Unrted States   .- ,- ,/ Office'of Water',     EPA 820 B se-n
Environmental Protection   4301         =i-^H^u-e-S6-o
Agency         OUT         September 1996
1995  Updates:

Water Quality
Criteria
Documents for the
Protection of
Aquatic Life in
Ambient Water

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                           DISCLAIMER

This document has been  reviewed by  the Health and Ecological
Criteria Division, Office  of Science and Technology, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication.
Mention of trade names  and commercial products does not
constitute endorsement  of  their use.
                        ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Technical support for preparation of this document was
provided to the Office of Water by Charles E. Stephan, U.S.
EPA, Office of Research and Development, Mid-Continent Ecology
Division, Duluth, MN.

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                                CONTENTS
Arsenic (III)    .  .  .  .  ,  .  .  .  .   ."  .  .  .  .  .  .  ..........  . 'A-l

                                                            *
Cadmium  .... -.  .• ..... v .  ".  . • .  .. .  .  .  .  ...  .  ..'• .  . B-l


Chromium (1 1 1)  -.  . •  .  .  .'.'.'.  .'•.'.  .  ,  . - ."  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . c-1,


Chromium (VI)   -.  .  .  .  ...  .• '.   .  . • '.'.  .  .  .  .......  .  .  . D-l


Copper   .  . .•  .  ......  .  .  .  .   .  .'...'.....".-.  ..  .  .  .; ' . E-L-


Cyanide  .......  .  ป  .-  .  .  .  .  .....,,..  .  ...  •.  .  .  .  .  ... F-l


.Dieldrln  . ..-,..  .  .  .  .  .  .   . ...  ..  >'.,.-..'.  .  .  .  .'  .  .... G-i
                                             1           y

Endrin   .....  •  •  • ....... ,  .  .  .  .  . .'.  .  .  .  .... H-l


Lindane  .  .' .  :.  .  .  ....  . ' .   .'  .  .  .  .  . ...  .  .  .  .  . -.  ... 1-1


Mercury (II)  .  . ;.  .  .  .''.'..  ...  .  .  ." .  ....  .  .  .  .  .  .'-. j-i


Nickel   .......  .....   ..  T  ...........   . K-l


Parathion  . .  ...  .  .  .   .  .  .  .   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  ....  .   . L-l


Pentachlorophenol  .  .  .   ....  ."   .  .  . ". • .  „  .  .  •  •  • •  •  .   . M-l


Selenium  . ...  .  .  .  .   .  .  .  .   .  ...  .   .•  .  ..  ....  •. .-.  •. N-l


Zinc  ;.'...  . .'-.  .  .  ,   .  .  ."...'.  .  .  .'  .  .  .  .  ..   . .  .  . .. '. o-l
                                   111

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                            INTRODUCTION
 The purpose of  these  updates  is  to  apply  the methodology  and
 datasets used in  the  derivation  of  the GLI  aquatic  life criteria
 to the national aquatic  life  criteria .for these pollutants  in
 fresh water.  The methodology is that described for Tier  I  in
 Appendix A_to Part 132:  Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative
 ^OHO  ^ฐ?leS 5ฐr 2relฐ"pment of A<5uatic Life Criteria and  Values
 (Federal Register 60:15393-15399; March 23,  1995)    This
       pc.     that Ascribed in the 1985 Guidelines
(U.S.  EPA 1985)  in the following important ways:
 .  The GLI methodology gives preference to species  that  are
   resident_in the Great Lakes System.   This  has  no impact on
   these  criteria,  however,  because  the sensitive species in
   these  datasets  that are  considered commercially  or           '
   recreationally  important  for the  purposes  of deriving national
   aquatic life  criteria are the same as  the  sensitive species  in
   these  datasets  that are  considered commercially  or
   recreationally  important  for the  purposes  of derivina GLI
   aquatic life  criteria.                              y
 .  The  GLI methodology does  not use  the Final  Residue Value (FRY)

         aUSd ^      19
                         1985 Guideline^   Instead of using the
          !         VJtl0n ฐf ac*uatic Ufe  criteria,  human health
    and wildlife criteria are to be derived using guidelines that
    are designed to provide .adequate protection to human health
    and wildlife.
    Acute-Chronic  Ratios  (ACRs)  for saltwater  species are not used
    in  the derivation of  criteria for freshwater species if the
    Minimum  Data Requirements for chronic  data are satisfied by
    data for freshwater species.

                                      generally identicai  to      '
Although it is not part  of  the methodology,  if the range of
%S™Sf Mean.'Acute Values  (SMAVs) or Species Mean Chronic Values
(SMCVs) within a genus was  greater  than a  factor of five, the
Genus Mean Acute Value or Genus Mean Chronic Value was set equal
to the lowest SMAV or SMCV  in that  genus to provide adequate
protection to the tested species in the genus.  Whenever this was
done, it is footnoted in the relevant table.

The datasets used in these  updates  used new data that were
considered to be of acceptable quality along with the data in the
criteria documents previously published by the U.S. EPA,  which
are referenced in the section for each pollutant.  "New dataware
data that^became available  since the last literature search used
in the preparation of the criteria  document by U.S. EPA and prior
                                IV

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 to January 1.993.  Some  errors  in  the  U.S.  EPA criteria  ^      . "
 were corrected and the'  new  taxonomy' for  salmon ids  w^   docunent3 .
 SMAVs and GMAVs are different  from^hose in  the U  ^ EPA^''• f^
-documents due" to the preference for results  of ซfi™ *H  criteria
 measured" tests.  Although  some'new data con?H *flow-throu^/
 revise the slopes relating  acu?e and/or cn^fc ?ฃic!S) to**  *




 These updates affect criterion concentrations  (i  e   Cri'i-ari^
 Maximum .Concentrations and/or Criterion ContinuouJ"  CriteriOn
 allowed^xceedinces11 nOt avera?ing Periods  or frequencies
The
      ACR
      CCC  '
      CMC
      FAV
      FCV
      GMAV
      GMCV
      FACR
      SMACR
      SMAV
      SMCV
  *„„*.  n    •  arS USed  in  t-his-Document:
  Acute-Chronic Ratio
= Criterion Continuous Concentration
- Criterion Maximum Concentration     -
=. Final Acute Value'.      '               <
= Final Chronic Value
= : Genus Mean Acute Value'-
= Genus Mean Chronic Value
= Final Acute-Chronic .Ratio   "
- Species Mean Acute-Chronic Ratio ~   '
=• Species Mean Acute; Value
= Species Mean Chronic Value
                               v

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          .. .              . 1995 UPDATE:              •
        F-re'shwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Arsenic (III) -


The new acceptable acute  and chronic  data  for  arsenic(III)  are
given in Tables Al and A2.  These new data were  used with those
given in Tables I and 2 of the criteria document for arsenic
(U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values  given in  Table  A3.


Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

The Final Acute Value  (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table A3, resulting in a FAV of
679.6 ug/L.  This value did not need'  to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important'species.  The CMC  was
calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,  resulting in a  CMC of  339.^8
ug/L, as total recoverable arsenic(III).  •                      •
                      \           '                          •

Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic to'xicity data were" available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value. (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were- available to calculate  a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic, Ratio (FACR).   The
new chronic test gave an ACR of 3.784; the geometric mean of this
value and the ACR in U.S. EPA  (1985)  for the same species was
4.199.  This and the two other Species Mean ACRs  in  U.S.  EPA  .
(1985) are given in Table A3; the three ACRs. were within  a  factor
of 1.2.  The FACR was calculated, as the geometric mean of the
three ACRs and was 4.594.  The FCV =  FAV/FACR  =  (679.6
ug/L)/(4.594)  = 147.9 ug/L.  This value did not  need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or  recreationally  important
species.  The CCC was ^147.9 ug/L, as  total recoverable
arsenic(III).
The Criterion

The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not. be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of arsenic(III) does not
exceed 147.9 ug/L more than once every three years on the average
and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 339.8
ug/L more!! than once every three years on the average.
                               A-l

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Table Al.  New Acute.Values  for Arsenic(III)
Species
'Method*   Chemical
  Test _   Acute
Duration  Value
 (hrs)    (ug/L)
Reference
Fathead, minnow, :
Pimephales. promelas , FT,M
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magn'a ; S,U
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex S,U
Cladoceran, , -
Ceriodaphnia reticulata S,U
Sodium
• arseni'te
Sodium"
arsenite
• ' Sodium
arsenite
Sodium
.arsenite
•- " . Spehar and
96 12,600 Fiandt 1986
. j
• Elnabarawy
48 4,501, et al. 1986 •
. Elnabarawy
48 2,366 et al. 1986^
Elnabarawy
.48 . 1,269 et al. 1986
  FT = flow-through, M = measured, S = static, U = unmeasured.
                                     A-2

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      A2.  New Chronic Values for Arsenic(III)
Species
Test*
• Acute
 Value
 (ug/L)
Chronic
 Value
 (ug/L)
Acute-
Chronic
 Ratio
                                        Reference
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
 ELS
 12r600    3,330     3.784
                                        Spehar and
                                        Fiandt 1986
* ELS = early life stage.
                                     A-3

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Table A3.  Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Arsenic(III)
Rank*
14 '
13
12
,11 '
10
9 '-
8
7
6
' 5
4 ' .
3
2

1
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
; 97,000 •
41,760
26,040
24,500.'
22,040
20,130
. 18,100
14,960 ."
14,065
13,340'
2,690
1,511
1,175

874
. Species '
' Midge, • - •
Tanytarsus dissimilis '
"' /*" '
> \
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus .
Goldfish, •
Carassius auratus
Snail, ' ' ;
Aplexa hypnorum
Stonefly,
'•'Pteronarcys calif ornica
Flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
Channel catfish
Ictalurua punctatua
• - ,-. ...
Brook trout, ' -
Salveli'nus fontinali's /
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelaa
Rainbow trout,
Oncofhynchus mykiss
.Cladocerari,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex ,
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus vetulus
Amphipod,
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L) ,
97, 000
41, 760
26,040
24,500
22, 040
20,130
18,100
14,960
• ^ ,''
14,065
ซ
13,340
4,449
1,626
1" 5 1 1
812
1 700
974
Species Mean
.. Acute-Chronic
, Ratio , ;





4.862
4.199
.4.748.




                     Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
                                    A-4

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Ranked from most  resistant  to  most  sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.   -                                                       ..
           FAV = 679.6 ug/L                                ;


           CMC = FAV/2 = 339.8  ug/L


           FACR = 4.594


           FCV = FAV/FACR = (679.6  ug/L)/(4.594)  = 147.9 ug/L =• CCC
                                  A-5

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References
Elnabarawy, M.T.., A.N. Welter,  and R.R.' Robideau.   1986.        •
Relative Sensitivity of-Three Daphnid Species  to Selected Organic
and Inorganic .Chemicals.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem.  5:393-398. •

Spehar, R.L.,'and J.T. Fiandt.  1986.  Acute and Chronic Effects
of Water Quality Criteria-based Metal Mixtures on  Three Aquatic
Species.  Environ.. 'Toxicoi. Chem. 5:917-931. '

U.S. EPA.  1985.  Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Arsenic -  .
1984.  ' EPA 440/5-84-033.  National'Technical Information Service,
Springfield; VA., .            "  " •   '         ' -   .
                              A-6

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                            1995 UPDATE:
          -"Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion  for Cadmium'    -


 The new acceptable acute and chronic data for 'cadmium are given
 in Tables Bl and B2.  These new data were used with those given
 toolf4SS i and 2 Of the criteri* document for cadmium  (U.S.. EPA
 1985)  to obtain the values given in Tables B-3 .and B4.• Because
 the toxicity of cadmium is hardness-dependent, all acute and  -•
 chronic values in Tables B3 and B4 have been adjusted to a
 hardness of 50 mg/L.                      .                   .


 Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)

 The SMAVs given in Table B3 for the green sunfish,  bluegill,  coho
 salmon,  and rainbow trout were  derived from U.S.  EPA (1985)  bv
 giving preference to  results of "FT,M" tests.  Several SMAVs
 given  in U.S.  EPA (1985)  were changed or eliminated due to
 deletion of tests that  were conducted in river water bv Soehar  '
 and Carlson (1984a,b) .                                    tซ=ซai

 The Final Acute Value'(FAV)  was calculated  using  the four lowest
 Genus  Mean  Acute Values  in Table B3, .resulting in  an FAV of  4  134
 ug/L at  a hardness  of 50  mg/L.   This'value  did not  need to be*
 lowered  to  protect  a commercially  or  recreationally important
 species.  The  CMC was calculated by dividing  the  FAV by 2
 resulting in a CMC  of 2.067  ug/L,  as  total  recoverable  cadmium,
 at  a hardness  of 50 mg/L.   The  CMC was  related to hardness using
 the  slope of 1.128  that was  derived in  .-U.S. EPA (1985):

                             (In hardness) -3.6867
Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Two chronic values given in U.S. EPA  (1985) were not used here
because the tests were conducted in"river water by Spehar and
Carlson (1984a,b).  The chronic value given in U.S. EPA  (1985)
for Moina macrocopa was not used here because the concentrations
of cadmium were not measured.

Chronic toxicity tests have been conducted on cadmium with a wide
variety of aquatic species -and the resulting ACRs have a wide
range, even within sensitive species  (U.S. EPA 1985).  Therefore,
the _ Final* Chronic Value (FCV) was calculated using the eight-
family procedure that was used to calculate the FAV and was used
to calculate the FCV for cadmium in. U.S. EPA (1985).  As in U.S.

                             .  B-l            '    '   ,

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   hardness us.ng  the  slop,  of  0.7852 :that  was  d^vJdi'Vs.  EPA
                   CCC = e
                          0-7852.(lln hardness) - 2.715
   The Criterion       ,                   -         '    "

   The procedures described in the methodology indicate HV^  ov   ^
   .                 .               .
                  CCG = Q 0.7852 (In hardness)  -2.715        '

   more  :than once every three years on the average and if the
            a
                      = • e -1"128 ^ln hardness) - 3.6867

.  more than once every three years on  the  average^."
                                 B-2

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 Table Bl.  New Acute Values  for  Cadmium
                                                         Adjusted
Species
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Amphipod^
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Crayfish,
Orconectes virilis
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss-
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout
(28-day egg) ,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout
(14-day egg) ,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout
(24-hr, egg),
• , Hardness
(mg/L as
Method* CaCO3)
S,U 240
S,U 120
S,U 200
S,U • 200
S,U 240
S,U . 240
S,U 50
S,U 26
FT,M 9.2
FT,M 50
FT,M 50
FT,M 50
FT,M 50
FT,M 50 .
Acute
. Value
(ug/L)
184 .
• 70
50
100
319
178
. 1700
6100
<0.5
30
10 ,'
9200
7500
13000
Acute
Value
(ug/L)**
31.36
26.07
. 10.47
20.94
54.37
30.3
1700
12755
<3.37
30
10
9200***
7500*'**
13000***
Reference
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Hall et al.
1986
Hall et al.
1986
Hall et al.
1986
Elnabarawy .
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy,
et al. 1986
Martin' and
Holdich 1986
Mirenda 1986
Cusimano and
Brakke 1986
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et al._1985
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et-al. 1985
Oncorhynchus mykiss
    i
Rainbow trou_t
(0-hr, eggto
Oncorhynchus mykiss
FT,M
50 .    13000
13000***   Van Leeuwen
           et al.  19,85
                                      B-3

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Table Bl.   (Cont.)
Species
       i  Hardness  .Acute
         , (rag/L as ,  Value
Method*'   CaC03)     (ug/L),
                                                        Adjusted
                                                         Acute             •
                                                         Value'
                                                        (ug/L)**,  Reference
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis

Striped bass,
Morbne saxatilis
                            S,U
            40
                                     285
                                               10 .
                                5.14   •Palawski
                                        et al.  1985

                                1.4      Palawski
                                        et al.  1985
                               0ฃ  the
                                   B-4

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 Table B2.   New Chronic Values for Cadmium
Species
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata

Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex

Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Oligochaete,
Aeolosoma headleyi
Hardness
(mg/L as
Test* CaCO3)
LC 240

LC 240
LC 106
LC 65

LC 240
LC , 65
Chronic
Value
(ug/L)
0.4
"•
4.3
7.07
7.49

13.7
25.19
Adjusted
Chronic
Value
(ug/L) **
0.12***

1.25*** ..
3.919
6.096

4***
20.50
Reference
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Ingersoll and
Winner 1982
Niederlehner
1 rt O A
1984
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986 •
Niederlehner
1984
*,   LC = life cycle.                .
**  Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L  using a  slope  of  0,7852
*"*
                                   . B-5

