United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Science and Technology (WH-551) Washington, DC 20460 EPA 823-R-92-008C January 1993 Water Press Package EPA National Study of Chemical Residues in Fish November 1992 ------- NOV 19 1992 DEPUTY ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR'S STATEMENT Today, the United States Environmental Protection Agency is releasing a summary of the National Study of Chemical Residues in Fish, a screening study the Agency conducted in cooperation with State environmental officials. Some pollutants bioaccumulate in fish that live in polluted waters. This study shows that some very persistent pollutants can be found in fish at many sites where pollution is a problem. The study does not address commercial fishing and for those of us who get most of our fish from commercial markets, there is no evidence here that presents any cause for concern. However, if a person ate a diet of two four-ounce fillets of fish per month from the most contaminated sites over a seventy-year lifetime there could be a lifetime cancer risk of greater than one-in-ten-thousand. This is a conservative upper-bound estimate based on limited data. Of the higher risk sites found (46 of the 388 examined), most are contaminated with PCBs and some are contaminated with dieldrin. Both of these chemicals have essentially been banned in the U.S. but they are highly persistent in the environment and have accumulated in the bottom sediments of our waters in polluted areas, entering the ecological food chain from those sediments. Needed fish consumption bans or advisories have been issued by states at the sites of concern. All fishers should pay attention to these bans and advisories. Persons especially at risk are avid recreational fishers and subsistence fishers in polluted areas since they may consume more fish than the average consumer and more of their fish could come from polluted water. Pregnant women and nursing mothers may also be especially sensitive to the pollutants found. If a fisher is not sure whether a ban or advisory is in effect in a certain area, he or she should contact State health officials for further information. Again, this was a screening study and did not provide enough samples at any site to make definitive local risk findings. The data has been released as it became available over the last four years and this report is simply the first published summary of all of the data. Much of the data has already been reported by the press, especially in the local areas of concern. Background This report is based on samples of fish tissue the agency collected between 1986 and 1989, primarily from sites expected to show some contamination. From 1988 to 1990, the agency released the raw data collected in this national study as soon as it completed the laboratory analyses and quality assurance checks. Much of the information in the study has already been the basis for various press reports on toxic pollutants in fish over the last several years. With the release of today's report, the final written interpretation of the data becomes available. The National Study of Chemical Residues in Fish was a follow-on effort to the 1986 National Dioxin Study which found dioxin in fish tissue taken from some sites had reached potential levels of concern. The Agency conducted this study to further evaluate the presence of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in fish, and to assess the extent to which other toxic ------- pollutants may be accumulating in fish. In 1990, the Agency released a summary of the dioxin data in this report as part of its comprehensive Dioxin-in-Paper Integrated Risk Assessment. Hank Habicht, EPA Deputy Administrator, briefed the press on the dioxin data at that time. The report being released today on the National Study of Chemical Residues in Fish includes all of the data from samples of both bottom-feeding fish and game fish collected at 388 sites around the country between 1986 and 1989. Of these sites, 