EPA 811-Z-94-006
          Monday
          December 5, 1994
s  E  ^
Part II


Environmental

Protection  Agency

40 CFR Parts 141 and 143
Analytical Methods for Regulated
Drinking Water Contaminants; Final Rule

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62456   Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 232  /  Monday, December 5, 1994 / Rules and Regulations
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY

40 CFR Parts 141 and 143

[WH-FRL-5116-4]

RIN 2040-AC12

National Primary and Secondary
Drinking Water Regulations: Analytical
Methods for Regulated Drinking Water
Contaminants.

AGENCY: Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.

SUMMARY: EPA is promulgating the use
of several new analytical methods and
updated versions of previously
approved methods for a number of
regulated contaminants in drinking
water. At the same time, the Agency is
withdrawing approval of outdated
methods or outdated versions of the
same methods. The purpose of the rule
is to approve new methods, withdraw
outdated methods, and update older
methods for analysis of regulated
contaminants in drinking water. The
rule is expected to  eliminate
unnecessary duplication by
withdrawing older versions of the same
method, and satisfy public requests for
approval of new technologies in
drinking water analyses.
DATES: This final rule is effective on
January 4,1995. The incorporation of
the publications listed in this document
are approved by the Director of the
Federal Register as of January 4,1995.
ADDRESSES: Copies of the public
comments received on the proposal,
EPA's responses, and all other
supporting documents are available for
review at the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), Drinking
Water Docket, 401  M Street, S.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20460. For access to
the docket material, call (202) 260-3027
on Monday through Friday, excluding
Federal holidays, between 9:00 am and
3:30 pm Eastern Time for an
appointment.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr.
Jitendra Saxena, Drinking Water
Standards Division, Office of Ground
Water and Drinking Water (4603), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 401
M Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460,
(202) 260-9579. General information
may also be obtained from the EPA Safe
Drinking Water Hotline. Callers within
the United States may reach the Hotline
at (800) 426^1791. The Hotline is open
Monday through Friday, excluding
Federal holidays, from 9:00 am to 5:30
pm Eastern Time.
  For technical information regarding
chemistry methods, contact Richard
Reding, Ph.D., Office of Ground Water
and Drinking Water (TSD), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, telephone (513)
569-7946, or Baldev Bathija, Ph.D.,
Office of Ground Water and Drinking
Water (MC-4603), U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
20460, telephone (202) 260-3040. For
technical questions regarding
microbiology methods, contact Paul S.
Berger, Ph.D., Office of Ground Water
and Drinking Water (MC-4603), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C. 20460, telephone,
(202) 260-3039.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
  EPA Regional Offices:
I JFK Federal Bldg., One Congress Street,
    llth floor, Boston, MA 02203, Phone:
    (617)565-3610, Jerry Healey
II 26 Federal Plaza, Room 824, New York, NY
    10278, Phone: (212) 264-1800, Walter
    Andrews
III 841 Chestnut Building, Philadelphia, PA
    19107, Phone: (215) 597-9873, Stuart
    Kerzner
IV 345 Courtland Street, N.E., Atlanta, GA
    30365, Phone: (404) 347-3633, Wayne
    Aronson
V 77 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, IL
    60604, Phone: (312) 353-2151, Ed
    Walters
VI1445 Ross Avenue, Dallas, TX 75202,
    Phone: (214) 655-7150, Thomas Love
VII 726 Minnesota Avenue.Kansas City, KS
    66101,Phone: (913) 276-7032, Ralph
    Langemeir
VIII One Denver Place, 999 18th Street, Suite
    500, Denver, CO 80202-2466, Phone:
    (303) 293-1652, Patrick Crotty
IX 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, CA
    94105, Phone: (415)  744-1817, William
    Thurston
X1200 Sixth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101,
    Phone: (206) 553-4092, Kenneth Feigner

Table of Contents
I. Statutory Authority
II. Regulatory Background
III. Explanation of Today's Action
IV. Response to Comments Received on the
    Proposed Rule and Notice of Availability
V. Availability and Sources for Methods
    Information
VI. Regulation Assessment Requirements
VII. References

I. Statutory Authority
   The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA),
as amended hi 1986, requires EPA to
promulgate national primary drinking
water regulations (NPDWRs) which
specify maximum contaminant levels
 (MCLs) or treatment techniques for
drinking water contaminants (42 U.S.C.
300g-l). NPDWRs apply to public water
systems (42 U.S.C. 300f(l)(A)).
According to section 1401(1)03) of the
Act, NPDWRs include "criteria and
procedures to assure a supply of
drinking water which dependably
complies with such maximum
contaminant levels; including quality
control and testing procedures. *  *  *"
In addition, Section 1445 (a) of the Act
authorizes the Administrator to
establish regulations for monitoring to
assist in determining whether persons
are acting in compliance with the
requirements of the SDWA. EPA's
promulgation of analytical methods is
authorized under these sections of the
SDWA as well as the general rulemaking
authority in SDWA Section 1450(a)  (42
U.S.C. 300j-9(a)).

II. Regulatory Background

  EPA has promulgated analytical
methods for all currently regulated
drinking water contaminants for which
MCLs or monitoring requirements have
been promulgated. In most cases, the
Agency has promulgated regulations
specifying (i.e., approving) use of more
than one analytical method for a
contaminant, and laboratories may use
any  one of them for determining
compliance with an MCL or monitoring
requirement. After any regulation is
published, EPA may amend the
regulations to approve additional
methods, or modifications to approved
methods, or withdraw methods that
become obsolete.
  On December 15,1993, EPA proposed
to approve the use of several new
methods and modifications of existing
methods that EPA believed were as good
as, or better than, current methods and
procedures (58 FR 65622). The Agency
also proposed to withdraw approval for
outdated methods or outdated versions
of the same methods. In addition, EPA
published a Notice of Availability
(NOA) (59 FR 35891) on July 14,1994,
to make available data from EPA's
evaluation of several new analytical
methods, and to propose withdrawal of
approval for several outdated EPA
methods. EPA requested public
'comments on the proposal and on the
NOA. Today's notice takes final action
on the methods covered by the proposal
and the NOA.
III. Explanation of Today's Action

  With a few minor exceptions, which
are described below, the actions
described in the 1993 proposed rule and
the 1994 NOA are approved in today's
rule. The coliform transit time will
remain at 30 hours, and the Agency will
not require systems to hold samples at
10 °C during transit. EPA will approve
the Colisure test for simultaneously
determining the presence of total
coliforms and E. coli.

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          Federal  Register /  Vol.  59,  No. 232  / Monday, December  5, 1994 / Rules  and Regulations   62457
   In the July 1994 NOA, EPA described
 the new versions of EPA Methods 200.7,
 200.8, 200.9, 245.1 (EPA, 1994a) and
 504.1 (EPA, 1993d) that are approved in
 today's rule. Mercury and sodium have
 been added to the analytical scope of
 Methods 200.8 and 200.7, respectively.
 EPA is approving EPA Method 508.1
 (EPA, 1994c), \vhich allows liquid-solid
 extraction (LSE) procedures to be used
 under Method 508 conditions for
 analysis of many analytes contained in
 EPA Methods 507 and 508. A minor
 revision to dioxin method 1613 that
 allows use of LSE is approved.
 Hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene has been
 added to the analytical scope of EPA
 Method 508.
   Trimethylsilyldiazomethane may be
 used as an alternative derivatizing
 reagent in Methods 515.1 and 515.2.
 EPA Methods 150.1,150.2 and 515.1 are
 not withdrawn. Turbidity measurements
 of samples need not be made
 immediately before beginning an
 analysis for metals; it is only necessary
 that the sample be acidified and held for
 sixteen hours. For EPA Method 531.1
 (carbamales), samples no longer need to
 be frozen, thereby eliminating the
 possibility of frozen samples breaking
 the sample vial. Standard Method 6610
 is approved as an alternative to Method
 531.1. Analysis for 2,3,7,8-TCDD
 (dioxin) with Method 1613, or for
 asbestos with Method 100.1 or 100.2 can
 be simplified by using the guidance
 contained in the EPA document,
 Technical Notes on Drinking Water
 Methods (EPA, 1994d).
   Technical Notes contains mandatory
 and optional procedures that will be
 died in the drinking water regulations.
  EPA is also correcting minor errors in
 the 1993 proposal. An erroneous listing
 of USGS methods 1-2822-85 and I-
 2823-85 for sulfate, and ASTM D2036-
 91A for cyanide are removed in today's
 rule. The ASTM method had been listed
 twice in the table of approved methods.
 A typographical error occurred in listing
 the USGS method for silver and the
 ASTM method for chloride. The correct
 listings are USGS 1-3720-85 (silver) and
 ASTM D4327-91 (chloride).
  The effective date for all actions in
 this rule, except withdrawal of obsolete
 methods, is January 4,1995. The
 withdrawal date for obsolete methods is
July 1,1996 (or 18 months from
 publication, whichever is later), which
 is a year later than proposed. After this
 date, EPA's manual "Methods for
 Chemical Analysis of Water and
 Wastes" (EPA, 1983a) will contain only
 three approved drinking water
methods—Methods 150.1,150.2, and
 245.2. To spare new laboratories the
expense of purchasing this manual, EPA
 will provide single copies of these
 methods to users who do not have a
 copy of the 1983 manual. For the
 convenience of readers and for clarity of
 the rules, methods that are withdrawn
 will be specified only by tabulating
 them in the document, Technical Notes
 on Drinking Water Methods (EPA,
 1994d), and in the next revision of the
 Manual for the Certification of
 Laboratories Analyzing Drinking Water
 (EPA, 1990b).

 IV. Response to Comments Received on
 the Proposed Rule and Notice of
 Availability
   EPA received 136 comments on the
 December 15,1993, proposal; 92
 comments were related to chemical-
 analytical methods and 79 comments
 were related to the methods associated
 with the coliform and surface water
 treatment rules. The Agency received
 twenty comments on the July 14,1994,
 Notice of Availability. The commenters
 included analytical laboratories, water
 utilities, analytical instrument
 manufacturers, State and local
 regulators, and trade associations.
   A summary of major comments and
 the Agency's response to the issues
 raised are presented in this section. The
 Agency's detailed response to the
 comments received on the 1993
 proposed rule and the 1994 NOA is
 available in the public docket for this
 rule (EPA, 1994e).
 A. New Methods
   Comment on the ten new methods
 was favorable. These methods, EPA
 methods 100.2, 551,  552.1, 555,
 Standard Methods 4500-C1-E, 4500-C1-
 H, 4500-C1-I, 4500-Os-B, 4500-C1O2-E
 and Great Lakes Instruments Method 2
 were described in the 1993 proposal.
 Specific public comments on some of
 the methods are answered below.
   EPA Method 100.2 (asbestos)  Four
 comments contained several suggestions
 and criticisms. Method 100.2 has been
 editorially revised to reflect the
 comments. These changes, however, do
 not affect the performance, cost or
 applicability of the method. One
 commenter asked EPA to approve SM
 2570 for asbestos, which was published
 in a 1994 supplement to the eighteenth
 edition of Standard Methods (APHA,
 1994). EPA does not  approve SM 2570
 for asbestos in today's rule, because this
method differs in significant ways from
Method 100.2. For example, SM 2570
uses a larger pore filter (0.45 micron) to
trap asbestos fibers, while EPA method
100.2 uses a 0.22 micron filter. The
commenter did not provide any data
comparing asbestos trapping efficiency
of these two filters, whereas EPA has
 data (EPA, 1994e) to show that larger
 pore-size filters trap fewer asbestos
 fibers in drinking water samples.
   Method 552.1  A commenter asked
 that the sodium hydroxide rinse in
 Method 552il be optional, because the
 rinse is not compatible with their LSE
 product. Method 552.1 was developed
 and validated with ion exchange
 cartridges to take advantage of the
 special chemical properties of dalapon
 and the other acids covered by the
 method. To efficiently extract the acids
 the ion exchange resin must be activated
 with a sodium hydroxide rinse. Sorbent
 conditioning and elution steps, which
 are specified in Method 552.1 or any
 LSE method, cannot be modified or
 eliminated to accommodate the support
 material. Thus, EPA will not allow the
 sodium hydroxide rinse in Method
 552.1 to be optional, because EPA has
 received no data to support the
 commenter's request to make the rinse
 optional.
   The same commenter asked for a more
 generic definition of LSE media in
 Method 552.1 and in other LSE
 methods. The commenter believes EPA
 is unnecessarily narrowing the choice of
 LSE disks and cartridges. EPA does not
 believe LSE methods are overly
 restrictive in allowing use of alternative
 LSE disks or cartridges. However, EPA
 believes that additional guidance to
 help users correctly choose alternative
 LSE media without compromising the
 reliability of the analysis would be
 useful. The guidance is summarized
 below and will be published in
 Technical Notes on Drinking Water
 Methods (EPA, 1994d). The guidance is
 applicable to all LSE methods and
 supersedes the phrase "or equivalent"
 that is used in some methods to describe
 selection of alternative LSE cartridges or
 disks.
  Liquid-solid extraction is performed
 using various sorbents that are either
 packed into a cartridge or enmeshed in
 a disk of inert support material. EPA
 methods describe the cartridge or disk
 that was used to develop the LSE
 procedure,  and to produce the data
 which is published in the method. If a
 product is mentioned in the methods, it
 is for information purposes only. EPA
believes various LSE cartridges and
 disks may be used, provided they meet
all quality control requirements of the
method, and provided they contain a
sorbent that uses the same
physicochemical principles as the
cartridge or disk that is described in the
approved LSE method. To demonstrate
that alternative LSE cartridges and disks
meet all quality control criteria, the
analyst must be aware of the chemistry
of the method. For example, in

