United States
  Environmental Protection      Office of Water      : EPA 812-D-94-001
  Agency    .          4601            April 1994


  CONSOLIDATED REGULATIONS FOR

  THE CHEMICAL PHASES




  DRAFT
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CONSOLIDATED REGULATIONS



           for the



     CHEMICAL  PHASES
          UNOFFICIAL
          APRIL, 1994

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UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT	.	                       April,  1994

        NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER JREGULATIONS

SUBPART Ar- GENERAL	....i.j.	...  1

       §141.1 APPLICABILITY			  1
       §141.2 DEFINITIONS ......		...		;'.	  1
       §1413 COVERAGE		-..-..;...*	  2
              §14L3(a)	  2
              §14L3(b)	.........:.........			I.....	  2
              §14L3(c)..	...........	.......V	  2
              §14L3(d)	.....			...	  2
       §141.4 VARIANCES AND EXEMPTIONS ........		.....	  3
              §141.4(a) Requirements			....  3
       §141.5 SITING REQUIREMENTS	 —...... —. ..;....	  3
              §141.5(a) Disasters		.		  3
              §114L5(b) Flooding .	......		.'.	.......  3
       §141.6 EFFECTIVE DATES					  3
              §141.6(a)	...............;	  3
              §141.6(b)  ...	....		.		..I......	  3
              §141.6(c).			............	  3
              §141.6(d)		'........,	...	  3
              §141.6(e)	-.'	^....;....	............  3
              §i4i.6(o	................:.....	  3
 - •' •         §i4i.6(g)	.........;............;................	,3

SUBPART B — MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS  ...	.-.......	..	....	..  3

       §141.11 MCLsforlOCs		 j,'.		  3
              §141.il(b) IPDWR Arsenic MCL .....		  3
              §141.11(c) Revised NPDWR Fluoride MCL	./..........		...3
              §141.11 (d) Nitrate in Non-Community Water Systems .......(	  3
       §141.12 MCLs FOR ORGANIC CHEMICALS ......			  4

SUBPART C - MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS		, .  4

       §141.23 INORGANIC CHEMICALS: SAMPLING & ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS ......  4
             §141.23(a) Sampling Protocol  ...		 I.....................  4
             §141.23(b) Asbestos Sampling 'f			.......;.	....	.  6
             §141.23(c) Sampling Frequency for lOCs	.6
             § 141.23 (d) Sampling Frequency for Nitrate,		.............  7
             §141.23(e) Sampling Frequency for Nitrite		I......... i..		  7
             §141.23(f), (g), and (h)  IOC CONFIRMATION SAMPLING  ...................  8
             §141.23 (g) State Designation of Increased Sampling Frequency .................  8
             §141.23(h) System Request for Increased Sampling Frequency	  8
             §141.23(i)  COMPLIANCE CALCULATIONS .,...'... .1.....................  8
             § 141.23(j) STATE MONITORING PLANS	.:.....................  9
             §141.230)  State Designated Sampling Schedules	..I.....	  9
             §141.23(k) INORGANIC ANALYSIS		.....9
             §141.230)  Sampling Requirements for Arsenic	  13
             §141.23(m]f Initially Exceeding the MCL  .............	.: . .'..,		 -  13
             §l4L23(n) MCL Violations  ....		  13
                                      -  H  -

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        §141.24 ORGANIC CHEMICALS OTHER THAN TOTAL TRDIALOMETHANES,
              SAMPLING & ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS			   13
              §141.24(a) Endrin Monitoring				   13
              §141.24(b) Exceedance of the MCL .......".		:..........,   13
              §141.24(c) Results of Additional Analysis	 I..:.'...'	,...    13
              §141.24(d) Grandfathering Data	...".	   13
              §141.24(e) Endrin Analysis  .............	.;...	...	.	   13
              §141.24(0 VOC Sampling Requirements ,	............	......	   14
              §141.24(h) SOC Sampling Requirements .....		    17
        §141.27 ALTERNATE ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES .....	:...	   21
              §14L27(a) Requirements for Permission	.../.	',...".		   21
        §141.29 MONITORING OF CONSECUTIVE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM	...	...'.   21

 SUBPART D — REPORTING, PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND RECORDKEEPING ,	..-'..'	  21
              ?  •       '      "-     -       - =      .      •",-•!       .  % *"'' ,      -' •
        §14131 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ........;...	.	  21
              §14131(a) Timing ......	....../.............I.	..........!!  21
           .   §14131(b) Failure to Comply with National Primary Drinking Water
                     Regulations	.	  21
              §14131(c) State Laboratory  Reporting		  21
              §14131(d) Notifying the State			  22
              §14131(e) Submittal of Records  	.;..'	......	......	  22
       §14132 GENERAL PUBLIC NOTICE REQUIREMENTS	'.  22
              §14132(a) Notice of Maximum Contaminant Level  (MCL), Treatment
                     Technique.and Variance and Exemption Schedule Violations  .	......  22
              §14132(b) Other Violations, Variances, Exemptions......!	............  22
              §14132(c) Notice to New Billing Units		...		  23
              §141.32(4) Content of Public Notices	 . ... ........... ....    23
              §14132(e) Mandatory Health Effects Language	».•...'	  23
       §14133 RECORD MAINTENANCE  ..	.;.,..................  35
              §14L33(a) Requirements ......			  35
              §141.33(b) Records of Action to Correct Violations  ...........'	  35
              §14133(c) Records of Sanitary Surveys .		X	 .   35
            ,  §14L33(d) Records of Variance or Exemption	..!.....		..	   35
       §14135 REPORTING AND PUBLIC  NOTIFICATION FOR CERTAIN UNREGULATED
              CONTAMINANTS  .:.„....		:..'.'.'		        35
              §14135(a) Applicability		'...............   35
              §14135(b) Requirements ...	...... ...'.........I....	...	   35
              §14135(c) Records of Variance or Exemption	   35
              §14135(d) Notice of Availability of Sampling Results ... .1	.'..;		35

SUBPART E — SPECIAL REGULATIONS, INCLUDING^MONITORINGREGULATIONS AND
       PROHIBITION ON LEAD USE  ..	..:	 .... [		   36

  •     §141.40 MONITORING FOR UNREGULATED INORGANIC & ORGANIC  "
              CONTAMINANTS ...;.......	........]....;.......	   36
              §141.40(a) Monitoring for Unregulated Organic Chemicals i ...		   36
              §141.40(b) Surface Water Monitoring .........	.. !..		   36
              §l4l.40(c)  Ground Water Monitoring ...	.....	.......... ^	   36
              §141.40(d) Confirmation Samples	:'.'.,...	.		   36
              §141.4Q(e)  Contaminants to Monitor	.'........   36
             §141.40(0  [Reserved]  	.......		...*................'...  36
             §141.40(g)  Analytical Methods	.,	  36
                                       -  in  -

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             §141.40(h) Approved Laboratories	.,	•	•	• •  36
             §141.40©  Grandfathering Data	 ...••••;	  36
             §141.40(]')  Contaminants for Discretionary Monitoring	•  37
             §141.40(k) Sampling Systems with Fewer than 150 Service Connections 	.	  37
             §141.400)  Repeat Sampling ,				  37
             §141.40(m) Composite Sampling	...'....	.. • •		•  37
             §141.40(n) Phase n Unregulated Contaminants .	,	  37

SUBPART F-— MAXIMUM CONTAMmANT UEVEL GOALS		.....  38

       §141.50 MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL GOALS (MCLGs) FOR ORGANIC
             CONTAMINANTS		  38
             §141.50(a) ZERO MCLGs	  38
             §141.50(b) Non-zero MCLGs ...........:	• • • •	•  38
       §141.51 MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL GOALS FOR INORGANIC
             CONTAMINANTS	..'.	••••••	• • •	' • ••  38
             §141.51(a) [Reserved]	••	• • •'	•	• • •  3°
             §141.51(b) MCLGs			> •	• •	• •••-••  39

SXJBPART G — NATIONAL REVISED PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS:
       MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS	,	• •	• •	• • •  39

       §141.60 EFEECnVEDATES	.......	  39
             §141.60(a) VOCs	i	• • ......	  39
             §141.60(b) SOCs ...'..<	  39
       §141.61 MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCLs) FOR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ..  39
             §141.61(a) Volatile Organic MCLs	;...........  39
             §141.61(b) Organic BATs	.....		- •	• • •	"  39
             §141.61(c) Synthetic Organic MCLs	-..»		•	.•••••  40
       §141.62 MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCLs) FOR INORGANIC
             CONTAMINANTS 		:............	1		  41
             §141.62(a) [Reserved]	-	'••-•	-•  41
             §141.62(b) MCLs for lOCs	• • •	  41
             §141.62(c) BATs for lOCs	....;	..•.._.•	  41
       §141.89 ANALYTICAL METHODS	.,. •  41

SUBPART J — USE OF NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES	,.. •  42

       §141.100  CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES FOR PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS USING          .
             POINT-OF-ENTRY DEVICES	-.	  42
             §141.100(a) Requirements	  42
             §141.100(b) Operation and Maintenance Responsibility		•  42
             §141.100(c) Monitoring Plan		>	-	.;.......  42
             §141.100(d) Microbiological Safely ......		• •	• •  42
             §141.100(e) Rights and Responsibilities		.,	,.. • •  42
       §141.101  USE OF OTHER NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT DEVICES	  42

SUBPART K —TREATMENT TECHNIQUES			• •  42

       §141.110  GENERAL REQUIREMENTS	.-...	."		...  42
     ,  §141.111  TREATMENT TECHNIQUES FOR ACRYIAMIDE & EPICHLOROHYDRIN	  42
                                      -  UK  -

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 UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                                    April,  1994
 AUTHORITY: 42 U.S.C. 300f, SOQg-l, 300g-2, 300g-3,
 300g-4, 300g-5, 3fWg-6, 300J-4 and 300J-9.
 SUBPART A — GENERAL

 §141.1  APPLICABILITY

  This part establishes primary drinking water
 regulations pursuant to section 1412 of the Public
 Health Service Act, as amended by the Safe Drinking
 Water Act (Pub. L. 93-523); and related  regulations
 applicable to public water systems.

 §141.2  DEFINITIONS

  "ACT" means the Public Health Service Act, as
 amended by the  Safe Drinking Water Act, Pub. L. 93-
 523.
  "BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY OR BAT" means
 the best technology, treatment techniques, or other
 means which the Administrator finds, after examination
 for efficacy under field  conditions and not solely under
 laboratory conditions* are available (taking cost into
 consideration). For the purposes of setting MCLs for
 synthetic organic chemicals, any BAT must be at least as
 effective as granular activated carbon.            -
  "COAGULATION" means a process using coagulant
 chemicals and mixing by which colloidal  and suspended
 materials are destabilized and agglomerated into floes.
  "COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEM" means a public
 water system which serves at least 15 service
 connections used by year-round residents or regularly
 serves at least; 25 year-round residents.
  "COMPLIANCE CYCLE" means the nine-year calendar
 year cycle during which public water systems must
 monitor.  .Each compliance cycle consists of three three-
 year compliance  periods.  The first calendar year cycle
 begins January 1,1993 and ends December 31, 2001; the
 second begins January 1,2002 and ends December 31,
 2010; the third begins January 1,2011 and ends
 December 31, 2019.                    ,
  "COMPLIANCE PERIOD" means a three-year [calendar
 year] period within a compliance cycle.  Each
 compliance cycle has three three-year compliance
 periods. Within the first compliance cycle, the first
 compliance period  runs from January 1,1993 to  .
 December 31, 1995; the second from January 1, 1996 to
 December 31, 1998; the third from January 1, 1999 to
 December 31, 2001.
. "CONTAMINANT" means any physical, chemical, or
 biological substance ormatter in water.               '
  "CONVENTIONAL FILTRATION TREATMENT" means
 a series of processes including coagulation, flocculation,
 sedimentation, and filtration resulting in substantial
 paniculate removal.                  ,
  "DlATOMACEOUS EARTH FILTRATION" means a
 process resulting in substantial paniculate removal in
 which (1) a precoat cake of diatomaceous earth filter
 media is deposited  on a support membrane (septum),
 and (2) while the water is filtered by passing through
 the cake on the septum, additional filter media known
 as body feed is continuously added to feed water to
 maintain the permeability of the filter cake.       ,
  "DIRECT FILTRATION" means a series of processes
 including coagulation and filtration but excluding
 sedimentation resulting in substantial paniculate
 removal.                . .           .     •
  "FILTRATION" means a process for removing
 paniculate matter from water by passage through
 porous media.      j
  "FLOCCULATION" nieans a process to enhance
 agglomeration or collection of smaller floe panicles into
 larger, more easily setlleable particles through gentle
 stirring by hydraulic or mechanical means.
  "GROUND WATER UNDER THE DIRECT INFLUENCE
 OF SURFACE WATER" means any water beneath the
 surface of the ground with (1) significant occurrence of
 insects  or other macroprganisms,  algae, or large-
 diameter pathogens such as Giardia lamblia, or (2)
(significant and relatively rapid shifts in water
 characteristics such as turbidity, temperature, ,
 conductivity, or pH which closely correlate to
 climatological or surface water conditions. Direct
 influence  must be determined for individual sources  in
 accordance with criteria established by the State.  The
 State determination of direct influence may be based on
 site-specific measurements of water quality and/or
 documentation of well construction characteristics and
 geology with field evaluation.            :'     ,
  "HALOGEN" means one of the chemical elements
 chlorine, bromine, or iodine.      ,              .
  "INITIAL COMPLIANCE PERIOD" means the first full
 three-year compliance period which begins at least ;18
 months after promulgation,  except for contaminants
 listed at §§ 141.61(a)(19)-(21), (c)(19)-(33), and
 141.62(b)(ll)-(16), initial compliance period means the
 first full three-year compliance period after      .   •
 promulgation for systems with 150 or more service
 connections (January 1993—December 1995), and the
 first full three-year compliance period after the effective
 date of the regulation (January 1996—December  1998)
 for systems having fewer than 150'service connections.
  "MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL ok MCL"
 means the maximum permissible level of a contaminant
 in water which is delivered to the free flowing outlet of
 the ultimate user of a public water system, except in  the
 case of turbidity where the maximum permissible  level is
 measured at the point of entry to the distribution

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                                  April,  1994
system. Contaminants added to the water under
circumstances controlled by the user, except those
resulting form corrosion of piping and plumbing caused
by water quality, are excluded from this definition.
 "MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL GOAL OR
MCLG" means the maximum level of a contaminant in
drinking water at which no known or anticipated
adverse effect on the health of persons would occur, and
which allows an adequate margin of safety. Maximum
contaminant level goals are nonenforceable health goals.
 "NEAR THE FIRST SERVICE CONNECTION" means at
one of the 20 percent of all service connections in the
entire system that are nearest the water supply
treatment facility, as measured by water transport time
within the distribution system.
 "NON-COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEM OR NCWS"
means a public water system that is not a community
water system.
 "NON-TRANSIENT NON-COMMUNITY WATER
SYSTEM OR NTNCWS" means a public water system
that is not a community water system and that regularly
serves at least 25 of the same persons over 6 months per
year.
 "PERFORMANCE  EVALUATION SAMPLE" means a
reference sample provided to a laboratory for the
purpose of demonstrating that the laboratory can
successfully analyze the sample within limits of
performance specified by the Agency. The true value of
the concentration of the reference material is unknown
to the laboratory at the time of the analysis.
 "PERSON" means an individual; corporation; company;
association; partnership; municipality; or State, Federal
or tribal agency.
 "POINT-OF-ENTRY TREATMENT DEVICE" is a
treatment device applied to the drinking water entering
a house or building for the purpose of reducing
contaminants in the drinking water distributed
throughout the house or building.
 "POINT-OF-USE TREATMENT DEVICE" is a treatment
device applied to a  single tap used for the purpose of .
reducing contaminants in drinking water at that one tap.
 "PUBLIC WATER  SYSTEM" means a system for
provision to the public of piped water for human
consumption, if such system has at least fifteen service
connections or regularly serves an average of at least
twenty-five individuals daily at least 60 days out of the
year.  Such term includes (1) any collection, treatment,
storage, and  distribution facilities under control of the
operator of such system and  used primarily in
connection with such system, and (2) any collection or
prctrcatment storage facilities not under such control
which are used primarily in connection with such system.
A public water system is either a "community water
system" or a "noncommunity water system."        v
 "REPEAT COMPLIANCE PERIOD" means any
subsequent compliance period after the initial
compliance period.
 "SANITARY SURVEY" means an onsite review of the
water source, facilities, equipment, operation and
maintenance of a public water system for the purpose of •
evaluating the adequacy of such source, facilities,
equipment, operation and maintenance for producing
and distributing safe drinking water.
 "SEDIMENTATION" means a process for removal of
solids before filtration by gravity or separation.
 "SLOW SAND FILTRATION" means a process
involving passage of raw water through a bed of sand at
low velocity (generally less than 0.4 m/h) resulting in
substantial particulate removal by physical and biological
mechanisms.
 "STATED means the agency of the State or Tribal
government which has jurisdiction over public water
systems. During any period when a State or Tribal --
government does not have primary enforcement
responsibility pursuant to Section  1413 of the Act, the
term "State" means' the Regional  Administrator, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency;             /
 "SUPPLIER OF WATER" means  any person who owns
or operates  a public water system.
 "SURFACE WATER" means all water which is open to
the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.
 "SYSTEM WITH A SINGLE SERVICE CONNECTION"
means a system which supplies drinking water to  .
consumers via a single service line.  , '
 "TOTAL TRIHALOMETHANES (TTHM)" means the
sum of the concentration in milligrams per liter of the
trihalomethane compounds (trichloromethane
[chloroform]rdibromoChloromethane,
bromodichloromethane and tribromomethane
[bromoform]), rounded to two significant figures.
 "TRANSIENT NON-COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEM
(TWS)" means a non-community water system that
does not regularly serve at least 25 of the same persons
over six months per year-
 "TRIHALOMETHANE (THM)" means one of the
famfly of organic  compounds,1 named as derivatives of
methane, wherein three of the four hydrogen atoms in
methane are each substituted by a halogen atom in the
molecular structure.

§141.3 COVERAGE

 This part shall apply to each public water system,
unless the public water system meets,all of the following
conditions:
§1413(a) Consists only of distribution arid storage
facilities (and does not have any collection and
treatment facilities);
§14U(b) Obtains all of its water from, but is not
owned or operated by, a public water system to which
such regulations apply:                          .
§141.3(c) Does not sell water to  any person; and
§1413(d) Is not  a carrier which conveys passengers in
interstate commerce.
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                                      April,  1994
  §141.4 VARIANCES AND EXEMPTIONS

  §141.4(a) Requirements:  Variances or exemptions
  from certain provisions of these regulations may be
  granted pursuant to sections 1415 and 1416 of the Act
  by the entity with primary enforcement responsibility,
  except that variances or exemptions from the MCL for
  total coliforms and variances from any of the treatment
  technique requirements of Subpart H of this part may
  not be granted.

  §141.5 SITING REQUIREMENTS

.   Before a person may enter into  a financial
  commitment fdr or initiate construction of a new public
  water system or increase the capacity of an existing
  public water system, he shall notify the State and, to the
  extent practicable, avoid locating part or all of the new
  or expanded facility at a site which:
  §141.5(a) Disasters:  Is subject to a significant risk
  form earthquakes, floods, fires or other disasters which
 could cause a breakdown of the public water system or
 a portion thereof; or   -                            •
 §1141.5(b)  Flooding:  Except for intake structures, is
 within the floodplain of a 100-year flood or is lower
 than any recorded high tide where appropriate records
 exist. The U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency will
 not seek to override land use decisions affecting public
 water systems siting which are made at the State or local
 government levels.

 §141.6 EFFECTIVE DATES

 §141.6(a)  Except as provided in  paragraphs (b)
 through (g) of this section and in paragraph (a)(2) of
 section 141.80, the regulations set  forth in this part shall
-take  effect on June 24,1977.  -
 §141.6(b)  Reference.to THMs.
 §141.6(c)  The regulations set forth in §§141.11(a), (d),
 and (e); 141.14(a)(l); 141.14(b)(l)(i); 141.14(b)(2)(i);
 141.14(d);  141.23(a)(3) and (a)(4); 141.23(f);
 141.23(a)(3); 141.24(e) and (f); 141.27(a); 141.31(a), (d)
 and (e); 141.32(b)(3); and 14132(d) shall take effect
 immediately upon promulgation.
 §141.6(d)  Reference to Sodium.
 §141.6(e)  Reference to Corrosivity.
 §141.6(f)  The regulations set forth in §141.11(c) and
 §141.23(g)  are effective May 2, 1986.  Section
 141.23(g)(4) is effective October 2, 1987.
 §141.6(g)  The regulations contained in Section 141.6
paragraph (c) of the table in 141.12 and 141.62(b)(l)
are effective July  1, 1991.  The regulations contained  in
§§141.11(b), 141.23, 141.24, 142.57(b), 143.4(b)(12) and
(b)(13) are effective July 30,1992.  The regulations
  contained in the revisions to §§14132(e)(16), (25)
  through (27) and (46); 141,61(c)(i6); and 141.62(b)(3)
  are effective January 1,1993. The effective date of
  regulations contained  in §§141.61(c)(2), (3) and (4) is
  postponed.
  §141.6(h) Regulations for the analytic methods listed
  at §141.23(k)(4) for measuring antimony, beryllium,
  cyanide, nickel, and thallium are effective August 17,
  1992.  The analytic methods under §141(f)(16) for
  dichloromethane, 1,2,,4-trichlorobenzene, and. 1,1,2-
  trichlproethane are effective August 17, 1992; The
  analytic methods under §141.24(h)(12) for measuring
',- dalapon, dinoseb, diquat, endothall, endrin, glyphosate,
  pxamyl, picloram, simazine, benzo(a)pyrene, di(2-
  ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalatei
  hexachlorobenzehe, hexachlorbcyclopentadiene, and '
  2^,7,8-TODD are effective August  17,4992. The
  revision to §141.12(a) dated July  17,1992 is effective
  August 17,1992.   •!,,..

