Unrted States .- ,- ,/ Office'of Water', EPA 820 B se-n
Environmental Protection 4301 =i-^H^u-e-S6-o
Agency OUT September 1996
1995 Updates:
Water Quality
Criteria
Documents for the
Protection of
Aquatic Life in
Ambient Water
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DISCLAIMER
This document has been reviewed by the Health and Ecological
Criteria Division, Office of Science and Technology, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication.
Mention of trade names and commercial products does not
constitute endorsement of their use.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Technical support for preparation of this document was
provided to the Office of Water by Charles E. Stephan, U.S.
EPA, Office of Research and Development, Mid-Continent Ecology
Division, Duluth, MN.
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CONTENTS
Arsenic (III) . . . . , . . . . ." . . . . . . .......... . 'A-l
*
Cadmium .... -. . ..... v . ". . . .. . . . . ... . ..' . . B-l
Chromium (1 1 1) -. . . . .'.'.'. .'.'. . , . - ." . . . . . . . . . c-1,
Chromium (VI) -. . . . ... . '. . . '.'. . . . ....... . . . D-l
Copper . . . . ...... . . . . . .'...'.....".-. .. . . .; ' . E-L-
Cyanide ....... . ป .- . . . . .....,,.. . ... . . . . . ... F-l
.Dieldrln . ..-,.. . . . . . . . ... .. >'.,.-..'. . . . .' . .... G-i
1 y
Endrin ..... ....... , . . . . . .'. . . . .... H-l
Lindane . .' . :. . . .... . ' . .' . . . . . ... . . . . . -. ... 1-1
Mercury (II) . . ;. . . .''.'.. ... . . ." . .... . . . . . .'-. j-i
Nickel ....... ..... .. T ........... . K-l
Parathion . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . L-l
Pentachlorophenol . . . .... ." . . . ". . . . . . M-l
Selenium . ... . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .. .... . .-. . N-l
Zinc ;.'... . .'-. . . , . . ."...'. . . .' . . . . .. . . . . .. '. o-l
111
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INTRODUCTION
The purpose of these updates is to apply the methodology and
datasets used in the derivation of the GLI aquatic life criteria
to the national aquatic life criteria .for these pollutants in
fresh water. The methodology is that described for Tier I in
Appendix A_to Part 132: Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative
^OHO ^ฐ?leS 5ฐr 2relฐ"pment of A<5uatic Life Criteria and Values
(Federal Register 60:15393-15399; March 23, 1995) This
pc. that Ascribed in the 1985 Guidelines
(U.S. EPA 1985) in the following important ways:
. The GLI methodology gives preference to species that are
resident_in the Great Lakes System. This has no impact on
these criteria, however, because the sensitive species in
these datasets that are considered commercially or '
recreationally important for the purposes of deriving national
aquatic life criteria are the same as the sensitive species in
these datasets that are considered commercially or
recreationally important for the purposes of derivina GLI
aquatic life criteria. y
. The GLI methodology does not use the Final Residue Value (FRY)
aUSd ^ 19
1985 Guideline^ Instead of using the
! VJtl0n ฐf ac*uatic Ufe criteria, human health
and wildlife criteria are to be derived using guidelines that
are designed to provide .adequate protection to human health
and wildlife.
Acute-Chronic Ratios (ACRs) for saltwater species are not used
in the derivation of criteria for freshwater species if the
Minimum Data Requirements for chronic data are satisfied by
data for freshwater species.
generally identicai to '
Although it is not part of the methodology, if the range of
%SSf Mean.'Acute Values (SMAVs) or Species Mean Chronic Values
(SMCVs) within a genus was greater than a factor of five, the
Genus Mean Acute Value or Genus Mean Chronic Value was set equal
to the lowest SMAV or SMCV in that genus to provide adequate
protection to the tested species in the genus. Whenever this was
done, it is footnoted in the relevant table.
The datasets used in these updates used new data that were
considered to be of acceptable quality along with the data in the
criteria documents previously published by the U.S. EPA, which
are referenced in the section for each pollutant. "New dataware
data that^became available since the last literature search used
in the preparation of the criteria document by U.S. EPA and prior
IV
-------
to January 1.993. Some errors in the U.S. EPA criteria ^ . "
were corrected and the' new taxonomy' for salmon ids w^ docunent3 .
SMAVs and GMAVs are different from^hose in the U ^ EPA^'' f^
-documents due" to the preference for results of ซfi *H criteria
measured" tests. Although some'new data con?H *flow-throu^/
revise the slopes relating acu?e and/or cn^fc ?ฃic!S) to** *
These updates affect criterion concentrations (i e Cri'i-ari^
Maximum .Concentrations and/or Criterion ContinuouJ" CriteriOn
allowed^xceedinces11 nOt avera?ing Periods or frequencies
The
ACR
CCC '
CMC
FAV
FCV
GMAV
GMCV
FACR
SMACR
SMAV
SMCV
**. n arS USed in t-his-Document:
Acute-Chronic Ratio
= Criterion Continuous Concentration
- Criterion Maximum Concentration -
=. Final Acute Value'. ' <
= Final Chronic Value
= : Genus Mean Acute Value'-
= Genus Mean Chronic Value
= Final Acute-Chronic .Ratio "
- Species Mean Acute-Chronic Ratio ~ '
= Species Mean Acute; Value
= Species Mean Chronic Value
v
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.. . . 1995 UPDATE:
F-re'shwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Arsenic (III) -
The new acceptable acute and chronic data for arsenic(III) are
given in Tables Al and A2. These new data were used with those
given in Tables I and 2 of the criteria document for arsenic
(U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given in Table A3.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table A3, resulting in a FAV of
679.6 ug/L. This value did not need' to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important'species. The CMC was
calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 339.^8
ug/L, as total recoverable arsenic(III).
\ '
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic to'xicity data were" available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value. (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were- available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic, Ratio (FACR). The
new chronic test gave an ACR of 3.784; the geometric mean of this
value and the ACR in U.S. EPA (1985) for the same species was
4.199. This and the two other Species Mean ACRs in U.S. EPA .
(1985) are given in Table A3; the three ACRs. were within a factor
of 1.2. The FACR was calculated, as the geometric mean of the
three ACRs and was 4.594. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (679.6
ug/L)/(4.594) = 147.9 ug/L. This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species. The CCC was ^147.9 ug/L, as total recoverable
arsenic(III).
The Criterion
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not. be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of arsenic(III) does not
exceed 147.9 ug/L more than once every three years on the average
and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 339.8
ug/L more!! than once every three years on the average.
A-l
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Table Al. New Acute.Values for Arsenic(III)
Species
'Method* Chemical
Test _ Acute
Duration Value
(hrs) (ug/L)
Reference
Fathead, minnow, :
Pimephales. promelas , FT,M
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magn'a ; S,U
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex S,U
Cladoceran, , -
Ceriodaphnia reticulata S,U
Sodium
arseni'te
Sodium"
arsenite
' Sodium
arsenite
Sodium
.arsenite
- " . Spehar and
96 12,600 Fiandt 1986
. j
Elnabarawy
48 4,501, et al. 1986
. Elnabarawy
48 2,366 et al. 1986^
Elnabarawy
.48 . 1,269 et al. 1986
FT = flow-through, M = measured, S = static, U = unmeasured.
A-2
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A2. New Chronic Values for Arsenic(III)
Species
Test*
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
Chronic
Value
(ug/L)
Acute-
Chronic
Ratio
Reference
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
ELS
12r600 3,330 3.784
Spehar and
Fiandt 1986
* ELS = early life stage.
A-3
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Table A3. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Arsenic(III)
Rank*
14 '
13
12
,11 '
10
9 '-
8
7
6
' 5
4 ' .
3
2
1
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
; 97,000
41,760
26,040
24,500.'
22,040
20,130
. 18,100
14,960 ."
14,065
13,340'
2,690
1,511
1,175
874
. Species '
' Midge, -
Tanytarsus dissimilis '
"' /*" '
> \
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus .
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Snail, ' ' ;
Aplexa hypnorum
Stonefly,
''Pteronarcys calif ornica
Flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
Channel catfish
Ictalurua punctatua
- ,-. ...
Brook trout, ' -
Salveli'nus fontinali's /
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelaa
Rainbow trout,
Oncofhynchus mykiss
.Cladocerari,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex ,
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus vetulus
Amphipod,
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L) ,
97, 000
41, 760
26,040
24,500
22, 040
20,130
18,100
14,960
^ ,''
14,065
ซ
13,340
4,449
1,626
1" 5 1 1
812
1 700
974
Species Mean
.. Acute-Chronic
, Ratio , ;
4.862
4.199
.4.748.
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
A-4
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Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value. - ..
FAV = 679.6 ug/L ;
CMC = FAV/2 = 339.8 ug/L
FACR = 4.594
FCV = FAV/FACR = (679.6 ug/L)/(4.594) = 147.9 ug/L = CCC
A-5
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References
Elnabarawy, M.T.., A.N. Welter, and R.R.' Robideau. 1986.
Relative Sensitivity of-Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic
and Inorganic .Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.
Spehar, R.L.,'and J.T. Fiandt. 1986. Acute and Chronic Effects
of Water Quality Criteria-based Metal Mixtures on Three Aquatic
Species. Environ.. 'Toxicoi. Chem. 5:917-931. '
U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Arsenic - .
1984. ' EPA 440/5-84-033. National'Technical Information Service,
Springfield; VA., . " " ' ' - .
A-6
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1995 UPDATE:
-"Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Cadmium' -
The new acceptable acute and chronic data for 'cadmium are given
in Tables Bl and B2. These new data were used with those given
toolf4SS i and 2 Of the criteri* document for cadmium (U.S.. EPA
1985) to obtain the values given in Tables B-3 .and B4. Because
the toxicity of cadmium is hardness-dependent, all acute and -
chronic values in Tables B3 and B4 have been adjusted to a
hardness of 50 mg/L. . .
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The SMAVs given in Table B3 for the green sunfish, bluegill, coho
salmon, and rainbow trout were derived from U.S. EPA (1985) bv
giving preference to results of "FT,M" tests. Several SMAVs
given in U.S. EPA (1985) were changed or eliminated due to
deletion of tests that were conducted in river water bv Soehar '
and Carlson (1984a,b) . tซ=ซai
The Final Acute Value'(FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table B3, .resulting in an FAV of 4 134
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This'value did not need to be*
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2
resulting in a CMC of 2.067 ug/L, as total recoverable cadmium,
at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CMC was related to hardness using
the slope of 1.128 that was derived in .-U.S. EPA (1985):
(In hardness) -3.6867
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Two chronic values given in U.S. EPA (1985) were not used here
because the tests were conducted in"river water by Spehar and
Carlson (1984a,b). The chronic value given in U.S. EPA (1985)
for Moina macrocopa was not used here because the concentrations
of cadmium were not measured.
Chronic toxicity tests have been conducted on cadmium with a wide
variety of aquatic species -and the resulting ACRs have a wide
range, even within sensitive species (U.S. EPA 1985). Therefore,
the _ Final* Chronic Value (FCV) was calculated using the eight-
family procedure that was used to calculate the FAV and was used
to calculate the FCV for cadmium in. U.S. EPA (1985). As in U.S.
. B-l ' ' ,
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hardness us.ng the slop, of 0.7852 :that was d^vJdi'Vs. EPA
CCC = e
0-7852.(lln hardness) - 2.715
The Criterion , - ' "
The procedures described in the methodology indicate HV^ ov ^
. . .
CCG = Q 0.7852 (In hardness) -2.715 '
more :than once every three years on the average and if the
a
= e -1"128 ^ln hardness) - 3.6867
. more than once every three years on the average^."
B-2
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Table Bl. New Acute Values for Cadmium
Adjusted
Species
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Amphipod^
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Crayfish,
Orconectes virilis
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss-
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout
(28-day egg) ,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout
(14-day egg) ,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout
(24-hr, egg),
, Hardness
(mg/L as
Method* CaCO3)
S,U 240
S,U 120
S,U 200
S,U 200
S,U 240
S,U . 240
S,U 50
S,U 26
FT,M 9.2
FT,M 50
FT,M 50
FT,M 50
FT,M 50
FT,M 50 .
Acute
. Value
(ug/L)
184 .
70
50
100
319
178
. 1700
6100
<0.5
30
10 ,'
9200
7500
13000
Acute
Value
(ug/L)**
31.36
26.07
. 10.47
20.94
54.37
30.3
1700
12755
<3.37
30
10
9200***
7500*'**
13000***
Reference
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Hall et al.
1986
Hall et al.
1986
Hall et al.
1986
Elnabarawy .
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy,
et al. 1986
Martin' and
Holdich 1986
Mirenda 1986
Cusimano and
Brakke 1986
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et al._1985
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et-al. 1985
Oncorhynchus mykiss
i
Rainbow trou_t
(0-hr, eggto
Oncorhynchus mykiss
FT,M
50 . 13000
13000*** Van Leeuwen
et al. 19,85
B-3
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Table Bl. (Cont.)
Species
i Hardness .Acute
, (rag/L as , Value
Method*' CaC03) (ug/L),
Adjusted
Acute
Value'
(ug/L)**, Reference
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
Striped bass,
Morbne saxatilis
S,U
40
285
10 .
