v>EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Off ice of Water
Washington, D.C.
832-F-99-004
September 1999
Storm Water
O&M Fact Sheet
Preventive Maintenance
DESCRIPTION
Preventive maintenance involves the regular
inspection, testing, and replacement or repair of
equipment and operational systems. As a storm
water best management practice (BMP), preventive
maintenance should be used to monitor systems
built to control storm water. These systems should
be inspected to uncover cracks, leaks, and other
conditions that could cause breakdowns or failures
of storm water mitigation structures and equipment,
which, in turn, could result in discharges of
chemicals to surface waters either by direct
overland flow or through storm drainage systems.
A preventive maintenance program can prevent
breakdowns and failures through adjustment, repair,
or replacement of equipment before a major
breakdown or failure occurs.
Typically, a preventive maintenance program
should include inspections of catch basins, storm
water detention areas, and water quality treatment
systems. Without adequate maintenance, sediment
and debris can quickly clog storm drainage facilities
and render them useless.
APPLICABILITY
Preventive maintenance procedures and activities
are applicable to almost all industrial facilities.
This concept should be a part of a general good
housekeeping program designed to maintain a clean
and orderly work environment. Often the most
effective first step towards preventing storm water
pollution from industrial sites is to improve the
facility's preventive maintenance and general good
housekeeping methods.
For many facilities, preventive maintenance to
protect water quality is simply an extension of
current plant preventive maintenance programs.
Most plants already have preventive maintenance
programs that provide some degree of
environmental protection. Such programs could be
expanded to include storm water considerations.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Preventive maintenance takes a proactive approach
to storm water management and seeks to prevent
problems before they occur. A preventive
maintenance program can improve water quality by
controlling pollutant discharges to surface water
that would result from spills and leaks. Preventive
maintenance programs can also save a facility
money by reducing the likelihood of having a
system breakdown and also by reducing the
likelihood of funding costly cleanup projects. In
addition, a preventive maintenance program can be
an effective community relations tool.
The primary limitations of implementing a
preventive maintenance program include:
• Cost.
• Availability of trained preventive
maintenance staff technicians.
• Management direction and staff motivation
in expanding the preventive maintenance
program to include storm water
considerations.
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KEY PROGRAM COMPONENTS
Elements of a good preventive maintenance
program should include the following:
• Identification of equipment or systems that
may malfunction and cause spills or leaks,
or may otherwise contaminate storm water
runoff. Typical equipment to be inspected
inspected includes pipes, pumps, storage
tanks and bins, pressure vessels, pressure
release valves, process and material
handling equipment, and storm water
management devices.
• Establishment of schedules and procedures
for routine inspections.
• Periodic testing of plant equipment for
structural soundness.
• Prompt repair or replacement of defective
equipment found during inspection and
testing.
• Maintenance of a supply of spare parts for
equipment that needs frequent repairs.
• Use of an organized record-keeping system
to schedule tests and document inspections.
• Commitment to ensure that records are
complete and detailed, and that they record
test results and follow-up actions.
Preventive maintenance inspection records
should be kept with other visual inspection
records.
IMPLEMENTATION
The key to properly implementing and tracking a
preventive maintenance program is through the
continual updating of maintenance records. Update
records immediately after performing preventive
maintenance or repairing an item and review them
annually to evaluate the overall effectiveness of the
program. Then refine the preventive maintenance
procedures as necessary.
No quantitative data on the effectiveness of
preventive maintenance as a BMP is available.
However, it is intuitively clear that an effective
preventive maintenance program will result in
improved storm water discharge quality.
COSTS
The major cost of implementing a preventive
maintenance program on storm water quality is the
staff time required to administer the program.
Typically, this is a small incremental increase if a
preventive maintenance program already exists at
the facility.
REFERENCES
1. U.S. EPA, June, 1981. NPDES Best
Management Practice Guidance Document.
2. U.S. EPA, Pre-print, July 1992. Storm
Water Management for Industrial
Activities: Developing Pollution Prevention
Plans and Best Management Practices.
EPA 832-R-92-006.
3. Washington State Department of Ecology,
February 1992. Storm Water Management
Manual for Puget Sound.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Center for Watershed Protection
Tom Schueler
8391 Main Street
Ellicott City, MD21043
Northern Virginia Planning District Commission
David Bulova
7535 Little River Turnpike, Suite 100
Annandale, VA 22003
Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality
Don Mooney
Water Quality Division, Storm Water Unit
P.O. Box 1677
Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677
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Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning
Commission
Bob Biebel
916 N. East Avenue, P.O. Box 1607
Waukesha, WI53187
United States Postal Service
Charles Vidich
6 Griffin Road North
Windsor, CT 06006-7030
The mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for the use by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
For more information contact:
Municipal Technology Branch
U.S. EPA
Mail Code 4204
401 M St., S.W.
Washington, D.C., 20460
1MTB
Excellence In complfance through optimal technical solutions
MUNICIPAL TECHNOLOGY BRANCH
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