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62458   Federal Register / Vol. 59, No.  232 / Monday, December 5, 1994 / Rules and Regulations
evaluating Method 552.1 the recovery of
the free acid (not a chemical derivative)
from the water sample must be tested
with the alternative LSE cartridge or
disk.
  In judging LSE disk media, both the
sorbent and the support must be
evaluated. In the case of sorbents,
similarities in polarity are not sufficient.
For example, a Gig-Silica sorbent may
not perform the same as a styrene
divinylbenzene copolymer sorbent.
Thus, these sorbents would not be
considered to be equivalent. In judging
supports, any physical support used to
hold the sorbent  is acceptable provided
the support is inert and compatible with
the solutions or solvents required in the
conditioning and elution steps of the
method. However, any sorbent
conditioning or elution steps, which are
specified in the method must not be
modified or eliminated to accommodate
the support material.
  EPA Method 555  Several
commenters noted that the method
detection limits (MDLs) for some
analytes were greater than MDLs in the
alternative method (EPA Method 515.1),
or were too high to meet monitoring
triggers, which are specified at 40 CFR
141.24(h)(18).  Thus, they questioned
whether Method 555 was a suitable
alternative to Method 515.2. EPA
believes commenters mistakenly looked
at MDLs in Table 2 of Method 555,
which shows the results of spikes at 10
ppb. However, spikes at 0.5 ppb (Table
5 in the method) resulted in MDLs that
are equivalent to Method 515.1 MDLs,
and these MDLs have been validated in
a second laboratory (EPA, 1992a). EPA
also notes that monitoring triggers for
several organic contaminants, including
Method 555 analytes, may be amended
in a future rulemaking (EPA, 1993b,
 1994f).
   Great Lakes Instruments (GLI) Method
 2 (turbidity)   Some commenters
 objected to the method because it is
vendor and instrument-specific. EPA
 generally develops and approves
 methods that are not vendor-specific.
 Users are not limited to the GLI method;
 generic methods SM 2130B and EPA
 180.1 are approved for turbidity.
 However, under the Alternative Test
 Procedures (ATP) program EPA has
 approved vendor-specific methods or
 products as alternatives to approved
 methods (53 FR 5142, February 19,
 1988). GLI Method 2 was evaluated
 under EPA's ATP program and
 recommended for approval as an
 alternative method. EPA realizes GLI is
 the source of copies of GLI Method 2,
 which is a factor a laboratory choosing
 to adopt this method must consider.
  Some commenters believed the GLI
method should be approved as a version
of an international procedure, ISO 7027.
The ISO procedure measures turbidity
via either 90° scattered or transmitted
light depending on concentration.
Although instruments conforming to
ISO 7027 specifications are similar to
the GLI instrument, only the GLI
instrument uses pulsed, multiple
detectors to simultaneously read both
90° scattered and transmitted light. EPA
has received no data on the ISO 7027
use of separate 90° scattered or
transmitted light measurements to judge
equivalency to other approved turbidity
methods.
  SM 4500-C1-E,  Low Level
Amperometric Titration A commenter
noted a typographical error in a
calculation in SM 4500-C1-E, which the
Standard Methods Committee has
agreed to correct. In approving SM
4500-C1-E, EPA will print the correct
formula for SM 4500-C1-E in Technical
Notes on Drinking Water Methods (EPA,
1994d). The Standard Methods
Committee will publish a correction to
this method in the next (19th) edition of
Standard Methods (Eaton, 1993a).
  SM 6610 (APHA, 1994)  A
commenter asked to approve this
method as an alternative to EPA Method
531.1. EPA aided the development of
this method, which was published in
1994 in a supplement to the eighteenth
edition of Standard Methods. EPA
agrees •with the commenter, and will
approve SM6610 for analysis of
aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb
sulfoxide, carbaryl, carbofuran, 3-
hydroxycarbofuran, methomyl, and
oxamyl.
  EPA Method 1613, Revision B, dioxin
(EPA, 19941)  EPA was asked to replace
the approved Revision A of Method
1613 with Revision B. EPA agrees with
the suggestion. As with Revision A,
users can greatly simplify use of
Revision B of Method 1613 when only
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(2,3,7,8-TCDD) is to be determined in
drinking water samples by using
procedures described in Technical
Notes on Drinking Water Methods (EPA,
1994d).
  EPA proposed Revision A of Method
1613 for the monitoring of several
chlorinated dioxins and furans under
the Clean Water Act on February 7,1991
(56 FR 5090), and approved it only'for
measurement of 2,3,7,8-TCDD under
the Safe Drinking Water Act on July 17,
1992 (57 FR 31803). In response to
comments on the 1991 proposal, EPA
developed Revision B. The only
technical changes made in Revision B
that affect determination of 2,3,7,8-
TCDD in drinking water matrices are (1)
slight changes in performance
specifications based on the compilation
of data from interlaboratory and other
studies, (2) additional language
intended to provide analysts with
increased flexibility to use liquid solid
extraction procedures, and (3) further
clarification of the documentation
required when analysts employ the
flexibility provided in the method to use
alternate techniques not explicitly
described in the method.
B. Expanded Scope for Already
Approved Methods
  Comments on expanding the
analytical scope of these five methods
were favorable. These methods, EPA
Methods 200.8, 200.9, 300.0, SM 4110B,
and American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) method D4327-91,
were discussed in the 1993 proposal or
the 1994 NOA. Specific comments
requesting that approved methods cover
additional analytes are described and
answered below.
  A commenter asked EPA to expand
the scope  of Method 200.8 to include
additional metals that are not currently
regulated by EPA. While EPA
encourages laboratories to use any
approved method for all contaminants
that are within the analytical scope of
the method, EPA can only approve a
method for contaminants that are
regulated. One commenter asked why
Method 200.9 did not include the
secondary drinking water contaminant,
zinc. EPA believes analysis of zinc with
Method 200.9 is impractical, because
the instrument and procedure used are
very sensitive to small amounts of lead.
The analysis is subject to random
contamination, and the concentration
range of zinc that can be reliably
measured is too narrow to be of use with
typical drinking water samples. EPA
recommends more suitable methods
(EPA 200.7, 200.9, SM 3120B and SM
3111B) for measurement of zinc in
drinking water samples.
  Commenters were concerned about
expanding the scope of the ion
chromatography methods to include
fluoride. They believed that EPA did not
have data to show that interference
problems would not preclude use of ion
chromatography for the analysis of
fluoride in drinking water samples.
EPA's 1990 study (Bionetics) which
involved participation of seventeen
laboratories demonstrated that fluoride
can be reliably measured in drinking
water samples with ion
chromatography. Thus, EPA has no
hesitation in approving the three
proposed ion chromatography methods
for the analysis of fluoride in drinking
water.

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           Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 232 / Monday, December 5, 1994 / Rules and Regulations   62459
  C. Updated Methods
   Comment on updating earlier versions
  of six methods to the current versions
  was favorable. These methods, EPA
  Methods 504.1, 515.2, 524.2, 525.2,
  548.1 and 549.1, were discussed in the
  1993 proposal or the 1994 NOA.
 Problems were reported by a commenter
 with the use of
 trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSD) for
 derivatization of the analytes in
 Methods 515.1 and 515.2. The
 commenter suggested that EPA also
 allow the use of diazomethane for this
 purpose. EPA agrees with the
 commenter and, as discussed in the
 1993 proposal, EPA allows use of either
 derivatizing reagent. However, because
 dalapon is not adequately derivatized by
 TMSD, the use of TMSD in Method
 515.1 is not approved for analysis of
 dalapon. Procedures for using TMSD
 with Methods 515.1 and 515.2 are
 described in the document Technical
 Notes on Drinking Water Methods (EPA,
 1994d).

 D. Updates to Methods by Reference to
 Most Recent Manual
   Comments were favorable on
 approving versions of previously
 approved methods that are now
 contained in the eighteenth edition of
 Standard Methods (APHA, 1992) and in
 five new EPA manuals (EPA, 1994a,
 1991,1990a, 1992b and 1993a). These
 publications were described and
 discussed in the 1993 proposal or the
 1994 NOA. Questions or requests from
 commenters about some of the methods
 contained in these publications are
 described and  answered below.
   1994 EPA Metals Manual (EPA,
 1994a)  Three commenters asked to add
 other regulated metals to the scope of
 Method 200.7, because use of a new
 axial configured inductively coupled
 plasma (ICP) atomic emission
 spcctroscopy (AES) instrument
 improves the sensitivity of the method
 to the required regulatory limits. EPA
 will not approve this request in today's
 rule, because Method 200.7 as written
 allows use of other types of ICP/AES
 instruments that cannot meet the
 regulatory limits for the additional
 metals. To extend the scope of Method
 200.7 as suggested by the commenters
 would require either a formal ATP
 approval (EPA, 1993c), or publication of
 a new AES method that allowed only
 instruments with an axial configuration.
  1991 Organic Methods Manual (EPA,
 1991)  One commenter requested a
change in the scope of EPA Method 505
because of the detection limits for some
method analytes. These changes
included withdrawal of alachlor,
 atrazine and simazine, and addition of
 toxaphene. EPA is evaluating the
 detection limits in several methods.
 When this evaluation is complete, EPA
 may propose to withdraw approval of
 methods or modify the scope of
 methods, such as Method 505. In the
 interim, EPA does not agree that the
 scope of Method 505 should be changed
 to withdraw alachlor, atrazine and
 simazine. However, EPA agrees that
 analysis for these nitrogen-containing
 compounds may require use of a
 nitrogen-phosphorous detector (NPD)
 rather than the electron capture detector
 (ECD). Today's rule specifies that an
 NPD should be substituted for the ECD
 in Method 505 (or another approved
 method should be used) to determine
 alachlor, atrazine and simazine, if lower
 detection limits are required.
   EPA agrees with the comment about
 toxaphene. In today's rule EPA is
 correcting an omission in the 1993
 proposal by continuing to approve
 Method 505 for toxaphene. However,
 EPA notes that the Method 505 MDL for
 toxaphene is very close to the MCL. To
 improve the sensitivity of the analysis
 analysts may wish to use Method 508
 for toxaphene and other Method 505
 analytes for which use of an NPD will
 not improve the sensitivity. Method 508
 is very similar to Method 505 except
 that the MDLs are lower, because a
 larger sample volume is extracted.
   MCL compliance determination for
 PCBs requires that EPA method 505 or
 508 be used as a screen for PCBs as
 Aroclors prior to quantitation as
 decachlorobiphenyl by EPA Method
 508A. Three commenters requested that
 EPA switch the sequence of compliance
 methods for PCBs, i.e., use Method
 508A to screen and Method 505 or 508
 to quantify PCBs. The suggested change
 in the sequence of compliance methods
 is beyond the scope of this rule since it
 would require amending the MCL
 compliance determination sequence in
 40 CFR 141.24(h)(13)(i)-(iii). Only
 Method 508A can measure
 decachlorobiphenyl, and
 § 141.24(h)(13)(ii) specifically requires
 "using Method 508A to quantify PCBs
 as decachlorobiphenyl".
  It was suggested by a commenter that
 EPA include hexachloro-
 cyclopentadiene (HCP) in the scope of
 EPA Method 508. EPA agrees with the
 commenter, and will allow
 measurement of HCP with EPA Method
 508. However, the analyst must show
 that the analyte recoveries and other
 criteria, which are specified for HCP in
 Section 9 of Method 508.1  are achieved
using Method 508 procedures. This
option will be described in the
 document, Technical Notes on Drinking
 Water Methods (EPA, 1994d).
   1993 EPA Inorganic Methods Manual
 (EPA, 1993a)   A commenter asked what
 the differences were between Method
 335.3 and the updated version, Method
 335.4, since both versions require
 manual distillation of the sample to
 prepare it for measurement of cyanide.
 The technical differences between these
 methods are minor. EPA improved the
 automation of procedures in Method
 335.4, and added the option to use a
 labor-saving distillation procedure. The
 distillation option is described in
 Method 335.4, and it is approved and
 described for other spectrophotometric
 methods in Technical Notes on Drinking
 Water Methods (EPA, 1994d).
   Two commenters objected to
 replacement of Method 335.3 with
 335.4. The objection appeared to be
 based on the mistaken belief that
 Method 335.4 requires a manual
 distillation of the sample to prepare it
 for measurement of cyanide and that the
 earlier version, Method 335.3, did not.
 EPA has never allowed
 spectrophotometric measurements of
 cyanide in water samples without
 manual distillation of the sample using
 SM 4500-CN-C (cf. 40 CFR 136.3, Table
 IB;  59 FR 4507, January 31, 1994; and
 57 FR 31839, July 17, 1992).
 Commenters may have been misled by
 a discussion in Method 335.3 of an
 alternate ultraviolet (UV) digestion
 procedure that does not require manual
 distillation. EPA has never approved
 this optional UV procedure for
 compliance measurements of cyanide,
 because EPA has no data to show that
 UV digestion would not provide
 inaccurate results that underestimate
 the level of contamination. To avoid
 manual distillation of the sample,
 laboratories may use a selective
 electrode method for cyanide.
  EPA notes that the "amenable"
 spectrophotometric methods, ASTM
 D2036-91B and SM 4500-CN-G, also
 require distillation  prior to either free or
 total cyanide measurements. To further
 clarify EPA's intent to require manual
 distillation for all spectrophotometric
 determinations of cyanide, these
 methods will be listed at 40 CFR
 141.23(k) in today's rule under the
 phrase "Manual distillation followed
 by". Immediately following this phrase,
 the rules specify use of SM 4500-CN-
 C to  conduct this distillation.

