Federal Register/Vol. 65, No. 236/Thursday, December 7, 2000/Rules and Regulations 76725
TABLE 1-8.—ANALYTICAL METHODS APPROVED BY EPA FOR RADIONUCLIDE MONITORING (§141.25)
Contaminant
Naturally occurring:
Gross alpha11 and beta ...
Gross alpha11
Radium 226
Radium 228 .
Man-made:
Radioactive cesium
Radioactive Strontium 89,
90.
Tritium
Methodology
Evaporation
Radiochemical
Radiochemical
Gamma ray spectrometry
Gamma ray spectrometry
Liquid scintillation
Gamma ray spectrometry
Reference (method or page number)
EPA1
900.0
903.1
903.0
904.0
908.0
908.1
901.0
901.1
902.0
901.1
905.0
906.0
901.1
902.0
901.0
EPA 2
P1
p16
p13
p24
p4
p6
p9
p29
p34
EPA"
00-01
00-02
Ra-04
Ra-03
Ra-OS
00-07
Sr-4
H-2
EPA«
P1
p19
p19
p33
p92
p92
p. 65
p. 87
P92
SM5
302. 7110 B
7110 C
7500-RaC
304. 305, 7500-Ra B
304. 7500-Ra D
7500-U B
7SOO-UC(17thEd.)
7500-U C (18th or
19th Ed.)
7500-CsB
7120
7500-1 B
7500-1 C
7500-1 D
7120 (19th Ed.)
303. 7500-Sr B
306.7500-3H B
7120 (19th Ed.)
7500-CsB
7500-1 B
ASTM"
D 345 4-91
02460-90
0 2907-91
D 3972-SO
D 51 74-91
D 2459-72
D 3649-91
D 3649-91
D 4785-88
D 4107-91
03649-91
D 4785-88
USGS7
R-1 120-76
R-1 141-76
R-1 140-76
R-1 142-76
R-1 180-76
R-1 181 -76
R-1 182-76
R-1 11 1-76
R-1 11 0-76
R-1 160-76
R-1171-76
R-1 110-76
DOE8
Ra-OS
U-04
U-02
4.5.2.3
4.5.2.3
Sr-01
Sr-02
4.5.2.3
Other
N.Y.»
N.Y.»
N.J. »
1 "Prescribed Procedures tor Measurement of Radioactivity In Drinking Water." EPA 600/4-80-032 . August 1980. Available at U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information
Service. 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 (Telephone 800-553-6847). PB 80-224744.
2 "Interim Radiochemical Methodology tor Drinking Water,'7 EPA
„ „ ' EPA 600/4-75-008 (revised). March 1976. Available at NTIS, fcid. PB 253258.
3"Radlochemlstry Procedures Manual", EPA 520/S-84-O06, December 1987. Available at NTIS, ibid. PB 84-215581.
4 "Hadiochemical Analytical Procedures for Analysis of Environmental Samples." U.S. Department of Energy. March 1979. Available at NTIS, bid. EMSL LV 053917.
^Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th. 17th. 18th. 19th Editions, 1971. 1989. 1992,1995. Available at American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth
Street N.W., Washington. D.C. 20005. Methods 302, 303, 304, 305 and 306 are only In the 13th edition. Methods 7110B. 7110 C. 7500-Ra B, 7500-Ra C. 7SOO-Ra D, 7500-U B. 7500-Cs B,
7500-I B, 75CMI 9jJS«H5,_750 "Determination of Radium 228 In Drinking Water," August 1980. Available at State of New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Environmental Quality, Bureau of Ra-
diation and Inorganic Analytical Services, 9 Ewing Street, Trenton, NJ 08625.
"Natural uranium and thorium-230 are approved as gross alpha-particle activity calibration standards for the gross alpha co-precipitation and evaporation methods: americlum-241 is ap-
proved for use with the gross alpha co-precipitation methods.
'2 If uranium (U) is determined by mass-type methods (I.e.. fluorometric or laser phosphorimetry). a 0.67 pCI/ug uranium conversion factor must be used. This conversion factor is conservative
and is based on the 1:1 activity ratio of U-234 to U-238 that is characteristic of naturally-occurring uranium m rock.
TABLE I-9.—REQUIRED REGULATORY
DETECTION LIMITS FOR THE VAR-
IOUS RADIOCHEMICAL CONTAMI-
NANTS (§141.25)
Contaminant
Gross Alpha
Gross Beta .
Radium-226
Radium-228
Cesium-134
Strontium-89
Strontium-90
lodine-131
Tritium
Other Radionuclides and Pho-
ton/Gamma Emitters.
Detection
Limit
(pCi/L)
3
4
1
1
10
10
2
1
1 000
Vioth of the
rule.
/. Where and How Often Must a Water
System Test for Radionuclides?
1. Monitoring Frequency for Gross
Alpha, Radium 226, Radium 228, and
Uranium
The monitoring scheme being
finalized today provides for more
frequent, but less sample-intensive (on a
per compliance site basis), monitoring
for systems with a demonstrated
inherent vulnerability and reduced
monitoring for systems with low
contaminant levels, which will apply to
most systems. Instead of the current
monitoring framework for radionuclides
of four samples every four years for
results above 50% of the MCL and one
sample every 4 years for those at or
below 50% (at State discretion), the
revised rule calls for one sample every
three years for compliant systems with
average contaminant levels above 50%
of the MCL but at or below the MCL,
one sample every 6 years for systems
with levels above the detection limit
and at or below 50% of the MCL, and
every 9 years for systems with levels
below the detection limit.
2. Monitoring Frequency for Beta
Particle and Photon Radioactivity
Beta particle and photon radioactivity
monitoring will be performed only by
community water systems designated by
the State as "vulnerable" or
"contaminated". A community water
systems (both surface and ground water)
designated by the State as vulnerable
must collect quarterly samples for beta
emitters and annual samples for tritium
and strontium-90 at each entry point to
the distribution system, beginning
within one quarter after being notified
by the State. Systems already designated
by the State must continue to sample
until the State reviews and either
reaffirms or removes the designation. If
the gross beta particle activity minus the
naturally occurring potassium-40 beta
particle activity at a sampling point has
a running annual average less than or
equal to 50 pCi/L (screening level), the
system may reduce the frequency of
monitoring at that sampling point to
once every 3 years.
Community water systems (both
surface and ground water) designated by
the State as utilizing waters
contaminated by effluents from nuclear
facilities must collect quarterly samples
for beta emitters and iodine-131 and
annual samples for tritium and
strontium-90 at each entry point to the
distribution system, beginning within
one quarter after being notified by the
State. Systems already designated by the
State as systems using waters
contaminated by effluents from nuclear
facilities must continue to sample until
the State reviews and either reaffirms or
removes the designation. If the gross
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