  SUBPART B— MAXIMUM
  CONTAMINANT LEVELS (MCLs)

  §141.11  MCLs for lOCs
                    i '            •      ~         '   ••
  §141.H(a)  Applicability: The  MCL for nitrate is
  applicable to both community water systems and non-
  community water systems except as provided by in
- paragraph (d) of this isection. The levels for the other
  inorganic chemicals ajDply only to community water
  systems. Compliance with MCLs  is calculated pursuant
  to§14L23.         I
  §141.11(b)  IPDWR Arsenic MCL: 0.05 mg/1.
  §141.11(c)  Revised jNPDWR Fluoride MCL:  The
• maximum contaminant level for fluoride is 4.0 mg/1.  See
  40 CFR 143.3, which establishes a secondary maximum  .
  contaminant level at 2,0 mg/1.
  §141.il(d)  Nitrate in Non-Community Water
  Systems:  At the discretion of the State, nitrate levels
 not to exceed 20 mg/1 may be allowed in a non-
 community water system if the supplier of water
 demonstrates to the sjitisfaction of the State that:
 §141.11(d)(l) Avail abilfity to Infants: Such water
 .will not be available to children under 6  months of age;
 and   ...   '   -• •  •  : :!  •'.      '              '"-•_•
 §141.11 (d) (2) Continuous Posting: There will be
 continuous posting of the fact that nitrate levels exceed
 10 mg/1 and the potential health effects of exposure; and
 §141.11(d) (3) Noticfe to Health Authorities: Local
 and State public health authorities will be notified
 annually of nitrate levels, that exceed 10 mg/I; and
 §141.11 (d) (4) Advei-se Effects: No adverse health
 effects shall result.
                                                 -  3   -

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§141.12 MCLs FOR ORGANIC
CHEMICALS

 The following are the maximum contaminant levels for
organic chemicals. The maximum contaminant levels
for organic chemicals in paragraph (a) of this section
apply to all community water systems. Compliance with
the maximum contaminant level in paragraph (a) of this
Section is calculated pursuant to §141.24.  The maximum
contaminant  level for total trihalomethanes in paragraph
(c) of this section applies only to community water
systems which serve a population of 10,000 or more
individuals and which add a disinfectant (oxidant) to the.
water in any part of the drinking water treatment
process.  Compliance with the maximum contaminant •
level for total trihalomethanes is calculated pursuant to
§141.30.
           Contaminant
              Name
  (a) Chlorinated hydrocarbons:
     Endrin (1,23,4,10,10-
     hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-
     1.4,43,5,6,7,8,8 l-octahydro-1,4-
     endo, endo-5,8-dimethano
     naphthalene)	
  (b) [Reserved]	
  (c) Total trihalomethanes (the
     sum of the concentrations of
     bromodichloromethane,
     dibromochloromethane,
     tribromoraethane
     (bromoform)  and
     trichloromethane (chloroform)
   Maximum
  Contaminant
Level (milligrams
    per liter)
0.0002
0.10
 SUBPART C - MONITORING AND
 ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS

 §141.23 INORGANIC CHEMICALS:
 SAMPLING & ANALYTICAL
 REQUIREMENTS

  Community water systems shall conduct monitoring to
 determine compliance with the maximum contaminant ,
 levels specified in §141.62 in accordance with this
 section. Non-transient, non-community water systems
 shall conduct monitoring to determine compliance with
the maximum contaminant levels specified1 in §141.62 in
accordance with this section.  Transient, non-community
water systems shall conduct monitoring to determine
compliance with the nitrate and nitrite maximum
contaminant levels in §141.11 and §141.62 (as
appropriate) in accordance with this section.
§141.23(a)  Sampling Protocol:  Monitoring shall be
conducted as follows:    •
§141.23(a)(l)  Ground Water Sampling Points:
Groundwater systems shall take a minimum of one
sample at eveiy entry point to the distribution system
which is representative of each well after treatment
(hereafter called a sampling point) beginning in the
initial compliance period starting January 1,1993. The
system shall take each sample at the same sampling
point unless conditions make another sampling point
more representative of each source or treatment plant
§141.23(a)(2)  Surface Water Sampling Points:
Surface water systems shall take a minimum of one
sample at every entry point to the distribution system
after any application of treatment or in the distribution
system at a point which is representative of each,source
after treatment (hereafter called a sampling point)
beginning in the initial compliance period.  The system
shall take each sample at the same sampling point
unless conditions make another sampling point more
representative of each source or treatment plant.
Note: For purposes of this paragraph, surface water
systems include systems with a combination of surface
and ground sources.
§141.23(a)(3)  Multiple Sources: If a system draws
water from more than one source and the sources are
combined before distribution, the system must sample at
an entry point to the distribution system during periods
of normal operating conditions (i.e., when water is
representative of all sources being used).
§141.23(a)(4) Composite  Sampling: The State
may reduce the total number of samples which must be
analyzed by allowing the use of compositing. Composite
samples from a maximum of five sampling points are
allowed, provided that the detection limit of the method
used for analysis is less" than one-fifth of the MCL-
Compositing of samples must be done in the laboratory.
§141.23(a)(4)(i)  Fqllow-Up Sampling: If the
concentration in the composite sample is greater than or
equal to one-fifth of the MCL of any inorganic
chemical, then a follow-up sample must be .taken within
 14 days at each sampling point included in the
composite. These samples must be analyzed for the ^
contaminants which exceeded one-fifth of the MCL in
the composite  sample.  Detection limits for each
 analytical method and MCLs for each inorganic
contaminant are the following:
                                                -4   -

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UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
April,  1994
                DETECTION  LIMITS FOR  INORGANIC  CONTAMINANTS
Contaminant
Antimony
Asbestos
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
. Chromium
Cyanide
\
Fluoride
Mercury
Nickel
Nitrate
Nitrite
Selenium
Thallium
MCL
(mg/L)
0.006
7MFLP)
2
.0.004
0.005
0.1
0.2
4.0
0.002
0.1
10(asN)
l(asN)
0.05
0.002
Methodology • ,
Atomic Absorption; Furnace
Atomic Absorption; Platform
ICP-Mass Spectrometry
Hydride-Atomic Absorption
Transmission Electron Microscopy ,
Atomic Absorption; Furnace
Atomic Absorption; Direct Aspiration
Inductively Coupled Plasma
, Atomic Absorption; Furnace
Atomic Absorption; Platform
Inductively Coupled Plasma(3)
ICP-Mass Spectrometry
Atomic Absorption; Furnace
Inductively Coupled Plasma
Atomic Absorption; Furnace , '
Inductively Coupled Plasma
Distillation, Spectrophotometric<4> j
Distillation, Automated, Spectrophotorfletric<4)
Selective Electrode(4) •
Distillation, Amenable, Spectrophotometric(5)
Colormetric SPADNS '-..,!'•
Potentiometric ion selective electrode.
Automated Alizarin fluoride blue V
Automated ion selective electrode .-.
Manual Cold Vapor Technique ... i
Automated Cold Vapor Technique '' , '
Atomic Absorption; Furnace
Atomic Absorption; Platform
Inductively Coupled Plasma<3) - • .
ICP-Mass Spectrometry ' -
Manual Cadmium Reduction
Automated Hydrazine Reduction
Automated Cadmium Reduction
Ion Selective Electrode
Ion Chrbmatography • ,
Spectrophotometric .
Automated Cadmium Reduction
Manual Cadmium Reduction
Ion Chromatography
Atomic Absorption; Furnace i
.Atomic Absorption; Gaseous Hydride ;
Atomic Absorption; Furnace
Atomic Absorption; Platform . .
ICP-Mass Spectrometry
Detection Limit
(mg/L)
0.003
0.0008^
0.0004
0.001
0.01 MFL
0.002
0.1
0.002(0.001)(1>
0.0002
0.00002(6>
• 0.0003
0.0003
0.0001
0.001(1>
0.001
0.007(0.001)(1)
0.02
0.005
0.05
0.02
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0.
0.0002
. 0.0002
0.001
0.0006(6> .
0.005
0.0005
0.01
0.01
0.05
1
0.01
0.01
• 0.05
0.01
0.004
0.002
0.002
0.001
O.OOOT^
0.0003
(1)  Using concentration technique in Appendix A to EPA Method 200.7:         i
(2)  MFL = million Obers per liter > 10 fan.                               i    :              "
(3)  Using a 2X preconcentration step as noted in Method 200.7.  Lower MDLs may be achieved when using a 4X
     preconcehtration.                            .          »           '
(4)  Screening method for total cyanides.                                  1,
(5)  Measures "free" cyanides.     -            '
(6)  Lower MDLs are reported using stabilized temperature graphite furnace atomic asorption.   . '
                                             -  5  -

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UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                                    April,  1994
§141.23(a)(4)(ii)  If the population served by the
Astern is >3,30b persons, then compositing may duly be
permitted by the State at sampling points within a single
system. In systems serving £3,300 persons, the State
may permit compositing among different systems
provided the 5-sample limit is maintained.
§141.23 (a) (4) Oil) If duplicates of the original sample
taken from each sampling point used in the composite
are available, the system may use this instead of
resampling. The duplicates must be analyzed and the
results reported to the State within 14 days of collection.
§141.23(a)(5)  Citations for IOC Monitoring
Requirements: The frequency of monitoring for
asbestos shall be in accordance with paragraph (b) of
this section; the frequency  of monitoring for barium,
cadmium, chromium, fluoride, mercury, and selenium
shall be in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section;
the frequency of monitoring for nitrate shall be in
accordance with paragraph (d) of this section; and the
frequency of monitoring for nitrite shall be in
accordance with paragraph (e) of this section.
  Asbestos
§141.23(b) Asbestos Sampling:  The frequency of
monitoring conducted to determine compliance with the
maximum contaminant level for asbestos specified in
§141.62(b) shall be conducted as follows:
§141.23(b)(l) Initial Sampling Frequency: Each
community and non-transient, non-community water
system is required to monitor for asbestos during the,
first three-year compliance period of each nine-year
compliance cycle beginning in the compliance period
starting January 1,1993.
§141.23 (b) (2) Sampling During Waiverr If the
system believes it is not vulnerable to either asbestos
contamination  in its source water or due to corrosion of
asbestos-cement pipe, or both, it may apply to  the State
for a waiver of the monitoring requirement in paragraph
(b)(l) of this section. If the State grants the waiver, the
system is not required to monitor.
§141.23(b)(3) Bases of an Asbestos Waiver The
State may grant a waiver based  on a consideration of
the  following factors:
  (i)  Potential asbestos contamination of the water
source, and
  (H) The use of asbestos-cement pipe for finished
water distribution and  the corrosive nature  of the water.
§141.23(b)(4) Effect of an Asbestos^Waiver:  A
waiver remains in effect until the completion of the
three-year compliance  period.  Systems not receiving a
waiver must monitor in accordance- with the provisions
of paragraph (b)(l) of this section.
 §141.23(b)(S) Distribution System Vulnerability
 for Asbestos: A system vulnerable to asbestos
 contamination due .solely to corrosion of
 asbestos-cement pipe shall take one sample at a tap
 served by asbestos-cement pipe and under conditions
 where asbestos contamination is most likely to occur.
 §141.23(b)(ti)  Source Water Vulnerability for
 Asbestos: A system vulnerable to asbestos
 contamination due solely to, source water shall monitor
 in accordance with the provision of paragraph (a) of this
 section.       •
 §14L23(b)(7)  Combined Asbestos Vulnerability:
 A system vulnerable to asbestos contamination due both
 to its source water supply and  corrosion of
 asbestos-cement pipe shall take one sample at a tap
. served by asbestos-cement pipe and under  conditions
 where asbestos contamination  is most likely to occur.
 §l4l.23(b)(8)  Exceedance of the Asbestos MCL:
 A system which exceeds the maximum contaminant
 levels as determined in §141.23(i) of this section shall
 monitor quarterly beginning in the next quarter after the
 violation occurred.
 §141.23(b)(9)  Asbestos Reliably & Consistently
 Below the MCL: The State may decrease the
 quarterly monitoring requirement to the frequency   ,
 specified in paragraph (b)(l) of this section provided
 the State has determined that  the system is reliably and
 consistently below the maximum contaminant level. In
 no case can a State  make this determination  unless a
 groundwater system takes a minimum of two quarterly
 samples and a surface (or combined surface/ground)
 water system takes a minimum of four quarterly
 samples.  ,                          •          . .  ' -
 §141.23(b)(10)  Grandfathered Asbestos  Data: If
 monitoring data collected after January 1,1990 are
 generally consistent  with the requirements  of §141.23(b),
 then the State may allow systems to use that data to
 satisfy the monitoring requirement for the  initial
 compliance period beginning January 1,1993.
  |    /PCs    }

  §141.23(c) Sampling Frequency for lOCs: The
  frequency of monitoring conducted to determine
  compliance with the maximum contaminant levels in
  §141.62 for antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium,
'  chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel, selenium
  and thallium shall be as follows:
  §141.23(c)(l)  lOCs Sampling Frequency:
  Groundwater systems shall take one sample  at each
  sampling point during each compliance period. Surface
  water systems (or combined surface/ground) shall take
  one sample annually at each sampling^ point.
  §141.23(c)(2)  lOCs Sampling Waiver:  The system
  may apply to the State for a waiver from the monitoring
  frequencies specified in paragraph (c)(l) of this section.
  States may grant waivers for cyanide monitoring upon
                                                 -   6  -

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  UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                                     April,   1994
  determining that a water system is not vulnerable to
  cyanide contamination.         -
  §141.23(c)(3) IOC Sampling During a Waiver: A
  condition of the waiver shall require that a system; shall
  take a minimum'of one sample while the waiver is
  effective.  The term during which the waiver is effective
  shall not exceed one compliance cycle (i.e., nine years).
  §141.23(c)(4) IOC Waivers & Grandfathered
  Data: The State may grant a waiver provided surface
  water systems have monitored annually for at least three
  years and groundwater systems have conducted  a ,
  minimum of three rounds of monitoring. (At least one
  sample shall have been taken since January 1,1990.),
  Both surface and groundwater systems shall
  demonstrate that all previous analytical results were less
  than the maximum contaminant level.  Systems that use
  a new water source are not eligible for a waiver until
  three rounds of monitoring from the new source have
.  been completed.                                •
  §141.23(c)(5) IOC Sampling Frequency During a
  Waiver:  In determining the appropriate reduced
  monitoring frequency, the State shall consider
  (i) Reported concentrations from all previous
  monitoring;                             --  '  • '
  (ii) The degree of variation in reported
  concentrations; and
  (iii)  Other factors which may affect contaminant
 concentrations such as changes in groundwater pumping
 rates, changes in the system's configuration, changes in
 the system's operating procedures, or changes in stream
 flows or characteristics.
 §141.23(c)(6)  Effect of an IOC Waiver: A decision
 by the State to grant  a waiver shall be made in writing
 and shall set forth the basis for the determination. The
 determination  may be initiated by the State or upon an
, application by the public water system. The public
 water system shall specify the basis for its request. The
 State shall review and, where appropriate, revise its
 determination  of the appropriate monitoring frequency
 when the system submits new monitoring data or when
 other data relevant to .the system's appropriate •
 monitoring frequency become available. ,    ,      ,
 §141.23(c)(7)  ExceedanceofanlOCMCL:
 Systems which exceed the maximum contaminant levels
 as calculated in §141.23(i) of this section shall monitor
 quarterly beginning in the next quarter  after the
violation occurred.
 §141.23(c)(8) lOCs Reliably & Consistently Below
 the MCL: The State may decrease the quarterly
monitoring requirement to the frequencies specified in
paragraphs (c)(l) and (c)(2) of this section provided it
has determined that the system is reliably and
consistently below the maximum contaminant level.  In
no case can a State make  this determination unless a
 groundwater system takes a minimum of two quarterly
 samples and a surface water system takes a minimum of
 four quarterly samples.
     Nitrate
 §141.23(d)  Sampling Frequency for Nitrate: All
 public water systems (community; non-transient,
 non-community; and transient, non-community systems) '
 shall monitor to determine compliance with the
 maximum contaminsint level for nitrate in §141.62.
 §141.23(d)(l)  Initial Nitrate Sampling:
 Community and non-transient, non-community water
 systems served by groundwater systems shall monitor
 annually beginning January 1,1993; systems served by
 surface water shall monitor quarterly beginning
 January 1,1993.    i
 §141.23(d)(2)  Ground Water Repeat Nitrate
 Sampling: For community and non-transient,,
 non-community water systems, the repeat monitoring
 frequency for ground water systems shall be quarterly
 for at least one year following any one sample in which
 the concentration is &50 percent of the MCL.  The
 State may allow a groundwater system to reduce the
 sampling frequency to annually after four consecutive
 quarterly samples arc reliably and  consistently less than
 the MCL.          !
 §141.23(d)(3) Repeat Nitrate SW Sampling: For
 community and non-transient, non-community water
 systems, the. State may allow a surface water system to
 reduce the sampling frequency to annually if all
 analytical results from four consecutive quarters are
 <50 percent of the MGL.  A surface water system shall
 return to quarterly monitoring if any one sample is 2:50
 percent of the MCL.
 §141.23(d)(4)  Transient Nitrate Sampling
 Frequency:  Each transient non-community water
 system shall monitor annually beginning January 1,1993.
 §141.23 (d) (5)  Scheduling Annual Nitrate Repeat
 Samples: After the initial round of quarterly sampling
 is completed, each community and non-transient non-
 community system which is monitoring annually shall
 take subsequent samples during the quarter(s) which
 previously resulted in' the highest analytical result.
§141.23(e)  Sampling Frequency for Nitrite:  All,
public water systems {community; non-transient,
non-community; and transient, non-community systems)
shall monitor to deteirmine compliance with the
maximum contaminant level for nitrite in §141.62(b).
§141.23(e)(l)  Initial Nitrite Sampling:  All public
water systems shall take one sample at each sampling
                                                 -   7  •

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UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^um^^^l^^ll^MIMIMMI

point in the compliance period beginning January 1,
1993 and ending December 31,1995.
§14L23(e)(2)  Under the Nitrite Trigger Level:
After the initial sample, systems where an analytical
result for nitrite is <50 percent of the MCL shall
monitor at the frequency specified by the State.
§14L23(e)(3)  Above the Nitrite Trigger Level: For
community, non-transient, non-community, and transient
non-community water systems, the repeat monitoring
frequency for any water system shall be quarterly for at
least one year following any one sample in which the
concentration is £50 percent of the MCL. The State
may allow a system to reduce the sampling frequency to
annually after determining the system is reliably and
consistently less than the MCL.
§141.23(e)(4)  Scheduling of Annual Nitrite
Repeat Samples: Systems which are monitoring
annually shall take each subsequent sample during the
quarters) which previously resulted in the highest
analytical  result.

§141.23(1), (g), and (h)
IOC CONFIRMATION SAMPLING

§141.23(0(1)  Deadline for lOCs Confirmation
Samples: Where the results of sampling for asbestos,
barium, cadmium, chromium, fluoride, mercury, or
selenium  indicate an exceedance of the maximum
contaminant level, the State may require that one
additional sample be collected as soon as possible after
the initial sample was taken (but not to exceed two-
weeks) at the same  sampling point.
§141.23(0 (2)  Deadline for Nitrate & Nitrite
 Confirmation Samples:  Where nitrate or nitrite
sampling  results indicate an exceedance of the MCL, the
system shall take a confirmation sample within 24 hours
of the system's receipt of notification of the analytical
 results of the first sample. Systems unable to comply
with the 24-hour sampling requirement must
 immediately notify the consumers served  by the area
 served by the public water system in accordance with
 §141.32.  Systems exercising this option must take and
 analyze a confirmation sample within two weeks of
 notification of the analytical results of the first sample.
 §141.23(0(3)   Compliance Calculations &
 Confirmation Samples: If a State-required
 confirmation sample is taken for any contaminant, then
 the results of the initial and confirmation sample shall
 be averaged.  The resulting average shall be used to
 determine the system's compliance  in accordance with
 paragraph (i) of this .section.  States have the discretion
 to delete results of obvious sampling errors.
                                  April,  1994
                                  HmMMmMmi

§141.23(g) State Designation of Increased
Sampling Frequency. The State may require more
frequent monitoring than specified in paragraphs (b),
(c), (d) and (e) of this section or may require
confirmation samples for positive and negative results at
its discretion.      ,       ,.'••..
§141.23(h) System Request for Increased
Sampling Frequency: Systems may apply to the State
to conduct more frequent monitoring than the minimum
monitoring frequencies specified in this section.

§141.23(1) COMPLIANCE CALCULATIONS:

Compliance with §§ 141.11 or 141.62(b) (as appropriate)
shall be determined based on the analytical result(s)
obtained at each  sampling point.
§141.23(0(1)  Sampling Frequencies Greater Than
Annual: For systems which are conducting monitoring
at a frequency greater than annual, compliance with the
maximum contaminant level for antimony, asbestos,
barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide,
fluoride, mercury, nickel, selenium or thallium is
determined by a running annual average at any sampling
point.  If the average of any sampling point is greater
than the MCL, then the system is out of compliance.  If
any one sample would cause the annual average to be.
exceeded, then the system is out of compliance
immediately.  Any sample below the method detection
limit shall be calculated at zero for the purpose of
determining the annual average.
§141.23(0(2) Sampling Frequencies of Annual or
Less:  For systems which are monitoring annually, or
less frequently, the system is out of compliance with the
maximum contaminant level for asbestos, barium,
cadmium, chromium, fluoride, mercury, selenium or
thallium if the level of a contaminant at any sampling
point is greater than the MCL.  If a confirmation
sample is required by the State, the determination of
compliance will be based on the average of the two
samples.
 §141.23(0(3) Compliance Calculations for Nitrate
 & Nitrite: Compliance with the maximum contaminant
 levels1 for nitrate and nitrite is determined based on one
 sample if the levels of these contaminants is below the
 MCLs. If the levels of nitrate or nitrite exceed the
 MCLs in the initial sample, a confirmation sample  is
 required in accordance with paragraph (f)(2) of this
 section, and compliance  shall be determined based on
 the average of the initial and confirmation samples.
 §141.23(0(4)  Separable Distribution Systems: If a
 public water system has a distribution system separable
 from other parts of the distribution system with no    v
 interconnections, the State may allow the system to give
 public notice to only the area served by that portion of
 the system which is out of compliance.
                                                 -  8  -

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UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                                   April,  1994
§ 141.23®  STATE MONITORING PLANS:

§141.230") State Designated Sampling Schedules:
Each public water system shall monitor at the time .
designated by the State .during each compliance period.

