United States Office Of Water EPA 832-R-92-005
Environmental Protection (4204) September 1992
Agency
EPA Storm Wafer Management
For Construction Activities
Developing
Pollution Prevention Plans
And Best Management Practices
Printed on Recycled Paper
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FOREWORD
This manual provides detailed guidance on the development of storm water pollution
prevention plans and identification of appropriate Best Management Practices (BMPs) for
construction activities It provides technical assistance and support for all construction
activities subject to pollution prevention requirements established under National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits for storm water point source discharges.
EPA's storm water program significantly expands the scope and application of the existing
NPDES permit system for municipal and industrial process wastewater discharges. It
emphasizes pollution prevention and reflects a heavy reliance on BMPs to reduce pollutant
loadings and improve water quality. This manual provides essential guidance in both of these
areas.
This document was issued in support, of EPA regulations and policy initiatives involving the
development and implementation of a National storm water program This document is
Agency guidance only. It does not establish or affect legal rights or obligations Agency
decisions in any particular case will be made applying the Haws and regulations on the basis
of specific facts when permits are issued or regulations promulgated.
This document will be revised and expanded periodically to reflect additional pollution
prevention information and data on treatment effectiveness of BMPs Comments from users
will be welcomed. Send comments to U S. EPA, Office of Wastewater Enforcement and
Compliance, 401 M Street, SW, Mail Code EN-33£ Washington, DC 20460.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ............ . ..................................... 1-1
1 .1 PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDANCE MANUAL ................ . ............... 1-1
1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THIS GUIDANCE MANUAL ........................... 1-1
1.3 DEFINITIONS [[[ 1-2
1 .4 GOALS OF EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL AND STORM WATER
MANAGEMENT ................................................ .1-3
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THIS MANUAL ..................................... 1-4
1.6 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION .............. . ................... .-. . . 1-4
2. STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN ................ . ............ 2-1
2.1 SITE EVALUATION AND DESIGN DEVELOPMENT .......................... 2-4
2.1 .1 Collect Site Information .................................... 2-4
Existing Conditions Site Map ...... ^ ........................... 2-4
Soils Information ............... ...... ....................... 2-4
Runoff Water Quality ............. ~ ........................... 2-5
Name of Receiving Water .......... ...... ...................... 2-5
Rainfall Data .................... . ...................... 2-5
2 1 .2 Develop Site Plan ........................................... 2-5
/
2.1 .3 Prepare Site Map ..... . ................................. 2*6
Approximate Slopes after Grading . . . , .............. . .......... ___ 2-6
Areas of Soil Disturbance . ....... , . ....... . ................. , . . 2-6
Drainage Patterns . . . . .......... ......................... 2-7
2.2 ASSESSMENT ......... . ........................................ 2-8
i
2.2.1 Measure Site Area .......................................... 2-8
2.2.2 Determine the Drainage Areas .................................. 2-9
2.2 3 Calculate the Runoff Coefficient ................................ 2-11
2.3 CONTROL SELECTION/PLAN DESIGN ................................ 2-14
2.3.1 Select Erosion and Sediment Controls ........................... 2-14'
2.3 2 Select Other Controls ..................................... 2-14
2.3 3 Select Storm Water Management Controls ........................ .2-15
2.3 4 Indicate Location of Controls on the Sits Map ....................... 2-15
2.3.5 Prepare Inspection and Maintenance Plan .......................... 2-16
2.3 6 Prepare a Description of Controls .............................. 2-17
2.3.7 Coordinate Controls with Construction Activity ...................... 2-17
2.3 8 Incorporate State or Local Requirements .......................... 2-18
2.4 CERTIFICATION AND NOTIFICATION .... ............................. 2-19
241 Certification . . ... ......................... ......... ..... 2-19
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Tab/0 of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
Eaas.
2.4.3 Plan Location and Public Access 2-23
Submittal Requirements/Plan Location 2-23
Public Access 2-23
2.5 CONSTRUCTION/IMPLEMENTATION 2-24
2.5.1 Implement Controls 2-24
2.5 2 Inspect and Maintain Controls 2-24
2.5.3 Maintain Records of Construction Activities 2-25
2.5 4 Changing the Plan 2-25
2.5.5 Releases of Reportable Quantities •. 2-26
2.6 FINAL STABILIZATION/TERMINATIQN 2-27
i i ill
2.6.1 Final Stabilization 2-27
2.6.2 Notice of Termination 2-27
1 /
2.7 SUMMARY . 2-29
! I I
3. SEDIMENT AND EROSION CONTROL . 3-1
3.1 SELECTION OF SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PRACTICES 31
3.1.1 Minimize the Amount of Disturbed Soil 3-3
3.1.2 Prevent Runoff From Offsite Areas From Flowing Across Disturbed Areas .... 3-6
3.1.3 Slow Down the Runoff Traveling Across the Site . . 3-8
3.1.4 Remove Sediment From Onsite Runoff Before it Leaves the Site . . . . . . . . 3-9
3.1.5 Meet or Exceed Local/State Requirements for Erosion and Sediment Control . . 3-11
3.2 SEDIMENT AND EROSION CONTROL PRACTICES 3-12
3.2 1 Stabilization Practices . . 3-12
Temporary Seeding ..3-14
Mulching .'. 3-16
Geotextiles , 3-17
Chemical Stabilization 3-19
Permanent Seeding and Planiing 3-20
Buffer Zones 3-22
Preservation of Natural Vegetation 3-24
Sod Stabilization 3-26
Stream Bank Stabilization 3-28
Soil Retaining Measures 3-31
Dust Control 3-33
3.2.2 Structural Erosion and Sediment Control Practices 3-35
Earth Dike 3-37
Drainage Swale 3-39
Interceptor Dikes and Swales 3-41
Temporary Stream Crossing 3-43
Temporary Storm Dram Diversion 3-47
ii September 1992
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Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
Pace
Pipe Slope Drains 3-48
Subsurface Drains 3-50
Silt Fence 3-52
Gravel or Stone Filter Benn 3.54
Storm Drain Inlet Protection 3.55
Sediment Trap 3.53
Temporary Sediment Basin 3-60
Outlet Protection 3.53
Check Dams '... 3.55
Surface Roughening 3.57
Gradient Terraces 3.70
3.3 SUMMARY . 3.72
4. OTHER CONTROLS 4-1
4 1 GOOD HOUSEKEEPING 4.3
4.2 WASTE DISPOSAL 4.4
421 Construction Wastes . . , 4.4
422 Hazardous Products . . . . 4.5
4.2.3 Contammat^Soils . ... \ 4.5
424 Concrete Trucks 4.5
4.2 5 Sandblasting Grits , 4.5
4 3 MINIMIZING OFFSITE VEHICLE TRACKING OF SEDIMENTS 4-8
\
431 Construction Road Stabilization 4.3
4.3.2 Stabihzedl>hstruction Entrance 4.9
4.4 SANITARY/SEPfC DISPOSAL 4.12
4.5 MATERIAL MANAGEMENT 4.13
4.5 1 Pesticide^ * 4-14
4.5.2 PetroleuP'roducts 4-14
453 Fertilizers/Detergents 4-15
454 Natural feologic Drainage 4-16
455 Hazardous Products , ,. 4.15
4.6 SPILLS 4-17
4.7 CONTROL OF ALlCVABLE NON-STORM WATER DISCHARGES 4-19
471 Dewatenng " 4-21
4 7.2 Sump Pit .'.. . . , 4-22
4.8 SUMMARY ... . 4-24
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Tab/o of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
Paoq
5. MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION - ,
«•««•••.. o-i
5.1 INSPECTION
5.2 MAINTENANCE
5.3 RECORDKEEPING
5.4 TRAINING
5.5 SUMMARY * =
• • • • 0*0
6. STORM WATER MANAGEMENT CONTROLS ~ ,
o-l
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Tabh of Contents
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A - STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN CHECKLISTS
APPENDIX B - BMP FACT SHEETS
APPENDIX C - EXAMPLE STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN FOR A
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
APPENDIX D - REFERENCES
APPENDIX E - GLOSSARY
APPENDIX F - LIST OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND REPORTABLE QUANTITIES
APPENDIX G - RAIN DATA REFERENCES
APPENDIX H - THE POLLUTANT REMOVAL CAPACITY OF POND AND WETLAND SYSTEMS:
A REVIEW
LIST OF TABLES
Pang
2 1 TYPICAL "C" VALUES (ASCE 1960) ........ f 2-12
2.2 SUMMARY OF STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN COMPONENTS FOR
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 2-30
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
2 1 DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING A STORM YfATER POLLUTION PREVENTION
PLAN FOR CONSTRUCTION f. .' 2-2
2 2 SAMPLE SITE PLAN 2-10
3.1 EROSION PREVENTION BY STABILIZATION 3*4
3 2 SEEDING PRACTICES : 3-14
3 3 ORIENTATION OF MULCH NETTING AND MATTING 3-18
3 4 ESTABLISHING PERMANENT COVER WITH VEGETATION 3-20
3 5 EXAMPLE BUFFER ZONE 3-22
3.6 BENEFITS OF PRESERVING NATURAL VEGETATION 3-25
3 7 SODDING 3-26
3 8 EXAMPLES OF STREAM BANK STABILIZATION PRACTICES 3-29
3.9 USE OF RETAINING WALLS 3-32
3 10 EARTH DIKE ; 3-37
3.11 TEMPORARY SWALE * 3-39
3.12 TYPICAL INTERCEPTOR DIKES AND SWALES 3-41
3 13 TEMPORARY ACCESS BRIDGE 3-44
3 14 TEMPORARY ACCESS CULVERT 3-45
3 15 FLEXIBLE PIPE SLOPE DRAIN 3-48
3 16 SUBSURFACE DRAINS 3-50
3.17 SILT FENCE DETAILS f. 3-52
3.18 TYPICAL GRAVEL FILTER BERM \ 3-54
3 19 EXAMPLES OF STORM DRAIN INLET PROTECTION 3-56
3 20 TYPICAL SEDIMENT TRAP ." 3-58
3 21 TEMPORARY SEDIMENT BASIN , 3-60
3 22 TYPICAL DETAILS FOR ROCK OUTLET PROTECTION 3-63
3.23 TYPICAL CHECK DAMS 3-65
3 24 SURFACE ROUGHENING 3-67
3 25 GRADIENT TERRACE 3-70
September 1992 v
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Table of Contents
LIST OF FIGURES
{Continued)
Paoe
4.1 STABILIZED CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE 4-10
4.2 SUMP PIT 4-23
-_.i !,„. Iflftt
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CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDANCE MANUAL
The purpose of this guidance manual is to help you develop and implement a Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan specifically designed for your construction site With the help of this guidance you
should be able to put together most aspects of the plan using your own construction managers and
engineers
As part of its efforts to expand the use and benefits of pollution prevention practices, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) expects that most National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) storm water permits for construction activities, both individual and general
permits, may require this type of plan, including the NPDES General Permit for Storm Water
Discharges from Construction Activities That Are Classified As "Associated with Industrial Activity"
(referred to as EPA's Baseline Construction General Permit) Although specific components of a
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan may vary from one storm water permit to another, many of
the general concepts described in this manual are common to all plans.
