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and hypochlorite react with the lignin, they fo
chlorinated pollutants such as chloroform,
dioxins, and furans in the wastewater stream
Elemental Chlorine-Free Bleaching (ECF)
replaces chlorine with chlorine dioxides as a
bleaching agent and hyperchlorite is no longe
used. The use of ECF bleaching results in
decreased levels1 of IcWorinatedpoilirtanlsln 1
wastewater stream,: ; i: :!iili Hi h
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i EPA estimates that the : ; JJ
; industry will need to invest j; ' : ;"
approximately $1 .8 billion in ; ,?
; capital expenditures and '- '_ ~_::^
; approximately $277 million i! **
per year in operating -J
expenditures ito comply; with: ^
this rule1. :': ' = > ;H- *:^r?
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currently in place at some existing bleaching
plants, and uses chlorine (Cl2) and hypochlo
to brighten the pulp. When elemental chlorin
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Pulping processes are generally classified as
chemical, mechanical, or semi-chemical. Th
three chemical pulping methods are known a
kraft, sulfite, and soda. Of these, the kraft an
sulfite processes are most common.
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, controls, mills enrolled in this progre
granted additional time to incorpora
technologies or change manufactur
processes. These mills are allowed
choose a pollution prevention techn
: that is best for them and compliance
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Wood consists of two primary components:
cellulose and lignin. Cellulose, which is the
fibrous component of wood, is used to make
pulp and paper. Lignin is the "glue" that hold
wood fibers together. Pulping is the process
which reduces wood to a fibrous mat by
separating the cellulose from the lignin.
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! The Advanced Technology Incentive
; Program is designed to achieve gre
1 pollutant reductions than those achi
installing technology that only helps
1 meet the baseline requirements of t
! In return for more advance pollution
1 prevention and environmental prote
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