5.14 Palawski
et al. 1985
1.4 Palawski
et al. 1985
0ฃ the
B-4
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Table B2. New Chronic Values for Cadmium
Species
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Oligochaete,
Aeolosoma headleyi
Hardness
(mg/L as
Test* CaCO3)
LC 240
LC 240
LC 106
LC 65
LC 240
LC , 65
Chronic
Value
(ug/L)
0.4
"
4.3
7.07
7.49
13.7
25.19
Adjusted
Chronic
Value
(ug/L) **
0.12***
1.25*** ..
3.919
6.096
4***
20.50
Reference
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Ingersoll and
Winner 1982
Niederlehner
1 rt O A
1984
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Niederlehner
1984
*, LC = life cycle. .
** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a slope of 0,7852
*"*
. B-5
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Table B3. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values, fox Cadmium
' Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* . (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value .,
(ug/L) **
43
, 42 " '
41
40
39 '
38
. 37
36
35
34
33
32
31
'30
29
28
12755
\_832 5
8100
7921
76,85 '
6915'
4990
4977 ,
: 4778
4024
. 4024 .
3800
3570
3514
3400
3018
. Crayfish, ' " '
. Orconectes virilis
Goldfish, -
Carassius auratus
Damselfly, ' . .
' . (Unidentified) '
Tubificid worm, ,
Rhyacodrilus montana
Mosquitofish, ..-'.-..
, Gambusia af finis
Tubificid worm,
Stylodrilus heringianus
, Tubificid worm,
' Spirosperma ferox
' **.
Tubificid worm/
Spirosperma ni.kol.skyi
, Threespine stickleback
Gasterosteus aculeatus
Tubificid worm,
Varichaeta , p'acif ica
. Tubificid worm, :
Tubif ex tubif ex'
Tubificid worm, .
Quistradilus multisetosus
Snail, ' . ,
.Amnicola sp~
Guppy,
Poecilia . reticulata
White sucker, ':
Catostomus commersbni
Caddisf ly, .- , . '
(Unidentified)
Tubificid worm, .
'12755 ' .
8325 ;
.8100
,7921 '
7685
6915
4401
.5658
4977
4778
4024
4024
3800
' 3570
3514".
3400
; 3018 -
Branchiura sowerbyi
- . . B-6
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Table B3. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Aplexa hypnorum
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)**
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
2888
2400
2395
2310
, 2137
1700
1700
1200
736 .
401
221.9
215.5
156.9
142.5
104.0
Flagfish, ' .
. Jordanella floridae
Northern squawfish,
Ptychocheilus oregonensis .
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Mayfly,
Ephemerella grandis
Tubificid , worm,
Limnodrilus hof fmeisteri
Worm,
Nais sp .
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Midge,
Chironomus sp.
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata ,
Isopod,
Asellus bicrenata
Bryozoan,
Plumatella emarginata
Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Snail,
Physa gyrina
Bryozoan,
Pectinatella magnifica
Snail,
2888
2400
- 2399
1347
4249.
2310
2137
, 1700
1700 .
1200
736
, 401
221.9
215.5,
156.9
142.5
104.0
B-7
-------
Table B3. (Con't. )
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank*, (ug/L)**
Species
-. Species Mean
. Acute Value
(ug/L)**
12 98.79 Banded killifisti,
Fundulus diaphanus
11 74.99 Amphipod, . ' ,;
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
Amphipod, " ,
Gammarus sp.
'.10' 48.28- Cladoceran, . " ' .
, -Ceriodaphnia reticulata
9. 42.8 Isopod,
Lirceus alabamae
8 40.78 Cladoceran,
Moina macrocopa
7 30.54 Bryozoan,
' Lophopodella carteri
''/''* ' ' x
6 30'. 50 Fathead minnow,
. Pimephales promelas
5 29.96 Cladoceran.,
, Simocephalus serrulatus
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus vetulus
4 21.13 Cladoceran',
Daphnia magna,
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
3 5.421 Coho salmon,
, Oncorhynchus kisutch
Chinook salmon, '"
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Rainbow trout,
, Oncorhynchus mykiss
2 2.682*** White perch,
. . Morone americana
',* ' : . ' .' '
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
98.79
80,33
70.00
48.28
42,. 8
40.78
30.54
30.50
33-2
27.03
14.2
31.43
6.48
4.254
5.78
7544
2.682****
B-8 .
-------
B3. (Cent.)
Genus Mean '
Acute Value'
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean
Acute .Value
(ug/L)**
1.647 Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
1.647
Ranked from-most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value. . ' .. ,
At hardness = 50 mg/L.
*** The GMAV was set equal to the lower SMAV due to the large range in the
SMAVs in this genus.
**** This SMAV was based on the results reported by Palawski et al. (1985)
**
because they were considered better data than those given in U.S. EPA
(1985), although the data reported by Hughes (1973) supported the newer
data.
At hardness = 50 mg/L:
FAV ป 4.134 ug/L
*
CMC = FAV/2 =* 2.067 ug/L '.'."'
As a function of hardness:
1.128 (In hardness) -3.6867
CMC = e
B-9
-------
Table B4. Ranked Genus Mean Chronic Values for Cadmium
Genus Mean-'
Chronic Value
Rank* " . (ug/L)**
'Species
Species Mean
Chronic Value
(ug/L)** .
12 . ,20.5-0
11 16.32
10 15.40 ...
9 8.170 "
'. , 8 8.138
: 7 7.849
6. 7.771
5 5.336
4 4.841
3 4.383\
:," .. -
2 3.399
, , 1 . 0.1354***
Oligochaete, ,
Aeolosoma headleyi
Bluegill, .._
Lepomis iriacrochirus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas .
Smallmouth bass,
Micropterus dolomieu
Northern pike,
Esox lucius
White sucker/
Catostomus commersoni .
Atlantic salmon,
Salmo salar
' ' ' - ' *
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta ; ,
Flagfi.ah,
Jordanella floridae
Snail,
Aplexa hypnorum
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Lake trout,
Salvelinus namaycush
,Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch '
Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Cladoceran, ,
Daphnia magna '.-.-
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
1 ' ' 20.50
16.32 /
- 15.40 . : ;
8.170 - . '.
8.138
'7.849 .
8.19,2
7.372
5.336
4.841
2.362
.8.134
4.289 '
2.694
0.1354
_ 4.888
B-10
-------
* * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean .Chronic
Value. ""
** At hardness = 50 mg/L.' ,
*** The GMCV was set equal to the lower SMCV due to the large range in the
SMCVs for this genus.
At hardness = 50 mg/L:
FCV = 1.4286 ug/L = CCC (calculated using n = 43)
As a function of hardness:
0.7852 (In hardness) -2.715
CCC = e
B-ll
-------
' References ' .'.-'.-./ .
Cusimano, R.F..,- D.F., Brakke, arid G.A. Chapman. 1986. Effects of
pH on the. Toxicitles of. Cadmium, Copper .and Zinc to Steelhead .
Trout (Salmo gairdneri)' . Can. J. Fish. Aquat.. Sci.- 43:1497-1503.
Elnabarawy/ M.R., A.N.. Wetter, and R.R. Robideau. 1986,.
Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic
and Inorganic Chemicals. /Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.
.Hall,. 'W.S., R.L. Paulson, L.W. HallT Jr., and D.T. Burton. 1986.
'Acute Toxicity' of Cadmium and Sodium Pentachlorophenate to
Daphnids and Fish. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 37:308-316. '
Hughes, J.S. , 1973. Acute Toxicity'of Thirty Chemicals to
Striped Bass- (Morone sax-atills1) . Western Assbc. State Game Fish
Cornm.., Salt Lake City, UT.- July. -..''-
Ingersoll, C.G., and R.W.'Winner. 1982. Effect on Daphnia pulex
'(DeGeer) of Daily Pulse Exposures to Copper or Cadmium.' Environ.
Toxicol. Chem. 1:321-327. ' . : "- " '
Martin, T.R./. and D.M. 'Holdich. 1986." ""The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular -./
Reference to Fresh-water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res.
20:1137:-1147.
Mirenda, R.J. 1986. Toxicity and Accumulation of Cadmium in the
.Crayfish,'Orconectes virilis (Hagen). Arch. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol., 15:401-407. ' ' ' .'
Niederlehner, B. 1984. A Comparison of Techniques for " .' '
Estimating the Hazard of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment.
M.S. Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State . "''
University. . . '. ' .
Palawski, D., J.B. Hunn, and F.J. Dwyer.' 1985. Sensitivity of ,
Young, Striped Bass to Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Fresh
and Saline Waters. Trans, Am. Fish. Soc. 114:748-753.
Spehar, R.L., and A.R." Carlson. 1984a. Derivation of Site-,
Specific Water Quality Criteria for Cadmium and the St. Louis- " .
River Basin, Dulutn, Minnesota. PB84-153196. National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA. . - , '
Spehar, R.L., and A.R. Carlson. 1984b,. Derivation of Site-
Specif icปWater Quality Criteria for Cadmium and the St.,Louis
River Basin, Duluth, Minnesota. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 3:651-
665. . . '.'..'." ' ' '."'..'-.
-------
U.S. EPA. V1985. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Cadmium. EPA 440/5-84-032. National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA. .
Van Leeuwen, C.J., P.S. Griffioen, W.H.A. Vergouw, and J.L. Maas-
Diepeveen. 1985. Differences in Susceptibility of Early Life
Stages of Rainbow Trout (Sa'lmo gairdneri)- to Environmental
Pollutants. Aquatic Toxicol. 7:59-78.
B--13
-------
. . . 1995 UPDATE: , - '
Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Chromium(III)
The new acceptable .acute data for chromium(III) are given in
Table CT; .-ho. new acceptable chronic data were found. These data
were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria
document'for chromium "(U.S. EPA 1984) to obtain the values given
in Table C2.- Because the toxicity of chromium(Til) is hardness-
dependent, all acute values'in Table C2 have been adjusted to a
hardness of 50 mg/L. . '
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table,C2, resulting in an FAV of 2044
ug/L'at.a hardness of 50 .mg/L. This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species. The CMC was calculated by dividing .the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 1022 ug/L, as total recoverable
chromium(III)/ at a hardness of 50 ,mg/L. 'The CMC was related to
hardness using the slope of-0.819 that was derived in U.S. EPA .
(1985) : " - , . ' .
0.819-(In hardness)-+-3.7256 .
,< ; ' - CMC = e' ''.' . .
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were-available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final.Acute-Chronic'Ratio (FACR). SMACRs
were available for three species (Table C2) .and the highest SMACR
was obtained with the most resistant of the three. The other two
SMACRs were within a factor of 2.4. The FACR was calculated-as
the geometric mean .of the two ACRs and was 41.84. The FCV =
FAV/FACR = (2044 ug/L)/(41.84} =48.85 ug/L at a hardness of 50;
mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species. Thus the CCC
was 48.85 ug/L, as total recoverable chromium(III), at a hardness
of 50 mg/L. The CCC, was related to hardness using the slope of
0819" ~
. 0.819 (In hardness) + 0.6848
CCC = e - '.-.-
C-l
-------
The Criterion
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day-average concentration of'chromium(III) does not
exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation
0.819(In hardness) +0.6848
CCC = e
more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical
value (in ug/L) given by the equation
0.819 (In hardness) + 3.7256
~ S .
"!
more than once every three years on the average.
C-2
-------
Table Cl. New Acute-Values for Chromium (III)
Species
Hardness-
(mg/L as
Method-* CaCOj)
, Adjusted
Acute Acute
Value Value
(ug/L) (ug/L)**
Reference
Amphipod, .. . ' ."; s,U
Crangonyx pseudpgracilis
50 291,000 . 291,000 Martin and ;
.' ', . - . ...- Holdich 1986,
*.. S = static, U = unmeasured. -
** Adjusted ,to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a- slope of.-Q.819.
C-3
-------
Table C2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Chromium(III)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)**
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
Ratio
19
18
17
.16
15
14
13
12
11
10
g
8
-j
6
291, 000
71060
50000
43100
16010
15630
15370
14770
13230
12860
11000
10320
i 001 r\
9669
ซt
Q^nn
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Caddis fly,
Hydropsyche betteni
Caddis fly,
Unidentified sp.
Dams el fly,
Unidentified sp.
Cladoceran,
Oaphnia magna
Banded killifish,'
Fundulus diaphanus
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
White perch,
Mo rone americana
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
Common carp
Cyprinus carpio
American eel
Anguilla rostrata
Chironomus sp .
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
356.4***
15630
15720
15020 - .
13320 -
16370
13?3Q -
12860
1 1 nnn ^-
10320 27.30
i (191 n
9669 64.11
cnnn _ __'
C-4
-------
Table .C2. (Cont.
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* - (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value ' Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
8684 .. 'Goldfiah,-;
Carassius auratus
7,053 Guppy,
Poecilia reticuiata
3200 Amphipod,
Gammarus sp.
2221. Mayfly,
., Ephemerella subvaria
8684
7053
3200
2221
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value. : ' ..
** At hardness =50 mg/L. , .
*** Not. used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio. '
At hardness = 50 mg/L:
. FAV = 2045 ug/L '
CMC = FAV/2 = 1022 ug/L ' -
As a function of hardness: .
__-_ 0.819 {In.hardness) +3.7256
'CMC S
FACR = '41.84 '-,.-.-'' :'
At hardness = 50 mg/L: .
FCV = FAV/FACR = (2044 mg/L)-/(41.84) =48.85 ug/L
As a function of hardness: .
_ _ 0.819 (In hardness) -"-0.6848
CCC G . ,
ccc
C-5
-------
References '
Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich; 1986. The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular
Reference to Fresh-water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res.
20:1137-1147. , .
