United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
4304
EPA822-B-SS-DD2
October 1996
&EPA
Drinking Water Regulations
and Health Advisories
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DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
AND HEALTH ADVISORIES
by
Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, p.C.
October 1996
Recycled/Recyclable
Printed on paper that conta
at least 50% recycled fiber.
' f,
. jf Printed on paper that contains
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These regulations and health advisory tables are revised approximately every 6 months by EPA's
Office of Water, The tables may also be accessed on the Internet in the near future. The tables
may be accessed from the Office of Science and Technology home page at:
http://www.epa.gov/OST.
Although no permanent mailing list is kept, copies may be ordered free of charge from the:
SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
1-800-426-4791
Monday thru Friday, 9:00 AM to 5:30 PMEST.
Publication numbers for the supportive technical documentation for the health advisories can be
found on the Internet at:
http://www.wpa.gov/OST/pc/dwha.html
Copies of the supportive technical documentation for the health advisories, can be order on the
Internet at: - '-',". .
http://www.epa.gov/OST/orderpubs.html
or obtained for a fee from the:
Educational Resource Information Center (ERIC)
1929 Kenny Road
Columbus, OH 43210-1080
Telephone number (614) 292-6717
FAX (614) 292-0263
e-mailJERICSE@osu.edu
Payment by Purchase Order/check/Visa or Mastercard.
The Health Advisories available and their ERIC order numbers are included at the end of this
publication. For further information regarding the Drinking Water Regulations and Health
Advisories, call Barbara Corcoran m EPA's Office, of Water at (202) 260-1332.
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LEGEND
Abbreviations column descriptions are:
MCLG: Maximum Contaminant Level Goal, A non-enforceable concentration of a drinking water
contaminant that is protective of adverse human health effects and allows an adequate
margin of safety. .
MCL: Maximum Contaminant Level. Maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water
which is delivered to any user of a public water system.
Rfl>: Reference Dose. An estimate of a daily exposure to the human population that is likely to
be without appreciable risk of deleterious effects over a lifetime.
DWEL: Drinking Water Equivalent Level. A lifetime exposure concentration protective of
adverse, non-cancer health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is
from a drinking water source.
The codes for the Status Reg and Status HA
columns are as follows:
Other codes found in the table include
the following:
F final
D draft
L listed for regulation
P proposed
T tentative (not officially proposed)
NA not applicable
PS performance standard 0.5 NTU-1.0 NTU
TT treatment technique
Large discrepancies between Lifetime and Longer-term HA values may occur because of the
Agency's conservative policies, especially with regard to carcinogenicity, relative source
contribution, and less-than-Iifetime exposures in chronic toxicity testing. These factors can result
in a cumulative UF (uncertainty factor) of up to 5 to 5000 when calculating a Lifetime HA.
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The scheme for categorizing chemicals according to their carcinogenic potential is as follows:*
Group A:
Human carcinogen
Group B:
Probable human carcinogen
GroupC:
Possible human carcinogen
Group D:
Not classifiable
Group E:
No evidence of carcinogenicity
for humans
Sufficient evidence in epidemiologic studies to support causal
association between exposure and cancer
Limited evidence in epidemic-logic studies (Group Bl) and/or
sufficient evidence from animal studies (Group B2) ,
Limited evidence from animal studies and inadequate or no data
in humans
Inadequate or no human and animal evidence of carcinogenicity
No evidence of carcinogenicity in at least two adequate animal
tests in different species or in adequate epidemiologic and
animal studies
Drinking Water Health Advisories (HAs) are defined as follows:
One-flay HA:
Ten-day HA:
Long-term HA:
Lifetime HA:
The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any
adverse noncarcinogenic effects for up to 5 consecutive days of exposure, with a
margin of safety.
The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any
adverse noncarcinogenic effects up to 14 consecutive days of exposure, with a
margin of safety.
The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any
adverse noncarcinogenic effects up to approximately 7 years (10% of an
individual's lifetime) of exposure, with a margin of safety.
The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any
adverse noncarcinogenic effects over a lifetime of exposure, with a margin of safety.
*EPA is in the process of revising the Cancer Guidelines.
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