314 were selected because of the presence of possible dischargers of bioaccumulative pollutants, including industrial, agricultural or urban runoff sources. The remaining 74 sites were selected to provide an indication of background levels of these chemicals. Both whole-body fish and fish fillet samples were analyzed for a total of 60 bioaccumulative chemicals, including 15 dioxin and furan compounds, 10 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 21 pesticides and herbicides, mercury, biphenyl, and 12 other organic compounds. Prevalence of These Chemicals in the Environment With regard to the presence of chemicals of concern (as opposed to actual or projected health risks associated with such presence), the study found DDE (a breakdown product of DDT), PCBs and mercury present at the highest concentrations in these fish-tissue samples. Specifically, the study found that: 1. 22 of the 60 tested chemicals were detectable in fish tissue samples at more than half of the sites; 2. DDE, a breakdown product of DDT, was found at almost every site; 3. Total PCBs, mercury, and biphenyl were detected at more than 90% of the sites; 4. Seven of the 15 dioxin/furan compounds were found at more than half of the sites; and 5. Fifteen of the other 45 compounds were detected at very low levels at more than half of the sites. Correlations Between Sources and Pollutants EPA could not identify a correlation between specific sources and most of the pollutants analyzed. However, as previously announced in 1990, pulp and paper mills using chlorine appear to be the dominant source category of certain types of dioxin and furan (2,3,7,8 TCDD and 2,3,7,8 TCDF) found in these fish samples collected between 1986 and 1989. ------- 2. Human Health Risks and Follow-on Actions to Reduce Risk Presence of pollutants does not necessarily mean that a health or environmental „ risk exists. Therefore, wherever it was possible to do so, EPA evaluated,the levels of pollutants. found, the hazards associated with those levels and the ways people might be exposed to the pollutants. This process allowed us to evaluate whether there were risks to human health from the pollutants of concern at 110 of the sites in the study. 1. Two pollutants, PCBs and dieldrin, were found at levels with estimated upper- bound human health cancer risks equal to or greater than one in ten thousand for the average fish-eating population (persons eating two four-ounce fillets of freshwater or estuarine fish per month). PCBs were found at these levels at 42 sites and dieldrin was found at these levels at 6 sites. Our estimate of risk is quite conservative for average fish-eaters since most people would not be expected to eat a steady diet of fish caught at contaminated sites. Risks for dioxins and furans were not estimated in this study because EPA is currently reassessing the health effects associated with dioxin. However, risks for dioxins and furans were estimated and released in 1990 based on EPA's 1984 risk assessment. The study being released today reports the concentrations of these chemicals found in fish tissue. Other pollutants which could cause health problems were not detected in high enough concentrations to pose a human health concern for the average fish-eating population. Insufficient samples were taken to predict risk at some sites. Insufficient information is available on hazards of some pollutants to predict risk associated with them. Therefore, risk projections are included for only 110 of the sites in the survey. The Agency has released the data from this study to the States, industries, and to other interested parties since 1988 as analyses were completed. The States have used this information to focus their monitoring activities, to set fishing advisories and bans, and to limit discharges from many sources. Industry has used the data to plan and implement pollution control programs. States have issued fishing bans or fishing advisories at 41 of the 46 sites where consumption of fish could pose a human health problem under certain circumstances. Additional monitoring at the remaining five sites has not indicated the need for advisories to date. Partly in response to this study, some industry dischargers have token significant steps to reduce discharges of toxic pollutants. In particular, many pulp and paper mills have made a substantial investment to change their operating practices to reduce discharges of dioxins and furans. This industry is planning more monitoring at the 104 chlorine-bleaching mills to quantify reductions of dioxin in their effluent. 