§141.23(10  INORGANIC ANALYSIS:

§141.23(k)(l) Analytical Methods for lOCs:
Analysis for asbestos, barium, cadmium, chromium,
mercury, nitrate, nitrite, and selenium shall be
conducted using the following.methods: [Ed. note: The
provisions of this section have been replaced by the
provisions in §l41.23(k)(4).J
§141.23(k)(2) Analytical Methods for Arsenic:
Analyses for arsenic shall be conducted using the
following methods:
 Method1 206.2, Atomic Absorption Furnace
Technique; or Method1 206.3, or Method4 D2972-88B,
or Method2 307A, or Method31-1062-85, Atomic
Absorption-Gaseous Hydride; or Method1 206.4, or
Method* D-2972-88A, or Method2 307B,
Spectrpphotometric, Silver Diethyl-dithiocarbamate; or
Method 200.7A, Inductively Coupled Plasma
Technique5.',
§141.23(k)(3) Analytical Methods for Fluoride:
Analysis fo'r fluoride shall be conducted [using the
following methods:   |  "                v
 (1)  "Methods of Chemical Analysis of Water and
     Wastes," EPA Environmental Monitoring and
     Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
     (EPA-600/4-79-020), March 1979. Available from
     ORD Publications; CERI, EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio
     45268.  For approved analytical procedures for
     metals, the technique applicable to total metals
     must be used,  j
 (2)  "Standard Methods  for the Examination of Water
     and Wastewateri" 16th Edition, American Public
     Health Association, American Waterworks
     Association, Water Pollution Control Federation,
     1985.       •••••/-
 (3)  Techniques of Water-Resources Investigation of
     the United States Geological Survey, Chapter  A-i,
     "Methods for Determination of Inorganic
     Substances b Water and  Fluvial Sediments," Book
     5, 1979, Stock *bl4-b01-03177-9. Available from
     Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
     Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
 (4)  Annual Book of ASTM Standards, part 31 Water,
     American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916
     Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103.
 (5)  Appendix to Method 200.7, March 1987, U.S.
     EPA, Environmental Monitoring Systems
     Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268.
§141.23(k)(4) Malytical Methods for lOCs:
Analysis for the listed; inorganic contaminants shall be •
conducted using the following methods (see table on next
page):              i
                                                -   9.  -

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UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                                    April,   1994
§141.23(k)(5)  IOC Sample Holding limes &
Preservation Methods:  Sample collection for
antimony, asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium,
chromium, cyanide,
fluoride, mercury, nickel, nitrate, nitrite, selenium, and
thallium under this section shall be conducted using the
sample preservation, container, and maximum holding
time procedures specified in the table below:
Contaminant
Antimony
Asbestos
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Cyanide
Fluoride
Mercury
Nickel
Nitrate
Chlorinated
Non-chlorinated
Nitrite
Selenium
Thallium
Preservative w
Cone HNO3 to pH <2
Cool,4°C
Cone HNO3 to pH <2 ^
Cone HNOj to pH <2
Cone HNO3 to pH <2
Cone HNOj to pH <2
Cool. 4°C, NaOH to pH >12 (4>
None
Cone HNO3 to pH <2
Cone HNOj to pH <2

Cool,4°C
Cone H2SO4 to pH <2
cooi,4°c :
ConcHNOjtopH <2
Cone HNOj to pH <2
Container <2)
P or G
P or G
PorG
P or G
PorG
PorG
PorG
P or G
P or G
PorG

PorG
PorG
PorG
PorG
PorG
Maximum Holding Time <3>
6 months - *,
•~* ' '
6 months ,
6 months
6 months
6 months
14 days
1 month
28 days
6 months

28 days
14 days
48 hours
6 months
6 months •
(1) If HNOJ cannot be used because of shipping restrictions, sample may be initially preserved by icing and immediately shipping it
    to the laboratory.  Upon receipt in the laboratory, the sample must be acidified with cone HNO3 to pH <2 and held for 16
    hours before analysis.                           '              -      '
(2) P « plastic, hard or soft; G = glass, hard or soft.
(3) In all cases, samples should be analyzed as soon after collection as possible.         .   .    •      ,      .
(4) Sec method(s) for the information for preservation.                     '

§141.23 (k) (6)  Laboratory Certification: Analysis
under this section shall only be conducted by
laboratories that have been certified by EPA or the
State. Laboratories may conduct sample analysis under
provisional certification until January  1,1996.  To
receive  certification to conduct analyses for antimony,
asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium; chromium,
cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel, nitrate, nitrite and
selenium and thallium, the laboratory must:
  (i) Analyze Performance Evaluation samples which
include those substances provide  by EPA Environmental
Monitoring Systems Laboratory or equivalent samples
provided by the State.
  (ii)  Achieve quantitative results on the analyses that
are within the following acceptance limits:
Contaminant
Antimony
Asbestos

Barium ,
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Cyanide
Fluoride
Mercury
Nickel
Nitrate
Nitrite
Selenium
Thallium
Acceptance Limit
± 30% at
2 standard
on study
± 15% at
±-15% at
± 20% at
± 15% at
±25% at
± 10% at
± 30% at
± 15% at
± 10% at
± 15% at
± 20% at
± 30% at
2:0.006 mg/1
deviations based
statistics
2:0.15 mg/1
2:0.001 mg/1
2:0.002 mg/1
2:0.01 mg/1
2:0.1 mg/1
1 to 10 mg/1
2:0.0005 mg/1
2:0.01 mgVl
2:0.4 mg/1 -
2:0.4 mg/1
2:0.01 mg/1
2:0.002 mg/1
                                                  -   12   -

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  UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                                     April,  1994
  §141.230)  Sampling Requirements for Arsenic:
  Analysis for the purpose of determining compliance with
  §141.11 shall be conducted using the requirements
  specified in paragraphs (1) through (q) of this section.
  §141.230) (1)  IOC Surface Water Sampling:
  Analysis for all community water systems utilizing
  surface water sources shall be completed by June 24,
  1978.  These analyses shall be repeated at yearly
  intervals.                          ...
  §141.230X2)  IOC Ground Water Sampling:
  Analyses for all community water systems utilizing only
  ground water sources shall be completed by June 24,
  1979.  These analyses shall be repeated at three year
  intervals.
  §141.230) (3)  NCWS Sampling: For non-community
  water systems, whether supplied by surface or ground
  sources, analyses for nitrate shall be completed by
  December 24,1980.  These analyses shall be repeated at
  intervals determined by the State.
  §141.230) (4)  State Authority: The State has the
  authority to determine compliance or initiate
  enforcement action based upon analytical results and
  other information compiled by their sanctioned
  representatives and agencies.
  §141.23(m)  Initially Exceeding the MCL: If the
  result of an analysis made under paragraph (1) of this
 section indicates that the level of any contaminant listed
  in §  141.11 exceeds the maximum contaminant level, the
 supplier of the water shall report to the State within 7
 days and initiate three additional analyses at the same
 sampling point within one month.
 §141.23(n) MCL Violations:  When the average of
 four analyses made pursuant to paragraph (m) of this
 section, rounded to the same number of significant
 figures as the maximum contaminant level for the
 substance in question, exceeds the maximum
 contaminant level, the supplier of water shall notify the
 State pursuant to § 141.31 and give notice to the public
 pursuant to § 141.32. Monitoring after public
 .notification shall be at a frequency designated by the
 State and shall continue until the maximum contaminant
'level has not been exceeded in two successive samples
 or until a monitoring schedule as a condition to a
 variance, exemption  or enforcement action shall become
' effective.                                 •

 §141.24  ORGANIC CHEMICALS OTHER
 THAN TOTAL TRIHALOMETHANES,
 SAMPLING & ANALYTICAL
 REQUIREMENTS

 §141.24(a)  Endrin  Monitoring: Monitoring of
 endrin  for purposes of determining compliance with the
 maximum contaminant level listed in §141.12(a) shall be
 conducted as follows:           .
  §14i.24(a)(l)  Surface Water Monitoring:  For all
  community water systems utilizing surface water sources,
  analyses shall be completed within one year following
  the effective date of this part. Samples analyzed shall
  be collected during the period of the year designated by
  the State as the period when contamination by
  pesticides is most likely to occur.  These analyses shall
1  be repeated at intervals specified by the State but in no
  event less frequently than at three year intervals.
  §141.24(a)(2) Ground Water Monitoring: For
  community water systems utilizing only ground water
  sources, analyses shall be completed by those systems
  specified by the State.
  §141.24(a)(3) Determining Compliance and
  Enforcement:  The State has the authority to
  determine compliance or initiate enforcement action
  based upon analytical results and other information
  compiled by their sanctioned representatives  and
  agencies.                            >
  §141.24(b) Exceedance of the MCL: If the result of
  an analysis made pursuant to paragraph (a) of this
 section indicates that I the level of any contaminant listed
 in §141.24(a) and (b)  exceeds the maximum
 contaminant level, the supplier of water shall report to
 the State within 7 days and initiate three additional   •
 analyses within one month^
 §141.24(c) Results of Additional Analysis: When
 the average of four analyses made pursuant to
 paragraph (b) of this, section rounded to the same
 number of significant  figures as the maximum
 contaminant level for  the substance in question, exceeds
 the maximum contaminant level, the supplier of water
 shall report to the State pursuant to  §141.31 and give
 notice to the public pursuant to §141.32.  Monitoring
 after public notification shall be at a frequency
 designated by the State and shall continue until the
 maximum contaminant level has not  been exceeded in
 two successive samples or until a monitoring schedule as
 a condition  to a variance, exemption or enforcement
 action shall become eiffective.       ".•••••
 §141.24(d) Grandfathering Data:  For the initial
, analysis required by paragraphs (a)(l) and (2) of this
' section, data for surface water acquired within one year  .
 prior to the effective .date of this part and data for
 ground water acquireilJ within three years prior to the
 effective date of this part may be substituted at the
 discretion of the State. '
 §141.24(e)  Endrin Analysis: Analysis made to
 determine compliance: with the maximum contaminant
 level for endrin in §141.12(a) shall be made in
 accordance with EPA  Methods 505, "Analysis of   ,
 Qrganohalide Pesticides and Commercial <
 Polychlorinated Biphenyl  Products (Aroclors) in Water
 by Microextraction and Gas Chromatography" and 508,
 "Determination of Chlorinated  Pesticides in Water by
 Gas Chromatography | With an Electron Capture
                                                 -   13

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UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                                    April,  1994
Detector."  The Methods are contained in "Methods f9
the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking
Water," ORD Publications, CERI, EPA/600/4-88/039,
July 1991.  These methods are available from the
National Technical Information Service (NT1S), U.S.
Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, VA 22161.  The toll-free number is 1-800-
336-4700.             ,
I   VOCs
§141.24(0 VOC Sampling Requirements:
lEd. note: §141.24(f) applies to all VOCs beginning Jan. 1,
1993]  Beginning with the initial compliance period,
analysis of the contaminants listed in §141.61(a)(l)
through (21) for the purpose of determining compliance
with the maximum contaminant level shall be conducted
as follows:
§141.24(0(1) VOC GW Monitoring: Groundwater
systems shall take a minimum of one sample at every
entry point to the distribution system which is
representative of each well after treatment (hereafter
called a sampling point):  Each sample must be taken at
the same sampling point unless conditions make another
sampling point more representative of each source,
treatment plant,  or within the distribution system.
§141.24(0(2) VOC SW Monitoring: Surface water
systems (or combined surface/ground) shall take a
minimum of one sample at .points in the distribution
system that are representative of each source or at each .
entry point to the distribution system after treatment  s
(hereafter called a sampling point). Each sample must
be taken at the same sampling  point unless conditions
make another sampling point more representative of
each source, treatment plant, or within the distribution
system.
§141.24(0(3) Multiple Sources: If the system draws
water from more than one source and the sources are
combined before distribution, the system must sample at
an entry point to 'the distribution system during periods
of normal operating conditions (i.e., when water
representative of all sources is being used).
§141.24(0(4) Initial VOCs Sampling Frequency:
Each community and non-transient non-community
water system shall take four consecutive quarterly
samples for each contaminant listed in §141.61 (a)(2)
through (21) during each compliance period, beginning
in the initial compliance.
§141.24(0(5) Results of Initial Sampling:  If the
initial monitoring for contaminants listed in
§141.61(a)(l) through (8) and the monitoring for the
contaminants listed in §141.61(a)(9) through  (21) as
allowed in paragraph (f)(18) has been completed by
December 31,1992, and the system did not detect any
contaminant listed in §141.61(a)(l) through (21), then
 each ground and surface water system shall take one
 sample annually beginning with the initial compliance  ;
 period. If the monitoring described in § 14L.24(f)(4) is
 completed on  or before December 31,1992, and the
 system did not detect any contaminant listed in §§
 141.62(a)(2)-(21), each ground and surface water system
 shall take one sample annually for the remainder of the
 compliance period.
 §141.24(0(6)  Reduced VOC Sampling for Ground
 Water Systems: After a minimum of three years of
 annual sampling, the Siate may allow groundwater ,
 systems with no previous detection of any contaminant
 listed in §141.61(a) to take one sample during each  '•
 compliance period.
 §141.24(0(7)  VOC Sampling Waivers:  Each
 community and non-transient non-community ground
 water system which does not detect a contaminant listed
 in §141.61(a)(l) through (21) may apply to the State for
 a waiver from the requirements of paragraphs (f)(5) and
 (f)(6) of this section after completing the initial
 monitoring.  (For purposes of this section, detection  is
 defined as £0.0005 mg/1.)  A waiver shall be effective
 for no more than six years (two'compliance periods).
 States may also issue waivers to small systems for the ••
 initial round of monitoring for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.
 §141.24(0(8)  Waiver Criteria: A State may grant a
 waiver after evaluating the following factor(s):
 §141.24(0(8)(i)  USE WAIVERS: Knowledge of
 previous use (including transport, storage, or disposal)
. of the contaminant within the watershed  or zone of
 influence of the system. .If a determination by the State
 reveals no previous use of the contaminant within the
 watershed or zone of influence, a waiver may be
 granted.             ' -
 §141.24(0(8)(ii)  SUSCEPTIBILITY WAIVERS: If
 previous use of the contaminant is unknown or, it has
 been used previously, then the  following factors shall be
 used to determine whether a waiver is granted.
 §141.24(0(8)(ii)(A)  Previous analytical results.
 §141.24(0 (8) (ii)(B)  The proximity of the system to a
 potential  point or non-point  source of contamination.
 Point sources  include spills and leaks of chemicals at or
 near a water treatment facility or at manufacturing,
 distribution, or storage facilities, or from hazardous and
 municipal waste landfills and other waste handling or "
 treatment facilities.
 §141.24(0 (8) (ii)(C)  The environmental persistence
 and transport  of the contaminants.
 §141.24(0(8)(ii)(D)  The"number of persons served by
 the public water system and  the proximity of a smaller
 system to a larger system.
 §141.24(0(8)(ii)(E)  How well the water source is
 protected against contamination, such as whether it  is a
 surface or groundwater system.  Groundwater systems
 must consider factors such as depth  of the well, the  type
                                                -   14  -

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 UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                                     April,  1994
 of soB, and wellhead protection.  Surface water systems
 must consider watershed protection.
 §141.24(0(9) VOC Waivers for 
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UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
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§141.24(0(14)0") Restrictions on Composite
Sampling:  Compositing may only be permitted by the
State at sampling points within a single system, unless
the population served by the system is <3,300 persons.
In systems serving <3,300 persons, the State may permit
compositing among different systems provided the 5-
sample limit is maintained.
§141.24(0(14)0v) Instructions for Compositing
Samples Prior to GC Analysis:
§141.24(0(14)(iv)(A)  Add 5 ml or equal larger
amounts of each sample (up to 5 samples are allowed)
to a 25 ml glass syringe. Special precautions must be
made to maintain zero headspace in the syringe.
§141.24(0(14)(iv)(B)  The-samples must be cooled at
4°C during this step to minimize volatilization losses.
§141.24(0(14)(iv)(C)  Mix well and draw out a 5-ml
aliquot for analysis.
§141.24(0(14)Ov)(D) Follow sample introduction,  „_
purging, and desorption steps described in the method.
§141.24(0(14)(iv)(E)  If less than five samples are
used for compositing, a proportionately small syringe
may be used.                   •
§141.24(0(14)(v)  Compositing Samples Prior to
GC/MS Analysis:
§141.24(0 (14) (v) (A)  Inject 5-ml or equal larger
amounts of each aqueous sample (up to 5 samples are
allowed)  into a 25-ml purging device using the sample
 introduction technique described in the method.
 §141.24(0 (14) (v)(B)  The total volume of the sample
 in the purging device must be 25 ml.
 §141.24(0(14)(v)(C) 'Purge and desorb as described
 in the method.
 §141.24(0(15)  VOC Compliance Calculations:
 Compliance with §141.61(a)(l) through (21) shall be
 determined based on the analytical results obtained at
 each sampling point,
 §141.24(0(15X0  Multiple Samples in a Year: For
 systems which-are conducting monitoring at a frequency
 greater than annual, compliance is determined by a
 running annual  average of all samples taken at each
 sampling point. If the annual average of any sampling
 point is greater than the  MCL, then the system is out of
 compliance. If the initial sample or a subsequent
 sample would cause the annual average to be exceeded,
 then the system is out of compliance immediately.
 §141.24(0(15)00  One or Less Samples a Yean  If
 monitoring is conducted  annually, or less frequently, the
 system is out of compliance if the level of a contaminant
 at any sampling point is greater  than the MCL. If a
 confirmation sample is required  by the State, the
 determination of compliance will be based on the-
 average of two samples.
 §141.24(0(15)010 Separable Distribution
 Systems:  If a public water system has a distribution
                                   April,  1994

system separable from other parts of the distribution
system with no interconnections, the State may allow the
system to give public notice to only that area served by
that portion of the system which is out of compliance.
§141.24(0(16)  VOC Analytical Methods:  Analysis
for the contaminants listed in §141.61(a)(l) through (21)
shall be conducted using the following EPA methods or
their equivalent as approved by EPA.  These methods
are contained in Methods for the Determination of
Organic Compounds in Drinking Water, EPA/600/4-
88/039, December 1988,Revised July 1991, and ire
available from the National Technical Information
Service (NTIS) NTIS PB91-23148Q and PB91-146027,
VS. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, Virginia 22161. The toll-free number is
800-553-6847.
§141.24(0 (16) (i)  Method 502.1:  "Volatile
Halogenated Organic Chemicals in Water by Purge and
Trap Gas Chromatography."
§141.24(0(16)00 Method 502.2: "Volatile Organic
Compounds in Water by Purge and Trap Capillary
Column Gas Chromatography with Photoionization and
Electrolytic Conductivity Detectors in Series.?
§141.24(f) (16) (Hi) Method 503.1: "Volatile Aromatic
and  Unsaturated Organic Compounds in Water by
Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography."
§141.24(1) (16) (iv)  Method 524.1: "Measurement of
Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Purged
Column  Gas  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry."
§141.24(0 (16) (v) Method 524.2: "Measurement of
Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary
Column  Gas  Chromatography/Mass Spectrpmetry."
§141.24(0(17)  VOCs Laboratory Certification:
Analysis, under this section shall only be conducted by
laboratories that are certified by EPA or the State
 according to  the following conditions (States may grant
provisional certification until January  1,1996):          *V
 §141.24(0(17)0) To receive certification to conduct
 analyses for the contaminants  in §141.61(a)(2) through
 (21) the. laboratory must:
 §141.24(0 (17) (0 (A) Analyze Performance Evaluation
 samples which include these substances provided by
 EPA Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory or
 equivalent samples provided by the State.
 §141.24(0 (17) (0 (B) Achieve the quantitative
 acceptance limits under paragraphs (f)(17)(i)(C) and
 (D) of this section for at least 80 percent of the
 regulated organic chemicals listed in §141.61(a)(2)
 through (2i).           .               ,      ,. '
 §141.24(0 (17) (i)(Q  Achieve quantitative results on
 analyses performed under paragraph  (f)(17)(i)(A) of
 this section within ± 20% of the  actual amount of the
 substances in the Performance Evaluation sample when
 the actual amount is greater than or equal to 0.010 mg/J.
                                                 -   16  -

