United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
(4606)
January T998
4>EPA The National Public Water System Supervision
Program: FY96 Compliance Report
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Table of Contents
The National Drinking Water Program: An Overview 2 - 6
Public Water System Inventory , 7-11
Distribution of Public Water Systems (PWS) by Source 9
Distribution of Community Water Systems (CWS) by Size 11
Distribution of Nontransient Noncommunity Water Systems (NTNCWS) by Size ., 12
Distribution of Transient Noncommunity Water Systems (TNCWS) by Size 13
Community Water Systems Compliance 14-30
National CWS Compliance Profile (1986 -1996) 16 -17
National CWS Compliance Profile by Size Category ,. ,. 18-25
Regional CWS Compliance Profile by Region 26-29
National CWS Compliance Profile by Contaminant Groups , ,, ,. , 30
Nontransient Noncommunity Water Systems Compliance 31 - 37
National NTNCWS Compliance Status ,. , , 32
National NTNCWS Compliance Profile by Size Category 33 - 36
National NTNCWS Compliance Profile by Contaminant Group 37
Transient Noncommunity Water Systems Compliance ...38 - 43
National TNCWS Compliance Profiles by Size Category 39 - 42
National TNCWS Compliance Profile by Contaminant Group 43
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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The National Drinking
Water Program:
An Overview
The National Public Water System Supervision Program p 2
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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The National Drinking Water Program: An Overview
EPA established the Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Program under the authority of
the 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Under the SDWA and the 1986 and 1996 Amendments,
EPA sets national limits for contaminant levels in drinking water to ensure that the water is safe for
human consumption. These limits are known as Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). For some
regulations, EPA establishes treatment techniques (TTs) in lieu of an MCL to control unacceptable
levels of contaminants in water. The Agency also regulates how often public water systems (PWSs)
monitor their water for contaminants and report the monitoring results to the states or EPA.
Generally, the larger the population served by a water system, the more frequent the monitoring and
reporting (M/R) requirements. In addition, EPA requires PWSs to monitor for unregulated
contaminants to provide data on occurrences for future regulatory development. Finally, EPA
requires PWSs to notify the public when they have violated any of the regulations.
The SDWA applies to the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Indian Lands, Puerto Rico, the
Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands,
and the Republic of Palau. The SDWA allows states and territories to seek EPA approval to
administer their own PWSS programs. The 1986 amendments to the SDWA extended this right
to Indian Tribes as well. The authority to run a PWSS Program is called primacy. To receive
primacy, states must meet certain requirements laid out in the SDWA and EPA regulations,
including the adoption of drinking water regulations that are at least as stringent as the Federal
regulations and a demonstration that they can enforce the program requirements. All
jurisdictions but Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and the Indian Tribes currently have
primacy. EPA Regional Offices directly implement the PWSS Programs within these
jurisdictions.
The 1996 SDWA Amendment [Section 1414(c)(3)] requires states with primacy to prepare and
submit to EPA an annual report on public water system violations. Congress also mandates that
EPA will summarize and evaluate the reports submitted by the states in an annual national report.
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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Primacy states report quarterly to EPA on their PWS inventory statistics, the incidence of MCL,
M/R, and TT violations, and the enforcement actions taken against violators. EPA Regional Offices
report this information for Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and all Indian lands. Regional Offices
also report Federal enforcement actions taken. EPA stores its data in a national database called the
Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED).
In FY 1996, regulations for 81 individual contaminants were in effect [72 have MCLs and 9 are
regulated by treatment techniques (TTs)]. The list of 81 is comprised of 6 microbiological
contaminants, 4 radionuclides, 17 inorganic chemicals, and 54 organic chemicals. A list of these
contaminants by regulation appears on page 6.