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Table B3.  Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values, fox Cadmium
    '     Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*    . (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value .,
 (ug/L) **
43
, 42 " '
41
40 •
39 '
38
. 37

36
35
34
33
32
31
'30
29
28
12755
\_832 5
8100
7921
76,85 '
6915'
4990

4977 ,
: 4778
4024
. 4024 .
3800
3570
3514
3400
3018
. Crayfish, • • ' " '
. Orconectes virilis
Goldfish, -
Carassius auratus
Damselfly, ' . • .
' . (Unidentified) '
Tubificid worm, ,
Rhyacodrilus montana
Mosquitofish, ..-'.-..
, Gambusia af finis
Tubificid worm,
Stylodrilus heringianus
, Tubificid worm,
' Spirosperma ferox
' **.
Tubificid worm/
Spirosperma ni.kol.skyi
, Threespine stickleback
Gasterosteus aculeatus
Tubificid worm,
Varichaeta , p'acif ica
. Tubificid worm, • :
Tubif ex tubif ex' •
Tubificid worm, .
Quistradilus multisetosus
Snail, ' . ,
.Amnicola sp~
Guppy,
Poecilia . reticulata
White sucker, ':
• Catostomus commersbni
Caddisf ly, .- , . '
(Unidentified)
Tubificid worm, .
'12755 ' . •
8325 ;
.8100
,7921 '
7685
6915
4401
.5658
4977
4778
4024
4024
3800 •
' 3570
3514".
3400
; 3018 -
                      Branchiura sowerbyi

                        -  .  .         B-6

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Table B3.   (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)**
Species
                     Aplexa hypnorum
Species Mean
Acute Value
 (ug/L)**
27
26
25


24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
2888
2400
2395


2310
, 2137
1700
1700
1200
736 .
401
221.9
215.5
156.9
142.5
104.0
Flagfish, ' .
. Jordanella floridae
Northern squawfish,
Ptychocheilus oregonensis .
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Mayfly,
Ephemerella grandis
Tubificid , worm,
Limnodrilus hof fmeisteri
Worm,
Nais sp .
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Midge,
Chironomus sp.
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata ,
Isopod,
Asellus bicrenata
Bryozoan,
Plumatella emarginata
Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Snail,
Physa gyrina
Bryozoan,
Pectinatella magnifica
Snail,
2888
2400
- 2399
1347
4249.
2310
2137
, 1700
1700 .
1200
736
, 401
221.9
215.5,
156.9
142.5
104.0
                                    B-7

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Table B3.   (Con't. )
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*,      (ug/L)**
Species
-. Species Mean
. Acute Value
  (ug/L)**
   12       98.79     Banded killifisti,
                      Fundulus diaphanus

   11       74.99    • Amphipod, .  ' •   • ,;
                    •  Gammarus pseudolimnaeus

                      Amphipod, •  • "   ,
                      Gammarus sp.

  '.10'       48.28-     Cladoceran,         . "   '  .
              ,   •     -Ceriodaphnia reticulata

    9.       42.8      Isopod,
                      Lirceus alabamae

    8       40.78     Cladoceran,
                      Moina macrocopa

    7       30.54     Bryozoan,
         '             Lophopodella carteri
        ''/•''*            '    '      •     x
    6       30'. 50     Fathead minnow,
                    .  Pimephales promelas

    5       29.96     Cladoceran.,
               ,  •     Simocephalus serrulatus

                      Cladoceran,
                      Simocephalus vetulus

    4       21.13     Cladoceran',
                      Daphnia magna,

                      Cladoceran,
                    •  Daphnia pulex

    3        5.421     Coho salmon,
    ,                 Oncorhynchus kisutch

                      Chinook salmon,        '"
          •            Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

                      Rainbow trout,
                    ,  Oncorhynchus mykiss

    2        2.682***  White perch,
        .   •      .     Morone americana
         ',*      '  :   .          '  .'•  '
                      Striped bass,
                      Morone saxatilis
                               98.79
                               80,33
                               70.00
                               48.28
                               42,. 8
                               40.78
                               30.54
                               30.50
                               33-2
                               27.03
                               14.2
                               31.43
                                6.48
                                4.254
                                5.78
                             7544
                                2.682****
                                     B-8 .

-------
       B3.   (Cent.)
          Genus  Mean '
          Acute  Value'
Rank*      (ug/L)**
                        Species
Species Mean
Acute .Value
 (ug/L)**
            1.647       Brown  trout,
                       Salmo  trutta
                                                       1.647
      Ranked from-most resistant to most sensitive based on  Genus  Mean  Acute
      Value.                        .      '            ..           ,
      At  hardness  = 50 mg/L.
***   The GMAV was set equal  to the lower SMAV due to  the large range in the
      SMAVs  in this genus.
****  This SMAV was based on  the results reported by Palawski  et al.  (1985)
** •
     because  they were  considered better data  than those  given in  U.S.  EPA
      (1985),  although the  data  reported by Hughes  (1973)  supported the  newer
     data.
At hardness = 50 mg/L:

             FAV ป  4.134 ug/L
                                            • *

             CMC =  FAV/2 =* 2.067 ug/L           '.'."'•

As a function of hardness:

                              1.128 (In hardness)  -3.6867
                      CMC = e
                                      B-9

-------
Table B4.  Ranked Genus Mean Chronic Values  for Cadmium
          Genus Mean-'
         Chronic Value
Rank* "   .  (ug/L)**•
'Species
Species Mean
Chronic Value
  (ug/L)**   .
12 . ,20.5-0
11 16.32
10 15.40 ...
9 8.170 "
'. , 8 8.138
: 7 7.849
6. 7.771
5 5.336
4 4.841
3 4.383\
:," .. -
2 3.399

, , 1 . 0.1354***
•
Oligochaete, ,
Aeolosoma headleyi
Bluegill, ..••_•
Lepomis iriacrochirus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas .
Smallmouth bass,
Micropterus dolomieu
Northern pike,
Esox lucius
White sucker/
Catostomus commersoni .
Atlantic salmon,
Salmo salar
' ' ' - ' *
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta ; ,
Flagfi.ah,
Jordanella floridae
Snail, •
Aplexa hypnorum
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Lake trout,
Salvelinus namaycush
,Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch '
Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Cladoceran, ,
Daphnia magna • •'.-.-
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
1 ' ' • 20.50 •
16.32 /
- 15.40 . : ;
8.170 - . '.
8.138
'7.849 .
8.19,2
7.372
5.336
4.841
2.362
.8.134
4.289 '
2.694
0.1354
_ 4.888
                                    B-10

-------
* *  Ranked from most  resistant  to most  sensitive  based  on  Genus  Mean .Chronic
    Value. ""
**  At hardness = 50  mg/L.'               •                    ,
*** The GMCV was set  equal  to the lower SMCV due  to  the large  range in the
    SMCVs for this genus.


At hardness = 50 mg/L:

             FCV = 1.4286 ug/L = CCC    (calculated using n = 43)

As a function of hardness:

                             0.7852 (In  hardness)  -2.715
                      CCC = e
                                     B-ll

-------
' References •     '         .'.-'.•-./•   •         .

 Cusimano,  R.F..,- D.F., Brakke, arid G.A. Chapman.   1986.   Effects  of
 pH on the. Toxicitles of. Cadmium, Copper .and Zinc to  Steelhead .
 Trout (Salmo gairdneri)' .  Can. J. Fish. Aquat.. Sci.-  43:1497-1503.

 Elnabarawy/ M.R.,  A.N.. Wetter, and R.R. Robideau.  1986,.
 Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species  to Selected Organic
 and Inorganic Chemicals. /Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.

.Hall,. 'W.S.,  R.L. Paulson, L.W. HallT Jr., and  D.T. Burton.   1986.
'Acute Toxicity' of Cadmium and Sodium Pentachlorophenate to
 Daphnids and Fish.  Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.  37:308-316. '• •

 Hughes,  J.S.  , 1973.  Acute Toxicity'of Thirty  Chemicals to
 Striped Bass- (Morone sax-atills1) .  Western Assbc. State Game  Fish
• Cornm.., Salt Lake City, UT.- • July.    -..•'•'•-

 Ingersoll, C.G., and R.W.'Winner.  1982.  Effect on  Daphnia  pulex
'(DeGeer)  of Daily Pulse Exposures to Copper or Cadmium.' Environ.
 Toxicol.  Chem.  1:321-327.       '       .       : "- •       "  '  •

Martin,  T.R./. and D.M. 'Holdich.   1986." ""The Acute Lethal Toxicity
 of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans  (with Particular  -.•/
 Reference to Fresh-water Asellids and Gammarids).  Water Res.
 20:1137:-1147.

Mirenda,  R.J.  1986.  Toxicity and Accumulation of Cadmium in the
.Crayfish,'Orconectes virilis  (Hagen).  Arch. Environ. Contam.
 Toxicol., 15:401-407.       ' '•                '   .'

Niederlehner, B.  1984.  A Comparison of Techniques  for    " .'  '
 Estimating the Hazard of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment.
M.S.  Thesis.   Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State       . "''
University.   .                                    .  '.  '  .

 Palawski,  D., J.B. Hunn,  and F.J. Dwyer.'  1985.  Sensitivity of  ,
Young, Striped Bass to Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in  Fresh
 and Saline Waters.  Trans, Am. Fish. Soc. 114:748-753.

 Spehar,  R.L., and A.R." Carlson.   1984a.  Derivation  of Site-,
 Specific Water Quality Criteria for Cadmium and the  St. Louis-   " .
 River Basin,  Dulutn, Minnesota.   PB84-153196.  National Technical
 Information Service, Springfield, VA.  .               -    ,      •'

 Spehar,  R.L., and A.R. Carlson.   1984b,.  Derivation  of Site-
 Specif icปWater Quality Criteria for Cadmium and the  St.,Louis
 River Basin,  Duluth, Minnesota.   Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 3:651-
 665. .      .         '.'..'."•••    •   '   '     •'."'..'-.    •••••••

-------
U.S. EPA. V1985.  Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria  for
Cadmium.  EPA 440/5-84-032.  National Technical  Information
Service, Springfield, VA.                                   .

Van Leeuwen, C.J., P.S. Griffioen, W.H.A. Vergouw, and J.L. Maas-
Diepeveen.  1985.  Differences in Susceptibility of Early Life
Stages of Rainbow Trout  (Sa'lmo gairdneri)- to Environmental
Pollutants.  Aquatic Toxicol. 7:59-78.
                               B--13

-------
 .    .     ••  •     .         1995 UPDATE:  ,   - '
       Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Chromium(III)


The new acceptable .acute data  for chromium(III) are given in
Table CT; .-ho. new acceptable chronic data were  found.  These data
were used with those given in  Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria
document'for chromium "(U.S. EPA 1984) to obtain the values given
in Table C2.-  Because the toxicity of chromium(Til) is hardness-
dependent, all acute values'in Table C2 have been adjusted to a
hardness of 50 mg/L.             .    '


Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)

The Final Acute Value  (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table,C2, resulting in an FAV of 2044
ug/L'at.a hardness of 50 .mg/L.  This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species.  The CMC was calculated by dividing .the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 1022 ug/L, as total  recoverable
chromium(III)/ at a hardness of 50 ,mg/L.  'The  CMC was related to
hardness using the slope of-0.819 that was derived in U.S. EPA  .
 (1985) :       "•    -             , .    • '  .
                       0.819-(In hardness)-+-3.7256 .
  • •,<  ;  •  ' -  •  CMC = e'     ••     •''•.'         .  .
Criterion Continuous  Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient  chronic  toxicity data  were-available  to  calculate  a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV)  using the eight-family procedure.   •
Sufficient  chronic data were available to  calculate a FCV by
dividing the  FAV by the Final.Acute-Chronic'Ratio  (FACR).  SMACRs
were available  for three species (Table  C2) .and the highest  SMACR
was obtained  with the most resistant of  the three.  The other two
SMACRs were within a  factor of 2.4.  The FACR was  calculated-as
the geometric mean .of the two ACRs  and was 41.84.  The FCV =
FAV/FACR =  (2044 ug/L)/(41.84} =48.85 ug/L at a hardness of 50;
mg/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially  or recreationally important species.  Thus the  CCC
was  48.85 ug/L,  as total recoverable chromium(III), at a hardness
of 50 mg/L.  The CCC, was related to hardness using the slope of
0819"                           ~
                     .   0.819 (In hardness)  •+ 0.6848
                 CCC = e             -                  •'.-.-
                                C-l

-------
The Criterion

The procedures described  in  the methodology  indicate  that, except
possibly where a  locally  important  species is very  sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms  should not be affected unacceptably
if the  four-day-average concentration of'chromium(III) does not
exceed  the numerical value  (in ug/L) given by the equation

                       0.819(In hardness) +0.6848
                CCC = e             •

more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average  concentration does not exceed the  numerical
value (in ug/L) given by  the  equation

                       0.819 (In hardness) •+ 3.7256
                    ~ S                                 .
                                    "!

more than once every three years on the average.
                               C-2

-------
Table Cl.  New Acute-Values for Chromium (III)
Species
         Hardness-
         (mg/L as
Method-*   CaCOj)
       , Adjusted
Acute    Acute
Value    Value
(ug/L)   (ug/L)**
                                                                   Reference
Amphipod,       ..     „. '  .";  s,U
Crangonyx pseudpgracilis
            50     291,000 .  291,000     Martin and ;
                .'   •',    .       -  .      ...-  Holdich 1986,
*.. S = static, U = unmeasured.  -
** Adjusted ,to a hardness  of 50 mg/L using a- slope of.-Q.819.
                                      C-3

-------
Table C2.  Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Chromium(III)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*       (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
  (ug/L)**
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
    Ratio
19
18
17
.16
15
14
13

12

11
10
g
8
-j
6

291, 000
71060
50000
43100
16010
15630
15370

14770

13230
12860
11000
10320
i 001 r\
9669
ซt
Q^nn

Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Caddis fly,
Hydropsyche betteni
Caddis fly,
Unidentified sp.
Dams el fly,
Unidentified sp.
Cladoceran,
Oaphnia magna
Banded killifish,'
Fundulus diaphanus
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
White perch,
Mo rone americana
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
Common carp
Cyprinus carpio
American eel
Anguilla rostrata
Chironomus sp .
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
356.4***
15630 	 —
15720 	
15020 - 	 .
13320 - 	
16370 	
13?3Q - 	
12860 	
1 1 nnn ^- 	 —
10320 27.30
i (191 n ——
9669 64.11
cnnn _ __'•

                                     C-4

-------
 Table .C2.   (Cont.
           Genus  Mean
           Acute  Value
 Rank*   -   (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
Acute Value  '  Acute-Chronic
  (ug/L)**         Ratio
               8684   ..  'Goldfiah,-;
                       Carassius auratus

               7,053     Guppy,
                       Poecilia reticuiata

               3200     Amphipod,
                       Gammarus sp.

              2221.    Mayfly,
                     .,  Ephemerella subvaria
                            8684


                            7053


                            3200


                            2221
 *   Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
     Value.          :     ••   •            '                   •    ..
 **   At hardness =50 mg/L.     ,        .
 *** Not. used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio. '
At  hardness  = 50 mg/L:

      .    FAV = 2045 ug/L               '

          CMC = FAV/2 = 1022 ug/L                 '   -

As  a  function of hardness:       .


                      _„_-_   0.819 {In.hardness) +3.7256
                      'CMC — S

FACR = '41.84              '-,.-.-•''       •                  :'

At  hardness = 50 mg/L:                           •  .

          FCV = FAV/FACR = (2044 mg/L)-/(41.84)  =48.85 ug/L

As  a function of hardness:         .

                      _   _   0.819 (In hardness) -"-0.6848
                      CCC — G              .            ,
                                 ccc
                                      C-5

-------
References           '

Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich;  1986.  The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans  (with Particular
Reference to Fresh-water Asellids and Gammarids).  Water Res.
20:1137-1147. ,                .