3. 4. ------- EPA is also taking a variety of actions to improve our ability to assess toxic pollutant contamination and to assist the States as they implement abatement, control and public information programs. These actions include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Establishing a task force to assist the States in determining fish contaminant levels of concern; Requiring States to adopt water quality standards for toxic pollutants of concern; Developing pollution prevention and control strategies for inclusion in enforceable permits issued to sources of bioaccumulative toxic pollutants; Developing a Sediment Management Strategy to guide our programs to prevent and remediate contaminated sediments, a source of fish contamination; and Developing guidance on fish sampling and analysis to promote consistent and defensible risk assessments in the future. In addition, the Water Resources Development Act of 1992 requires EPA to conduct a comprehensive national survey of data on sediment quality in the United States. It also requires EPA to identify locations where pollutants in sediment pose a threat to the quality of drinking water supplies, fisheries resources, and marine habitats and it requires EPA to conduct a continuing program to assess sediment quality and its impacts. SUMMARY Today's study found contamination offish at some of the targeted contaminated sites, but did not find high-risk concentrations of pollutants in fish throughout the country. The information gathered from this study cannot be used to evaluate the quality of fish on supermarket shelves. It is important to emphasize too, that this study contains little, if any, information that has not been released before. These data have already been used by State and local governments to implement fish consumption advisories and prevention and remediation actions in many of the high-risk areas. We are encouraged that their efforts, as well as EPA's efforts, have reduced public exposure to toxic chemicals in these areas. There is a word of caution, however. Avid recreational fishers and, in particular, subsistence fishers should be aware that fish taken from some waterways may contain elevated levels of pollutants that could be: harmful to human health. It is particularly important that these persons be attentive to — and observe -• restrictions on consumption suggested in State fishing bans or advisories. I will be pleased to answer any questions that you might have. ------- United States Environmental Protection Agency Communications, Education, And Public Affairs (A-107) Note to Correspondents WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1992 EPA's Deputy Assistant Administrator for Water, Martha Prothro, will hold a press briefing tomorrow to release a study of chemical residues in fish taken from polluted waters. EPA previously released all of the fish tissue concentrations measured for the study as they became available at different times since 1986. This is the first time those data have been compiled in one document. The study does not address the overall quality of commercial fishing. The study is a compilation of data on fish samples collected between 1986 and 1989 at 388 sites and analyzed for 60 pollutants. Most of the sites (314) were targeted areas located near both point and non-point sources of pollution such as pulp and paper mills, Superfund sites, industrial complexes and urban and