United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
4305
EPA-823-R-98-003
May 1998
Bacterial Water Quality Standards
Status Report

-------

-------
BACTERIAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

       FOR RECREATIONAL WATERS



  (FRESHWATER AND MARINE WATERS)
                STATUS REPORT
                         Prepared by:

                         Standards and Applied Science Division
                         Office of Science and Technology
                         Office of Water
                         U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                         Washington, DC 20460

-------
                                         Disclaimer
This publication was prepared by Tetra Tech, Inc. under contract to the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA). Secondary information sources were used to compile data presented in this document. In
no event shall either the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or Tetra Tech, Inc. have any responsibility
or liability for any use, misuse, or reliance upon the information contained herein, nor does either warrant
or otherwise represent in any way the accuracy, adequacy, efficacy, or applicability of the contents hereof.

The reader should consult the water quality standards of a particular state for exact regulatory language
applicable to that state. Copies of state water quality standards may be obtained from the state's Water
Pollution Control Agency or its equivalent.

Additional information may also be obtained from:

Water Quality Standards Branch
Standards and Applied Science Division (4305)
Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
                                                11

-------
Contents

1.     Introduction	            j

2.     Bacterial Water Quality Standards - Summary Information
              Summary of Bacterial Water Quality Standards for States and Territories Within
                     EPA Regions	 5
              Summary of Bacterial Water Quality Standards for Tribes Within EPA Regions	 7
              Narrative Summary	 g

3.     Bacterial Water Quality Standards - Detailed Overview
              Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region  	 11

              EPA Region 1
                     Connecticut	 \ \
                     Maine  	 \ \
                     Massachusetts	 \ \
                     New Hampshire  	 12
                     Rhode Island	 12
                     Vermont  	 13

              EPA Region 2
                     New Jersey	 13
                     New York	 14
                     Puerto Rico	 16
                     Virgin Islands	 16

              EPA Region 3
                     Delaware	 17
                     District of Columbia	 17
                     Maryland	 17
                     Pennsylvania	 17
                     Virginia	 lg
                     West Virginia	 lg

              EPA Region 4
                     Alabama	 lg
                     Florida	  19
                     Georgia	  19
                     Kentucky	  19
                     Mississippi  	  19
                     North Carolina 	  20
                     South Carolina 	  20
                     Tennessee	;	  20
                                            ill

-------
EPA Region 5
       Illinois	  21
       Indiana 	  21
       Michigan	  21
       Minnesota	  22
       Ohio  	  22
       Wisconsin	  22

EPA Region 6
       Arkansas	  23
       Louisiana	  23
       New Mexico	  23
       Oklahoma	  23
       Texas	  24

EPA Region 7
       Iowa  	  24
       Kansas	  24
       Missouri 	  24
       Nebraska	  25

EPA Region 8
       Colorado	  25
       Montana 	  25
       North Dakota  	  25
       South Dakota  	  25
       Utah	  26
       Wyoming  	  26

EPA Region 9
       American Samoa	  26
       Arizona	  26
       California  	  27
       Hawaii	  28
       Guam	  29
       Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands  	  29
       Nevada 	  30
       Trust Territory 	•	  30

EPA Region 10
       Alaska	  31
       Idaho	  31
       Oregon  	  31
       Washington	  32
                              IV

-------
Introduction

EPA's Beach Program
On May 23, 1997, EPA Administrator Carol Browner announced the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's new Beaches Environmental Assessment, Closure, and Health (BEACH) Program. The goal of
the BEACH program is to significantly reduce the risk of infection to users of the nation's recreational
waters through improvements in recreational water programs, communication, and scientific advances.
High levels of pathogens in recreational waters can increase human exposure through ingestion, inhalation,
and body contact, thus increasing the risk of illness. Surveys and ongoing scientific studies continue to
document the presence of, or the potential for, disease-carrying bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens
present in local beach water, primarily from sewage and stormwater runoff.

Through its BEACH program, EPA is working to:
•   Strengthen state, tribal,  and local programs, including water quality standards;
•   Develop and implement new tools to inform the public;
•   Conduct research to improve the scientific basis for beach programs.

One specific focus of this program and the water quality standards program is to review and strengthen
bacterial water quality standards.
Status Report
The purpose of the Status Report is to provide a brief overview of the bacterial water quality standards that
have been adopted by states for their marine and fresh recreational waters in the United States.  This  report
is based on consultations with EPA water quality standards coordinators. The report is accurate as of
September 1997; however, there may be revisions to standards that are not reflected in this report.  EPA
will update the report periodically to reflect new information.

The following tables contain updated information on the bacterial water quality standards that have been
adopted by states, territories, and tribes to protect human health from waterborae diseases within their
jurisdictions. The information is presented in summary format for both states/territories and tribes. The
standards are also described in more detail. The summary is organized first by EPA region, and then by
state, territory, and tribe within each region.

For the precise regulatory language applicable to a particular state, the reader should consult the water
quality standards of that state.  Copies of state water quality standards may be obtained from the state's
water quality management agency or its equivalent.

The reader should also note that these may not be the only guidelines or standards in effect for recreational
waters in a particular location. It is not uncommon for a local health agency to develop and adopt site-
specific guidelines as part of their public health codes. Although EPA is compiling a catalog of these
guidelines, one should consult with the appropriate local health agency to obtain detailed information.

-------
Water Quality Standards Background
In response to widespread public concern about the condition of our nation's waters, the United States
Congress enacted landmark legislation hi 1972. This statute, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972 (referred to as the Clean Water Act of 1972, or CWA), expanded and built upon
existing laws designed to control and prevent water pollution. Successive amendments to the 1972 CWA
(the Clean Water Act of 1977 and the Water Quality Act of 1987) have continued to strengthen the law to
better protect our nation's waters.