U.S. EPA.  1985.  Ambient Aquatic Life Water.Quality Criteria for
Chromium(III) - 1984.  EPA 440/5-84-029.  National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA.
                                C-6

-------
   .          ;       '    '   1995 UPDATE:-
        Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion  for Chromium(VI)  '


 The  new  acceptable  acute  data for chromium(VI)  are given in Table
 Dl;  no new  acceptable chronic data were used.  .These new data
 were used with'those  given in Tables; 1 and 2 of the criteria.  .
 document for, chromium (U.S.  EPA 1985)  to obtain the values given •
 in Table D2.       .        •  • "'  "    .'  '   .,     .  -    '  •-
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)        '•            . ,  ' >  '

The  Final Acute  Value'  (FAV)  was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values  given in Table D2,  resulting in,a FAV of
'32.04ug/L.   This..value  did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially .or  recreationally important" species.   The CMC  was
calculated by dividing the,FAV by 2,  resulting In a CMC of  16.02
ug/L, as total recoverable  chromium(VI)..                     '  ,
Criterion Continuous  Concentration (CCC) '•  .  •   •.
               i \     '     '.               "      •         '*
Insufficient  chronic  toxicity data were  available  to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV)'.using the eight-family procedure.  '  -
Sufficient  chronic  data  were available to  calculate *a FCV by '
dividing the  FAV by the  Final Acute-Chronic Ratio  (FACR).   Eight
SMACRs were available (Table D.2),  but three were high SMACRs that
were obtained with  res.istant species and one was a "greater than"
value.  Of  the eight,  only  four were appropriate for use  in
calculating the FACR.and the four  were within a factor of 6.  The
FACR was calculated as the  geometric mean of these four and was
2.917.  The FCV = FAV/FACR  = (32.04 ug/L)/(2.917)  = 10.98  ug/L.
This value  did not  need  to  be lowered to protect a .commercially
or recreationally important species.  The'CCC was  10.98 ug/L,  as
total recoverable chromium(VI).
The Criterion   •             '''...;

The procedures  described in the methodology indicate that,  except
possibly where  a' locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater  aquatic  organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the  four-day average concentration of chromium(VI.)  does  not
exceed  10.98  ug/L more than once every three years on the .average
and.if  the  one-hour average concentration does not exceed 16.02
ug/L mor^,than  once every three years on the average.       .
                                D-l

-------
T=.ble Dl.  New Acute Values for Chromium(VI)
Species
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilia
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilia
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Method*
S,U
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,U
S,M
S,M
R,U
R,U
S,M
S,M
. S,M
Chemical
K-dichromate
Na-dichromate
K-dichromate ...
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
Na-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-clichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
Acute Value
(ug/L)
900**
112**
170**
190**
20**
20**
40**
. 40**
122**
180**
180**
420
810
182,000**
154,000**
201,240**
Reference
Berglind and
Dave 1984
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Dorn et al. •
1987
Dorn, et al.
1987
Dorn, et al.
1987
Dorn, et al.
1987
Dorn, et al.
1987
Dorn, et al.
1987
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Jop et
al. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Jop et
al.. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
                                    D-2

-------
Table Dl.   {Gont.j
Species
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill, -' . .
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
•Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
'Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow, ' .
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephaies promelas
Method* ' Chemical .
S,U K-dichromate
S,M K-dichromate
S,U K-dichromate
S,M K-dichromate
S,U K-dichromate
S,M K-dichromate
. . S,M K-dichromate
S,U K-dichro*mate
S,M K-dichromate
Acute Value
-. ,(ug/.L)
. 164,730**
199,200** .
158,360**
' 148>310**
146,530*'*
46,000**
34,000**
26,130**
" . 26,410**-
* •
Reference
D'.orn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
alt 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1.987
Jop et
al. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Dorn et
•al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1,987
*  S = static, FT "= flow-through,, M = measured, U = unmeasured.
** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
  'this species ."from a "FT,M" test.                        .
                                      D-3 '

-------
Table D2.  Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values .for Chromium(VI)
Rank*
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21

20
19
18
17
16
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
1,870,000
176,000
140,000
123,500
119,500
72,600
69,000
67,610

61,000
59,000
57,300
51,250
,49,600
st
Species
Stonefly,
Neophasganophora capitata
Crayfish,
Orconectes rusticus.
Damsel fly,
Enallagma aspersum
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
White crappie,
Pomoxis annulari.s
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Emerald shiner,
Notropis atherinoides
Striped shiner,
Notropis chrysocephalus
Sand shiner,
Notropis' stramineus
Midge,
Chironomus tentans
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Midge,
Tanytarsus dissimilis
Central stoneroller,
Campos toma anomalum
Silver jaw minnow,
Ericymba buccata
Species Mean Species' Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
IQ T n n n n —
, o I(J r UUU 	
176,000 	
140,000
114,700 ' — —
i -b o Q A n -

. 119,500 	
72,600 	 	
69,000 260.8**
AQ Ann __-.-^

85,600 	
74,600 	
2n n n n _••
ol, UUU
59,000 223**
e *7 o n 'n -.
0 / , jUU ~
51,250 -— —
49,600 	
                                      D-4

-------
T^ble D2.   (Cent.1,)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank* <      (ug/L)
Species
                                   Species Mean   Species Mean
                                   Acute Value    Acute-Chronic
                                      (ug/L)     ,     Ratio
15 •
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
~ 6
5 •
&
47, 180
46, 000
36 300
30,450
30, 000
23, 010
1", 560
1, 440
650
630
583
fi7 . 1
Bluntnose minnow,
Pimephales notatus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Johnny darter
Etheostoma nigrum.
Yellow perch
Perca f lavescens ,
Striped bass, '
Morone saxatilis
Gunnv. '
Poecilia reticulata
Snail, •
Physa heterostropha ^ ..
Lophopodella carteri
Bryozoan
Pectinatella magnifica
Bryozo'azi,
Plumatella emarginata. . .
Hyalella azteca
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
ZXmrih i ซrtH
54 225 -- —
41/050 18.55**
&.P. nnn
oc onn - •
30 450 	 - —
30 000 	
•23 010 	

/ JOU , 	
1 A & n _ _ v-
S50 --

eo-a ; 	 . 	
'fi*7 1 . ' _ ' . 	 1
        Gammarus pseudolimnaeus

45.1    Cladoceran,
        Ceriodaphnia reticulata

36.35   Cladoceran,
        Simocephalus serrulatus

      '  Cladoceran,
        Simocephalus vetulus
                                                          45.1
                                                          40.9
                                                          32.3
                                              1.13
                                              2.055
                                              5.267
                                      D-5

-------
Table D2.   (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*       (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
   (ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic.
    Ratio
1
28.94 Cladoceran, 23'. 07 >6.957**
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran, 36.3 5.92
Daphnia piilex .
*  Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
   Value.
** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio:
            FAV ป  32.04  ug/L

            CMC -  FAV/2  -  16.02  ug/L

            FACR * 2.917

            FCV =  FAV/FACR =  (32.04  ug/L)/(2.917)
                         10..98 ug/L = CCC
                                     D-6

-------
 References :       •'•";-'.'•'-•    '     :    '  i   '.-'•'.'•.
• ~	•   ""*"•• v      •• "      . '   ;   .-'..•'          .'••'.
-Be'rglind, R., and G.  Dave.-  1984.   Acute Toxicity of Chromate,
 ,DDT,-PCP,- TPBS,i and  Zinc to.Daphnia magna Cultured in Hard and'
 Soft Water.  Bull. .Environ. -Contain. Toxicol. 33:63-68.  •-..•••'

 Dorn,  P.B../.'• J.H. Rodgers,  Jr., >k.M. Jop,  J.C.  Raia, -and K.L.
 D.ickson.  1987.  Hexav'alent  Chromium  as a Reference "Toxicant in -'
 Effluent Toxicity Tests.   'Environ.  Toxicol. Chem. 6:435-444.
                         ' ~ •             '      -          ^           ' .
                                •• .               \'      '  .  •
 Elnabarawy, M,. T., A. ST.  Welter, , and  R.R. Robicieau.  1986.      •/ .
 Relative Sensitivity of Three  Daphnid Species  to Selected Organic
 and'Inorganic Chemicals.   Environ.  Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.

•Jop,  K.M., T.F. Parkerton, J.H.  Rodgers,  and K.L. Dickson.  1987.
 Comparative Toxicity and Speci-ation of Two Hexavalent Chrpmium  ' .
 Salts in Acute•Toxicity Tests.   Environ.  Toxicol.,Chem.
 .6:697-703. ..     -       _         ' . '..   '  . -  :'   _.•' :"   :.;"•".   •'•••'   ;•-

 Martin,  J.R./ a^hd D.MJ  Holdich.  1986.  • The Acute Lethal Toxicity
 of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular
 Reference to Fresh-water Asellids and Gamm:arids) .  Water Res.
 20:1137-1147.      '            ;  '... .  '  •    '         .         -

 U.S.  EPA.  1985.  Ambient Water Qualirty Criteria for, Chromium -.".-
 1984.   EPA 440/5-84-029.   National  Technical Information Service^
^Springfield,  VA.  _'                                ,  .    .
                                 D-7

-------
                            1995 UPDATE:
          --.Freshwater Aquatic. Life Criterion for Copper
   hn        K        chronic data for copper are given in
 Tables El and^E2.  These new data were used with those given in
       .  a?    ฐf the criteria document for copper  (U.S. EPA
       to obtain the values given in Table E3.  Because the
   K^ ?f cฐPper is hardness-dependent,  all acute values in
 Table E3 have been adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L.


 Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)

 Data given in U.S.  EPA (1985)  for the species Gammarus pulex Were
 not used because this species  is not resident in North America.
 Several SMAVs given in Table E3 were derived from U.S.  EPA (1985)
 by giving preference to results of "FT,M"  tests.              -

 The Final Acute Value (FAV)  was calculated using the four lowest
 Genus Mean Acute Values in Table E3,  resulting in an FAV of 14.57
 ug/L at a hardness  of 50  mg/L.   This value did not need to  be
 lowered to protect  a commercially or recreationally important •
 species.   The CMC was calculated by dividing the  FAV bv 2
 resulting in  a CMC  of 7.285  ug/L,  as '-total recoverable  copper, at
 Slon^nfn SLoฐ *g/L-  The  CMC was  related to hardness using the
 slope of  0.9422 that was  derived in  U.S. EPA (1985):
                CMC = e
                       0.9422 (In hardness)- - 1.700
Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCO

Insufficient chronic toxicity -data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. .
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a 'FCV by^
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR).  The
new chronic test gave an ACR of 15.48 with the fathead minnow;
the geometric mean of this value-and the four ACRs for this
species in U.S. EPA  (1985) was 11.2.0.  SMACRs were available for
nine species (Table/E3) and were higher for resistant species.
To make the FACR appropriate for sensitive species,  it was
calculated from the two SMACRs that were determined with species
whose SMAVs were close to the FAV.  Thus the FACR was calculated
as the geometric mean of 3.297 and 2.418 and was 2.823.  The FCV
- FAV/FACฃ = (14.57 ug/L)-/(2.823)  =5.161 ug/L at a hardness of
50 mg/L. -This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species.  Thus the CCC
                               E-l

-------
was 5.161 ug/L,, as -total  recoverable copper,  at a hardness of 50
mg/L.: ;The--GCC  was  related to  hardness using the> slope of. 0.85,45
that was derived in U.S.  EPA (1985) :;         ,

  -•  '    .          '     '0.8545 (In hardness)  - 1.702  .
   .'-.,-    =   CCC =..e--                    ...-.•••
The Criterion  ..  ' '    .    '      '•.-..'  .'-'.-

The procedures described  in  the methodology indicate  that,  except
possibly where a locally  important  species  is. very sensitive,
freshwater' aquatic organisms  should not  be  affected unacceptably
if the four-day average.concentration  of copper  does  not exceed
the numerical value  (in ug/L) given by the  equation

              ,         0.8545 (In hardness)  -1.702.
                CCC = e ,       i                ..••'

more than once every three years on the  average  and if  the
one-hour average concentration does -not  exceed the numerical
value (in ug/L)  given by  the  equation

                CMC -  ฐ-9422Jln hardness)  - 1.700    -'  '  .  :


more than once every three years on the  average.
                               E-2.

-------
Ta^le El.  New Acute Values  for Copper
Species Method*
Cladoceran, S,U
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran, ' - S,U
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran, S,U
Daphnia pulex
Amphipod, S,U
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Asiatic clam, FT,M-
Corbicula manilensis
Midge, . S,M
Chironomus decorus
Fathead minnow, FT,M
Pimephales promelas
Bluegill, S,M
Lepomis macrochirus
Blue.gill, FT,M
Lepomis macrochirus
Rainbow trout, - FT,M
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Striped bass, S,U
Morone saxatilis
Adjusted
Hardness Acute Acute
(mg/L as Value ' Value
CaCOj) (ug/L). (ug/L)** Reference
240 23 5.2. Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
240 41 9.4 Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
240 31 7.1 Elnabarawy
. • et al. 1986
50 1290 1290 Martin and
Holdich 1986
' \ ' •'••'.' '
17 >2600 >7184 Harrison
' . et al. 1984 -
44 739 834 Kosalwat and
Knight 1987
43.9 -, 96 109 Spehar and
' , Fiandt 1986
31.2 340 530*** Bailey et
al. 1985
31.2 550 858 Bailey et
at.' 1985
9.2 '2.8 14 Cusimano and
- ' Brakke 1986
285' 270 ' 52 Palawski
et al. 1985
*   S s static, FT 3 flow-through, U = unmeasured, M>=. measured.
**  Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using the slope of 0.9422.
*** Not used in. the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
    this species from a "FT,MH test.
                                     E-3

-------
Table E2.  New Chronic  Values for Copper
Species
Test*
Acute     Chronic  ,   Acute- •   .-        •
Value      Value,      Chronic           : -
(ug/L)     , (ug/L)      Ratio   ''Reference
Fathead minnow,
Pirtiephal'es promelas "
 ELS
  96
6.2
                                 1,5 . 48     Spehar and
                                        •..  Fiandt'1986
*  ELS = .early life stage/
                                      E-4

-------
Table E3.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Copper
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean
 Acute Value
   (ug/L)**
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
    Ratio
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31 '
30
29
28
10240
> 7184
6200
4600
4305
1990
1877
1397
1290
1057
900
790.6
684.3
331.8
289
;ป
"242.7
Stonefly,
Acroneuria lycorias
Asiatic clam,
Corbicula raanilensis
Caddis fly,
Unidentified sp.
Damselfly,
Unidentified sp.
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata
Crayfish,
Procambarus clarkii
Snail,
Campeloma decisum
•' , ซ
Crayfish,
Orconectes rusticiis
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Snail,
Amnicola sp.
Banded killifish,
Fundulus diaphanus
Mozambique tilapia
Tilapia mossambica.
Striped shiner,
Notropis chrysocephalus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratua
Worm.
10240 ' 	
> 7184 _
6200 • 	
4600 - -
4305 	 	
1990 -
1877 156.2***
L f
1397 _ _ _
1290 	 -
640 9 - —
- 1742 37.96***
900 	 -
790 6 - -
S84 3 -
331 o 	
289 	 	 .
74?. 7 _ _•
                   Lumbriculus variegatus
                                     E-5

-------
Table E3.  (Cent.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)**
Species
  Species Mean   Species Mean  ,
.'  Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
      (ug/L)**        Ratio
27 - .
26


25 '
•24
23

22
21
20
19
18' '
17
16
196.1 Mosquitofish,
Gambusia affinis „ :
170.2- Midge, '
Chironomus tentans .
1 Midge,
Chironomus decorus
Midge,
Chironomus spV '
.166.2 Snail', ' . . '
Goniobasis livescens
156.8 Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio . .
141.2 , Rainbow- darter •--
Btheostpma caeruleum
• • ** •
Orangethroat darter,
Etheostoma spectabile
• % - *
135 Bryozoan,
Pectinatella magnifica
133 . Chiselmouth, '•
...'-•"-. Acrocheilus alutaceus •
110.4 Brook trout, . . '
Salvelinuai fontinalis
109.9 Atlantic salmon, " ' -
Salmo salar
97 . 9 Bluntnose minnow,
Pimephales notatus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas .
•9 0 Wo rm,
, Nais sp.
- 86.67 R1 aclfnosfป riar?(ป.
19g j_ 	 ._.
197 - - -
834 " - ' —
30 	 	 ,
Igg 2 - 	
156 3 	
86 67 — 	
230 2 - 	
135 - -
T "^^ *
110.4 7.776***
109 9 ' - 	
72.16 26.36***
132.9 , 11.20***
90 -
' Rfi f.1 _
                    Rhinichthys atratulus
                                     E-6

-------
Table E3.   (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*      (ug/L)**
              Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
 Acute Value .  Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)**        Ratio
 15


 14


 13


 12
 11
 10
83.97   Creek chub,
        Semotilus atromaculatus

83      Guppy,
       .Poecilia reticulata

78.55   Central stoneroller,
        Campostoraa anomalum

73.99   Coho salmon,
        Oncorhynchus kisutch

        Sockeye salmon,
        Oncorhynchus nerka

        Cutthroat trout,
        Oncorhynchus clarki

        Chinook salmon,
        Oncorhynchus tshawytscha.