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  UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                                     April,  1994
  §141.24(f)(17)(i)(D)  Achieve quantitative results on
  the analyses performed under paragraph (f)(17)(i)(A) of
  this section that are within ± 40 percent of the actual
  amount of the substances in the Performance Evaluation
  sample when the actual amount is less that 0.010 trig/I.
  §141.24(f) (17) (i)(£) Achieve a method detection limit
  of 0.0005 tag/I, according to the procedures in Appendix
  B of Part 136.                                 /.
  §141.24(1) (17) (ii)  Laboratory Certification for
  Vinyl  Chloride:- To receive certification for vinyl
  chloride, the laboratory must:                  '
  §141.24(0(17)(ii)(A)  Analyze Performance      '
  Evaluation samples provided by EPA Environmental
  Monitoring Systems Laboratory or equivalent samples
  provided by the State.
  §141.24(0 (17) (ii)(B)  Achieve quantitative results on
  the analyses performed under paragraph (f)(17)(ii)(A)
  of this section that are within ± 40 percent of the
  amount of vinyl-chloride in the Performance Evaluation
  sample.  .•'.'-   .                     :  .   '
  §141.24(0(17)(ii)(C)  Achieve a method detection
  limit of 0.0005 mg/1, according to the procedures in
  Appendix B of Part  136.
  §141.24(0(17)(ii)CP)  Obtain certification for the
  contaminants listed in §141.61(a)(2) through (21).
  §141.24(0(18)  Grandfathered VOC Data: States
  may allow the use of monitoring data collected after
 January 1, 1988, required under section 1445 of the Act
 for purposes of initial monitoring compliance. If the
 data are generally consistent with the other
 requirements of this  section, the State may use thes,e
 data (i.e., a single sample rather than four quarterly
 samples) to satisfy the initial monitoring requirement of •
 paragraph (f)(4) of this section. Systems which use
 grandfathered samples and die! not detect'any
 contaminant listed §141.61(a)(2) through (21) shall
 begin monitoring annually in  accordance with paragraph
 (f)(5) of this section beginning with the initial
 compliance period.
 §141.24(0(19)  Increased VOC Sampling: States
 may increase required monitoring where necessary to
 detect variations within the system.
 §141;24(0(20)  Laboratory Certification: Each
 approved laboratory must determine the method
 detection limit (MDL), as defined in Appendix B to
 Part 136, at which it  is capable of detecting VOCs. The
 acceptable MDL is 0.0005 mg/1. This concentration is
 the detection concentration for purposes of this section.  '
 §141.24(0(21)  State Designated VOC Sampling
 Schedules: Each public water system shall monitor at
 the time designated by the State within  each compliance
 period.                 .
          SOCs
   Phase I VOCs
Ed. Note:  § 141.24(g) described monitoring requirements
for the eight VOCs under Phase I.  These requirements
have since become obsolete and have therefore been deleted
from this consolidation of the rules.    '
  §141.24(h)  SOC Sampling Requirements: Analysis
  of the contaminants listed in §141.61(c) for the purposes
  of determining compliance with the maximum
  contaminant level shiill be conducted as follows:       .
  §141.24(h)(l) SOC Ground Water Monitoring
  Protocols:  Groundv/ater systems shall take a minimum
  of one sample at eveiy entry point to the distribution
  system which is representative of each well after
  treatment (hereafter balled a sampling point). Each
  sample must be taken at 'the same sampling point unless
 1 conditions make another  sampling point more
  representative of each source or treatment plant
  §141.24(h)(2) SOC Surface Water Monitoring:
  Surface water systems shall take a minimum of one
  sample at points in the distribution system that are
  representative of each source or at each entry point to
  the distribution system after treatment (hereafter called
  a sampling point).  Each sample must be taken at the .
  same sampling point unless conditions make another
  sampling point, more representative of each  source or
  treatment plant.  [Note:  For purposes of this
  paragraph, surface wjiter systems include systems with a
  combination of surface and ground sources. ]
  §141.24(h)(3) SOCs - Multiple Sources: If the
  systep draws water from more than one source and the
  sources are combined before distribution, the system
  must sample at an entry point to the distribution  system
. during periods of nominal operating conditions (i.e.,
  when water representative of all sources is being used).
  §141.24(h)(4)  SOC Monitoring Frequency:
  §141.24(h)(4)(i)  Initial  Sampling: Each community
  and non-transient non-community water system shall
  take four consecutive  quarterly samples for each
  contaminant listed in §141.61(c) during each compliance .
  period beginning with, the  initial compliance period.
  §141.24(h) (4) (ii)  Repeat SOC Sampling > 3,300:
  Systems serving more than 3,300 persons which do not
 detect a contaminant in the initial compliance period,
 may reduce the sampling frequency to a minimum of
 two quarterly samples] in one, year during each repeat
 compliance period.    ,        , '      •
 §141.24(h)(4)(iii)  Repeat SOC Sampling £3,300:
 Systems serving less than or equal to 3300 persons
 which do not detect a! contaminant in the  initial
 compliance period may', reduce, the sampling frequency
 to a minimum of one sample during each repeat
 compliance period,   j
 §141.24(h)(5) SOC 1 Sampling Waivers: Each
 community and non-transient water system may apply to
 the State for a waiver jfrpm the requirement -of
 paragraph-(h)(4) of this section. A system must reapply
 for a waiver for each compliance period.
 §141.24(h)(6) Bases of an  SOC Sampling Waiver:
 A State may  grant a waiver after evaluating the
                                                -   17  -

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 following factors): Knowledge of previous use
 (including transport, storage, or disposal) of the
 contaminant within the wateished or zone of influence   •
 of the system.  If a determination by the State reveals
 no previous use of the contaminant within the watershed
 or zone of influence, a waiver may be granted. If
 previous use of the contaminant  is unknown or it has
 been used previously, then the following fectors shall be
 used to determine whether a waiver is granted.
 §141.24(h)(6)(i) Previous analytical results.
 §14L2400(6)(«) The proximity of the system to a,
 potential point or non-point source of contamination.
 Point sources include spills and leaks of chemicals at or
 near a water treatment facility or at manufacturing,
 distribution, or storage facilities, or from hazardous and
 municipal waste landfills and other waste handling or
 treatment facilities. Non-point sources include the use ot
 pesticides to control insect and weed pests on
 agricultural areas, forest lands, home and gardens, and
 other land application uses.
 §141.2400 (6)("0 The environmental persistence and
 transport of the pesticide or PCBs.
 §141.24(h)(6)(iv)  How well the water source is
 protected against contamination due to such factors as   •
 depth of the well and the type ofsoZ and the 'mte&W
' of the well casing.
  §141.24 00 (6) (v)  Elevated nitrate levels at the water
  supply source.
  §141.24(h)(6)(vi) Use of PCBs in equipment used in
  the production, storage, or distribution of water (U.,
  PCBs used in pumps, transformers, etc.).
  §141.24(h)(7)  Detection of an SOC: If an organic
  contaminant listed in §141.61(c) is detected (as defined
  by paragraph (h)(18) of this section) in any sample,
  then:
  §141.24(h)(7)(i)  Increase SOC Sampling: Each
  system must monitor quarterly  at each sampling point
  which resulted in a detection.
  §141.24(h)(7)(ii) R & C Below MCL:  The State
  may decrease the quarterly monitoring requirement
  specified in paragraph (7)(i) of this section provided it
  has determined that  the system is reliably and
  consistently below the maximum contaminant level. In
  no case shall the State make this determination unless a
  groundwater system  takes a minimum of two quarterly
  samples and a surface water system takes a minimum of
   four-quarterly samples.
   §141.24(h)(7)(iii)  Reduced SOC Sampling After
   Detection:  After the State determines the system is
   reliably and  consistently below the maximum
   contaminant level, the State may allow the system to
   monitor annually. Systems which monitor annually must
   monitor during the quarter that previously yielded the
   highest analytical result.                        ,
                                   April,  1994


§141.24(h)(7)(iv)  SOC Sampling Waivers After
Detection: Systems which have 3 consecutive annual
samples with no detection of a contaminant may apply  ,
to the State for a waiver as specified in paragraph (h)(6)
Of this section.
§14L24(n)(7)(v) Detection within a Family of
SOCs: If monitoring results in detection of one or
more of certain related contaminants (aldicarb, aldicarb
sulfone, aldicarb sulforide and heptachldr, heptachlor
epoxide), then subsequent monitoring shall analyze for
all related contaminants.
§141.24(h)(8) R&CBelowMCLAftera
Violation: Systems which violate the requirements of
§141.61(c) as determined by paragraph (h)(ll) of this
section must monitor quarterly.  After a minimum of
four quarterly samples show the system is in compliance
and the State determines the system is reliably and
consistently below the MCL, as specified in paragraph
(h)(ll) of this section, the system shall monitor at the
frequency specified  in paragraph (h)(7)(iii) of this
section.             '                     .     •
 §141.2400 (?) SOC Confirmation Sampling: The
 State may require a confirmation sample for positive or
 negative results. If a confirmation sample is required by
 the State, the result must be averaged with the first
 sampling result and the average used for the  compliance
 determination as specified by paragraph (h)(ll) of this %
 section. States have discretion to delete results of
 obvious sampling errors from this calculation.
 §141.2400(10)  Composite SOC Sampling: The
 state may reduce the total number of samples a system
 must analyze by allowing the use of compositing.
 Composite samples from a maximum of five sampling
 points are allowed, provided that the detection limit of
 the method used for analysis is less than one-fifth of the
 MCL,  'Compositing pf samples must be done in the
 laboratory and analyzed within 14  days of sample
 collection.  If the concentration in the composite sample
  is 2= 1/5 MCL, a follow-up sample must be taken within
  14 days at each sampling point included in the
  composite.  These  samples must be analyzed for the
  contaminants) s  1/5  MCL in the composite sample.
 ••§141.2400 (10) (i) Detection in a Composite
  Sample: If the concentration  in the composite sample
  detects one or more contaminants listed in §141.61(c),
  then a follow-up sample must be taken and  analyzed
  within 14 days from each sampling point included in the
  composite.
  §141.2400 (10) (»)  Duplicate Composite Samples:
  If duplicates of the original sample taken from each
  sampling point used in the composite are available, the
  system may use these duplicates instead.of resampling.
  The duplicate must be analyzed and the results reported
  to the State within 14 days of collection.
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                                    April,   1994
 §141.24(h)(10) (Hi) Population Restrictions on
 Composite Sampling: If the population served by the
 system is >3,300 persons, then compositing may only be
 permitted by the State  at sampling points within a single
 system. In systems serving £3,300 persons, the State
 may permit compositing among different systems .
 provided the 5-sample limit is maintained.
 §141.24(h)(ll) SOC Compliance Calculations:
 Compliance with §141.61(c) shall be determined based.
 on the analytical results obtained at each sampling
 point.                                         <
 §141.24(h) (11) (i)  >  One Sample a Yean For
 systems which are conducting  monitoring at a frequency
 greater than annual, compliance is determined by a
 running annual average of all  samples taken at each
 sampling point If the annual average of any sampling
 point is greater than the MCL, then the system is out of
 compliance.  If the initial sample or a subsequent
 sample would cause the annual average to be exceeded,
 then the system is out of compliance immediately. Any
 samples below the detection limit shall be calculated as
 zero for purposes of determining the annual average.
 §141.2400(11)00  , £ One Sample a Yean If  ,
 monitoring is conducted annually, or less frequently, the
 system is out of compliance if the level of a contaminant
 at any sampling point is greater than the MCL.  If a
 confirmation  sample is  required by the State, the
 determination of compliance will be based on the
 average of two samples.
 §141.2400(11)0")  Separable Distribution
 Systems: If a public water system has a distribution
 system separable from other parts of the distribution
 system with no interconnections, the State may allow the
 system to give public notice to; only that portion of the
 system which is out of compliance.
 §141.2400(12) SOC  Analytical Methods: Analysis
 for the contaminants listed in § 141.6l(c) and for endrin
 in §141.12(a) shall be conducted using the following
 EPA methods or their equivalent as approved by EPA.
These methods are contained  in Methods for the
Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water,
 EPA/600/4-90/020, July, 1990, Environmental Systems
 Monitoring Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268. These
documents  are available from the National Technical
Information Service  (NTTS) NTIS PB91-231480, PB91-
 146027 and PB92-207703, U.S. Department of
Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield/Virginia
22161. The toll-free number is 1-800-553-6847.
§141.240i) (12)(i)   Method 504: "1,2-Dibromoethane
(EDB) and l,2-Dibrpmo-3-chlorbpropane (DBCP) in
Water by Microextraction -and Gas Chromatography."
Method 504 can be used to measure       ,
dibromochloropropane  (DBCP) and ethylene dibromide
(EDB).
§141.2400(12)00  Method 505: "Analysis of
Organohalide Pesticides and Commercial
 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Products (Aroclors) in Water
 by Microextraction and Gas Chromatography."   Method
 505 can be used to measure alachlor, atrazine,
 chlordane, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide,
 hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene,  lindane,
 methoxychlor, toxaphene, and simazine. Method 505 '
 can be used as a screen for PCBs.
 §141.24(h)(12)(iii)  Method 507: "Determination of
 Nitrogen- and Phosphorus-Containing Pesticides in
 Ground Water by Gas; Chromatography with a
 Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector." Method 507 can be
 used to measure alachlor, atrazine and simazine.
 §141.2400(12)(iv)  Method 508: "Determination of
 Chlorinated Pesticides in Water by Gas
 Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector."
 Method 508 can be used to measure chlordane,  endrin,
 heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene,
 lindane, methoxychlor and toxaphene.  Method 508 can
 be used as a screen for PCBs.
 § 141.24(h) (12) (v)  Method 508A:  "Screening for
 Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Perchlorination and Gas
 Chromatography." Method 508A is used to quantitate
 PCBs as decachlorobiphenyl if detected in Methods 505
 or 508.                      ,
 §141.24(h) (12) (vi)   Method 515.1:  "Determination
 of Chlorinated Acids in Water by Gas Chromatography  •
 with an Electron Capture Detector."  Method 515.1 can
 be used to measure 2,4-D, dalapon, dinoseb,
 pentachlorophenol, picloram, and 2,4,5-TP (Silvex).
 §141.2400(12)(vii)  Method 525.1:  "Determination
 of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water by Liquid- •
 Solid Extraction and- Capillary Column Gas
 Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry" Method 525.1 can
 be used to measure alachlor, atrazine, chlordane, di(2-
 ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, endrin, •
 heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene,
 hexachlorocyclopentadiene, lindane; methoxychlor,
 pentachlorophenol, pah/nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons,
 simazine, and toxaphene.            ,
 §141.2400(12)(viii)  Method 531.1:  "Measurement of
 N-Methyl Carbamoykxdmes and N-Methyl Carbamates
 in  Water by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLCwit^
 Post-Column Derivatizatipn." Method 531.1 can be used
 to  measure aldicarb, aidicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone,
 and carbofuran and ojiamyl.
 §141.240i) (12) (ix)  Method 1613:  Tetra-through
 Octa- Chlorinated  Dibxins and Furans by Isotope
 Dilution."  Method 16:13 can be used to measure 2,3,7,8-
TCDD (dioxin). This method  is available from USEPA-
OST, Sample Control Center, P.O. Box 1407,
Alexandria, VA 22313.
§141,240i) (12) (x) Method 547: "Analysis of
Glypbosate in Drinking Water by Direct Aqueous
Injection HPLC with Post-Column Derivatization"
Method 547 can be used to measure glyphosate.
                                                -  19   -

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                                                                                           April,  1994
§141.24(b) (12) (»)  Method 548: "Determination of
Endothall in Aqueous Samples."  Method 548 can be
used to measure endothall.
§141J54(h)(12)(rii)  Method 549: "Determination of
Diquat and Paraquat in Drinking Water by High
Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet
Detection. Method 549 can be used to measure diquat.
§141.2400 (12) (xiii) Method 550:  "Determination of
Polycydic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Drinking Water by
Liquid-Liquid Extraction and HPLC with Coupled
Ultraviolet and Fluorescence Detection". Method 550 •
can be used to measure benzo(a)pyrene and other
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
§141.24(h) (12) (xiv) Method 550.1: "Determination
of Polycydic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Drinking Water
by Liquid-Solid Extraction and HPLC with Coupled
Ultraviolet and Fluorescence Detection". Method 550.1
can be used to measure benzo(a)pyrene and other
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.     ,
§141.2400(13)  Analysis for PCBs: Analysis for
FOBS shall be conducted as follows:
§141.24(h)(13)(i) Each system which monitors for
PCBs shall analyze each sample using either Method
505 or Method 508 (see paragraph (h)(12) of this
section).
§141.24(h) (13) (ii)  If PCBs (as one of seven Aroclors)
arc detected (as designated in this paragraph) in any
sample analyzed using Methods 505 or 508, the system
shall reanalyze the sample  using Method 508A to
quantitate PCBs (as decachlorobiphenyl).
Aroclor
1016
1221
1232
1242
1248
1254
1260
Detection Limit ,
(rag/1)
0.00008
0.02
0.0005
0.0003
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
 §141.24(h)(13)(iii)  PCB Method: Compliance with
 the PCB MCL shall be determined based upon the
 quantitative results of analyses using Method 508A.
 §141.24(h)(14)  Grandfathered SOC Data: If
 monitoring data collected  after January 1,1990; are
 generally consistent with the requirements of §141.24(h),
 then the State may allow systems to use that data to
 satisfy the monitoring requirement for the initial
 compliance  period beginning January 1,1993.
§141.2400(15)  Increased SOC Sampling:  The
State may increase the required monitoring frequency,
where necessary, to detect variations within the system
(e.g., fluctuations in concentration due to seasonal use,
changes in water source).
§141.24(h)(16)  State Enforcement: The State has
the authority to determine compliance or initiate
enforcement action based upon analytical results and
other information compiled by their sanctioned
representatives and agencies.
§141.24(h)(17)  State Designated Sampling
Schedules: Each public water system shall monitor at
the time designated by the State within each compliance
period.
§141.24(10(18)  SOC Trigger Levels for Increased
Sampling:  Detection as used in this paragraph shall be
defined as greater than or equal to the following
concentrations for each contaminant  [Ed. Note:  These
numbers not treated as performance criteria for lab certi-
fication. That criteria is listed under § 14L24(h)(19). ]
             Contaminant
   Alachlor
   Aldicarb
   Aldicarb sulfoxide
   Aldicarb sulfone
   Atrazine
   Benzofa]pyrene
   Carboruran
   Chlordane
   Dalapon               .
   Dibromochloropropane  (DBCP)
   Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
   Di(2rethylhexyl)phthalate
   Dinoseb
   Diquat
   2,4-D
   Endothall
   Endrin
   Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
   G-lyphosate
   Heptachlor1 '      ,
   Heptachlor epoxide
   Hexachlorobenzene
   Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
   Lindane
   Methoxychlor
   Oxamyl
   Picloram
   Polychlorinated biphenyls
     (PCBs) (as decachlorobiphenyl)
   Pentachlpropheriol
   Simazine
   Toxaphene    ,
   23,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)
   "2,4,5-TP fSilvexl
 Detection
Limit (mg/1)
0.0002
0.0005
0.0005
0.0008
0.0001
0.00002
0.0009
0.0002
0.001
0.00002
0.0006
0.0006
0.0002
0.0004
0.0001
0.009
0.00001
0.00001
0.006
0.00004
0.00002
0.0001
0.0001
0.00002
0.0001
0.002
0.0001

0.0001
0.00004
0.00007
0.001
 0.000000005
 0.0002
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                                   April,  1994
 §141.24(h)(19) Laboratoty Certification: Analysis
 under this section shall only be conducted by
 laboratories that have received certification by EPA or
 the State and have met the following conditions:  ' .
 §141.24(h)(19)(i)  To receive certification to conduct
 analyses for the contaminants in §141.61(c) the
 laboratory must:
 §141.24(h)(19)(i)(A)  Analyze Performance Evaluation
 samples which include those substances provided  by   .
 EPA Environmental Monitoring and Support
 Laboratory or equivalent samples provided by the State.
 §141.24(h)(19)(i)(B)  Achieve quantitative results on
 the analyses that are within the following acceptance
 limits:                ,
Contaminant
DBCP
EDB
Alachlor
Atrazine • ,
Benzo[a]pyrene
Carbofuran
Chlordane
Dalapon
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
Pi(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Dinoseb
Diquat
Endothail
Endrin
Glyphosate
Heptachlor ,
Heptachlor Epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Lindane
Methoxychlor
Oxamyl
PCBs (as Decachloro-
biphenyl)
Picloram
Simazine • •
Toxaphene
Aldicarb .
Aldicarb Sulfoxide
Aldicarb Sulfone
Pentachlorophenol
2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)
2,4-D
2,4,5-TP (SUvex)
Acceptance Limit
(percent) -
±40
±40
±45
±45
2 standard deviations
±45
±45
2 standard deviations
2 standard deviations
2 standard deviations
2 standard deviations
2 standard deviations
2 standard deviations
±30
2 standard deviations
±45
±45
2 standard deviations
2 standard deviations
±45
±45
2 standard deviations

0-200
2 standard deviations
2 standard deviations
± 45 .
2 standard deviations
2 standard deviations
2 standard deviations
±50 ;
2 standard 'deviations
±50
±50
§141.24(h) (19) (ii)  [Reserved]
 §141,27 ALTERNATE ANALYTICAL
 TECHNIQUES

 §141.27 (a)  Requirements for Permission: With the
 written permission of Ihe State, .concurred in by the
 Administrator Of the U.S. EPA, an alternate analytical
 technique may be employed. An alternate technique
 shall be accepted only if it is substantially equivalent to
 the prescribed test in toth precision and accuracy as it
 relates to the determination of compliance with any
 MCE. The use of the alternate analytical technique
 shall not decrease the frequency of monitoring required
 by this part.       • '•:                  ••''.'

 §141.29 MONITORING OF CONSECUTIVE
 PUBLIC WATER iSYSTEM
      ••             •! .            •          ,  •
-*      .'            I   '
  When a public water system supplies water to one or
 more other public watersystems, the State may modify
 the monitoring requirements imposed by this part to the
 extent that the interconnection of the systems justifies
 treating them as a single system for monitoring
 purposes. Any modified monitoring shall be conducted
 pursuant  to a schedule specified by the State and
 concurred in by the Administrator of the U.S.
 Environmental Protection Agency.
                   • i        • . '.    ,  . -      •  • •

 SUBPART D — REPORTING, PUBLIC
 NOTIFICATION AND
 RECORDKEEPING
§141.31  REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

§14131 (a) Timing: Except where a shprter period is
specified in this part, the supplier of water shall report
to the State the results of any test measurement or
analysis required by the part within (1) the first ten days,
following the month in which the result is received, or
(2) the first ten days following the end of the required,
monitoring period as stipulated by the State, whichever
of these is shortest.
§14L3i(b) Failure to Comply with National
Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Except
where a different reporting period is specified in this
part, the supplier of water must report to the State
within 48 hours the failure to comply with any national  "
primary drinking water regulation (including  failure to
comply with monitoring requirements) set forth in  this
part.   -  '        'I               •
§14L31(c)  State Laboratory Reporting:  The
supplier of water is hot required to report analytical
results to the State in cases where a State laboratory
performs the analysis  and reports the results  to the
                                              -   21  -

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State office which would normally receive such
notification from the supplier.
§14131(d)  Notifying the State: The water supply
system, within ten days of completion of each public.
notification required pursuant to §14132, shall submit
to the State a representative copy of each type of notice
distributed, published, posted, and/or made available to
the persons served by the system and/or to the media.
§14131(e)  Submittal of Records: The water supply
system shall submit to the State within the time stated
in the request copies of any records required to be   .
maintained under §141.33 hereof or copies of any
documents then in existence which the State or the
Administrator is entitled to inspect pursuant to the
authority of section 1445 of the Safe Drinking Water
Act or the equivalent provisions of State law.