The National Public Water System Supervision Program Page 4
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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Sources of Drinking Water Contamination
Contaminants may enter drinking water before, during, or after treatment by a water system. The majority of PWSs
treat their water, as necessary, to ensure that their customers receive water which is safe to drink. Some of the sources
of drinking water contaminants are as follows:
Before Treatment
• Bacteria from human or animal sources
« Turbidity in water caused by suspended matter
such as clay, silt, and microscopic organisms
• Overflowing storm sewers
» Defective storage tanks
• Leaking hazardous landfills, ponds, and pits
• Saltwater intruding on depleted aquifers near
seashores
» Pesticides, fertilizers, and other agricultural run-off
• Run-off from oil-slicked or salt-treated highways
• Underground injection of hazardous wastes
• Naturally-occurring fluoride and metals such as
arsenic and cadmium
• Decay products of radon, radium, and uranium
« Industrial chemicals, such as solvents
During Treatment
By-products of disinfectants such as
trihalomethanes
After Treatment
Lead, copper, asbestos, and other materials from
corroding pipes
Bacteria and dirt entering through leaking pipes
Improper connections with other systems that allow
contaminants to enter drinking water pipes
Permeation of contaminants through certain pipe
materials
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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Contaminants for which Regulations are in Effect
Individually Regulated Contaminants
Arsenic
Copper*
Fluoride
Lead*
Total Conforms
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM)
Phase I Contaminants (VOC Rule)
Benzene
Carbon Tetrachloride
1,2-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl Chloride
Surface Water Treatment
Giardia tamblia'
Legionella"
Heterotrophic Plate Count*
Turbidity*
Viruses*
Phase II Contaminants
Acrylamide*
Alachlor (Lasso)
Asbestos
Atrazine
Barium
Carbofuran
Cadmium
Chlordane
Chromium
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
o-Dichlorobenzene
c/s-1,2-Dichloroethylene
/rans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
1,2-Dichloropropane
2,4-D
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
Ethylbenzene
Ethylene Dibromide (EDB)
Epichlorohydrin*
Heptachlor
Heptachlor Epoxide
Lindane (BHC-gamma)
Mercury
Methoxychlor
Monochlorobenzene
Nitrate
Nitrite
PCBs
Pentachlorophenol
Selenium
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Toxaphene
Xylenes (total)
Phase V Contaminants
Antimony
Beryllium
Cyanide
Dalapon
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
Di(2-ethylhexyi)phthalate
Dichloromethane
Dinoseb
Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
Diquat
Endothall
Endrin
Glyphosate
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Nickel
Oxamyl (Vydate)
PAHs (Benzo(a)pyrene)
Picloram
Simazine
Thallium
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Radionuclides
Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity
Gross Alpha Particle Activity
Radium-226
Radium-228
"Denotes contaminants which are regulated by TTs instead of an MCL.
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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Public Water System
Inventory
The National Public Water System Supervision Program Pane 7
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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Public Water System Inventory
Definitions
A Public Water System (PWS) provides piped
water for human consumption to at least 15 service
connections or serves an average of at least 25 people for
at least 60 days each year. PWSs can be community,
nontransient noncommunity, or transient noncommunity
systems. Each type of PWS is defined as follows.
A Community Water System (CWS) is a PWS that
provides water to the same population year-round.
A Nontransient Noncommunity Water System
(NTNCWS) is a PWS that regularly serves at least 25 of
the same people at least six months of the year.
Examples of these systems include schools, factories,
and hospitals that have their own water supplies.
A Transient Noncommunity Water System
(TNCWS) caters to transitory customers in non-residential
areas such as campgrounds, motels, and gas stations. .
All PWSs are required to monitor, report and comply
with the MCLs for total coliform bacteria and nitrate. In
addition, CWSs are subject to M/R requirements for other
microbiological contaminants, chemicals and radiological
contaminants (refer back to page 6 for list), and to adhere
to MCL and TT requirements. Because NTNCWSs can
contribute significantly to an individual's daily water
intake, M/R and MCL requirements under new
regulations [beginning with the Phase I (VOCs) Rule
promulgated on July 8, 1987] and TT requirements apply
to NTNCWSs as well as CWSs.
All information in this report was generated from
SDWIS/FED (Safe Drinking Water Information System)
in June 1997.
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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Public Water System Inventory (cont.)
Distribution of Public Water Systems by Source
In FY 1996, 172,248 water systems in the 57 states
and territories were classified as PWSs. The table below
shows the distribution of CWSs, NTNCWSs, and TNCWSs
by water source.