 Microbiological Methods
  The vast majority of comments on the
 eighteenth edition version of
microbiology methods concerned the
maximum  time between sample
collection and analysis (transit time) of

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62460   Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 232  / Monday, December 5,  1994  /  Rules and Regulations
drinking water samples. Commenters
opposed reducing this time from 30
hours (16th edition of Standard
Methods) to 24 hours (18th edition of
Standard Methods). The Standard
Methods committee reduced the transit
time because of its concern about
coliform die-off in the sample over time.
Commenters opposed reducing the time
because it would (1) be logistically
impractical if not impossible to do, (2)
increase costs for sample transport and
resampling, (3) cause hardships in
sample collection, and (4) complicate
and decrease laboratory flexibility. A
few commenters claimed that the
reduced transit time is not supported by
data.
  Coliforms usually die off over time,
especially when water temperatures are
warm, but EPA recognizes that there is
debate among investigators over the rate
of that decline. EPA is currently
conducting additional studies on this
question,  using fecal coliforms and E.
coli, and results are anticipated by the
end of 1994. Given the logistical and
other problems that might result by
decreasing the transit time to 24 hours,
EPA is deferring a decision on whether
to reduce the transit time until more
data become available. For the time
being, the Agency has added a footnote
to the Table in § 141.21(f)(3), allowing a
maximum transit time of 30 hours. If
EPA decides that a reduction from 30
 hours is warranted, the Agency will
 work with the States to minimize the
 hardships identified in the public
 comments. Meanwhile, EPA strongly
 encourages States and systems to review
 their procedures and identify practical
 alternatives for providing samples to
 laboratories more quickly.
   Other commenters objected to the
 requirement in the 18th edition of
 Standard Methods to hold samples at
 less than 10 °C during transit. The
 Standard Methods committee specified
 this value because of its concern about
 coliform  die-off in the sample at higher
 temperatures, where the bacterial
 metabolism of coliforms and non-
 coliforms alike is normally greater.
    Commenters objected to any EPA
 requirement that would require them to
 keep samples cool during sample
 transit. They asserted that this
 requirement would (1) be unnecessary
 and would complicate sample transport
 logistics, (2) increase sampling costs and
 shipping costs for both systems and
 laboratories, because coolers and ice
   Eacks cost money and samples are
   eavier and thus more expensive to
 ship, and (3) lead to problems with
 frozen samples or a significantly
 increased number of invalid samples.
 Commenters also stated that under the
presence-absence concept, sample
cooling was less important than under
the earlier rule based on coliform
density.
  EPA is deferring a decision on sample
transit temperature until the Agency
initiates a review, and possible revision,
of the Total Coliform Rule. For the time
being, the Agency has added a footnote
to the Table in § 141.21(f)(3)
encouraging, but not requiring, systems
to hold samples at less than 10 °C
during transit. Nevertheless, the Agency
strongly encourages systems to cool
their samples during transit, especially
during warm summer months, to
minimize coliform die-off. The Agency
is currently conducting additional
studies on this question, using fecal
coliforms and E. coli, and results are
anticipated by the end of 1994. If EPA
decides that a reduction is warranted,
the Agency will work with the States to
minimize the hardships identified in the
public comments.
  EPA is also approving a new method,
the Colisure test, for simultaneously
determining the presence of total
coliforms and E. coli, both of which
must be monitored under the Total
Coliform Rule (40 CFR 141.21). Data
supporting the use of this method was
presented in the notice of July 14,1994
 (NOA).
   Most commenters supported approval
of the Colisure test, but several raised
questions about the test,  primarily
 concerning the incubation time. They
 cited the Broadway et al. (1992) data
 that indicated that only 64%  and 69%
 of the bottles were total coliform-
 positive and E. co./j-positive,
 respectively, after 24 hours compared to
 the 48-hour results. According to the
 Broadway et al. data, 85% and 88% of
 the bottles were total coliform-positive
 and E. co/i-positive, respectively, after
 28 hours compared to the 48-hour
 results.
   EPA agrees with the commenters who
 contended that 24 hours of incubation
 was insufficient for the Colisure test.
 The Agency, however, believes that the
 recovery rate after 28 hours is
 reasonable, and will approve the
 Colisure test as a 28-hour test.
 Moreover, based on additional data from
 the product manufacturer showing that
 the false-positive rate after 48 hours is
 small, EPA will allow laboratories to
 hold the test up to 48 hours before
 observing results.

 Chemical Methods
   There were only minor comments on
 the proposal to update chemistry
 methods to the versions contained in
 the 18th edition of Standard Methods.
 The 18th edition versions contain no or
minor changes to earlier versions, and
EPA received no comments to document
specific hardships in converting to 18th
edition chemical methods. Several
commenters noted that, although
thallium is not in the scope of SM
3113B, EPA erroneously approved SM
3113B for thallium (57 FR 31840, July
17,1992). EPA agrees and will delete
this approval in today's rule.
  A commenter noted that the 18th
edition version of SM 4500-C1-G omits
instructions that would allow
measurement of total residual chlorine
in drinking water samples using a
colorimetric method. The Standard
Methods Committee has written (Eaton,
1993b) that an editorial omission, not a
technical change, occurred in recent
versions of SM 4500-C1-G. The error
will be corrected in the next (19th)
edition of Standard Methods. EPA
corrects the error today by describing
the omitted instructions in Technical
Notes on Drinking Water  Methods (EPA,
1994d).
E. Methods To Be Withdrawn and
Replaced
General Comments Received on
Withdrawal of Methods
   One commenter suggested that all
methods carry a "draft" status for three
years after publication; other
commenters asked EPA to approve new
methods more quickly. It would defeat
 EPA's intent to provide modern
 technology quickly, if a method had to
 be published, proposed, and then kept
 in draft status for three years. EPA
 balances this problem by allowing
 optional use of old or new methods
 during a transitional period, which in
 the case of this rule extends to July 1,
 1996 (or 18 months after publication,
 whichever is later).
    Several commenters believed EPA
 was eliminating, or intended to
 eliminate, all autoanalyzer or
 colorimetric methods. This is incorrect;
 EPA is replacing only obsolete methods
 with equivalent ASTM, EPA and
 Standard Methods. EPA is not
 eliminating colorimetric or autoanalyzer
 technology for any regulated
 contaminant, except arsenic. Evidence
 of EPA's intent is in the 1993 methods
 manual (EPA, 1993a), which updated
 colorimetric methods for cyanide
 (335.4), nitrite and nitrate (353.2), and
 sulfate (375.2). EPA has and continues
 to approve autoanalyzer and
 colorimetric ASTM and  Standard
 Methods for cyanide, fluoride, nitrite,
 nitrate and sulfate.
    Some commenters stated that
 changing from EPA methods to
 equivalent Standard Methods and

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          Federal Register / Vol.  59,  No. 232 / Monday, December 5, 1994  /  Rules and  Regulations   62461
 ASTM methods would be very time-
 consuming and expensive, but provided
 no specific information to support this
 statement. EPA is withdrawing methods
 that aro incomplete and often require
 users to rely on the equivalent ASTM or
 Standard Methods. Thus the change, in
 many cases, has already taken place. In
 other cases, there are very minor
 differences between the withdrawn and
 tho replacement methods. EPA notes
 that laboratories may continue to use a
 withdrawn method for other than
 compliance monitoring samples. EPA's
 actions in today's rule save laboratories
 money, because they need only support
 one version of an ASTM, EPA, or
 Standard Method. Prior to this rule,
 laboratories were required to use
 methods in the  14th, 16th, 17th, and
 18lh editions of Standard Methods, and
 at least two different versions of EPA
 Methods 200.7 and 524.2.
  EPA received numerous comments
 requesting an extension of the
 withdrawal date for analytical methods.
 The suggested dates ranged from July 1,
 1995, to July 1,2000. Based on these
 comments, EPA will extend the
 methods withdrawal date from July 1,
 1995, to July 1,1996 (or 18 months from
 publication, whichever is later), which
 is beyond the withdrawal date suggested
 by most commenters. New methods or
 new versions of current methods will be
 approved within 30 days of publication
 Of the rule. This overlap in approval
 dates for new methods and withdrawal
 of obsolete methods will give
 laboratories sufficient time to become
 certified with the new methods.
 Comments on Withdrawal of Specific
 Methods
  Packed-Column EPA Methods
 Commenters generally favored
 withdrawal of packed column methods
 for volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
 and trihalomethanes (THMs), and
 replacing them with technologically
 advanced capillary column methods.
 Additional costs incurred in supporting
 older, obsolete methods until EPA
 withdraws these methods, and the
 suitability of capillary columns to
 handle the increasing number of
 regulated contaminants were cited as
 reasons for supporting withdrawal. The
 July 1,1995, withdrawal date may be
 too early, as pointed out by some
 commenters. EPA will extend the date
 to July 1,1996 (or 18 months from
 publication, whichever is later), to  give
 laboratories more time to plan an
 orderly transition to capillary column
 methods.
  Some commenters asked EPA for
continuation of the use of packed-
column methods, if they meet current
 regulatory requirements. EPA feels that
 packed-column methods have many
 drawbacks. For example, the cis and
 trans dichloroethene isomers cannot be
 separated with the packed-columns
 specified for VOC analysis (Lyter, 1994).
 Such separation problems with packed-
 column methods have limited EPA's
 ability to prepare samples for EPA's
 laboratory performance evaluation (PE)
 program. To accommodate packed-
 column methods, separate PE samples
 are prepared for THMs and VOCs to
 minimize THM and VOC interferences
 that users of packed column EPA
 methods will experience. If only
 capillary columns are approved, EPA
 will have more latitude to mix VOCs
 and THMs in PE samples to better test
 laboratories with concentrations and
 mixtures of THMs and VOCs, as might
 realistically occur in drinking waters.
 EPA notes that laboratories may
 continue to use packed column methods
 for other than compliance monitoring
 analyses, such as routine plant
 operation or source evaluation samples.
   A commenter asked why EPA
 proposed to withdraw THM Methods
 501.1 and 501.2 in the 1993 proposal,
 but subsequently proposed to continue
 approval of these packed column
 methods in the Information Collection
 Rule (ICR)  (59 FR 6354 and 6413-6414,
 February 10,1994). In today's rule, EPA
 is clarifying why and how Methods
 501.1 and 501.2 can and should be
 withdrawn without affecting analytical
 needs that were described in the ICR
 proposal. In the ICR, EPA proposed
 Methods 501.1 and 501.2 only because
 ICR data must be gathered quickly to
 support pending disinfectant  byproduct
 control regulations. To support these
 regulations, EPA proposed to  conduct
 THM monitoring at a limited number of
 PWS for eighteen months beginning in
 1995. Since this data must be  collected
 by laboratories certified to conduct
 THM analyses, it could be a hardship to
 revoke the certification of laboratories
 now using Methods 501.1 and 501.2.
 EPA notes that EPA also proposed and
 encouraged laboratories to use one of
 the capillary column methods (EPA
 Methods 502.2, 524.2 and 551) to
 conduct THM monitoring for the ICR.
 And in a subsequent disinfection
 byproduct rule (59 FR 38668, July 29,
 1994) EPA proposed only capillary
 methods for THM compliance
 monitoring (59 FR 38821).
  As explained in the 1993 proposal
 and in the 1992 THM methods rule (58
 FR 41344, August 3,1993), EPA intends
 to and will withdraw packed column
methods for THM and VOC compliance
analysis. To accommodate the special
and immediate information collection
 needs of the ICR, EPA is deferring
 withdrawal of packed column Methods
 501.1 and 501.2 until July 1,1996 (or 18
 months after publication, whichever is
 later). This date is expected to be after
 the beginning of the proposed ICR
 monitoring period. When the ICR rule is
 promulgated, certification under
 Methods 501.1 and 501.2 will be
 granted such that the withdrawal date
 will not impede collection of THM data
 for the ICR.
   Colorimetric Methods for Arsenic—A
 commenter requested that EPA not
 withdraw colorimetric methods for
 arsenic. Because the detection limits of
 these methods are very near the MCL for
 arsenic, colorimetric measurements do
 not provide a reliable indication of
 variability of, or trends in, ambient
 concentrations of arsenic in the water
 supply when these concentrations are
 less than the MCL. EPA believes the
 detection limit deficiency warrants
 withdrawal of colorimetric methods for
 arsenic.
   In addition, since EPA approves other
 methods that measure all twelve
 regulated metals, including arsenic, it is
 not cost-effective to measure arsenic
 separately with a colorimetric method.
 The cost of a complete, broad-spectrum
 metals analysis by atomic absorption or
 ICP is not reduced if arsenic is not
 included. And EPA knows of no
 situation where arsenic is the only metal
 to be  determined in a compliance
 sample. EPA believes that there is no
 scientific reason or economic need for a
 colorimetric method that only measures
 arsenic. However, EPA notes that
 withdrawal of these methods does not
 preclude their use for other than
 compliance monitoring samples.
  EPA Methods 208.2 and 354.1—A
 commenter asked EPA to replace EPA
 Methods 208.2 (barium) and 354.1
 (nitrite) with the equivalent methods
 SM 3113B and SM 4500-NO2-B, which
 are published in the 18th edition of
 Standard Methods (APHA, 1992). EPA
 agrees and will withdraw Methods
 208.2 and 354.1, since equivalent
 methods using the same equipment and
 procedures are approved.
  EPA Method 340.2 (fluoride)—
 Commenters expressed concern that
 withdrawal of this ion-selective
 electrode method will require use of
 EPA Method 300.0, which requires
 purchase of an ion chromatograph. This
 is incorrect; only the EPA ion-selective
 electrode method will be withdrawn.
 The ASTM and SM methods, which use
the same equipment as the EPA method,
are approved for fluoride compliance
 determinations.
  Hydrazine Methods for Nitrate and
Nitrite—A commenter agreed with