Water quality standards are the cornerstone of a state's water quality management program.  States,
territories, and Indian tribes set water quality standards for waters within their jurisdictions.  Water quality
standards define a use for a waterbody and describe the specific water quality criteria to achieve that use.
The water quality standards also contain antidegradation policies to protect existing water quality. These
are the goals by which success is ultimately gauged for a given waterbody or watershed.

The water quality standards program is administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Congress has mandated that EPA is responsible for providing water quality criteria recommendations,
approving state-adopted standards for interstate waters, evaluating adherence to the standards, and
overseeing enforcement of standards compliance. Guidance for the development of standards by
individual states, tribes, and territories is contained in the EPA documents Water Quality Standards
Handbook, Second Edition (1983) and Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Bacteria (1986).

Fecal bacteria have been used as an indicator of the possible presence of pathogens in surface waters and
the risk of disease, based on epidemiological evidence of gastrointestinal disorders from ingestion of
contaminated surface water or raw shellfish.  Contact with contaminated water can lead to ear or skin
infections, and inhalation of contaminated water can cause respiratory diseases. The pathogens responsible
for these diseases can be bacteria, viruses, protozoans, fungi, or parasites that live in the gastrointestinal
tract and are shed in the feces of warm-blooded animals.

However, because of the difficulties in analyzing for and detecting the many possible pathogens or
parasites, concentrations of fecal bacteria, including fecal coliforms, enterococci, and Escherichia coli, are
used as the primary indicators of fecal contamination. The latter two indicators are considered to have a
higher degree of association with outbreaks of certain diseases than fecal coliforms and were recommended
as the basis for bacterial water quality standards in the 1986 Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Bacteria
document (both for fresh waters,  enterococci for marine waters).  The standards are defined as a
concentration of the indicator above which the health risk from waterborne disease is unacceptably high.

Prior to the 1986 revision to the National criterion, there were recommendations in the  report of the
National Technical Advisory Committee to the Secretary of the Interior, Water Quality Criteria (1967) and
by EPA in Quality Criteria for Water (1976).  Both of these documents were based on fecal coliforms and
recommended that maximum densities not exceed geometric means of 200 organisms per 100 ml in
recreational waters.

The 1986 criteria statement for bacteriological criteria follows:

-------
                          EPA Criteria for Bathing (Full Body Contact)
                                      Recreational Waters
Freshwater

       Based on a statistically sufficient number of samples (generally not less than 5 samples equally
spaced over a 30-day period), the geometric mean of the indicated bacterial densities should not exceed
one or the other of the following:1
                             E. coli
                             Enterococci
126 per 100 ml; or
33 per 100 ml.
No sample should exceed a one sided confidence limit (C.L.) calculated using the following as guidance:

                      Designated bathing beach       75% C.L.
                      Moderate use for bathing       82% C.L.
                      Light use for bathing           90% C.L.
                      Infrequent use for bathing       95% C.L.
based on a site-specific log standard deviation, or if site data are insufficient to establish a log standard
deviation, then using 0.4 as the log standard deviation for both indicators.

Marine Water

       Based on a statistically sufficient number of samples (generally not less than 5 samples equally
spaced over a 30-day period), the geometric mean of the enterococci densities should not exceed 35 per
100 ml.

No sample should exceed a one sided confidence limit using the following as guidance:
                      Designated bathing beach       75% C.L.
                      Moderate use for bathing       82% C.L.
                      Light use for bathing           90% C.L.
                      Infrequent use for bathing      95% C.L.
based on a site-specific log standard deviation, or if site data are insufficient to establish a log standard
deviation, then using 0.7 as the log standard deviation.

'Only one indicator should be used.  The regulatory agency should select the appropriate indicator for its
conditions.

-------
Acknowledgements
This report was compiled by Rick Hoffmann and Kent Ballentine in the Office of Science and Technology.
To ensure the completeness and accuracy of this overview, the following EPA Regional Water Quality
Standards Coordinators were contacted:

Region 1:    BillBeckwith
             Office of Ecosystem Protection
             Boston, MA

Region 2:    Wayne Jackson
             Division of Environmental Planning and Protection
             New York, NY

Region 3:    Evelyn MacKnight
             Water Protection Division
             Philadelphia, PA

Region 4:    Fritz Wagener
             Water Management Division
             Atlanta, GA

Region 5:    David Pfeifer
             Water Division
             Chicago, IL

Region 6:    Cheryl Overstreet
             Water Quality Protection Division
             Dallas, TX

Region 7:    Larry Shepard
             Water, Wetlands and Pesticides Division
             Kansas City, KS

Region 8:    Bill Wuerthele
             Office of Ecosystems Protection and Remediation
             Denver, CO

Region 9:    Phil Woods
             Water Division
             San Francisco, CA

Region 10:    LisaMacchio
             Office of Water
             Seattle, WA

-------
Bacterial Water Quality Standards - Summary Information
         Summary of Bacterial Water Quality Standards for States and Territories
                                     Within EPA Regions
Region/State Freshwater Marine Water
Region/State Freshwa
Region 1 Region 2
CT EN/FC/TC1'2 EN
ME EC EN
MA FC FC
NH EC EN
RI FC/TC FC
VT EC
NJ EN/FC
NY FC/TC
PR
VI


ter Marine Water

EN/FC
FC/TC
EN/FC/TC
FC


Region 3 Region 4
DE EN EN
DC FC
MD FC FC
PA FC
VA FC FC
WV FC


AL FC
'FL FC
GA FC
KY FC
MS FC
NC FC
SC FC
TN FC
FC
FC
FC
•
FC
FC
FC
•
Region 5 Region 6
IL FC
IN EC
MI EC/FC
MN FC
OH EC/FC
WI FC
AR FC
LA FC
NM FC
•
FC
•
OK EC/EN/FC
TX FC/EN

FC

 1 FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms; EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli.

 2 Many jurisdictions use both the 1986 indicator criteria and fecal coliforms; some continue to use total coliforms. Even if a state
 has the authority to use the 1986 indicators, it may use another indicator at its discretion.