agricultural runoff. At 46 sites, contaminants were found at levels that could present health concerns for regular consumers of fish caught below the sites. Industry, states and EPA have been taking action to reduce pollutant discharges since the study was undertaken. Over the past several years, states have issued fishing advisories and/or bans at 41 of the 46 sites of concern. Recent monitoring at the other five sites shows no need for advisories. The briefing will be held tomorrow, November 19, at 11:00 a.m. in room 642, East Tower, U.S. EPA, 401 M. St., S.W., Washington, D.C. Copies of the study will be available at the briefing. For more information, contact Sean McElheny at 202-260-1387. John Kasper, Director Press Services Division 202-260-4355 R-242 ------- United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Science and Technology (WH-551) Washington, DC 20460 EPA823-F-92-001 November 1992 Water National Study of Chemical Residues In Fish Fact Sheet 0-0 XOX What \» the study? The National Study of Chemical Residues in Fish (NSCRF, formerly the National Bioaccumulation Study, or NBS) is a one-time screening investigation to deter- mine the prevalence and sources of selected bioaccumulative pollutants in fish. Fish samples were collected at 388 sites nationwide (Figure 1, below) and analyzed for 60 pollutants including PCBs, dioxins, furans, and mercury. The sites sampled included 314 "targeted" sites thought to be influenced by various point and nonpoint pollutant sources. Targeted sites included pulp and paper mills (chlorine and non-chlorine), wood preserv- ing operations, certain refineries, Superfund sites, pub- licly-owned treatment works (POTWs), sites near industrial complexes, and sites that could be influenced by runoff from urban or agricultural areas. Other sites included 35 background locations and 39 USGS sites to provide national coverage. Why was the study performed? The study began in 1986 as an outgrowth of EPA's National Dioxm Study, a nationwide investigation of 2,3,7,8 tetrachiorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8 TCDD) contamination of soil, water, sediment, air and fish. Some of the highest concentrations of 2,3,7,8 TCDD were detected in fish. The Agency initiated the Na- tional Study of Chemical Residues in Fish to investi- Figure 1 Location of Btoaccumulation Study Sampling Sites gate whether there may be other toxic pollutants bjoaccumulating in fish. The NSCRF is also part of EPA's response to a petition from the Environmental Defense Fund (EOF) and the National Wildlife Feder- ation (NWF). This petition requests EPA to conduct an aquatic monitoring survey of the occurrence of dioxins and furans. Who performed the study? EPA Regions and State personnel were involved in the selection of sites and sample collection. An EPA Work Group provided continuing review of the study and the final draft was sent to 62 reviewers and seven experts outside EPA for a final round of comments. The samples were analyzed by the EPA laboratory at Duluth for 60 compounds, including 10 PCBs 15 diox- ms/furans, 21 pesticides/herbicides, mercury, biphe- nyl, and 12 other organic compounds. Chemicals were selected for analysis based on the potential of the compound to bioaccumuiate in fish, the potential for human health effects, the persistence of tne chemical in tiie environment, and existence of analytical meth- ods for detecting the compound in fish tissue. When was the study performed? The study was initiated hi 1986. Fish samples were collected beginning in 1986 and continuing through 1989. Most of the samples were collected in 1987. Laboratory analyses were conducted between 1987 and 1990. States received the data as soon as QA/QC was completed on each sample.The data analyses and report preparation were conducted between 1988 and 1990. What did the study find? Of the 60 compounds studied, the most frequently detected pollutant was DDE found at over 98 percent of all sites sampled (Table 1). This compound is a metabolic