1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THIS GUIDANCE MANUAL
This manual is organized to function as a user's guide to meet Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Plan requirements The step-by step guidelines and checklists in the following sections walk you
through the process of developing a Storrn Water Pollution Prevention Plan The checklists are
designed to help you organize the required information. The remainder of this manual is divided
into a number of sections Chapter 2 provides an overview of the process of developing and
implementing a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan, and Chapters 3-6 are resources for selecting
Best Management Practices IBMPs) and controls to use as part of your plan. Using this
information, you will develop and implement your plan following the basic phases listed below.
Each phase is important and should be completed before moving on to the next one-
^fitte.
• Site Planning and Design Development Phase
« Assessment Phase
» Control Selection/Plan Design Phase
I ' '"" -
-• iotificatton/Approval Phase
y ^ __,
• Implementation/Construction Phase
« Final Stabilization/Termination Phase
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Chapter 1—Introduction
Developing a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan is, therefore, a six-phase process. Because
most aspects of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan take a significant amount of planning,
its development must be closely connected to the development of your overall site plan for
construction. You must keep storm water considerations in mind as you develop your site plan.
The Initial Site Planning/Design Development Phase starts the process. The next phase, the
Assessment Phase, involves gathering information about your site, such as determining drainage
patterns and runoff coefficients. Then you will enter the Control Selection/Plan Design Phase,
using the information collected during the Assessment Phase to select BMPs. Following Control
Selection and Plan Design is the Certification/Notification Phase. In this phase the plan is certified
by the owner and operator of the construction project and a notice is sent to the government
agency which is responsible for NPDES permits in your area. The next stage is the
Implementation/Construction Phase, during which you put your Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Plan to action and construct your facility. Periodic reviews, inspections, and evaluations will allow
you to keep the plan up-to-date and effective. Finally, as construction activities are completed, you
reach the Rnal Stabilization/Termination Phase during which you put into place permanent controls.
Chapter 5 provides recommendations to assist the readers in selecting the most appropriate BMPs.
A combination of these types of BMPs may be most appropriate for your site.
In addition, there are a few appendices included in the back of this manual Appendix A includes
checklists relating to specific elements of Storm Water Pollution Prevention Planning. Appendix B
provides technical design specifications for the BMPs described in Chapters 3 and 4 Appendix C
shows what a model plan should look like. Appendix D lists references and resources. Appendix E
contains a glossary of terms. Appendix F contains a list of hazardous substances and reportable
quantities. Appendix G lists references for rainfall data Appendix H lists efficiencies for seveial
types of BMPs.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
Throughout this manual you will see four key words and phrases used over and over A solid
understanding of these concepts is very important in meeting the goals of storm water ^
management discussed above.
The first term of importance is "Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP)." As mentioned in
Section 1.1, this manual is designed to help you to prepare and implement a Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan. As you will learn in Chapter 2, storm water pollution prevention consists of a
series of phases and activities to, first, characterize your site, and then, to select and carry out
actions which prevent the pollution of storm water discharges
The next term is NPDES Storm Water Permit or permit. NPDES is an acronym for National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System. NPDES is the National program for issuing, modifying, revoking,
etc., permits under Sections 307, 318, 402, and 405 of the Clean Water Act (CWA). A permit is
an authorization issued by EPA or an approved State to discharge under certain specified
conditions.
The other term used throughout this manual is "Best Management Practice" or BMP. BMPs are
measures or practices used to reduce the amount of pollution entering surface waters, air, land, or
ground waters. BMPs may take the form of a process, activity, or physical structure. Some BMPs
are simple and can be put into place immediately, while others are more complicated and require
extensive planning They may be inexpensive or costly This manual describes numerous BMPs
which you may use as pan of your Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan.
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Chapter 1—Introduction
The final term used frequently in this manual is "operator." The operator of a construction activity
is the party or parties that either individually or taken together meet the following two criteria:
(1) they have operational control over the s.ite specifications (including the ability to make
modifications in specifications); and (2) they have the day-to-day operational control of those
activities at the site necessary to ensure compliance with plan requirements and permit conditions
(e g., are authorized to direct workers at the site to carry out activities identified in the plan).
1.4 GOALS OF EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL AND STORM WATER
MANAGEMENT
EPA's November 16, 1930, storm water final rule addresses certain types of storm water
discharges, including storm water discharges from construction activities. This regulation is based
on the results of a number of National studies which pointed to storm water discharges as a
significant source of pollutants and cause of water use impairment in receiving streams. Storm
water runoff becomes polluted by picking up soil particles and other pollutants (from construction
materials) as it flows over surfaces where construction activities are occurring. By requiring certain
construction sites to apply for NPDES storm water permits, this regulation provides a way for
States and EPA Regions to monitor and manage thsse discharges, and reduce or ultimately
eliminate the amount of pollutants present in them. The basic goal of storm water management,
therefore, is simple.
IMPROVE WATER QUALITY BY REDUCING POLLUTANTS w STORM WATER DISCHARGES
Construction activities produce many different kinds of pollutants which may cause storm water
contamination problems. Grading activities remove grass, rocks, pavement and other protective
ground covers resulting in the exposure of underlying so;/ to the elements. Because the soil surface
is unprotected, soil and sand particles are easily picked up by wind and/or washed away by rain or
snow melt This process is called erosion. The water carrying these particles eventually reaches a
stream, river or a lake where it slows down, allowing the particles to fall onto the bottom of the
stream bed or lake This process is called sedimentation. Gradually, layers of these clays and silt
build up in the stream beds choking the rover and stream channels and covering the areas where
fish spawn and plants grow These particles also clou/ waters causing aquatic respiration
problems and can kill fish and plants growing in the' river stream.
In addition, the construction of buildings and roads may require the use of toxic or hazardous
materials such as petroleum products, pesticides, and herbicides, and building materials such as
asphalt, sealants and concrete which may pollute storm water running off of the construction site.
These types of pollutants often contain small amounts of metals and other toxic materials which
may be harmful to humans, plants, and fish in streams.
Considering the nature of construction activities and the resulting pollutants, and the variable
nature of storm events, EPA determined that the best approach to storm water management for
these sites is through the use of self-designed Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans. These plans
are based on the use of BMPs For construction sites, there are three main types of BMPs, those
that prevent erosion, others which prevent pollutants from the construction materials from mixing
with storm water, and those which trap pollutants before they can be discharged Although these
three types of BMPs have different functions, the basic principle is the same these BMPs are
designed to prevent, or at least control, the pollution of storm water before it has a chance to
affect receiving streams. Using BMPs in this way is ca\\ed storm water management or sediment
and erosion control.
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Chapter 1—Introduction
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THIS MANUAL
This manual provides useful information on many sediment and erosion and storm water
management controls which you can use to prevent or reduce the discharge of sediment and other
pollutants in storm water runoff from your site This manual describes the practices and controls,
tells how, when, and where to use them, and how to maintain them However, the effectiveness
of these controls lies fully in your hands. Although specific recommendations will be offered in the
following chapters, keep in mind that careful consideration must be given to selecting the most
appropriate control measures based on site-specific features, and on properly installing the controls
in a timely manner. Finally, although this manual provides guidelines for maintenance, it is up to
you to make sure that your controls are carefully maintained or they will prove to be ineffective.
This manual describes some of the EPA Baseline General Permit requirements for pollution
prevention plans. However, requirements may vary from permit to permit. You should read your
permit to determine the required components of your pollution prevention plan. This manual does
describe "typical" permit requirements. However, do not assume that the typical permit
requirements described in this manual are the same as your permit requirements, even if you are
included under an NPOES general permit for storm water discharges from construction activities
that are classified as "Associated with Industrial Activities " Permit conditions may vary between
different permits and/or different versions of the permit
This manual also does not describe State or local requirements for erosion and sediment control or
for storm water management Although it is expected that, in most cases, plan requirements will
be similar, you should contact your State or local authorities to determine what their requirements
are
EPA has issued a number of regulations addressing pollution control practices for different
environmental media d e., land, water, air, and ground water). However, this manual focuses on
identifying pollution prevention measures and BMPs specifically for storm water discharges from
construction activities and provides guidance to industrial facilities on how to comply with storm
water permits
Although Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans primarily focus on storm water, it is important to
consider the impacts of selected storm water management measures on other environmental media
(i.e., land, air, and ground water) For example, if the water table is unusually high in your aiea, a
retention pond for contaminated storm water may also lead to contamination of a ground water
source unless special preventive measures are taken EPA strongly discourages this transfer of
pollution from one environmental medium to another and prohibits the adoption of any storm water
management practice that results in a violation of other Federal, State, or local environmental laws.
For instance, under EPA's July 1991 Ground Water Protection Strategy, States are encouraged to
develop Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection Programs. Your facility's efforts to control
storm water should be compatible with the ground water protection objectives reflected in your
State's program
1.6 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Although this manual describes many potential control measures for construction sites, there are
additional resources Some references are listed in Appendix D of this manual Many State and
local sediment and erosion control agencies have published BMP documents specifically for
construction activities A few of these are listed in Appendix D. For other documents. State and
local agencies should be contacted directly
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CHAPTER
2
STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
The Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan is the focus of your NPDES storm water permit and is
the key to controlling pollutants in storm water discharges Therefore, proper and careful
development and implementation of the plan will maximize the potential benefits of pollution
prevention and sediment and erosion control measures. Your permit consists of specific
requirements for the plan, including deadlines and certain storm water control measures This
Chapter provides a step-by-step explanation of how to develop and implement your Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan.
The process of developing and implementing a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan for
construction activities has been divided into six phases which are indicated in Figure 2.1, These
phases are:
1. Site Evaluation and Design Development
2 Assessment
3 Control Selection/Plan Design
4 Certification/Notification
5 Construction/Implementation
6 Final Stabilization/Termination.
The following sections describe the processes involved in each of the phases listed above. The
pollution prevention plan is developed during the first three phases listed above.
Your NPDES storm water permit may specify deadlines for plan development and implementation.
The sequence m Figure 2 1 assumes that pollution prevention plans will be completed and
implemented at the time the project breaks ground and revised (if necessary) as construction
proceeds Your plan should be m place belore project initiation because construction operations
pose environmental risks as soon as activity begins. The initial rough grading activities may
contribute a significant amount of pollutants to storm water runoff Be sure to read your permit
closely to see what dates and deadlines apply to your site
The planning for pollution prevention measures should be done while you develop the site
construction plan. The best Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans are developed at the same
time as the design of the site plan. However, if you have completed your site plan design before
you begin to prepare the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan it is not necessary to start the
process all over again. Much of the information needed for the plan should already be included in
your design documents. A Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan can be prepared for most
construction projects by usmg information from the existing design, and modifying the design to
accommodate the controls.