§141.32 GENERAL PUBLIC NOTICE
REQUIREMENTS

§14132(a)  Notice of Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL), Treatment Technique,and Variance
and Exemption Schedule Violations: The owner or
operator of a public water system which fails to comply
with an  applicable MCL or treatment technique
established by this part or which fails to comply with the
requirements of any schedule prescribed pursuant to a
variance or exemption, shall notify persons served by.the
system as follows:
 §14132(a)(l)  Procedures for Giving Notice:
 Except as provided in paragraph  (a)(3) of this section,
 the owner ot operator of a public water system must
 give notice:
 §141 J2(a)(l)(i) Notice by Publication: By
 publication in a dally newspaper  of general circulation
 in the area served by the system as soon as possible, but
 in no case later than 14 days after the violation or
 failure.  If the area  served by a public water system is
 not served by a daily newspaper of general circulation
'serving  the area; and
 §14132(a)(l)(ii)  Notice by Mail:  By mail delivery
 (by direct mail or with the water toll), or by had
 delivery, not later than 45 days after the violation or
 failure.  The State may waive mail or'hand delivery if it
 determines that the owner or operator of the public
 water system in violation has corrected the violation or
 failure within the 45-day period. The State must make
 the waiver in writing arid within the 45-day period; and
 §14132(a)(l)(ui)  Violations Posing Acute Health
 Risk:  Fbr violations of the MCLs of contaminants that
 may pose an acute risk to human health, by furnishing a
 copy of the notice to the radio and television stations
 serving the area served by the public water system as
 soon as possible but in no case later than 72 hours after
 the violation. The following violations are acute
 violations:              .               •.,...._
 §141.32(a)(l)(iii)(A)  Any violations specified by the
 State as posing an acute risk to human health.
 §14L32(a)(l)(Hi)(B)  Violation of the MCL for
 nitrate or nitrite as defined in §141.11(b) and
 determined according to §141.23(i)(3),
 §14132(a)(2) Repeat Notice Requirements: Dccept
 as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, following
 the initial notice given under paragraph (a)(l) of this
 section, the owner or operator of the public water
 system must give notice at least once every three months
 by mail delivery (by direct mail or with the water bill) or
 by hand delivery, for as long as the violation or failure
 exists.                              ' '.      ,
  §14L32(a)(3)(i) Notice in Areas Not Served by
  Newspapers: In lieu of the requirements of
 paragraphs (a)(l) and (2) of this section, the owner or
  operator of a community water system in  an area that is
  not served by a  daily or weekly newspaper of general
  circulation must give notice by hand delivery or by
  continuous posting in conspicuous places within the area
  served by the system. Notice by hand delivery or
  posting must begin as soon as possible, but no later than
  72 hours after thfc violation or failure for  acute
  violations (as defined in paragraph (a)(l)(iii) of this
•  section), or 14 days after the violation or failure (for stay
  other violation). Posting must continue for as long as
  the violation or failure exists.  Notice by hand delivery
  must be repeated at least every three months for as long
  as the violation or failure exists.    •               ,
  §141-32(a)(3)(ii)  Notice for Noncommunity Water
  Systems: In lieu of the requirements of paragraphs
  (a)(l) and (2) of this section, the owner or operator of a
  noncommunity water system may give notice by hand
  delivery or by continuous posting in conspicuous places
  within the areas served by the system. Notice by hand
  delivery or posting must begin  as soon as possible,  but
  no later than 72 hours after the violation or failure for
  acute violations (as defined in paragraph (a)(l)(m) of
  this section), or 14 days after the violation or failure
  (for any other violation). Posting must continue for as
  long as the violation or failure exists. Notice by hand
  delivery must be repeated at least every three months
   for as long as the violation  or failure exists.
   §14132(b)  Other Violations, Variances,
   Exemptions:  The owner or operator of a public water
   system which fails to perform monitoring required by
   section 1445(a) of the Act (including monitoring
   required by the National Primary Drinking Water
   Regulations (NPDWRs) of this part), fails to comply
   with a testing procedure established by this part, is
   subject to a variance granted under section
   1415(a)(l)(A) or 1415(a)(2) of the Act, or is subject to
   an exemption under section 1416 of the Act, shall notify
   persons served by the system as follows:
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                                    April,  1994
* §14132(b)(l) Timing & Method of Notice: Except
  as provided in paragraph (b)(3) or (b)(4) of this section,
  the owner or operator of a public water system must
  give notice within three months of the violation or
  granting of a variance or exemption by publication in a
  daily newspaper of general circulation in the area served
  by the'system.  If the area served by a public water
  system is not served, by a daily newspaper of general
  circulation, notice shall instead be given publication in a
  weekly newspaper of general circulation serving the
  area.                                              .
  §14132(b)(2) Repeat Notice: Except as provided in
  paragraph (b)(3) or (b)(4) of this section, following the
  initial notice given under paragraph (b)(l) of this
  section, the owner or operator of the pubic water system
  must give notice,at least once every three months by
  mail delivery (by direct mail or with the water bill) or by
  hand delivery, for as long as the violation exists. Repeat
  notice of the existence of a variance or exemption must
  be given every three months for as long as the variance
  or exemption remains in effect.
  §14132(b)(3)(i)  Notification in Area not Served
  by Newspaper:  In lieu of the requirements of
  paragraphs (b)(l) and (b)(2) of this section, the owner
  or operator of a community water system in an area that
  is not served by a daily or weekly newspaper of general
  circulation must give noticevwithin three months of the
  violation or granting of the variance or exemption, by
  hand delivery or by continuous posting in conspicuous
  places with the area served by the system. Posting must
  continue for as long as the violation exists or a variance
  or exemption remains in effects. Notice by hand
  delivery must be repeated at least every three months  ,
  for as long as the violation exists or a variance  or
  exemption remains in effect.           .
  §14132(b)(3)(ii)  Notification for Non-Community
  Water Systems: In lieu of the requirements of
  paragraphs (b)(l) and (b)(2) of this section, the owner
  or operator of a non-community water system may give
  notice, within three months of the violation or the
  granting of .the variance or exemption, by hand .delivery
  or by continuous posting in conspicuous places within
  the  area served by the system.' Posting must continue
  for as long as the violation exists, or a variance or
  exemption remains in effect. Notice  by hand delivery
  must be repeated at least every three months for as long
  as the violation exists or a variance or exemption
  remains in effect.
  §14132(b)(4)  Notification of Minor Monitoring
  Violations:  In lieu of the requirements of paragraphs
  (b)(l), (b)(2), and (b)(3) of this section, the owner or
  operator of a public water system, at the discretion of *
  the  State, may provide less frequent notice for minor
  monitoring violations as defined by the State, if EPA
  has  approved the State's application  for a program
revision under § 142.16.  Notice of such violations must
be given no less frequently than annually.
§14U2(c)  Notice to New Billing Units: The owner
or operator of a community water system must give a
copy of the most recent public notice for any
outstanding violation of any maximum contaminant
level, or any treatment technique requirement, or any
variance or exemption .schedule to all new billing units .
or new hookups prior to or at the time service begins.
§14L32(d)  Content of Public Notices:  Each notice
required by this section must provide a clear and readily
understandable explanation of the violation, any
potential adverse health effects, the population at risk, .<
the steps that the public water system is taking to
correct such violation, the necessity for seeking
alternative water supplies, if any, and any preventive
measures the consumer should take until the violation is
corrected. Each notice stiall be conspicuous and shall
not contain unduly technical language, unduly small
print, or similar problems that frustrate the purpose of
the notice.  Each notice Khali include the telephone
number of the owner, operator, or designee of the
public water system as a source  of additional
information concerning the notice. Where appropriate,
the notice shall be  multilingual.
§14132(e)  Mandatory Health Effects Language:
When providing the information on potential adverse
health effects required by paragraph (d) of this section
in notices of violations of maximum contaminant levels
or treatment technique requirements, or notices, of the
granting or the continued existence of exemptions  or
variances, or notices of failure to comply with  a variance
or exemption schedule, the owner or operator of a
public water system shall include the language specified
below for each contaminiant. (If language for a
particular contaminant is not specified below at the time
notice is required, this paragraph does not apply.)
§141J2(e)(l)  Trichlorethylene: The United  States
Environmental  Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that
trichloroethylerie is a health concern at,certain levels of
exposure. This chemical 'is a common metal cleaning
and dry cleaning fluid. It generally gets into drinking
water by'improper  waste .disposal. This chemical has
been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals  such
as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at  high
levels over their lifetimes!  Chemicals that cause  cancer
in laboratory animals also may increase -the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed at' lower levels over
long periods of time.  EPA has  set forth the enforceable
drinking water standard (for trichloroethylene  at 0.005
parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or
other adverse health effects which have been observed
in laboratory animals. Drinking water which meets this
standard is associated with to little to none of this risk
and should be considered safe.    i
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  §14132(e)(2)  Carbon Tetrachloride: The United
"  States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets'
  drinking water standards and has determined that
  carbon tetrachloride is a health concern at certain levels
  of exposure. This chemical was once a popular
  household cleaning fluid. It generally gets into drinking
  water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has
  been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such
  as rats and mice when'the animals are exposed  at high
  levels over their lifetimes.  Chemicals that cause cancer
  in laboratory animals also may increase  the risk of
  cancer in humans who are exposed at lower levels over
  long periods of time. EPA has set the enforceable
  drinking water standard forcarbon tetrachloride at
  0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of
  cancer or other adverse health effects which have been
  observed in laboratory animals.  Drinking water which
  meets this standard is associated with little to none of
  this risk and should be considered safe.   •
  §14132(c)(3)  1,2-Dichloroethane:  The United
  States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets
  drinking water standards and has determined that 1,2-
  dichloroethane is a health concern at certain levels of
  exposure. This chemical is used as a cleaning fluid for
  fats, oils, waxes, and resins. It generally gets into
 , drinking water from improper waste disposal. This
  chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory
  animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
  exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals
  that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
  increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed
  at lower levels over long periods of time. EPA has set
  the enforceable drinking water standard for 1,2-
  dichloroethane at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to
  reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
  which have been observed in laboratory animals.
  Drinking water which meets this standard is associated
  with little to none of this risk arid should be considered
  safe.
  §I4L32(e)(4)  Vinyl Chloride: The United States
  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
  water standards and has determined that vinyl chloride
  is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
  chemical is used in industry and is found in drinking
  water as a result of the breakdown of related solvents.
  The solvents are used as cleaners and degreasers of
  metals and generally get into drinking water by
  improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
  associated with significantly increased risks of cancer
  among certain industrial workers who were exposed to
  relatively large amounts of this chemical during their
  working careers.  This chemical has also been shown  to
  cause cancer in laboratory animals when, the animals are
  exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.  Chemicals
  that cause increased risk of cancer among exposed
  industrial workers and in laboratory animals also may
increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed
at lower levels over long periods of time. EPA has set
the enforceable drinking water standards for vinyl
chloride at 0.002 part per million (ppm) to reduce  the
risk of cancer-or other adverse health effects which have
been observed in humans and laboratory animals.
drinking water which meets this standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and should be considered
safe.
§14L32(e)(5)  Benzene:  The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that benzene  is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure.  This
chemical is used as a solvent and degreaser of metals.
It is also a major component of gasoline.  Drinking
water contamination generally  results from leaking
underground gasoline" and  petroleum tanks or improper
waste disposal.  This chemical has been associated with
significantly increased risks of leukemia among certain
industrial workers who were exposed to relatively large
amounts of this chemical during their working careers.
This chemical has also been shown to cause cancer in
laboratory animals when the animals are exposed at
high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause
increased risk of cancer among exposed industrial
workers and in laboratory  animals also may increase the
risk of cancer in humans who are exposed at lower
levels over long periods of time.  EPA has set the
enforceable drinking water standard for benzene at
,0.005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of
cancer or other adverse health effects which have  been
observed in humans and laboratory animals.  Drinking
Water which meets this standard is associated with little
to none of this risk and should be considered  safe.
§14L32(e)(6)   1,1-Dichloroethyiene: The United
States Environmental Protection  Agency (EPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that  1,1—
dichloroethylene is a health concern at certain levels of
exposure.  This chemical is used  in industry and is found
in drinking water as a result of the breakdown of related
solvents. The solvents are used as cleaners and
degreasers of metals and generally, get into drinking
water by improper waste disposal.  This chemical has
been shown to cause liver and kidney damage in
laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
 animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
 Chemicals which cause adverse effects in laboratory
 animals also may cause adverse health effects in humans
who are exposed at lower levels over long periods of
time.  EPA has set the enforceable drinking water
 standard for l,l--dichloroethylene at 0.007 parts per
 million (ppm) to reduce the risk of .these adverse  health
 effects which have been observed in laboratory animals.
 Drinking water which meets this standard is associated
with little to none of this risk and should be considered
 safe.              .
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 §14L32(e)(7)  Para-Dichlorobenzene:  The United
 States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets
 drinking water standards and has determined that para-
 dichlorobenzene is a health concern at certain levels of
 exposure.  This chemical is a component of deodorizers,
 moth balls, and pesticides. It generally gets into
 drinking water by improper waste disposal. This
 chemical has been shown to cause liver and kidney
 damage in laboratory animals such as rats and mice
 when the animals are exposed to high levels over their
 lifetimes. Chemicals which cause adverse effects in
 laboratory animals also may cause adverse health effects
 in humans who are exposed at lower levels over long .
 periods of time.  EPA has set the enforceable drinking
 water standards for para-dichlorobenzene at 0.075 parts
 per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of these adverse
 health effects which have been observed in laboratory
 animals. Drinking water which meets this standard is
 associated with little to none of this risk and should  be
 considered safe.        '                       ,
 §141J2(e)(8)   1,1,1-Trichloroethane: The United
 States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets
 drinking water  standards and has determined 'that the
 1,1,1-trichloroethane is a health concern at certain
 levels of exposure.  This chemical is used as a cleaner
 and degreaser of metals.  It generally  gets into drinking
 water by improper waste disposal.  This chemical has
 been shown to  damage the liver, nervous system, and
 circulatory system of laboratory animals such as rats  and
 mice when the  animals are exposed at high levels over
 their lifetimes.  Some industrial workers who were
 exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical
 during their working careers also suffered damage to the
 liver, nervous system, and circulatory system. Chemicals
 which cause adverse effects among exposed industrial
 workers and in. laboratory animals also may cause
 adverse health effects in humans who  are exposed at
 lower levels over long periods of time. EPA has set  the
 enforceable drinking water standard for 1,1,1-
 trichloroethane at 0.2 parts per million (ppm) to protect
 against the risk of these adverse health effects which
 have been observed in humans and laboratory animals.
 Drinking water which meets this standard'is associated
with little to none of this risk and should be considered
 safe.                 ,
 §14132(e)(13)-(14)  [Reserved]    '
 §14132(e)(15) Asbestos: The United States
 Environmental  Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that asbestos fibers
greater than 10 micrometers in length  are a health
concern at  certain levels of exposure.  Asbestos is a
naturally occurring mineral.  Most asbestos fibers in
drinking water are less than 10 micrometers in length
and occur in drinking water from natural sources and
from corroded asbestos-cement pipes in the distribution
system.  The major uses~of asbestos were in the
  production of cements,1 floor tiles, paper products, paint,
  and caulking; in transportation-related applications; and
 ~ in the production of textiles and plastics. Asbestos was'
  once a popular Jnsulating and fire retardant material.
  Inhalation studies have shown that various forms of
  asbestos have produced! lung tumors in laboratory
  animals. The available information on the risk of.
  developing gastrointestinal tract cancer associated with
  the ingestion of asbestos  from drinking water is limited.
  Ingestion of intermediate-range chrysotile asbestos .
  fibers greater than 10 micrometers in length is
  associated with causing benign tumors in male rats.
  Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also
  may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are
  exposed  over long periods of time. EPA has set the
 .drinking water standard for asbestos at 7 million long
  fibers per liter to reduce  the potential risk of cancer or
  other adverse health effects which have been observed
  in laboratory animals.  Drinking water which meets the
  EPA standard is associated with little to none of this
  risk and  should be considered safe with respect to
  asbestos. - .    "    ,  I
  §14L32(e)(16)  Barium: The United States
  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
 water standards 'and has determined that barium is a
  health concern at certain  levels of exposure. This
  inorganic chemical occurs naturally in some aquifers
 that serve as  sources of ground water. It is also used in
 oil and gas drilling muds,  automotive  paints, bricks, tiles
 and jet fuels. It generally gets into drinking water after
• dissolving from naturally occurring minerals in the  •
 ground.  This chemical may damage the heart and
 cardiovascular system, and is associated with high blood
 pressure  in laboratory animals such as rats exposed to
 high levels during their lifetimes. In humans, EPA
 believes that effects from  barium on blood pressure
 should not occur below 2 parts per million (ppm) in
 drinking water. EPA bias  set the drinking water
 standard for barium at 2 parts per million (ppm) to
 protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
 Drinking water that meets the EPA standard is,
 associated with little to none of this risk and is
 considered safe with resjpect 19 barium.
 §14L32(e)(17)  Cadmium: The United States
 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
 water standards and has; determined that cadmium is a
 health concern at certain  levels of exposure. Food and
 the smoking of tobacco 'are common sources of general
 exposure. This inorganic  metal is a contaminant in the
 metals used to galvanize pipe. It generally gets into
 water by corrosion of galvanized pipes or by improper
 waste disposal. This chemical has been shown to
 damage the kidney in animals such  as rats-and mice
 when  the animals are exposed at high levels over their
 lifetimes. Some industrial workers who were exposed to
 relatively large amounts j of this chemical during working
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careers also suffered damage to the kidney. EPA has set
the drinking water standard for cadmium at 0.005 parts
per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these
adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets the
EPA standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to cadmium.
§14132(c)(18)  Chromium: The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that chromium is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure.  This
inorganic metal occurs naturally in the ground and is,
often used in the electroplating of metals.  It generally
gets into water from runoff from old mining  operations
and improper waste disposal from plating operations.
This chemical has been shown to damage the kidney.
nervous system, and the circulatory system of laboratory
animals such as rats and  mice when the animals are
exposed at high levels. Some humans who were exposed
to high levels of this chemical suffered liver and kidney
damage, dermatitis and respiratory problems. EPA has
set the drinking water standard for chromium at 0.1
parts per million (ppm) to protect against  the risk of
these  adverse health effects. Drinking water that meets
the EPA standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to chromium.
§14132(e)(19)  Mercury: The United States
 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that mercury is a
 health concern at certain levels of exposure.  This
 inorganic metal is used in electrical equipment and
 some water pumps. It usually gets into water as a result
 of improper waste disposal. This chemical has been
 shown to damage the kidney of laboratory animals such
 as rats when the animals are exposed at high levels over
 their lifetimes. EPA has, set the drinking water standard
 for mercury at 0.002 parts per million (ppm) to protect
 against the risk of these adverse health effects.
 Drinking water that meets the EPA standard is
 associated  with little to none of this risk and is
 considered safe with respect to mercury.
 §141.32(e)(20)   Nitrate:  The United States
 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
 water standards  and has. determined that  nitrate poses
 an acute health concern at certain levels of exposure.
 Nitrate is used in fertilizer  and is found in sewage and
 wastes from human and/or farm animals and generally
 gets into drinking water from those activities. Excessive
 levels of nitrate in drinking water have caused serious
 illness and sometimes death in infants under six months
 of age.  The serious illness in infants is caused because
 nitrate is converted to nitrite in the body. Nitrite
  interferes with the oxygen  carrying capacity of the
  child's blood. This is an acute disease in that symptoms
  can develop rapidly in infants.  In most cases, a health
  deteriorates over a period  of days.  Symptoms include
  shortness of breath and blueness of the skin. Clearly,
expert medical advice should be sought immediately if
these symptoms occur.  The purpose of this notice is to
encourage parents and other responsible parties to
provide infants with an alternate source of drinking
water.  Local and State health authorities are the best
source for information concerning alternate sources of
drinking water for infants. EPA has set the drinking
water standard at 10 parts per million (ppm) for nitrate
to protect against the risk of these adverse effects. EPA
has also set a drinking water standard for nitrite at 1
ppm. To allow for the fact that the toxicity of nitrate
and  nitrite are additive, EPA has also established a
standard for the sum of nitrate and nitrite at 10 ppm.
Drinking water that meets the EPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to nitrate.
§141.32(e)(21)  Nitrite: The United States
Environmental  Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that nitrite poses
an acute health concern at certain levels of exposure.
This inorganic chemical is used in fertilizers and is
found in sewage and wastes from humans and/or farm
animals and  generally gets into drinking water as a
result of those  activities.  While excessive Jevels of
nitrite in drinking water have not been observed, other
sources of nitrite have caused .serious illness and
 sometimes death in infants under six months of age:
 The serious illness in infants is caused because nitrite
 interferes with the oxygen carrying capacity of the
 child's blood. This is an acute  disease in that symptoms
 can develop rapidly. However, in most cases, health
 deteriorates  over a period of days. Symptoms include
 shortness of breath and blueness of the skin.  Clearly,
 expert medical  advice  should be sought immediately  if
 these symptoms occur. The purpose of this notice is to
 encourage parents and other responsible parties to
 provide infants with an alternate source of drinking
 water. Local and State health authorities are the best
 source for information concerning alternate sources of
 drinking water for infants. EPA has set the drinking
 water standard at 1 part per million (ppm) for nitrite to
 protect against the risk of these adverse effects.  EPA
 has also set a drinking water standard for nitrate
 (converted to nitrite in humans) at 10 ppm and  for the
 sum of nitrate and nitrite at 10 ppm. Drinking water
 that meets the EPA standard is associated with little to
 none of this risk and is considered safe with  respect to
 nitrite.
  §141J2(e)(22)  Selenium:  The United States
  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
 water standards and has determined that selenium is a
  health concern at certain high levels of exposure.
  Selenium is also an essential nutrient at-low levels of
  exposure. This inorganic chemical is found naturally in
  food and soils and is used in electronics, photocopy
  operations, the manufacture of glass, chemicals, drugs.
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  UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                                     April,  1994
  and as a fungicide and a feed additive. In humans,
  exposure to high levels of selenium over a long period
  of time has resulted in a number of adverse health
  effects, including a loss of feeling and control in the .
  arms and legs.  EPA has set the drinking water standard
  for selenium at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to protect
  against the risk of these adverse health effects.   —
  Drinking water that meets the EPA standard is
  associated with little to none of this risk and is
  considered safe with respect to selenium.
  §14l32(e)(23)  Acrylamide: The United States   ,
  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), sets drinking
  water standards  and has determined that acrylamide is a
  health concern  at certain levels of exposure. Polymers
  made from acrylamide are sometimes used to treat
  water supplies to remove particulate contaminants.
  Acrylamide has been shown to cause  cancer in
  laboratory animals such as rats and mice when the
  animals are exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.
,  Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory animals also
  may increase the risk of cancer in humans who are
  exposed over long periods of time. Sufficiently large
  doses of acrylamide are known to cause neurological
  injury.  EPA has set the drinking water standard for
  acrylamide using a treatment technique to reduce the
  risk of cancer or other adverse health effects which have
.  been observed in laboratory animals.  This treatment
  technique limits the amount of acrylamide in the
  polymer and the amount of the polymer which may be
  added  to drinking water to  remove particulates.
  Drinking water systems which comply with this
  treatment technique have little to no risk and are
  considered safe with respect to acrylamide.
  §14U2(e)(24)  Alachlor:  The United States
  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking ,
  water standards  and has determined that alachlor is a
 , health  concern at certain levels of exposure. This
  organic chemical is a.widely used pesticide.  When soil
  and climatic conditions are  favorable, alachlor may get
, into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by
  leaching into ground water.  This chemical has been
  shown  to cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats