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62462   Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 232 / Monday, December 5, 1994  /  Rules and Regulations
EPA's withdrawal of hydrazine method
353.1, stating that the method is
obsolete. The commenter, however,
wanted EPA to make available at least
one hydrazine method for nitrite and
nitrate by approving SM 4500-NO3—H.
EPA is withdrawing Method 353.1
because hydrazine is carcinogenic and
toxic, and creates a significant
hazardous waste disposal problem. SM
4500—NOs-H has the same problems
and, therefore, cannot be approved. EPA
believes users of hydrazine methods
will be able to convert easily to the
approved cadmium reduction methods
for nitrate and nitrite by changing their
reagent from hydrazine to cadmium
when their supply of hydrazine is
depleted. The cadmium methods, which
have been approved for nitrate and
nitrite since 1991, use the same
equipment as the hydrazine methods.
  Flame AA for metals—Three
commenters requested that flame atomic
absorption (AA) and graphite furnace
methods not be withdrawn. EPA has not
withdrawn flame AA and graphite
furnace methods published by ASTM or
Standard Methods; only the obsolete
EPA versions of these methods are
withdrawn.
  Direct Aspiration Flame AA
Methods—Some commenters wanted
EPA to expand the  scope of these
methods to include metals  other than
barium and nickel. EPA cannot  expand
the scope, because  the methods are not
sensitive enough to measure metals
other than barium and nickel.
  Method 515.1—EPA received many
comments requesting that this method
not be withdrawn,  primarily for two
reasons. First, neither proposed
replacement method, 552.1 or 515.2,
covers all of the regulated chemicals
that are in Method  515.1. Secondly, the
new dalapon method (552.1) requires
significantly different equipment,
procedures and skills than  Method
515.1. Four  commenters agreed with
EPA's proposal to withdraw Method
515.1, because a combination of
Methods 515.2 and 552.1 meets their
regulatory needs. EPA agrees with the
majority of commenters and will not
withdraw Method 515.1.
   Methods for Secondary
Contaminants—Some commenters
believed that delisting a secondary
contaminant method precludes its use
for other than compliance monitoring
samples. This is not correct; EPA does
not certify laboratories for secondary
monitoring, and EPA only recommends
methods for secondary contaminants.
Unless State requirements provide
otherwise, laboratories may use
methods other than those cited  at 40
CFR143.4(b) for measurement of
secondary contaminants.
  EPA Method 245.2 (mercury)—EPA
was asked to withdraw this method,
which is an automated, cold vapor
method for mercury. EPA cannot
withdraw this method because there is
no other equivalent version of the
method. Because EPA does not have
enough information to assess the effect
that withdrawal of Method 245.2 would
have, it is deferring a decision on
withdrawal.
  EPA Methods 150.1,150.2 (pH)—In
the 1994 NOA, EPA proposed to replace
these methods with equivalent ASTM
and Standard Methods for pH. A
commenter noted that the EPA methods
are easier to use under field conditions.
The commenter indicated that since
many pH measurements are made in the
field at the point of sample collection,
withdrawal of the EPA methods would
pose a significant hardship. EPA agrees
with the commenter, and will not
withdraw these methods until ASTM or
Standard Methods pH methods  are
simplified for field use.
F. Miscellaneous
  Reformat Listing of Methods in 40
CFR Parts 141 and 143—Commenters
have asked EPA to improve the
organization and clarity of the drinking
water regulations. Commenters  have
criticized the organization of the rules,
and noted difficulty in obtaining copies
of drinking water regulations. They
need the regulations, because they
contain tables and lists of approved
methods, and because mandatory
method instructions are included in the
text of the rules and in footnotes to the
tables of methods. These instructions
are not contained in the approved
methods, because they were developed
after the method was published. In
today's rule, EPA is minimizing the use
of footnotes and lengthy technical
instructions in drinking water rules.
EPA is accomplishing this by including
these instructions in the document
Technical Notes on Drinking Water
Methods (EPA, 1994d). This EPA
publication contains mandatory
procedures, clarifications and helpful
options, such as guidance on more
efficient ways to conduct asbestos and
dioxin compliance measurements. EPA
will place these instructions in the
affected method when the method is
revised and published. EPA intends to
use this document to publish future
method corrections or modifications
(after notice and comment in the
Federal Register as necessary). EPA
believes Technical Notes will be easier
for users to obtain, read and photocopy
than the tables of approved methods in
the drinking water rules. Incorporating
Technical Notes on Drinking Water
Methods by reference in the rule has the
effect of making its provisions as
mandatory as those in the approved
drinking water methods.
  EPA is improving the clarity of the
rules by consolidating listings of
analytical methods. Analytical methods
for THMs have been moved from
§ 141.30 to § 141.24(e). Appendix C of
§ 141.30, which contained THM
Methods 501.1 and 501.2, is withdrawn
immediately, but the methods may be
used for compliance monitoring under
§ 141.30 until July 1,1996 (or 18 months
from publication, whichever is later).
And analytical methods formerly
specified for lead, copper, and
corrosivity at 40 CFR 141.89(a) and
sodium at § 141.41(d) are now listed
with other inorganic methods at
§ 141.23(k)(l). EPA notes that although
sodium was removed from the list of 83
contaminants included in the 1986
amendments to the SDWA (53 FR
26487), the provisions at § 141.41 still
obtain.
  Specifications for Continuous
Chlorine Monitoring Methods—
Commenters favored the proposed
specification for continuous chlorine
monitoring measurements to be based
on calibration with an approved grab
sample method. Two commenters asked
EPA to extend the calibration period to
seven days. EPA has no data to support
such an extension. However, the EPA
protocol for continuous chlorine
monitoring allows a laboratory to use an
alternative protocol, if it is approved by
the State. EPA believes it is prudent for
States to monitor and approve changes
to the EPA protocol, such as those
suggested by commenters. The protocol
approved in today's rule is specified at
40 CFR 141.74(a)(2), and allows States
to grant variations, including certain
changes in the chemistry of the method.
  Allow Interchange of Detectors in
EPA Methods 505, 507, 508—
Commenters favored this proposal. Two
commenters noted that data with
alternative detectors must be verified,
and were concerned about poor BCD
response of some nitrogen-containing
compounds. EPA agrees that data must
be verified when changing detectors,
and that the results for all chemicals in
Methods 505, 507 or 508 may not meet
quality control requirements when an
alternative detector is used. This is why
Section 6.8.3 of Methods 507 and 508,
and Section 10.4 of Methods 505, 507
and 508 allow alternative detectors only
if the initial demonstration of capability
criteria in Section 10 of each method is
met by the alternative detector.

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           Federal Register / Vol. 59,  No. 232  /  Monday, December  5, 1994 / Rules and Regulations   62463
   Ono commenter wanted to allow use
 of other detectors with EPA Method
 504. EPA cannot approve this request,
 because EPA has no data to justify use
 of alternative detectors in Methods 504
 or 504.1, which use an electron capture
 detector (ECD). The ECD has been the
 only detector capable of routinely
 measuring EDB and DBCP at the
 required parts-per-trillion
 concentrations (56 FR 3550, January 30,
 1991).
   Guidance on Preserving Samples—A
 commenter asked that biocide
 procedures be dropped from the VOC
 methods, because EPA has dropped
 mercuric chloride as a biocide in
 synthetic organic chemical (SOC)
 methods. EPA dropped mercuric
 chloride from SOC methods, because
 EPA has no data to show that
 blodegradation of a regulated SOC
 occurs in a typical drinking water
 sample, and because mercuric chloride
 is toxic and a hazardous  waste.
 However, EPA has data to show
 degradation (EPA, 1994e) in samples
 collected for measurement of VOCs. The
 biocide procedures required in the VOC
 methods require some combination of
 chilling, rapid transit and analysis, or
 acidification. None of these procedures
 pose health or waste disposal problems
 that compare with the problems
 associated \vith preservation using
 mercuric chloride. Therefore, EPA
 continues to require use of a biocide in
 VOC methods.
  Liquid-Solid Extraction (LSE) in EPA
 Methods 507 and 508—Some
 commenters believed more data were
 needed before EPA allowed use of LSE
 in Methods 507 and 508; EPA agrees.
 EPA stated in the December proposal
 that "the Agency regards this proposed
 modification as tentative and will base
 a final decision on whether to approve
 on public comment and additional EPA
 performance data." After studying this
 option and developing additional  data
 (EPA, 1994e), EPA has decided not to
 add LSE as an option in Methods 507
 and 508, because EPA does not have
 data to support use of this technique for
 all of the chemicals in the methods. As
 an alternative, EPA has developed and
 is approving Method 508.1 (EPA,
 1994c). Method 508.1 uses the
 procedures and the electron capture
 detector that are used in Method 508,
 and it allows use of LSE.  The scope of
 Method 508.1 covers many of the
 Method 507 and 508 analytes that  are
 subject to regulated or unregulated
contaminant monitoring requirements,
but it does not include butachlor, PCBs
or toxaphcne. In today's rule EPA will
approve Method 508.1 for measurement
of alachlor, atrazine, chlordane, endrin,
 heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide,
 hexachloro-benzene,
 hexachlorocyclopentadiene, lindane,
 methoxychlor, and simazine, which are
 regulated SOCs. It is also approved for
 aldrin, dieldrin, metolachlor,
 metribuzin, and propachlor, which are
 unregulated SOCs.
   Methods for Other Contaminants—In
 the 1993 proposal EPA provided
 guidance to systems that wish to
 measure chemicals that are not
 regulated, and need advice on what
 method to use. The guidance stated that
 "although EPA approves methods only
 for contaminants regulated under the
 Safe Drinking Water Act, the Agency
 encourages laboratories to use these
 methods for other contaminants if the
 method description specifically
 includes these contaminants." One
 commenter mistakenly believed that
 this eliminates the use of other methods
 or techniques, such  as test kits.
 Although EPA encourages laboratories
 to save money by  using a compliance
 method to measure all chemicals of
 interest that are in the analytical scope
 of the method, this does  not preclude
 systems from using other methods,
 including test kits, for samples other
 than compliance monitoring samples.
   EPA cautions users to carefully
 evaluate the performance of a method
 when using it for samples other than
 compliance monitoring samples or for
 contaminants not  regulated under the
 SDWA. For example, EDB and DBCP
 appear in the scope of EPA Methods
 504.1, 502.2, 524.2 and 551. However,
 Methods 502.2 and 524.2 are not
 approved for compliance analyses,
 because they do not  have the sensitivity
 to measure compliance with the EDB
 and DBCP MCLs.
   Methods Approval Process—Several
 commenters believe  that  the process of
 proposing and approving methods or
 method modifications will always be
 too slow to accommodate the technical
 and certification needs of the laboratory
 community. To solve this problem,
 commenters asked EPA to specify
 performance criteria in drinking water
 rules, or in the approved  methods. The
 purpose of this would be to allow
 laboratories to use any analytical
 method, provided  it met the mandatory
 criteria. EPA agrees that the present
 methods approval system is slow. To
 solve this problem, EPA and other
 organizations are seeking to consolidate
 methods across regulatory programs and
 media, and to write generic method
 performance criteria  (EPA, 1994g). A
 performance-based method system, as
suggested by commenters, might be part
of the final solution.  There are two
groups working on this problem. The
 groups are the Intergovernmental Task
 Force on Monitoring, and EPA's
 Environmental Monitoring Management
 Council. A recommendation of these
 groups may be for EPA to propose a new
 method approval and method-writing
 protocol. The protocol would be
 designed to expedite approval of
 drinking water method modifications
 while maintaining the degree of control
 needed to ensure effective enforcement
 of drinking water regulations.
   Field and Test Kits—Two commenters
 noted an omission in the rule text in the
 1993 proposal that appears to eliminate
 an important option. This option allows
 States to approve use of DPD
 colorimetric test kits for measurement of
 chlorine residuals. EPA did not intend
 to eliminate this option, and agrees the
 wording in the 1993 proposal (58 FR
 65631) may be misleading. Today's rule
 clearly allows use of the DPD kits,
 provided the State also approves use of
 the kits. This option is specified at 40
 CFR 141.74(a)(2).
   A commenter asked EPA to approve
 field kits for pH, and methods for
 continuous monitoring of pH and
 residual chlorine. EPA does not need to
 approve field methods for pH because
 currently, analysis with an approved pH
 method may be conducted in the field
 or in the laboratory. Regarding
 continuous monitoring methods, in
 today's rule, EPA provides criteria for
 continuous monitoring of chlorine
 residuals (40 CFR 141.74(a)(2)). Since
 EPA does not require continuous pH
 monitoring, EPA does not approve or
 disapprove methods for continuous
 measurement of pH.
  Turbidity—A commenter asked that
 turbidity measurements, which are
 specified in the drinking water
 regulations, be waived if no particulate
 or cloudiness is visible to the analyst.
 The present requirement is that
 turbidity be measured in all samples,
 and that digestion be performed if the
 turbidity is one NTU or greater. EPA
 cannot waive turbidity measurements
 on samples that appear to be clear,
 because samples with turbidity of up to
 three NTU can appear clear to the
 unaided eye.
  Corrosivity—One commenter noted
 the proposed rule made no reference to
 updating the methods for corrosivity in
 40 CFR 141.42(c). These methods were
 published in 1980 and 1982 (45 FR
 57346, August 27,1980 and 47 FR
 10999, March 12,1982). In the Lead and
Copper Rule (56 FR 26460, June 7,
 1991), EPA agreed that  corrosion control
strategies could be developed or
evaluated by measuring alkalinity and
other parameters  (56 FR 26489 and
26496). However, the Lead and Copper