Responsibility for developing a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan typically lies with the owner
of the property that is being developed, or with the owner and operator (e.g., General Contractor)
of the construction project
2-1
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
SITE EVALUATION AND DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
• Collect site information
• Develop site plan
• Prepare pollution prevention site map
ASSESSMENT
• Measure the site area
> Determine the drainage areas
• Calculate the runoff coefficient
CONTROL SELECTION/PLAN DESIGN
• Select erosion and sediment controls
• Select other controls
• Select storm water management controls
• Indicate the location of controls on the site map
• Prepare an inspection and maintenance plan
• Coordinate controls with construction activity
• Prepare sequence of major activities
• Incorporate State or local requirements
T
CERTIFICATION AND NOTIFICATION
• Certify the plan
• Submit Notice of Intent
• Plan location and public access
CONSTRUCTION/IMPLEMENTATION
• Implement controls
• Inspect and maintain controls
• Update/change the plan
• Report releases of reportable quantities
FINAL STABILIZATION/TERMINATION
• Final stabilization
• Notice of Termination
FIGURE 2 1 DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING A STORM WATER POLLUTION
PREVENTION PLAN FOR CONSTRUCTION
2-2
September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
EPA BASELINE GENERAL F'ERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Han Development'
Parts IV.A.I,2, and 3. - f ' ,_ " " •- »*
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans should be fully developed and implemented upon % "
submitting the Notice of Intent (NOD to be covered by the general permit The operator should
comply with the terms and schedule of the plan beginning with the initiation of construction '"":,:
activities or October 1,1992, whichever is later. This requirement applies to existing ""
construction sites on October 1,1992, as well as new sites which begin construction after this
date. - " ' '" > '
September 1992 2-3
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
SITE EVALUATION UNO DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
• Col«ct sit* mtomutjon
• D*v*lop sit* plan
• Pr*p*r* polubon pnvmton sit* map
ASSESSMENT
CONTROL SELECTION/PLAN DESIGN
CERTIFICATION AND NOTIFICATION
CONSTRUCTION/IMPLEMENTATION
FINAL STABILIZATION/TERMINATION
2.1 SITE EVALUATION AND DESIGN
DEVELOPMENT
The first phase in a preparing a Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan for a construction project
is to define the characteristics of the she and of
the type of construction which will be occurring.
This phase is broken down into three tasks: collect
site information, develop she plan, and prepare she
map. The following subsections .describe oach of
these tasks.
2.1.1 Collect Site Information
The first phase in preparing a pollution prevention plan is to collect information on the site which
will be developed. The following items are suggested.
* i
Existing Conditions Site Map
Obtain a map of the existing conditions at the site This map will be the starting point for the site
map required by the pollution prevention plan The map should be to scale and preferably
topographic The map should indicate the existing land use for the site (i.e., wooded area, open
grassed area, pavement, building, etc.) as well as the location of surface waters which are located
on or next to the site (Surface waters include wetlands, streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, etc.). The
best way to obtain a site map is to have your site surveyed by a professional surveyor (eithei land
based or aerial) If it is not practical to survey the site, then topographic maps may be available
from your State or local government A final alternative is to use the United States Geological
Survey iUSGS) topographical maps. USGS maps are least desirable for use as a site map for a
pollution prevention plan because they are only available in a very large scale (1:24,000) and the
features of a construction site would be very difficult to distinguish. The scale of the map should
be small enough so that you can easily distinguish important features such as drainage swales and
control measures.
Soils Information
Determine the type of soils present on the site This information should be based upon information
from your specific site, not regional characteristics You may use the Soil Conservation Service's
(SCS) Soils Map of your area to determine types of soil on your site. The SCS Soil Surveys are
excellent sources of information for surface soils and typically will indicate if a soil is erodible
Even more accurate information may be obtained by performing soil borings at the site, this method
is more expensive and is usually only required for some storm water practices such as infiltration.
Soil borings may already be required for the design of foundations or other structures.
2-4
September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Runoff Water Quality
Collect any information on the quality of the runoff from the site which may be available. In many
cases, there will be little water quality data from runoff collected specifically from a site, however,
if your construction site is located on or next to an existing industrial facility, or if it drains to a
municipal separate storm sewer in a city/county with a population greater than 100,000, water
quality data may have been collected which indicates the quality of runoff from your site. Contact
either the industrial facility or the municipal storm sewer authority which will receive your storm
water and ask if they have performed any analysis on storm water from your proposed construction
site You may also be able to obtain runoff water quality information from the U.S. Geological
Survey (USGS), the USDA Soil Conservation Service (SCS), State or local watershed protection
agencies Contact these agencies to see if they have collected samples of runoff from your site or
from locations down stream of your site
^
Name of Receiving Water
Identify the name of the body of water(s) which will receive runoff from the construction site If
the receiving water is a tributary include the name of the ultimate body of water if possible.
Receiving waters could include, rivers, lakes, streams, creeks, runs, estuaries, wetlands, bays,
ocean, etc If the site drams into a Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System, identify the system
and indicate receiving water to which the system discharges. This information is usually available
from county. State, or USGS maps
Rainfall Data
It is useful to determine the amount of rainfall you will anticipate in your design of storm water
management measures These rainfall amounts are often referred to as "design storms." Design
storms are typically described in terms of the average amount of time that passes before that
amount of ram falls again and by the duration of the rain (e g., the 10 year-24 hour storm)
Contact your State/local storm water program agency for additional information on the design
storm criteria in your project area Consult Appendix G for sources of design storm data if it is not
available from your State/local agency
2,1.2 Develop Site Plan
The next step in the process is to develop a preliminary site plan for the facility which is to be
constructed The site plan will be developed primarily based upon the goals and objectives of the
proposed facility However, there are several pollution prevention principals which should be
considered when developing the site plan lor the project. They are1
• Disturb the smallest vegetated area possible.
• Keep the amount of cut and fill to a minimum.
• Limit impacts to sensitive areas such as.
- Steep and/or unstable slopes
- Surface waters, including wetlands
- Areas with credible soils
- Existing drainage channels
In addition to reducing pollution in storm water runoff from your site, incorporating the above
objectives into the site plan for the project can also, reduce construction costs for grading and
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
landscaping, reduce the amount ,of sediment and storm water management controls, and improve
the aesthetics of the completed project.
Once the preliminary design is developed, you should prepare a narrative description of the nature
of the construction activity to include in the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. The narrative
should provide a brief description of the project including the purpose of the project (the final
result); the major soil disturbing activities that will be necessary to complete the project, and the
approximate length of time it will take to complete the project.
You might describe the purpose of construction (goal or project result) as one of the following;
residential development, commercial, industrial, institutional, office development, highway projects,
roads, streets, or parking lots, recreational areas, or underground utility.
When you describe soil disturbing activities you might include one or more of the following;
clearing and grubbing, excavation and stockpiling, rough grading, final or finish grading, preparation
for seeding or planting, excavation of trenches, demolition, etc.
The description of the construction activity does not need to address indoor construction activities
that will not have any affect on the quality of storm water For example, it is not necessary to
describe the construction of indoor wiring for a building in the narrative if the wiring will not be
installed until after the building is enclosed.
2.1.3 Prepare Site Map
When the site plan is complete for your construction project, the information should be transferred
onto the pollution prevention plan site map (Note the construction site plan and the Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan site map can be the same map) At this phase in the Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan development, there are three things which can be indicated on the site
map: the approximate slopes after grading, the drainage pattern, and the areas of disturbance.
(Note the surface waters should already be indicated on the map (see Section 2.1.1).] Appendix C
includes an example site map for a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. It may be helpful to
refer to this while reading this section.
Approximate Slopes after Grading
It is suggested that you indicate the revised grades on the same topographic map as the existing
grades You should use two separate symbols for existing contours and proposed contour (i e.,
dashed and solid lines) Topographic maps indicating existing and proposed contours for a site are
suggested because it is easy to determine the areas which must be disturbed for regrading.
If you do not prepare a topographic map of the site, then you should examine the proposed plan for
the site and indicate on the site map the approximate location, direction and steepness of slopes.
The location and direction of the slope may be indicated by arrows (pointing from high to low) and
numbers indicating the degree of slope. Slope is usually expressed as a ratio of the length it takes
to decrease one foot in height, e.g., 3:1 indicates that the slope takes 3 feet in length to drop one
foot in height.
Areas of Soil Disturbance
After indicating the proposed grading on the site map, the next phase is to indicate the entire area
which will be disturbed by the construction -activity. The suggested method for indicating this area
is to draw a "limit of disturbance" line on the site plan You should draw the limit of disturbance
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
so that any soli disturbing activity such as,- clearing, stripping, excavation, backfill, stock piling
(topsoil or other fill material), and paving will be inside of the limit. The limit of disturbance should
also include roads for construction vehicles unless those roads are paved (or stabilized) and have
measures to reduce tracking of sediments. When drawing the line try to leave room for the control
structures which may be required (this may be difficult, but you can always redraw the limit of
disturbance after you design the control structures). The limit of disturbance should be a closed
boundary line around the entire disturbed area. There can be "islands" of undisturbed area inside
the limit of disturbance, for example, a tree or group of trees which are to be preserved. These
islands should be encircled with a limit of disturbance
Drainage Patterns
In addition to the slopes anticipated after grading, and areas of soil disturbance your Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan site map should also indicate the drainage patterns of the site after the
major grading activities
The suggested method for showing this is with a topographic map of the site which indicates
drainage basin boundaries and drainage channels or pipes. A drainage basin for the purposes of the
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan is an area of the site in which water, sediments and
dissolved materials drain to a common outlet (such as a swale or storm dram pipe) from the site.
There can be one or more drainage basins on a site. Drainage boundaries are closed lines which
start and end at the common outlet. Drainage boundaries typically follow the high points on a site
including hill tops, ridges, roads, etc. Drainage areas do not overlap. To determine the drainage
basin boundaries, ask yourself where will rasn falling orr/iis portion flow off of the site. Areas that
dram to different points are in different drainage areas/ Drainage boundaries can be changed by
grading and structural controls. The site map should indicate the drainage boundaries after the
major grading has occurred or structural controls installed It may be necessary to change the
drainage boundaries after you select youi structural consols If you do not provide a topographic
site map, use arrows to indicate which direction water will flow Show the areas where there will
be overland flow and the location of swales or channels If there is a new or proposed
underground storm drain system on the site then this shouW be indicated on the Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan site map as well. It is recommended that the pipe diameter and slope also
be included on the site map.