-------
        Summary of Bacterial Water Quality Standards for States and Territories
                                    Within EPA Regions
Region/State Freshwater Marine Water
Region/State | Freshwater Marine Water
Region 7 Region 8
IA FC •
KS FC . . •
MO FC
NE FC
CO FC •
MT FC
ND FC
SD FC
UT FC/TC •
WY FC
Region 9 Region 10
AZ EC/FC
CA EC/EN/FC/TC3 EN/FC/TC
HI FC EN
NV EC/FC
Amer. Samoa FC FC
CNMI EC/EN/FC EN
Guam FC FC
Trust Territory FC EN/FC
AK FC FC
ED FC
OR EC FC
WA FC FC
3 California has 9 Regional Boards; some use the 1986 indicator criteria, whereas some use fecal coliforms and total coliforms
entirely or for other purposes.

-------
    Summary of Bacterial Water Quality Standards for Tribes Within EPA Regions
Region/State
Region 6
MM






OK
Region 8
CO
MT

ND
Region 9
CA
Region 10
WA


Tribe

Isleta Pueblo
Nambe Pueblo
Picuris Pueblo
Pojoaque Pueblo
Sandia Pueblo
San Juan Pueblo
Santa Clara Pueblo
Seminole Tribe

Southern Utes Tribe
Salish and Kootenai Tribes - Flathead Tribes
Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes - Fort Peck Reservation
Three Affiliated Tribes - Fort Berthold Reservation

Hoopa Valley Tribe

Chehalis Tribe
Colville Confederated Tribes
Puyallup Tribe
Freshwater

FC1
FC
FC
FC
FC
FC
FC
FC

FC
FC (Adopted)
EC (Proposed)
FC (Proposed)

EC

FC
EN
FC
FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms; EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli.

-------
Narrative Summary    (as of September, 199?)
For freshwaters, 37 states, the District of Columbia, and two trust territories still rely on the 1968
200 FC/100 mL water standard as their primary indicator for recreational waters:
       Alabama
       Arkansas
       California (some regions)
       Colorado
       District of Columbia
       Florida
       Hawaii
       Illinois
       Iowa
       Kansas
       Kentucky
       Louisiana
       Commonwealth of the
          Northern Marianna
          Islands
Maryland
Massachusetts
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Trust Territory
Utah
Virginia
Wisconsin
West Virginia
Wyoming
Seven states and two territories have fecal and/or total coliform standards more stringent than 200 FC/
100 mL and 1000 TC/100 mL:
       Alaska
       American Samoa
       California (some regions)
Guam
Idaho
Illinois (Lake Michigan)
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Washington
Eleven states and one territory have adopted an E. coli standard for freshwater:
       Arizona
       California
          (San Francisco Bay,
          San Diego, and
          Colorado River Basin
          regions)
       Indiana
       Maine
Commonwealth of the
   Northern Mariana
   Islands
Michigan
Nevada
   (Lake Tahoe and
   Humboldt River)
New Hampshire
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Vermont
 Six states, one tribe, and one territory use enterococci as a standard for freshwater:
        California
          (San Francisco Bay,
          San Diego, Colorado
          River Basin regions)
        Connecticut
 Delaware
 Commonwealth of the
   Northern Mariana
   Islands
 New Jersey
 Oklahoma
Texas
   (Houston Ship Channel)
Washington-Colville
   Confederated Tribes

-------
 Eight states and one territory use a combination of bacterial indicator standards:
        California (E. coli, enterococci, fecal and total coliforms)
        Connecticut (enterococci, fecal and total coliforms)
        Ohio (E. coli and fecal coliforms)
        Oklahoma (choice of E. coli, enterococci, or fecal coliforms)
        Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (E. coli and enterococci)
        Michigan (E. coli and fecal coliforms)
        New Jersey (enterococci and fecal coliforms)
        New York (fecal and total coliforms)
        Rhode Island (fecal and total coliforms)

 Twelve tribes use or have proposed using fecal coliform densities for evaluating freshwater quality, one
 uses enterococci, and two use or have proposed using E. coli.