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62464   Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 232 / Monday, December 5, 1994 / Rules and Regulations
Rule did not update or specify use of the
methods in 40 CFR 141.42(c). Instead,
more current methods were specified in
40 CFR 141.89(a) (56 FR 26509-26510).
In today's rule, EPA eliminates possible
confusion between the requirements in
40 CFR 141.89 and 141.42 by removing
subparagraphs 40 CFR 141.42(a)-(c).
  New Technologies—Comments were
received asking the Agency to evaluate
and develop methods based on new
technologies, such as bioassay, ELISA,
and capillary electrophoresis. The
Agency continues to incorporate new
technologies in methods, and
appreciates the many articles that were
sent to draw attention to new
technologies. In the last twenty years,
the Agency has aided the development
of the mass spectrometer into a
powerful and routine analytical
instrument. With suggestions from the
laboratory community (56 FR 3550,
January 30,1991), the Agency moved
from packed to capillary column gas
chromatographic technology, and
expects to adopt innovative procedures
and instruments in future methods.
   In the 1993 proposal, EPA  invited
public suggestions that EPA might
consider approving in this rule or in a
later rulemaking. This invitation was
not meant to imply that new methods or
method modifications submitted as
suggestions would or could bypass
requirements that are specified at 40
CFR 141.27. Some commenters __.,,
expressed interest in having their
method or instrumentation included in
EPA-approved methods. EPA suggests
that these commenters submit their data
to EPA's Alternative Test Procedures
 (ATP) program for evaluation. A method
 or instrument can be considered for
 approval by EPA after it has  received a
 favorable evaluation under the ATP
 program. A protocol for submitting ATP
 data is available from EPA (EPA, 1993c).
 V. Availability and Sources  for
 Methods Information
   Commenters requested help in
 obtaining copies of analytical methods
 cited in drinking water rules. Sources of
 all approved methods are contained in
 the References section of this rule.
 These methods are available for review
 but not distribution at the EPA Drinking
 Water Docket (MC 4101), 401 M Street
 SW., Washington, DC 20460. For access
 to the docket material, please call (202)
 260-3027 between 9 am and 3:30 pm,
 EST, Monday through Friday, excluding
 federal holidays. EPA only stocks or
 distributes copies of methods published
 by EPA. All other methods must be
 obtained from the publisher. Sources
 (with addresses) for all approved
 methods are cited at 40 CFR Parts 141
and 143, and in the References section
of today's rule. Most EPA methods and
the document, Technical Notes on
Drinking Water Methods, may be
purchased from the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS), U.S.
Department of Commerce, 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. The
toll-free number is: (800) 553-6847,
local: (703) 487-4650. Refer to the
drinking water rules or the References
section of this rule to  obtain the NTIS
order number and purchase
information, or contact the Safe
Drinking Water hotline. The hotline
operates from 9 a.m. and 5:30 p.m. EST,
Monday through Friday, excluding
federal holidays. The toll-free number is
(800) 426^1791. EPA  Methods 504.1,
508.1 and 525.2 are not published in an
NTIS manual. These methods may be
obtained directly from EPA,
Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory, Cincinnati,  OH 45268; the
phone number is (513) 569-7586. Since
Methods 150.1 (pH),  150.2 (pH) and
245.2 (mercury) are published in
"Methods for Chemical Analysis of
Water and Wastes" (EPA, 1983a),
owners of this EPA manual do not need
to reorder these methods.
   EPA believes most laboratories will
need only the more recently published
or approved methods that are listed in
today's rule. These methods (or
manuals) are as follows. Technical
Notes on Drinking Water Methods,
October 1994, NTIS PB95-104766; EPA
Method 508.1, "Determination of
Chlorinated Pesticides, Herbicides, and
Organohalides in Water Using Liquid-
Solid Extraction and Electron Capture
Gas Chromatography",  October 1994;
EPA Method 100.2, "Determination of
Asbestos Structures over lOum in
Length in Drinking Water", June 1994,
NTIS PB94- 201902; "Methods for the
Determination of Metals in
 Environmental Samples—Supplement
 I", May 1994, NTIS PB94-184942; EPA
 Method 525.2, "Determination of
 Organic Compounds in Drinking Water
 by Liquid-Solid Extraction in Capillary
 Column Gas Chromatography/Mass
 Spectrometry", March  1994; EPA
 Method 504.1, "1,2-Dibromoethane
 (EDB), l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
 (DBCP), and 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
 (123TCP) in Water by Microextraction
 and Gas Chromatography", 1993;
 "Methods for the Determination of
 Inorganic Substances in Environmental
 Samples", August 1993, NTIS PB91-
 231498; "Methods for the Determination
 of Organic Compounds in Drinking
 Water—Supplement H," August 1992,
 NTIS PB92- 207703; Standard Methods
 for the Examination  of Water and
Wastewater 18th Edition Supplement,
1994; Colisure, Millipore Corp., 1994;
and GLI Method 2, "Turbidity", Great
Lakes Instruments, Inc., November 2,
1992.
  The American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) annually reprints all
of the methods contained in the Annual
Book of ASTM Methods, even methods
that have not been editorially or
technically revised. Thus, it is
permissible to use any edition that
contains the EPA-approved version of
the compliance method. EPA notes that
Orion Method 601 "Standard Method of
Test for Nitrate in Drinking Water",
which is equivalent to SM 4500-NO3-D
(APHA, 1992), is identical to Orion
Method WeWWG/5880. Method
WeWWG/5880 is approved for nitrate
analysis. ATI Orion republished the
method in 1994 and renumbered it as
601, because the 1985 manual "Orion
Guide to Water and Wastewater
Analysis", which contained WeWWG/
5880, is no longer available. In today's
rule EPA cites WeWWG/5880 as 601 at
40CFR141.23(k)(l).
VI. Regulation Assessment
Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866
  Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR
51735, October 4,1993), the Agency
must determine whether the regulatory
action is "significant" and therefore
subject to OMB review and the
requirements of the Executive Order.
The Order defines "significant
regulatory action" as one that is likely
to result in a rule that may:
   (1) Have an annual effect on the
 economy of $100 million or more, or
 adversely affect in a material way the
 economy, a sector of the economy,
 productivity, competition, jobs, the
 environment, public health or safety, or
 State, local, or tribal governments or
 communities;
   (2) Create a serious inconsistency or
 otherwise interfere with an action taken
 or planned by another agency;
   (3) Materially alter the budgetary
 impact of entitlements, grants, user fees,
 or loan programs or the rights and
 obligations of recipients thereof; or
   (4) Raise novel legal or policy issues
 arising out of legal mandates, the
 President's priorities, or the principles
 set forth in the Executive Order.
   It has been determined that this rule
 is not a "significant regulatory action"
 under the terms of Executive Order
 12866 and is therefore not subject to
 OMB review.
 B. Regulatory Flexibility Act
   The Regulatory Flexibility Act
 requires EPA to explicitly consider the

-------
           Federal Register / Vol. 59,  No.  232  /  Monday, December 5, 1994  /  Rules  and  Regulations   62465
 effect of these regulations on small
 entities. By policy, EPA has decided to
 consider regulatory alternatives if there
 is any economic impact on any number
 of small entities.
   This rule is consistent with the
 objectives of the Regulatory Flexibility
 Act because it will not have any
 economic impact on any small entities.
 This rule specifies analytical methods
 that laboratories must use for testing
 regulated drinking water contaminants.
 Monitoring requirements were
 promulgated in earlier notices. The rule
 would require laboratories to use the
 most recent version of a method and
 imposes no additional requirements. It
 is actually expected to reduce cost of
 analysis by eliminating current
 requirements to use different versions of
 the same method, and by allowing more
 contaminants to be analyzed
 simultaneously by using a single
 method. Therefore, the Agency believes
 that this notice would have no adverse
 effect  on any number of small entities.
 C. Papenvork Reduction Act

  The rule contains no requests for
 information and consequently is not
 subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act,
 44U.S.C. 350letseq.
 D. Science Advisory Board, National
 Drinking Water Advisory Council, and
 Secretary of Health and Human Services