breakdown product of DDT which was a widely used pesticide and is extremely persistent in the environment. Other compounds detected at more than 90 percent of the sites are mercury, total PCBs and biphenyl. PCBs were detected at the highest concen- tration with a maximum value of 124,000 parts per billion (ppb), and an average concentration of 1,890 ppb. Seven of the 15 dioxin/furan compounds and 15 of the other 45 compounds were detected at over 50 percent ------- of the sites . The two most frequently detected dioxin and furan compounds wets both found at 89 percent of the sites. The dioxin compound considered to be the most toxic. 2,3,7,8 TCDD, was found at 70 percent of the sites at a maximum concentration of 204 parts per trillion (ppt) and an average concentration of 6.8 ppt. Statistical analyses of various source categories show that putp and paper mills using chlorine appear to be the dommant-(statistically significant) source category of 2.3.7,8 TCDD and 2,3,7,8 TCDF found in fish tissue. For the other dioxins/furans, the statistical correlation tests showed no dominant source category. Based on a simple comparison of median fish tissue concentra- tions, however, highest concentrations for penta- furans occurred near Superfund sites, highest for hexa-furans occurred near refinery/other industry sites, and highest for penta-and hexa-dioxins occurred near paper mills using chlorine. Using the same statistical correlation tests as for dioxins/furans, no single domi- nant source category was identified for the other 45 chemicals. However, a number of observations can be drawn from the data. For example, while the median PCS concentration was below detection at tha 20 background sites where RGBs were sampled. PCB values ranged from 213 to 525 ppb for industrial urban sites, paper mills using chlorine, refinery/other industry sites, non-chlorine paper mills and Superfund sites. Cancer risks were estimated for 106 targeted and 4 background sites having fillet data. Using EPA as- sumptions (ie., upper-bound cancer potency factors, 6.5 grams/day consumption rate), PCBs are the only chemical to exceed a health risk at one in ^thousand (Table 2). The cancer risk exceeded the 1 or risk level (one in ten thousand) at 42 sites for PCBs and at 6 sites for dieldrin. PCB use was restricted in 1982 and dieldrin use was banned in 1985. Risks for dioxins and furahs were not estimated because of the ongoing dioxin nsk assessment. What do the results maan to us? EPA projects upper bound cancer risks to exceed one in ten thousand at 46 sites where fish are contaminated by high levels of PCBs and/or dieldrin. Three of these sites had risks above this level for more than one of these compounds. States have adopted fish bans or advisories at 41 of the 46 sites where consumption of fish could be a human health problem. Additional monitoring at the remaining 5 sites has not indicated the need for advisories to date. General Questions and Answers * Has EPA provided outside review of the report and peer review of the site selection process and ana- lytical methods? Sites were selected by EPA regional or state staff based on proximity to point/nonpoint sources. Many of the sites were targeted because of known dioxin contamination. The NSCRF report was sent to 62 agency personnel and seven experts outside of the Agency for review. We believe that technical comments have been addressed. Analytical methods were developed by EPA's DUuth Lab and reviewed by national experts at Wright State University and Columbia Research Laboratory and found to be adequate for purposes of this study. • Has EPA proposed stringent enough follow-up, ac- tions? Steps EPA wiH take for PCBs and dieldrin are outlined below. lnaUcases,Statesan3inftebestpositiontoaddress site-specific problems and EPA wil continue to help them do so. • Have states been provided with sufficient time to review the report prior to its public release? States have had access to fish contamination data for several