 Of those jurisdictions having marine water quality standards, 17 states and three trust territories use fecal
 coliforms:
        Alabama
        Alaska
        American Samoa
        California
        Florida
        Georgia
        Guam
 Louisiana
 Maryland
 Massachusetts
 Mississippi
 New Jersey
 New York
 North Carolina
Six states and one territory use enterococci:
       Connecticut
       Delaware
       Hawaii
Commonwealth of the
        Northern Mariana
        Islands
Maine
 Oregon
 Rhode Island
 South Carolina
 Texas
 Virgin Islands
 Virginia
 Washington
New Hampshire
New Jersey
        (1500ft-3mifrom
        shoreline)
One state and two territories use a combination of fecal coliforms and enterococci:

       California (San Diego Region, Shore)
       Puerto Rico
       Trust Territory

Six states and the District of Columbia have included provisions in which the numeric criteria for bacteria
standards do not apply where CSOs and storm water discharges are likely to result in violations:
       Delaware
       District of Columbia
       Iowa
Michigan
Missouri
North Carolina
Utah

-------
Twenty-one states have seasonal standards, where the criteria apply only during the swimming season:
       Alabama
       Arkansas
       Georgia
       Idaho
       Indiana
       Iowa
       Kansas
Maine
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
South Dakota
Vermont
West Virginia
Wyoming
                                                 10

-------
Bacterial Water Quality Standards - Detailed Overview
                   Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
                                                 Freshwater              Marine

                           Class	Primary   Secondary   Primary   Secondary
Region    State
 Region 1  Connecticut     Class AA         100TC

                                           No single sample to exceed 500 TC.  Class AA
                                           waters are not meant for contact recreation.

                           Class A/SA      33 EN     100TC      33 EN

                                           No single sample may exceed 61 EN. TC value is
                                           monthly moving average. No more than 10% of TC
                                           samples may exceed 500.

                           Class B/SB      33 EN     200 FC      33 EN

                                           No single sample may exceed 61 EN. No more than
                                            10% of FC single samples may exceed 400.

           Comments:

           Maine          Class AA&      (see                    (see note)
                           A/SA           note)

                                           Note: Bacteria content may be as naturally occurs.

                           Class B/SB      64 EC                 8 EN

                                           For season May 15—September 30. Class B may not
                                           exceed instantaneous level of 427 EC. Class SB may
                                           not exceed instantaneous level of 54 EN.

                           Class C/SC       142 EC                14 EN

                                           For season May 15-September 30. Class C may not
                                           exceed instantaneous level of 949 EC. Class SC may
                                           not exceed instantaneous level of 94 EN.

           Comments:	

           Massachusetts   Class A/SA      20 FC                 200 FC

                                           Primary freshwater value based on arithmetic mean.
                                           No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 100
                                           and 400, respectively, Marine value may be applied
                                           seasonally.
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coif); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                           11

-------
                   Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
 Region    State
Class
     Freshwater               Marine

Primary  Secondary  |  Primary    Secondary
 Region 1  Massachusetts   Class B/SB
                200 FC
                       200 FC
           Comments:
           New
           Hampshire
           Comments:
           Rhode Island
                                           No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
                                           Marine value may be applied seasonally.
                           Class C/SC                 1000FC                1000FC

                                           No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 2000.
Class A
47 EC
35 EN
                                           No single sample may exceed 153 EC or 104 EN,
                                           respectively.  For "beach," no single sample may
                                           exceed 88 EC. Based on minimum of 3 samples taken
                                           in a 60-day period.
                           Class B
                126 EC
                       35 EN
                           Class B
                           (beaches)
                           Temporary
                           Partial Use
                No single sample may exceed 406 EC or 104 EN,
                respectively. Based on minimum of 3 samples taken
                in a 60-day period.

                47 EC

                No single sample may exceed 88 EC.  Based on
                minimum of 3 samples taken in a 60-day period.
                (none)     (none)
                       (none)
           (none)
Class A/SA
100TC
20 FC
70 TC
15FC
                                           Primary values based on median. No more than 10%
                                           of TC samples may exceed 500 and 330, respectively.
                                           No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 200
                                           and 50, respectively.
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coli); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
AH numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.
                                           12

-------
                   Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
Region    State
Class
     Freshwater              Marine

Primary  Secondary  | Primary    Secondary
Region 1   Rhode Island    Class B/SB       1000 TC                700 TC

                                            Values based on median. No more than 20% and 10%
                                            of  TC  samples may  exceed  2400  and  2300,
                                            respectively.

                                            200 FC                  50 FC

                                            Values based on median. No more than 20% and 10%
                                            of FC samples may exceed 500 and 500, respectively.

                           Class C/SC                 (see note)                 (see note)

                                            Note: None in concentrations that would impair any
                                            uses assigned to this class.

           Comments:       Marine FC criteria are guides pending further research.	

           Vermont        Class A	18 EC	

                           Class B          77 EC

                                            Secretary may waive October 31-April  1.
           Comments:
 Region 2  New Jersey
Saline Coastal
(SC) Waters
                                                                   50 FC
                           Within 1500 ft
                           of Coastline
                 35 EN
                           Freshwater 2
                           (FW2)
                 200 FC

                 No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coli); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                            13

-------
                    Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
  Region    State
 Class
     Freshwater               Marine

Primary  Secondary    Primary    Secondary
  Region 2  New Jersey
            Comments:
           New York
 FW2 (cont.)      33 EN

                 No single sample may exceed 61 EN.

 Saline Estuary 1
 (SE1) and SC                            200 FC

	No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.

 1500 ft-3 mi
 from shoreline                           35 EN

                 No single sample may exceed 104 EN.