U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Aquatic Life Water.Quality Criteria for
Chromium(III) - 1984. EPA 440/5-84-029. National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA.
C-6
-------
. ; ' ' 1995 UPDATE:-
Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Chromium(VI) '
The new acceptable acute data for chromium(VI) are given in Table
Dl; no new acceptable chronic data were used. .These new data
were used with'those given in Tables; 1 and 2 of the criteria. .
document for, chromium (U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given
in Table D2. . "' " .' ' ., . - ' -
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) ' . , ' > '
The Final Acute Value' (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table D2, resulting in,a FAV of
'32.04ug/L. This..value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially .or recreationally important" species. The CMC was
calculated by dividing the,FAV by 2, resulting In a CMC of 16.02
ug/L, as total recoverable chromium(VI).. ' ,
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) ' . .
i \ ' '. " '*
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV)'.using the eight-family procedure. ' -
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate *a FCV by '
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Eight
SMACRs were available (Table D.2), but three were high SMACRs that
were obtained with res.istant species and one was a "greater than"
value. Of the eight, only four were appropriate for use in
calculating the FACR.and the four were within a factor of 6. The
FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of these four and was
2.917. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (32.04 ug/L)/(2.917) = 10.98 ug/L.
This value did not need to be lowered to protect a .commercially
or recreationally important species. The'CCC was 10.98 ug/L, as
total recoverable chromium(VI).
The Criterion '''...;
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a' locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of chromium(VI.) does not
exceed 10.98 ug/L more than once every three years on the .average
and.if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 16.02
ug/L mor^,than once every three years on the average. .
D-l
-------
T=.ble Dl. New Acute Values for Chromium(VI)
Species
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilia
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilia
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Method*
S,U
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,U
S,M
S,M
R,U
R,U
S,M
S,M
. S,M
Chemical
K-dichromate
Na-dichromate
K-dichromate ...
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
Na-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-clichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
Acute Value
(ug/L)
900**
112**
170**
190**
20**
20**
40**
. 40**
122**
180**
180**
420
810
182,000**
154,000**
201,240**
Reference
Berglind and
Dave 1984
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Dorn et al.
1987
Dorn, et al.
1987
Dorn, et al.
1987
Dorn, et al.
1987
Dorn, et al.
1987
Dorn, et al.
1987
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Jop et
al. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Jop et
al.. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
D-2
-------
Table Dl. {Gont.j
Species
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill, -' . .
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
'Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow, ' .
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephaies promelas
Method* ' Chemical .
S,U K-dichromate
S,M K-dichromate
S,U K-dichromate
S,M K-dichromate
S,U K-dichromate
S,M K-dichromate
. . S,M K-dichromate
S,U K-dichro*mate
S,M K-dichromate
Acute Value
-. ,(ug/.L)
. 164,730**
199,200** .
158,360**
' 148>310**
146,530*'*
46,000**
34,000**
26,130**
" . 26,410**-
*
Reference
D'.orn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
alt 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1.987
Jop et
al. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1,987
* S = static, FT "= flow-through,, M = measured, U = unmeasured.
** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
'this species ."from a "FT,M" test. .
D-3 '
-------
Table D2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values .for Chromium(VI)
Rank*
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
1,870,000
176,000
140,000
123,500
119,500
72,600
69,000
67,610
61,000
59,000
57,300
51,250
,49,600
st
Species
Stonefly,
Neophasganophora capitata
Crayfish,
Orconectes rusticus.
Damsel fly,
Enallagma aspersum
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
White crappie,
Pomoxis annulari.s
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Emerald shiner,
Notropis atherinoides
Striped shiner,
Notropis chrysocephalus
Sand shiner,
Notropis' stramineus
Midge,
Chironomus tentans
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Midge,
Tanytarsus dissimilis
Central stoneroller,
Campos toma anomalum
Silver jaw minnow,
Ericymba buccata
Species Mean Species' Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
IQ T n n n n
, o I(J r UUU
176,000
140,000
114,700 '
i -b o Q A n -
. 119,500
72,600
69,000 260.8**
AQ Ann __-.-^
85,600
74,600
2n n n n _
ol, UUU
59,000 223**
e *7 o n 'n -.
0 / , jUU ~
51,250 -
49,600
D-4
-------
T^ble D2. (Cent.1,)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* < (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) , Ratio
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
~ 6
5
&
47, 180
46, 000
36 300
30,450
30, 000
23, 010
1", 560
1, 440
650
630
583
fi7 . 1
Bluntnose minnow,
Pimephales notatus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Johnny darter
Etheostoma nigrum.
Yellow perch
Perca f lavescens ,
Striped bass, '
Morone saxatilis
Gunnv. '
Poecilia reticulata
Snail,
Physa heterostropha ^ ..
Lophopodella carteri
Bryozoan
Pectinatella magnifica
Bryozo'azi,
Plumatella emarginata. . .
Hyalella azteca
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
ZXmrih i ซrtH
54 225 --
41/050 18.55**
&.P. nnn
oc onn -
30 450 -
30 000
23 010
/ JOU ,
1 A & n _ _ v-
S50 --
eo-a ; .
'fi*7 1 . ' _ ' . 1
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
45.1 Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
36.35 Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
' Cladoceran,
Simocephalus vetulus
45.1
40.9
32.3
1.13
2.055
5.267
D-5
-------
Table D2. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic.
Ratio
1
28.94 Cladoceran, 23'. 07 >6.957**
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran, 36.3 5.92
Daphnia piilex .
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio:
FAV ป 32.04 ug/L
CMC - FAV/2 - 16.02 ug/L
FACR * 2.917
FCV = FAV/FACR = (32.04 ug/L)/(2.917)
10..98 ug/L = CCC
D-6
-------
References : '";-'.''- ' : ' i '.-''.'.
~ ""*" v " . ' ; .-'..' .''.
-Be'rglind, R., and G. Dave.- 1984. Acute Toxicity of Chromate,
,DDT,-PCP,- TPBS,i and Zinc to.Daphnia magna Cultured in Hard and'
Soft Water. Bull. .Environ. -Contain. Toxicol. 33:63-68. -..'
Dorn, P.B../.' J.H. Rodgers, Jr., >k.M. Jop, J.C. Raia, -and K.L.
D.ickson. 1987. Hexav'alent Chromium as a Reference "Toxicant in -'
Effluent Toxicity Tests. 'Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 6:435-444.
' ~ ' - ^ ' .
. \' ' .
Elnabarawy, M,. T., A. ST. Welter, , and R.R. Robicieau. 1986. / .
Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic
and'Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.
Jop, K.M., T.F. Parkerton, J.H. Rodgers, and K.L. Dickson. 1987.
Comparative Toxicity and Speci-ation of Two Hexavalent Chrpmium ' .
Salts in AcuteToxicity Tests. Environ. Toxicol.,Chem.
.6:697-703. .. - _ ' . '.. ' . - :' _.' :" :.;"". '' ;-
Martin, J.R./ a^hd D.MJ Holdich. 1986. The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular
Reference to Fresh-water Asellids and Gamm:arids) . Water Res.
20:1137-1147. ' ; '... . ' ' . -
U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Water Qualirty Criteria for, Chromium -.".-
1984. EPA 440/5-84-029. National Technical Information Service^
^Springfield, VA. _' , . .
D-7
-------
1995 UPDATE:
--.Freshwater Aquatic. Life Criterion for Copper
hn K chronic data for copper are given in
Tables El and^E2. These new data were used with those given in
. a? ฐf the criteria document for copper (U.S. EPA
to obtain the values given in Table E3. Because the
K^ ?f cฐPper is hardness-dependent, all acute values in
Table E3 have been adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
Data given in U.S. EPA (1985) for the species Gammarus pulex Were
not used because this species is not resident in North America.
Several SMAVs given in Table E3 were derived from U.S. EPA (1985)
by giving preference to results of "FT,M" tests. -
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table E3, resulting in an FAV of 14.57
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV bv 2
resulting in a CMC of 7.285 ug/L, as '-total recoverable copper, at
Slon^nfn SLoฐ *g/L- The CMC was related to hardness using the
slope of 0.9422 that was derived in U.S. EPA (1985):
CMC = e
0.9422 (In hardness)- - 1.700
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCO
Insufficient chronic toxicity -data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. .
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a 'FCV by^
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). The
new chronic test gave an ACR of 15.48 with the fathead minnow;
the geometric mean of this value-and the four ACRs for this
species in U.S. EPA (1985) was 11.2.0. SMACRs were available for
nine species (Table/E3) and were higher for resistant species.
To make the FACR appropriate for sensitive species, it was
calculated from the two SMACRs that were determined with species
whose SMAVs were close to the FAV. Thus the FACR was calculated
as the geometric mean of 3.297 and 2.418 and was 2.823. The FCV
- FAV/FACฃ = (14.57 ug/L)-/(2.823) =5.161 ug/L at a hardness of
50 mg/L. -This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species. Thus the CCC
E-l
-------
was 5.161 ug/L,, as -total recoverable copper, at a hardness of 50
mg/L.: ;The--GCC was related to hardness using the> slope of. 0.85,45
that was derived in U.S. EPA (1985) :; ,
- ' . ' '0.8545 (In hardness) - 1.702 .
.'-.,- = CCC =..e-- ...-.
The Criterion .. ' ' . ' '.-..' .'-'.-
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species is. very sensitive,
freshwater' aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average.concentration of copper does not exceed
the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation
, 0.8545 (In hardness) -1.702.
CCC = e , i ..'
more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does -not exceed the numerical
value (in ug/L) given by the equation
CMC - ฐ-9422Jln hardness) - 1.700 -' ' . :
more than once every three years on the average.
E-2.
-------
Ta^le El. New Acute Values for Copper
Species Method*
Cladoceran, S,U
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran, ' - S,U
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran, S,U
Daphnia pulex
Amphipod, S,U
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Asiatic clam, FT,M-
Corbicula manilensis
Midge, . S,M
Chironomus decorus
Fathead minnow, FT,M
Pimephales promelas
Bluegill, S,M
Lepomis macrochirus
Blue.gill, FT,M
Lepomis macrochirus
Rainbow trout, - FT,M
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Striped bass, S,U
Morone saxatilis
Adjusted
Hardness Acute Acute
(mg/L as Value ' Value
CaCOj) (ug/L). (ug/L)** Reference
240 23 5.2. Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
240 41 9.4 Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
240 31 7.1 Elnabarawy
. et al. 1986
50 1290 1290 Martin and
Holdich 1986
' \ ' ''.' '
17 >2600 >7184 Harrison
' . et al. 1984 -
44 739 834 Kosalwat and
Knight 1987
43.9 -, 96 109 Spehar and
' , Fiandt 1986
31.2 340 530*** Bailey et
al. 1985
31.2 550 858 Bailey et
at.' 1985
9.2 '2.8 14 Cusimano and
- ' Brakke 1986
285' 270 ' 52 Palawski
et al. 1985
* S s static, FT 3 flow-through, U = unmeasured, M>=. measured.
** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using the slope of 0.9422.
*** Not used in. the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
this species from a "FT,MH test.
E-3
-------
Table E2. New Chronic Values for Copper
Species
Test*
Acute Chronic , Acute- .-
Value Value, Chronic : -
(ug/L) , (ug/L) Ratio ''Reference
Fathead minnow,
Pirtiephal'es promelas "
ELS
96
6.2
1,5 . 48 Spehar and
.. Fiandt'1986
* ELS = .early life stage/
E-4
-------
Table E3. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Copper
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)**
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
Ratio
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31 '
30
29
28
10240
> 7184
6200
4600
4305
1990
1877
1397
1290
1057
900
790.6
684.3
331.8
289
;ป
"242.7
Stonefly,
Acroneuria lycorias
Asiatic clam,
Corbicula raanilensis
Caddis fly,
Unidentified sp.
Damselfly,
Unidentified sp.
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata
Crayfish,
Procambarus clarkii
Snail,
Campeloma decisum
' , ซ
Crayfish,
Orconectes rusticiis
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Snail,
Amnicola sp.
Banded killifish,
Fundulus diaphanus
Mozambique tilapia
Tilapia mossambica.
Striped shiner,
Notropis chrysocephalus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratua
Worm.
10240 '
> 7184 _
6200
4600 - -
4305
1990 -
1877 156.2***
L f
1397 _ _ _
1290 -
640 9 -
- 1742 37.96***
900 -
790 6 - -
S84 3 -
331 o
289 .
74?. 7 _ _
Lumbriculus variegatus
E-5
-------
Table E3. (Cent.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean Species Mean ,
.' Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
27 - .
26
25 '
24
23
22
21
20
19
18' '
17
16
196.1 Mosquitofish,
Gambusia affinis :
170.2- Midge, '
Chironomus tentans .
1 Midge,
Chironomus decorus
Midge,
Chironomus spV '
.166.2 Snail', ' . . '
Goniobasis livescens
156.8 Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio . .
141.2 , Rainbow- darter --
Btheostpma caeruleum
**
Orangethroat darter,
Etheostoma spectabile
% - *
135 Bryozoan,
Pectinatella magnifica
133 . Chiselmouth, '
...'-"-. Acrocheilus alutaceus
110.4 Brook trout, . . '
Salvelinuai fontinalis
109.9 Atlantic salmon, " ' -
Salmo salar
97 . 9 Bluntnose minnow,
Pimephales notatus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas .
9 0 Wo rm,
, Nais sp.
- 86.67 R1 aclfnosfป riar?(ป.
19g j_ ._.