Please -note that the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan site map is not complete until you have
indicated the locations of the major control structures and the areas where stabilization is expected
to occur. These items are discussed in Section 3.3.4.
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Chapter 2—Stoim Water Pollution Prevention Plan
SITE EVALUATION AND DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
ASSESSMENT
• M«uun tha (it* araa
• DtMrnwa tha drainage amat
• Calculate th« tunoR coalbcianl
CONTROL SELECTION/PLAN DESIGN
CERTIFICATION AND NOTIFICATION
CONSTRUCTION/IMPLEMENTATION
FINAL STABILIZATION/TERMINATION
2.2 ASSESSMENT
After the characteristics of the she and the
construction have been defined, the next phase in
developing a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
is to measure the size of the land disturbance and
estimate the impact the project will have on storm
water runoff from the site from the information
developed in phase 1. There are three tasks which
should be done to assess the p'roject, they are:
measure she area, measure drainage areas, and
calculate runoff coefficient.
2.2.1 Measure Site Area
Typically, NPDES storm water permits may require that you indicate in the Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan estimates of the total site area and the area which will be disturbed You will need
the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan site map which clearly shows the site boundary and the
limit of disturbance The area of the site can usually be found on the deed of sale for the property,
the record plat, site survey, or the site plan The amount of area to be disturbed is sometimes
noted on a site plan, or grading plan. If the information is not available from one of these sources
you may measure using the grid method or by using a plammeter.
i i
The most accurate method to measure area from the site map is with a plammeter. A plammeter is
a device which can measure the area on a drawing by tracing its outline. Piammeters are available
from Engineering and Surveyor Supply Stores.
If you do not have access to a plammeter and do not wish to buy one, the grid method is an easy
method for estimating the size of an area which only requires transparent graph or grid paper. The
steps are as follows.
1. Place graph or grid paper over the scale drawing and trace the outline of the entire property.
2. Count the total number of complete squares within the site area, count every two partial
squares along the edges of the site as one square.
3. Divide the total number of squares by the number of squares in one square inch of graph/
grid paper This results in an estimate of the number of square inches contained in the
outline of the site.
4. Multiply the result of Step 3 by the number of square feet in a one inch square based on the
scale of the drawing. This results in an estimate of the number of square feet on the site.
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
•5 The last step is to divide the number of square feet on the site by 43,560 square feet per
acre to see how many acres there are. The result is an estimate of the site area in acres. .
Repeat this method using the outline of the disturbed area to find the estimated acreage of
soil disturbing activities.
Example.
The site plan pictured below (Figure 2.2) is drawn to a 1 inch equals 200 feet scale (1 ":200').
After tracing the boundary and counting the number of squares, the result is 620 1/4-inch
squares.
Divide 620 by the number of 1/4-inch squares per square inch, which in this case is 16 (the
number of 1/4-inch squares in a square inch is 16). The result is 38 75 one-inch squares.
Multiply 38 75 square inches by the number of square feet per square inch, 40,000 square
feet per square inch (based on the scale of this drawing that would be 200' times 200'). The
result is 1,550,000 square feet
I
The final step is to convert the estimated area from square feet to acres by dividing by 43,560
square feet per acre into the total number of square feet The final result is 35 6 acres.
The area should be expressed in acres to the nearest tenth of an acre, e.g , 5.5 acres total she
area and 3 5 acres disturbed area.
The first measurement which you should make is to determine the total area of the site. The total
area of the site should include the area inside the project's property boundaries, easements and/or
right-of-ways The total area includes both the disturbed and undisturbed areas. The second
measurement which you should make is the area which will be disturbed by the construction
project This area can be determined by measuring the area enclosed by the limit of disturbance
drawn in on the site map (see Section 2 1.2) and subtracting from this value the area of any
undisturbed "islands" within the limit of disturbance. The disturbed area should always be less
than or equal to the total site area
2.2.2 Determine the Drainage Areas
The final areas which you should measure are the size of each drainage basins for each point where
concentrated flow will leave the site Although you do not need to put this information into the
pollution prevention plan, you will need thus data to help you select and design the sediment control
and storm water management measures for your project
For design of the sediment control measures, you will need to know the area of the portion of each
drainage basin which will be disturbed The disturbed areas of the drainage basins should be
measured using the methods suggested above to estimate the area enclosed by the limit of
disturbance and/or the drainage boundary (whichever boundary gives the smaller area).
/
For the design of the storm water management controls and for the calculation of the runoff
coefficient, you should measure the total area of each drainage basin and the areas of each land
use which will occur in the basin after the construction is complete. Be sure to include offshe
water draining onto your site when determining the total size of the drainage basin. See Table 2.1
for a listing of different types of land uses The area of each land use in the drainage basins should
be measured using the methods suggested above to estimate the area enclosed by the land use
boundary and/or the drainage boundary (whichever boundary gives the smaller area). Topographic
maps are helpful tools to use in determining drainage boundaries.
September 1992 2-9
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Chaptor 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
PROPOSED
VEGETATED SWALE
FIGURE 2.2 SAMPLE SITE PLAN
2-10
September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
2.2.3 Calculate the Runoff Coefficient
The next step in the assessment phase is to develop an estimate of the development's impact on
runoff after construction is complete This can be done by estimating a runoff coefficient for post
construction conditions The runoff coefficient ("C" value) is the partial amount of the total rainfall
which will become runoff The runoff coefficient is used in the "rational method" which is:
Q-CIA,
where
Q = the rate of runoff from an area
I = rainfall intensity, and
A" the area of the drainage basin.
There are many methods which can be used to estimate the amount of runoff from a site You are
not required to use the rational method to design storm water conveyances or management
measures Consult your State/local design guides to determine what methods to use for estimating
design flow rates from your development
The less rainfall that is absorbed (infiltrates.) into the ground, evaporates, or is otherwise absorbed
on site, the higher the "C" value For example, the "C" value of a lawn area is 0.2, which means
that only 20 percent of the rainfall landing on that area will run off, the rest will be absorbed or
evaporate A paved parking area would have a "C" value of 0.9, which means that 90 percent of
the rainfall landing on that area will become runoff The "C" value which you are being asked to
calculate is the one that represents the final condition of the site after construction is complete. It
is suggested that a runoff coefficient be calculated for each drainage basin on the site. The
following is an example of how to calculate the "C" value.
The runoff coefficient or "C" value for a variety of iand uses may be found in Table 2 1. These "C"
values provide an accurate estimate of anticipated runoff for particular land uses Most sites have
more than one type of land use and therefore more than one "C* value will apply. To have a "C"
value that represents your site you will need to calculate a "weighted C value "
Calculating a "Weighted C"
When a drainage area contains more than one type of surface materials with more than one
runoff coefficient a "weighted C" mus.t be calculated This "weighted C" will take into
account the amount of runoff from all the various parts of the site A formula used to
determine the "weighted C" is as follows
>j, fi * AJ Cz ..Ax Cx
S of A
where A = acres and C = coefficient
Therefore, if a drainage area has 15 acres (ac ) with 5 paved acres (C = .9), 5 grassed
acres (C = .2), and 5 acres in natural vegetation (C = 1), a "weighted "C" would be
calculated as follows
September 1992 2-11
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
TABLE 2.1 TYPICAL "C" VALUES (ASCE 1960)
Description of Area
Business
Downtown Areas
Neighborhood Areas
Residential
Single-family areas
Multiunits, detached
Multiunits, attached
Residential (suburban)
Apartment dwelling areas
Industrial
Light Areas
Heavy areas
Parks, cemeteries
Playgrounds
Railroad yard areas
Unimproved areas
Streets
Asphalt
Concrete
Brick
Drives and walks
Roofs
Lawns - course textured soil (greater than 85% sand)
Slope- Flat, 2%
Average, 2-7%
Steep, 7%
Lawns - fine textured soil (greater than 40% clay)
Slope. Flat, 2%
Average, 2-7%
Steep, 7%
Runoff Coefficients
.,> - ,,'-, , "*:
% & , •' ' ' *,-. ' '•
0.7P-0.95
0.50-0.70
0.30-0.50
0.40-0 60
0.60-0.75
0.25-0.40
0.50-0 70
•" < C "* ' '
iV
0.50-0.80
0.60-0.90
0 10-0.25
0.20-0.35
0.20-0.40
0.10-0.30
f
/•• x v.,
f
0.70-0.95
0.80-0.95
0 70-0.85
0.75-0 85
0.75-0.95
' >
0.05-0.10
0.10-0.15
0.15-020
0.13-0.17
0.18-0.22
0.25-0.35
2-12
September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
(5 AC. x .9) + (5 aa x .2) + (5 e& x .1)
(5 aa, + 5 ac. + 5 aa)
(45 aa) * (1.0 a&) * (.5
(15 aft)
6'°*a
15 aft
September 1992 2-13
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
SITE EVALUATION AND DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
ASSESSMENT
CONTROL SELECTION/PLAN DESIGN
• S»l»et tfotion «nd Mdmwnt contnlt
• S*l*ct other control!
• Sd«ct item w«ur manaipnwnt contrete
• kxicat* the location ol controls on the trt» mtp
* Praptr* in raptction and mimttntne* plan
• Coofdttil* control* with construction activity
• Pnpan wqu»no» ol mijor •cbvitits
• Incorporate State Of local requirement*
CERTIFICATION AND NOTIFICATION
CONSTRUCTION/IMPLEMENTATION
FINAL STABILIZATION/TERMINATION
2.3 CONTROL SELECTION/PLAN
DESIGN
Once you have collected the information and made
measurements, the next step is to design « plan to
prevent and control pollution of storm wator runoff
from your construction site. Your Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan should address: erosion
and sediment controls, storm water management
controls and other controls. The following
subsections detail how the controls which you
select should be described in the Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan; however, the methods of
selecting the appropriate measures and detailed
information about the measures are contained in
the following chapters.
2.3.1 Select Erosion and Sediment Controls
The first types of controls which your pollution prevention plan should address are erosion and
sediment controls. These controls include stabilization measures for disturbed areas and structural
controls to divert runoff and remove sediment Erosion and sediment controls are implemented
during the construction period to prevent and/or control the loss of soil from the construction site
into the receiving waters Erosion and sediment controls can include temporary or permanent
measures
Your selection of the most appropriate erosion and sediment controls for your construction project
depends upon a number of factors, but is most dependent on site conditions The information
collected in the site evaluation, design and assessment steps is used to select controls. Chapter 3
provides a series of questions and answers to assist you in selecting the most appropriate
measures for your site There is also a description of the more commonly used sediment and
erosion control measures in Chapter 3 and Appendix B provides typical design information for many
of the measures described in Chapter 3. Please use these portions of this manual to help you
select and design the sediment and erosion controls for your site
2.3.2 Select Other Controls
In addition to erosion and sediment controls, the pollution prevention plan for your project should
address the other potential pollutant sources which may exist on a construction site They include.
proper waste disposal, control of offsite vehicle tracking, compliance with applicable State or local
waste disposal, sanitary sewer or septic system- regulations, and control of allowable non-storm
water discharges Chapter 4 describes how you can address each of these topics
2-14
September 1992
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Chapter 2-Storm Water Pollution Prevent/on Plan
2.3.3 Select Storm Water Management Controls
The final controls which should be addressed in the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan are
storm water management controls Storm water management controls are constructed to prevent
or control pollution of storm water after the construction is completed. These controls include
retention ponds, detention ponds, infiltration measures, vegetated swales, and natural depressions.