  In accordance with section 1412(d)
 and (e) of the SDWA, the Agency
 consulted with the Science Advisory
 Board, the National Drinking Water
 Advisory Council, and the Secretary of
 Health and Human Services on this
 action and took their comments into
 account.
 VII. References
 APHA. 1992. Eighteenth edition of Standard
  Methods for the Examination  of Water and
  Wastewater, 1992, American Public Health
  Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW,
  Washington, D.C. 20005.
 APHA. 1904. Method 6610 "Carbamate
    Pesticides" in Standard Methods for the
    Examination of Water and Wastewater,
    18th Edition Supplement, 1994,
    American Public Health Association,
    1015 Fifteenth Street NW, Washington,
    D.C 20005. APHA.
 ASTM. 1994. Annual Book ofASTM
    Methods, 1994, Vol. 11.01 and 11.02,
    American Society for Testing and
    Materials, 1916 Race Street,
    Philadelphia, PA 19103.
Bionclics. Report from Kenneth W. Edgell, et
    ol., "Determination of Inorganic Anions
    in Water by Ion Chromatography:
    Collaborative  Study", Bionetics Corp., 16
   Triangle Park Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio
   45246,1991.
 Broadway, S., B. Pyle, G. McFeters. 1992.
     Final report of equivalency testing for
     Colisure. Montana State University,
     Bozeman, MT.
 Eaton. 1993a. Letter from Andrew D. Eaton,
     Standard Methods Committee, "Error in
     4500-C1 E", American Public Health
     Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW,
     Washington, D.C. 20005, June 4,1993.
 Eaton. 1993b. Letter from Andrew D. Eaton,
     Standard Methods Committee, "Inquiry
     on Chlorine Residual 4500-C1 (18th
     Edition)", American Public Health
     Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW,
     Washington, D.C. 20005, October 26,
     1993.
 EPA. 1974. Method 245.2, "Mercury,
     Automated Cold Vapor Technique",
     EPA, Environmental Monitoring Systems
     Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268,1974.
     Also contained in reference EPA, 1983a.
 EPA. 1978. Method 150.1, "pH,
     Electrometric", EPA, Environmental
     Monitoring Systems Laboratory,
     Cincinnati, OH 45268,1978. Also
     contained in reference EPA, 1983a.
 EPA. 1982. Method 150.2, "pH Continuous
     Monitoring, Electro-metric", EPA,
     Environmental Monitoring Systems
     Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268,
     December 1982. Also contained in
     reference EPA, 1983a.
 EPA. 1983a. "Methods for Chemical Analysis
     of Water and Wastes", EPA, March 1983,
     NTIS PB84-128677.
 EPA. 1983b. Method 100.1, "Analytical
     Method for the Determination of
     Asbestos Fibers in Water", September
     1983, NTIS PB83-260471.
 EPA. 1990a. "Methods for the Determination
     of Organic Compounds in Drinking
     Water—Supplement I", July 1990, NTIS
     PB91-146027.
 EPA. 1990b. Manual for the Certification  of
     Laboratories Analyzing Drinking Water,
    Third Edition, Office of Water Resource
     Center (RC-4100), 401 M.  Street S.W.,
    Washington, D.C. 20460, EPA 570-9-90-
     008, April 1990.
 EPA. 1991. "Methods for the Determination
    of Organic Compounds in  Drinking
    Water", December 1988, revised July
    1991, NTIS PB91-231480.
 EPA. 1992a. Memorandum from Richard L.
    Carr, "Second Laboratory Validation  of
    Method 555", December 10,1992, U.S.
    Environmental Protection Agency.
 EPA. 1992b. "Methods for the Determination
    of Organic Compounds in Drinking
    Water—Supplement II," August 1992,
    NTIS PB92-207703.
 EPA. 1993a. "Methods for the Determination
    of Inorganic Substances in
    Environmental Samples", August 1993,
    NTIS PB94-121811.
EPA. 1993b. Memorandum from James R.
    Elder, "Detection Limits in Compliance
    Monitoring", December 16,1993, U.S.
    Environmental Protection Agency.
EPA. 1993c. "Protocol for Nationwide
    Approval of New or Revised Methods",
    Rev. 1.4, EPA, Environmental
    Monitoring Systems Laboratory,
    Cincinnati, OH 45268, July 14,1993.
 EPA. 1993d. Method 504.1, "1,2-
     Dibromoethane (EDB),'l,2-Dibromo-3-
     chloropropane (DBCP), and 1,2,3-
     Trichloropropane (123TCP) in Water by
     Microextraction and Gas
     Chromatography", EPA, Environmental
     Monitoring Systems Laboratory,
     Cincinnati, OH 45268,1993.
 EPA. 1994a. "Methods for the Determination
     of Metals in Environmental Samples—
     Supplement I", May 1994,  NTIS PB94-
     184942.
 EPA. 1994b. Method 525.2, Rev. 1.0,
     "Determination of Organic  Compounds
     in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid
     Extraction in Capillary Column Gas
     Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry",
     EPA, Environmental Monitoring Systems
     Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, March
     1994.
 EPA. 1994c. Method 508.1, Rev. 1.0,
     "Determination of Chlorinated
     Pesticides, Herbicides, and
     Organohalides by Liquid-Solid
     Extraction and Electron Capture Gas
     Chromatography", EPA, Environmental
     Monitoring Systems Laboratory,
     Cincinnati, OH 45268,1994.
 EPA. 1994d. Technical Notes on Drinking
     Water Methods, EPA-600/R-94-173,
     October 1994, NTIS PB95-104766.
 EPA. 1994e. "Response to Comments on
     December 15,1993, Analytical Methods
     Proposal, 58 FR 65622", Office of Water
     Docket (MC 4601), 401 M. St. S.W.,
     Washington, D.C. 20460, October 1994.
 EPA. 1994f. Memorandum from Mary Ann
     Feige, et al., "Detection Limits in the
     Regulations", March 11,1994, U.S.
     Environmental Protection Agency.
 EPA. 1994g. Memorandum from Robert M.
     Sussman, "EMMC Activities", May 13,
     1994, U.S. Environmental Protection
     Agency.
 EPA. 1994h. Method 100.2, "Determination
     of Asbestos Structures over lOjun in
     Length in Drinking Water", June 1994,
    NTIS PB94-201902.
 EPA. 1994i. Method 1613: "Tetra-through
    Octa-Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by
    Isotope-Dilution HRGC/HRMS", October
    1994, NTIS PB95-104774.
 Great Lakes. GLI Method 2, "Turbidity",
    Great Lakes Instruments, Inc., 8855
    North 55th Street, Milwaukee, WI53223,
    November 2, 1992.
 Lyter. Letter from P. Ted Lyter, Dept. of
    Environmental Resources,
    Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, P.O.
    Box 1467, Harrisburg, PA 17105-1467,
    January 12,1994.
 Millipore. "Waters Test Method for
    Determination of Nitrite/Nitrate in Water
    Using Single Column Ion
    Chromatography", Method B-1011,
    Millipore Corporation, Waters
    Chromatography Division, 34 Maple
    Street, Milford, MA 01757.
Millipore. 1994. Colisure Presence/Absence
    Test for Detection and Identification of
    Coliform Bacteria and Escherichia coli in
    Drinking Water. February 28,1994.
    Millipore Corp., Technical Services
    Department, 80 Ashby Road, Bedford,
    MA 01730.

-------
62466   Federal Register / Vol.  59, No.  232 / Monday,  December 5,  1994  / Rules  and Regulations
Orion. Technical Bulletin 601, "Standard
    Method of Test for Nitrate in Drinking
    Water", PN 221890-001, ATI Orion, 529
    Main Street, Boston, MA 02129, July
    1994.
Technicon. 1972. Industrial Method No. 129-
    71W, "Fluoride in Water and
    Wastewater", Technicon Industrial
    Systems, Tarrytown, NY 10591,
    December 1972.
Technicon. 1989. Method No. 380-75WE,
    "Fluoride in Water and Wastewater",
    Technicon Industrial Systems,
    Tarrytown, NY 10591, February 1976.
USGS. 1989. Methods 1-3720-85,1-3300-85,
    1-1030-85,1-1601-85,1-2598-85,1-
    1700-85 and 1-2700-85 in Techniques of
    Water Resources Investigations of the
    U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter
    A—1, 3rd ed., U.S. Geological Survey,
    Books and Open File Reports Section,
    Box 25425, Federal Center, Denver, CO
    80225-0425, 1989.
USGS. 1993. Method 1-2601-90 in Methods
    of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey
    National Water Quality Laboratory—
    Determination of Inorganic and Organic
    Constituents in Water and Fluvial
    Sediments, Open File Report 93-125,
    U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open
    File Reports Section, Box 25425, Federal
    Center, Denver, CO 80225-0425,1993.

List of Subjects

40 CFR Part 141

  Environmental Protection, Chemicals,
Incorporation by reference,
Intergovernmental relations, Water
supply.

40 CFR Part 143

  Chemicals, Incorporation by
reference, Intergovernmental relations,
Water supply.
  Dated: November 25,1994.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.
  For the reasons set out in the
preamble, parts 141 and 143 of title 40,
Code of Federal Regulations, are
amended as follows:

PART 141—NATIONAL PRIMARY
DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS

  1. The authority citation for part 141
continues to read as follows:
  Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300f, 300g-l, 300g-2
300g-3, 300g-4, 300g-5, 300g-6, SOOj^i,
300J-9.

  2. Section 141.21 is amended by
revising paragraph (f)(3), removing and
reserving (f)(4), revising the next to last
sentence of (f)(5), revising the second
sentence of (f](6)(i), revising the second
sentence of (f)(6)(ii), Adding (F)(6)(iv),
and adding a new sentence as the next
to last sentence in (f)(8) to read as
follows:
§ 141.21   Coliform sampling.
*****
  (fj***
  (3) Public water systems must
conduct total coliform analyses in
accordance with one of the analytical
methods in the following table. These
methods are contained in the 18th
edition of Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater,
1992, American Public Health
Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW.,
Washington, DC 20005. A description of
the Colisure Test may be obtained from
the Millipore Corporation, Technical
Services Department, 80 Ashby Road,
Bedford, MA 01730. The toll-free phone
number is (800) 645-5476.
Orga-
nism
Total
Coli-
forms1.






Methodology
Total Coliform
Fermentation
Technique 2-3-*.
Total Coliform
Membrane Fil-
ter Technique.
Presence-Ab-
sence (P-A)
Coliform Test4-5.
ONPG-MUG
Test6.
Colisure Test7.
Citation
9221 A, B.

9222A, B, C.

9221 D.

9223.


  1The time from  sample collection to initi-
ation of analysis may not exceed 30 hours.
  2 Lactose broth, as commercially available,
may be used in lieu of lauryl tryptose broth, if
the system conducts at least 25 parallel tests
between this medium and lauryl tryptose broth
using the water normally tested, and this com-
parison demonstrates  that  the false-positive
rate for total coliforms, using lactose broth, is
less than 10 percent.
  3 If inverted  tubes are  used  to detect gas
production,  the  media should cover  these
tubes at least one-half to two-thirds after the
sample is added.
  4 No  requirement exists to run the com-
pleted phase on 10 percent of all total coli-
form-positive confirmed tubes.
  5 Six-times formulation  strength  may  be
used if the medium  is filter-sterilized  rather
than autoclaved.
  6 The ONPG-MUG  Test is also known as
the Autoanalysis Colilert System.
  7 The Colisure Test  must be incubated for
28 hours  before examining the results. If an
examination of the  results at 28 hours  is not
convenient, then results may be examined at
any time between 28 hours and 48 hours.
  (4) [Reserved]
  (5)* * * The preparation of EC
medium is described in the 18th edition
of Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater,
1992, Method 9221E—p. 9-52,
paragraph la. * * *
  (6)* * *
  (i) * * * EC medium is described in
the 18th edition of Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 1992, Method 9221E—p. 9-
52, paragraph la. *  * *
  (ii) *  * * Nutrient Agar is described
in the 18th edition of Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 1992, p. 9-47 to 9-48.
  (iii)*  *  *
  (iv) The Colisure Test. A description
of the Colisure Test may be obtained
from the Millipore Corporation,
Technical Services Department, 80
Ashby Road, Bedford, MA 01730.
*****
  (8) *  * * A description of the
Colisure Test may be obtained from the
Millipore Corp., Technical Services
Department, 80 Ashby Road, Bedford,
MA 01730.  *  *  *
*****
  3. Section 141.22(a) is amended by
removing the next to last sentence and
revising the last sentence to read as
follows:

§ 141.22  Turbidity sampling and analytical
.requirements.
*****
   (a) *  * * Turbidity measurements
shall be made as directed in
§ 141.74(a)(l).
*****
  4. Section 141.23 is amended by
removing paragraph (k)(2) and
redesignating paragraph (k)(4) as (k)(2),
by removing paragraph (k)(3) and
redesignating paragraph (k)(5) as (k)(3),
by removing and reserving paragraph
(q), and revising paragraph (k)(l) to read
as follows:

§ 141.23  Inorganic chemical sampling and
analytical requirements.
*****
   (k) *  * *
   (1) Analysis for the following
contaminants shall be conducted in
accordance with the methods in the
following Table, or their equivalent as
determined by EPA. Criteria for
analyzing arsenic, barium, beryllium,
cadmium, calcium, chromium, copper,
lead, nickel, selenium, sodium, and
thallium with digestion or directly
without digestion, and other analytical
test procedures are contained in
Technical Notes on Drinking Water
Methods, EPA-600/R-94-173, October
1994. This document also contains
approved analytical test methods which
remain available for compliance
monitoring until July 1,1996. These
methods will not be available for use
after July 1,1996. This document is
available from the National Technical
Information Service, NTIS PB95-
104766, U.S. Department of Commerce,
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,
Virginia 22161. The toll-free number is
800-553-6847.