197 - - -
834 " - '
30 ,
Igg 2 -
156 3
86 67
230 2 -
135 - -
T "^^ *
110.4 7.776***
109 9 ' -
72.16 26.36***
132.9 , 11.20***
90 -
' Rfi f.1 _
Rhinichthys atratulus
E-6
-------
Table E3. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value . Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
15
14
13
12
11
10
83.97 Creek chub,
Semotilus atromaculatus
83 Guppy,
.Poecilia reticulata
78.55 Central stoneroller,
Campostoraa anomalum
73.99 Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Sockeye salmon,
Oncorhynchus nerka
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhynchus clarki
Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha.
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
69.81 Brown bullhead,
Ictalurus nebulosiis
56.21 Snail,
Gyraulus circumstriatus-
53.08 Worm,
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
52- White perch,
Morone americanus
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
39.33 Snail,
Physa heterostropha ,
Snail,
Physa integra
37.05 Bryozoan,
- Lophopodella carteri
37.05 Bryozoan,
Plumatella emarginata
83.97
83
78.55
87.1
233.8
66.26
42.26
38.89
69.81
56.21
53.08
586"0
52
35.91
43.07
37.05
37.05
> 4.473***
3.585***
E-7
-------
(Cont.)
Rank*
4
'3
2
i
Genus Mean ' S
Acute Value
,(ug/L)** Species ,
22.09 'Amphipod/
Gamma rus pseudolimnaeus
Ptychocheilus oregonensis .
14.48 Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna '
Daphnia pulex .
Daphnia pulicari.a
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Ipecies Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
22.09 3.297
' f ''' ' N
1 fi *7 4
19,88 2.418
i ฃ .^ - -i '
10.3 % - .
9? fit '
9Q9 ' ____
* Ranked from moat resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value. /
** At hardness = 50 mg/L. ,
*** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
~ This GMAV was not, set equal to the lowest SMAV because the species was
not identified arid so might have been c, tentans or C. decorus.
T~ This GMA.V was set equal to the lower SMAV due to the large range in the
SMAVs in this genus. '. ' . ' . , y
This SMAV was based on the results reported by Palawaki et al. (1985)
because they were considered better data than those given in U.S. EPA
(1985)',, although the data reported by Hughes (1973) supported the newer
data. ' , - ' . , ',.
At hardness = 50 mg/L:
FAV '- 14.57 ug/L
CMC =ป FAV/2 ป 7.285-ug/L
As a function of hardness: .
0.9422(In hardness) -1.700
CMC = e
FACR = 2.823 .
At hardness =50 mg/L:
E-8
-------
FCV = FAV/FACR = (14.57 ug/L)V (2.823) = 5.161 ug/L = CCCV
As a function of hardness: ,
0.8545(In hardness) '- 1.702
CCC = e
E-9
-------
. References . . ' \ ; '' ' ' ' '-' ,---..-.'. .
Bailey, H.C',, D.H.-W. .Liu, and H.A. Javitz. 1985. Time/Toxicity
.'Relationships in Short-Term Static, -Dynamic', ahd^ Plug-Flow '.'.-. '
Bioassays. In: Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: Eighth
Symposium.- Banner, R.C., and D.J. Hansen, -Eds.,', ASTM STP 981.
American Society for Testing arid Materials, Phildelphia, PA. -pp
193-212. - ', * .-..'' . , '" '.."',. , . . .:
Cusimano, R.F., and D.F. Brakke. 1986.";. Effects of pH on the
.Toxicities of .Cadmium/ Copper, and Zinc to Steelhead Trout -(.Salmo
gairdneri). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43:1497-1503.
. Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N.\ Welter, and R
-------
1995 UPDATE: :
"-Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Cyanide '
No new acceptable acute or chronic data were found for cyanide.
Therefore, the data in the existing criteria document"for cyanide
(U.S. EPA 1985) were used as the basis for the derivation of this
criterion. The new taxonomy for salmonids was used (Table Fl),
but this did not cause a change in the criterion for cyanide.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) '
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table Fl, resulting in a FAV'Of
45.77 ug/L. Because the SMAV of the commercially and
recreationally important rainbow trout-was 44.73 ug/L, the FAV
was lowered to 44.73' ug/L. The CMC was calculated by dividing
the FAV by 2, resulting'in a CMC of 22.36 ug free cyanide (as
CN)/L. ' : V " -
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) ,
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic'Ratio (FACR). Five
SMACRs are available (Table Fl), but one was a high SMACR that
was obtained with a resistan-t species; the, other four were' within
a factor of 1.5. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean
of these four and was 8.568. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (44.73
ug/L)/(8-.568) = 5.221- ug/L. This value does not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species. The CCC was 5*221 ug free cyanide, (as CN)/L.
The Criterion .,'.-.
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally importantspecies is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration .Of free cyanide (as CN)
does not exceed 5.221 ug/L more than once every three years on
the average and if the one-hour average concentration do.es not
exceed 22.36 ug/L more than once every three years on the
average..,
F-l
-------
"''-. ' . ". - ' ' . ''.-.'- ; .'' - . ' '*"
>; . -Table Fl. .Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Cyanide'' ' ' -'.'' . '
,.".-, ..-.' ' '
Genus Mean ' ' " '
' Acute Value - ; " ' ' x ' Species Mean Species Mean
Rank* (Ug/L) . Species Acute Value Acute-Chronic
-''. - ' - - - ' - ." ' . .:- (ug/L) Ratio
. 'l6' ' ' ' 2490
!5 ' 2326
. !4 432
13 426
12 318
; : n": 167 '.
10.,. 147
9 125.1
8 123.6
7 ' 102
6 . ' 102
-'"-(. '
5 99.28
. 4 92.64
3 90. 00
2 , 85.80
1 * 44.73
.Midge/ .' .
Tanytarsus dissimilis '
Isopod,
Asellus communis : '
Snail,
Physa heterostropha . '
Stonefly, .
Pteronarcys dorsata
Goldfish,. , ; '
Carassius. auratus
Amphipod, '-'
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
Fathead minnow,
. Pimephales^romelas
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
Black crappie,
Pomoxis nigromaculatus :
, Blijegiil, "
Lepomi.s macroch.irus " '
Yellow perth,
Perca flavescens
Atlantic salmon, ' . .
Salmo-salar
Brook trout>
Salvelinus, fontinalis
Rainbow trout ''
2490 1_ ' ..'
-'.--, . *
2326 . 68.29** ' "
432 ..
'426 ,
318 '___'.'-
167 9.111
. ''147 ''-<..__
125,1 -. 7.633
; 160
95.55 '
102 _
102
.'99.28. . , 7.316
92 . 64 _ _ "
90.00
85.80 :-. -10^59
44.73
"F-2
-------
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
Calculated FAV = 45.77 ug/L
Lowered to protect rainbow trout:
FAV = 44.73 ug/L
CMC ป FAV/2 = 22.36 ug/L
FACR'= 8.568 '
FCV = FAV/FACR = (44.73 ug/L)/(8.568) =5.221 ug/L = CCC
F-3
-------
References
U.S. EPA. " 1985. Ambient. Water Quality Criteria for Cyanide -
19.84. EPA 440/5-84-028. National Technical Information Service
Springfield, VA. , .' .. '.- ' ' :. . .'
F-4
-------
1995 UPDATE:,
Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Dieldrin '
The new acceptable acute data for dieidrin are given in Table Gl;
no new acceptable chronic data were found. These new data were
used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document
for dieidrin (U.S. EPA 1980) to,obtain the values given in Table
G2. Although results from the following publications were used
in U.S. EPA (1980), they were not considered acceptable for use
here: Santharam et al. (1976), Gaufin (1965), and Jensen and
Gaufin (1964).
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean'Acute Values given in Table G2> resulting in a FAV of
0.4749 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species. The CMC was
calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 0.2374
ug/L. .
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate.a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Two
SMACRs were given in Table G2; a third SMACR of 6.2 was given in
U.S. EPA. (1980) for the saltwater mysid. These three were within
a factor of 1.8. The FACR Was calculated'as the geometric mean
of the three SMACRs and was 8.530. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.4749
ug/L) / (8.530.) = 0.0557 ug/L. This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species. The CCC was 0.0557 ug/L.1
The Criterion ...''.-
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of dieidrin does not exceed
0.0557 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and
if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 0.2374 ug/L
more than" once every three years on the average. ,
G-l' . - .
-------
Table Gl. New Acute Values for .Dieldrin
Test . ' Acute " ' :
"''.,-. Duration Value ''.'
Species ' Method* (hrs) . (ug/L) , Reference ; '
Cladoceran, ' . - . .
Daphriia pulex ' S,M
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex S,U ,
Stonefly, < .
Claassenia sabulosa S,U
. Stonefly,
Pteronarcys calif ornica S,U .
Stonefly,
Pteronarcell.a -badia S,U
Damselfly,
Ischnura verticalis 'S,U
Annelid,
Lumbriculus variegatus FT,M
Rainbow trout,
Oncbrhynchus mykiss S,U
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss ; FT,M
Rainbow trout, ' . ' \.
Oncorhynchus mykiss . ,S,U
Goldfish, .
Carassius auratus S,U
Fathead minnow,
Pime'phales promclas S, U
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus ; S,U
.Bluegill, ' . . '
. Lepomis macrochirus ' S,U_
Pumpkinseed, . - .
Lepomis gibbosus S,U
'.-.
Cutthroat 'trout,
Oncorhynchus clarki S,U,
48
48
96
96 '
96ซ
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96 '
96
.Daniels and
251 . Allan 1981
' , , \
. Mayer and
190. . ... Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
. ',0.6; Ellersieck 1986
, Mayer and
0.5 Ellersieck 1986
. . Mayer and
0.5 ' Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
12 ' ' Ellersieck 1986
i if
Brooke 1993
21.8 ,
- Mayer and
1.2** Ellersieck 1986
Shubat and
0.62 Curtis 1986
Van Leeuwen
3** , et al. ,1985
Mayer and
1.8 Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
3.8 Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
3.1 Ellersieck 1986
. Sanders 1972
' ' ..' 7 . - ' :''.' :'
Cairns and
6.7 - Scheier 1964
Mayer and
6 , Ellersieck 1986
G-2
-------
Table Gl. (Cont.)
Species " Method*
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus S,U
Largemouth ba'ss,
Micropterus salmoides S,U
Test
Duration
(hrs)
96
96
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
4.5 ' ,
3.5
Reference
Mayer and
Ellersieck
Mayer and
Ellersieck
1986
1986
* S = static, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured/ M = measured.
** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
this species from a "FT,M" test.
G-3
-------
Table G2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Dieldrin
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
'Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
18 740 . Crayfish,
Orconectes nais
740
17 534 Amphipod,
, Gammarus lacustris
; . Amphipod,
'- Gammarus fasciatus
460
620
16 - 228 . Clad'oceran,
1 ''- , Daphnia pulek
15 214 Cladoceran, .
. Simocephalus serrulatus
14 '21.8 - Annelid, \ '".'.
. . Lumbriculus variegatus
13 20 Glass- shrimp . >
Palaemonetes kadiakensis
228
214
21.8
20
12 17.7 Fathead minnow,
< " , Pimephales promelas
11 12 Damselfly,
Ischnura vertical-is
10
8.6 Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
17.7
12
8.6
8.5 Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
r ' -
5 Isopod,
Asellus brevicaudus
4.5 Channel catfish,, '
Ictalurus punctatus
4.5 Guppy,'
'." Poecilia reticulata
6.7
11-. 5
8.1
4.5
4.5
9.1
G-4
-------
Table G2. (Cont.),
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
* Speci'es Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L). Ratio
3.5 Largemouth-bass,
Micropterus salmoides
0.62** Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhynchus clarki
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss ,
0.6 Stonefly,
Claassenia sabulosa
0.5 Stonefly,
Pteronarcys californica
0.5 Stonefly,
Pteronarcella badia
3.5
6.1
10.8
0.62
0.6
-0.5
0.5
11
* Ranked from most resistant to mpst sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value. ' . .
** The GMAV was set equal to the lowest SMAV due to the large range in the
SMAVs in this genus.
FAV = 0.4749 ug/L
CMC - FAV/2 = 0.2374 ug/L
FACR - 8.530
FCV ซ FAV/FACR = (0.4749 ug/L)/(8.530)
0.0557,ug/L = CCC
G-5
-------
References . - . - . .'.
Brooke/ L!" 1993'.. Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Several' .
Pesticides to Five Species of Aquatic Organisms. Report to R.
Spehar, U.S. EPA, Duluth, MN.1 31 pp. ,
Cairns, J., Jr.,. and A. Scheier. 1964. .The Effect on the . .
Sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus, of Chronic Exposure,, to .Lethal and
Sublethal- Concentrations of. Dieldrin. Notulae Naturae 310:1-10.
Daniels, R.E.,'and J.D. Allan. 1981. Life Table .Evaluation of
Chronic Exposure to a Pesticide.' Can. J. Fish. Aquat.; Sci.
38.:485-494. ' ' .
Mayer, F.L., and M.R. Ellersieck. ,,1986. Manual of Acute .
Toxicity: Interpretation and Data Base for 410 Chemicals .and 6:6.
Species of Fresh-water Animals. USDI Publication 160. Columbia/
'MO, '. ' \ .; . .. ,:."_.'""_ >
. Sanders, H.O. 1972. Toxicity of Some Insecticides to Four
Species of Malacostracan Crustaceans. U.S. Bureau Sports
Fishery .and Wildlife Tech; Paper 66. .
