DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
AND HEALTH ADVISORIES
u.s.
by
Office of Water
Envi ronmental Rrotecti on
Washington, D.C.
202-260-7571
SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
1-800-426-4791
Monday thru Friday, 9-00 AM to 5
May 1995
Agency
:30 PM EST
Recycled/Recyclable
Printed on paper that contains
atteast50%recydedfiber
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: LEGEND
Abbreviations'column descriptions are: *
MCLG - Maximum Contaminant Level Goal. A non-enforceable concentration
of a -drinking water contaminant that is protective of adverse human
health effects and allows an adequate margin of safety.
MCL - Maximum Contaminant Level. Maximum permissible level of a
contaminant in water which is delivered to any user of a public water
system. .
RfD - Reference Dose. An estimate of a daily exposure to the human
population that is likely to be without appreciable risk of deleterious
effects over a lifetime. • \
DWEL - Drinking Water Equivalent Level. A lifetime exjposure concentration
protective of adverse, non-cancer health effects, that assumes all of
the exposure to a contaminant is from a drinking water source.
(*) The codes for the Status Reg and Status HA columns are as follows:
E - final .-, i ''.-*.'.'
D - draft . v i .
L - listed for regulation ;
P - proposed !
T - tentative |
Other codes found in the table include the following:
NA - not applicable r
PS - performance standard 0.5 NTU-1.0NTU |
TT • .- treatment technique - '
** - No,more than 5% of the samples per month may be positive. For
systems collecting fewer than 40. samples/month, no more than 1
sample ppr month may be positive. !
*** - . guidance |
- Large discrepancies between Lifetime and Longer-term HA values may occur
because of the Agency's conservative policies, especially with regard to
carcinogenjcity, relative source contribution, and less than lifetime exposures in
chronic toxicity testing. These factors can result in a cumulative UF (uncertainty
factor) of up to 5 to 5000 when calculating a Lifetime HA.
-i-
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The scheme for categorizing chemicals according to their carcinogenic potential
' is as follows: *....". '', ,
''••'. • . / • . • . '" • • •
Group A: Human carcinogen
Sufficient evidence in epidemiologic studies to support causal association
between exposure and cancer , ,
Group B: Probable human carcinogen
Limited evidence in epidemiologic studies (Group B1) and/or sufficient evidence
from animal studies (Group B2)
Group C: Possible human carcinogen
Limited evidence from animal studies and inadequate or no data in humans
Group D: Not classifiable
Inadequate or no human and animal evidence of cafcinogenicity
•• ' - '
Group E: No evidence of careinogenicitv for humans I
No evidence of carcinogenicity In at least two adequate animal tests in different
species or in adequate epidemiologic and animal studies :
Drinking Water Health Advisories (HAs) are defined as follows:
One-day HA
The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause
any adverse noncarcinogenic effects for up to 5 consecutive days of exposure,
•with a margin of safety. .. -.
Ten-day HA
The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause
any adverse noncarcinogenic effects up to 14 consecutive days of exposure,
with a margin of safety.
Long-term HA
The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause
any adverse noncarcinogenic effects up to approximately 7 years (10% of an
individual's lifetime) of exposure, with a margin of safety.
*EPA"is in the process of revising the Cancer Guidelines.
-11- ' "' , ',.'..
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Lifetime HA
The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that h
any adverse noncarcinogenic effects over a lifetime of
of safety.
not expected to cause
exposure, with a margin
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