        Rainbow trout,
        Oncorhynchus mykiss

69.81   Brown bullhead,
        Ictalurus nebulosiis

56.21   Snail,
        Gyraulus circumstriatus-
                       •
53.08   Worm,
        Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri

52-—    White perch,
        Morone americanus

        Striped bass,
        Morone saxatilis

39.33   Snail,
        Physa heterostropha ,

        Snail,
        Physa integra

37.05   Bryozoan,
       - Lophopodella carteri

37.05   Bryozoan,
        Plumatella emarginata
      83.97


      83


      78.55


      87.1


     233.8


      66.26


      42.26


      38.89


      69.81


      56.21


      53.08


    586"0


      52	


      35.91


      43.07


      37.05


      37.05
                                                                > 4.473***
                                                                  3.585***
                                      E-7

-------
            (Cont.)
Rank*
4
•'3
2

i

Genus Mean ' S
Acute Value •
,(ug/L)** Species ,
22.09 'Amphipod/
Gamma rus pseudolimnaeus
Ptychocheilus oregonensis • .
14.48 Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna '
Daphnia pulex .
Daphnia pulicari.a
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Ipecies Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
22.09 3.297
' f ''' ' N
1 fi *7 4 — — —
19,88 2.418
i ฃ .^ ••-— -i ' —
10.3 	 % - .
9? fit '—— —
9Q9 ' ____

*   Ranked  from moat  resistant  to  most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
    Value.            /
**  At hardness =  50  mg/L.           ,
*** Not used  in the calculation of the Final  Acute-Chronic Ratio.
~   This GMAV was  not, set  equal to the lowest SMAV because the species was
    not identified arid  so  might have been c,  tentans  or C.  decorus.
T~  This GMA.V was  set equal  to  the lower SMAV due to  the large range in the
    SMAVs in  this  genus.   '.       ' . '                         .  , y   •
	 This SMAV was  based on the  results reported by Palawaki et al.  (1985)
    because they were considered better data  than those given in U.S.  EPA
     (1985)',, although  the data reported by Hughes (1973)  supported  the newer
    data.      ' •   • ,        - '          •       . ,           ••„',.
At hardness = 50• mg/L:

             FAV '- 14.57 ug/L

             CMC =ป FAV/2 ป 7.285-ug/L

As a function of hardness:                   .

                              0.9422(In hardness) -1.700
                       CMC = e
FACR = 2.823   .

At hardness =50 mg/L:
                                      E-8

-------
             FCV = FAV/FACR = (14.57 ug/L)V (2.823)  = 5.161 ug/L = CCCV



As a function of  hardness:                     ,



                              0.8545(In hardness) '- 1.702
                      CCC  = e
                                      E-9

-------
. References .  .      • •'  \     ;  '•'• '      •      '  ' '-' ,--•-..-.'.     • .

• Bailey,  H.C',,  D.H.-W. .Liu,  and H.A. Javitz.  1985.  Time/Toxicity
 .'Relationships  in Short-Term Static,  -Dynamic', ahd^ Plug-Flow  '.'.-.  '
 Bioassays.   In:  Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: Eighth
 Symposium.-   Banner,  R.C.,  and D.J. Hansen, -Eds.,', ASTM STP 981.
 American Society for Testing arid Materials,  Phildelphia, PA.  -pp
 193-212.     -  ',       •     *• • .-..''      . , '"  •'.."•',.   ,  .   .    .:

 Cusimano, R.F.,  and D.F.  Brakke.  1986.";. Effects of pH on the
 .Toxicities of .Cadmium/  Copper,  and Zinc to Steelhead Trout -(.Salmo
 gairdneri).  Can.  J.  Fish.  Aquat. Sci.  43:1497-1503.

 . Elnabarawy,  M.T.,  A.N.\ Welter,  and R
-------
                         •  1995 UPDATE:               :
          "-•Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion  for Cyanide  '


No new acceptable acute or chronic data were found  for cyanide.
Therefore, the data in the existing criteria document"for cyanide
(U.S. EPA 1985) were used as the basis for the derivation of this
criterion.  The new taxonomy for salmonids was used (Table Fl),
but this did not cause a change in the criterion for cyanide.
Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)    '

The Final Acute Value  (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table Fl, resulting in a FAV'Of
45.77 ug/L.  Because the SMAV of the commercially and
recreationally important rainbow trout-was 44.73 ug/L, the FAV
was lowered to 44.73' ug/L.  The CMC was calculated by dividing
the FAV by 2, resulting'in a CMC of 22.36 ug free cyanide  (as
CN)/L.                                       '             :   V "  -


Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC) ,

Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic'Ratio  (FACR).  Five
SMACRs are available  (Table Fl), but one was a high SMACR that
was obtained with a resistan-t species; the, other four were' within
a factor of 1.5.  The  FACR was calculated as the geometric mean
of these four and was  8.568.  The FCV = FAV/FACR =  (44.73
ug/L)/(8-.568) = 5.221-  ug/L.  This value does not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species.  The CCC was  5*221 ug free cyanide,  (as CN)/L.


The Criterion                                 .,'.-.

The procedures described  in the methodology  indicate that, except
possibly where a locally  important•species  is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be  affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration .Of  free cyanide  (as CN)
does not exceed 5.221  ug/L more  than once every three years on
the average and if the one-hour  average concentration do.es not
exceed 22.36 ug/L more than once every  three years on the
average..,
                                F-l

-------
"''-. ' . ". - ' ' • • . ''.-.'-•• ; .''•••• •- . ' '*"
>; . -Table Fl. .Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Cyanide'' '• ' -'.'' . '•
,."••.-,• ..-•.'• ' ' •
Genus Mean ' • ' • " '
• ' Acute Value - • ; " ' ' x '• Species Mean Species Mean
Rank* (Ug/L) . Species Acute Value Acute-Chronic
•-'•'.• - ' - - - ' - ." ' . .:•••- (ug/L) Ratio
. 'l6' ' ' '• 2490
!5 ' 2326
. !4 432
13 426
12 318
; : n": 167 '.
10.,. • 147
9 125.1
8 123.6
7 ' 102
6 . ' 102
-'"-(. '
5 99.28
. 4 92.64
3 90. 00
2 , 85.80
1 * 44.73
.Midge/ • .•'• .
Tanytarsus dissimilis '
• Isopod,
Asellus communis : '
• Snail,
Physa heterostropha . '
Stonefly, .
Pteronarcys dorsata
Goldfish,. • • , ; '
Carassius. auratus
Amphipod, ••'•-'
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
Fathead minnow,
. Pimephales^romelas
Cladoceran, •
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
Black crappie,
Pomoxis nigromaculatus :
, Blijegiil, "
Lepomi.s macroch.irus " '
Yellow perth,
Perca flavescens
Atlantic salmon, ' . .
„ Salmo-salar
Brook trout>
Salvelinus, fontinalis •
Rainbow trout '•'•••
2490 1_ ' ••••..'•
•••-•'.--,• . *
2326 . 68.29** ' "
432 ..
'426 	 ,
318 •'___'.'-
167 9.111
. ''147 ''-<..__
• 125,1 -. 7.633
; 160 	
95.55 ' 	
102 _ •
102 	 	
• .'99.28. . , 7.316
92 . 64 _ _ " •
90.00 	 	 •
85.80 •:-. -10^59
44.73 	 	
"F-2

-------
*  Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
   Value.
** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
            Calculated  FAV =  45.77 ug/L

            Lowered to  protect  rainbow trout:

                 FAV =  44.73  ug/L

            CMC ป FAV/2 = 22.36 ug/L

            FACR'= 8.568 '

            FCV = FAV/FACR =  (44.73 ug/L)/(8.568) =5.221 ug/L = CCC
                                     F-3

-------
References
U.S. EPA. " 1985.  Ambient. Water Quality Criteria for Cyanide -
19.84.  EPA 440/5-84-028.   National  Technical Information Service
Springfield, VA.  •              ,          .' ..  '.-   ' •'    :.     .     .'
                               F-4

-------
                           1995 UPDATE:,
          Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Dieldrin '


The new acceptable  acute  data  for dieidrin  are  given  in  Table Gl;
no new acceptable chronic data were  found.  These new data were
used with those given  in  Tables  1 and  2 of  the  criteria  document
for dieidrin  (U.S.  EPA 1980) to,obtain the  values given  in Table
G2.  Although results  from the following publications were used
in U.S. EPA  (1980),  they  were  not considered acceptable  for use
here: Santharam et  al.  (1976), Gaufin  (1965), and Jensen and
Gaufin  (1964).


Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

The Final Acute Value  (FAV) was  calculated  using the  four lowest
Genus Mean'Acute Values given  in Table G2>  resulting  in  a FAV of
0.4749 ug/L.  This  value  did not need  to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species.  The CMC was
calculated by dividing  the FAV by 2, resulting  in a CMC  of 0.2374
ug/L.                                                          .


Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity  data were available to  calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using  the  eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic  data were available to calculate.a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final  Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR).  Two
SMACRs were given in Table G2; a third SMACR of 6.2 was  given in
U.S. EPA. (1980)  for the saltwater mysid.  These three were within
a factor of 1.8.  The  FACR Was calculated'as the geometric mean
of the three SMACRs and was 8.530.   The FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.4749
ug/L) / (8.530.) = 0.0557 ug/L.   This value did not need to be
lowered to protect  a commercially or recreationally important
species.  The CCC was  0.0557 ug/L.1


The Criterion                               ...'••'.-

The procedures described  in the  methodology indicate  that,  except
possibly where a locally  important species  is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic  organisms should  not be  affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration  of dieidrin does not exceed
0.0557 ug/L more than  once every three years on the average and
if the one-hour average concentration  does  not  exceed 0.2374 ug/L
more than" once every three years on  the average.          ,  •


                               G-l'     .         -  .

-------
Table Gl.   New Acute Values for .Dieldrin
Test . ' Acute • " ' :
"''•.,-. Duration Value '•'.'••
Species •' Method* (hrs) • . (ug/L) , Reference ; '
Cladoceran, ' . - •• . • .
Daphriia pulex ' S,M
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex S,U ,
Stonefly, < .
Claassenia sabulosa S,U
. Stonefly,
Pteronarcys calif ornica S,U .
Stonefly,
Pteronarcell.a -badia S,U
Damselfly,
Ischnura verticalis 'S,U
Annelid,
Lumbriculus variegatus FT,M
Rainbow trout,
Oncbrhynchus mykiss S,U
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss ; FT,M
Rainbow trout, ' . ' \.
Oncorhynchus mykiss . ,S,U
Goldfish, • .
Carassius auratus S,U
Fathead minnow,
Pime'phales promclas S, U
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus ; S,U
.Bluegill, ' . •. '
. Lepomis macrochirus ' S,U_
Pumpkinseed, . - • .
Lepomis gibbosus S,U
••'.-.
Cutthroat 'trout,
Oncorhynchus clarki S,U,
48
48
96
96 '
96ซ
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96 '
96
.Daniels and
251 . Allan 1981
' , , \
•. Mayer and
190. . ... Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
. ',0.6; Ellersieck 1986
, Mayer and
0.5 Ellersieck 1986
• . . Mayer and
0.5 ' Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
12 '• ' Ellersieck 1986
i if
Brooke 1993
21.8 • • ,
- Mayer and
1.2** Ellersieck 1986
Shubat and
0.62 Curtis 1986
Van Leeuwen
3** , et al. ,1985
Mayer and
1.8 Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
3.8 Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
3.1 Ellersieck 1986
. Sanders 1972
' ' ..' 7 . - ' • :'•'.' :'
• Cairns and
6.7 - Scheier 1964
Mayer and
6 , Ellersieck 1986
                                     G-2

-------
Table Gl.  (Cont.)


Species " Method*
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus S,U
Largemouth ba'ss,
Micropterus salmoides S,U
Test
Duration
(hrs)
96
96
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
4.5 ' ,
3.5


Reference
Mayer and
Ellersieck
Mayer and
Ellersieck



1986
1986
*  S = static, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured/ M = measured.
** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
   this species from a "FT,M" test.
                                      G-3

-------
Table G2.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values  for  Dieldrin
       Genus Mean
       Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)
            'Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
  (ug/L)          Ratio
 18      740    .  Crayfish,
                  Orconectes nais
                                      740
 17      534      Amphipod,
       ,           Gammarus lacustris

 ;               .  Amphipod,
                 '- Gammarus fasciatus
                                      460
                                      620
 16 -     228    .  Clad'oceran,
    1  •'•'•-     , Daphnia pulek

 15      214      Cladoceran, .
                 . Simocephalus serrulatus

 14       '21.8  -  Annelid, \ '".'••.
        .    .      Lumbriculus variegatus

 13       20      Glass- shrimp        . >
                  Palaemonetes kadiakensis
                                      228
                                      214
                                       21.8
                                       20
 12       17.7    Fathead minnow,
 <    "  •      ,     Pimephales promelas

 11       12      Damselfly,
                  Ischnura vertical-is
 10
8.6    Goldfish,
       Carassius auratus
                                       17.7
                                       12
                                                   8.6
           8.5    Pumpkinseed,
                  Lepomis gibbosus

                  Bluegill,
                  Lepomis macrochirus

                  Green sunfish,
                  Lepomis cyanellus
                     r    '          • -
           5      Isopod,
                  Asellus brevicaudus

           4.5    Channel catfish,,   '„
                  Ictalurus punctatus

           4.5    Guppy,'
              •'."• Poecilia reticulata
                                        6.7
                                       11-. 5
                                        8.1
                                        4.5
                                        4.5
                   9.1
                                      G-4

-------
Table G2.   (Cont.),
       Genus Mean
       Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)
Species
* Speci'es Mean  Species Mean
 Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L).          Ratio
           3.5    Largemouth-bass,
                  Micropterus  salmoides

           0.62** Chinook  salmon,
                  Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

                  Coho salmon,
                  Oncorhynchus kisutch

                  Cutthroat  trout,
                  Oncorhynchus clarki

                  Rainbow  trout,
                  Oncorhynchus mykiss  ,

           0.6    Stonefly,
                  Claassenia sabulosa

           0.5    Stonefly,
                  Pteronarcys  californica

           0.5    Stonefly,
                  Pteronarcella badia
                            3.5
                            6.1
                           10.8
                            0.62
                            0.6
                            -0.5
                            0.5
                    11
*  Ranked  from most  resistant  to  mpst sensitive  based on  Genus Mean Acute
   Value.    '                          .                 .
** The GMAV was  set  equal  to the  lowest SMAV due to  the large range in  the
   SMAVs in this genus.
             FAV = 0.4749 ug/L

             CMC - FAV/2 = 0.2374 ug/L

             FACR - 8.530

             FCV ซ FAV/FACR = (0.4749 ug/L)/(8.530)
                               0.0557,ug/L = CCC
                                      G-5

-------
 References     .           - .   -      .         .'.

 Brooke/ L!"  1993'..  Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Several'   .
 Pesticides to Five Species of Aquatic Organisms.  Report to R.
 Spehar,  U.S. EPA, Duluth, MN.1  31 pp. ,

 Cairns,  J., Jr.,. and A. Scheier.  1964.  .The Effect on the   .   .
 •Sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus, of Chronic Exposure,, to .Lethal and
 Sublethal- Concentrations of. Dieldrin.  Notulae Naturae 310:1-10.

 Daniels, R.E.,'and J.D. Allan.  1981.  Life Table .Evaluation of
 Chronic Exposure to a Pesticide.'  Can. J. Fish. Aquat.; Sci.
 38.:485-494.    '                          '  .  •

 Mayer, F.L., and M.R. Ellersieck. ,,1986.  Manual of Acute   .
 Toxicity:  Interpretation and Data Base for 410 Chemicals .and 6:6.
 Species of Fresh-water Animals.  USDI Publication 160.  Columbia/
 'MO,          '.    ' \     .;          .      ..   ,:."•_.'""•_    ••>

. Sanders,  H.O.  1972.  Toxicity of Some Insecticides to Four
 Species of  Malacostracan Crustaceans.  U.S.  Bureau Sports      •
 Fishery .and Wildlife Tech; Paper 66.   .