Shubat, P.J., and L.R. Curtis. 1986. Ration and Toxicant
. Preexposure Influence on Dieldrin Acgumulation by Rainbow Trout
(Salmo, gairdneri) . Environ. Tox-icol. Chem. 5:69-77. . - '
U.S. "EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for ,
Aldrin/Diel-drin. EPA-440/5-80-019. National Technical.
Information Service, Springfield, VA. ;.,..' , . ' '
Van Leeuwen, C.J., P.S.: Griffioen, .W.H.A. Vergouw, and J.L. Maas-
Diepeveen., 1985.. Differences in Susceptibility of Early Life
Stages of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) to Environmental
Pollutants. Aquatic Toxicol. 7:59-78. - ..' . ,
G-6
-------
1995 UPDATE:
Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Endrin
The new acceptable acute data for endrin are given in Table-HI;
no new acceptable chronic data were found. These new data were
used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document
for endrin (U.S. EPA 1980) to obtain the values given in Table
H2. Results in the following'publications were used in U.S. EPA
(1980) but were not considered acceptable for use here: Katz and
Chadwick (1961), Naqui and Ferguson (1968), Nebeker and Gaufin
(1964), Gaufin et al. (1965), Jensen and Gaufin (1966),, Post, and
Schroeder (1971), Mount (1962), and Solon (1969)-.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four-lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table H2, resulting in a FAV of
0.1728 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a.
commercially or recreationally important species.. The CMC was
calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of'0.0864
ug/L. .
f
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were, available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute^Chronic Ratio (FACR). Four
ACRs were given in U.S. EPA (1980) but the ACR for the fathead
minnow was considered unacceptable for use here. ACRs of 1.9 and
18 were determined with saltwater species/ whereas an ACR of 3,3
was obtained with a freshwater species (Table H2); the three were
within a factor of 9.5. The FACR was calculated as the geometric
mean of the other three and was 4.833. The FCV = FAV/FACR =
(0.1728 ug/L) / (4.833) =-'0.0'3575 ug/L. This value did not need to
be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species. The CCC was 0.03575 ug/L.
The Criterion ,
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of endrin does not exceed
0.03575 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and
H-l
-------
if the one-hour average concentration does not' exceed 0/0864 ug/L
more than .once - every three years on_the average. ' ' .."
H-2
-------
HI. New Acute Values for Endrin
Species
Method*
Test Acute
Duration Value
(hrs) (ug/L)
Reference
Cladoceran/
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Annelid,
Lumbriculus variegatus
Snipe fly,
Atherix variegatus
Midge,
Tanytarsus dissimilis ,
Stonefly,
Acroneuria pacifica
Crayfish,
Orconectes immunis
Damselfly,
Ischnura verticalis
Damselfly,
Ischnura verticalis
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
ฃ*
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
S,M
s,u
s,u
FT,M
S,U
S',M
S,U
FT,M
S,U
S,U
FT,U
S,U
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
36
96
48
96
96
96
96
96
9'6
^
24
4.2
. 59
41
74
160
20
*
30
42.6
4.6
0.84:
> 0.18**
89
2.4
2.1
0.15
0.31
Elnabarawy et al. 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Elnabarawy et al. 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Thurston et al. 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Elnabarawy et al. 1986
Brooke 1993
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Thurston et al. 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Thurston et al. 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and. Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
H-3
-------
Table HI. (Cont.)
Species
Method*-
Test Acute
Duration .Value
(hrs) (ug/L)
Reference
Black bullhead, /
Ictalurus melas. , S,U "
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus S,U
Channel 'catfish, ,
Ictalurus 'punctatus S,U
Channel catfish, .
Ictalurus punctatus FT,M
Rainbow trout, , .
Oncorhynchus mykiss , S,U
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss FT,M
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus ' FT,U-
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus FT,M
Fathead minnow, . : -. '
Pimephales ' promelas S,U
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas . FT,M
Mosquitofish,
Gambusia af finis ' S,U
Mosquitofish, ,
Gambusia af finis FT, M
Carp, ' . ' '
Cyprinus carpio FT,U.
Blueg'ill,
Lepomis macrbchirus FT,M.
Bullfrog tadpole,
Rana catesbeiana FT,M
'.., 96
-" .96
96
96
96'
96
96
96
96
'. 96
96
96
96
, 96
' 96
V - . .
'1.1 ..Mayer and Ellersieck
0:32**^ Mayer and Ellersieck
1.1*** Mayer and Ellersieck
- *'''' .''-'-'.'
0.42 Thurston et al. 1985
0.75*** Mayer and Ellersieck
-..''.''- : ' ' ' .' ' '
0.3 Thurston et al . 1985
'
0.44*** Mayer and Ellersieck
* ' '
0.95 Thurston et al. 1985
s "
1.8*** Mayer and Ellersieck
- - . ' -
; '0.65 Thurston ' et al. 1985
. 1.1*** Mayer and Ellersieck
0.69 "Thurston et al. .1985
0.32 Mayer and Ellersieck.
0,21 Thurston ,et al. 1985
2.5, Thurston etal. 1985
1986
1986
1986
19'86
1986
1986
1986
1986
,* FT = flow-through, S = static, U = unmeasured; M - measured.
** Not used in the calculation of the FAV because it. is not appropriate to
have ojje of the four lowest GMAVs be a "greater than" value.
*** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
this species from a "FT,M" test. . ' ' - '
-. H-4 ': , . J
-------
Table H2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Endrin
Genus Mean
Acute Value'
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
Ratio
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
64 Mayfly,
Hexagenia bilineata
53 Crayfish,
Orconectes nais
Crayfish,
Orconectes immunis
43 Annelid,
Lumbriculus variegatus
38 Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
34 Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
24 Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
4.6. Snipe fly,
Atherix varieg?fcus
3 . 0 Atnphipod,
Gammarus fasciatus
Ainphipod,
Gapmarus lacustris
2.5 Bullfrog tadpole
Rana catesbeiana
2 . 1 Damsel f ly,
Ischnura verticalis
1 . 6 Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
1.5 Isopod,
Asellus brevicaudus
1 3 Glass shrimp,
Palaemonetes kadiakensis
' "* - .
tS.95 Goldfish.'
64
32
89
43
59-
24
34
24
46 -
X
31 - -
30 -
25
2 1
1 6
15
13 ' - -
0 . OS -
Carassius auratus
H-5
-------
Table H2. (Cont.) '
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/LJ
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
,' (ug/L;) ' Ratio
| 13, , 0.85 ,
12 0.84
11 0.76
10 0.69
9 ' 0.68 .
8 '0.57
7 0.54
6 0.49
5" ' ' 0.32 :
4 0.31
3 0.25
2 0.21
1 -0.15
Fiagfish, -,' .. ' ' 0.85 > 3.3 -
Jordanella floridae -,'.'''' ' '.",'.-
Midge, . . . : ฐ-84
Tanytarsus dis.similis ..'' .
Stonefly, .._., ฐ-76 . . ,
Claassenia sabulosa , ...
Mosquitofish, 0.69
Gambusia af finis . ' ' ' '
Black bullhead, ,1.1 .
Ictalurus melas ... '- ' . .-' , ' .
Channel catfish, - 0.42 ,
Ictalurus punctatus. '
Coho salmon, , U.3J.
oncorhynchus kisutch .-
Chinook salmon, . j..<ฃ
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha*
Rainbow trout, . o.J . ,-.;.
Oncorhynchus mykiss .-
Stonefly, - ' - .0.54
Pteronarcella 'badia
Fathead minnow, . v.iy
Pimephales promeias '
Common carp, u.-s^ ,
Cyprinus carpio
'.-.-".' - ,n TI : ; 'i
Largemouth bass, , u.ji
Mi'cropterus salmoides
Stonefly, . ฐ-25
Pteronarcys ca'liforriica '
Bluegill, . 0.21 ,
Lepomis macrochirus : , '
Yellow perch, , . u.j.o ,
Perca flavescens .'''.-'''
* Ranked ฃ*om most
Value.
H-6
-------
;FAV = 0.1728. ug/L.
CMC = FAV/2 = 0.0864 ug/L -
FACR = 4. 833
FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.1728 ug/L)/(4.833) = 0.03575 ug/L = CCC
H-7
-------
References >-'-... , - . '' ; \ ' . .
Brooke, ,L.~' 1993. Acute and Chronic/Toxicity of Several :
Pesticides to Five Species of Aquatic Organisms, Report to R.
Spehar, U.S. EPA, Duluth, MN. 31 pp. .' . . ,"
Elnabarawy, M.T./ A.N. Welter, and R.R. Robideau. 1986. ' .' '
Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic
and Inorganic-Chemicals. . Environ.-Tox'icoi. Chem. 5:393-398.
"Mayer, F.L.,; and M.R. Ellersieck. -1986. :Manual of Acute
Toxicity: Interpretation and Data- Base-for 410 Chemicals and 66,
Species of Freshwater Animals. USDI Publication 160. Columbia,
MO. .""' . '- -...,..'. . ' . '..
Thurston, -R.V., T.A. Gilfoil, E.L. Meyn, R.k. Zajdel, T.I. Aoki
and G.D.'Veith. 1985. Comparative Toxicity of Ten Organic
Chemicals - to Ten COmmorf Aquatic Species.-, Water Res. :
19:1145-1155. ' '. .'.'-., " ' ' '
U.S. EPA.: 1980. Ambient'Water Quality Criteria for Endrin.
440/5-80-047. National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.;
EPA
H-8
-------
. 1995 UPDATE:
.Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Lindane
The new acceptable acute data for lindane are given in Table II;
no new acceptable chronic data were found. These new data were
used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document
for lindane (U.S. EPA 1980) to obtain the values given in Table
12.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table 12, resulting in a FAV of
1.903 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species. The CMC was
calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 0.9515
ug/L. ' "
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Three ACRs were given in U.S. EPA (1980.) but the ACR for the
fathead minnow was considered unacceptable.for use here. No new
ACRs were availa'ble and so a FCV could not be calculated using
either the eight-family procedure or the FACR procedure.
Therefore, a CCC could not be determined.
The Criterion , ' - ,
The procedures'described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
by acute toxicity if the one-hour average concentration of
lindane does not exceed 0.9515 ug/L more than once every three
years on the average.
r-i
-------
Table^11. New Acute Values for Lindane
Test Acute
. Duration. Value
Species Method* , (hrs) , ,' ..(ug/L)
, Cladoceran, v. "
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Amphipod,
Gammarus lacustris'
Snail, .
Lymnaea staghalis
Stonefly,
Pteronarcys calif ornicus
Stonefly,
Pteronarcys calif ornicus
Damselfly,
Xestes congener
Backswimmer,
Notonecta undulata
Crawling water beetle, .
Peltodytes sp.
Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Lake trout, . -
Salvelinus namaycush .-
Lake trout,
Salvelinus namaycush
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
Brown trout, ' . . ,
Salmo trutta
Brown trout, .
Salmo trutta .
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus my kiss
Rainbow trout,
OncorhynchlTs mykiss .
S.,U ( 48' 516 .
S,M 4,8, 1000
s,U ' ,' 96 8.8'
S,U 96 ' 3.3
S,U 96 4.5
S,U 96 " 1
S,U ., 96 20
S,U . ' 96 ' 3
S,U 96 20
S,U -96 j 23
S,U - 96 ' 32 : .
S,U ' 96 24
S',U . ,96 , 24
S,U . 96 25 .
FT,U . , . '96 . 22
FT,M ' 96' 22
S,U -96 ' 18**
Reference
Randall
et al. 1979-
Hermens'
et 'al.. 1984
Mayer and
Ellersieck' 1986
Bluzat and
Senge 1979 ;
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986 ,
Federle and
'Collins 1976
Federle and
Collins 1976
Federle and
Collins 1976'
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and ;
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Tooby and
Durbin 1975
Mayer and
Ellersieck. 19.86
1-2
-------
Table II. (Cont).
Species '>
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Fowlers toad,
Bufo woodhousei fowleri
Western clmrus frog,
Pseudacris triseriata
Method*
s,u
s,u
s,u
FT',M
S,'U
s,u
s , u
s,u
FT,U
FT,U
S,U
s,u
' S,U
s,u
s,u ,
s,u
s,u
Test
Duration
(hrs)
96
96
96
96
96
96
96\
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
"96
96
. 96
1-3
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
24**
31**
41**
30
57
56
70
83
23
77
67
86
90
105
49
3200
2650
Reference
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Tooby and
Durbin 1975
Randall
et al. 1979
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck, 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
.Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
" Ellersieck 1986
Macek and
McAllister 1970
5
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
-------
I* 5 : Sta5ic' FT = flow-through, u =:-unmeasured,'M = measured
** Not used ln th* calculation of the SMAV because data werefvail^ ,
this species from a "FT,M" test. were available for
1-4
-------
Table 12. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Lindane
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Soecies
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value . Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
23
3200 Fowlers toad,
Bufo woodhousi fowle.ri
3200
22
21
20
19
2650 Western chorus frog,
Pseudacris triseriata
676 Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
538 Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia.pulex ' ,
207 Midge,
Chironomus tentans
2650
676
630
460
207
33
63
'18
138 Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
138
17
117 Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
117
16
15
14
13
12
90 Carp,
Cyprinus carpio
72 Fathead minnpW,
Pimephales promelas
71 Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Redear sunfish,
Lepomis microiophus
Green,sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
55 Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Black bullhead,
Ictalurus melas
40 Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
90
72
56
83
76
46
64
40
1-5
-------
Table 12. ' (Cont.