As with erosion and sediment controls, your selection of the most appropriate storm water
management measures is dependent upon a number of factors, but is most dependent on site
conditions The information collected in the site evaluation, design and assessment steps is used
to select controls
2.3.4 Indicate Location of Controls on the Site Map
t
Once the pollution prevention controls have been selected, they should be indicated on the site
map Provide the location of each measuie used for erosion and sediment control, storm water
management and other controls Below is a list of typical BMPs which illustrate the kinds of
controls which you should include on the site map
Erosion and Sediment Control Storm Water Management Controls
Areas of permanent seeding « Storm water detention structures (including
Areas of sod stabilization wet ponds)
Areas of geotextile stabilization • Storm water retention structures
Silt fence ° Open vegetated swales
Straw' bale barrier « Natural depressions
Earth dikes ° Infiltration measures
Brush barriers
Drainage swales
Sediment traps
Pipe slope drains
Level spreaders
Storm drain-inlet protection
Reinforced soil retaining systems
Gabions
Temporary or permanent sediment
basins
• Stabilized construction entrances
The above list may not include every possible control measure If your plan includes a measure not
on this list, you should still indicate it on the site map if possible It may not be feasible to indicate
some controls on the site map, for example it would be very difficult to indicate appropriate waste
control on the site map
Once you have indicated the controls on the site map, it may be necessary to revise the limit of
disturbance and/or the drainage boundaries The limit of disturbance should be indicated outside of
any perimeter control, because the construction of moA controls does require some soil
disturbance Drainage boundaries are often impacted by diversion structures This is because the
intent of a diversion device is typically to divert runoff from one drainage basin to another. The
drainage patterns on the site map should reflect the dramas? patterns on the site while the controls
are in place
September 1992 2-15
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Once the location of the controls are indicated, the site map is ready to be included in the pollution
prevention plan. The table below summarizes the items which are typically required to be indicated
on the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan site map.
EPA BASELINE GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Storm Water Foliation Prevention Plan Site Pian Requirements
The she map shall indicate: -"x f ., =, ', - -*$*,,
v -K J * f *•&•-&.
f\* *k O1 •* *
* Drainage patterns ,rf? "-*
- -• t; '; " '
H^-f j *' ; a * •> v
• Approximate slopes after grading - > \ -'..-
^ r "' f < r. ^ *
"* %? < "
» Area of soil disturbance^ '**„*"• **"/^ , *\, ; %<<
• Location of major structural and npnstructurai controls 711 ^•&''*'* J
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevent/on Plan
EPA BASELINE GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
* Maintenance and Inspection Requirements
Parts 1VJX3. and JV.0,4,
•f •*• <
Pollution Prevention Plan shall include:
% •* j
t s f
»;' A description of procedures to maintain in oood condition and effective operating condition,
**'•'• ., "" "• "• * •• * > .
- Vegetation ' A, ' ,
- Erosion'and sediment control measures - -- ' - f ' *
=• -C
s S '- J- -.
- Other protective measures identified in the site pfan ,,--.- .. .. "
* Qualified personnel shall inspect disturbed areas of the construction site at least once,
every seven calendar days and within 24 hours of the end of a storm that is 0,5 inches or" •.
greater, „
2.3.6 Prepare a Description of Controls
Once you have finished planning your construction activities and selected the controls, make a list
of each type of control you plan to use on the site. Include in this list a description of each control
and what its purpose is and why it is appropriate in this location The description should also
include specific information about the measure such as size, materials, and methods of
construction. Read your permit carefully to ensure that your plan includes all of the required
controls.
2.3.7 Coordinate Controls with Construction Activity
You also should prepare a sequence of major activities that lists all of the tasks required for:
construction of control measures, earth disturbing construction activities, and maintenance
activities for control measures in the order nn which they will occur. Specific timing requirements
for installation and maintenance of control measures are dependent upon the measures and/or the
construction activities. Refer to Chapters 3, 4 and 5 for specific timing information on your site's
controls There are, however, several general principles which you should keep in mind when
developing the sequence of major activities These principals are1
1. Downslope and sideslope perimeter controls should be installed before the land disturbing
activity occurs.
2. Do not disturb an area until it is necessary for construction to proceed.
3. Cover or stabilize as soon as possible.
4. Time activities to limit impact from &easonal climate changes or weather events.
5. Construction of infiltration measures should be delayed to the end of the construction
project when upstream drainage areas have been stabilized.
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
6. Do not' remove temporary penmeter controls until after all upstream areas are stabilized.
Appendix B contains a sample description of controls and sequence of major activities.
2.3.8 Incorporate State or Local Requirements
Construction operations are often subject to State or local sediment and erosion or storm water
management program requirements in addition to any requirements in the site's NPDES storm
water permit. It is very likely that these State and local requirements will overlap with your site's
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan requirements. However, since not all localities have such
programs, or the programs do not meet the standards set by your NPDES storm water permit,
overlap may be limited. Therefore, because State and local programs can vary significantly from
locality to locality, the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan components of an NPDES storm
water permit ensure that a minimum level of pollution prevention is required. Where a construction
site has taken measures to comply with State and local requirements, and these measures fulfill
requirements of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan conditions, the applicable measures may
be incorporated into the plan.
The Permit may require that any State and local sediment and erosion control or storm water
management requirements be incorporated by reference into the plan. This approach allows States
and localities the flexibility to maintain their existing programs and provides additional authority for
enforcement. Therefore, you should check the requirements of your permit to determine if you
must include a copy of a sediment and erosion control and/or storm water management plan which
is approved by a State or local authority.
EPA BASEUNE GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
. f j- "' f ft s \iCAM'"1> "•
Permit Requirements 'for State/Local Plans
^ •> 'WW - ,. AS-'v -'•' * ~
' <
Permittees shall incorporate all applicable requirements specified In State or local sediment and
erosion control plans or permits, or storm water management plans or permits. The permittee
must provide a certification that their Pollution Preventibri Plan reflects these requirements, and
permittees shall comply with these requirements during the term of the permit. /
C, *«~,l.
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
SITE EVALUATION AND DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
ASSESSMENT
CONTROL SELECTION/PLAN DESIGN
CERTIFICATION AND NOTIFICATION
• C«rtityth«pl«n
• Submit Note* of Mint
• Pt«n location and public KCMS
CONSTRUCnONAMPLEMENTXnON
FINAL STABUJZATION/TERUINXnOM
2.4.1 Certification
2.4 CERTIFICATION AND
NOTIFICATION
Once the site description and controls portion of
the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan have
been prepared then you now can certify the
pollution prevention plan. If you intend to be
included under the general permit, then you should
submit a notice of intent to the appropriate agency.
It is recommended that you read your permit
carefully to evaluate whether or not all the required
items are included in your Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan prior to certifying the plan or
submitting a Notice of Intent.
In order to ensure that your site's Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan is completely developed
and adequately implemented, your NPDES storm water permit will typically require that authorized
representative(s) of the operator(s) sign and certify the plan The authorized representative(s)
should be individuals at or near the top of the management chain, such as the president, vice
president, or a general partner who has been delegated the authority to sign and certify this type of
document, in signing the plan, the authorized representative (s) certifies that the information is true
and assumes liability for the plan.
, Official signatures provide a basis for an enforcement action to be taken against the person signing
the document The permittee should be aware that Section 309 of the Clean Water Act provides
for significant penalties where information is false or the permittee violates, either knowingly or
negligently, its permit requirements Specific signatory requirements for the Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan will be listed m your NPDES storm water permit.
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
EPA BASELINE GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
»; A <•, y
<*, **£<•
VA •*
Signature Requirements ;
Parts V.B. and VM3."
All reports/ certifications, or information either submitted to the Director «ir to the operator of a
large or medium municipal separate' storm sewer system, Or required to be maintained by tip ^ "]
permittee onsite shall be signed according to the following details: < ' ,„
/* v;s%< , Parts VMM .a.* &, and c.
For a corporation, the plan must be signed by a "responsible corporate officer.* A,
rflSpnnsihlR corporate officer may be anv onp Of fo? following: '* ^^;/< , ,
« A president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president of the corporation In charge of>ax > j*' -
principal business function, orany ojjher persort who performs simitar policy or decision-
making functions'for the corporation ^ l*f"^ '•"'"''"' „'_ l-,.,^ t"" -"" '
- The manager of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities employing
more than 250 persons or having gross annual sales or expenditures exceeding " ' *••.'•.-' ,>*' /" ^
v " '™ < - '' -v
* -*-f f
- The principal executive officer or ranking official, which includes the chief executive
officer of the agency, or w'^'\x '-•""'" ' < - - " "
•.-*• •, -. s-, v ? •*,,*•
- The senior officer haying responsibility for tiie overall operations of a principal < s v ^ v
geographic unit of the> agency {e.g., Regional EPA Administrators). '<" ~ ,^"/
*, Designating Signatory Authority
" Parts
%
Any of the above persons may designate a duly authorized representative to aigrVfof ^errt, the'
representative may either be a particular individual or a particular named position, if an , ';..;t,J J;
authorized representative is appointed, tHe authorlzationTmust be put in writing by the '\' ^T"^
responsible signatory and submitted to the Director. Any change in an authorized Individual or ,:
an authorized position must be made in writing and submitted to the Director* > "," _'_
-------
Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
EPA BASELINE GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Reports/Documents Certification Requirements , ,-• •-'
fartVi.G,.2.d. ' - - ~ ' ' ',-
•f f "• f s
•t s f •f f
Any person signing documents under this section shall make the following certification: 7, *
"I certify under penalty of law that this document and alt attachments were prepared
under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that -'""
qualified personnel properly gathered arid evaluated the information submitted. Based on
my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly "_
responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. ) am aware that there are significant.
penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and ' „ >••;
imprisonment for knowing violations." ' " ' - '* ,
Construction activities typically have contractors or subcontractors who are responsible for
implementing the controls specified in the plan, but may not have the authority to design or-modify
the plan. Many NPDES permits will require that these contractors certify that they understand the
requirements of the permit and the plan.