Approximately 92 percent (158,552) of all PWSs
obtain their water from a ground water source. More
specifically, about 81 percent (44,627) of CWSs, 96
percent (19,516) of NTNCWSs, and 98 percent (94,409)
of TNCWSs were served by ground water sources in
FY 1996. The remaining systems were served by surface
sources such as lakes and rivers.
CWSs, which provide drinking water primarily to
residential areas, account for 32 percent of all PWSs.
NTNCWSs, such as schools and factories, make up
approximately 12 percent of the PWSs. The remaining 56
percent of PWSs are TNCWSs.
Public Water System Inventory
Source*
Surfacel
Ground
Total
CWSs
Number of
Systems (%)
10,800 (19%)
44,627 (81%)
55,427 (100%)
Population
Served (%)
157,758,000 (64%)
88,866,000 (36%)
246,624,000 (100%)
NTNCWSs
Number of
Systems (%)
720 ( 4%)
19,516 (96%)
20,236 (100%)
Population
Served (%)
634,000 (10%)
5,495,000 (90%)
6,129,000 (100%)
TNCWSs
Number of
Systems (%)
2,175 (2%)
94,409 (98%)
96,584 (100%)
Population
Served (%)
3,967,000 (22%)
14,350,000 (78%)
18,317,000 (100%)
All PWSs1
Number of
Systems (%)
13,696 (8%)
158,552 (92%)
172,248 (100%)
Source: Table A1 - A7 of The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics (FY 1992 - FY 1996).
* Note: Includes systems that obtain their water from other PWSs.
' Since an individual can be served by more than one category of PWS, the total population served by all PWSs is not cumulative and therefore cannot be determined.
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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Public Water System Inventory (cont.)
Distribution of Public Water Systems by Source (cont.)
CWSs serve approximately 247 million people. The
remainder of the population receives its residential drinking
water from private wells and other non-Federally regulated
systems (i.e., those serving fewer than 15 service
connections or 25 people). Virtually everyone in the 57
states and territories, and on Indian Lands, however, drinks
water from one or more types of PWSs at some time during
the year because, as previously explained, PWSs include
schools, factories, restaurants, motels, churches,
campgrounds, highway rest stops, and the like.
Definition of Public Water Systems Size Categories
EPA frequently analyzes PWS compliance trends
based on five size categories. (Refer to the table on the
right.) These five size categories will be used throughout
the remainder of this report.
PWS Size Categories
System Size
Very Small
Small
Medium
Large
Very Large
Population Served
25-500
501-3,300
3,301-10,000
10,001-100,000
More than 1 00,000
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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Public Water System Inventory (cont.)
Distribution of Community Water Systems by Size (cont.)
Eighty-six (86) percent of CWSs are classified as very small or small, that is, they regularly serve 3,300 or fewer
people. Although there are 48,921 very small and small systems, these CWSs serve fewer than 26 million of the
approximately 247 million customers of CWSs in the country. Conversely, the 332 very large systems, which comprise
less than one percent of the CWS universe, serve 44 percent of the customers supplied by CWSs.
Community Water Systems
Total Systems = 55,427
Total Population Served = 246,624,000
Number of CWSs
Population Served by CWSs
Medium, Large
& Very Large^
14%
Medium, Large,
& Very Large
90%
Very Small
& Small
86%
Very Small
& Small
10%
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Tables A3.
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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Public Water System Inventory (eont)
Distribution of Nontransient Noncommunity Water Systems by Size (cont.)
Like CWSs, most NTNCWSs regularly serve 3,300 or fewer people. Ninety-nine (99.5) percent of NTNCWSs are
classified as very small or small. However, unlike smaller CWSs which provide water to only 10% of the population
served by CWSs, very small and small NTNCWSs serve the majority (83 percent) of the population served by NTNCWSs.
Nontransient Noncommunity Water Systems
Total Systems = 20,236
Total Population = 6,129,000
Number of NTNCWSs
Population Served by
NTNCWSs
Medium & Large1
0.5%
Medium & Large'
17%
Very Small
& Small
99.5%
Very Small
& Small
83%
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Tables A4 & AS.
'None of the NTNCWSs are very large systems (I.e., none serve more than 100,000 people).
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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Public Water System Inventory (cont.)
Distribution of Transient Noncommunity Water Systems by Size (cont.)