Rank"
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L-)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) i(. Ratio
11
Brook trout,. .
Salvelinus fontinalis
10'
35
, trout,
' Salvelinus namaycush
33 '. Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisu'tch
'Chinook salmon,. '
Oncorhynchus tsawytscha
32 Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
26.11 Amphipod, l
Gammarus fasciatus-
Amphipod, '*
. Gammarus lacustris
20 Damselfly, . i
Lestes' congener
20 Crawling wa^er beetle,.
Peltodytes sp. . ,'
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
Isopod,
Asellus brevicaudus
3.3 Snail, .-...'
Lymnaea stagnalis
3 Backswimmer,
Noton^cta undulata
2.1 stohefly,
, Pteronarcys califo'rnicus.
44
28. :
'\ .
26
36
40
32 /'
10.49
65
20
20.
13 .
10
3.3
2.1
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
' Value.'' iff '.'. - '..''
1-6.
-------
-JftV = 1.903 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 0.9515 ug/L
1-7
-------
R-cerences . '.;'- '.,-'
Bluzat, .R.v.-:-'and X. Senge. 197.9, Effets de Trois insecticides
(lindane, Fenthion. and ,carbaryl) : Toxicite' aigue s'ur .gnatre :'' "
espece d1 irivertebres-. limneques: Toxicite1 ,chronique chez le
mollusqiie pulmone1 Lyitmea.' Environ. Eollut. 18:51-70"." . '.,, "
Federle, P.T., andW.J. Collins. 19,76. Insecticide To.xicity.to
Three Insects'from-Ohio Ponds. Ohio J. Sci. ''.16:19-24 .
' ' . [
'Hermensy J., H. Canton, M. Stezger, and R. Wagman. 1984. Joint
Effects of a Mixture of'14 Chemicals, on Mortality and inhibition
of Reproduction of Daphnia magna. Aquatic Toxicol.. 5:315-322.
Macek) K.J., and W.A. McAllister. 1970. Insecticide-
Susceptibility-of Some Common Fish.Family Representatives.
Trans.*Am. Fish. Soc. 99:20-27. , . . .
Mayer, F.L., and M.R. Ellersieck; 1986. Manual of Acute
Toxicity: Interpretation and Database for, 410 Chemicals and 66
Species of Freshwater Animals. U.S. Dept. Interior, Fish arid
Wildlife Service. Resource Pub. 160. Columbia, MO.
Randall, W.F., W.H. Dennis, and M.C. Warner. 1979. ' Acute
Toxicity of Dechlorinated DDT, Chlordane and Lindane ,to Bluegill
(Lepomis macrochirus) and'Daphnia magna.. Bull. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. 31:459-466. '
Tooby,^ T.E., and F.J. Durbin/." 1975. - Lindane Residue :..'-.
Accumulation and Elimination in'Rainbow Trout (Salmb gairdneri
Richardson) .and Roach.(Rutilus rutilus Lihneaus). Environ.
Pollut. 8:79-89. _ , .-
U.S. EPA. 1980. .Ambient Water Quality Criteria for
Hexachlorocyclohexane. EPA 440/5-80-054.- ' National Technical
Information Service, Springfield,. .VA.; " ' '
1-8
-------
. 1995 UPDATE:
Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Mercury(II)
The new acceptable acute data for mercury(II) are given in fable
Jl; no new chronic data were used. These new data were used with
those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for
mercury(II) (U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given in Table
J2.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV)'was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table J2, resulting in a FAV of
3.388 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species. The CMC was
calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 1.694
ug/L as total recoverable mercury (II) . . '.
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eighth-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were,available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). ACRs
were given for two freshwater species arid one saltwater species
in U.S. EPA (1985). The ACR obtained with-the more resistant
fathead minnow was much higher than the other two.. The ACR '
obtained with the saltwater mysid was 3.095 and was similar to
the Species Mean Acute-Chronic Ratio of 4.498 for Daphnia magna.
The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of the two SMACRs
and was 3.731. The FCV"= FAV/FACR = (3.388 ug/L)/(3.731) =
0.9081 ug/L. This value did not need to be'lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species. The CCC was
0.9081 ug/L as total recoverable mercury(II).
The SMACR of >649.2 for the fathead minnow (Table J2) was not
used in the calculation of the FACR because this species is
acutely resistant to mercury(II). This SMACR is the geometric
mean of >646.2, which was based on a -life-cycle test, and >652.2,
which was based on an early life-stage test. These two ACRs are
so large that the two chronic values of <0.26 and <0.23 ug/L are
both lower than the CCC of 0.9081 ug/L. Because the high SMACR
was.based on two tests with a fish and the two low SMACRs,were
obtained*with invertebrates, it is quite possible that other
fishes have SMACRs close to 649.2. The following estimated'
J-l
-------
chronic .values'were obtained using Species Mean Acute Values from
Table-'J2 and an estimated .ACR of 649.2: ..-' ' .'' " . .. ' '
.Species - "; Species Mean- . . Estimated :-
. ". ... . ,- Acute- Value ., ' .Chronic 'Value
Rainbow trout ' , . 275 'ug/L ' ' ' 0.42 ug/L
Coho-salmon . . . 240 ug/L' "' 0.37 ug/L .
Bluegill , ' 16.0" ug/L . ',' ' .-.; 0.25' ug/L - , ' ::
All three of these .estimated-chronic-'values'are for important'
species and are more .-than a factor of -two lower than the FCV.of
'0.9081 ug/L. - In addition, the SMACR for the fathead minnow is-.
greater than 649.2. Thus the CCC of 0.9081 ug/L.might not
adequately protect such important fi-shes as the rainbow trout,
cbho salmon, and bluegill;.' : ''. ' ' .
The Criterion ' - ' -: : '..'
.The procedures described In the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species is very "sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not'be"affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of mercury(II)' does not
exceed 0.9081 ug/L'more than once every three years on the ,
average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed
1.694 ug/L more than once every three years on the average. The
concentration of 0.9081 ug/L might .not adequately protect such. .
Important fishes as the rainbow 'trout, coho salmp,n/ and .bluegill.
J-2
-------
Taole Jl. New Acute Values for Mercury(II)
Species Method*
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata S,U
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna, S,U
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex S,U
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis S,U
Midge,
Chironomus riparius s,M
Mosquitofish,
Gambusia af finis S,U
Walking catfish,
Clarias batrachus S,U
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas FT, M
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata - R,U
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
. 2.9
9.6
'3.8
1.0**
750
230 . .
375
172
26
Reference
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Rossaro
et al. 1986
Paulose 1988
Kirubagaran
and Joy 1988
Spehar and
Fiandt 1986
Khangarot
and Ray 1987
* S = static, R = renewal, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured, M = measured.
** Not used in the derivation of the criterion because the corresponding'48-
hr LC50 is 470 ug/L, which is an unusually large decrease in the LC50 from
48 to 96 hours. .
Jr3
-------
Table J2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Mercu'ry'dl).
Genus' Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
.20
19
18
17
15
2000 ' '. Stonef ly, ' '
Acroneuria lycorias
2000. Mayfly?
Ephemerella subvaria
2000 . Caddisfly, "
Hydropsyche betteni >-
1200 ' Caddisfly,
(Unidentified)
1200 Damselfly,
(Unidentified) ,
1000 Worm,
Nais sp.
1000 Mozambique tilapia
Tilapia mossambica
406.2 Tubificid worm,
, Spirosperma ferox"
Tubificid worm,
Spirosperma rikolskyi
375 Walking catfish, ,
,' Clarias batrachus
370 Snail,
Aplexa hypnorum
Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhyhchus mykiss
Tubificid worm,
Quistadrilus multisetosus
240 Tubificid worm,
Rhyacodrilus montana
Mosquitofish,
Gambusia affinis
180 .'. Tubificid worm, . .
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
2000
2000
1200
1200
, "1000
1000
330
500'
375
370
250
"203
180
J-4
-------
Tahve J2. (Cont.)
Rank*
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
163
160
140
140
122***
100
80
80
50
28
20
10
3.3
2.9
Species
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Tubificid worm,
Tubifex 'tubifex
Tubificid worm,
Stylodrilus heringianus -
Midge,
chironomus sp.
Midge,
Chironomus riparius
Tubificid worm,
Varichaeta pacifica
Tubificid worm,
Branchiura sowerbyi
Snail,
Amnicola sp. - .
Crayfish,
Orconectes limosus
Guppy,
. Poecilia reticulata
Crayfish,
Faxonella clypeatus
Amphipod,
Gannnarus sp .
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
163 > 649.2**
160
1 Af\ _
i an _____
9(1 __
TSrt _
1 (\C\ ____
sn _____
sn _____
28
^u
1U
3.7 4.498
. y
2.9 --'-
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
J-5
-------
* ' Value^ frฐm mฐSt resistant'to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
II* -JS* U,ln the calculatiฐn of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio. > '
*** This GMAV was not set equal to the lowest SMAV because' the species was
not identified and so might hav.e been c. riparius. species was
FAV = 3,388 ug/L '
'CMC = FAV/2' = 1.69.4 ug/L .' ' '.
. FACR = 3.731 , ,
FCV =FAV/FACR =.(3.388, ug/L)/(3.731) =0.9081 ug/L = CCC
' "'
tnl rainbowฐ;rout ^h ^ M ^^^ Pปtซct such important fishes -as
cne rainbow trout, coho salmon, and bluegill (see above).
J-6
-------
References^ .
*ป
Elnabarawy, M.T., A.M.- Welter, and R.-R. Robideau. 1986.
Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic
and Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-3"98.
Khangarot, B.'S., and P.K. Ray. 1987. Studies on the Acute
Toxicity of Copper and Mercury Alone and in Combination to the
Common Guppy/ Poecilia reticulata (Peters). Arch. Hydrobiol.
110:303-314.
Kirubagaran, R., and K.P. Joy. 1988. Toxic Effects of Three
Mercurial Compounds on Survival and Histology of- the Kidney of
the Catfish Clarias batrachus (L.). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety
15:171-179. ' --, . .
Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich.' 1986. The'Acute Lethality of
Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular Reference
to Fresh-Water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res. 20:1137-1147.
Paulose, P.V. 1988. Comparative Study of Inorganic and Organic"
Mercury P6isoning on Selected Freshwater Organisms. J. Environ.
Biol. 9:203-206.
Rossaro, B., G.F. Gaggino, and R. Matfchetti. 1986. Accumulation
of Mercury in Larvae and Adults, Chironomus riparius (Meigen).
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 37:402-406.
Spehar, R.L., and J.T. Fiandt. 1986. Acute and Chronic Effects
of Water Quality Criteria-Based Metal Mixtures on Three Aquatic
Species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:917-931.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Water-Quality Criteria for Mercury -
1984. EPA 440/5-84-026. National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA. . .
J-7
-------
1995,UPDATE: / -'. ''",''..
, . -'--Freshwater Aquatic .Life Criterion for Nickel
-The new acceptable acute data: for nickel are-given, in Table Kl;
no new acceptable chronic/data were found. These data.were used
with-those: given in Tables 1 and 2 of'.the' criteria document for
.nickel (U.S. EPA 1986) to 'obtain the value's; given in Table K2.
'Some of the SMAVs in Table K2 differ, from those given in-Table 3
'in U.S. EPA .(1986) because preference was given to '"FT,M" tests
.in Table K2. Because the toxicity of nickel is-hardness- \ ' "'
dependent, all acute, values in Table K2 have been adjusted to a
hardness of 50. mg/L. , ; ' ''-'-.'
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table K2, resulting in an FAV of 522
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did. not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important .
species. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of -261 -ug/L, as total recoverable nickel, at a
hardness of 50 mg/L. The CMC was related to hardness using the
'slope-of .0.846 that was derived in UrS. EPA (1.986):'
CMC = ฐ-.846 (In hardness) +2.2-55 -.' ' . .
Criterion Continuous, Concentration (CCC)'
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were.- available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure..
Sufficient chronic data were available to-calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). SMACRs
were available for two freshwater species and .one saltwater
species (U.S. EPA 1986). The saltwater ACR was 5.478 and the ;
three are within a factor of 6.5. The FACR was calculated as the
geometric mean of the three ACRs'and'was 17.99. The FCV =
FAV/FACR - (522 ug/L)/(17.99) - 29.02 ug/L at a hardness of 50
mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect' a '
commercially or recreationally important species. Thus the CCC
was 29,02 ug/L, as total recoverable nickel, at a hardness -of 5.0
mg/L. The CCC was related to hardness using the slope of 0.846:
*' 0:846 (In hardness) + 0.0584
. , . ccc = e . ':'''
. ".'''.- : : .- K-l '".. " ' .-.':
-------
The Criterion
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that/ except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of nickel does not exceed
the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation
0.846(In hardness) +0.0584
CCC = e .,
/-
more than once- every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical
value (in ug/L) given by the equation
0.846 ( In hardness) +2.255
CMC = e
more, than once every three years on the average.
K-2
-------
Tahle Kit- New Acute Values' for Nickel
Adjusted
.- - , ,."'
Species ' , Method*
Snail, , . , ' ; FT,U ' .
Physa gyrina
Amphipod, S,U
Crahgonyx pseu'dogracilis
Midge, (1st instar) , S,U
Chironomus riparis -
'Midge, (1st instar } S,U
Chironomus riparis '
Midge, (1st instar) '. S,U
. Chironomus riparis
-Midge, (2nd instar) ซ S,U
Chironomus riparis*** ,
Midge, (2nd instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis***
Midge, (2nd instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis***
. Hardness
(mg/L as
CaC03)
'. 26
, 50
'" 55 - - . .