 Shubat, P.J.,  and L.R. Curtis.  1986.  Ration and Toxicant
. Preexposure  Influence on Dieldrin Acgumulation by Rainbow Trout
  (Salmo, gairdneri) .  Environ. Tox-icol. Chem.  5:69-77.       .  -   '

 U.S. "EPA.   1980.  Ambient Water Quality Criteria  for       ,
 Aldrin/Diel-drin. EPA-440/5-80-019.  National Technical.
 Information  Service, Springfield, VA.  ;.,..'       ,  .    '  '    •

 Van  Leeuwen, C.J.,  P.S.:  Griffioen, .W.H.A. Vergouw,  and  J.L. Maas-
 Diepeveen.,  1985..  Differences  in  Susceptibility  of Early Life
 Stages  of Rainbow Trout  (Salmo  gairdneri)  to Environmental  •
 Pollutants.  Aquatic Toxicol.  7:59-78.  •- ..'     .           ,
                                 G-6

-------
                           1995 UPDATE:
          •Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Endrin
The new acceptable  acute data  for  endrin  are  given  in  Table-HI;
no new acceptable chronic data were  found.  These new  data  were
used with those given  in Tables  1  and  2 of  the  criteria document
for endrin  (U.S. EPA 1980)  to  obtain the  values given  in Table
H2.  Results in the following'publications  were used in U.S. EPA
(1980) but were not considered acceptable for use here: Katz and
Chadwick  (1961), Naqui and  Ferguson  (1968), Nebeker and Gaufin
(1964), Gaufin et al.  (1965),  Jensen and  Gaufin  (1966),, Post, and
Schroeder (1971), Mount  (1962),  and  Solon (1969)-.
Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

The Final Acute Value  (FAV) was  calculated using the  four-lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given  in Table H2, resulting  in a FAV of
0.1728 ug/L.  This value did not need to be  lowered to protect a.
commercially or recreationally important species..  The CMC was
calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of'0.0864
ug/L.                               .

                                     f
Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity  data were, available to  calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV) using  the  eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final  Acute^Chronic  Ratio  (FACR).  Four
ACRs were given in U.S. EPA  (1980) but the ACR for the fathead
minnow was considered unacceptable for use here.  ACRs of 1.9 and
18 were determined with saltwater species/ whereas an ACR of 3,3
was obtained with a freshwater species  (Table H2); the three were
within a factor of 9.5.  The FACR was calculated as the geometric
mean of the other three and was  4.833.  The  FCV = FAV/FACR =
(0.1728 ug/L) / (4.833) =-'0.0'3575  ug/L.  This  value did not need to
be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species.  The CCC was 0.03575  ug/L.


The Criterion                                    ,

The procedures described in the  methodology  indicate  that, except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should  not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of endrin does  not exceed
0.03575 ug/L more than once every three years on the  average and

                               H-l

-------
if the one-hour average concentration does not' exceed 0/0864 ug/L
more than .once - every three years on_the average.    ' ' .."
                                H-2

-------
      HI.  New Acute Values for Endrin
Species
Method*
  Test    Acute
Duration  Value
 (hrs)     (ug/L)
                               Reference
Cladoceran/
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Annelid,
Lumbriculus variegatus
Snipe fly,
Atherix variegatus
Midge,
Tanytarsus dissimilis ,
Stonefly,
Acroneuria pacifica
Crayfish,
Orconectes immunis
Damselfly,
Ischnura verticalis
Damselfly,
Ischnura verticalis
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
ฃ*
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
S,M
s,u
s,u
FT,M
S,U
S',M
S,U
FT,M
S,U
S,U
FT,U
S,U
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
36
96
48
96
•96
96
96
96
9'6
^
24
4.2
. 59
41
74
160
20
*
30
42.6
4.6
0.84:
> 0.18**
89
2.4
2.1
0.15
0.31
Elnabarawy et al. 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Elnabarawy et al. 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Thurston et al. 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Elnabarawy et al. 1986
Brooke 1993
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Thurston et al. 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Thurston et al. 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and. Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
                                     H-3

-------
Table HI.   (Cont.)
Species
Method*-
  Test    Acute
Duration .Value
 (hrs)    (ug/L)
Reference

Black bullhead, /
Ictalurus melas. , • S,U "
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus S,U •
Channel 'catfish, ,
Ictalurus 'punctatus S,U
Channel catfish, .
Ictalurus punctatus • FT,M
Rainbow trout, , .
Oncorhynchus mykiss , S,U
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss FT,M
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus ' FT,U-
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus FT,M
Fathead minnow, . : -. '
Pimephales ' promelas S,U
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas . FT,M
Mosquitofish,
Gambusia af finis ' S,U
Mosquitofish, ,
Gambusia af finis FT, M
Carp, ' . ' '•
Cyprinus carpio FT,U.
Blueg'ill,
Lepomis macrbchirus FT,M.
Bullfrog tadpole,
Rana catesbeiana FT,M


'.., 96

-" .96

96

96

96'

96

96

96

96

'. 96

96

96

96

, 96

' 96
V • - . .

•'1.1 ..Mayer and Ellersieck

• 0:32**^ Mayer and Ellersieck

1.1*** Mayer and Ellersieck
- *'••''' .''-•'-'.'
0.42 Thurston et al. 1985

0.75*** Mayer and Ellersieck
• -..''•.''- : ' ' ' .' •' '
0.3 Thurston et al . 1985
'
• 0.44*** Mayer and Ellersieck
* ' '
0.95 Thurston et al. 1985
s • • • "•
1.8*** Mayer and Ellersieck
• -• - . ' • - •
; '0.65 Thurston ' et al. 1985

. 1.1*** Mayer and Ellersieck

0.69 "Thurston et al. .1985

0.32 Mayer and Ellersieck.

0,21 Thurston ,et al. 1985

2.5, Thurston etal. 1985


1986

1986

1986



19'86



1986



1986



1986



1986




,*    FT  =  flow-through,  S = static,  U = unmeasured;  M - measured.
**   Not used in the calculation of the FAV because it. is not appropriate to
     have  ojje of the four lowest GMAVs be a "greater than" value.
***  Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
     this  species from a "FT,M" test.          . '   '        -         '

                                  •-.  H-4  ':    ,      .               J

-------
Table H2.  Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values  for  Endrin
       Genus Mean
       Acute Value'
Rank*    (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
                  Ratio
27
26
25
24

23
22
21
20

19
18
17
16
15
14
64 Mayfly,
Hexagenia bilineata
53 Crayfish,
Orconectes nais
Crayfish,
Orconectes immunis
43 Annelid,
Lumbriculus variegatus
38 Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
34 Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
24 Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
4.6. Snipe fly,
Atherix varieg?fcus
3 . 0 Atnphipod,
Gammarus fasciatus
Ainphipod,
Gapmarus lacustris
2.5 Bullfrog tadpole
Rana catesbeiana
2 . 1 Damsel f ly,
Ischnura verticalis
1 . 6 Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
1.5 Isopod,
Asellus brevicaudus
1 • 3 Glass shrimp,
Palaemonetes kadiakensis
' "* • - .
tS.95 Goldfish.'
64 	
32 	
89 	
43
59- 	
24 	
34 	
24 	 	
46 - 	
X
31 - -
30 - 	
25 	 	
2 1 	 	
1 6 	
15 	 	
13 ' - -
0 . OS - 	
                  Carassius  auratus
                                    H-5

-------
Table H2.    (Cont.)  '
       Genus Mean
       Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/LJ
Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
,•'•  (ug/L;) '         Ratio
| 13, , 0.85 ,
12 0.84
11 0.76
10 0.69
9 ' 0.68 . •

8 '0.57


7 0.54
6 0.49
5" ' ' 0.32 :
4 0.31
3 0.25
• 2 0.21
1 -0.15
Fiagfish, -,' •.. ' ' 0.85 > 3.3 -
Jordanella floridae -,'.'''•' ' '.",'.-
Midge, . . . : ฐ-84
Tanytarsus dis.similis ..•'•' • .
Stonefly, ..•_.,•••• ฐ-76 . . ,
Claassenia sabulosa , ...
Mosquitofish, 0.69
Gambusia af finis .• •• ' ' ' • • ' •
Black bullhead, • ,1.1 • .
Ictalurus melas ... '- ' . .-' , ' .
Channel catfish, - 0.42 ,
Ictalurus punctatus. ' •
Coho salmon, , U.3J.
oncorhynchus kisutch .-
Chinook salmon, . j..<ฃ
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha*
Rainbow trout, . o.J . ,-.;•.
Oncorhynchus mykiss .-
Stonefly, - ' • - .0.54
Pteronarcella 'badia
Fathead minnow, . v.iy
Pimephales promeias • '
Common carp, u.-s^ ,
Cyprinus carpio
••'.-.•-•".' - •• • • ,n TI : • ;• 	 'i
Largemouth bass, , u.ji
Mi'cropterus salmoides
Stonefly, . ฐ-25
Pteronarcys ca'liforriica '
Bluegill, . 0.21 ,
Lepomis macrochirus : , '
Yellow perch, , . u.j.o ,
Perca flavescens .'''.-''•'
  * Ranked ฃ*om most
    Value.
                                       H-6

-------
;FAV = 0.1728. ug/L.




 CMC = FAV/2 = 0.0864 ug/L                 -




 FACR = 4. 833




•FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.1728 ug/L)/(4.833) = 0.03575 ug/L  =  CCC
                         H-7

-------
 References        >-'-...              , -    •     . ''  •   •  ;  • \  ' . .

 Brooke, ,L.~'  1993.   Acute and Chronic/Toxicity of Several         :
 Pesticides to Five Species of Aquatic Organisms,• Report to R.
 Spehar, U.S.  EPA,  Duluth, MN.  31 pp.     •       .'  .        • .  ,"

 Elnabarawy,  M.T./ A.N.  Welter,  and R.R. Robideau.  1986.   ' .'   '
 Relative  Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic
 and Inorganic-Chemicals. . Environ.-Tox'icoi.  Chem. 5:393-398. •

"Mayer,  F.L.,; and M.R. Ellersieck. -1986.   :Manual of Acute
 Toxicity:  Interpretation and Data- Base-for 410 Chemicals and 66,
 Species of Freshwater Animals.   USDI Publication 160.   Columbia,
 MO. •••.""'      .       '-•     •-...,..'.       . ' .    ••'..•
 Thurston, -R.V.,  T.A.  Gilfoil,  E.L.  Meyn,  R.k. Zajdel,  T.I. Aoki
 and G.D.'Veith.   1985.   Comparative Toxicity of Ten Organic
 Chemicals - to  Ten COmmorf Aquatic Species.-, Water Res.    :
 19:1145-1155.             '  '.  .'.'-.,•     •    "    •   ' '•  '•
U.S. EPA.:   1980.   Ambient'Water Quality Criteria for Endrin.
440/5-80-047.   National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.;
EPA
                                H-8

-------
                         .  1995 UPDATE:
          .Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Lindane•


 The  new acceptable acute data for lindane are given in Table  II;
 no new acceptable  chronic  data were found.   These  new data  were
 used with  those  given in Tables 1 and 2  of the criteria document
 for  lindane  (U.S.  EPA 1980)  to obtain the values given in Table
 12.
Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

The  Final Acute Value  (FAV) was  calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute  Values  given  in Table  12, resulting in a FAV of
1.903 ug/L.  This value  did not  need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species.  The CMC was
calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 0.9515
ug/L.                    '                 "              •


Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Three ACRs were given in U.S.  EPA (1980.) but the ACR for the
fathead minnow was considered  unacceptable.for use here.  No new
ACRs were availa'ble and  so a FCV could not be calculated using
either the eight-family  procedure or the FACR procedure.
Therefore, a CCC  could not be  determined.
The Criterion              ,  '   -  ,

The procedures'described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
by acute toxicity if the one-hour average concentration of
lindane does not exceed 0.9515 ug/L more than once every three
years on the average.
                               r-i

-------
•Table^11.  New Acute Values  for Lindane
Test Acute
. Duration. Value
Species Method* , (hrs) , ,' ..(ug/L)
, Cladoceran, v. "
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Amphipod,
Gammarus lacustris'
Snail, .
Lymnaea staghalis
•Stonefly,
Pteronarcys calif ornicus
Stonefly,
Pteronarcys calif ornicus
Damselfly,
Xestes congener
Backswimmer,
Notonecta undulata
Crawling water beetle, .
Peltodytes sp.
Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Lake trout, • • . -
Salvelinus namaycush .-
Lake trout,
Salvelinus namaycush
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
Brown trout, ' . . •,
Salmo trutta
Brown trout, .
Salmo trutta .
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus my kiss
Rainbow trout,
OncorhynchlTs mykiss .
S.,U ( 48' 516 .
S,M 4,8, 1000
• s,U ' ,' 96 8.8'
S,U 96 ' 3.3
S,U 96 • 4.5
S,U 96 " 1
S,U ., 96 20
S,U . ' 96 ' 3
S,U 96 20
S,U -96 j 23
S,U - 96 •' 32 : .
S,U ' 96 24
S',U . ,96 ,• 24
S,U . 96 25 .
FT,U . , . '96 . 22
FT,M ' 96' 22
S,U -96 ' 18**
Reference
Randall
et al. 1979-
Hermens'
et 'al.. 1984
Mayer and
Ellersieck' 1986
Bluzat and
Senge 1979 ;
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986 ,
Federle and
'Collins 1976
Federle and
Collins 1976
Federle and
Collins 1976'
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and ;
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
• Tooby and
Durbin 1975
Mayer and
Ellersieck. 19.86
                                       1-2

-------
Table II.   (Cont).
Species '>
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus

Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Fowlers toad,
Bufo woodhousei fowleri
Western clmrus frog,
Pseudacris triseriata

Method*
s,u
s,u
s,u
FT',M
S,'U
s,u
s , u
s,u
FT,U
FT,U
S,U
s,u
' S,U

s,u
s,u ,
s,u
s,u

Test
Duration
(hrs)
96
96
96
96
96
•96
96\
96
96
96
96
96
96

96
"96
96
. 96
1-3
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
24**
31** •
41**
30
57
56
70
83
23
77
67
86
90

105
49
3200
2650

Reference
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Tooby and
Durbin 1975
Randall
et al. 1979
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck, 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
.Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
" Ellersieck 1986
Macek and
McAllister 1970
5
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986


-------
I* 5 : Sta5ic' FT = flow-through, u =:-unmeasured,'M = measured
** Not used ln th* calculation of the SMAV because data werefvail^  ,
   this species from a "FT,M" test.         •             were available for
                                   1-4

-------
Table 12.  Ranked Genus Mean Acute  Values  for Lindane
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*       (ug/L)
             Soecies
Species Mean   Species Mean
Acute Value  .  Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)          Ratio
 23
3200      Fowlers toad,
          Bufo woodhousi fowle.ri
    3200
 22


 21


 20
 19
2650      Western chorus frog,
          Pseudacris triseriata

 676      Cladoceran,
          Simocephalus serrulatus

 538      Cladoceran,
          Daphnia magna

          Cladoceran,
          Daphnia.pulex       ' ,

 207      Midge,
          Chironomus tentans
    2650
     676
     630
                                                        460
     207
33
63
 '18
 138      Guppy,
          Poecilia reticulata
     138
 17
 117      Goldfish,
          Carassius auratus
     117
 16
 15
 14
 13
  12
  90      Carp,
          Cyprinus carpio

  72      Fathead minnpW,
          Pimephales promelas

  71      Bluegill,
          Lepomis macrochirus

          Redear sunfish,
          Lepomis microiophus

          Green,sunfish,
          Lepomis cyanellus

  55      Channel catfish,
          Ictalurus punctatus

          Black bullhead,
          Ictalurus melas

  40      Yellow perch,
          Perca flavescens
      90
      72
      56
                                                         83
                                                         76
                                                         46
                                                         64
                                                         40
                                      1-5

-------
Table 12. '  (Cont.
Rank"
Genus Mean
Acute Value
  (ug/L-)  •
Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
Acute Value    Acute-Chronic
    (ug/L) i(.      Ratio
 11
             Brook trout,.       •  • .
             Salvelinus  fontinalis
 10'
               35
                  , trout,
          '•  Salvelinus  namaycush

     33  '.   Rainbow  trout,
             Oncorhynchus mykiss

             Coho salmon,
             Oncorhynchus kisu'tch

             'Chinook  salmon,.        '
             Oncorhynchus tsawytscha

     •32      Largemouth  bass,
             Micropterus salmoides

     26.11   Amphipod,      l
             Gammarus fasciatus-

             Amphipod,             '*
             . Gammarus lacustris

     20      Damselfly,  . i
             Lestes' congener

     20      Crawling wa^er beetle,.
             Peltodytes  sp.    . ,'  •
                       Brown trout,
                       Salmo trutta

                       Isopod,
                       Asellus brevicaudus
                3.3    Snail,            .-...'•
                       Lymnaea stagnalis

                3      Backswimmer, •
                       Noton^cta undulata

                2.1    stohefly,
                      , Pteronarcys califo'rnicus.
                               44  •



                               28. :

                               '\ . •

                               26



                               36



                               40



                               32  /'



                               10.49



                               65



                               20



                               20.