 Saline Estuary 2
 (SE2)	        770 FC

 Saline Estuary 3
 (SE3)	  1500FC

 Mainstem Delaware River and Delaware Bay:

 Zones
 1C, ID, IE, 6     200 FC

 Zone 2           200 FC    770 FC

                 Primary RM 133.4-117.81; secondary  RM 133.4-
                 108.4

 Zones 3,4       	770 FC	

 Zone 5           200 FC    770 FC

                 Primary RM 59.5-48.2; secondary RM 78.8-59.5


 Class AA        50 TC

                 Value  based on median. No more than 20% of TC
                 samples may exceed 240. Standards apply during
                 periods of disinfection.
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coli); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.
                                           14

-------
                   Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
                                                 Freshwater               Marine

                           Class	Primary   Secondary  | Primary    Secondary
Region    State
 Region 2  New York
                           Class A
                           Class B/SB
                           Class C/SC
                           Class D/SD
                            Class I
                            Class A-Special
                            (A-S)

                            Fresh Surface
                            Water
2400 TC
200 FC
                                           TC value based on median. No more than 20% of TC
                                           samples may exceed 20,000.
                                           2400 TC
                                           200 FC
                       2400 TC
                       200 FC
                                            TC values based on median. No more than 20% of TC
                                            samples may exceed 5000.
                                           2400 TC
                                           200 FC
                       2400 TC
                       200 FC
                                            TC values based on median. No more than 20% of TC
                                            samples may exceed 5000.
                                           2400 TC
                                           200 FC
                       2400 TC
                       200 FC
                                           TC values based on median. No more than 20% of TC
                                           samples may exceed 5000.  Criteria apply only to
                                           Class D waters.  There are no bacterial criteria for
                                           Class SD waters. Class SD waters are not meant for
                                           recreational purposes.

                                                                  10000 TC
                                                                  2000 FC
                                           1000 TC

                                           200 FC
           Comments:
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coli); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                           15

-------
                    Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
 Region    State
Class
      Freshwater               Marine
Primary   Secondary  | Primary    Secondary
 Region 2   Puerto Rico
Class SA
                            Class SB
                            Class SC
                            Class SD
                            Class SE
            Comments:
            Virgin Islands   Class A
                            Class B
                            Class C
            Comments:
                       (see note)
Note: May not be altered except by natural causes.
                       35 EN
                       200 FC
35 EN for "intensely used waters"; otherwise, 200
FC.  No more than 20% of FC samples may exceed
400.	
                       10,000 TC
                       2000 FC
No more than 20% of FC samples may exceed 4000.
                       10,000 TC
                       2000 FC
No more than 20% of FC samples may exceed 4000.
                       (see note)
Note: None of the parameters may be altered, except
by natural causes.

(see
note)
Note:  Existing natural conditions are  not to be
changed.
                       70 FC
                                       100FC
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coli); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.
                                            16

-------
                    Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
 Region     State
                     Freshwater               Marine

Class	Primary  Secondary  | Primary    Secondary
 Region 3   Delaware
            Comments:
           District of
           Columbia
            Comments:

            Maryland
            Comments:
                100 ENf
100 ENt
                                            The  criteria  are valid only  under  conditions
                                            characterized  by the absence  of rainfall-induced
                                            runoff. These values are Delaware's water quality
                                            standards.
                                            193 ENf
                                        155 ENf
                These  are Delaware's  1997 Recreational Water
                Quality Guidelines for bathing beaches.  No single
                freshwater sample may exceed 360 EN.  No single
                marine sample may exceed 2,212 EN, or 460 EN
                within one-half mile of Indian River Inlet.

fEPA has not yet approved these criteria.
                200 FCf    lOOOFCf
                Numeric standard  for  FC,  DO,  turbidity, and
                unionized NH3 do not apply for 24 hr following high
                flow conditions.

fEPA has not yet approved these criteria.

                200 FC    200 FC       200 FC      200 FC

                No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
           Pennsylvania     Bacl
                            Bac2
                            Bac3
                200 FC
                Swimming season (May 1-September 30). 2000 FC
                applies during the rest of the year.

                          5000 FC

                No more than 20% of samples may exceed 5000 FC.
                No more than 5% of samples may exceed 20,000 FC.

                          5000 FC
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coll); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                            17

-------
                    Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
                                                 Freshwater               Marine
                            Class	Primary   Secondary  [  Primary    Secondary
Region    State
 Region 3   Pennsylvania     Bac4                      770 FC
                                            Delaware River from head of tide to Burlington Bristol
                                            Bridge.
                            Bac 5            200 FC
                                            Delaware River from Burlington Bristol Bridge to
                                            Pennsylvania-Delaware line.
            Comments:
            Virginia                         200IFC    200 FC      20.H£    ™.F9.
                                            Based on two or more samples over 30 days.  No
                                            sample may exceed a maximum of 1000 FC.
            Comments:	
            West Virginia    Categories A&C   200FC
                                            No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
                            Ohio River       2000 FC
                            (Category C)     	
                                            For nonrecreation season November-April only.
            Comments:
 Region 4   Alabama                        2. °..0. ££    ?®*FC      1W.*9.    19.9.??
                                            Primary applies year-round. Secondary applies for out
                                            of season (October-May). Out of season mean 2000
                                            FC; 4000 FC sample maximum for freshwater and
                                            marine waters.
           Comments:
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coif); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.
                                           18

-------
                    Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
  Region 4  Florida
            Comments:
            Georgia
            Comments:
            Kentucky
            Comments:
                                                 Freshwater
                                              Marine
Region
State
Class
Primary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
                200 FC
200 FC
                                            No more than 10% FC samples may exceed 400; 800
                                            FC on any one day. 1000 TC maximum for monthly
                                            average. No more than 20% of TC single samples
                                            may exceed 1000.  2400 TC maximum on any one
                                            day. Based on minimum of 10 samples.
                200 FC    200 FC
100FC
200 FC
                                            Primary applies year-round. Secondary applies for out
                                            of season (October-May).  Out of season, 1000 FC;
                                            4000 FC sample maximum. Based on minimum of 4
                                            samples.
                200 FC    1000FC
                                           For May-October; no more than 20% of FC samples
                                           may exceed 400 and 2000, respectively.  Out of
                                           season, secondary contact criteria used for primary
                                           waters.
            Mississippi
Recreation       200 FC                200 FC

                No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
                           Fish & Wildlife   200 FC    2000 FC
                                      200 FC
          2000 FC
                                           No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
                                           From November to April, secondary applies and no
                                           more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 4000.
           Comments:
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. colt); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                           19

-------
                    Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
                                                 Freshwater               Marine

                            Class           Primary   Secondary  | Primary    Secondary
Region     State
 Region 4  North Carolina   Class SA        14 FC
                            (shellfishing)
                                            Based on median value. No more than 10% of FC
                                            samples may exceed 43 in those areas most probably
                                            exposed to fecal  contamination during the most
                           	unfavorable hydrographic and pollution conditions.