years. Additionally, the states wil be provided advance copies of the report. What should EPA do n«xt? Measures are being taken by EPA to protect human health and affected aquatic ecosystems. Such work includes: • Formation of a Task Force to develop a federal action plan to assist states in monitoring fish and developing advisories. • Adoption of water quality standards by states for pollutants of concern and approval/disapproval by EPA. • Establishment of a national protocol fora consistent risk-based approach for issuing advisories. • Development of EPA's sediment management strategy to prevent and remediate this source of fish contamination. • Development of pollution prevention and control strategies for point and nonpoint sources of these pollutants. Study Limitations The risks presented in this report represent a na- tional screening assessment and not a detailed local assessment of risks to specific populations. Such detailed risk assessments would consider the num- ber of people exposed and incorporate local con- sumption rates and patterns. Furthermore, a detailed assessment would require a greater number of fish samples per site than collected for this screen- ing study. Additionally, this study does not address all the bioaccumulative pollutants that may be pre- sent in surface waters. ------- TABLE 1 Summary of Prevalence and Concentration for Bioaccumulative Compounds Chemical Percent of Sites Detected . .- ' !-" Max Concentration C Mean Median oncentratJon In Kkground sites (Mean) Units in po/g or ppt by wet weight Dtorira 1 ,2,3,4,6,7,8 HpCDD 2,3,7,8 TCDD 1,2,3,6,7,8 HxCDD 1 25.7,8 PeCDO 125.7,8,9 HxCDD 12,3,4,7,8 HxCDD Furans 2,3,7.8 TCDF 2,3,4,7,8 PeCDF 1 ,2,3,4,6,7,8 HpCDF 1 2,3,7,8 PeCDF 1 5,3,4,7,8 HxCOF 2,3,4,6,7,8 HxCOF 1 2,3,6,7,8 HXCDF 12,3,4,7,8,9 HpCDF 12,3,7,8.9 HxCDF TEC' Other Chemicals2 DDE Mercury Siphenyl Total PC8s NonacHor, trans Chtoidw, cts PentacMoroanisote ChtorrJane, trans DioMrin Alpha-BHC 1 2.4 Trichlorobenzena rwxdctitofotxjnzsn© Gamma-BHC 1 2.3 Trichlorobenzene Mirex Nonechtor, ds Oxyctitordmo Chtoipyrtos Penfachtorabenzera Heptachtor EpoxWe Dteofol 125.4 TeUadrtmuOenzene TrffluraSn 1,35TrW*>robenzar» Endrtn 1255TECB 12,45 TECS MethoxyeWor lifipmijeiln Nitrogen Hexachbrobutadlefie Heptacttor Perthane PentachioronlU uOunze ne Dlphenyl Disuffide 89 70 69 54 38 32 89 64 54 47 42 32 21 4 1 N/A 99 92 94 91 77 64 64 61 60 55 53 46 42 43 38 35 27 26 22 16 16 13 12 11 11 9 9 7 4 3 3 2 1 1 1 249 204 101 54.0 24.8 37.6 404 56.4 58.3 120.0 45.3 19.3 30.9 2.57 0.9S 213 14000 1800 131 124000 477 378 647 310 450 44.4 265 913 83.3 69.0 22S 127 243 344 125 632 74.3 76.7 458 14.9 162 28.3 1*U1 loo 28.3 393 37.5 17.9 164 762 5.12 15.5 324 10.5 6.89 4.30 2.38 1.16 1.67 13.6 3.06 1.91 1.71 2.35 124 1.74 124 122 11.1 Units In ng/g or ppb by 295 260 2.7 1890 312 21.0 10.8 16.7 28.1 2.41 3.10 5.80 2.70 127 336 8.77 4.75 4.09 1.18 2.19 0.98 0.47 5.98 0.12 1.69 0.34 1.71 0.33 1.32 0.46 0.17 0.57 0.35 0.03 0.09 0.02 2.83 1.38 1.32 0.93 0.69 124 2.97 0.75 0.72 0.45 1.42 0.98 1.42 1.30 1.38 2.80 wet weight 58.3 170 0.64 209 922 3.66 0.92 2.68 4.16 0.72 0.14 ND NO ND ND NO ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.61 056 0.39° 0.77 0.3Sf 0.39* 1.61 0.50 0.3 0.43 022* 022* 0.22* ND 0.22* 0.59 5628 0.34 0.42 46.9 5.68* 520* 0.59 520* 14.31 0.72 0.17 0.60 0.14 0.15 0.70 5.68' 050 0.40 0.03 1.60 027 0.03 10.8 0.02 2.00 0.01 ND 0.01 NO ND ND ND ND ND ND ND TEC represents the sum of toxtety-welgMed concentrations of al dtadns and furans relative to 2,3,75 TCDD. The number of compounds shown her* te 36; the oltemnce is the result ot grouping 3 Individual PCS conpounds wtth 1 to 10 chlorines. Five of the PC8« were found at concentrations above SO percent; the remainder were found between 3 and 35 percent. Mean concentration of 1 2.3,6,7,8 HxCDD; 1 25,7,85 HxCDD; and 1 2.3,4,7,8, HxCDD. . Mean concentration of 1 25,4.75 HxCOF; 2,3,4,6,75 HxCOF; 1 25,6.75 KxCOF; and 125,75,9 HxCDF. Mean concentration of nonachtor, tram and nonecntor, ch. Mean