55
55- -
55
55
55
_ Acute
Value '
(ug/L)
239
66,100
72,400
81,300
84,900
184, 000
150,000
*
174, 000
Acute
Value
(ug/L) **
416
66, 100 ,
66,791
75,002 '
78,323
169,746
138,380
160,521
\
Reference
Nebeker
. et al.' 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
. Powlesland and
George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986,
Powlesland and
George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986
Powlesland and
.George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986
* S ='static, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured.
** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a slope of 0.846.
*** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for a
more sensitive life stage. . .
K-3
-------
Table K2. Ranked Genus"Mean Acute Values for Nickel
Rank*
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)**
73208
66100
43250
40460
30200
21320
21200
14100
13380
13000
12770
12756
12180
9839
9661
Species
Midge,
Chironomus riparis
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Banded killifish,
Fundulus diaphanus
Stonefly,
Acroneuria lycorias -
Caddis fly
Unidentified sp.
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Dams el fly,
Unidentified sp.
Worm,
Nais sp.
Rainbow trout,
ohcorhynchus -nykiss
Amphipod,
Gammarus sp.
Snail,
Amnicola sp.
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata
Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Guppy,
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)**
7 -5 o n a
/ JZUo
CCT n f\ -
bb 1U u
43250
4
40460
T no r\n
o U4 vU
21320
21200
14100
13380
13000
1 O *7 *7 f\
Lฃ. I f U
" T C A A
7544
21570
12180
9839
9661
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
Ratio
_ _
;
.
___
ซ~ <^ ^^~ "
_^ซ_^ ,
Poecilia reticulata
K-4
-------
'Table K2. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* ' . (ug/L)>*
'Species
Species Mean Species 'Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
, (ug/L)** Ratio
6 . 8697 White perch, '
. . ' , Morone americana ' '
Striped bass,
' ' Morone saxatilis
5 6707 Fathead minnow,
iPimephales promelas
4 4636 ' Mayfly,
Ephemerella subvaria
3 4312 Rock bass,
' " Ambloplites .rupestris
2 1500 Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulicaria
Cladoceran,
. Daphnia magna
1 416 ' Snail, *'
Physa gyrina '
12790 - '
5914
6707 35.58
4335 ,
4312 ;
2042
1102. , 29.86
41S' " :
* Ranked from most resistant to roost sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
'Value. , . . - ; '-.. .;'' ..'-':-.'-'
** At hardness = 50 mg/L. " ' - . '
At hardness = 50.mg/L: . <
FAV = 522 ug/L . ' . . ,
CMC * FAV/2 = 261 ug/L ' ' ;
As a function of hardness: - ,.,'' : '.''.
, ~ ' 0.846 (In hardness) -t-2.255 ;
, ' . " CMC =. e ' ' i . (. .
FACR =17.99 - . . '-''." ; ;
At hardness =ป 50 mg/L:. , .
, FCV = FAV/?ACR = (522 ug/L)/(17.99) = 29.02 ug/L"= CCC
As a function of hardness:
CCC = e
.0.846 (In hardness) +-0.0584
K-5
-------
References
Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular
Reference to Fresh-water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res.
20:1137-1147.
Nebeker, A.V., A. Stinchfield, C. Savonen, and G.A. Chapman.
1986. Effects of Copper, Nickel, and Zinc on Three Species of
Oregon Freshwater Snails. Environ, toxicbl. Chem. 5:807-811
Powlesland, C., and J. George. 1986. Acute and Chronic Toxicity
of Nickel to Larvae of Chironomus riparis (Meigan).' Environ.
Poll., (Series A) . 42:47-64. .
U.S. EPA. 1987. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Nickel. EPA 440/5-86-004.' National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA.
K-6
-------
. " '. 1995 UPDATE: . .-".''.
F.re,shwater Aquatic Life Criterion for' Parathion,
No new acceptable .acute or chronic data for para thion were found
Therefore, the data given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria
S EPA 1985^ ^ -ed to obtain the
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) >
',Sฐ** ฐf the Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table 3 oVu.S. EPA''
(1985) were changed because of the new. taxonomy for salmonids and
because only one value was' calculated for the genus Chironomus;
"ฃ?.? Chan9es did not affect the FAV. The Final Acute Value
(FAV) was. calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean- Acute '
Values given in Table LI, resulting in a FAV of 0.1299 ug/L
This -value. did not need to be-. lowered to protect a commercially
or recreational! y important species. The CMC was calculated bv
dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 0.06495 ug/L '-
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) ,
Fnrhnn/n data wฎ" ^^ilable to, calculate a"
Final Chronic Value (FCV) .using, the .eight- family procedure.
Sufficient .chronic data were available to calculate a FCV. by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR) . Three
Species Mean. ACRs were available {table ' LI)'. The. ACRs obtained.
H? 5? resistant fishes were much, higher than that obtained
with the sensitive cladoceran, - To make the FACR .appropriate for
sensitive. species, it was set equal to the ACR of 10.10 obtained
- n m?L ?ฐCeran- ' ThS FCV = FAV/ FACR = (0.1299 Ug/L) / (10 .10)
- 0.01286_ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect
rฐla y ฐr recceationally important species. The CCC was
ug/L. ."...,'. .''.'-
The Criterion
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive*,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptable
if the four-day average concentration of para thipn .does not
exceed 0;. 01286 ug/L more than once every three years on the
an
-------
Table LI. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Parathion
Genus Mean
'Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)'
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
Ratio
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
5,230
5,230
2,650
2,223
1,838
1,510
1,486
1,130
' 1,000
839.6
688.7
620
i?n
* <-?ซin
Tubificid worm,.
. Tubifex sp.
Tubificid worm,
Limnodrilus sp ,
Channel catfish,
' Ictalurua punctatus
Goldfish,
Car'assius auratus
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Lake trout
Salvelinus namaycush
Brown trout,
. Salmo trutta
' ซ
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhynchus clarki
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus gairdneri
Isopod,
Asellus brevicaudua
Western chorus frog,
Pseudacris triseriata
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Greftn stin^l^h
Lepomis cyanellus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
T.a fa AmrMifh Ha^<3 '
Micropterus salmoides
Gambusia af finis
("*ป-at/-Fi aVi
5,230
5 230 -
2 650 - -
2 223 '*
1 760
1 920'
1 sin
1 560 - -
1 41 ** _
1 13Q _
1 000
839.6 79.45**
Q^n _ _
510 2121**
ฃon
OO rt. _
s?*n _
Procambarus sp.
L-2
-------
,Table LI. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L).
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
17
16
15
14 '
13 '
12
11
10
9
8
7
g
?,
. . -_ , .
56 GUDDV.
". : . Poecilia reticulata
15 Mayfly,
. Hexagenia bilineata
7.0 Beetle,
, ; Peltodytes spp.
\ >
5. '4 Stohefly,
Pteronarcys calif ornica/
4.2 Stohefly,
Pteronarcella 'badia
3.0 Damselfly, -
Lestes congener,
' 2.9 ' Stonef ly,
, Acroneuria paciflca
' 2.739 Prawn,
Palaembnetes kadiakensis
2.227 Mayfly,
, Cloeon "dipterum
1.697*** Midge, '
Chironomus tentans
Midge
Chironomus riparius
Claassenia sabulosa
Gammafus fasciatus
, Gammarus lacustris
D SQdd , Phan*-nm m-i Ana'
5S
15
7 0 , .
54
4-2 -
30
29 -
2 73Q
2 227 -
31 '
15
07K7H
3^ ' _ _
rป sQdd _:
Chaoborua sp.
L-3
-------
Table LI. (Cont.)
Rank*
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
,(ug/L) Ratio
0.7746
0.64
0.47
0.04
Cladoceran, i.o
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran, .0.60
Daphnia pulex
Damself ly,. o . 64
Ischnura verticalis.
Cladoceran, 0.47
Simocephalus serrulatus.
Crayfish, . 0.04
Orconectes nais .
10.10
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive'based on- Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
*** This GMAV was set equal to the lower SMAV due to the large range in the
SMAVs in this genus.
FAV = 0.1299 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 0.06495 ugVL ,
FACR =10.10
FCV ป FAV/FACR = (0.1299 ug/L)/(10.10) = 0.01286 ug/L = CCC
L-4
-------
References
Information Service,
, VA.
Technical
for
L-5
-------
1995 UPDATE:.
Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Pentachlorophenol
No new acceptable acute or chronic data for pentachlorophenol
were found. Therefore, the data given in Tables'1 and 2 of the
criteria document for pentachlorophenol (U.S. EPA 1986) were used
to obtain the values given in Table Ml. Because the toxicity of
pentachlorophenol is pH-dependent, all acute values in Table Ml
have been'adjusted to a pH of 6.5.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
Some of the Genus Mean Acute. Values given in Table 3 of U.S. EPA
(1985) were changed because of the new taxonomy for salmonids and
because the values for Jordanella floridae and Rana catesbeiana
had been incorrectly adjusted to a pH of 6.5 and because the SMAV
for Ganmarus. pseudolimnaeus had been calculated incorrectly. The
Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table Ml, resulting in'a FAV of -
10.56 ug/L at a pH of 6.5. This value did not need to be lowered
to protect a commercially or recreationally important species.
The CMC was calculated, by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a
CMC of 5.28 ug/L at a pH of 6.5. The CMC was related to pH using
the slope of 1.005 that was derived in U.S. EPA (1986):
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Six
Species Mean ACRs were available (Table Ml), but two of them were
"greater than" values. The range of the other four was less than
a factor of 6. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of
the four similar SMACRs and was 2.608. The FCV = FAV/FACR =
(10.56 ug/L)/(2.608) = 4.049 ug/L at a pH of 6.5. This value did
not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or
recreationally important species. The CCC was 4.049 ug/L at a pH
of 6.5. The CCC was related to pH using the slope of 1.005:
'_ 1.005(pH) - 5.134
ป ccc = e
M-l
-------
The Criterion, ' , . . ' " ; . ' .
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except --
pdssibly where a locally important-: species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic-organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of pentachlorophenol does
not exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation
-.. . . 1..005 (pH) - 5.134
-_.-.:.. ccc = e -
more than,,once every three years on the average and If the .'
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical .'
value,(in ug/L) given by the equation / '
' -'",'' ' 1.005 (pH) - 4.869 ,'
CMC = e-- - . .-'-
more than once every three years on'the average.
M-2
-------
Table Ml. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Pentachlorophenol
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
32
31
28
26
25
23
22
21
20
19
18
11260
10610
417.7
408.1
403.;
361.i
317.5
224.2
195.4
182.5
172.1
155.9
132.1
Crayfish,
Orconectes immunis
Midge,
Tanytarsus dissimilis
Sciomyzid,
Sepedon fuscipennis
Tubificid worm,
Rhyacodrilus montana
Tubificid worm,
Stylodrilus heringianus
Gilila altilis
Tubificid worm,
Spirosperma ferox
'.
Tubificid worm,
Spirosperma nikoiskyl
Tubificid worm,
Quistadrilus multisetosus
'Flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
Tubificid worm,
Tubifex tubifex
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
Tubificid worm,
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Tubificid worm,
Branchiura sowerbyi
Snail,
Physa gyrina
11260
10610
417.'
.8
317.;
.7
224.2
195.4
172.1
155.9
132.1
>10.27***
M-3
-------
Table Ml. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
' . Acute Value
Rank*. ' (ug/L)**
Species.
Species Mean Species.Mean*
Acute Value Acute-Chronic'
(ug/L) *.* Ratio
17
16
'15
14
13
12
11
10
9
v'
8
7
g
5
A
105. 0-
91. 48
87 48
78 . 10
67.13
65.53
63.11
60.50
60 . 43
58.47
57.72
, 56 41
, , 34 13'
33. "51
. . . . i >
Largemouth bass, 105 0 -
Micropte.rus salmoides ,
AimDhiDOd, - QT 4ft ' ' _ _
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus '
Ainphipod, - 87 48
Hyalella azteca . - '
Cladoceran, ' 90 83 ฐ
, Daphnia pulex . ,
Cladpceran, 67.15 ' ' 2.5 '
' Daphnia magna ' . ' . ;
Cladpceran, . 67.13 >15.79***
Ceripdaphnia reticu'lata ;
Goldfish, '" 65 53 ' ~
Carassiua auratiis , . r
Fathead minhow, - 63.11 ^ 4. '535
.Pimephales promelas ''',"
Mosquitof ish, 60 50 ~
Gambusia af finis . :
Snail, 60 43
Aplexa hyphorum
Tubificid worn,' 58 47 -*
.Varichaeta pacifica . "
Cladoceran, , 57.72 0.8945 ,
Simocephalus vetulus , ,
Lepomis macrochirus
Rj-ortV tfQllt ' ' "^4 1 ^ * " '
, Salvelinus fontinalis
/ , - . '. ~ . '- ' .
Hull -f rorr. '. ' . "33
-------
Ml. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean 4 Species.Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
31.26 Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Sockeye salmon,
Oncorhynchus nerka
Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha.
26.54 Channel catfish, ,
_ Ictalurus punctatus
4.355 Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
35.34
31.82
32.85
25.85
26.54
4.355
4.564
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value. ' .