Like CWSs and NTNCWSs, most TNCWSs regularly serve 3,300 or fewer people. As shown below, 99.7 percent of
TNCWSs are classified as very small or small, and provide drinking water to the majority (55 percent) of the population
served by TNCWSs.
Transient Noncommunity Water Systems
Total Systems = 96,584
Total Population = 18,317,000
Number of TNCWSs
Medium, Large,
& Very Large
0.3%
Very Small
& Small
99.7%
Population Served by
TNCWSs
Medium, Large,
& Very Large
45%
Very Small
& Small
55%
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Tables A1 & A7.
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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Compliance with
Federal Regulations
COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEMS
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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Compliance With Federal Regulations (cont.)
National Compliance Trends (cont.)
Public Water System (PWS) violations are devided into four types: Maximum Contaminant Level
(MCL) violations, Treatment Technique (TT) violations, Monitoring and Reporting (M/R) violations, and
other violation types (Other).
The other violation types may include reported violations of the public notification requirements,
the conditions set under a variance or exemption, and miscellanious violations.
The charts on the next page have eleven year trends for both MCL and M/R violations and have
four year trends for TT violations. Except for the FY 1993 data, the count of violations and systems in
violation exclude unfiltered public water systems in violation of the Treatment Technique requirements of
the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR).
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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Compliance With Federal Regulations - National Compliance Trends
CWS Compliance Status
In FY 1996, the compliance rate for CWSs increased from 63% for FY 1995 to 74% - the highest value
since FY 1986. This means that in FY 1996, no violations were reported to EPA for 74% of the CWSs. The
compliance rate for CWSs has remained between 63% and 74% from FY 1986 to FY 1996.
CWS Compliance Status
FY -1986-1996
l»l I*
o>
O
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Community Water Systems
Compliance Trends
FY 1986-1996
In FY 1994, the overall number of systems in violation increased due to an increased number of
systems with M/R violations. However, the number of CWSs with MCL violations and CWSs with TT
violations decreased.
In FY 1996, the overall number of violations and systems in violation decreased from FY 1995.
The graph indicates that the number of systems in violation for failure to monitor or report is more than
double the number of systems with MCL violations. Approximately seven percent of CWSs violated
MCL standards while 21 percent of CWSs violated the M/R requirements and only one percent violated
TT requirements.
CWSs In Violation
eg
O
1986 1987 1988
1989
19 9 O 1991 1992
Fiscal Year
993 1994 1995
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Tables B1& C1.
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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FY 1996 National Community Water System (CWS) Compliance Profile
The first chart shows the system size distribution of all CWSs that violated the MCL, M/R, TT and/or other
requirements during FY 1996. The small number of very large and large systems with violations affects a large percentage
of the population.
The second chart shows the total number of CWSs in violation for FY 1996 decreased from 15,247 in FY 1995 to
14,620 in FY 1996. All size categories show decreases in violations.
CWSs in Violation in FY 1996
i I
V-large Large Medium Small V-Small
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
I 2000 |
CWS in Violation (FY 1995 & FY 1996)
1
W
V-large Large Medium Small V-Small
I
jBFY 1995
|" FY 1996|
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table D4.
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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FY 1996 National Community Water System (CWS) Compliance Profile
This chart shows the MCL, M/R and TT distribution by
system size for all CWSs that had violation(s) in FY 1996. The
"other category" violations (671) were not included in the graph.
In FY 1996, 21 percent of the CWSs had M/R violations, seven
percent had MCL violations and one percent had TT violations.
The number of CWSs with M/R violations (11,709), plus
the number of CWSs with MCL violations (4,151), plus the
number of CWSs with TT violations (681), plus the number of
CWS with the other type of violations (671) in FY 1996 exceeds
14,620 (17,212) because some systems had a combination of
MCL, M/R, TT and/or the other violation types.
CWSs in Violation (FY 1996) Total = 14,620
9000
8000
7000
', 6000
|
5000
; 4000
3000
MCL
IT
2000
1000
0
V-large
Large
Medium Small V-Small
Source: The_PWS lnvento_ry_and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table D4.
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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FY 1996 National CWS M/R Compliance Profile
The chart shows the majority of systems in violation
were very small and small CWSs, but a larger population is
affected by larger size CWSs in violation.
