United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
4304
EPA822-R-96-001
February 1996
DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
AND HEALTH ADVISORIES

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DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS

    AND HEALTH ADVISORIES
             Office of Water
     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
            Washington, D.C.
              February 1996
                               Recycled/Recyclable
                               Printed on paper that contains
                               at teast 50% recycled fiber.

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These regulations and health advisory tables are revised every 6 months by EPA's Office of   -
Water Although no permanent mailing list is kept, copies may be ordered free of charge &om the.
             SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
             1-800-426-4791
             Monday thru Friday, 9:00 AM to 5:30 PM EST.

Copies of the supportive technical documentation for the health advisories can be obtained for a
fee from the:                                      /-w««\                         »
             Educational Resource Information Center (ERIC)
             1929 Kenny Road
             Columbus, OH 43210-1080
             Telephone number (614) 292-6717
             .FAX (614) 292-0263                                               .
            ' e-mailERICSE@osu.edu
             Payment by Purchase Order/check/Visa or Mastercard.

 The Health Advisories available and their ERIC order numbers are included at the end of this
 publication. For further information regarding the Drinking Water Regulations and Health
 Advisories call Barbara Corcoran in EPA's Office of Water at (202) 260-1332.

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                                      LEGEND
Abbreviations column descriptions are:

MCLG -      Maximum Contaminant Level Goal. A non-enforceable concentration of a
               drinking water contaminant that is protective of adverse human health effects
               and allows an adequate margin of safety.

MCL   -      Maximum Contaminant Level. Maximum permissible level of a contaminant in
               water which is delivered to any user of a public water system.

RfD    .-'     Reference Dose.  An estimate of a daily exposure to the human population that is
               likely to" be without appreciable risk of deleterious effects over a lifetime.

DWEL -      Drinking Water Equivalent Level. A lifetime exposureconcentration protective
               of adverse, non-cancer health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a
               contaminant is from a drinking water source.

(*) The codes for the Status R^ and Status HA columns are as follows:
  F
  D
  L
  P
  T
      final
      draft
      listed for regulation
      proposed
      tentative (not officially proposed)
 Other codes found in the table include the following:
  NA
  PS
  XT

  **
  ***
       not applicable
-...-.   performance standard 0.5 NTU-1.0 NTU
       treatment technique

       No more than 5% of the samples per month may be positive.  For systems
       collecting fewer than 40 samples/month, no more than 1 sample per month may
       be positive.

       guidance

Large discrepancies between Lifetime and Longer-term HA values may occur because of
the Agency's conservative policies, especially with regard to carcinogenicity, relative
source contribution, and less-than-lifetime exposures in chronic toxicity testing.  These
factors can result hi a cumulative UF (uncertainty factor)  of up to 5 to 5000 wlhen
calculating a Lifetime HA.
                                           -i-

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       The scheme for categorizing chemicals according to their carcinogenic potential is as
       follows: *

       Group A:  Human carcinogen               .

       Sufficient evidence in epidemiologic studies to support causal association between
       exposure and cancer

       Group B:  Probable human carcinogen

       Limited evidence in epidemiologic studies (Group Bl) and/or sufficient evidence from
       animal studies (Group B2)

       Group C:  Possible human carcinogen

       Limited evidence from animal studies and inadequate or no data in humans

       Group D:  Not classifiable

       Inadequate or no human and animal evidence of carcinogenicity

       Group E:  No evidence of carcinogenicity for humans

       No evidence of carcinogenicity in at least two adequate animal tests in different species
       or in adequate epidemiologic and animal studies

   Drinking Water Health Advisories (HAs) are defined as follows:

       One-day HA

       The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any
       adverse noncarcinogenic effects for up to 5 consecutive days of exposure, with a margin
       ofsafety.

       Ten-day HA

       The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any
        adverse noncarcinogenic effects up to 14 consecutive days of exposure, with a margin of
        safety.

        Long-term HA

        The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any
        adverse noncarcinogenic effects up to approximately 7 years (10% of an individual's
        lifetime) of exposure, with a margin of safety.

*EPA is in the process of revising the Cancer Guidelines,
                                          -u-

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Lifetime HA

The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any
adverse noncarcinogenic effects over a lifetime of exposure, with a margin of safety.

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