-------
Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 232 / Monday, December 5, 1994 / Rules and Regulations  62467
Contaminant
Antimony 	



Arsento 	 	 	




Asbestos 	

Barium 	



Beryllium 	



Cadmium 	



Chromium 	



Cyanide 	




Fluoride 	




Mercury 	


Nickel 	




Nitrate 	



Nitrite 	



Selenium 	



ThaMum 	

Lead 	


Cooper 	




pH „ 	

Conductivity 	 	
Calcium 	


Alkalinity 	
Methodology
ICP-Mass Spectrometry 	 	 	
Hydride-Atomic Absorption 	
Atomic Absorption; Platform 	
Atomic Absorption; Furnace 	
Inductively Coupled Plasma 	
ICP-Mass Spectrometry 	
Atomic Absorption; Platform 	
Atomic Absorption; Furnace 	
Hydride Atomic Absorption 	
Transmission Electron Microscopy 	
Transmission Electron Microscopy 	
Inductively Coupled Plasma 	
ICP-Mass Spectrometry 	
Atomic Absorption; Direct 	
Atomic Absorption; Furnace 	
Inductively Coupled Plasma 	
ICP-Mass Spectrometry 	
Atomic Absorption; Platform 	
Atomic Absorption; Furnace 	
Inductively Coupled Plasma 	
ICP-Mass Spectrometry 	
Atomic Absorption; Platform 	
Atomic Absorption; Furnace 	
Inductively Coupled Plasma 	
ICP-Mass Spectrometry 	
Atomic Absorption; Platform 	
Atomic Absorption; Furnace 	
Manual Distillation followed by 	
Spectrophotometric, Amenable 	
Spectrophotometric Manual 	
Semi-automated 	
Selective Electrode 	
Ion Chromatography 	
Manual Distill.; Color. SPADNS 	
Manual Electrode 	
Automated Electrode 	
Automated Alizarin 	
Manual, Cold Vapor 	
Automated, Cold Vapor 	
ICP-Mass Spectrometry 	
Inductively Coupled Plasma 	
ICP-Mass Spectrometry 	
Atomic Absorption; Platform 	
Atomic Absorption; Direct 	
Atomic Absorption; Furnace 	
Ion Chromatography 	
Automated Cadmium Reduction 	
Ion Selective Electrode 	
Manual Cadmium Reduction 	
Ion Chromatography 	
Automated Cadmium Reduction
Manual Cadmium Reduction 	
Spectrophotometric 	
Hydride-Atomic Absorption 	
ICP-Mass Spectrometry 	
Atomic Absorption; Platform 	
Atomic Absorption; Furnace 	
ICP-Mass Spectrometry 	
Atomic Absorption; Platform 	
Atomic absorption; furnace 	
CP-Mass Spectrometry 	
Atomic absorption; platform 	
Atomic absorption; furnace 	
Atomic absorption; direct aspiration 	
CP 	
CP-Mass Spectrometry 	
Atomic absorption; platform 	
Electrometric 	

Conductance 	
EDTA titrimetric 	
Atomic absorption; direct aspiration 	
nductively-coupled plasma 	
Titrimetric 	
EPA
22008

2 200 9

2 200 7
22008
2 200 9


9-]00 1
10 100 2
22007
2 200 8


22007
22008
22009

22007
22008
22009

2200 7
2 200 8
2 200 9




6 335 4

6 3000




2 245 1
12452
2 200 8
22007
22008
22009


6 3000
6 353 2


6 300 0
6 353 2



22008
22009

22008
22009

2 200 8
22009


2200 7
22008
22009
1 -(50 1
1 1502



22007

ASTM3

D-3697-92





D-2972-93C
D 2972 93B









D— 3645— 93B









D2036-91 B
D2036— 91 A


04327 91

D1179 93B


D3223-91







D4327 91
D3867 90A

D3867-90B
D4327 91
D3867 90A
D3867 90B

D3859 93A


D3859 93B


D3559 90D


D1688— 90C
D1688-90A



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D1 125-91 A
D51 1-93A
D511-93B

D1067-92B
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4500— CN C
4500CN G
4^nO— PM F

4500CN F
411 OR
4500F B D
4500F— C

4500F E
3112B


3120B


311 1B
3113B
411 OB
4500— NOs F
4^00— wn^ n
4500— NOs E
411 OR
4^nri— wo F
4Rnn— wn, F
4500— NO2 B
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s Ft— inn

7fifl1

8R_1 n-i H


























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62468   Federal Register / Vol.  59, No.  232  /  Monday, December  5,  1994  / Rules and Regulations

Contaminant


phate12.




Silica






Tsmperature



Methodology

Colorimetric automated ascorbic acid
Colorimetric ascorbic acid single reagent


automated discrete - -
Ion Chromatography 	 	 	
Colorimetric molybdate blue* 	

Colorimetric 	
Molybdosilicate 	
Heteropoly blu6 	
Automated method for molybdate-reactive silica
Inductively-coupled plasma 	
Thermometric 	
Inductively-coupled plasma 	
Atomic Absorotion: direct asoiration 	

EPA

6 365.1




6 300.0






2200.7

2 200.7


ASTM3


D515-88A



D4327-91


D859-88








SM4

4500-P-F.
4500-P-E.



4110.



4500-Si-D.
4500-Si-E.
4500-Si-F.
3120B.
2550B.

3111B.

Other
5 1-1 030-85


5 1-1 601 -85
5 1-2601-90
si-2598-85

5l-1700-85
sl-2700-85








  FOOTNOTES:
  1 Methods 150 1  150.2 and 245.2 are available from US EPA, EMSL, Cincinnati, OH 45268. The identical methods were formerly in "Methods
for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes", EPA-600/4-79-020, March 1983, which is available at NTIS, PB84-128677.
  2 "Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples—Supplement  I", EPA-600/R-94-111, May 1994. Available at NTIS, PB
94-184942.
  3 The procedures shall be done in  accordance with the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1994, Vols. 11.01  and 11.02, American Society for
Testing and Materials. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in  accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a)
and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies may be  obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916  Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.
Copies may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460; or at the  Office of the Federal Register,
800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC.
  4 The procedures shall be done in accordance with the 18th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992,
American Public Health Association. This incorporation by reference was approved  by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5
DSC 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies may be  obtained from the American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW, Washington,
DC 20005. Copies may be inspected at EPA's  Drinking Water Docket, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460; or at the Office of the Federal
Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC.
  5 Available from Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225-^0425.
  6 "Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples", EPA-600/R-93-100, August 1993. Available at NTIS,
PB94-121811.
  7 The  procedure  shall be done in accordance with the Technical Bulletin 601 "Standard Method of Test for Nitrate in Drinking  Water", July
1994  PN 221890-001, Analytical Technology, Inc. This incorporation by reference  was approved by  the Director of the Federal Register in ac-
cordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1  CFR Part 51. Copies may be obtained from ATI Orion, 529 Main Street, Boston, MA 02129. Copies may be
inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460; or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Cap-
itol Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC.
  8 Method B-1011, "Waters Test  Method for Determination of Nitrite/Nitrate in Water Using Single Column Ion Chromatography", Millipore Cor-
poration, Waters Chromatography Division, 34  Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757.
  9 Method 100.1, "Analytical Method For Determination of Asbestos Fibers in Water", EPA-600/4-83-043, EPA, September 1983. Available at
NTIS, PB83-260471.
  10Method 100.2, "Determination Of Asbestos Structure Over 10-nm In Length In Drinking Water",  EPA-600/R-94-134, June 1994. Available
at NTIS, PB94-201902.
  11 The procedures  shall be done in  accordance with the  Industrial Method No.  129-71W, "Fluoride in Water and Wastewater",  December
1972 and Method No. 380-75WE, "Fluoride in Water and Wastewater", February 1976, Technicon Industrial Systems. This  incorporation by ref-
erence was approved by the  Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies may be obtained
from the Technicon Industrial Systems, Tarrytown, NY  10591. Copies may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket,  401 M Street, SW.,
Washington, DC 20460; or at the Office of Federal Register, 800 Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC.
   12Unfiltered,  no digestion or hydrolysis.
   (q) [Reserved]
   5. Section 141.24 is amended by
 removing and reserving paragraphs
 (f)(16), and (h)(12), adding paragraphs
 (e), reviewing paragraph (h)(13),
 introductory text, and paragraph
 (h)(13)(i) to read as follows:

 § 141.24  Organic chemicals other than
 total trihalomethanes, sampling and
 analytical requirements.
 *****
   (e) Analyses for the contaminants in
 this section shall he conducted using
 the following EPA methods or their
 equivalent as approved by EPA.
 Methods 502.2, 505, 507, 508, 508A,
 515.1 and 531.1 are in Methods for the
 Determination of Organic Compounds
in Drinking Water, EPA-600/4-88-039,
December 1988, Revised, July 1991.
Methods 506, 547, 550, 550.1 and 551
are in Methods for the Determination of
Organic Compounds in Drinking
Water—Supplement I, EPA-600-4-90-
020, July 1990. Methods 515.2, 524.2,
548.1, 549.1, 552.1 and 555 are in
Methods for the Determination of
Organic Compounds in Drinking
Water—Supplement II, EPA-600/R-92-
129, August 1992. Method 1613 is titled
"Tetra-through Octa-Chlorinated
Dioxins and Furans  by Isotope-Dilution
HRGC/HRMS", EPA-821-B-94-005,
October 1994. These documents are
available from the National Technical
Information Service, NTIS PB91-
231480, PB91-146027, PB92-207703
and PB95-104774, U.S. Department of
Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, Virginia 22161. The toll-
free number is 800-553-6847. Method
6651 shall be followed in accordance
with the 18th edition of Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater, 1992, American Public
Health Association.  This incorporation
by reference was approved by the
Director of the Federal Register in
accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1
CFR Part 51. Copies may be obtained
from the American Public Health
Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW.,
Washington, DC 20005. Copies may be
inspected at EPA's Drinking Water
Docket, 401 M Street, SW., Washington,
DC 20460; or at the Office of the Federal

-------
          Federal Register / Vol.  59, No. 232 / Monday, December 5,  1994  /  Rules and Regulations   62469
Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW.,
Suite 700, Washington, DC. Method
6610 shall be followed in accordance
with the Supplement to the 18th edition
of Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater,
1994, American Public Health
Association. This incorporation by
reference was approved by the Director
of the Federal Register in accordance
with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1CFR Part 51.
Copies may be obtained from the
American Public Health Association,
1015 Fifteenth Street NW., Washington,
DC 20005. Copies may be inspected at
EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401M
Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460; or
at the Office of the Federal Register, 800
North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700,  -
Washington, DC. Other analytical test
procedures are contained in Technical
Notes on Drinking Water Methods, EPA-
GOO/R-94-173, October 1994, NTIS
PB95-104766. This document also
contains approved analytical methods
which remain available for compliance
monitoring until July 1,1996. These
methods will not be available for use
after July 1,1996. EPA Methods 504.1,
508.1 and 525.2 are available from US
EPA EMSL, Cincinnati, OH 45268. The
phone number is 513-569-7586.
Contaminant
Benzene 	
Carbon tetrachloride
Chtorobenzene 	
1 ,2-Dichlojobenzene
1,4-DtohlOfobenzene
1,2-DtcWoroothane ....
cis-Dichlofoethylene ..
trans-
DicWoroethylene.
Dfchtoromethane 	
1,2-Dichloropropane .
Ethytoonzena 	
Styrena 	
Tetrachtoroethylene ..
1,1,1 -Trichtoroethane
Trichtoroethylene 	
Toluene 	
1.2,4-
Trfchtorobenzene.
1,1-DfcWofoethylene .
1 ,1 ^-Trichtoroethane
VlnyJ chtorida 	
Xyfeoes (total) 	
2,3,7.8-TCOO (dioxin)
2,4-D 	
2.4.5-TP (Silvex) 	
Atachtor 	
AtrazJna 	
Beitto(a)pyrene 	
Carbofuran 	
Chtordane 	
Dalapon 	 ,
Dt(2-elhylhexyl) adi-
pate.
Method
502.2, 524.2.
502.2,524.2,551.
502.2. 524.2.
502.2, 524.2.
502.2, 524.2.
502.2, 524.2.
502.2, 524.2.
502.2, 524.2.
502.2, 524.2.
502.2, 524.2.
502.2, 524.2.
502.2, 524.2.
502.2,524.2,551.
502.2, 524.2, 551.
502.2,524.2,551.
5022 5242
502.2, 524.2.
502.2, 524.2.
502.2, 524.2.
502.2, 524.2.
502.2, 524.2.
1613.
5152 555 515 1
515.2,555,515.1.
505' ,507, 525.2,
508.1.
505 ' 507 5252
508.1.
525.2,550,550.1.
531.1,6610.
505, 508, 525.2,
508.1.
552 1 515 1
506, 525.2.
    Contaminant
Di(2-ethylhexyl)
  phthalate.
Dibromochloro-
  propane (DBCP).
Dinoseb	,
Diquat	,
Endothall	
Endrin	,
Ethylene dibromide
  (EDB).
Glyphosate	
Heptachlor	
Heptachlor Epoxide ..

Hexachlorobenzene ..

Hexachlorocyclopent-
  adiene.
Lindane  	
Methoxychlor.
Oxamyl	
PCBs2 (as decachlc-
  robiphenyl).
  (asAroclors) 	
Pentachlorophenol ....
Picloram .
Simazine
                                       Toxaphene 	
                                       Total
                                         Trihalomethanes.
                          Method
506, 525.2.

504.1,551.

515.2,555,515.1.
549.1.
548.1.
505, 508, 525.2,
  508.1.
504.1,551.

547,6651.
505, 508, 525.2,
  508.1.
505, 508, 525.2,
  508.1.
505, 508, 525.2,
  508.1.
505, 525.2, 508,
  508.1.
505, 508, 525.2,
  508.1.
505, 508, 525.2,
  508.1.
531.1,6610.
508A.