                               13  .



                               10



                                 3.3
                                                 2.1
 * Ranked from most resistant  to  most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
  ' Value.'' iff                   '.'.                   -    ••'•..'•'
                                       1-6.

-------
-JftV = 1.903 ug/L




 CMC =• FAV/2 = 0.9515 ug/L
                           1-7

-------
 R-cerences .                    '•.•;'-           '„.,-'

 Bluzat, .R.v.-:-'and X. Senge.   197.9,   Effets  de  Trois  insecticides
 (lindane, Fenthion. and ,carbaryl) :  Toxicite'  aigue  s'ur .gnatre :'' "
 espece d1 irivertebres-. limneques:  Toxicite1 ,chronique chez le
 mollusqiie pulmone1 Lyitmea.' Environ.  Eollut.  18:51-70"."  .  '.,, "

 Federle, P.T., andW.J. Collins.   19,76.   Insecticide To.xicity.to
 Three Insects'from-Ohio Ponds.   Ohio  J. Sci. ''.16:19-24 .
                                       •            '          ' . [
•'Hermensy J.,  H. Canton, M.  Stezger, and R. Wagman.   1984.   Joint
 Effects of a Mixture of'14  Chemicals,  on Mortality and inhibition
 of Reproduction of Daphnia  magna.  Aquatic Toxicol.. 5:315-322.

 Macek) K.J.,  and W.A. McAllister.  1970.  Insecticide-
 Susceptibility-of Some Common Fish.Family Representatives.
 Trans.*Am. Fish. Soc. 99:20-27.    , •  .  .   .

 Mayer, F.L.,  and M.R. Ellersieck;  1986.  Manual of Acute
 Toxicity: Interpretation and Database for, 410 Chemicals  and 66
 Species of Freshwater Animals.   U.S.  Dept. Interior, Fish  arid
 Wildlife Service.   Resource Pub. 160.  Columbia, MO.

 Randall, W.F., W.H. Dennis, and M.C.  Warner.  1979.  ' Acute
 Toxicity of Dechlorinated DDT, Chlordane and Lindane ,to  Bluegill
 (Lepomis macrochirus)  and'Daphnia magna..  Bull. Environ. Contam.
 Toxicol. 31:459-466.                   '                  •

 Tooby,^ T.E.,  and F.J. Durbin/." 1975. - Lindane Residue       :..'•-.
 Accumulation and Elimination in'Rainbow Trout  (Salmb gairdneri
 Richardson) .and Roach.(Rutilus rutilus Lihneaus).   Environ.
 Pollut. 8:79-89.    _             ,                •      .-

 U.S.  EPA.  1980. .Ambient Water Quality Criteria for
 Hexachlorocyclohexane.  EPA 440/5-80-054.- ' National  Technical
 Information Service, Springfield,. .VA.;     " '            '
                                1-8

-------
                         .  1995 UPDATE:
        Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Mercury(II)
The new acceptable acute data for mercury(II) are given in fable
Jl; no new chronic data were used.  These new data were used with
those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for
mercury(II) (U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given in Table
J2.
Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)
The Final Acute Value  (FAV)'was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table J2, resulting in a FAV of
3.388 ug/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species.  The CMC was
calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 1.694
ug/L as total recoverable mercury (II) .      .  '.


Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV) using the eighth-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were,available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR).  ACRs
were given for two freshwater species arid one saltwater species
in U.S. EPA  (1985).  The ACR obtained with-the more resistant
fathead minnow was much higher than the other two..  The ACR '
obtained with the saltwater mysid was 3.095 and was similar to
the Species Mean Acute-Chronic Ratio of 4.498 for Daphnia magna.
The FACR was calculated as  the geometric mean of the two SMACRs
and was 3.731.  The FCV"= FAV/FACR =  (3.388 ug/L)/(3.731) =
0.9081 ug/L.  This value did not need to be'lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species.  The CCC was
0.9081 ug/L as total recoverable mercury(II).

The SMACR of >649.2 for the fathead minnow  (Table J2) was not
used in the calculation of  the FACR because this species is
acutely resistant to mercury(II).  This SMACR is the geometric
mean of >646.2, which  was based on a -life-cycle test, and >652.2,
which was based on an  early life-stage  test.  These two ACRs are
so large that the two  chronic values of <0.26 and <0.23 ug/L are
both lower than the CCC of  0.9081 ug/L.  Because the high SMACR
was.based on two tests with a fish and  the  two low SMACRs,were
obtained*with invertebrates, it  is quite possible that other
fishes have  SMACRs close to 649.2.   The following estimated'•
                                J-l

-------
 chronic .values'were obtained using Species Mean Acute Values from
 Table-'J2  and an estimated .ACR of  649.2:   ..-'   '  .'' " .    •..      '   '

        .Species   -  •    "; Species Mean-    .    .   Estimated    •••:•-•
               .  ".  • ...  .  ,- Acute- Value    .,  '   .Chronic 'Value
      Rainbow trout '    , .   275 'ug/L •  ' '  • ••  '   0.42  ug/L   •  •
      Coho-salmon . .     .    240 ug/L' "'         0.37  ug/L  .       •
      Bluegill ,   '         • 16.0" ug/L  .  ','    ' .-.; 0.25' ug/L  -  ,   '  ::

 All  three of these .estimated-••chronic-'values'are  for  important'
 species and are more .-than a factor of -two lower  than the  FCV.of
 '0.9081  ug/L. - In addition, the SMACR for the fathead minnow is-.
 greater than 649.2.  Thus the CCC of 0.9081 ug/L.might not
 adequately protect such important fi-shes as the  rainbow trout,
 cbho salmon, and bluegill;.'       :•   ''.     '•   '            .


 The  Criterion  '   -     ' -:  •       • :        '••..'

.The  procedures described In the methodology indicate  that, except
 possibly where a locally important species is very "sensitive,
 freshwater  aquatic organisms should not'be"affected  unacceptably
 if the  four-day average concentration of mercury(II)' does not
 exceed  0.9081 ug/L'more than once every three years  on the     ,
 average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed
 1.694 ug/L  more than once every three years on the average.  The
 concentration of 0.9081 ug/L might .not adequately protect such. .
 Important fishes  as the rainbow 'trout,  coho salmp,n/  and .bluegill.
                                J-2

-------
Taole Jl.  New Acute Values  for Mercury(II)
Species Method*
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata S,U
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna, S,U
Cladoceran, •
Daphnia pulex S,U
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis S,U
Midge,
Chironomus riparius s,M
Mosquitofish,
Gambusia af finis S,U
Walking catfish,
Clarias batrachus S,U
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas FT, M
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata - R,U
Acute
Value
(ug/L) •
. 2.9
9.6
'3.8
1.0**
750
230 . .
375
172
26
Reference
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Rossaro
et al. 1986
Paulose 1988
Kirubagaran
and Joy 1988
Spehar and
Fiandt 1986
Khangarot
and Ray 1987
*  S =  static,  R = renewal,  FT = flow-through,  U = unmeasured, M = measured.
** Not  used  in  the derivation of the criterion because the corresponding'48-
   hr LC50 is 470 ug/L,  which is an unusually large decrease in  the  LC50  from
   48 to  96  hours.  •            .
                                      Jr3

-------
Table J2.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute  Values  for Mercu'ry'dl).
         Genus' Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*       (ug/L)
              Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)         Ratio
 29


 28


 27


 26


 25


 24


 23


 22
 21
.20
 19
 18
 17
 15
2000   ' '. Stonef ly,    '    '
          Acroneuria lycorias

2000.      Mayfly?
          Ephemerella subvaria

2000  .  •  Caddisfly,           "
          Hydropsyche betteni •>-

1200     ' Caddisfly,
          (Unidentified)

1200   •   Damselfly,
          (Unidentified) ,

1000      Worm,
          Nais sp.

1000      Mozambique tilapia
          Tilapia mossambica

 406.2    Tubificid worm,
        , Spirosperma ferox"

          Tubificid worm,
          Spirosperma rikolskyi

 375      Walking catfish, ,
     ,'    Clarias batrachus

 370      Snail,
          Aplexa hypnorum
          Coho salmon,
          Oncorhynchus kisutch

          Rainbow trout,
          Oncorhyhchus mykiss

          Tubificid worm,
          Quistadrilus multisetosus
 240      Tubificid worm,
          Rhyacodrilus montana
                      Mosquitofish,
                      Gambusia affinis
 180   .'.  Tubificid worm,        . .
          Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
   2000
   2000
   1200


   1200


,  "1000


   1000


    330


    500'


    375


    370
    250
                                           "203
    180
                                      J-4

-------
Tahve J2.   (Cont.)
Rank*
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
163
160
140
140
122***
100
80
80
50
28
20
10
3.3
2.9
Species
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Tubificid worm,
Tubifex 'tubifex
Tubificid worm,
Stylodrilus heringianus -
Midge,
chironomus sp.
Midge,
Chironomus riparius
Tubificid worm,
Varichaeta pacifica
Tubificid worm,
Branchiura sowerbyi
Snail,
Amnicola sp. - . •
Crayfish,
Orconectes limosus
Guppy,
. Poecilia reticulata
Crayfish,
Faxonella clypeatus
Amphipod,
Gannnarus sp .
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
163 > 649.2**
160
1 Af\ _ 	 	
i an _____
9(1 __
TSrt _ — —
1 (\C\ ____
sn _____

sn _____
28 	
^u
1U
3.7 4.498
. y
2.9 --—'-•
                       Ceriodaphnia  reticulata
                                      J-5

-------
 *  '  Value^ frฐm mฐSt resistant'to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute

 II* -JS*  U™,ln the calculatiฐn of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.  > '
 ***  This GMAV was not set equal to the lowest SMAV because' the species was
     not  identified and so might hav.e been c. riparius.         species was



             FAV = 3,388 ug/L                             '

            'CMC = FAV/2' = 1.69.4 ug/L          .'               '  '.

          .   FACR = 3.731                     ,  ,


             FCV =FAV/FACR =.(3.388, ug/L)/(3.731)  =0.9081 ug/L = CCC
                  '                                        "'
tnl rainbowฐ;rout ^h ^ M ^^^ Pปtซct  such important  fishes -as
cne rainbow trout, coho salmon, and bluegill  (see above).          •
                                     J-6

-------
References^            .
          *ป
Elnabarawy, M.T., A.M.- Welter, and R.-R. Robideau.   1986.
Relative Sensitivity  of Three Daphnid Species  to Selected Organic
and Inorganic Chemicals.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-3"98.

Khangarot, B.'S., and  P.K. Ray.   1987.  Studies on the Acute
Toxicity of Copper and Mercury Alone and in Combination to the
Common Guppy/ Poecilia reticulata  (Peters).  Arch.  Hydrobiol.
110:303-314.

Kirubagaran, R., and  K.P. Joy.   1988.  Toxic Effects of Three
Mercurial Compounds on Survival  and Histology of- the Kidney of
the Catfish Clarias batrachus (L.).  Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety
15:171-179.           •'             --,      .             .

Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich.'  1986.  The'Acute Lethality of
Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular Reference
to Fresh-Water Asellids and Gammarids).  Water Res. 20:1137-1147.

Paulose, P.V.  1988.  Comparative Study of Inorganic and Organic"
Mercury P6isoning on  Selected Freshwater Organisms.  J. Environ.
Biol. 9:203-206.

Rossaro, B., G.F. Gaggino, and R. Matfchetti.  1986.  Accumulation
of Mercury in Larvae  and Adults, Chironomus riparius (Meigen).
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.  37:402-406.

Spehar, R.L., and J.T. Fiandt.   1986.  Acute and Chronic Effects
of Water Quality Criteria-Based  Metal Mixtures on Three Aquatic
Species.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:917-931.

U.S. EPA.  1985.  Ambient Water-Quality Criteria for Mercury -
1984.  EPA 440/5-84-026.  National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.                                           .    .
                                J-7

-------
                            1995,UPDATE: /       -'.  •   •  '•'",•''..
   ,  .      -'--Freshwater Aquatic .Life Criterion  for Nickel


 -The new acceptable  acute data: for nickel  are-given, in Table Kl;
 no new acceptable chronic/data were  found.   These data.were used
 with-those: given in Tables  1  and  2 of'.the' criteria document for
.nickel  (U.S.  EPA 1986)  to 'obtain  the value's; given in Table K2.
•'Some of the SMAVs in Table  K2 differ, from those given in-Table 3
 'in U.S. EPA .(1986)  because  preference was given to '"FT,M" tests
 .in Table K2.  Because the toxicity of nickel is-hardness- \ • '  "'
 dependent,  all  acute, values in Table K2 have been adjusted to  a
 hardness of 50. mg/L.  •               ,     ;  '     ''-'-.'
 Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)

 The Final Acute Value  (FAV)  was calculated using the four lowest
 Genus Mean Acute Values  in  Table K2,  resulting in an FAV of 522
 ug/L at a hardness of  50 mg/L.   This  value did. not need to be
 lowered to protect a commercially or  recreationally important   .
 species.  The CMC was  calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
 resulting in a CMC of  -261 -ug/L,  as total  recoverable nickel,  at a
 hardness of 50 mg/L.   The CMC was related to hardness using the
 'slope-of .0.846 that was derived in UrS. EPA (1.986):'

                 CMC =   ฐ-.846 (In hardness) +2.2-55     •-.'•  '    .  .
 Criterion Continuous, Concentration  (CCC)'

 Insufficient chronic toxicity  data  were.- available  to  calculate  a
 Final Chronic Value  (FCV) using  the eight-family procedure..
 Sufficient chronic data were available  to-calculate a FCV by  •
 dividing the FAV by  the Final  Acute-Chronic  Ratio  (FACR).   SMACRs
 were available for two freshwater species and .one  saltwater
 species  (U.S. EPA 1986).  The  saltwater ACR  was 5.478 and the  ;
 three are within a factor of 6.5.   The  FACR  was calculated as  the
 geometric mean of the three ACRs'and'was  17.99.  The  FCV =
 FAV/FACR -  (522 ug/L)/(17.99)  -  29.02 ug/L at  a hardness of 50
 mg/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect' a    '  • •
 commercially or recreationally important  species.  Thus the CCC
 was 29,02 ug/L, as total recoverable nickel, at a  hardness -of  5.0
 mg/L.  The CCC was related to  hardness  using the slope of 0.846:

         *'             0:846 (In  hardness) + 0.0584
     . ,        .   ccc = e       .                    ••••':''•'•

  .    ".'''.-     :• •  :      .-     K-l    '".•.   " '    .•-.':

-------
The Criterion

The procedures described in the methodology indicate that/ except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of nickel does not exceed
the numerical value  (in ug/L) given by the equation

                       0.846(In hardness)  +0.0584
                CCC = e                                   .,
                     /-
more than once- every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical
value  (in ug/L)  given by the equation

                       0.846 ( In hardness)  +2.255
                CMC = e

more, than once every three years on the average.
                                K-2

-------
Tahle Kit-  New Acute Values' for Nickel
                                                      Adjusted
.- - • , ,."••'
Species ' , Method*
Snail, , . , ' ; FT,U ' .
Physa gyrina
Amphipod, S,U
Crahgonyx pseu'dogracilis
Midge, (1st instar) , S,U
Chironomus riparis -
'Midge, (1st instar } S,U
Chironomus riparis '
• Midge, (1st instar) '. S,U
. Chironomus riparis
-Midge, (2nd instar) ซ S,U
Chironomus riparis*** ,
Midge, (2nd instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis***
Midge, (2nd instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis***
. Hardness
(mg/L as
CaC03)
'. 26
•, 50
'" 55 - - . .
55
55- -
55
55
55
• _ Acute
Value '
(ug/L)
239
66,100
72,400
81,300
84,900
184, 000
150,000
*
174, 000
Acute
Value
(ug/L) **
416
66, 100 ,
66,791
75,002 '
78,323
169,746
138,380
160,521
\
Reference
Nebeker
. et al.' 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
. Powlesland and
George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986,
Powlesland and
George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986
Powlesland and
.George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986
*   S ='static, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured.
**  Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a slope of 0.846.
*** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for a
    more sensitive life stage.       .                         .
                                      K-3