EPA BASELINE GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
- .. -', Requirements foir Contractors and Subcontractors
^ Parts'lV,E.1,«nd1V,E.2. ;
The site's Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan shall provide a list of all contractors and - •-
subcontractors who will implement the measures identified in the plan in addition, these
contractors and subcontractors shall sign a certification statement and provide their names, '' "
addresses, and telephone numbers These certifications shall be signed before the contractor -.. ••
begins activities and shall be filed with the site's Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. , ', -
The following statement shall be signed in accordance with the signatory requirements described
above. -'"" '*' - - ' ,"- * -/,-^-
/*?'- ^" ,
" ' < ' , .' '" '-. - -'
*t certify under penalty of law that I understand the terms and conditions Of the general * ^,
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System {NPDES) permit that authorizes the stonm,
water discharges associated with industrial activity from the construction site Identified \ ^,
as part of this certification." A, " " ~- ' ^
2.4.2 Notice of Intent
If you intend to include your project undei a General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated
With Industrial Activity from Construction Activities, then you are typically required to submit an
N01 prior to commencement of construction. Consult your permit to determine the exact deadline
for submitting an NOI It should be noted that typically the NOI cannot be submitted until the
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan has> been prepared
September 1992 2-21
-------
Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevent/on Han
In cases where more than one party meets the definition of an "operator" of a construction activity
(see Section 1.3 or consult your permit), all of those parties may need to submit an NOI and
become co-permittee's.
EPA BASELINE GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Notice of Intent Requirements
Parts II.A.2 and ll.B...
Individuals who intend to obtain coverage for storm water discharges from a construction site,. v:.,::
(where disturbances a$sociated with jhe construction project begin after October 1,1992) shall
submit an NOI at least 2 days prior to the commencement of construction,': - > ";:'
The NOI should include: 'tj^ tf , « - -_
1. The mailing address of the construction site for which the notification is submitted.
Where a mailing address for the site is not available,, the location of the approximate
center of the site must be described in terms of the latitude and longitude to the nearest
15 seconds, or the' section, township and range to the nearest quarter; ,v ir > """> < .
<" v "> ^ -t -&v > It -H M "" SSwvi *>-4- jw j- -. s "• •••
2. The name, address and telephone number of the operatpr(s) with day to day operational
control that have been identified at the time of the NOI submittal, and operator status as
a Federal, State, private, public or other entity. Where multiple operators have been ^
selected at the time^of^the initial NOl/submrttal, ftpjs must be attached and submitted*in
the same envelope. When an additional operator submits an NOI for a site with a ,"'}";;'
preexisting NPDES permit, the NO! for the additional operator must indicate the number ;;'
for the preexisting NPDES permjtr^ -•_/••?— \ -- •• ^vv «
3. The name of the receiving^wa|er(s)* ,or jtl^e Discharge is through a municipal separate
storm sewer, the name of the^municipaTpperator of the storm sewer and the ultimate J^
receiving water(s); .;/, \%-/> - : s' ',,L .. '" "'""'
4. The number of any NPDES permit for any discharge (including non-storm water
discharges) for the site ttiat ^sVurrently authorized by an NPDES permit, ''™ •-'
5. An indication of whether the facility has existing quantitative data describing the
concentration of pollutants in the storm water discharge available (existing data should
not be included as part of the NOD; and * , ' - ; ^^,.v-"--'M *>
^' - '-vJ" "^'' '•"<,«-«. , r* - * - - ,y <. .*
2-22 September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
2.4.3 Plan Location and Public Access
Submitta! Requirements/Plan Location
Some NPDES storm water permits for construction sites may require that Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plans be submitted to the Director for review, whereas other permits may only require
that plans be maintained onsite. Permitting authorities may prefer not to require plans to be
submitted to reduce the administrative burden of reviewing a large number of pollution prevention
plans However, when the Director requests the plan, permittees should submit it in a timely
manner. In addition, when requested, permittees should also submit their plan to State or local
sediment and erosion or storm water management agencies, or to a municipal operator where the
site discharges through an NPDES storm water permitted municipal separate storm sewer system.
Examine your permit carefully to determine what requirements apply to your facility regarding
submitting plans.
Regardless of whether or not the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan should be submitted to the
permitting authority or other public agency, site operators are expected to keep the plan and
supporting materials at the site of the construction operations at all times throughout the project.
In maintaining plans onsite, you should keep all records and supporting documents compiled
together in an orderly fashion Your permit may require that all records be maintained for a certain
period of time after the project is completed This provision ensures that all records are available in
case a legal situation arises for which documentation is necessary.
EPA BASELINE GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Submittal/Plan Location Requirements ^ - - , -
" Parts tV.B, and V.A./8. ''""•• , ,"- ^
*• <
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans ifor construction activities shall be maintained onsite of
the activity unless the Director, or authorized representative, the operator of a targe or medium
municipal separate storm sewer system, or a State or focal sediment and control agency
requests that the plan be submitted* Permittees should keep & copy of the plan at the
construction site until the site is finally stabilized. In addition, permittees are required to keep
the plan, all reports and data for at least three years after the project is complete.
Public Access
Despite the fact that plans and associated records are not necessarily required to be submitted to
the Director, these documents are considered to be "reports" according to Section 308(b) of the
Clean Water Act, and therefore, are available to the public Your permit may require you to provide
copies of your plan to your permitting authority, municipal operator, or State or local agency upon
request. However, permittees may claim certain portions of their Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Plan as confidential according to the regulations at 40 CFR Part 2. Basically, these regulations
state that records which contain trade secret information may be claimed as confidential.
-------
Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
SITE EVALUATION AND DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
ASSESSMENT
CONTROL SELECTION/PLAN DESIGN
CERTIFICATION AND NOTIFICATION
CONSTRUCTION/IMPLEMENTATION
• tmpt»m»nl control*
• ln«p«cS ind m»fritim contrail
• UpdiU/ch*ng« Bw plan
* Rtport ral«u*t o! raporubl* quantM*
FINAL STABILIZATION/TERMINATION
2.5 CONSTRUCTION/IMPLEMENTATION
Once you have prepared a Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan and filed a Notice of Intent, you
may then start construction of the project.
However, you are not finished meeting the
requirements of your permit. You should now do
the things which you said you would do in the
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan.
2.5.1 Implement Controls
The first step you should take is to construct or perform the controls which were selected for the
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan The controls should be constructed or applied in
accordance with State or local standard specifications. If there are no State or local specifications
for control measures then the controls should be constructed in accordance with good engmeenng
practices. Appendix B of this manual lists typical design standards for structural control measures.
The controls should be constructed and the stabilization measures applied in the order which you
indicated in the sequence of major activities.
To ensure that controls are adequately implemented, it is important that the work crews which
install the measures are experienced and/or adequately trained. Improperly installed controls can
have little or no effect and may actually increase the pollution of storm water.
It is also important that all other workers on the construction site be made aware of the controls so
that they do not inadvertently disturb or remove them.
2.5.2 Inspect and Maintain Controls
Inspection and maintenance of the control measures is as important to pollution prevention as
proper planning and design Chapter 5 describes in further detail the inspection and maintenance
activities which should be performed Inspection should be performed at the frequency specified in
the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan and/or the permit The inspector should note any
damage or deficiencies in the control measures in an inspection report The operator should correct
damage or deficiencies as soon as practicable after the inspection, and any changes that may be
required to correct deficiencies in the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan should be made as
soon as practicable after the inspection.
2-24
September 1992
-------
Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevent/on Plan
2.5.3 Maintain Records of Construction Activities
In addition to the inspection and maintenance reports, the operator should keep records of the
construction activity on the site. In particular, the operator should keep a record of:
• The dates when major grading activities occur in a particular area
• The dates when construction activities cease in an area, temporarily or permanently
• The dates when an area is stabilized.
»
You can use these records to make sure that areas where there is no construction activity will be _
stabilized within the required timeframe
2.5.4 Changing the Plan
In order for a construction activity to be in full compliance with its NPDES storm water permit, and
in order for the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan to be effective, the plan should be consistent
with permit conditions, and the plan should accurately reflect site features and operations. Should
either of these conditions not be met by the plan, the plan should be changed.
If, at any time during the effective period of the permit, the permitting authority finds that the plan
does not meet one or more of the minimum standards established by the pollution prevention plan
requirements, the permitting authority will notify the permittee of required changes necessary to
bring the plan up to standard
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans are developed based on site-specific features and functions.
Where there are changes in design, construction, operation, or maintenance, and that change will
have a significant effect on the potential for discharging pollutants in storm water at a site, the
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan should be modified by the permittee to reflect the changes
and new conditions For example, a change in the construction schedule or design specifications
should be incorporated in the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. Another situation in which
the plan should be modified is where the plan proves to be ineffective in controlling pollutants.
This determination could be made based on the results of regular visual inspections (see
Chapter 5)
EPA BASELINE GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Requirements^for Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan Changes , \ ^
"' - Parts IV.B.3. and 1V.C. ';" ^ * } %A—,
"• s ,\VV ••
Any changes required by trie permitting authority shall be made within 7 days of the notification
or an individual application should be submitted, unless otherwise provided by the notification* 1
The permittee should submit a certification to the permitting authority that the requested * " T
changes have been made. The Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan requirements also Specify
that the permittee to update the plan as necessary to reflect any changes onsite which may ^;
affect the potential for discharges of pollutants from the site. >- - c
September 1992 2-25
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
2.5.5 Releases of Reportable Quantities
Because construction activities may handle certain hazardous substances over the course of the
project, spills of these substances in amounts that equal or exceed Reportable Quantity (RQ) levels
are a possibility. EPA has issued regulations which define what reportable quantity levels are for oil
and hazardous substances. These regulations are found at 40 CFR Part 110, 40 CFR Part 117, or
40 CFR Part 302 (see Appendix F for a complete list). For oil, if you detect an oily sheen in your
storm water runoff, then you have exceeded the reportable quantity level. For hazardous
substances, the RQ levels depend on the chemical For example, for dieldrin, a pesticide, the level
is 1 kilogram (kg). If you spill or otherwise release one or more kg of dieldrin, then you have
exceeded the RQ threshold. Spill events such as these can be avoided if your site's Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan addresses this possibility. Chapter 5 discusses spill prevention and
control. To do this, your permit may require a description of potential spill areas in your site
description or a description of specific procedures to respond to and clean up a spill. Another
possibility would be for your permit to establish a RQ release as a trigger for more stringent
requirements, such as a requirement to submit an individual application
EPA BASELINE GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
*. v - W » -«
Requirements for Reporting Spills
U» *,Jx " - < tf -i; :' &{f(' ' ^ -£ ,, ^f^f .,
if the construction site has a release of a hazardous substance or of Oil in an amount which ^ ,; "' :'
exceeds a reportabfe quantity iRQ) as defined at 40 CFR ParJ J10, 40 CFR Part 11.7, 0^40 CFft
Part 302 {see Appendix F for a complete list}, then the permittee shall do Several things" " - <^
"' "'
, < .