concentration ot Utoniane. ds and chtortane, trans. ------- TABLE! Number of Sites with Estimated Upper-Bound Risks TARGETED STTFS No. of Sites with Fillet Chemical >10H 10° D«U f>l in 1.000,000) (>1 in 100,00) Ol in 10.000) (>1 in 1.000) PCBs Dieldrin Combined Chlordane DDE Heptachlor Epoxide Alpfaa-BHC Mirex HCB Gamma-BHC Heptachlor Dicofol Hexachlorobutadiene Pentachloroanisole Trifluralin 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 .106 106 106 89 53 44 40 9 11 g 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 79 31 10 10 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chemical BACKGROUND SITES No. of Sites wtthFilkt >10'6 >10'5 >10~* Data (>1 in 1,000,000) (>1 in 100,000) (>1 in 10,000) (>1 in 1,000) PCBs DDE 4' 4 I 0 0 0 0 0 Basis: 1) Used EPA (i.e.. upper bound) cancer potency factors. 2) Used consumption rate of 6.5 grams/day. 3) Used average fillet concentrations at the few sites with multiple samples. Combined chlordane is the sum of cis- and trans-chlordane isomers, cis- and trans-nonachlor isomers, and oxychlordane. 755 ------- SITES WITH ESTIMATED RISK GREATER THAN 10"» (1 in 10,000) WITH ADVISORIES OR BANS EPA Region Region 2 Region 3 Region 4 RegionS Waterfaody Hudson R. Lake Ontario Grass R. Lake Ontario Niagara R. Eighteen Mile Creek Oswego Harbor Hudson R. Niagara R. Delta Oswegatchie R. PassaicR. Arthur Kill R. Newark Bay Red Lion Creek Baltimore Harbor Little Valley Creek Delaware R. N. Br. Susquehanna R. Susquehanna R. Schuylkill R. Delaware R. KaaawhaR. Ohio R. CoosaR. Chattahoochee R. MudR. Nonconnah Creek Waukegan Harbor qty Fort Miller, NY Olcott,NY Massena,NY Rochester, NY N. Tonawanda, NY 01cott,NY Oswego, NY Peekskill, NY Porter, NY Newton Falls, NY Newark, NJ Carteret, NJ Elizabeth, NJ Tybouts Comer, DE Baltimore, MD Paoli, PA Torresdale, PA Ransom, PA Pittson, PA Philadelphia, PA Eddystone, PA Winfield, WV Wheeling, WV State Line, AL Austell, GA RusseUville, KY Memphis, TN Waukegan, IL ------- EPA Region Waterfaodv City. Mississippi R. East St. Louis, IL Mississippi R. Quincy, IL Kalamazoo R. Saugatnck,.MI Esctnab*.R. Escanaba, MI Rouge R. River Rouge, MI Muslcegon Lake Muskegon, MI Mississippi R. Red Wing, MN Milwaukee R. Milwaukee, WI Shefaoygan R. Kohler, WI Wisconsin R. U. Pentenwell Flow, WI Region 6 Calcasieu R. Moss Lake, LA Neches R. (tidal) Port Arthur, TX Region 7 Missouri River Lexington, MO ------- ADDITIONAL MONITORING ONLY (NO ADVISORIES OR BANS NEEDED) EPA Region Region 3 Region 5 Region 9 Region 10 Waterbodv Roanoke R. S. Br. Elizabeth River FoxR. Blanco Drain Owyhee River Location Brookneal, VA Norfolk, VA Geneva, IL Salinas, CA Owyhee, OR ------- OPA REGIONAL DIRECTORS JULY 1992 Region 1 EPA9115 Chris Jendras OPA US EPA JFK Federal Building Boston MA 02203 COMM: (617) 565-2713 FAX : X3415 Region a HPA9212 Jim Marshall OEP US EPA 26 Federal Plaza New York, NY 10278 COMM: (212) 264-2515 FAX : X8109 Region 3 EPA9315 Janet Viniski OPA US EPA 841 Chestnut St. Philadelphia,PA 191( COMM: (215) 597-937| FAX : X096I Region 4 EPA9413 Hagan Thompson OPA US EPA 345 Courtland str. NE Atlanta GA 30365 COMM: (404) 347-3004 FAX : X3721 Region 7 EPA9715 Rowena Michaels 726 Minnesota Ave. Kansas City, KS 66101 COMM: (913) 551-7003 FAX : X7066 Region 5 EPA9513 Margaret McCue OPA US EPA 77 w. Jackson Blvd. Chicago, IL 60604 COMM: (312) 353-2072 FAX : X1155 Region 8 EPA9812 Nola Cooke 999 18th Str. Denver, CO 80202 COMM: (303) 294-1692 FAX : X7665 Region 6 BPA9621 Phil Charles OPA US EPA 1445 Ross Ave. Dallas, TXX 75202 COMM: (214) 655-644' FAX : X211J Region 9 EPA9912 Virginia Donohue 75 Hawthorne St. San Fran., CA 94105 COMM: (415) 744-102< FAX : X160! Region 10 EPA9018 Bob Jacobson OPA US EPA 1200 6th Ave. Seattle WA 98101 COMM: (206) 553-1203 FAX : X0149 RTP LAB EPA8070 Debbie Janes Environ. Reseaarch Ctr, Research Triangle Pk. RTP, NC 27711 COMM: (919) 541-4577 FAX : X1831 Cincinnati EPA8061 Andy Avel Environ. Research C1 26 W. Martin L. Kinc Cincinnati, OH 452< COMM: (513) 569-7771 FAX : X777( ------- |