This is the second year of decreases in the number of
M/R violations in CWSs. In FY 1996, there were 11,709
CWSs with M/R violations and in FY 1995 there were 12,055
CWSs with M/R violations.
CWSs with M/R Violations in FY 1996
(11,709)
V-large Large Medium Small V-Small
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table D4.
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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FY 1996 National CWS M/R Compliance Profile
In FY 1996, each CWS with M/R violations had an
average of 10 violations, however, the large and very large
systems had an average of 21.6 and 34.6 violations per CWS
with violations, respectively; while the small systems had only 7
violations per CWS. Multiple violatations can be used as a tool
for targeting enforcement activity for the PWSS program.
#cws
n of Violations
# of Vios/CWSs
CWSs in M/R Violation in FY 1996
V-large Large Medium Small V-Small Total
38 411 549 2305 8406 11709
1316 8890 5147 16178 85171 116702
34.6 21,6 9.4 7.0 10.1 10.0
90000
80000
70000
»
5 60000
o
- 50000
0
e 40000
| 30000
c
20000
10000
0
CWSs with M/R Violations (FY 1996)
85171
• # cws"' "
H# of Violations
8890
38 1316 411
, i**»
V-large
Large
549,
Medium
V-Small
Source: The.PWS Inventory and_CompJiance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table B3 & D4.
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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FY 1996 National CWS MCL Compliance Profile
MCL violations decreased from 4,352 to 4,151 from FY
1995 to FY 1996. This chart shows the majority of systems in
violation are very small and small CWSs, but more people are
affected by the violations from the large and very large CWSs.
CWSs with MCL Violations in FY 1996 (4,151)
(A
V)
o
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
7
!
6 !
4 5
c
V-large Large Medium Small V-Small
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table D4.
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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FY 1996 National CWS MCL Compliance Profile
On average, there were 1.6 violations for each CWS with
MCL violations in FY 1996. There is no significant difference in
the average number of violations per CWS among size
categories.
CWSs with M CL
# CWS
# of Violations
# of Vios/CWSs
V-large
11
21
1.9
Large
286
441
1.5
Violation in FY
Medium
323
436
1,3
Small
953
1526
1.6
1996
V-Small
2578
4412
1.7
Total
4151
6836
1.6
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table B3 & D4
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000 ;
1500
1000
500
4.
0
CWSs with MCL Violation
(FY 1996)
4412
:B#CWS
;Q# of Violations
1 1 21
286441 323436
95
V-large Large Medium Small V-Small
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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FY 1996 National CWS TT Compliance Profile
The TT violations discussed in this report exclude
unfiltered public water systems in violation of the Treatment
Technique requirements of the Surface Water Treatment Rule
(SWTR). These unfiltered systems failed to comply with the
state (or EPA) requirement to install filtration treatment within
18 months of the state order.
There was a decrease in the treatment technique (TT)
violations in FY 1996 from the previous year. In FY 1995 there
were 946 CWSs with TT violations; there were 681 CWSs with
TT violations in FY 1996.
This chart shows the majority of systems in violation were
very small and small CWSs, but the larger populations were
affected by the large and very large systems with TT
violations.
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table 04.
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
CWSs with TT Violations in FY 1996
(681)
55
c
a.
50.
V-large Large Medium Small V-Small
Page 24
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FY 1996 National CWS TT Compliance Profile
In FY 1996, each CWS with TT violations had an average
of 3.4 violations per CWS. For this type of violation, very large
systems had the highest numbers of violations per CWS at 4.5
violations per system.
CWSs with TT Violation (FY 1996)
CWSs with TT Violation in FY 1996
V-large Large Medium Small V-Small Total
# CWS 11 61 84 247 278 681
# of Violations 50 164 257 871 970 2312
# of Vios/CWSs 4.5 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.4
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300 j
200 !
100
50
871
#CWS
# of Violations)
I KXNXXl
V-large Large
Medium
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table B3 &D4.
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FY 1996 National Comoliance Recoil
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FY 1996 Regional Community Water Systems (CWSs) Compliance Profile
This chart shows the EPA Regional distribution of all CWSs that violated MCL, M/R, TT and/or other
requirements and the total number of violations reported by EPA Regions in FY 1995 and FY 1996. Regions IV
and VI show significant decreases in total violations while Regions II and X show increases in violations in FY
1996 compared to FY 1995.