                            Class B/SB
                            (Primary Recreation,   200 FC                 200 FC
                            FreshYTidal Salt)     	
                                            No more than 20% of FC samples may exceed 400.

                            Class C/SC                 200 FC                 200 FC
                            (Secondary        	-	-	-	•
                                            N° more than 20% °f FC samPles may exceed 400'
                                            Violations are expected immediately following periods
                                            of rainfall in segments where uncontrollable nonpoint
                                            source pollution prevents attainment.

           Comments:	^^^

           South Carolina   Class FW/SA    200 FC                 200 FC

                                            No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.

                            Class SB                                           1000 FC

                                            No more than 20% of FC samples may exceed 2000.

           Comments:                                     	___^___

           Tennessee       Recreation       200 FC

                                            Based on minimum of 10 samples.  No single FC
                                            sample may exceed 1000.
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. colt); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
AH numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                            20

-------
                    Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
 Region     State
Class
     Freshwater              Marine

Primary  Secondary   Primary   Secondary
 Region 4   Tennessee
            Comments:
Domestic Water  1000 FC
Supply
                                            Based on a minimum of 10 samples.  No single FC
                                            sample may exceed 5000.

                            Fish & Wildlife   1000 FC

                                            Based on a minimum of 10 samples.  No single FC
                                            sample may exceed 5000.
 Region 5  Illinois
           Comments:
           Indiana
           Comments:
           Michigan
           Comments:
                200 FC

                No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
                            Lake Michigan   20 FC
                125 EC
                                            For season April through October. May not exceed
                                            235 EC.
                130 EC
                200 FC
                May be exceeded if due to uncontrollable nonpoint
                sources.   Primary standard  can  be temporarily
                suspended due to flood, accident, or emergencies that
                affect a sewer or wastewater treatment system.  Can be
                suspended November 1-April 30.

The EC value is used for ambient monitoring; the FC value is used for
assessing effluent discharges.
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coif); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                            21

-------
                    Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
                                                  Freshwater               Marine

                            Class	Primary   Secondary  ]  Primary    Secondary
Region    State
 Region 5   Minnesota
                           Class A
200 FC
                                            No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
                                            Criterion applies only during the March 1-Qctober 31
                                             season.
                            Class B
                                           200 FC
                                            No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 2000.
                                            Criterion applies only during the March 1-October 31
                                            season.
            Comments:
            Ohio
                           Lake Erie &
                           Ohio River Uses
200 FC
126 EC
                                            No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
                                            No more than 10% of EC samples may exceed 235.
                                            Based on not less than 5 samples taken during any
                                            30-day period.
                            Rest of state
                                           1000FC
                                           126 EC
          5000 FC
          576 EC
            Comments:
            Wisconsin
                                           No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 2000
                                           and 5000, respectively. No more than 10% of EC
                                           samples may  exceed 298  [primary]  and 576
                                           [secondary].

                          Both Lake Erie and the Ohio River are designated as bathing waters. For
                          each designation, at least one of the two bacterial standards (FC or EC)
                          must be met. These criteria apply outside the mixing zone.

                                           200 FC

                                           No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
                                           Specific water segments have variances which allow
                                           1000FC.
            Comments:
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coif); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                            22

-------
                   Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
                                                Freshwater              Marine

                           Class           Primary  Secondary  | Primary   Secondary
Region    State
Region 6   Arkansas
           Comments:
           Lousiana
           Comments:
           New Mexico
           Comments:
           Oklahoma
           Comments:
                                           200 FC    1000 FC
                                           No more than 10% of FC sample may exceed 400 and
                                           2000, respectively. For extraordinary resource waters,
                                           primary standard always applies; for other waters,
                                           primary standard in effect April l-September30.  Rest
                                           of year, secondary applies.
                                           200 FC    1000FC
200 FC
                                                                              1000 FC
                                           No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400
                                           and 2000, respectively.
                                           200 FC     1000 FC
                           Select Segments:
                                           No single sample may exceed 400 FC or 2000 FC,
                                           respectively.

                                           100 FC

                                           No single sample may exceed 200 FC
                                           200 FC
                                           126 EC
                                           33 EN
                                                      Narrative
                                           For May-September; rest of year, secondary narrative
                                           applies.  No more  than 10% of FC samples may
                                           exceed 400.

                           Adopted WQS to allow choice o/FC, EC, EN.	 	
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coli); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                            23

-------
                     Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
  Region     State
 Class
     Freshwater               Marine

Primary  Secondary   Primary    Secondary
  Region 6  Texas
                 200 FC    2000 FC
                       200 FC
2000 FC
                                             No more than 10% of samples may exceed 400 FC. If
                                             10 or fewer samples collected, no single sample may
                                             exceed 400 FC and 4000 FC, respectively.
                          Houston Ship Channel   168 EN
            Comments:
  Region 7  Iowa
            Comments:
            Kansas
            Comments:
            Missouri
            Comments:
                 No more than 10% of EN samples (if more than 10
                 samples) or a single sample (if fewer than 10 samples)
                 may exceed 500.  This criterion applies for two
                 segments of the Houston Ship Channel.