The person in charge of the site at the time of the spil| shall call the National Response
Center to report the spill (800-424-8802, or 202-426*267^);'
1 -
- " (J,'> r- f
Within 14 days after the release is detected, modify the site Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan, The modification shall include: a description of the release; the date of
the release; an explanation of why the spill happened, a description of procedures to
prevent future spills and/or releases from happening; and a description of response
procedures should a spill or release occur again; and - -- v *• >,
•* '
* Within 14 days of the release, submit a written description of the release including: a .. '
description of the release, including she type of material and an estimated amount of Spill;
> "the date of the release; an explanation of why the spill happened; and a description of the
steps taken to prevent and control future releases, v" ' '"'" ' " - - '
-------
Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
SITE EVALUATION AND DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
ASSESSMENT
CONTROL SELECTION/PLAN DESIGN
CERTIFICATION AND NOTIFICATION
CONSTRUCTION/IMPLEMENTATION
FINAL STABILIZATION/TERMINATION
• Final stabilization
• None* of Termination
2.6 FINAL STABILIZATION/
TERMINATION
Your permit for discharge of storm water
associated with a construction activity may remain
in effect until the discharge is eliminated. This
does not mean when the storm water discharge fe
eliminated but that the construction is completed.
Typically, the storm water discharge associated
with an industrial activity is eliminated when the
she is finally stabilized. When storm water
discharge associated with an industrial activity
ceases, the permit may allow the owner/operator of
the facility to cease coverage by submitting a
Notice of Termination.
2.6.1 Final Stabilization
As soon as practicable after construction activities have been completed in a disturbed area,
permanent stabilization should be started to prevent further erosion of sort from that area. All
disturbed areas of a site (except those portions which are covered by pavement or a structure)
should be finally stabilized once all construction activities are completed Final stabilization
requirements may vary from permit to permit Read your permit to determine exactly what
constitutes final stabilization
EPA BASELINE GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Final Stabilization Requirements ••" ,
-s-
, Part IX. - x* ^ <
A site can be considered finally stabilized when all soil disturbing activities at the site have bean
completed and a uniform perennial vegetative cover with a density of 70 percent for the
unpaved areas and areas not covered by permanent structures has been established or ^ , x
equivalent permanent stabilization measuies have been employed.
2.6.2 Notice of Termination
The Notice of Termination is typically the final task required to comply with the requirements of an
NPDES storm water permit for a construction activity The Notice of Termination communicates to
the permit enforcement agency that the construction activity has ceased and the area is stabilized.
Your permit may list the requirements for Notice of Termination Check the permit to see what
information is required and when it may be submitted
,,- TOP?
2-27
-------
1
Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
EPA BASELINE GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Notice of Termination Requirements
* * * i * •> ,'
/if:"' ^ *:\v Part VHI.A
Notice of Termination shay incfude:^' " /X'/ -*^' '" »"-- >
,1* The mailing address of1 the construction she for which the notification, is submitted, >v f
Where a mailing address for the site is not available, the location of the approximate ' "'.
center of the site must be described in terms of the latitude and longitude to the, nearest
15 seconds, or the section, township and range to the nearest quarter; •«,/•„}•;,«,\. >."•-
2t The name/ address and telephone number of the operator addressed by the Notice of '"'"
Termination; ""; sf''*- «^'- -
•* /-.-.*- x '"' '
3, The NPDES permit number for the storm water discharge identified by the Notice of
Termination; r J^ **° /- " '
4. An indication of whether the storm water discharges associated with industrial activity
have been eliminated or the" operator of the discharges has changed; and ^ - >< P
.uuu s,, .. <<<% ^ -^ ' (
* ^' -' \^ " "s'f " r<
5. The following certification signed in accordance with Part VI.G, (signatory requirements)
of this permit: "' "i"-^"'-* , - - *
-..? <*
vv;
*i certify under penalty of law thai all storm water discharges associated with : *
industrial activity from the identified facility that are authorized by an NPDES general
permit have been eliminated or that I am no longer the operator of the construction
activity. I understand that by submitting this notice of termination, that I am no %
longer authorized to discharge stoitn water associated with industrial activity under
this general permit, and that discharging pollutants in storm water associated with
industrial activity to waters of the United States is unlawful under the Clean Water
Act where the discharge is not authorized by art NPDES permit. 1 also understand that
the submittal of this notice of termination does not release ah operator from liability
for any violations of this permit or the Clean Water Act,* fVV'
^ s&>
For the purposes of this certification,, elimination of storm water discharges associated
with industrial activity means that ail disturbed soils at the Identified facility have been' ^
finally stabilized and temporary erosion and sediment control measures have been removed
or will be removed at an appropriate time, or that all storm water discharges associated
with construction activities from the identified,site that are authorized by a NPDES general
permit have otherwise been eliminated. ^V^v -^ - / -"•'" < f--
2-28 Seotember 1992
-------
Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
2.7 SUMMARY
This chapter has tried to describe the components of an effective Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Plan for construction activities. The process of developing and implementing a Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan has been described on a step-by-step basis in the order that the plan should ba
assembled. Table 2.2 summarizes the components of a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan and
indicates where these components are described.
-------
Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
TABLE 2.2 SUMMARY OF STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
COMPONENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
/ •: .• * *• * y •"* ^•"'"If' * ;
Component " \*,^''/<™* , - \
a. SITE DESCRIPTION
(1) Description of the nature of construction activity
(2) Estimate of total area of the site and of the area
expected to be disturbed
(3) Runoff coefficient
(4) Site map including
• Drainage patterns
• Approximate slopes
• Area of soil disturbance
_• Location of structural and nonstructural
controls
• Location of stabilization practices
• Surface waters (Type)
(5) Receiving waters (Name)
b. DESCRIPTION OF CONTROLS
Sequence of major activities
Timing for each control measure
(1) Erosion and Sediment Controls
(a) Description of Stabilization Practices
(b) Description of Structural Practices
(2) Storm water management
(3) Other controls
(4) Approved State or local plans
(5) Description of maintenance
(6) Inspectors
(fa) Changes to the plan
(c) Inspection reports
5. Non-Storm Water Discharges
Description of controls for non-storm water discharges
6 Industrial activities onsite
7. Contractors
Certification
See Section? i
21.2
2.2.1
2.2.3
2 1 1
2.1 3
2.1 3
2.34
234
21 1
21 1
236
236
2 3 1 and 2 3 6
2 3 1 and 2 3 6
2 3 2 and 2.3.6
2.3 3 and 2 3 6
237
23.5
2.5.3
2.5 2 and 2 3 5
236
21.3
241
Further information
AvaUaWft in
Chapters 3, 4, and 5
Chapter 3
Chapters 3, 4, and 5
Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 3
Chapter 5
Chapter 5
Chapter 5
2-30
September 1992
-------
CHAPTER
SEDIMENT AND EROSION CONTROL
Soil erosion and sediment controls are measures which are used to reduce the amount of soil
particles that are carried off of a land area and deposited in a receiving water. Soil erosion and
sediment control is not a new technology The USDA Soil Conservation Service and a number of
State and local agencies have been developing and promoting the use of erosion and sediment
control devices for years
This chapter provides a general description of some of the most commonly used measures today
and a method to select the most appropriate measures for your project The descriptions contained
in this chapter are very simple and are intended to provide general understanding rather than
specific design information. You are encouraged to consult your State or local guidance books for
sediment and erosion control measure design standards You are also encouraged to consult the
design fact sheets contained m Appendix B of this manual
3.1 SELECTION OF SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PRACTICES
Your selection of the best soil erosion and sediment controls for your site should be primarily based
upon the nature of the construction activity and the conditions which exist at the construction site.
f
The soil erosion and sediment control portion of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan should:
« Minimize the amount of disturbed soil
• Prevent runoff from offsite areas from flowing across disturbed areas
• Slow down the runoff flowing across the site
• Remove sediment from onsite runoff before it leaves the site
• Meet or exceed local or State requirements for sediment and erosion control plans.
Your soil erosion and sediment control plan should meet each of the objectives listed above. How
you meet these objectives depends primarily on the nature of the construction activity and the
characteristics of the site The following subsections are presented in a question and answer
format The questions concern certain characteristics of your construction site Your answer to
each of these questions will help you deteimme what sediment and erosion control practices are
best suited for your construction project
Appendix A includes an Erosion and Sediment Control Checklist This checklist can be used in your
review of the erosion and sediment control portion of your Pollution Prevention Plan to evaluate
compliance with typical storm water construction permit requirements You should also review
your projects.
Seotember 1992 3-1
-------
Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
The major problem associated with erosion at construction sites is the movement of soil off the site
and its impact on water quality. Construction site erosion is a source of sediments, toxicants, and
nutrients which pollute the receiving water(s) Clearing, grading, or otherwise altering previously
undisturbed land at a construction site increases the erosion rate by as much as 1,000 times the
pre-construction rate. Millions of tons of sediment are generated annually by the construction
industry in the United States alone, and erosion rates, typically 100 to 200 tons per acre, have
been reported as high as 500 tons per acre (State of North Carolina, 1988).
Q. What is Erosion?
Erosion, by the action of water, wind, and ice, is a natural process in which soil and rock material
is loosened and removed. There are two major classifications of erosion (1) geological erosion,
and (2) man-made erosion
Geological erosion, which includes soil-forming as well as soil-removing, has contributed to the
formation of soils and their distribution on the surface of the earth Man-made erosion, which can
greatly accelerate the natural erosion process, includes the breakdown of soil aggregates and the
increased removal of organic and mineral particles; it is caused by clearing, grading, or otherwise
altering the land. Erosion of soils that occurs at construction sites is man-made erosion.
Factors Influencing Erosion by Water
Erosion of the land surface may be caused by water, wind, ice, or other geological agents. Water
erosion, which is the focus of this document, is the loosening and removal of soil from the land by
running water, including runoff from melted snow and ice The major factors affecting soil erosion
are soil characteristics, climate, rainfall intensity and duration, vegetation 01 other surface cover,
and topography.
Understanding the factors that effect erosion makes it possible to predict the extent and
consequences of onsite erosion
3-2 September 1992
-------
Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
3.1.1 Minimize the Amount of Disturbed Soil
Minimizing the amount of disturbed soil on the construction site wilt decrease the amount of soil
which erodes from the site, and it can deciease the amount of controls you have to construct to
remove the sediment from the runoff
Q. How does disturbing soil cause erosion?
Disturbing soil can remove the vegetation Vegetation is the most effective way to control erosion.