  and mice when  the animals are exposed at high levels
  over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
  laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer
  in humans who are exposed over long periods of time.
  EPA has set the drinking water standard for alachlor at
  0,002 parts per million (ppm) fo reduce the risk of
  cancer or other adverse health effects which have been
  observed in laboratory animals. Drinking water that
  meets this standard is associated with  little to none of
  this risk and is considered safe with respect to alachlor.
  §14132(e)(25)-(27)  [Reserved]
  §14132(e)(28)  Atrazine:  The  United States
  Environmental Trotection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
  water'standards and has determined that atrazine is a
 health concern at certain levels of exposure.  This
 organic chemical is a herbicide.  When soil and climatic
 conditions are favorable, atrazine may get into drinking
 water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into
 ground water. This chemical has been shown to affect
 offspring of rats and the heart of dogs. EPA has set the
 drinking water standard for atrazine at 0.003 parts per
 million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these
 adverse health effects.  Drinking water that meets the
 EPA standard is associated with little to hone of this
 risk and is considered safe with respect to atrazine.
 §14L32(e)(29)  Carbtofuran: The United States
 Environmental Protection Agency>(EPA) sets drinking
 water standards and has determined that carbofuran is a
 health concern at certain levels of exposure.  This
 organic chemical is a pesticide. When soil and climatic
 conditions are favorable, carbofuran may get into
 drinking water by runoff into surface water or by
 leaching into  ground water. This chemical has been
 shown to damage the nervous and reproductive systems
 of laboratory  animals such as rats and mice exposed at
 high levels over their lifetimes.  Some humans who were
 exposed to  relatively lairge amounts of this chemical
 during their working careers also suffered damage to the
 nervous system.  Effect!, on the nervous system are
 generally rapidly reversilbje. EPA has set the  drinking
 water standard for carbofuran at 0.04 parts per million
 (ppm) to protect against the risk of these adverse health
 effects. Drinking water! that meets the EPA standard is
 associated with little to'none of this risk and is, ~
 considered safe with respect to carbofuran.
 §141.32(e) (30)' Chlordane:  The United States
, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
 water standards and has determined that chlordane  is a
 health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
 organic chemical is a pesticide used to control termites.
 Chlordane is not very mobile in soils. It usually gets
 into drinking water after application "near water supply
 intakes or wells.  This chemical has been shown to cause
 to cancer in laboratory  animals such as rats and mice
 when  the animals are eiposed at high levels over their
 lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory
 animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans
 who are exposed over long periods of time. EPA has
 set the drinking water standard for chlordane at 0.002
 parts per million (ppm), to reduce the risk of cancer or
 other  adverse health effects which have been observed
 in laboratory animals. Drinking water that meets the
 EPA standard is associated with- little to none of this
 risk and  is considered safe with respect to chlbrdane.-
 §141.32(e)(31)  Dibrcjmochloropropane (DBCP):
 The United States Environmental Protection Agency
 (EPA) sets drinking wal.er standards  and has determined
 that DBCP  is a health concern  at certain levels of
 exposure". This organic jchemical was once a popular
 pesticide. When soil arid climatic conditions are
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                                    April,  1994
favorable, dibromocbloropropane may get into drinking
water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into
ground water. This chemical has been shown to cause •
cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when
the animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes.  Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory
animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans
who are exposed over long periods of time. EPA has
set the drinking water standard for DBCP at 0.0002
parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or
other adverse health effects which have been observed ^
in laboratory animals.  Drinking water that meets the
EPA standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and is considered safe with respect to DBCP.
§14132(c)(32),  o-Dichlorobenzene: The United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
o-dichlorobenzene is a health concern at  certain levels
of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent
in the production of pesticides and dyes.  It generally
gets into water by improper waste disposal. This
chemical has been shown to damage the liver, kidney
and the blood cells of laboratory animals, such as rats
and mice exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
Some  industrial workers who were exposed to relatively
large amounts of this chemical during working careers
also suffered damage to the liver, nervous system, and
circulatory system.  EPA has set the drinking water
standard for o-dichlorobenzene at 0.6 parts per million
(ppm) to protect against the  risk of these adverse health
effects. Drinking water that meets the EPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect  to o-dichlorobenzene.
§14132(e)(33)  cis-l,2-DichIoroethyIene:  The
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
establishes drinking water standards and has determined
that cis-l,2-dichloroethylene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used
as a solvent and intermediate in chemical production. It
generally gets into water by improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown to damage the liver,
nervous system, and circulatory system of laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes.  Some humans who were
exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical also
suffered damage to the nervous system.  EPA has set
the drinking water standard for cis-l,2-dichloroethylene
at 0.07 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the
 risk of these adverse health effects.  Drinking water that
meets the EPA standard is associated with little to none
 of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
 cis-l,2-dichloroethylene.
 §141.32(e)(34)  trans-l,2-DichloroethyIene: The
 United States Environmental Protection  Agency (EPA)
 establishes drinking water standards and  has determined
 that trans-l,2-dichloroethylene is a health concern at
certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used
as a solvent and intermediate in chemical production.  It
generally gets into water by improper waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown to damage the liver,
nervous system, and the circulatory system of laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when exposed at high
levels over their lifetimes. Some humans who were
exposed to relatively large amounts of this chemical  also
suffered damage  to the nervous system. EPA has set
the drinking water standard for'
trans-l,2-dichloroethylene at 0.1 parts per million (ppm)
to protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects.  Drinking water that meets the EPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to
trans-l,2-dichloroethylene.
§14132(e)(35)  1,2-Dichloropropane: The United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
1,2-dichloropropane is a health concern at certain levels
of exposure.  This organic chemical is used as a solvent
and pesticide. When soil and climatic  conditions are
favorable, 1,2-dichloropropane  may get into drinking
water by runoff into surface water or by leaching into
ground water. It may also get  into drinking water
through improper waste disposal.  This chemical has
been  shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such
as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
levels over their  lifetimes.  Chemicals that cause cancer
in laboratory animals also may increase the risk pf
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of
time. EPA has set the drinking water  standard for
1,2-dichloropropane at 0.005 parts per million (ppm) to
reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse health effects
which have !been observed in laboratory animals.
Drinking water that meets the  EPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to 1,2-dichloropropane.
§14132(e)(36)  2,4-D: The United States
Environmental Protection  Agency (EPA) sets drinking
water standards  and has determined that 2,4-D is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is used as a herbicide and to control
algae in reservoirs.  When soil and climatic conditions
are favorable, 2,4-D may get into drinking water by
runoff into surface water or by leaching into ground
water.  This chemical has been shown to damage the
liver  and kidney of laboratory  animals such as rats
exposed at high levels during their lifetimes. Some
humans who were exposed to  relatively large amounts of
this chemical also suffered damage to the nervous
system.  EPA has set the drinking water standard for
 2,4-D at 0.07 parts per million (ppm) to protect against
 the risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water
 that  meets the EPA standard is associated with little to
 none of this  risk and is considered safe with respect to
 2,4-D.
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>  ..§14L32(e)(37) Epichlorohydrin: The United States
   Environmental Protection Agency. (EPA) sets drinking
   water standards and has determined that
   epichlorohydrin is a health concern at certain levels of
   exposure. Polymers made from epichlorohydrin are
   sometimes used in the treatment of water supplies as a
   flocculent to remove particulates. Epichlorohydrin
   generally gets :intp drinking water by improper use of
   these polymers. This chemical has been shown to cause
   cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when
   the animals are exposed at high levels over their
   lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory
   animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans
   who are exposed over long periods of time.  EPA has
   set the drinking water standard for epichlorohydrin
 ,  using a treatment technique to reduce the risk of cancer
   or other adverse health effects which have been
   observed in laboratory animals. This, treatment
   technique limits the amount of epichlorohydrin in the
   polymer and the amount of the polymer which may be
   added to drinking water as a flocculent to remove
   particulates.  Drinking water systems which comply with
   this treatment technique have little to no risk and are
   considered safe with respect to epichlorohydrin.
   §14U2(e)(38) Ethylbenzene: The United States
   Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets, drinking
   water standards Snd has determined ethylbenzene is a
   health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
.   organic chemical is a major component of gasoline.  It
-  generally gets into water by improper waste disposal or
   leaking gasoline tanks. This chemical has been shown
   to damage the kidney, liver, and nervous system of
   laboratory animals such as rats 'exposed to high levels
   during their lifetimes. EPA has set the drinking water
 . standard'for ethylbenzene at 0.7 parts per million (ppm)
   to protect against the risk of these adverse, health
   effects. Drinking water that meets the EPA standard is
   associated with little to none of this risk and is
   considered safe with respect to ethylbenzene.
   §141.32(e)(39) Ethjlene dibromide (EDB):  The
   United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
   sets drinking water standards and has determined that
   EDB is a health concern  at certain levels of exposure.
   This organic chemical was once a popular pesticide.
   When soil'and climatic conditions are favorable, EDB
   may get  into drinking water by runoff into surface water
   or by leaching into ground water.  This chemical has
   been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals such
   as rats and mice when the animals are exposed at high
   levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer
   in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
   cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of
   time. EPA has set the drinking water standard for EDB
   at 0.00005 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of
   cancer or other adverse health effects which have been
   observed in  laboratory animals. • Drinking water that  -
  meets this standard is associated with little to none of
  this risk and is considered safe with respect to EDB.
  §i4132(e)(40)  Heptachlon The United States
  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
  water standards and has determined  that heptachlor is a
  health concern at certain levels of exposure. This .
  organic chemical was once a popular pesticide.  When •
  soil and climatic conditions are favorable, heptachlor
  may get into drinking water by runoff into .surface water
  or by leaching into ground water. This chemical has
  been shown to cause cancer .in laboratory animals such
  as rats and mice when the animals are exposed .at high
  levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause  cancer
  in laboratory animals also may increase the risk of
  cancer in humans who aire exposed over long periods of
  time. EPA has set the drinking water standards for
  heptachlor at 0.0004 parts per million (ppm) to  reduce
  the risk of cancer or othisr adverse health effects which
  have  been  observed in laboratory animals. Drinking
  water that meets this standard is associated with little to
  none of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
!  heptachlor.                       •         ,
  §14L32(e){41)  Heptachlor Epoxide:  The United
  States Environmental Protection Agency  (EPA) sets
  drinking water standards j and has determined that
  heptachlor epoxide is a health concern at certain levels
  of exposure. This organic chemical was once a  popular
  pesticide.  When soil and climatic conditions are
  favorable, heptachlor epoxide may get into drinking
  water by runoff intb surface water or by leaching into
  ground water.  This chemical has been shown to cause
  cancer in laboratory animals such as rats  and mice when
  the animals are exposed  at high levels over their
  lifetimes.  Chemicals thai: cause cancer in laboratory
  animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans'-.
  who are exposed over loing periods of time.  EPA has
  set the drinking water standards for heptachlor epoxide
  at 0.0002 parts per million  (ppm) to reduce the  risk of
  cancer or other adverse health effects which have been
  observed in laboratory animals.  Drinking water that
  meets this standard is associated with little to none of
  this risk and is considered safe with respect to
  heptachlor epoxide.  .    j     *           .
  §14L32(e)(42)  Lindaiie: The United States
  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
  water standards and has  determined  thaflindane is a
  health concern -at certain levels of exposure. This
  organic chemical is used 'as a pesticide. When soil and
  climatic conditions are favorable, lindane may get into
  drinking water by runoff into surface water or by
  leaching into ground water. This chemical has been
  shown to damage  the liver, kidney, nervous system, and
  immune system of laboratory animals such as rats, mice
  arid dogs exposed at high levels during their lifetimes.
  Some humans who were^xposed to relatively large
  amounts Of this chemical also'suffered damage to the
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                                    April,  1994
nervous system and circulatory system. EPA has
established the drinking water standard for lindane at
0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the
risk of these adverse health effects. Drinking water that
meets the EPA standard is associated with little to none
of this risk and is considered safe with respect to
lindane.
§14L32(e)(43)  Methoxychlor:  The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that methoxychlpr
is a health concern at certain levels of exposure. This ,
organic chemical is used as a pesticide.  When soil and
climatic conditions are favorable, methoxychlor may get
into drinking water by runoff into surface water or by
leaching into ground water.  This chemical has been
shown to damage the  liver, kidney, nervous system, and
reproductive system of laboratory animals such as rats
exposed at high levels during their lifetimes.  It has also
been shown to produce growth retardation in rats. EPA
has set the drinking water standard for methoxychlor at
0.04 parts per million  (ppm) to protect against the risk
of these adverse health effects.  Drinking water that
meets the EPA standard is associated with little to none
of this risk and is considered safe with respect to    :
methoxychlor.
§14I32(e)(44)  Monochlorobenzene:  The United
States Environmental  Protection Agency (EPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that ,
monochlorobenzene is a health  concern .at certain levels
of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a solvent.
It generally gets into water by improper, waste disposal.
This chemical has been shown to damage the liver,
kidney and nervous system of laboratory animals such as
rats and mice exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes.  EPA has set the drinking water standard for
monochlorobenzene at 0.1 parts per million (ppm) to
protect against the risk of these adverse  health  effects.
Drinking water that meets the EPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to monochlorobenzene.
§14132(e)(4S)  Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs):
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) sets drinking water standards and has determined
that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a health
concern at certain levels of exposure.  These organic
chemicals were once widely used in electrical
transformers and other industrial equipment. They
generally get into drinking water by improper waste
disposal or leaking electrical industrial equipment. This
chemical  has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory
 animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
 exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals
 that cause cancer in laboratory animals also  may
 increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed
 over long periods of time.  EPA has set the drinking
water standard for PCBs at 0.0005 parts per million
(ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse.
health effects which have been observed in laboratory
animals.  Drinking water that meets this standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and is
considered safe with respect to PCBs.
§14L32(e)(46)  Pentachlorophenol: The United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
pentachlorophenol  is a health concern at certain  levels
of exposure. This organic chemical is used  as a wood
preservative, herbicide, disinfectant, and defoliant. It
generally gets into drinking water by runoff into surface
water or leaching into ground water. This chemical has
been shown to produce adverse reproductive effects and
to damage the liver and  kidneys of laboratory animals
such as rats exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.
Some humans who were exposed to relatively large
amounts of this chemical also suffered damage to the
liver and kidneys. This chemical has been shown to
cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice
when the animals are exposed at high levels over their
lifetimes.  Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory
animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans
who are exposed over long periods of time.  EPA has
set the drinking water standard for pentachlorophenol  at
0.001 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
of cancer or other adverse health effects. Drinking
water that meets the EPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to pentachlorophenol.
§141.32(e)(47)  Styrene:  The United States
Environmental Protection .Agency (EPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that styrene is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is commonly used to make plastics and
is sometimes a component of resins used for drinking
water treatment.  Styrene may get into drinking water
from improper waste disposal.  This chemical has been
shown to damage the liver and nervous system in
laboratory animals when exposed at high levels during
their lifetimes.  EPA has set the drinking water standard
for styrene at 0.1 parts per million  (ppm) to protect
against the risk of these adverse health  effects. Drinking
water that meets the EPA standard is associated with
little to none of this risk and is considered safe with
respect to styrene.
 §14132(e)(48) Tetrachloroethylene: The United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets „'
drinking water standards and has determined that
 tetrachloroethylene is a health concern at certain levels
 of exposure. This organic chemical has been a popular
'solvent, particularly for  dry cleaning. It generally gets
 into drinking water by improper waste disposal.  This
 chemical has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory
 animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
 exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.  Chemicals
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  UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                                      April,  1994
, that cause cancer in laboratoiy animals also may
  increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed
  over long periods of time. EPA has set the drinking
  water standard for tetrachloroethyiene at 0.005 parts per
  million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other
  adverse health effects which have been observed in
  laboratoiy animals.  Drinking water that meets this
  standard,is associated with little to none of this risk and
  is considered safe with respect to tetrachloroethyiene.
  §14L32(e)(49)  Toluene:  The United  States
  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking   ,
  water standards and has determined that toluene is a
  health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
  organic chemical is used as a solvent and in the
  manufacture of gasoline for airplanes. It generally gets
  into water by improper waste disposal or leaking'
  underground  storage tanks.  -This chemical has been
  shown to damage the kidney, nervous system, and  •
  circulatory system of laboratory animals such as rats and
  mice exposed to high levels during their lifetimes. Some
  industrial workers who were  exposed to relatively large
  amounts of this chemical during working careers also
  suffered damage to the liver, kidney and nervous system.
  EPA has set the drinking water standard for toluene at
  1 part per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of >
  these adverse health effects.  Drinking water that meets
  the  EPA standard is associated with little to none of this
  risk and is considered safe with respect to toluene.
  §14132(e)(50) Toxaphene: The United States
  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
  water standards and has  determined that toxaphene is a
  health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
  organic chemical was once a pesticide widely used on
  cotton, corn, soybeans, pineapples and other crops.
  When soil and climatic conditions are favorable,
  toxaphene may get into drinking water by runoff into
,  surface water or by leaching into ground  water.  This
  chemical has been shown to cause cancer .in laboratory
  animals such as rats and  mice when the animals are
  exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals
  that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
  increase the risk of cancer in humans who,are exposed
  over long periods of time; EPA has set the drinking
  water standard for toxaphene at 0.003 parts per million
 {ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other adverse'
  health effects which have been observed in laboratory
  animals.  Drinking water  that meets this standard is
  associated with little to none of this risk and is
 considered safe with respect to toxaphene.
  §141.32(e) (51) 2,4,5-TP: The United States
  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)  sets drinking
 water standards and has determined that  2,4,5-TP is a
 health  concern at certain levels of exposure.  This
 organic chemical is used as a herbicide. When soil and
 climatic conditions are favorable, 2,4,5-TP may get into
 drinking water by runoff into  surface water or by
  leaching into ground water. This chemical has been
  shown to damage the liver and kidney of laboratory
  animals such as rats and dogs exposed to high levels
  during their lifetimes.  Some industrial workers who
  were exposed to relatively large amounts of this
  chemical during working careers also suffered damage
  to the nervous system.  EPA has set the drinking water
  standard for 2,4,5-TP at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) to
  protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
  Drinking water that meet!; the EPA standard is
  associated with little to none of this risk and is
  considered safe with respect to 2,4,5-TP.
  §141J2(e)(52)  Xylenes:  The United States
  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
  water standards and has determined that xylene is a
  health concern at certain levels of exposure.  This
  organic chemical is used in the manufacture of gasoline
  for airplanes and as a solvent for pesticides, and as a
  cleaner and degreaser of metals. It usually gets into •
  water by improper waste disposal. This chemical has
  been shown to damage  the liver, kidney and nervous
  system of laboratory animals such as rats and dogs
  exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.  Some
  humans who were exposed  to relatively large amounts of
  this chemical also suffered damage to  the nervous
  system. EPA has set the drinking water standard for
  xylene at 10 parts per million (ppm) to protect against
  the risk of these adverse fciealth effects.  Drinking water
 • that meets the EPA standard is associated  with little to
  none of this risk and is considered  safe with respect to
  xylene.                  |
  §14132(e)(53)   Antimony:  The United States
  Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) sets drinking
  water standards and has determined that antimony  is a
  health concern at certain levels of exposure.  This
  inorganic chemical occurs naturally in  soils, ground
  water and surface waters and is often used in the flame
  retardant industry. It  is also used "in ceramics, glass,
  batjteriesi fireworks, and explosives.  It may get into
  drinking water through natural weathering  of rock,
  industrial production, municipal waste  disposal or
  manufacturing processes. This chemical  has been shown
  to decrease longevity,  and altered blood levels of
  cholesterol and glucose in laboratory animals such as
  rats exposed to high levels during their lifetimes.  EPA
  has set the drinking water 'standard for antimony at
 0.006 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the risk
 of these adverse health effects.  Drinking water which
 meets the EPA standard is associated with  little to none
 of this risk and should be (considered safe with respect
 to antimony.             '•
 §141.32(e)(54)  Beryllium:  The United States
 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
'water standards and has determined that beryllium is a
..health concern at certain levels of exposure: This
 inorganic metal occurs, naturally in soils, ground water
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and surface waters and is often used in electrical
equipment and electrical components. It generally gets
into water from runoff from mining operations,
discharge from processing plants and improper waste .
disposal.  Beryllium compounds have been associated
with damage to the bones and lungs and induction of
cancer in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when
the animals are exposed  at high levels over their
lifetimes. There is limited evidence to suggest that
beryllium may pose a cancer risk via drinking water
exposure. Therefore, EPA based the health assessment ,
on noncancer effects with an extra uncertainty factor to
account  forpossibel carcinogenicity. Chemicals that
cause cancer in laboratory animals also may increase the
risk of cancer in humans who are exposed over long
periods of time. EPA has set the drinking water
standard for beryllium at 0.004 part per million (ppm)
to protect against the risk of these adverse health
effects.  Drinking water which meets the EPA standard
is associated with little to none of this risk and should
be considered safe with respect to beryllium.
§141.32(e) (55) Cyanide:  The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that cyanide is a ~
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
inorganic chemical  is used in electroplating, steel
processing, plastics, synthetic fabrics and fertilizer
products.  It usually gets into water as a result of
improper waste disposal. This chemical  has. been shown
to damage the spleen, brain and liver of humans fatally
poisoned with cyanide.  EPA has set the drinking water
standard for cyanide at 0.2 parts per million (ppm) to
protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water which meets the EPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and should be
 considered safe with respect to cyanide.
 §14132(e)(56)  Nickel: The United States
 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets  drinking
water standards and has determined that nickel poses a
 health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
 inorganic metal occurs naturally in soils, ground water
 and surface waters and is often used in electroplating,
 stainless steel and alloy  products.  It generally gets .into
 water from mining and refining operations. This
 chemical has been shown to damage the heart and liver
 in laboratory animals when the animals are exposed to
 high levels over their lifetimes.  EPA has set the
 drinking water standard at 0.1 parts per million (ppm)
 for nickel to protect against the risk of these adverse
 effects.  Drinking water which meets the EPA standard
 is associated with little to none of this risk and should
 be considered safe with respect to  nickel.
 §141.32(e)(57)   Thallium:  The United States
 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
 water standards and has determined that thalliurn is a
 health concern at certain high levels of exposure. This
                                    April,  1994