 Texas  Department of Health uses most probable number  (MPN)
 methodology; Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission uses
 membrane filtration (MF) methodology.

                 200 FC

                 For April  1-October 31 season. Excepted when
                 waters are materially affected by surface runoff, but
                 FC levels downstream from discharge may not be
                 >200 more than the background level upstream.
                 200 FC    2000 FC
                 No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
                 Primary contact use  applies April  1-October 31.
                 Secondary applies year-round.

Classified surface -waters may be excluded from the application of the
numeric criteria for fecal coliform -when stream flow exceeds 50% of the
estimated 2-year flood'flow.

                 200 FC

                 For periods when the stream or lake is not affected by
                 storm water runoff. Applies April 1-October 30.

State applies FC WQC to designated losing streams also, but on a year-
round basis.
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coli); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
AH numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.
                                            24

-------
                   Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
 Region    State
Class
     Freshwater               Marine

Primary   Secondary  |  Primary    Secondary
 Region 7   Nebraska
           Comment:
                200 FC
                                           No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
                                           Applies May 1- September 30.
 Region 8   Colorado

           Comments:
                200 FC    2000 FC
           Montana
Class A
50 FC
                           Class B-E        200 FC

                                           No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
           Comments:
           North Dakota
           Comments:
           South Dakota
           Comments:
                200 FC

                Only during recreation season May 1-September 30.
                200 FC    1000 FC
                                           No more than 20% of FC samples may exceed 200
                                           and 1000, respectively. Any one FC sample may not
                                           exceed 400 and 2000, respectively. Criteria apply
                                           May 1-September 30.
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. colt); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                           25

-------
                   Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
                                                 Freshwater              Marine

                           Class   	Primary   Secondary  | Primary   Secondary
Region    State
 Region 8  Utah
           Comments:
           Wyoming
           Comments:
                          Class 2A
1000 TC
200 FC
                           Class 2B
                                          Failure  of stream  to meet WQS  when flow  is
                                          unusually high is not a cause for action if discharger is
                                          meeting permit requirements.

                                                     5000 TC
                                                     200 FC
                                          200 FC    1000FC
                                           No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400
                                           and 2000, respectively. For recreational season May 1
                                           -September 30.
 Region 9  American
           Samoa
           Comments:
           Arizona
           Comments:
                                           100 FC                 100 FC

                                           No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 200.
                                           130 EC    1000 FC
                                            Single sample maximum of 580 EC in primary. No
                                            more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400 and
                                            2000, respectively.  Limits of 200 FC also apply to
                                            secondary waters that are effluent-dominated.
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coli); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                           26

-------
                    Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
                                                  Freshwater               Marine

                            Class	Primary   Secondary  |  Primary    Secondary
Region     State
 Region 9   California
                           North Coastal
                           Region           50 FC                  50 FC

                                            No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.

                           SF Bay Region    200 FC    2000 FC      200 FC     2000 FC
                                            240 TC                 240 TC

                                            No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.

                                            33ENf
                                            126 ECf

                                            fMaximum EN and EC limits vary by level of use.

                           Central Coast     200 FC    2000 FC      200 FC     2000 FC
                           Region         	"	
                                            No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.

                           Los Angles       200 FC    2000 FC      200 FC     2000 FC
                           Region
                                            No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.

                           Central Valley    200 FC
                           Region
                                            No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.

                           Fplsom Lake:       100 FC

                                            No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 200.

                           Lahontan         20 FC
                           Region         	
                             o           ...... [[[
                           (Eagle Lake  Susan    No more ^^ 10o/0 of pc samples may exceed 400.
                           River, Lake Tahoe)
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coli); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric

-------
                   Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
 Region    State
Class
     Freshwater              Marine

Primary   Secondary  | Primary   Secondary
Region 9 California


Colorado River
Basin Region

200 FC
33 EN
126 EC

630 EC
165 EN
                                           No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
                                           Also maximum limits for EN and EC vary by level of
                                           use.
                           Santa Ana
                           Region
                200 FC    2000 FC
                      200 FC
2000 FC
                                           No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400;
                                           100 TC maximum in lakes and streams designated as
                                           domestic water supply.
San Diego
Region
Ocean Plan
200 FC 2000 FC
33 EN
126 EC

200 FC
35 EN
1000TC
200 FC
2000 FC

                                           No more than 20% of TC samples may exceed 1000 in
                                           bays and estuaries. No more than 10% of FC samples
                                           may exceed 400.

                           Shore                                 24 EN

                                           12 EN mean over 6 months.
           Comments:
           Hawaii
               200 FC
                      VENf
                                           Inland: based on minimum of 10 samples. No more
                                           than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
                                           f Marine: based on minimum of 5 samples.
           Comments:
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coli); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
AH numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                           28

-------
                    Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
                                                 Freshwater               Marine

                            Class	Primary   Secondary    Primary    Secondary
Region    State
 Region 9   Guam
                          Ml/S I/Shellfish   (see
                                           note)
(see note)
                                            Note:  TC may not be  increased from  natural
                                            conditions at any time.
                            M2/S2
                            M3/S3
                                           70 FC
70 FC
                                            Values based on arithmetic mean. No FC samples may
                                            exceed 400 at any time.
                                           200 FC
200 FC
           Comments:
                                          Values based on arithmetic mean. No FC sample may
                                          exceed 400 at any time.