CWS with Violation by Region
• CWS in Vio 95
«a CWS in Vio 96
IX
X
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table D5.
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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FY 1996 Regional CWS M/R Compliance Profile
There are 11,709 CWSs with M/R violations in FY 1996. The following chart shows the distribution of the M/R
violations of CWSs by Regions in FY 1996. The chart also shows that Regions IV and X have the highest number of
CWSs with M/R Violations while Region I has the lowest number of CWSs with M/R violations.
FY 1996 CWS with M/R Violation
3000 ;
2000 '
1000
0
1963
686
951
1 123
II
IV
V VI
Region
2074
829 713 "1 783
VI! VIII IX
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table 05 .
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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FY 1996 Regional CWS MCL Compliance Profile
There were 4,151 CWSs with MCL violations in FY 1996. The following chart shows the distribution of the MCL
violations of CWSs by Regions in FY 1996. Region VI has the highest number of MCL violations while both Regions
and VIM have low MCL violations in FY 1996.
FY 1996 CWS with MCL Violation
800
600
400
200
0
332 375
469
553
669
618
VII VIII IX
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table D5 .
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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FY 1996 Regional CWS TT Compliance Profile
In FY 1996, 681 CWSs reported TT violations; representing one percent of the CWSs nationwide. The following
charts show that Region X has the highest number of CWSs (170) with violations and Region I has only nine TT
violations in FY 1996.
200
100
0
FY 1996 CWS with TT Violation
92
52 __ 44
134
82
II
IV
V VI
Region
35 31
VII VIII
30
IX
172
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table D5 ,
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FY 1996 National Compliance Report
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FY 1996 Community Water Systems (CWSs) Compliance Profile by Contaminant Groups
The following chart shows the distribution of CWSs in violation by contaminant group. The most common violations among
CWSs were M/R and MCL violations of the Total Coliform Rule and Turbidity (TCR/T). For M/R requirements, inorganic chemicals
violations were the second most common violation.
CWS with M/R Violation in FY 1996
Total = 11,703 (Other: 2,572)
7554
1543
TCR/T
432
NORG FWD
Contaminants
434
LCR SWTR
4000
3500
o 3000
>
c 2500
| 200°
**
I1500
* 1000
500
0
CWS with MCL & TT Violations in FY 1996
Total = 4,151 MCL; 681 TT.
3529
322
55
243 261
TCR/T CR3 NORG RAD OTHffl
Contaminants
513
172 ^H
••i ••
LCR SWTR
Note: The sum of the CWSs in violalion for each Ihe contaminant groups could exceed the total number of CWS with violations. Since some CWSs have violations in more than one
contaminant group.
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table 03.
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
Page 30
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Compliance with
Federal Regulations
NONTRANSIENT NONCOMMUNITY WATER SYSTEMS
The National Public Water System Supervision Program p
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
-------
-------
FY 1996 National Nontransient Noncommunity Water Systems (NTNCWSs) Compliance Profile
The NTNCWS compliance rate remained between 67% and 82% from FY 1989 to FY 1996. In FY 1996, it has
decreased to 69% from 71% (FY 1995). In the past, NTNCWSs were subject to M/R and MCL requirements for fewer
contaminants. However, with the promulgation of each new or revised rule, NTNCWSs are subject to the same
requirements as CWSs,
NTNCWS Compliance Status
FY 1989-1996
CO
<->
^*
CO
a.
9 O
8 O
~7 O
6O
5 O
4 O
3 O
2 O
1 O
O
1 989
199O 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Fiscal Year
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table A1 & C1 .
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
Page 32
-------
FY 1996 National Nontransient Noneommunity Water Systems (NTNCWSs) Compliance Profile
In FY 1996, approximately six percent of all
NTNCWSs violated the MCL standards and 27 percent
violated the M/R requirements. Less than one percent of all
FY 1996 Nontransient Noneommunity
Water System in Violation
Size Category M/R MCL TT
V-Iarge 000
Large 220
Medium 14 9 1
Small 579 143 44
V-Small 4770 1091 118
Total 5365 1245 163
i 5000
4500
4000
! 3500
3000
1 2500
' 2000
1 1500
1
! 1000
: 500
0
•
HM/R;
• MCL
..TT 1
BIT |
NTNCWSs in Violation (FY 1996)
Total = 6,226
V-large
Large
Medium
Small
V-Small
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table E4.
