United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
4304
EPA822-R-96-001
February 1996
DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
AND HEALTH ADVISORIES
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DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
AND HEALTH ADVISORIES
Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C.
February 1996
Recycled/Recyclable
Printed on paper that contains
at teast 50% recycled fiber.
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These regulations and health advisory tables are revised every 6 months by EPA's Office of -
Water Although no permanent mailing list is kept, copies may be ordered free of charge &om the.
SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
1-800-426-4791
Monday thru Friday, 9:00 AM to 5:30 PM EST.
Copies of the supportive technical documentation for the health advisories can be obtained for a
fee from the: /-w««\ »
Educational Resource Information Center (ERIC)
1929 Kenny Road
Columbus, OH 43210-1080
Telephone number (614) 292-6717
.FAX (614) 292-0263 .
' e-mailERICSE@osu.edu
Payment by Purchase Order/check/Visa or Mastercard.
The Health Advisories available and their ERIC order numbers are included at the end of this
publication. For further information regarding the Drinking Water Regulations and Health
Advisories call Barbara Corcoran in EPA's Office of Water at (202) 260-1332.
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LEGEND
Abbreviations column descriptions are:
MCLG - Maximum Contaminant Level Goal. A non-enforceable concentration of a
drinking water contaminant that is protective of adverse human health effects
and allows an adequate margin of safety.
MCL - Maximum Contaminant Level. Maximum permissible level of a contaminant in
water which is delivered to any user of a public water system.
RfD .-' Reference Dose. An estimate of a daily exposure to the human population that is
likely to" be without appreciable risk of deleterious effects over a lifetime.
DWEL - Drinking Water Equivalent Level. A lifetime exposureconcentration protective
of adverse, non-cancer health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a
contaminant is from a drinking water source.
(*) The codes for the Status R^ and Status HA columns are as follows:
F
D
L
P
T
final
draft
listed for regulation
proposed
tentative (not officially proposed)
Other codes found in the table include the following:
NA
PS
XT
**
***
not applicable
-...-. performance standard 0.5 NTU-1.0 NTU
treatment technique
No more than 5% of the samples per month may be positive. For systems
collecting fewer than 40 samples/month, no more than 1 sample per month may
be positive.
guidance
Large discrepancies between Lifetime and Longer-term HA values may occur because of
the Agency's conservative policies, especially with regard to carcinogenicity, relative
source contribution, and less-than-lifetime exposures in chronic toxicity testing. These
factors can result hi a cumulative UF (uncertainty factor) of up to 5 to 5000 wlhen
calculating a Lifetime HA.
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The scheme for categorizing chemicals according to their carcinogenic potential is as
follows: *
Group A: Human carcinogen .
Sufficient evidence in epidemiologic studies to support causal association between
exposure and cancer
Group B: Probable human carcinogen
Limited evidence in epidemiologic studies (Group Bl) and/or sufficient evidence from
animal studies (Group B2)
Group C: Possible human carcinogen
Limited evidence from animal studies and inadequate or no data in humans
Group D: Not classifiable
Inadequate or no human and animal evidence of carcinogenicity
Group E: No evidence of carcinogenicity for humans
No evidence of carcinogenicity in at least two adequate animal tests in different species
or in adequate epidemiologic and animal studies
Drinking Water Health Advisories (HAs) are defined as follows:
One-day HA
The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any
adverse noncarcinogenic effects for up to 5 consecutive days of exposure, with a margin
ofsafety.
Ten-day HA
The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any
adverse noncarcinogenic effects up to 14 consecutive days of exposure, with a margin of
safety.
Long-term HA
The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any
adverse noncarcinogenic effects up to approximately 7 years (10% of an individual's
lifetime) of exposure, with a margin of safety.
*EPA is in the process of revising the Cancer Guidelines,
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Lifetime HA
The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any
adverse noncarcinogenic effects over a lifetime of exposure, with a margin of safety.
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