inorganic metal is found naturally in soils and is used in
electronics, Pharmaceuticals, and die manufacture of
glass and alloys.  This chemical has been shown to
damage the kidney, liver, brain and intestines of
laboratory animals when the animals are exposed at
high levels over their lifetimes: EPA has set the
drinking water standard for thallium at 0.002 parts per
million (ppm) to protect against the risk Of these
adverse health effects.  Drinking water which meets the
EPA standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and should be considered safe with respect to
thallium.   ,
§141J2(e)(58)  Benzo[a]pyrene:  The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that benzo[a]pyrene
is a health concern at certain  levels of exposure.
Cigarette smoke and charbroiled meats are common
sources of general exposure.  The major source of
benzo[a]pyrene in drinking water is the leaching from
coal tar lining and sealants in water storage tanks. This
chemical has been shown to cause cancer in animals
such as rats and mice when the animals are  exposed at
high levels.  EPA has set the drinking water standard
for benzo[a]pyrene at 0.0002 parts per million (ppm) to
protect against the risk of cancer. Drinking water which
meets the EPA standard is associated with little to none
of this risk and should  be  considered safe with respect ' :
to benzo[a]pyrene.
§14L32(e) (59)  Dalappn: The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that dalapon is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is a widely used herbicide. It may get
 into drinking water after application to control grasses
 in  crops, drainage ditches and along railroads. This
chemical has been shown  to cause damage to the kidney
 and Jiver in laboratory animals when the animals are
 exposed to high levels over their lifetimes. EPA has set
 the drinking water standard for dalapon at 0.2 parts per
 million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these
 adverse health effects.  Drinking water which meets the
 EPA standard is associated with little to none of this
 risk and should be considered safe with respect to
 dalapon.                                     /
 §14132(e)(60)  Dichloromethane: The United
 States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets
 drinking water standards and has determined that
 dichloromethane (methylene chloride) is a health
 concern at certain levels of exposure.  This organic
 chemical is a widely used solvent.  It is used in the
 manufacture of paint remover, as a metal degreaser and
 as an aerosol propellant.  It generally gets into drinking
 water after improper discharge of waste disposal.. This
 chemical has been shown to  cause  cancer in laboratory
 animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
 exposed at high levels over their lifetimes. Chemicals
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, that cause cancer in laboratory animals also may
  increase the risk of cancer in humans who are exposed
  over long periods of time.  EPA has set the drinking
  water standard for dichloromethane  at 0.005 parts per .
  million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or other
  adverse health effects which have been observed in
  laboratory animals.  Drinking water which meets this   •
  standard is associated with .little to none of this risk and
  should be considered safe with respect to
  dichloromethane.
  §14L32(e)(61)  Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate: The
  United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
  sets drinking water standards and has determined that
  di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a health concern at certain
  levels of exposure.  Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate is a widely
  used plasticizer in a  variety of products, including
  synthetic rubber, food packaging materials and
  cosmetics.  It may get into drinking water after
  improper waste disposal. This chemical has been shown
  to damage liver and  testes in laboratory animals such as
  rats and mice  exposed to high levels. EPA has set the
  drinking water standard for_di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate at
  0.4 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the  risk of
  adverse health effects. Drinking water which meets the
  EPA standard is associated with little to none of this
  risk and should be considered safe with respect to
  di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate.
  §14lJ2(e)(62)  Di(etbylhexyl)phthalate: The
  United  States  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
  sets drinking water standards and has determined that
  di(ethylhexyl)phthalate is a health concern at certain ; '
  levels of exposure. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a widely
  used plasticizer, which is primarily used in the
  production -of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins.  It  may
  get into drinking water after improper waste disposal.
  This chemical  has been shown to cause cancer in
  laboratory animals such as rats and mice exposed  to
  high levels over their lifetimes.  EPA has set the
  drinking water standard for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate at
  0.006 parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of
  cancer or other adverse health effects which have been
  observed in laboratory animals.  Drinking water which
  meets-the EPA standard is associated with little to none
  of this risk and should be considered safe with respect
  to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
  §!4132(e)(63)   Dinoseb: The United States
  Environmental Protection  Agency (EPA) sets drinking
  water standards and  has determined  that dinoseb  is a
  health concern at certain levels of exposure.  Dinoseb is
  a widely used  pesticide and generally gets into drinking
  water after application on orchards, vineyards and other
  crops.  This chemical has been shown to damage the
  thyroid  arid reproductive organs in laboratory animals
  such as rats exposed  to high levels.  EPA has set the
  drinking water standard for dinoseb at 0.007 parts per
 million (ppm) to protect against the risk of adverse
 health effects.  Drinking water which meets the EPA
 standard is associated,with little to none of this risk and
 should be considered safe with respect.to dinoseb.
 §14132(e)(64)  Diquat: The United States
 Environmental Protection' Agency (EPA) sets drinking
 water standards and has determined that diquat is a
 health concern at certain levels of exposure.  This
 organic chemical is a herbicide used to control
 terrestrial  and aquatic weeds. It may get into drinking
 water by runoff into surface water. This chemical has
 been shown to damage the liver, kidney  and
 gastrointestinal tract and  causes cataract formation in ,
 laboratory animals such jis dogs and rats exposed at
 high levels over their lifetimes. EPA has set  the
 drinking water standard for diquat at 0.02 parts per
 million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these   .
 adverse health effects.  Drinking water which meets the
 EPA standard is associated with little to none of this
 risk and should be considered safe with respect to
 diquat.         .        ]  .
 §14L32(e)(65)  Endottiall: The United States
 Environmental has determined that endothall is a health
 concern at certain levels of exposure.  This organic
 chemical is a herbicide  uised  to control terrestrial and
 aquatic weeds.  It may ge>t into water by runoff into
 surface water.  This chemical has been shown to damage
 the liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract and reproductive
 system  of laboratory animals such  as rats and mice
• exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.  EPA has set
 the drinking water standard for endothall at 0.1 parts •
 per million (ppm) to protect  against the  risk of these
 adverse health effects.  Drinking water which meets the
 EPA standard is associated with little to  none of this
 risk and should be considered safe with respect to
 endothall.                                        '
 §14132(e)(66)  Endrin: The United States.
 Ehvifonmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets drinking
 water standards and has determined that endrin is a
 health concern at certain., levels of exposure.  This
 organic chemical is a pesticide no  longer registered for
 use in the United States. | However, this  chemical is
 persistent  in treated soils!and accumulates in sediments
 and aquatic-and terrestriid biota. .This chemical has
 been shown to cause  damage to the liver, kidney and
 heart in laboratory animals such as rats and mice when
 the animals are exposed iat high levels over their
 lifetimes.  EPA has set thie drinking water standard for
 endrin at 0.002 parts per million (pprn) to protect
 against the risk of these, sidveree health effects which
 have been observed in laboratory animals.  Drinking
 water that meets the EPA standard is associated with
 little to none of this risk and should be considered safe
 with respect to endrin.   j
 §14132(e)(67)  Glyphdsate: The  United States
 Environmental Protection Agency  (EPA) sets drinking
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water standards and has determined that glyphosate is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure.  This
organic chemical is a herbicide used to control grasses
and weeds. It may get into drinking water by runoff  .
into surface water.  This chemical has been shown to
cause damage to the liver and kidneys in laboratory
animals such as rats and mice when the animals are
exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.  EPA has set
the drinking water standard for glyphosate at 0.7 parts
per million (ppm) to protect against the risk  of these
adverse health effects. Drinking water which meets the (
EPA standard is associated with little to none of this
risk and should be considered safe with respect to
•glyphosate.
§14132(e)(68)  Hexachlorobenzene: The United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets
drinking water standards and has determined that
hexachlorobenzene is a health concern at certain levels
of exposure. This organic chemical is produced as an
impurity in the manufacture of certain solvents and
pesticides. This chemical has been shown  to cause
cancer in laboratory animals such as  rats and mice when
the animals are exposed to high levels during their
lifetimes.  Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory
animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans
who are exposed over long periods of time.  EPA has
set the drinking water standard for hexachlorobenzene
at 0.001 parts per million (ppm) to protect against the
risk of cancer and other adverse health effects.
Drinking water which meets the EPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and should be
considered safe with respect to hexachlorobenzene.
 §14132(e)(69)  Hexachlorocyclopentadiene:  The
 United States Environmental  Protection Agency (EPA)
 establishes drinking water standards and has determined
 that hexachlorocyclopentadiene  is a health concern at  •
 certain levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used
 as an intermediate in the manufacture of pesticides and
 flame retardants. It may get into water by discharge
 from production facilities. This chemical has been
 shown to damage the kidney and the stomach of
 laboratory animals when exposed at  high'levels over
 their lifetimes.' EPA has set the drinking water standard
 for hexachlorocyclopentadiene at 0.05 parts  per million
 (ppm) to protect against the risk of these  adverse health
 effects.  Drinking.water which meets the EPA standard
 is associated with little to none of this risk and should
 be considered safe with respect to
 hexachlorocydopentadiene.
 §14132(e)(70) Oxamyl:  The United States
 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establishes
 drinking water standards  and has determined that
 oxamyl is a health concern at certain levels  of exposure.
 This organic chemical is used as a pesticide  for the
 control of insects and other pests. It may get into
 drinking water by runoff into surface water  or leaching
                                    April,  1994


into ground water. This chemical has been shown to '
damage the kidneys of laboratory ^animals such as rats
when exposed at high levels over their lifetimes.  EPA
has set the drinking water standard for oxamyl at 0.2
parts per million (ppm) to .protect  against the risk of
these adverse health effects.  Drinking water which
meets the EPA standard is associated with little to none
of this risk and  should be considered safe with respect
to oxamyl.
§14L32(e)(71) Picloram:  The United States
Environmental  Protection Agency  (EPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that picloram is a
health concern  at certain levels of exposure. This
organic chemical is used as a pesticide for broadleaf
weed control. It may get into drinking water by runoff
into surface water or leaching into ground water as  a
result of pesticide application and  improper waste
disposal.  This chemical has been shown to cause
damage to the  kidneys and liver in laboratory animals
such as rats when the animals are  exposed  at high levels
over their lifetimes. EPA has" set the drinking water
standard for picloram at 0.5 parts  per million (ppm) to
protect against  the risk of these adverse health effects.
Drinking water which meets the EPA standard is
associated with little to none of this risk and should be
considered safe with respect to picloram.
§14132(e)(72)  Simazine: The  United States
Environmental  Protectipn Agency (EPA) sets drinking
water standards and has determined that simazine is a
health concern at certain levels of exposure.  This
organic chemical is a herbicide used ,to control annual
grasses and broadleaf weeds. It may leach into ground
water or runs off into surface water after application.
This chemical may cause cancer in laboratory animals
such as rats and mice exposed at high levels during their
lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in laboratory
animals also may increase the risk of cancer in humans
who'are exposed over long periods of time. EPA has
set the drinking water standard for simazine at 0.004
parts per million (ppm) to reduce the risk of cancer or
other adverse health effects.  Drinking water which
meets the EPA standard is associated with little to  none
of this risk and should be considered safe with respect
to simazine.
 §14132(e)(73)  1,2,4-tricblorobenzene: The United
 States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets   >
 drinking water standards and has  determined  that
 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is a health  concern at certain '
 levels of exposure. This organic chemical is used as a
 dye carrier and as a precursor in  herbicide manufacture.
 It generally gets into drinking water by discharges from
 industrial activities.' This chemical has been shown to
 cause damage  to several organs, including  the adrenal
 glands.  EPA has set the drinking water standard for
 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 0.07 parts per million (ppm) to
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  UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                                    April,  1994
  protect against the risk of these adverse health effects.
  Drinking water which meets the EPA standard is
  associated with little to none of this risk and should be
 , considered safe with respect to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. .  ,
  §141.32(e) (74)  1,1,2-trichloroethane:  The United
.  States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets
  drinking water standards and has determined
 , 1,1,2-trichloroethane is a health concern at certain levels
  of exposure. This organic chemical is an intermediate in
  the production of 1,1-dichloroethylene.  It generally gets
  into water by industrial discharge of wastes. This      ,
 .chemical  has been shown to damage the kidney and
  liver of laboratory animals such as, rats exposed to high
  levels during their lifetimes.  EPA has set the drinking
  water standard for 1,1,2-trichloroethane at 0.005 parts
  per million (ppm) to protect against the risk of these
  adverse health effects. Drinking water which 'meets the
 •EPA standard is associated with little to none of this
  risk and should be considered safe with respect to
.  1,1,2-trichloroethane.
  §141.32(e) (75)  2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxih): The  United
  States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets  '
  drinking water standards and has determined that dioxin
  is a health concern at certain levels of exposure.  This
,  organic chemical  is an impurity in the production of
  some "pesticides.  It may get into drinking water by
  industrial  discharge of wastes.  This chemical has been
 shown to  cause cancer in laboratory animals such as rats
 and'mice  when the animals are exposed at high levels •
 over their lifetimes. Chemicals that cause cancer in
 laboratory animals also may increase the risk of cancer
 in humans who are exposed over long periods of time.
 EPA has set the drinking water standard for dioxin at
 0.00000003 parts per million  (ppm) to reduce the risk of
 cancer or other adverse health  effects which have been
 observed in laboratory animals.  Drinking water which
 meets this standard is associated with little to none of
 this risk and should be. considered safe with respect to
 dioxin.

 §141.33  RECORD MAINTENANCE

   Any owner or operator of a public water system
 subject to the provisions of this part shall retain on its
 premises or at a convenient location near its premises
 the following records:      .                      .
 §141.33(a)  Requirements: Records of
 bacteriological analyses made pursuant to this part shall
 be kept for not less than 5 years.  Records of chemical
 analyses made pursuant to this  part shall be kept  for not
 less than 10 years.  Actual laboratory reports may be'
 kept, or data may be transferred .to tabular summaries,
 provided that the  following information is included:
 §14L33(a)(l)  The date, place, and time of sampling,  -J
 and-the name of the person who collected the sample;
 §14L33(a)(2)  Identification of the sample as to
 whether it was a routine distribution system sample,
 check sample, raw or process water sample or other
 special purpose sample;   .
 §14L33(a)(3) Date of analysis;
 §14133(a)(4) Laboratory and person responsible for
 performing analysis;     !
 §14133(a)(5) The  analytical technique/method used;
 and                   '
 §14L33(a)(6) The  results of the analysis.
 §14133(b) Records of Action to Correct
 Violations: Records of action taken by the system to
 correct violations of primary  drinking water regulations
 shall be kept for a period: not less than 3 years after the
 last action taken with respect to the particular violation
 involved.               [
 §14L33(c)  Records of Sanitary Surveys:  Copies of
 any written reports, summaries or communications
 relating to sanitary surveys of the system conducted by
 the system itself, by a private consultant, or by any local,
 State or Federal agency, shall be kept for a period not
 less than 10 years after completion of the sanitary
 survey involved.         j
 §14L33(d)  Records of Variance or Exemption:
 Records concerning a variance or exemption granted to
 the system shall be kept for a peribd ending not less
 than 5 years following the expiration  of such variance or
 exemption.             '

 §14135  REPORTING AND PUBLIC
 NOTIFICATION  FOR CERTAIN
 UNREGULATED CONTAMINANTS
           -    ,  •   •   i/   ,•' •        -   ,.  ••  '  •
 §141.35(a)  Applicability: The requirements of this
 section only apply to the contaminants listed in §141.40.
 § 141.35 (b)  Requirements: The owner or operator of
 a community water system or non-transient, non-
 community water system who is required to monitor
 under §141.40  shall send a copy  of the results of such
 monitoring within 30  days of  receipt and any public
 notice under paragraph  (d) of this section to the State.
 §141-35(c) Records of Variance or Exemption:
 The State, Or the community  water System of non-
 transient, non-community, water system who i^required
 to monitor under §141:40 shall furnish the following
 information to  the Administrator for each sample
 analyzed under §141.40: j-  '   .              '/•'.•'
 §141.35(c)(l)  Results  of all  analytical methods,
 including negatives;     ' 1
 §14l.35(c)(2)  Name and address of the system that
supplied the sample;  .   !           "
§14135(c)(3)  Contaminiant(s);
§141J5(c)(4)  Analytical method(s)  used;
§141,35(c)(5)  Date of sample;
§14L35(c) (6)  Date of analysis.
§141.35(4) Noticeof  Availability of Sampling
Results: The owner  or operator shall notify persons
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                                                                                      April,  1994
served by the system of the availability of the results of
sampling conducted under §141.40 by including a notice
in the first set of water bflls issued by the system after
the receipt of the results or written notice within three.
months. The notice shall identify a person and supply
the telephone number to contact for information on the
monitoring results.  For surface water systems, public
notification is required only after the first quarter's
monitoring and must include a statement that" additional
monitoring will be conducted for three more quarters
with the results available upon request.

SUBPART E — SPECIAL
REGULATIONS, INCLUDING
MONITORING REGULATIONS AND
PROHIBITION ON LEAD USE

§141.40  MONITORING FOR
UNREGULATED INORGANIC & ORGANIC
CONTAMINANTS

§141.40(a)  Monitoring for Unregulated Organic
Chemicals: All community and  non-transient, non-
community water systems shall monitor for the
contaminants listed in paragraph  (e) in this section by
date specified in Table 1:
Number of persons served

3:300 to 10 000 	 •••
Less than 3300 	 	 	 	 	
Monitoring to
begin no later
than —
Jan. 1, 1988
Jan. 1, 1989
Jan. 1, 1991
 §141.40 (b) Surface Water Monitoring: Surface
 water systems shall sample at points in the distribution
 system representative of each water source or at entry.
 points to the distribution system after any application of
 treatment. The minimum number of samples is one
 year of quarterly samples per water source.
 §141.40(c) Ground Water Monitoring: Ground
 water systems shall sample at points of entry to the
 distribution system representative of each well after any
 application of treatment.  The minimum number of
 samples is one  sample per entry point to the distribution
 system.
 §141.40(d)  Confirmation Samples: The State may
 require confirmation samples for positive or negative
 results.
 §141.40(e)  Contaminants to Monitor: Community
 water systems and non-transient, non-community water'
 systems shall monitor for the following contaminants
 except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section:
 (1) Chloroform
 (2) Bromodichloromethane            /
 (3) Chlorodibromomethane
 (4) Bromoform
 (5) Dibromomethane
 (6) m-Dichlorobenzene
 (8) 1,1-Dichloropropene
 (9) 1,1-Dichloroethane        .         .
 (10) l,lA2-Tetrachloroethane         :          •
 (11) 1,3-Dichloropropane               .
 (12) Chloromethane  ,
 (13) Bromomethane
 (14) 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
 (15) 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
 (16) Chloroethane
 (17) 2,2-Dichloropropane
 (18) o-Chlorotoluene                           ^
 (19) p-Chlorotoluene
 (20) Bromobenzene
 (21)  1,3-Dichloropropene

§141.40(0  [Reserved]
§141.40(g)  Analytical Methods:  Analysis under this
section shall be conducted using the recommended EPA
methods as follows," or their equivalent as determined by
EPA:  502.1, "Volatile Halogenated Organic
Compounds in Water by Purge and Trap Gas
Chromatography," 503.1, "Volatile Aromatic and
Unsaturated Organic Compounds in Water by Purge
and Trap Gas Chromatography," 524.1, "Volatile   ,
Organic Compounds in Water by Purge and Trap Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry," 524.2, "Volatile
Organic Compounds in Water by Purge and Trap
Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry, or 502.2, "Volatile Organic Compounds in
Water by Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography with
Photoionization and Electrolytic Conductivity Detectors
in Series." These metrupds are contained in "Methods
for the Determination of Organic Compounds in
Finished Drinking Water and Raw  Source Water,"
September 1986, available from the Drinking Water
Public Docket or National Technical Information
Service (NTIS),NTIS'PB91-231480 and PB91-146027,
U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, VA 22161. The toll-free number is     ;
800-336-4700.                          ,        ,
§141.40(h)  Approved Laboratories: Analysis under
this section shall only be conducted by laboratories
approved under §141.24(g)(ll).
§141.40(i)  Grandfathering Data:  Public water
systems may use monitoring data collected any time
 after January 1, 1983 to meet the requirements for
 unregulated monitoring, provided that the monitoring
 program was consistent with the requirements of thjs
 section.  In addition, the results of EPA's Ground
 Water Supply Survey may be used  in a similar manner
 for systems supplied by a single well.
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  UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
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  §141.400)  Contaminants for Discretionary
  Monitoring:  Monitoring for the following compounds
  is requited at the discretion of the State:   ;    '  -••

   (1) 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene;      .
   (2) 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene;
   (3) n-Propylbenzene;
   (4) n-Butylbenzene
   (5) Naphthalene;
   (6) Hexachlorobutadiene;     :      •    .  •
•   (7) 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
   (8) p-Isopropyltbluerie;
   (9) Isopropylbenzene;                    .
   (10) Tert-butylbenzene;                    .   .  \  '
   (11) Sec-butylbenzene;  .                '   .    .
   (12) Fluorotrichloromethane;
   (13) Dichlorodifluoromethane; '••••
   (14) Bromochloromethane.