Note: Total may be less than the sum of the individual violation types because a water system may have had
violations in more than one category (e.g.. MCL and M/R violations reported in same year)..
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
Page 33
-------
FY 1996 National NTNCWS M/R Compliance Profile
There was an approximate ten percent increase in the
number of NTNCWS with M/R violations from FY 1995 to FY
1996, In FY 1995 there were 4,885 NTNCWS with M/R
violations and in FY 1996 there were 5,365 NTNCWS with M/R
violations.
The majority of NTNCWSs in violation are very small
and small NTNCWSs. A larger population was affected by the
very small and small NTNCWSs in violation, differing from the
previous study of CWSs on page 22.
m
(f)
*
Q
Z
H
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
NTNCWS with M/R Violation
FY 1996 Total = 5,365
I # NTNCWS
•POP
V-large Large Medium Small V-Small
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table E4.
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
Page 34
-------
FY 1996 National NTNCWS MCL Compliance Profile
There was a slight increase in number of NTNCWSs with
MCL violations from FY 1995 to FY 1996. In FY 1995 there
were 1,162 NTNCWSs with MCL violations and in FY 1996
there were 1,245 NTNCWSs with MCL violations.
This chart shows the majority of systems in violation are
very small NTNCWSs, but the largest proportion of the
population affected is served by the small NTNCWSs.
€>
a
E
3
C
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
NTNCWS with MCL Violation
Total s 1,245
I ft NTNCWS '
-pop in 1,000i
V-large Large Medium Small V-Small
Source: The PWS inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table E4,
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
Page 35
-------
FY 1995 National NTNCWS TT Compliance Profile
There was a 20% decrease in the number of NTNCWSs
with TT violations from FY 1995 to FY 1996. In FY 1995 there
were 197 NTNCWSs with TT violations and in FY 1996 there
were 163 NTNCWSs with TT violations.
This chart shows the majority of systems in violation are
the very small NTNCWSs, but the largest proportion of the
population were affected due to violations in small NTNCWSs.
Due to the inavailability of the data in SDWIS, the TT
violations discussed in this report exclude unfiltered public
water systems in violation of the Treatment Technique
requirements of the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR).
These unfiltered systems failed to comply with the state (or
EPA) requirement to install filtration treatment within 18 months
of the state order.
(A
w
o
z
h
z
^
o
k.
o
ja
E
3
C
120 ;
100 •
80
60 '
40
20
0 •
NTNCWS with TT Violation in FY 1996
Total = 163
I# NTNCWS
-POP
V-large Large Medium Small V-Small
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table E4.
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY W96 National Compliance Report
Page 36
-------
FY 1996 National NTNCWS Compliance Profile by Contaminant Groups
The following chart shows the distribution of NTNCWSs in violation by contaminant group during FY 1996. The distribution
is very similar to the CWS profile on page 32. As with the CWSs, the most common violations among the NTNCWS were the
Total Coliform Rule and Turbidity (TCR/T) for both M/R and MCL violations. Inorganic chemical M/R violations were the second
most common violations for M/R violation. There were 1,355 M/R violations for other contaminant codes.
I
FY 1996 NTNCWS with M/R Violation
Total = 5,365
3378
2294
519
26
1355
I
TCR/T ere
NORG Bad
Contaminants
LCR SWTR OTHERS
FY 1996 NTNCWS MCL/TT Violations
MCL Total = 1,245 (other:49)
TT total = 163
(fl
1200
1000 J-
800
600
400
200
0
1070
TCR/T
Note: The sum of the NTNCWSs in violation for each the contaminant groups could exceed the total number of
NTNCWSs with violations. Since some NTNCWSs have violations in more than one contaminant group.
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Tables E1.E2& E3.