** At pH ป 6.5.
*** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
1.005(pH) - 4.869
At pH = 6.5:
FAV = 10.56 -ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 5.28 ug/L
As a function of pH:
CMC = e
FACR =* 2.608
At pH ป 6.5:
FCV - FAV/FACR =- (10.56 ug/L) / (2.608) ' - 4.049 ug/L
As a function of pH:
1.005(pH) - 5.134
CCC = e
CCC
M-5
-------
References ' : . / .''" ' ,
;U.Sป EPA.-:- 1986. Ambient Aquatic^Li-fe. Water 'Quality, Criteria for
Pentachlorophenol. EPA 440/5-88-009'., National Technical '. '
Information Service, Springfield, VA. ' :
M-6
-------
1995 UPDATE:
Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Selenium '
The new acceptable acute data for selenium are given in Table Nl;
no new acceptable chronic data were found. These new data were
used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document
for selenium (U.S. EPA 1987) to obtain the values given in Tables
N2 and N3.
Selenium(IV) :
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) .
The Final Acute-Value (FAV) was calculated using the 'four lowest .
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table N2, resulting in a FAV of
371.8 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species. The CMC was
calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 185.9
ug/L. . .
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data wฃre available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Four
Species Mean'ACRs were available (Table N2) , but the one
determined with the acutely resistant species was higher than the
other three; the three were within a factor of 2.4. The FACR was
calculated as the geometric mean of the three and was 7.998. The
FCV = FAV/FACR = (371.8 ug/L) 7(7.998) = 46.49 ug/L. As in U.S.
EPA (1987), this value was lowered to 27.6 ug/L to protect the
commercially and recreationally important rainbow trout.. The CCC
was 27.6 ug/L.
Selenium(VI):
Criterion Maximum Concentration, (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table N3, resulting in a FAV of,
25.066 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species. The CMC was
calculat^ by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 12.533
ug/L.
N-l ' '
-------
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available ;to. calculate a :
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using.'the eight-family procedure. .
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV 'by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.' (FACR). Three
Species Mean ACRs were available (Table N3)', and they increased
as -the acute sensitivities of the species increased. .To make the
FACR appropriate for sensitive species, it was set equal to the
SMACR of 2.651 for the sensitive Daphnia magna.: The FCV =
FAV/FACR = (25.066 ug/L)/(2.651) = 9.455 ug/L. This'value did,
not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or .
recreationally important species. The CCC was 9.455 ug/L. ,
Total selenium:
As discussed in U.S.. EPA, (1987), field studies conducted on>
Belews Lake .in North Carolina suggested that selenium might be
more toxic to certain species of freshwater fish than had been
observed in laboratory chronic toxicity tests. Based upon these
field studies and some laboratory studies, the CCC for total
selenium was set at 5 ug/L., The Final'Acute-Chronic Ratio for
total selenium was calculated as the geometric mean of the six
ACRs .in Tables N2 and N3 that are between 2.5 and 16.5 and was
7.737. The FAV was calculated by multiplying the CCC by the FACR
and was 38.68 ug/L. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV
by 2, resulting in a CMC of 19.34 ug/L as total recoverable
selenium. , -.,.
The Criterion ', .
'The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species.is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of selenium does not exceed
5 ug/L more, than.once every three years on the average and if the
.one-hour average concentration dpes not exceed 19.34 ug/L more
than once every three years'on the average., - ' ..
N-2
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Table Ml. New Acute Values for Selenium
Species
Method"
Chemical
Acute Value
(ug/L)
Reference
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
S,U Na-selen.ite
[Selenium(IV)]
S/U Na-selenate
[Selenium(VI)]
680
750
Johnston 1987
Johnston 1987
* S - static, U = unmeasured.
N-3
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Table N2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute.Values for Seienium(IV)
Genus Mean
-.; Acute Value
Rank* .(ug/LJ
Species
.Species Mean
.Acute Value
(ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
Ratio
22
21 -
"20
19
18
17
16 .
15
14
13
12
11 '
10
9 :
8
7
203000
42500
35000 .
. 34910
30176
28500
26100
.25934
24100
'13600
12600
11700
10490
10200
6500
2704
Leech, . '', '
Nephelopsis obscure
Midge,
Tanytarsus .dissimilis
Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Snail, /
Aplexa hypnorum
' White sucker,
Catostomus commersoni
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Midge. '
Chironomus plumosus .
Snail,
Physa sp .
channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatua
Mosquito fish
Gaznbusia af finis
Yellow Perch,
Perca flavescens
Rainbow Trput,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
3rook trout '
Salvelirius f ontinalis
FlaafM ซ!h
Jordanella f loridae
AnrnhirirtH.
203000 -
42500 - -
35000 - -
34910 . ;
30176 '
29500 ' . '
26100 :
25934 -
24100
13600 ' -
i ?finn -.
" -s '
11700
1.0490 141.5**
10200 -
CCAA _
9*7nd :
Gammarus pseudoliranaeus
N-4
-------
Table N2. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
Ratio
6
5
4
3
2
1
1796 Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
1783 Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
1700 Hydra,
Hydra sp.
1601 Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
<603.6 Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia affinis
340 Amphip.od,
Hyalella azteca
834
3870
1783
1700
1601
<603 6
340
13.31
5.586
6.881
* Ranked from most.resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
FAV = 371-.8 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 - 185.9 ug/L
FACR - 7.998
FCV * FAV/FACR ป (371.8 ug/L)/(7.998)
Lowered to protect rainbow trout:
FCV - 27.6 ug/L = CCC
46.49 ug/L
N~5
-------
Table N3, Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Selenium(VI)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
Ratio
11
10
2
442000
193000
66000
63000
47000
20000
7300
5500
760
550.1
Leech,
Hephelopsis obscura
Snail, - '
Aplexa hypnorum
Channel catfish,
Ictaiurus punctatus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Midge, \
442000
193000
66000
63000
47000"
20000
Paratanytarsus parthenogeneticus
'_. ' 7300
65.38
Hydra,
Hydra sp.
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Amphipod,
' Hyalella azteca
Cladocerah,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulicaria
Amphipod,
Ganmarus pseudolimnaeus
5500
760
1230
246
16.26
9.726
2;651
65.38
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus5 Mean Acute
Value." ' ' ".- . ' x' ' ' . ' . ' ' ' ' ' . ' ' ..'.'
FAV = 25.066 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 ป 12.533 ug/L
FACR = 2.651
FCV = FAV/FACR = (25.066 ug/L)/(2.651) =9.455 ug/L = CCC
'' . ' N-6 '" -
-------
References
Johnston, P.A,. 1987. Acute toxicity of Inorganic Selenium to
Daphnia magna (Straus) and the Effect of Sub-acute Exposure upon
Growth and Reproduction. Aquatic Toxicol. 10:335-3.52.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Selenium. EPA 440/5-87-006. National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA.
N-7
-------
. ' - "1995 UPDATE:. . .. '
Freshwater Aquatic- Life -Criterion- for Zinc
The new acceptable acute data for zinc are given in Table 01; no
new acceptable chronic data were found. These data were used'
with those given", .in Tables : 1 and 2 of the criteria, document .for
zinc (U.S. EPA 1987) to obtain the values given in' Table 02. . ',
Because'the' toxicity of zinc is hardness-dependent/ all acute
values in Table 02 have been adjusted to a hardness Of 50 mg/L.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) . "'-..
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the ,fou-r lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table 02, resulting in an FAV'o^f 133.2
ug/L;at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value 'did not need to- be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species. .The CMC was' calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 66.6 ug/L, as total recoverable zinc/ at a,
hardness of 50 mg/L. The CMC wa's related to" hardness using the '
"slope'of 0.8473 that was' derived in U.S-. EPA (1987): ;
- -'''.' 0:8473'(In hardness) +0.884
, . . , . CMC = e . ' . ;. .. .-.
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) , , . '
Insufficient chronic toxicity data werei available to. calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) .using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final,Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). SMACRs'
were available for seven species (Table 02)/ but three were for .
resistant species and one was a "less than" value. The other
three were Within ,a factor of 10.4. The FACR was calculated as
the geometric mean of the three SMACRs and was 1.994. According
to the methodology, the FACR cannot be less' than 2. The FCV =
FAV/FACR = (13.3.2 ug/L)/(2) =66.6 ug/L at a hardness1 of 50 mg/L.
This value did not need to' be lowered to protect a commercially
or recreationally important species. Thus the CCC was 66.6 ug/L,
as total recoverable .zinc, at a ,hardness of 50 mg/L,and1 equals
the CMC. The CCC was related'to hardness using the slope of ,
0.8473: . '_ ' " ,.:.". '. . :.''. ' - .", ,''_, , :' ' . .
. ' .*'"-" --.'."
. . , .- 0.8473 (In hardness)- + 0.884 -. '
CCC = e- , ' ;' ..-."-..-..
.0-1
-------
Wr.-sn it equals the CMC, the CCC is irrelevant because the CMC has '
a shorter -averaging period.
The Criterion
The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the one-hour average concentration of zinc does not exceed the
numerical value (in ug/L) given by'the equation
. 0.8473 (In hardness) +0.884
CMC = e
more than once'every three years on the average. . ; .
0-2
-------
Table Ol. New Acute Values for Zinc
Species
Frog,- .
Xenopus laevis
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
" ' Hardness
' . . , (mg/L as
Method* CaCOj)
S,M 100
S,U 300
'. Acute
Value
(ug/L) '.
34500
1100 '
Adjusted
Acute
Value
(ug/L).**
' 19176
241;
Reference
Dawson
,et al. 1988
. Berglind and
Dave 1984
* S = Static, M = measured, U = unmeasured.
** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using slope = 0.8473.
0-3
-------
Table 02. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Zinc.
Rank*
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)** Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** . Ratio
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
88960
19800
19176
18400
17940
16820'
13630
10560
10250
9712
8157
8100
7233
6580
*5053
Damsel fly,
Argia sp.
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Frog,
Xenopus laevis
Worm,
Nais sp.
Banded killifish,
Fundulus diaphanus
Snail,
Amnicola sp.
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Worm,
Lumbriculus variegatus
Isopod,
Asellus bicrenata
Isopod,
Asellus communis
Amphipod,
Gamma r us sp.
Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Northern squawfish,
Ptychocheilus oregonensis
Guppy,
88960
19800
19176 "
18400 _ _
17940
16820
13630 -
18790
5937 _
10250
9712 _ _
5731
11610 -
8100 - _
7233 .
6580 -
6053 __
0-4
-------
Table O2. (Cont. )
' . Genus Mean
" ' : Acute Value'
Rank*'.' (ug/L)** 'species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-rChronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14 '
13
12
11 ,
10
'.
8
7
6000
5228
' 4900
4341
3830
3265
2176
2100
1707
1672
1607
1578
1353
1307
>1264
Golden shiner,
Notemigonus crysoleucas
White sucker.
Catostomus commersoni
Asiatic clam,.
Corbicula f luminea .
Southern 'platyfish,
Xiphophorus maculatus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelaa
Isopod,
Lirceus alabamae '
Atlantic salmon.
Salmo salar
Brook trout,
Salyelinua fontinalia
Bryozoan,
Lophopodella carteri
Flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
. Bryozoan, '.
Plumatella emarginata
Snail,
Heliaoma campanulatura
Snail,
Phyaa gyrina
snail,
Phyaa heterostropha
Bryozoan,
Pectinatella magnifica
Tubificid-worm,
6000 ' --
5228
4900
4341 _ ;
3830 5. 644***
3265 -
2176 '
2100 2.335***
1707 ' -
1672 41.2***
1607 -
1578 -
., . . 1683' '.. ' ' ,.--, :
inao
13O7
Limnodrilua hoffmeiateri
-0-5
-------
Table O2. (Cont.)
Rank*
Genus Mean , '
Acute Value
(ug/L)** Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
* Ratio
6
5
4
3
2
1
931.3 Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus klsutch
.Sockeye salmon,
Oncorhynchus nerka
Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
790 Mozambique tilapia,
Tilapia mossambica
299.8 Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
227.8 Longfin dace,
Agosia chrysogaster,
119.4 Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
93 . 95 Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia dubia
Cladoceran, .
Ceriodaphnia ret'iculata
689.3 - 1.554
1628
1502 <6.074***
446.4 0.7027
790
355.5 7.26
252.9
227.8
119:4
174.1 - -
50.70 - -
reaistant ** most sensitive based
on Genus Mean Acute
** At hardness = 50 mg/L.
*** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
At hardness =50 mg/L:
FAV - 133.2 ug/L'
CMC = FAV/2 =66.6 ug/L
As a function of hardness:
0-6
-------
0.8473 (In hardness) + 0.884
CMC = e
FACR = 1.994 but -was raised to 2 '
At hardness =50 mg/L: - .
FCV = FAV/FACR = (133.2 ug/L)/(2) = 66.6 ug/L = CCC
As a function of hardness:
, 0.8473 (In hardness) + 0.884
' CCC = e ' '. - -
0-7
-------
References
*V
Berglind, R., and G. Dave. 1984. Acute Toxicity of Chromate,
DDT, PCP, TPBS, and Zinc to Daphnia magna Cultured in Hard and
Soft Water. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 33:63-68.
Dawson, D.A., E.F. Stebler/ S.L. Burks, and J.A. Bantle. 1988.
Evaluation of the Developmental Toxicity of Metal-Contaminated
Sediments Using Short-Term Fathead Minnow and Frog Embryo-Larval
Assays. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 7:27-34.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Zinc. EPA 440/5-87-003. National Technical Informati9n Service,
Springfield, VA. .
0-8
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n
t
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