  §141.40(k)  Sampling Systems with Fewer than
  150 Service Connections: Instead of performing the
  monitoring required by this section, a community water
  system or non-transient non-community water system
  serving fewer than 150 service connections may send a
  letter to the State stating that the system is available, for
  sampling.
  §141.40(1) Repeat Sampling: All community and
  non-transient, non-community water systems shall repeat
  the monitoring required in § 141.40 no less frequently
  than every five years.
  §141.40(m) Composite Sampling:  States or Public
  Water Systems may composite up to five samples when
  monitoring for substances under §§ .141.40(6)-and (j).
 '§141.40(n). Phase fl Unregulated Contaminants:
  Monitoring of the contaminants listed in § 141.40(n)(ll)
  and 141.40(n)(12) shall be conducted as  follows:
  §141.40(n)(l)  Phase  U Organic Compounds:
  Each community and non-transient, non-community
 water system shall take four consecutive  quarterly
 samples at each sampling .point for each  contaminant
 listed in f(n)(ll) and report the results to the  State.
  Monitoring must be completed by December 31, 1995.
 § 141.40(n) (2)  Phase H Inorganic Chemicals:
 Each community and non-community, non-transient
 water system shall take one sample at each sampling
 point for each contaminant listed in H(n)(12) and report
 the results to the State.  Monitoring must be completed
 by December 31, 1995. '.'.''•
 §141.40(n)(3)  Waivers for Unregulated
 Contaminants:  Each community and non-transient,
 non-community, water system may apply to the State for
"a waiver from the requirements of H(n)(l) and (n)(2).
 §141.40(n)(4)  Waiver Criteria: A State may grant a
.waiver from the requirements of f (n)(l) based on the
 criteria specified in 5 141.24(li)(6). A State may grant a
 waiver from the requirements of H(n)(2) if previous
 analytical results indicate that contamination would not
 occur, provided this data was collected after January 1,
 1990.                  I
 §141.4000(5)  Ground Water Sampling Points:
 Ground water systems shall take a minimum of one
 sample at every entry point to the distribution system
 which is representative of each well after treatment
 (hereafter called a sampling point).  Each sample must
 be taken at the same sampling point, unless conditions
 make another sampling point more representative of
 each source or treatment plant.
 §141.40(n)(6)  Surface Water Sampling Points:
 Surface water systems shdl take a minimum of one
 sample at points in the distribution system that are
 representative of each source or at each entry point to
 the distribution system after treatment (hereafter called
 a sampling point).  Each sample must be taken at the
 same sampling point, unless conditions make another
 sampling point more representative of each  source or
 treatment plant.         ).'..•..•'•         -
 [ NOTE: For purposes of this paragraph, surface water
 systems include systems with a combination of surface
 and ground water sources. ]
 §141.40(n)(7)  Multiple Sources:  If the system
 draws water from more than one source and the sources
 are combined before distribution, the system must
 sample at an entry point to the distribution system
 during periods of normal operating conditions (i.e.,
when water representative of all sources is being used).
 §141.40(n)(8)  Confirmation Sampling:  The State
may require a confirmation sample for positive or
negative results.         I
 §141.4000(9)  Composite Sampling: The State may
reduce the total number of samples a system must
analyze by allowing the use of compositing.  Composite
samples from a maximum of five sampling points are
allowed.  Compositing of samples must be done in the
laboratory and the composite sample must be analyzed   ,
within 14 days of collection. If the population served by
the system is >3,300 persons, then compositing may
only be permitted by the State at sampling points within
a single system.  In systems  serving ^3,300 persons, the
State may permit compositing among different systems
provided the 5-sample limit is maintained.
§141.40(n)(10)  Small System Exemptions:  Instead
of performing the monitoring required by this section, a
community water system  or non-transient
non-community water system serving fewer than 150
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UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
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service connections may send a letter to the State.
stating that the system is available for sampling. This
letter.must be sent to the State by January 1,1994. The
system shall not send such samples to the State, unless.
requested to do so by the State.
§141.40(n) (11) List of Unregulated Organic
Contaminants: The listed methods are in the manuals
cited at §141.24(h)(12).    .
       Organic Contaminants
       Aldicarb
       Aldicarb Sulfoxide
       Aldicarb Sulfone
       Aldrin
       Butachlor
       Carbaryl
       Dicaraba
       Dieldrin
       3-Hydroxycarbofuran
       Methomyl
       Metolachlor
       Metribuzin
       Propachlor
EPA Analytical
   Method
531.1
531.1
531.1
505, 508, 525.1
507, 525.1
531.1   -
515.1
505, 508, 525.1
531.1
531.1
507, 525.1
507, 508, 525.1
508, 525.1
 §141.40(n)(12)  List of Unregulated Inorganic
 Contaminants:
Contaminant
Sulfate
EPA Analytical
Method
Colorimetric
                       §141.50(b) Non-zero MCLGs: MCLGs for the
                       following contaminants are .as indicated:
                                 , Contaminant
(1) 1,1-DichloroethyIene
(2) 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
(3) para-Dichlorobenzene
(4) Aldicarb
(5) Aldicarb sulforide
(6) Aldicarb sulfone     ;
(7) Atrazine
(8) Carbofuran
(9) o-Dichlorobenzene
(10) cis-l,2-Dichloroethylene
(11) trans-l,2-Dichloroethylene
(12)2,4-D
(13) Ethylbenzene       .   :
(14) Lindane
(15) Methoxychlor
(16) Monochlorobenzene
(17) Styrene
(18) Toluene
(19)2,4,5-TP .
(20) Xylenes (total)
(21) s Dalapon
(22)  Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
(23)  Dinoseb
(24)  Diquat
(25)  Endothall
(26)  Endrin
(27)  Glyphosate
(28). Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
(29)  Oxamyl (Vydate)
(30)  Picloram
(31)  Simazine
(32)  1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
(33)  1,1,2-Trichloroethane >
                                MCLG (mg/1)
0.007
0.20
0.075
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.04
0.6
0.07
0.1
0.07
0.7
0.0002
0.04
0.1
0.1
 1
0.05
10
0.2
0.4
0.007
0.02
0.1
0.002
6.7
0.05
,0.2
 0.5
 0.004
 0.07
 0.003
 SUBPART F — MAXIMUM
 CONTAMINANT LEVEL GOALS

 §141.50 MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT
 LEVEL GOALS (MCLGs). FOR ORGANIC
 CONTAMINANTS

 §141.50(a)  ZERO MCLGs:
 (19)  Benzo(a)pyrene
 (20)  Dichlororaethane (methylene chloride) ,
 (21)  Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
 (22)  Hexachlorobenze'ne
 (23)  23,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)
                        §141.51 MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT
                        LEVEL GOALS FOR INORGANIC
                        CONTAMINANTS

                        §141.51(a) [Reserved]
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   UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                                                              April,  1994
\  §141.51(b) MCLGs:  MCLGs for the following
   contaminants are as indicated:
           Contaminant
          (1) Fluoride
          (2) Asbestos

          (3) Barium
          (4) Cadmium
          (5) Chromium
          (6) Mercury
          (7) Nitrate
          (8) Nitrite
          (9) Total Nitrate
             + Nitrite
         (10) Selenium
         (11) Antimony ,
         (12) Beryllium
         (13) Cyanide (as
           •  free cyanide)
         (14) Nickel
         (15) Thallium
  MCLG (mg/I)15
       4.0
7 million fibers/liter
(longer than 10 /im)
     .2
      0.005
       0.1
      0.002
  10 (as Nitrogen)
  1 (as Nitrogen)

  10 (as Nitrogen)
       0.05
      0.006
      0.004
       0.2

       0.1
     0.0005
  SUBPART G — NATIONAL REVISED
  PRIMARY DRINKING WATER
  REGULATIONS: MAXIMUM
  CONTAMINANT LEVELS

  §141.60  EFFECTIVE DATES

  §141.60(a) VOCs: The effective dates for §141.61 are
  as follows:                        •
   (1) The effective date for paragraphs (a)(l) through
       (a)(8) of §141.61 is January 9, 1989.
   (2) The effective date for paragraphs (a)(9) through
       (a)(18) and (c)(l) through (c)(18) of §141.61 is
       July 30, 1992.
   (3) The effective date for paragraphs (a)(19)-through
       (a)(21) and (c)(19) through (c)(25), and (c)(27)
       through (c)(33) of §141161 is January 17, 1994.
       The effective date of §141.61(c)(26)  is August 17,
       1992..
  §141.60(b)  SQCs:  The effective dates for §141.62 are
  as follows:            '             ,            .  •
   (1) The effective date of paragraph (b)(l) of §141.62
  is October 2, 1987.
   (2) The effective date for paragraphs (b)(2) and
  (b)(4) through (b)(10)-of §141.62 is July 30, 1992.
   (3) The effective date for paragraphs (b)(ll) through
  (b)(15)  of §141.62 is January 17, 1994.
§141.61 MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT
LEVELS (MCLs) FOR ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS

§141.61(a)  Volatile Oirgamic MCLs: The following
maximum contaminant levels for organic contaminants
apply to community and non-transient, non-community
water systems.         . .                        ,
CAS No.
(1) 75-01T4
(2) 71-43-2
(3) 56-23-5 ,
(4) 107-06-2
(5) 79-01-6
(6) 106-46-7
(7)75-35-4
(8) 71-55-6
(9) 156-59-2
(10)78-87-5
(11) 100-41-4
(12) 108-90-7
(13)95-50-1
(14) 100-42-5
(15) 127-18-4
(16) 108-88r3
(17) 156-60-5
(18) 1330-20-7
(19) 75-09-2
(20) 120-82-1
(21)79-00-5
Contaminant
Vinyl chloride
Benzene
v Carbon tetrachloride
1,2-Dichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
para-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichlordethjlene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
ds-l,2-D5diloroethylene
1,2-Di chloropropane
Ethylbenzene
Monoiihlorobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene "
Toluene
trans-li,2-Dichloroethylene
Xylen<» (total)
Dichlorome thane
1,2,4-Trichlordbenzene
1, 1^-Trichloroethane
- ,i
MCL
(mg^)
0.002
0.005
0.005
0.005 '
0.005
0.075
0.007
0.2
0.07
0.005
0.7
0.1
0.6
0.1
0.005
1
0.1
10
0.005
0.07
0.005
                           §141.61(b) Organic BATs:  The Administrator,
                           pursuant to Section 1412 ,of the Act, hereby identifies as
                           indicated in the Table below granular activated carbon
                           (GAC), packed tower aeration (PTA), or oxidation
                           (OX) as the best technology treatment technique, or
                           other,means available for achieving compliance with the
                           maximum contaminant level for synthetic organic
                           contaminants identified ill paragraphs (a) and (c) of this
                           section:                                     '
                                                -   39  -

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UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                               April,  1994
BAT FOR ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS LISTED
IN SECTION 141.61(a) and (c)
CAS No.
1S972-60-S
11646-3
1646-SS.4
1645-87-3
1912-24-9
71-43-2
50-32-8
1563-66-2
56-23-5
57-74-9
75-99-0
94-75-7
96-12-3
95-50-1
107-06-2
156-59-2
1S6-60-5
75-35-4
75-09-2
78-87-5
103-23-1
117-81-7
88-85-7
85-00-7
145-73-3
72-20-8
106-93-4
100-41-4
1071-53-6
76-44-8
1024-57-3
118-74-1
77-47-3
58^9-9
72-43-5
108-90-7
23135-22-0
106-46-7
1918-02-1
1336-36-3
87-86-5
122-34-9
103-42-S
1746-01-6
93-72-1
127-18-4
120-82-1
71-55^
79-00-5
79-01-6
103-88-3
8001-35-2
75-01-4
1330-20-7
Contaminant
Alachlor - /
AJdiaib
AJdiorb sulfone ,
AWkarb sulfoxide
Atnzinc
Benzene
Beazo(a]pyrene
Carbofunn >
Carbon (etnchloride
Ctdordane
Dabpon
2,4-D
Dibromocbloropropane(DBCP)
o-DicbJorobenzene ,
1,2-Dkhloroethane
cts-l,2-DicnloroethyIene
trans-W-Dichloroethylene
l.l-Dichlorocthylene
Dkhloromelhane
1.2-DidJoropropane
Di(2-elhylhexyl)adipate
Di(2-etbylhe^l5phthaUte
Dinoseb
Diquat
Endolhall
Endrin
Ethylene Dibromide (EDB)
Elhylbenzene
Gtyphosate
HepUchlor
Heptachlor eporide
Hexachtorobenzene
HejachlorocyclopenUdiene
Lindane
Melho^ehlor
Monochlorobenzene
Ojamyl (Vydate)
pan-Dichlorobenzene
Picloram
Pofj-chloricatod b^ihcn>is (PCBs)
Fenuchlorophenol
Simazine
Styrene
2,3.7.8-TCDD (Diorin)
2.4.5-TP (Silvex)
Tetrachlorocthylene
1.2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1.1.1-TrichIoroe thane
1,1,2-Trichloroelhane
Trichloroctbylene .
Toluene
Toxaphene
Vinyl chloride
Xykne
G
A
C
X
X
X
X
X
X
,x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
p. .
T
A"





X


X



X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X





X
X




X


X

X ,




X


X
X
X
X
X


X
X
0
X




:,























X .










1














§141.61(c)  Synthetic Organic MCLs: The following
maximum contaminant levels for synthetic organic
contaminants apply to community water systems and
non-transient, non-community, water systems.
CAS No.
(1) 15972-6XW
(2) 116-06-3
(3) 1646-87-3
(4) 1646-87-4
(5) 1912:24-9
(6) 1563-66-2
(7) 57-74-9
(8.) 96-12-8
(9)94-75-7
(10) '106-93-4
(11)76-44-8
(12) 1024-57-3
(13) 58-89-9
(14) 72-43-5
(15) 1336-36-3
(16) 87-86-5
(17) 8001-35-2
(18)93-72-1
(19) 50-32-8 .
(20) 75-99-0
(21) 103-23-1
(22) 117-81-7
(23) 88-85-7 ;
(24) 85-00-7
(25) 145-73-3
(26)72-20-8
(27) 1071-53-6
(28) 118-74-1
(29) 77-47-4
(30) 23135-22-0
(31) 1918-02-1
(32) 122-34-9
(33) 1746-01-6
Contaminant
Alachlor .
Aldicarb
Aldicart) sulfoxide
Aldicarb sulfone
Atrazine ,
Carbofuran
Chlordane
Dibromochloropropane
2,4-D
Ethylene dtbromide
Heptachlor , ,
Heptachlor epoxide
Lindane
Methoxychlor
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Pentachlorophenol
Toxaphene
2,4^-TP ,
Benzo[a]pyrene
Dalapon
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adjpate
Di(2-ethylhexy1)phthalate
Dinoseb ' - •
Diquat
Endothall
Endrin ,
Glyphosate
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Oxamyi (Vydate)
Pidoram
Simazine
23,73-TCDD (Dioxin)
MCL
(mgA)
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.04
0.002
0.0002
0.07,
0.00005
0.0004 -
0.0002
0.0002
0.04
0.0005
0.001
0.003
0.05
0.0002
0.2
0.4
0.006
0.007
0.02
0.1
0.002
0.7
0.001
0.05
0.2
0.5
0.004
3xl04
                                           -  40  -

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 UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                                                               April,  1994
 §141.62  MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT
 LEVELS (MCLs) FOR INORGANIC
 CONTAMINANTS

 §141.62(a)  [Reserved]
 §141.62(b)  MCLs for lOCs: The maximum
 contaminant levels for inorganic contaminants specified
 in paragraphs (b)(2) - (6), (b)(10), and (b)(ll) - (15) of
 this section apply to community water systems and non-
 transient, non-community water systems.  The maximum
 contaminant level specified in paragraph  (b)(l) of this  '
 section only applies to community water systems. The
 maximum  contaminant levels specified in (b)(7), (b)(8),
 and (b)(9) of this section apply to community water
 systems; non-transient, non-community water systems;
 and transient non-community water systems.
                             BAT FOR INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS  LISTED IN
                             SECTION 141.62(b)    !
          Contaminant
        (1) Fluoride
        (2) Asbestos

        (3) Barium
        (4) Cadmium
        (5) Chromium
        (6) Mercury
        (7) Nitrate
        (8) Nitrite
       , (9) Total Nitrate
            + Nitrite   :
       (10) Selenium
       (11) Antimony
       (12) Beryllium
       (13) Cyanide (as
           free cyanide)
       (14) Nickel
       (15) Thallium
    MCL(mg/l)
        4.0
7 million fibers/liter
(longer than  10 /im)
  '2 .-
      0.005
        0.1
      0.002
  10 (as Nitrogen)
  1 (as Nitrogen)

  10 (as Nitrogen)
      0.005
      0.006
      0.004
        0.2

        0.1
,  :    0.002
 §141.62(c) BATs for lOCs: The Administrator,
 pursuant to Section 1412 of the Act, hereby identifies
, the following as the best technology, treatment
 technique, or other means available for achieving ..
 compliance with the maximum contaminant levels for
 inorganic contaminants identified in paragraph (b) of
 this section, except fluoride:
Chemical Name
Antimony :
Asbestos
Barium . - • . '
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium .'.'•;_.
Cyanide
Mercury
Nickel
Nitrate
-Nitrite |
Selenium
Thallium
BAT(s)
2,7 ,
23,8
5,6,7,9
1,24,6,7
2,5,6,7
2,5,62,7
5,7,10
2',4,6',7'
5,6,7
5,7,9
5,7
U',6,7,9
1,5
1 BAT only if influent Hg concentrations :S10 fig/I.
1 BAT for Chromium HI only.
  BAT for Selenium IV only.
Key to BATs in Table:
 1 = Activated Alumina
 2 = Coagulation/Filtration
 3 = Direct and Diatoinite Filtration
 4 = Granular Activated Carbon
 5 — Ion Exchange   |
 6 = Lime Softening           •   •
 7 = Reverse Osmosis
 8 = Corrosion Control
 9 = Hectrodialysis
10 = Chlorine
11 = Ultraviolet
                            §141.89  ANALYTICAL METHODS

                             9 For analyzing lead and copper, the technique
                            applicable: to total metals must be used and samples
                            cannot be filtered. Samples that contain less than
                            1 NTU (nephelometric turbidity unit) and are properly
                            preseved  (cone HNO3 to pH <2) may be analyzed
                            directly (without digestion) for total metals; otherwise,
                            digestion  is required.  Turbidity must be measured on
                            the preserved samples jujit prior to when metai analysis
                            is initiated. When digestion is required, the "total
                            recoverable' technique as defined in the method must
                            be used.
                                                -  41   -

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UNOFFICIAL & DRAFT
                                 April,  1994
SUBPART J — USE OF
NON-CENTRALIZED TREATMENT
DEVICES

§141.100  CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES
FOR PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS USING
POINT-OF-ENTRY DEVICES

§141.100(a) Requirements: Public water systems
may use point- of-entry devices to comply with
maximum contaminant levels only if they meet the
requirements of this section.
§ 141.100 (b) Operation and Maintenance
Responsibility: It is the responsibility of the public
water system to operate and maintain the point-of-entry
treatment system.
§141.100(c) Monitoring Plan: The public water
system must develop and obtain State approval for a
monitoring plan before point-of-entry devices are
installed for compliance.  Under the plan approved by
the State, point-of-entry devices must provide health
protection equivalent to central water treatment.
"Equivalent" means that the water would meet-all
national primary drinking water regulations and would
be of acceptable quality similar to water distributed by a
well-operated central treatment plant. In addition to
the VOCs, monitoring must include physical
measurements and observations such as total flow
treated and  mechanical condition of the. treatment
equipment.
§141.100(d) Microbiological Safety:  Effective
technology must be properly applied under a plan
approved by the State and the microbiological safety of
the water must be maintained.
§141.100(d)(l)  System Certification:  The State
must require adequate certification of performance,
field testing, and, if not included in the certification
process, a rigorous engineering design review of the
point-of-entry devices.                    ,
§141.100(d)(2)  Point-of-Entry Devices:  The design
and application of the point-of-entry devices .must
consider the tendency for increase in heterotrophic
bacteria concentrations in water treated with activated
carbon.  It may be necessary to use frequent back-
washing, post-contactor disinfection, and Heterotrophic
Plate Count monitoring to -ensure that the
microbiological safety of the water is riot compromised.
§141.100(e) Rights and Responsibilities: All
consumers shall be protected. Every building connected
to the system must have a point-of-entry device
installed, maintained, and adequately monitored. The
State must be assured that every building is subject to
treatment and monitoring, and that the rights and
responsibilities of the public water system customer
.convey with title upon sale of property.

§141.101  USE OF OTHER NON-
CENTRALIZED  TREATMENT DEVICES

  Public water systems shall not use bottled water or
point-of-use devices  to achieve compliance with an
MCL. Bottled water or point-of-use devices may be
used on a temporary basis to avoid an unreasonable  risk
to health.
SUBPART K -
TECHNIQUES
TREATMENT
§141.110  GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

 The requirements of Subpart K constitute national
primary drinking water regulations.  These regulations
establish treatment techniques in'lieu of maximum
contaminant levels for specified contaminants.

§141.111  TREATMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
ACRYIAMIDE & EPICHLOROHYDRIN

 Each public water system must certify annually in
writing to the State (using third party or manufacturer's
certification) that when acrylamide and epichlorohydrin
are used in drinking water systems, the combination (or
product) of dose and monomer level does not exceed
the levels specified as follows:
 Acrylamide = 0.05% dosed at 1 ppm (or equivalent)
 Epichlorohydrin = 0.01% dosed at 20 ppm (or
equivalent). Certifications can rely on manufacturers or
third parties, as approved by the State.
                                             -  .42   -

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