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
44
CR3
90
1
NORG RAD
Contaminants
117
LCR
46
SWTR
Page 37
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Compliance with
Federal Regulations
TRANSIENT NONCOMMUNITY WATER SYSTEMS
The National Public Water System Supervision Program Page 38
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
-------
FY 1996 National Transient Noncommunity Water Systems (TNCWSs) Compliance Profile
In FY 1996, there was a significant increase (30%) in
TNCWS in violation (25,725) when compared with FY 1995
(19,644).
Approximately four percent of all TNCWSs violated
the MCL standards and 24 percent violated the M/R
requirements. Only one-tenth of one percent of all
TNCWSs violated the TT standards.
FY 1996 Transient Noneommunity Water
System in
Size Category
V-large
Large
Medium
Small
V-Small
Total
M/R
0
6
22
585
22529
23142
Violation
MCL
0
1
8
138
4057
4204
TT
0
0
4
7
129
140
25000 -
20000
15000
10000
5000
TNCWSs in Violation (FY 1996)
Total = 25,725
BM/RJ
• wa
HTT
V-large
Large
Medium
Small
V-Small
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table F4.
Note: Total may be less than the sum of the individual violation types because a water system may have had
violations in more than one category (e.g., MCL and M/R violations reported in same year).
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
Page 39
-------
FY 1996 National TNCWS M/R Compliance Profile
Twenty-four percent (23,142) of TNCWSs had M/R
violations in FY 1996. The majority of TNCWSs in violation
are very small systems but they affected large populations
unlike the previous study of CWSs which showed the large
populations were affected by a small number of large size
CWSs in violation (see page 20).
25000
20000
u
z
H
"o
0)
a
E
3
C
15000
10000
5000
0 •
TNCWS with M/R Violation
FY 1996 Total = 23,142
V-large Large Medium Small V-Small
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table F4.
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
Page 40
-------
FY 1996 National TNCWS MCL Compliance Profile
Only four percent (4,204) of TNCWSs had MCL violations
in FY 1996. The majority of TNCWSs in violation were very
small systems but they affected large populations unlike the
previous study of CWSs which showed large populations were
affected by a small number of large size CWSs in violation
(see page 22),
(0
w
u
z
H
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
TNCWS with MCL Violation
Total = 4,204
I# TNCWS
•pop in 1,000
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
o
o
o
a.
O
a.
V-large Large Medium Small V-Small
__._Source:.The RWS. Inventory^ndComplianca Statistics:
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
1996,-Jable F4 ______
Page 41
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FY 1996 National TNCWS TT Compliance Profile
Only one percent of all TNCWSs had TT violations
in FY 1996. The majority of systems in violation are the
very small systems, but the larger populations are
affected by the medium size systems with violation.
The TT violations discussed in this report exclude
unfiltered public water systems in violation of the Treatment
Technique requirements of the Surface Water Treatment Rule
(SWTR), These unfiltered systems failed to comply with the
state (or EPA) requirement to install filtration treatment within
18 months of the state order.
TNCWS with TT Violation in FY 1996
Total = 140
CO
jg
O
z
H
'S
u
B
1
3
C
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
25
20
o
o
o
15 T-"
c
10
0
a.
V-large Large Medium
I ^^"-.r o
Small V-Small
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Table F4.
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
Page 42
-------
FY 1996 National TNCWS Compliance Profile by Contaminant Groups
The following chart shows the distribution of TNCWSs in violation by contaminant group during FY 1996, The most common
violations among the TNCWSs were the Total Coliform Rule and Turbidity (TCR/T) for both M/R and MCL violations. Nitrate M/R
violations were the second most common. There were 4,196 M/R violations for other contaminant codes.
o
>
c
E
w
to
%
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
TNCWS M/RfTT Violations
M/R Total = 23,142
18363
8767
149
1 17
TCfVT
DC NO3 OTH
' Contaminants
swm
TNCWS MCL/TT Violations
MCL Total = 4,204
TT total = 137
3982
1 3
TCR/T
Note: The sum of the TNCWSs in violation for each the contaminant groups could exceed the total number of
TNCWSs with violations, since some TNCWSs have violations in more than one contaminant group.
Source: The PWS Inventory and Compliance Statistics: FY 1992 - FY 1996, Tables F1, F2 & F3.
The National Public Water System Supervision Program
FY 1996 National Compliance Report
Page 43
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