-------
Table K2.   Ranked Genus"Mean Acute Values for Nickel
Rank*

21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

9
8
7
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)**

73208
66100
43250
40460
30200
21320
21200
14100
13380
13000
12770
12756

12180
9839
9661
Species

Midge, •
Chironomus riparis
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Banded killifish,
Fundulus diaphanus
Stonefly,
Acroneuria lycorias -
Caddis fly
Unidentified sp.
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Dams el fly,
Unidentified sp.
Worm,
Nais sp.
Rainbow trout,
ohcorhynchus -nykiss
Amphipod,
Gammarus sp.
Snail,
Amnicola sp.
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata
Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Guppy,
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)**
•7 -5 o n a
/ JZUo
CCT n f\ -
bb 1U u
43250
4
40460
T no r\n
o U4 vU
21320
21200
14100
13380
13000
1 O *7 *7 f\
Lฃ. I f U
" T C A A
7544
21570
12180
9839
9661
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
Ratio



	 _ _
•

	 ; 	
. — — — — —
	 	 — — —
___——



— — — — —
ซ~ <^ ^^~ "•
_^ซ_^ ,
	
                       Poecilia reticulata
                                      K-4

-------
'Table K2.   (Cont.)
          Genus Mean
          Acute Value
•Rank*  '  .  (ug/L)>*
'Species
Species Mean   Species 'Mean
Acute Value    Acute-Chronic
,  (ug/L)**         Ratio
6 . 8697 White perch, '
. . ' • , Morone americana ' '
Striped bass,
' ' Morone saxatilis
5 6707 Fathead minnow,
iPimephales promelas
4 • 4636 ' Mayfly,
Ephemerella subvaria
3 4312 Rock bass, • •
' • • " • Ambloplites .rupestris •
2 1500 Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulicaria
Cladoceran,
. Daphnia magna
1 • 416 ' Snail, *'
Physa gyrina '
12790 - 	 '—
5914 	 	
6707 35.58
4335 , 	
4312 	 ; 	
2042 — — 	
1102. , 29.86
41S' " : 	

*  Ranked from most resistant to roost sensitive based  on Genus Mean Acute
   'Value. ,   .    .    - ;      '•-..•     .•;''•    .••.'-':-.'-•'
** At hardness = 50 mg/L.      •    " •'      •        •             -  . '•  •


At hardness  =  50.mg/L:                     .           <                 •

         FAV  =  522 ug/L .   '             .            • .                       ,

         CMC  *  FAV/2 =• 261 ug/L              '  '  ;

As a function  of hardness:       -                           ,.,'' :  '.''.•
               ,          ~  '    0.846 (In hardness) -t-2.255    ;
             , ' .   "•   CMC =. e        ' •         '   i   . (.  •.           ••    •   •

FACR =17.99           -   . .               •     '-•''."  ;           ;

At hardness  =ป  50 mg/L:.    ,                                            .

      ,   FCV  =  FAV/?ACR =  (522 ug/L)/(17.99) = 29.02  ug/L"=  CCC

As a function  of hardness:     •
                       CCC = e
                              .0.846 (In hardness)  +-0.0584
                                      K-5

-------
References

Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich.   1986.  The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans  (with Particular
Reference to Fresh-water Asellids and Gammarids).  Water Res.
20:1137-1147.

Nebeker, A.V., A. Stinchfield, C. Savonen, and G.A. Chapman.
1986.  Effects of Copper, Nickel, and Zinc on Three Species of
Oregon Freshwater Snails.  Environ, toxicbl. Chem. 5:807-811

Powlesland, C., and J. George.  1986.  Acute and Chronic Toxicity
of Nickel to Larvae of Chironomus riparis  (Meigan).'  Environ.
Poll.,  (Series A) . 42:47-64.         .

U.S. EPA.  1987.  Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Nickel.  EPA 440/5-86-004.'  National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA.
                                K-6

-------
                    . "   '••.   1995 UPDATE:  ••.    •.-".'•'.
           F.re,shwater Aquatic  Life  Criterion for' Parathion,


 No new acceptable .acute  or chronic data for para thion were found
 Therefore, the data given in Tables 1  and  2 of the criteria
                           S   EPA  1985^  ^ -ed to obtain the
 Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)            >

',Sฐ** ฐf the Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table  3 oVu.S.  EPA''
 (1985)  were changed because of the new. taxonomy  for salmonids and
 because only one value was' calculated  for the genus Chironomus;
 "ฃ?.? Chan9es did • not affect the FAV.  The Final Acute Value   •
 (FAV) was. calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean- Acute '
 Values  given in Table LI, resulting in a FAV of  0.1299 ug/L
 This -value. did not need to be-. lowered to protect a  commercially
 or recreational! y important species.  The CMC was calculated  bv
 dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 0.06495 ug/L       '-


 Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)              ,
 Fnrhnn/n      data wฎ" ^^ilable to, calculate a"
 Final  Chronic Value (FCV)  .using, the .eight- family procedure.
 Sufficient .chronic data were available to calculate a FCV. by
 dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR) .  Three
 Species  Mean. ACRs were available {table ' LI)'.  The. ACRs obtained.
   H? 5?   resistant fishes  were much, higher than that obtained
 with the sensitive cladoceran, - To make the FACR .appropriate for
 sensitive. species,  it  was  set equal to the ACR of 10.10 obtained
 -  n m?L   ?ฐCeran- '  ThS  FCV = FAV/ FACR = (0.1299 Ug/L) / (10 .10)
 -  0.01286_ug/L.   This  value did not need to be lowered to protect
       rฐla   y ฐr recceationally important species.   The CCC was
         ug/L. •."...,'.    .'•'••.'-
The Criterion
The procedures  described in the methodology indicate that,  except
possibly where  a  locally important species  is  very sensitive*,
freshwater aquatic  organisms should not be  affected unacceptable
if the four-day average  concentration of para thipn .does  not
exceed 0;. 01286  ug/L more than once every three years on  the
        an
-------
Table LI.  Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values  for  Parathion
         Genus Mean
         'Acute Value
Rank*       (ug/L)'
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
   (ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
    Ratio
31
30
29
28
27

26
25

24
23
22
21
20
19
18
5,230
5,230
2,650
2,223
1,838

1,510
1,486

1,130
' 1,000
839.6
688.7
620
i?n
* <-?ซin
Tubificid worm,.
. Tubifex sp.
Tubificid worm,
Limnodrilus sp ,
Channel catfish,
' Ictalurua punctatus
Goldfish,
Car'assius auratus
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Lake trout
Salvelinus namaycush
Brown trout,
. Salmo trutta
' ซ
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhynchus clarki
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus gairdneri
Isopod,
Asellus brevicaudua
Western chorus frog,
Pseudacris triseriata
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Greftn stin^l^h
Lepomis cyanellus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
T.a fa AmrMifh Ha^<3 '
Micropterus salmoides
Gambusia af finis
("*ป-at/-Fi aVi
5,230 	
5 230 - 	
2 650 - -
2 223 '* 	
1 760 	
1 920' 	 	
1 sin 	
1 560 - -
1 41 ** —_
1 13Q _ 	
1 000 	
839.6 79.45**
Q^n _ _
510 2121**
ฃon 	
OO rt. _
s?*n _ 	
                       Procambarus sp.

                                    L-2

-------
,Table  LI.   (Cont.)
          Genus Mean
          Acute Value
Rank*       (ug/L).
Species
Species Mean    Species  Mean
Acute Value     Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)           Ratio
17
16
15
14 '
13 • '
12
11
10
9
8

7
g

•?,
— — 	 . 	 — 	 — . 	 -_ — , 	 	 . 	
56 GUDDV.
"••••. : . Poecilia reticulata
• 15 Mayfly,
. Hexagenia bilineata
7.0 Beetle,
• , ; Peltodytes spp.
• \ >
5. '4 Stohefly,
Pteronarcys calif ornica/
4.2 Stohefly,
Pteronarcella 'badia
3.0 Damselfly, -
Lestes congener,
' 2.9 ' Stonef ly,
, Acroneuria paciflca
' 2.739 Prawn,
Palaembnetes kadiakensis
2.227 Mayfly,
, Cloeon "dipterum
1.697*** Midge, '
Chironomus tentans
Midge
Chironomus riparius •
Claassenia sabulosa
Gammafus fasciatus
, Gammarus lacustris
D SQdd , Phan*-nm m-i Ana'
5S 	
15 	 	
7 0 , . 	 	
54 	 	 	
4-2 - 	
30 	
29 - 	 	
2 73Q 	 	
2 227 - 	
31 ' 	

15 	
07K7H — — —
3^ ' • _— _
rป sQdd _: 	
                            Chaoborua sp.
                                     L-3

-------
Table  LI.   (Cont.)
Rank*
Genus Mean
Acute Value
  (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
Acute Value    Acute-Chronic
   ,(ug/L)          Ratio
             0.7746
             0.64
             0.47
             0.04
                   Cladoceran,                i.o
                   Daphnia magna

                   Cladoceran,              .0.60
                   Daphnia pulex

                   Damself ly,.                 o . 64
                   Ischnura verticalis.

                   Cladoceran,                0.47
                   Simocephalus  serrulatus.

                   Crayfish,           .       0.04
                   Orconectes nais     .  •  •
                                                                  10.10
*   Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive'based on- Genus Mean Acute
    Value.
**  Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
*** This GMAV was set equal to the lower SMAV due to the  large range in the
    SMAVs in this genus.
            FAV =  0.1299  ug/L

            CMC =  FAV/2 = 0.06495  ugVL    ,

            FACR =10.10

            FCV ป  FAV/FACR =  (0.1299  ug/L)/(10.10)  =  0.01286  ug/L =  CCC
                                     L-4

-------
References
Information Service,
                                ,  VA.
                                               Technical
                                                              for
                             L-5

-------
                            1995 UPDATE:.
      Freshwater Aquatic Life Criterion for Pentachlorophenol


 No new acceptable acute or chronic data for pentachlorophenol
 were found.  Therefore, the data given in Tables'1 and 2 of the
 criteria document for pentachlorophenol (U.S. EPA 1986)  were used
 to obtain the values given in Table Ml.  Because the toxicity of
 pentachlorophenol is pH-dependent,  all acute values in Table Ml
 have been'adjusted to a pH of 6.5.


 Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)

 Some of the Genus Mean Acute. Values given  in Table 3 of  U.S.  EPA
 (1985)  were changed because of the  new taxonomy for salmonids and
 because the values for Jordanella  floridae and Rana catesbeiana
 had been incorrectly adjusted to a  pH  of 6.5  and because the  SMAV
 for Ganmarus. pseudolimnaeus had been calculated incorrectly.   The
 Final Acute Value (FAV)  was calculated using  the four lowest
 Genus Mean  Acute Values given in Table Ml,  resulting in'a FAV of -
 10.56 ug/L  at a  pH of 6.5.   This value did not need to be lowered
 to  protect  a commercially or recreationally important species.
 The CMC was calculated, by dividing  the FAV by 2, resulting in a
 CMC of  5.28 ug/L at  a pH of 6.5.  The  CMC  was related to  pH using
 the slope of 1.005 that was derived in U.S. EPA (1986):
Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR).  Six
Species Mean ACRs were available  (Table Ml), but two of them were
"greater than" values.  The range of the other four was less than
a factor of 6.  The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of
the four similar SMACRs and was 2.608.  The FCV = FAV/FACR =
(10.56 ug/L)/(2.608) = 4.049 ug/L at a pH of 6.5.  This value did
not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or
recreationally important species.  The CCC was 4.049 ug/L at a pH
of 6.5.  The CCC was related to pH using the slope of 1.005:

                    '_       1.005(pH) - 5.134
         ป          ccc = e
                               M-l

-------
The Criterion,  '      ,   ••          .           .  '•  •"     ;    .    ' .

The procedures  described in the methodology indicate that,  except • --•
pdssibly where  a  locally important-: species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic-organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average  concentration of pentachlorophenol  does
not exceed the  numerical value  (in ug/L)  given by the equation

  -..    . .                     1..005 (pH)  - 5.134
      -_•.-.:..       ccc = e  -

more than,,once  every  three  years on  the average and If the         .'
one-hour average  concentration  does  not exceed the numerical         .'
value,(in ug/L) given by the equation    /   '                     •

   '        -'•",'•'    ••••'•   1.005 (pH)  - 4.869            ,'
                   •  CMC = e-- •          - •  .  •       .•-••'•-

more than once  every  three  years on'the average.
                               M-2

-------
Table Ml.  Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values  for Pentachlorophenol
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*      (ug/L)**
              Species
                                      Species Mean  Species Mean
                                      Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
                                         (ug/L)**        Ratio
 32
 31
 28
 26
 25
 23
 22
 21
 20
  19
  18
11260
           10610
             417.7
  408.1
             403.;
  361.i
  317.5
224.2


195.4


182.5


172.1


155.9


132.1
         Crayfish,
         Orconectes immunis

         Midge,
         Tanytarsus dissimilis

         Sciomyzid,
         Sepedon fuscipennis

         Tubificid worm,
         Rhyacodrilus montana

         Tubificid worm,
         Stylodrilus heringianus
Gilila altilis

Tubificid worm,
Spirosperma ferox
                      '.
Tubificid worm,
Spirosperma nikoiskyl

Tubificid worm,
Quistadrilus multisetosus

'Flagfish,
Jordanella floridae

Tubificid worm,
Tubifex tubifex

Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata

Tubificid worm,
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri

Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis

Tubificid worm,
Branchiura sowerbyi

Snail,
Physa  gyrina
                               11260
                                          10610
                                            417.'
                                                           .8
                                          317.;
                                                           .7
                                                        224.2
                                                        195.4
                                                        172.1
                                                        155.9
                                                        132.1
                                                        >10.27***
                                      M-3

-------
Table Ml.   (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
      ' .  Acute Value
Rank*.  '   (ug/L)**
Species.
Species Mean  Species.Mean*
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic'
   (ug/L) *.*        Ratio
17
16
'15
14
13
12
11
10
9
v'
8
7
g
5
A
105. 0-
91. 48
87 48
78 . 10
67.13
65.53
63.11
60.50
60 . 43
58.47
57.72
, 56 41
, , 34 13'
33. "51
. . . • . i > •
Largemouth bass, 105 0 - 	 —
Micropte.rus salmoides ,
AimDhiDOd, - • QT 4ft ' ' _ _
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus '
Ainphipod, • - 87 48
Hyalella azteca . - '
Cladoceran, ' 90 83 ฐ — —
, Daphnia pulex . , ••
Cladpceran, 67.15 ' ' 2.5 '
' Daphnia magna ' . '• . ;
Cladpceran, . 67.13 >15.79***
Ceripdaphnia reticu'lata ;
Goldfish, '••" 65 53 ' ~
Carassiua auratiis , •. r
Fathead minhow, - 63.11 ^ 4. '535
.Pimephales promelas '''•,"••
Mosquitof ish, 60 50 • ~—
Gambusia af finis . : •
Snail, 60 43 —
Aplexa hyphorum
Tubificid worn,' 58 47 — — -*
.Varichaeta pacifica . "
Cladoceran, , 57.72 0.8945 ,
Simocephalus vetulus , ,
Lepomis macrochirus
Rj-ortV tfQllt ' ' "^4 1 ^ * — " '
, Salvelinus fontinalis
/ , - • . '. ~ • . '- ' .
Hull -f rorr. '. • ' . "33 
-------
      Ml.  (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)**
                          Species
Species Mean 4 Species.Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
  (ug/L)**        Ratio
            31.26     Rainbow trout,
                      Oncorhynchus mykiss

                      Coho salmon,
                      Oncorhynchus kisutch

                      Sockeye salmon,
                      Oncorhynchus nerka

                      Chinook salmon,
                      Oncorhynchus tshawytscha.