                          All Guam standards based on a minimum of 4 samples.
Common-
wealth of the
Northern
Mariana
Islands
Comments:
All waters
Class AA
Class 1
Class A
Class 2
200 FC
No FC samples may

33 EN
125 EC

90 EN
300 EC
All Mariana Islands standards based on
200 FC
exceed 400 at any time.
35 EN
35 EN
125 EN

a minimum of 5 samples.
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coll); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                           29

-------
                    Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
 Region    State
Class
     Freshwater              Marine

Primary  Secondary  | Primary   Secondary
 Region 9  Nevada          Class A and B    200 FC

                                            No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.

                      Waters not listed below  200 FC    1000 FC

                                            More stringent of the following:
                                            For 1000 FC, no more than 20% of samples may
                                            exceed 2400 FC.  Annual geometric  mean  FC
                                            concentration may not exceed characteristics of natural
                                            conditions by more than 200 FC, nor 400 FC in a
                                            single sample. For primary, no more than 10% of FC
                                            samples may exceed 400.

                            Lake Tahoe and
                            Tributaries and   126 EC
                            Humboldt River 	'	"	".""'.'	'	'"	""""'"
                            Basjn            Lake Tahoe  also has FC limits between 5 and 32
                                            (median) for offshore and undeveloped lake shore.
                                            Humboldt River Basin has single value of 406 EC.

           Comments:

           Trust Territory  Classes AA and
                            1 (shellfish)       70 FC                  70 FC

                                            Values based on median. No FC single sample may
                                            exceed 230.

                            Classes                                 33 EN
                            AAand A       	"	'	
                                            No EN smgle.sample may exceed 60.

                            Classes A, B,
                            and 2            200 FC                 200 FC

                                            No FC single sample may exceed 400.
            Comments:       All Trust Territory standards based on a minimum of 10 samples.
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coli); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                            30

-------
                     Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
  Region    State
Class
     Freshwater               Marine

Primary   Secondary    Primary   Secondary
  Region   Alaska
     10
                 100 FC    200 FC
                        100FC
200 FC
            Comments:
                 No more than 1 sample, or 10% of the samples if there
                 are more than 10 samples, may exceed 200 FC and
                 400 FC for both freshwater and marine, primary and
                 secondary, respectively.

Alaska designates all waters for all uses, and the most stringent criteria
must be used.  Therefore, for freshwater, the drinking -water use criterion
of 20 FC usually drives most NPDESpermit actions, 303(d) listings, and
TMDL development. For marine -waters, the most stringent bacterial
criterion is for the seafood processing use = 20 FC (no more than 10% of
the samples may exceed 40 FC). Even though Alaska has 100 FC/200 FC
as its recreation criteria, more stringent criteria for other use categories
take precedence.
            Idaho
            Comments:
            Oregon
            Comments:
                 50 FC
          200 FC
                                             No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 200
                                             and 400, respectively. May not exceed 500 and 800,
                                             respectively, at any time. Levels apply during season
                                             May 1-September 30 for primary only; secondary
                                             applies all other times.
                 126 EC
                        HFC
                                             No freshwater single sample may exceed 406 EC. No
                                             more than 10% of FC marine samples may exceed 43.
                                             For estuarine waters other than shellfish growing,
                                             same criterion as freshwater criterion. For estuarine
                                             waters with shellfish, same criterion as marine.
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coli); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                             31

-------
                    Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
                                                  Freshwater               Marine

                            Class	Primary   Secondary  | Primary    Secondary
Region     State
  Region    Washington     Class AA
    10                      (extraordinary)      50 FC                  14 FC

                                             No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 100
                                             and 43, respectively.

                            Class A          100FC                 14FC
                            (excellent)       	"	"	"	
                                             No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 200
                                             and 43, respectively.

                            Class B                    200 FC                  100 FC
                            (good)          	
                                             No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400
                                             and 200, respectively. Only designated for secondary
                                             contact.

                            Class C     '                                       200 FC
                            (fair)           	
                                             No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 400.
                                             Only designated for secondary contact.

                            Lake Class       50 FC

                                             No more than 10% of FC samples may exceed 100.


             Coleville Conf.    Class I           8 EN
                Tribes       (extraordinary)    	
                                             No single sample may exceed 35 EN.

                            Class II          16 EN
                            (excellent)       	
                                             No single sample may exceed 75 EN.

                            Class El                   33 EN
                            (good)          	
                                             No  single  sample may exceed 150 EN.   Only
                                             designated for secondary contact.

                            Lake Class                 33 EN

                                             No single sample may exceed 150 EN.
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coif); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                            32

-------
                      Bacterial Water Quality Standards by EPA Region
  Region    State
Class
      Freshwater

Primary   Secondary
        Marine

Primary    Secondary
  Region    Washington
  10         (Coleville Conf.
             Tribes)
Class IV
(special resource
waters)
(see
note)
                                                Note: May not exceed natural conditions. Applies for
                                                both primary and secondary waters.

             Comments:       Chehalis and Puyallup tribal -water quality standards are identical to
                              Washington's standards for bacteria.	
 Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Regional Offices and Office of Science and Technology, Standards and
        Applied Science Division.
Notes: EN = enterococci; EC = Escherichia coli (E. coli); FC = fecal coliforms; TC = total coliforms.
All numbers indicate the number of microorganisms per 100 mL not to be exceeded, based on the geometric
mean of not less than 5 samples taken over a 30-day period, unless otherwise noted.

                                               33

-------

-------