505, 508.
515.2, 525.2, 555,
  515.1.
515.2,555,515.1.
5051, 507, 525.2,
  508.1.
505, 508, 525.2.
502.2,524.2,551.
                                         1A nitrogen-phosphorous detector should be
                                       substituted for the electron capture detector in
                                       Method 505 (or another approved method
                                       should  be  used)  to  determine alachlor,
                                       atrazine and simazine, if lower detection limits
                                       are required.
                                         2 PCBs   are  qualitatively  identified  as
                                       Aroclors and measured for  compliance pur-
                                       poses as decachlorobiphenyl.
                                         (h)* * *
                                         (12) (Reserved)
                                         (13) Analysis for PCBs shall be
                                       conducted as follows using the methods
                                       in paragraph (e) of this section:
                                         (i) Each system which monitors for
                                       PCBs shall analyze each sample using
                                       either Method 505 or Method 508.
                                       *****

                                         6. Section 141.30 is amended by
                                       revising paragraph (e) and by removing
                                       removing Appendix A, Appendix B, and
                                       Appendix C to read as follows:

                                       §141.30  Total trihalomethane sampling,
                                       analytical and other requirements.
                                       *****

                                         (e) Sampling and analyses made
                                       pursuant to this section shall be
                                       conducted by the total trihalomethane
                                       methods as directed in § 141.24(e), and
                                       in Technical Notes on Drinking Water
                                       Methods, EPA-600/R-94-173, October
 1994, which is available at NTIS, PB95-
 104766.
 *****
   7. Section 141.40 is amended by
 revising paragraphs (g), (n)(ll), and
 (n)(12) to read as follows:

 § 141.40  Special monitoring for inorganic
 and organic chemicals.
 *****
   (g) Analysis for the unregulated
 contaminants listed under paragraphs
 (e) and  (j) of this section shall be
 conducted using EPA Methods 502.2 or
 524.2, or their equivalent as determined
 by EPA, except analysis for
 bromodichloromethane, bromoform,
 chlorodibromomethane and chloroform
 under paragraph (e) of this section also
 may be conducted by EPA Method 551,
 and analysis for 1,2,3-trichloropropane
 also may be conducted by EPA Method
 504.1. A source for the EPA methods is
 referenced at § 141.24(e).
 *****
   (n) * * *
   (11) Systems shall monitor for the
 unregulated organic contaminants listed
 below, using the method(s) identified
 below and using the analytical test
 procedures contained in Technical
 Notes on Drinking Water Methods, EPA-
 600/R-94-173, October 1994, which is
 available at  NTIS, PB95-104766.
 Method 6610 shall be followed in
 accordance with the Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and
 Wastewater 18th Edition Supplement,
 1994, American Public Health
 Association. This incorporation by
 reference was  approved by the Director
 of the Federal Register in accordance
 with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51.
 Copies may  be obtained from the
American Public Health Association,
 1015 Fifteenth Street NW,  Washington,
DC 20005. Copies may be inspected at
EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M
 Street, SW.,  Washington, DC 20460; or
at the Office of the Federal Register, 800
North Capitol  Street, NW., Suite 700,
Washington, DC. A source for EPA
methods 505, 507, 508, 508.1, 515.2,
525.2 and 531.1 is referenced at
§ 141.24(e).
                                          Contaminants
                                       aldicarb 	
                                       aldicarb sulfone ...
                                       aldicarb sulfoxide
                                       aldrin 	
                                       butachlor
                                       carbaryl ..
                                       dicamba  .
                                       dieldrin ...
                                       3-hydroxycarbofuran
                                       methomyl 	
                                                                Method
                                       531.1, 6610.
                                       531.1,6610.
                                       531.1,6610.
                                       505, 508, 525.2,
                                        508.1.
                                       507, 525.2.
                                       531.1,6610.
                                       515.2,555,515.1.
                                       505, 508, 525.2,
                                        508.1.
                                       531.1,6610.
                                       531.1,6610.

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62470   Federal Register / Vol.  59,  No. 232 / Monday, December 5, 1994  / Rules and Regulations
Contaminants
metolachlor 	
metribuzin 	
orooachlor 	
Method
507, 525.2, 508.1.
507,525.2,508.1.
508.525.2,508.1.
  (12) Systems shall monitor for sulfate,
an unregulated inorganic contaminant,
by using the methods listed at
§143.4[b).
*****
  8. Section 141.41 is amended by
revising paragraph (d) to read as
follows:

§ 141.41  Special monitoring for sodium.
*****
  (d) Analyses for sodium shall be
conducted as directed in § 141.23(k)(l).
  9. Section 141.42 is amended by
removing and reserving paragraphs (a)
through (c).
  10. Section 141.74 is amended by
revising paragraphs (a)(l) and (a)(2), and
removing paragraphs (a)(3) through
(a)(7) to read as follows:

§ 141.74  Analytical and monitoring
requirements.
  (a)  * * *
  (1) Public water systems must
conduct analysis of pH  in accordance
with one of the methods listed at
§ 141.23(k)(l). Public water systems
must conduct analyses of total
coliforms, fecal coliforms, heterotrophic
bacteria, turbidity, and temperature in
accordance with one of the following
analytical methods and by using
analytical test procedures contained in
Technical Notes on Drinking Water
Methods, EPA-600/R-94-173, October
1994, which is available at NTIS PB95-
104766.
Orga-
nism
Total
Coli-
forms.




Fecal
Coli-
forms.




Heterot-
rophic
bac-
teria2.
Turbid-
ity.
Methodology
Total Coliform
Fermentation
Technique/
3,4,5/.
Total Coliform
Membrane
Filter Tech-
nique.
ONPG-MUG
Test6.
Fecal Coliform
MPN Proce-
dure7.
Fecal Coliforms
Membrane
Filter Proce-
dure.
Pour Plate
Method.

Nephelometric
Method.
Citation 1
9221 A,

9222A,


9223

9221 E


9222D



921 5B


21 SOB
B, C

B, C















Orga-
nism
Tem-
pera-
ture.
Methodology
Nephelometric
Method.
Great Lakes In-
struments.

Citation 1
180.18
Method 29
2550

                                                                               measurement at least every five days, or
                                                                               with a protocol approved by the State.
  FOOTNOTES:
  1 Except where noted, all methods refer to
the 18th edition of Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992,
American Public Health Association,  1015 Fif-
teenth Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20005.
  2 The time from sample collection to  initi-
ation of analysis may not exceed 8 hours.
  3 Lactose  broth, as commercially available,
may be used in lieu of lauryl tryptose broth, if
the system conducts at least 25 parallel tests
between this medium and lauryl tryptose broth
using the water normally tested, and this com-
parison demonstrates that the false-positive
rate for total coliforms, using lactose broth,  is
less than 10 percent.
  4 Media should cover inverted tubes at least
one-half to  two-thirds after the sample  is
added.
  5 No  requirement  exists to run the  com-
pleted phase on 10 percent of all total  coli-
form-positive confirmed tubes.
  6 The ONPG-MUG Test is also known as
the Autoanalysis Colilert System.
  7A-1 Broth may be held up to three months
in a tightly closed screwcap tube at 4°C.
  8 "Methods for the Determination  of  Inor-
ganic Substances in Environmental Samples",
EPA-600/R-93-100, August 1993.  Available
atNTIS, PB94-121811.
  9GLI Method 2, "Turbidity", November  2,
1992,  Great Lakes Instruments, Inc.,  8855
North   55th  Street,  Milwaukee, Wisconsin
53223.

  (2) Public water systems must
measure residual disinfectant
concentrations with one of the
analytical methods in the following
table. The methods are contained in the
18th edition  of Standard Methods for
the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,  1992. Other analytical test
procedures are contained in Technical
Notes on Drinking Water Methods, EPA-
600/R-94-173, October 1994, which is
available at NTIS PB95-104766. If
approved by the State, residual
disinfectant concentrations for free
chlorine and combined chlorine also
may be measured by using DPD
colorimetric  test kits. Free and total
chlorine residuals may be measured
continuously by adapting a specified
chlorine residual method for use with a
continuous monitoring instrument
provided the chemistry, accuracy, and
precision remain same. Instruments
used for continuous monitoring must be
calibrated  with a grab sample
Resid-
ual
Free
Chlo-
rine.






Total
Chlo-
rine.










Chlorine
Diox-
ide.



Ozone .
Methodology
Amperometric
Titration.

DPD Ferrous
Titrimetric.
DPD Colori-
metric.
Syringaldazine
(FACTS).
Amperometric
Titration.

Amperometric
Titration (low
level meas-
urement).
DPD Ferrous
Titrimetric.
DPD Colori-
metric.
lodometric Elec-
trode.
Amperometric
Titration.

DPD Method ....
Amperometric
Titration.
Indigo Method ..
Methods
4500-CI D


4500-CI F

4500-CI G

4500-CI H

4500-CI D


4500-CI E



4500-CI F

4500-CI G

4500-CI I

4500-CIO2 C


4500-CIO2 D
4500-CIO2 E

4500-O3 B
  11. Section 141.89 is amended by
revising paragraph (a) introductory text;
removing the table in paragraph (a); and
by removing and reserving paragraph (b)
to read as follows:

§ 141.89  Analytical methods.
  (a) Analyses for lead, copper, pH,
conductivity, calcium, alkalinity,
orthophosphate, silica, and temperature
shall be conducted with the methods in
§141.23(k)(l).
                                                                                PART 143—NATIONAL SECONDARY
                                                                                DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS

                                                                                  1. The authority citation for part 143
                                                                                continues to read as follows:
                                                                                  Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300f, 300g-l, 300g-2
                                                                                300g-3, 300g-4, 300g-5, 300g-6, 300J-4,
                                                                                300J-9.
                                                                                  2. Section 143.4 is amended by
                                                                                revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

                                                                                §143.4  Monitoring.
                                                                                *****
                                                                                  (b) Measurement of pH, copper and
                                                                                fluoride to determine compliance under
                                                                                § 143.3 may be conducted with one of
                                                                                the methods in § 141.23(k)(l). Analyses
                                                                                of aluminum, chloride, foaming agents,
                                                                                iron, manganese, odor, silver, sulfate,
                                                                                total dissolved solids (TDS) and zinc to
                                                                                determine compliance under § 143.3
                                                                                may be conducted with the methods in

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           Federal Register  /  Vol. 59, No. 232 / Monday,  December 5, 1994  /  Rules  and Regulations   62471
 the following Table. Criteria for
 analyzing aluminum, copper, iron,
 manganese, silver and zinc samples
                                          with digestion or directly without
                                          digestion, and other analytical test
                                          procedures are contained in Technical
Notes on Drinking Water Methods, EPA-
600/R-94-173, October 1994, which is
available at NTIS PB95-104766.
Contaminant
Aluminum 	


CWoride 	

Color 	
Foaming Agents 	
Iron 	 	


Manganese 	


Odor .... 	 	
Silver 	


Sutfate 	

TDS 	 	
Zinc .„ 	

EPA
aonn 7
2 200.8
2 200.9
1 3000



2 200 7
2 200.9

2200 7
2 200.8
2 200.9

2 200 7
2 200.8
2 200.9
1 -jnn n
1 375.2

2onn 7
2 200.8
ASTM3



rMQ07_Q1













PMooy Q1




SM4

311 3B
3111D

4500-CI— D 	

KRAftC*

3111B
3113B 	

3111B
3113B


3111B
3113B

4500-SO4-F
4500-SO4-C,D ....

3111B.
Other















I— 6f 20-85°






and
                 > Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples", EPA-600/R-93-100, August 1993. Available at NTIS,

                 J Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples—Supplement I",  EPA-600/R-94-111, May  1994. Available at NTIS,

                 shall be done in accordance with the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1994, Vols. 11.01 and 11.02  American Society for
                        incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U S C  552(a)
                     i""i mX. n°- P1"  i.i  ?m J?18 ,American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia PA  19103
                    -,JMad/E cA? W78 W^Doc^tl 401 M Street- SW- Washington,  DC 20460; or at the Office of the Federal Register'
                    it, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC.
                    '" ""' don.? in accordance with the 18th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 1992
           rrr^'TncS^I-J?"^  •  '"corporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance'with 5
r—ivi-SSKfe81)? 1:CFR Pa£ 5-1' c°P'es mav be obtained from the American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW  Washina-
ipn, DC 20005. Copies may be inspected at EPA's  Drinking Water Docket, 401 M Street, SW  Washinaton  DC 20460- or at thp riffirp nf th»
Federal Register. 800 North Capitol Street, NW.. Suite 700, Washington, DC.                   «>"«iaiuN, uo ^u^ou, or at ine unice or me
  °Availabte from Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225-0425.
[FR Doc. 94-29692 Filed 12-2-94; 8:45 ami
QllUNO CODE 6J60-50-P

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