            26.54     Channel catfish, ,
                     _ Ictalurus punctatus

             4.355    Common carp,
                      Cyprinus carpio
                                                        35.34


                                                        31.82


                                                        32.85


                                                        25.85


                                                        26.54


                                                         4.355
                                                                     4.564
*   Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
    Value.                                                   '  .
**  At pH ป 6.5.
*** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
                                   1.005(pH) - 4.869
At pH = 6.5:

           FAV = 10.56 -ug/L

           CMC = FAV/2 = 5.28 ug/L

As a function of pH:

                           CMC = e

FACR =* 2.608

At pH ป 6.5:

           FCV - FAV/FACR =-  (10.56 ug/L) / (2.608) ' - 4.049 ug/L

As a function of pH:

                                   1.005(pH) - 5.134
                           CCC = e              •
                                                                CCC
                                      M-5

-------
References       '        : .       /    .''•"•             '• •• ,

;U.Sป EPA.-:-  1986.   Ambient Aquatic^Li-fe. Water 'Quality, Criteria  for
Pentachlorophenol.   EPA 440/5-88-009'.,  National Technical  '.    '
Information Service,  Springfield,  VA.•        '                    :
                                M-6

-------
                           1995  UPDATE:
          Freshwater Aquatic  Life  Criterion for Selenium '


The new acceptable acute data for selenium are given in Table Nl;
no new acceptable chronic data were found.  These new data were
used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document
for selenium  (U.S. EPA 1987)  to obtain the values given in Tables
N2 and N3.
Selenium(IV) :

Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)                        .

The Final Acute-Value  (FAV) was  calculated using the 'four lowest  .
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table N2, resulting in a FAV of
371.8 ug/L.  This value did not  need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species.  The CMC was
calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 185.9
ug/L.     •                                    .             .

Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data  wฃre available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV)  using  the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient  chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by  the Final Acute-Chronic  Ratio  (FACR).  Four
Species Mean'ACRs were available (Table N2) ,  but the one
determined  with the  acutely  resistant  species was higher than the
other three; the three were  within  a factor  of 2.4.  The FACR was
calculated  as  the geometric  mean of the three and was 7.998.  The
FCV = FAV/FACR =  (371.8 ug/L) 7(7.998)  = 46.49 ug/L.  As  in U.S.
EPA (1987),  this value was lowered  to  27.6  ug/L  to protect the
commercially and recreationally important rainbow  trout.. The CCC
was 27.6 ug/L.


Selenium(VI):

Criterion Maximum Concentration, (CMC)

 The Final Acute Value (FAV)  was calculated using the four  lowest
 Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table N3,  resulting in a  FAV of,
 25.066 ug/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
 commercially or recreationally  important species.   The CMC was
 calculat^  by dividing the FAV  by  2, resulting in a CMC of 12.533
 ug/L.


                                 N-l                      '   '

-------
 Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)

 Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available ;to. calculate a :
 Final Chronic Value (FCV)  using.'the eight-family procedure. .
 Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
 dividing the FAV 'by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.' (FACR).  Three
 Species Mean ACRs were available (Table N3)',  and they increased
 as -the acute sensitivities of the species increased.  .To make the
 FACR appropriate for sensitive species, it was set equal to the
 SMACR of 2.651 for the sensitive Daphnia magna.:  The FCV =
 FAV/FACR = (25.066 ug/L)/(2.651)  = 9.455 ug/L.  This'value did,
 not need to be lowered to  protect a commercially or    .
 recreationally important species.  The CCC was 9.455 ug/L. , •


 Total selenium:

 As discussed in U.S.. EPA, (1987),  field studies conducted on>
 Belews Lake .in North Carolina suggested that selenium might be
 more toxic to certain species of freshwater fish than had been
 observed in laboratory chronic toxicity tests.  Based upon these
 field studies and some laboratory studies, the CCC for total
 selenium was set at 5 ug/L.,  The Final'Acute-Chronic Ratio for
 total selenium was calculated as the geometric mean of the six
 ACRs .in Tables N2 and N3 that are between 2.5 and 16.5 and was
 7.737.  The FAV was calculated by multiplying the CCC by the FACR
 and was 38.68 ug/L.  The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV
 by 2, resulting in a CMC of 19.34 ug/L as total recoverable
 selenium.   •           •   ,            ••-.,.••
 The Criterion    ',        .

'The procedures described in the methodology indicate that,  except
 possibly where a locally important species.is very sensitive,
 freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
 if the four-day average concentration of selenium does not exceed
 5 ug/L more, than.once every three years on the average and if  the
.one-hour average concentration dpes not exceed 19.34 ug/L more
 than once every three years'on the average.,    -   '  ..
                                N-2

-------
Table Ml.  New Acute  Values for Selenium
Species
Method"
                                 Chemical
Acute Value
   (ug/L)
                                                                 Reference
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna

Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
 S,U       Na-selen.ite
           [Selenium(IV)]

 S/U       Na-selenate
           [Selenium(VI)]
    680
    750
Johnston 1987


Johnston 1987
* S - static, U = unmeasured.
                                    N-3

-------
Table N2.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute.Values  for Seienium(IV)
         Genus Mean
   -.;    Acute Value
Rank*      .(ug/LJ
Species
.Species Mean
.Acute Value
    (ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
    Ratio
22
21 -
"20
19
18
17
16 .
15
14
13
12
11 '
10
9 :
8
7
203000
42500
35000 .
. 34910
30176
28500
26100
.25934
24100
'13600
12600
11700
10490
10200
6500
2704
Leech, . '', '
Nephelopsis obscure
Midge,
Tanytarsus .dissimilis
Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Snail, /
Aplexa hypnorum
' White sucker,
Catostomus commersoni
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Midge. '
Chironomus plumosus .
Snail,
Physa sp .
channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatua
Mosquito fish
Gaznbusia af finis
Yellow Perch,
Perca flavescens
Rainbow Trput,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
3rook trout '
Salvelirius f ontinalis
FlaafM ซ!h
Jordanella f loridae
AnrnhirirtH.
203000 	 -
42500 - -
35000 - -
34910 . — ; 	
30176 '
29500 ' . '
26100 	 : 	
25934 - —
24100 • 	
13600 ' -
i ?finn -.—
" -s ' •
11700 	
1.0490 141.5**
10200 - —
CCAA _
9*7nd — : 	
                      Gammarus pseudoliranaeus
                                     N-4

-------
 Table N2.   (Cont.)
          Genus Mean
          Acute Value
 Rank*      (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean    Species Mean
Acute Value     Acute-Chronic
                    Ratio
6
5
4

3
2
1

1796 Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
1783 Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
1700 Hydra,
Hydra sp.
1601 Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
<603.6 Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia affinis
340 Amphip.od,
Hyalella azteca
834
3870
1783
1700

1601
<603 6
340

13.31
5.586


6.881


*  Ranked from most.resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
   Value.
** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
            FAV = 371-.8 ug/L

            CMC = FAV/2 - 185.9 ug/L

            FACR - 7.998

            FCV * FAV/FACR ป  (371.8 ug/L)/(7.998)

            Lowered to protect rainbow trout:

                 FCV - 27.6 ug/L = CCC
                         46.49 ug/L
                                     N~5

-------
Table N3,  Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Selenium(VI)
   •      Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*       (ug/L)
               Species
                           Species Mean
                           Acute Value
                               (ug/L)
             Species Mean
             Acute-Chronic
                 Ratio
 11
 10
  2
442000


193000


 66000


 63000


 47000


 20000


  7300


  5500


   760


   550.1
 Leech,
 Hephelopsis obscura

 Snail,      -     '
 Aplexa hypnorum •

 Channel catfish,
 Ictaiurus punctatus

 Bluegill,
 Lepomis macrochirus

 Rainbow trout,
 Oncorhynchus mykiss

 Midge, \
442000
                                                     193000
                                                      66000
                                                      63000
                                                      47000"
                                                     20000
                       Paratanytarsus parthenogeneticus

                                                  '_. •  ' 7300
               65.38
 Hydra,     •
 Hydra sp.

 Fathead minnow,
 Pimephales promelas

 Amphipod,
' Hyalella azteca

 Cladocerah,
 Daphnia magna

 Cladoceran,
 Daphnia pulicaria

 Amphipod,
 Ganmarus pseudolimnaeus
                                                      5500
                                                       760
                                                      1230
                                                       246
                 16.26
                 9.726
                                                          2;651
                                             65.38
*  Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus5 Mean Acute
  • Value."      '  '  ".-  .  '  x'   '   •'• . '   .  ' '  '  '   '   . ' '         ..'.•'••
             FAV  =  25.066 ug/L

             CMC  =  FAV/2 ป 12.533 ug/L

             FACR =• 2.651

             FCV  =  FAV/FACR = (25.066 ug/L)/(2.651)  =9.455  ug/L = CCC

             ••  ''  .        '           N-6       •          '"    -

-------
References

Johnston, P.A,.  1987.  Acute toxicity of Inorganic Selenium to
Daphnia magna  (Straus) and the Effect of Sub-acute Exposure upon
Growth and Reproduction.  Aquatic Toxicol. 10:335-3.52.

U.S. EPA.  1987.  Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Selenium.  EPA 440/5-87-006.  National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA.
                                N-7

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                  •••.  '    - •  "1995  UPDATE:. .    ..     '
            Freshwater Aquatic- Life -Criterion- for Zinc
The  new  acceptable acute data for zinc are given in Table 01; no
new  acceptable chronic data were found.  These data were used'
with those  given", .in Tables : 1 and 2 of the criteria, document .for
zinc (U.S.  EPA 1987)  to obtain the values given in' Table 02. .   ',
Because'the' toxicity of zinc is hardness-dependent/ all acute
values in Table 02 have been adjusted to a hardness Of 50 mg/L.


Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)   .       "•'-..

The  Final Acute Value (FAV)  was calculated using the ,fou-r lowest
Genus Mean  Acute Values in Table 02, resulting in  an FAV'o^f 133.2
ug/L;at  a hardness of 50 mg/L.  This value 'did not need to- be
lowered  to  protect a commercially or recreationally important
species. .The CMC was' calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 66.6 ug/L, as total recoverable zinc/ at a,
hardness  of 50 mg/L.   The CMC wa's related to" hardness using the '
"slope'of  0.8473 that was' derived in U.S-. EPA (1987):      •;

         • -  •  -•''•'.'   0:8473'(In hardness) +0.884
 ,  .   .        , • . CMC = e  . • '      . •   ;.  •    ..   .-.••••
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)     ,  •        , .    '

Insufficient chronic toxicity data werei available to. calculate a
Final  Chronic Value (FCV)  .using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate  a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final,Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR).  SMACRs'
were available for seven species  (Table 02)/ but three were for   .
resistant species and one was a "less than" value.   The other
three  were Within ,a factor of 10.4.  The FACR was calculated as
•the geometric mean of the three SMACRs and was 1.994.  According
to the methodology, the FACR cannot be less' than 2.  The FCV =
FAV/FACR = (13.3.2 ug/L)/(2) =66.6 ug/L at a hardness1 of 50 mg/L.
This value did not need to' be lowered to protect a commercially
or recreationally important species.  Thus the CCC was 66.6 ug/L,
as total recoverable .zinc, at a ,hardness of 50 mg/L,and1 equals
the CMC.  The CCC was related'to hardness using the  slope of   ,
0.8473:  .  '_    ' "• ,.:.". '. •.    :.'•'. '   - .",   ,••''_,   ,      • :'  '  .  ••.
       . '                 .*'"-"      --.'."
               .   . •  , .-   0.8473 (In hardness)- + 0.884     -. • • '
    •          •   CCC = e-   ,   '     ;'   ..-••."-•..-.•.
                                .0-1

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Wr.-sn it equals the CMC, the CCC is irrelevant because the CMC has '
a shorter -averaging period.


The Criterion

The procedures described in the methodology indicate that, except
possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive,
freshwater aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the one-hour average concentration of zinc does not exceed the
numerical value  (in ug/L) given by'the equation

                     .  0.8473 (In hardness) +0.884
                CMC = e               •

more than once'every three years on the average. .   ;  •  .
                                0-2

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Table Ol.  New Acute Values for Zinc
Species
Frog,- .
Xenopus laevis
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
•" • ' Hardness
' • . . , (mg/L as
Method* CaCOj)
S,M 100
S,U 300
'. Acute
Value
(ug/L) '.
34500
1100 '
Adjusted
Acute
Value
(ug/L).**
' 19176
241;
Reference
Dawson
,et al. 1988
. Berglind and
Dave 1984
*  S = Static, M = measured, U = unmeasured.
** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using slope = 0.8473.
                                     0-3

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Table 02.  Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Zinc.
Rank*
Genus Mean
Acute Value
 (ug/L)**    Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
 (ug/L)**     .    Ratio

36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29

28
27

26


25

24
23

22

88960
19800
19176
18400
17940
16820'
13630
10560

10250
9712

8157


8100

7233
6580

*5053

Damsel fly,
Argia sp.
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Frog,
Xenopus laevis
Worm,
Nais sp.
Banded killifish,
Fundulus diaphanus
Snail,
Amnicola sp.
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Worm,
Lumbriculus variegatus
Isopod,
Asellus bicrenata
Isopod,
Asellus communis
Amphipod,
Gamma r us sp.
Common carp,
• Cyprinus carpio
Northern squawfish,
Ptychocheilus oregonensis
Guppy,

88960 	 	
19800 	
19176 	 "
18400 _ _
17940
16820 	
13630 - 	
18790 	
5937 _
10250 	
9712 _ _

5731

11610 - 	
8100 - _

7233 	 .
6580 - 	

6053 	 __
                                   0-4

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Table O2.   (Cont. )
   '   .  • Genus Mean
  " '  :    Acute Value'
Rank*'.'  (ug/L)**    'species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-rChronic
 (ug/L)**         Ratio
21
20
19
18
17
16 •
15
14 '
13
12
11 ,
10
'.
8
7
6000
5228
' 4900
4341
3830
3265
2176
2100
1707
1672
1607
1578
1353
1307
>1264
Golden shiner,
Notemigonus crysoleucas
White sucker.
Catostomus commersoni
Asiatic clam,.
Corbicula f luminea .
Southern 'platyfish,
Xiphophorus maculatus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelaa
Isopod,
Lirceus alabamae '
Atlantic salmon.
Salmo salar
Brook trout,
Salyelinua fontinalia
Bryozoan,
Lophopodella carteri
Flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
. Bryozoan, '.
Plumatella emarginata
Snail,
Heliaoma campanulatura
Snail,
Phyaa gyrina
snail,
Phyaa heterostropha
Bryozoan,
Pectinatella magnifica
Tubificid-worm,
6000 ' --
5228 	
4900
4341 _ ; 	
3830 5. 644***
3265 	 -—
2176 ' — 	
2100 2.335***
1707 ' -
1672 41.2***
•1607 - 	
1578 - 	 —
., . . 1683' •'.. ' ' ,.--,— :
inao 	
13O7 	 	

                     Limnodrilua hoffmeiateri
                                   -0-5

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  Table O2.   (Cont.)
  Rank*
Genus Mean , '
Acute Value
 (ug/L)**    Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
        *         Ratio
6
5
4
3
2
1


931.3 Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus klsutch
.Sockeye salmon,
Oncorhynchus nerka
Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
790 Mozambique tilapia,
Tilapia mossambica
299.8 Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
227.8 Longfin dace,
Agosia chrysogaster,
119.4 Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
93 . 95 Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia dubia
Cladoceran, • .
Ceriodaphnia ret'iculata
689.3 - 1.554
1628 	
1502 <6.074***
446.4 0.7027
790
355.5 7.26
252.9 	
227.8
119:4
174.1 - -
50.70 - -

                       reaistant ** most  sensitive  based
                                                        on Genus Mean Acute
**   At hardness  = 50  mg/L.
***  Not used in  the calculation  of  the  Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
At hardness =50 mg/L:

   FAV - 133.2 ug/L'

   CMC = FAV/2 =66.6 ug/L

As a function of hardness:
                                     0-6

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                              0.8473 (In hardness)  + 0.884
                      CMC = e
FACR = 1.994 but -was raised to 2                   '




At hardness =50 mg/L:         -    .


             FCV =  FAV/FACR =  (133.2  ug/L)/(2)  =  66.6 ug/L =  CCC


As a function of hardness:


                 •   ,         0.8473 (In hardness)  + 0.884
                    ' CCC = e   '     •          '.  -  -  • • •
                                     0-7

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References
         *V  ••                      •
Berglind, R., and G. Dave.  1984.  Acute Toxicity of Chromate,
DDT, PCP, TPBS, and Zinc to Daphnia magna Cultured in Hard and
Soft Water.  Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 33:63-68.

Dawson, D.A., E.F. Stebler/ S.L. Burks, and J.A. Bantle.  1988.
Evaluation of the Developmental Toxicity of Metal-Contaminated
Sediments Using Short-Term Fathead Minnow and Frog Embryo-Larval
Assays.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 7:27-34.

U.S. EPA.  1987.  Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Zinc.  EPA 440/5-87-003.  National Technical Informati9n Service,
Springfield, VA.                   •    .
                                0-8

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