Vegetative covers reduce erosion by (1) shielding the soil surface from the impact of falling fain
and thus reducing runoff, (2) dispersing and decreasing the velocity of surface flow, (3) physically
restraining soil movement, (4) increasing infiltration rates by improving the soil's structure and
porosity through the incorporation of roots and plant residues; and (5) conducting transpiration,
which decreases soil moisture content and increases soil moisture storage capacity Figure 3.1
illustrates some of the ways that vegetation helps control erosion.
Nonvegetative covers such as mulches and stone aggregates similarly protect soils from erosion.
Like vegetative covers, these ground covers shield the soil surface from the impact of falling tain,
reduce flow velocity, and disperse flow. Each of these types of cover provides a rough surface
that slows the runoff velocity and promotes infiltration and deposition of sediment. The condition
as well as the type of ground cover influences the rate and volume of runoff. It should be noted
that although impervious surfaces (such as parking lots) protect the covered area, they prevent
infiltration and consequently increase the peak flow rate which increases the potential for erosion
at the discharge area
Q. Did you develop a site plan that does not require a significant amount of
grade changes?
A construction project site should be selected and laid out so that it fits into existing land contours.
When you try to significantly change the grades in an area you can increase the amount of
disturbed soil which increases the amount of erosion which will occur. Significant regradmg can
also disturb the natural drainage of an area, and can be more costly.
Q. Are there portions of the site which will not have to be cleared for
construction to proceed?
Only clear and grub the portions of the site where it is necessary for construction. When less area
is disturbed for construction, there is less erosion of soil Natural vegetation can also improve the
aesthetics of the site See page 3-24 Preservation of Natural Vegetation for further discussion on
this BMP.
3-3
-------
Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
WOODLAND
PONDING WATER
GULLY EROSION
GRASSED SLOPE
VEGETATED SLOPE YIELDS
MINIMAL, FILTERED RUNOFF.
TREES ABSORB MUCH OF THE
EROSIVE POWER OF RAIN.
BARE SLOPE YIELDS
A LARGE VOLUME OF
SEDIMENT-LADEN RUNOFF.
FIGURE 3.1 EROSION PREVENTION BY STABILIZATION
(From State of North Carolina, 1988)
September 1992
-------
Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Q. Can the construction be performed in stages, so that the entire site does not
have to be cleared at one time?
If your construction project will take place over a wide spread area, consider staging the project so
that only a small portion of the site will be disturbed at any one time For example, if you were
developing a 100-acre housing subdivision, rather than clear the entire 100 acres at the start of
construction, only clear a 20-acre parcel, grade the area, install the utilities, pave the roads,
construct the houses, landscape and seed the lawn areas, then move on to the next 20-acre parcel.
Phased construction helps to lessen the risk of erosion by minimizing the amount of disturbed soil
that is exposed at any one time
Q. Are there portions of the site which will be disturbed then left alone for long
periods of time?
If there are disturbed portions of the site that will not be re-disturbed for a long period (check your
permit to see what the maximum time is), then these areas should be stabilized with Temporary
Seeding (see page 3-14) or Mulching (see page 3-16) This will reduce the amount of erosion from
these areas until they are disturbed again For example, if soil excavated from a temporary
sediment trap is stockpiled to be used latei to backfill the trap (when the area is stabilized) then the
stockpile should be stabilized with temporary seed
Q. Do you stabilize all disturbed areas after construction is complete?
By permanently stabilizing the disturbed areas as soon as possible after construction is complete in
those areas, you can significantly reduce the amount of sediment which should be trapped before it
leaves your site An area can be stabilized by Permanent Seeding and Planting (see page 3-20),
Mulching (see page 3-16), Geotextiles (see page 3-17), and Sod Stabilization (see page 3-26).
Q Does snow prevent you from seeding an area?
If snow cover prevents you from seeding a disturbed area or planting other types of vegetation,
then you should wait until the snow melts before stabilizing the area.
Q. Is there not enough rainfall to allow vegetation to grow on your
construction site.
If there is not enough rainfall on the area you have disturbed to allow vegetation to grow then you
should,
• Seed and irrigate the disturbed area (if allowed by your permit-see non storm-water flows) or,
• Stabilize the disturbed areas by non vegetative methods (See Mulching (page 3-16),
Geotextiles (page 3-17), or Chemical Stabilization (page 3*19)
1992 3-5
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
3.1.2 Prevent Runoff From Offsite Areas From Flowing Across Disturbed Areas
Diverting offsite runoff around a disturbed area reduces the amount of storm water which comes
into contact with the exposed soils. If there is less runoff coming in contact with exposed soil,
then there will be less erosion of the soil and less storm water which has to be treated to remove
sediment.
Q. Does runoff from undisturbed uphill areas flow onto your construction site?
Overland flow can be diverted around a construction site by installing an Earth Dike (see page
3-37), an Interceptor Dike and Swale (see page 3-41), or a Drainage Swale (see page 3-39). Your
choice of diversion methods depends upon the size of the uphill area and the steepness of the
slope the diversion must go down. Interceptor dikes and swales are effective in diverting overland
flows from smaller areas (3 acres or less) down gentle slopes (10 percent or less) A temporary
swale is most effective diverting runoff from concentrated channels and an earth dike is capable of
diverting both sheet and concentrated flows from larger areas down steeper slopes (See
Appendix B for specific design information regarding each of these diversion measures.) These
devices should be installed from the uphill side of the site down to a point where they can
discharge to an undisturbed area on the downhill side of the site.
Q. Will runoff flow down a steeply sloped, disturbed area on the site?
Steeply sloped areas are especially susceptible to erosion. If there are steep areas on your site
which will be disturbed, then an Earth Dike (page 3-37) or Interceptor Dike and Swale (page 3-41)
may be used to divert the runoff from the top of the slope to the inlet of a Pipe Slope Drain (page
3-48) or to a less steeply sloped area These measures will minimize the amount of runoff flowing
across the face of a slope and decrease the erosion of that slope
Q. Is there a swale or stream which runs through your construction site?
Swales and streams which run through construction sites must be protected from erosion and
sediment because they can be significantly damaged. Streams and other water bodies should be
protected by Preservation of Natural Vegetation (see page 3-24) or Buffer Zones (see page 3-22).
Where possible, these techniques should also be used to protect swales or intermittent streams.
Where construction requires that the stream or swale be disturbed, then the amount of area and
time of disturbance should be kept at a minimum All stream and channel crossings should be
made at right angles to the stream, preferably at the most narrow portion of the channel Once a
stream or swale is disturbed, construction should proceed as quickly as possible in this area Once
completed, the stream banks should be stabilized with Stream Bank Stabilization (see page 3-28),
Gabions. Swales and intermittent streams disturbed by .construction should be seeded and
stabilized with Geotextiles (see page 3-17) as soon as possible
3-6 September 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Q. Does construction traffic have to cross a drainage swale or stream?
If it is necessary to cross a swale or stream to get to all or parts of your construction site, then
before you begin working on the opposite side of the stream, you should construct a Temporary
Stream Crossing (see page 3-43). Stream crossings can be either permanent or temporary
depending upon the need to cross the stream after construction is complete.
"8-7
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
3.1.3 Slow Down the Runoff Traveling Across the Site
The quantity and size of the soil particles that are loosened and removed increase with the velocity
of the runoff. This is because high runoff velocities reduce infiltration into the soil (and therefore
also increase runoff volume) and exert greater forces on the soil particles causing them to detach.
It is no surprise, therefore, that high flow velocities are associated with severe rill and gully erosion.
Q. Is your site gently sloped?
When preparing the grading plan, try to make grades as gradual as possible without modifying the
existing site conditions significantly. Steeper slopes result in faster moving runoff, which results in
greater erosion. Erosion can occur on even the gentlest of slopes depending on soil and climate
conditions. The State/local representative of the Soil Conservation Service is a good source of
area-specific considerations. (The USDA defines slopes of 2 to 9 percent as gently sloping; slopes
of 9 to 15 percent are considered moderately steep, slopes of 30 to 50 percent are considered to
be steep slopes; and slopes greater than 50 percent are considered very steep slopes.)
Q. Are there steepjy sloped areas on your site?
Steeply sloped areas can be protected from erosion in a number of ways Section 3.1.2 describes
how flow can be diverted away from the face of the slope, however, this technique does not
address runoff from the slope itself Gradient Terraces (see page 3-70) should be used to break the
slope and slow the speed of the runoff flowing down the hillside. Surface Roughening (see page
3-67) can also be used on sloped areas as a method to slow down overland flow on a steep slope.
Q. Is your site stabilized with vegetation?
In addition to holding soil in place and shielding it from the impact of lam drops, vegetative cover
also increases the roughness of the surface runoff flows over The rougher surface slows the
runoff. An area can be stabilized by Permanent Seeding (see page 3-20), Mulching (see page
3-16), Geotextiles (see page 3-17), and Sod Stabilization (see page 3-26).
Q. Does runoff concentrate into drainage swales on your site?
Concentrated runoff can be more erosive than overland flow Runoff concentrated into swales or
channels can be slowed by reducing the slope and increasing the width of a channel. When site
conditions prevent decreasing the slope and widening a channel, then runoff can be slowed with
Check Dams (see page 3-65). Runoff can also be slowed in channels by establishing a vegetative
cover. Geotextiles (see page 3-17) are often used to hold the channel soil in place while the grass
is growing
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
3.1.4 Remove Sediment From Onsite Runoff Before it Leaves the Site
Despite the many advances in meteorology, it is not possible to predict more than a few days in
advance when it will rain. It takes several weeks to establish a grass cover which can effectively
control erosion, and, even if there were advanced warning of rainfall, it is not always possible to
halt construction activities in an area to allow grass to grow. Therefore, it is necessary on most
construction sites, to install measures which can remove sediment from runoff before it flows off of
the construction site.
Q. Does your construction disturb an area 10 acres or larger that drains to a
common location?
The sediment control device which is most suitable for large disturbed areas is the Sediment Basm
(see page 3-60) A sediment basin should be installed at all locations where there is an upstream
disturbed area of 10 acres or more. Only if a sediment basin is not attainable should other
sediment controls be installed A sediment basin may not be attainable at a location if.
« Shallow bedrock prevents excavation of a basin
• Topography in the common drainage location prohibits the construction of a basin of
adequate storage volume
* There is insufficient space available at the common drainage location to construct a basin,
due to the presence of existing structures, pavement, or utilities which cannot be relocated
• The only common drainage location is beyond the property line or "right of way" of the
construction activity and a temporary construction easement cannot be obtained
• State, local, or other Federal regulations prohibit a basin or the construction of a basin in the
common drainage locations
Q. Does your construction disturb an area less than 10 acres that drains to a
common location?
Disturbed areas less than 10 acres in size have more variety in the measures which are suitable for
sediment control Several types of measures can be used for sediment control including: Sediment
Basins. Sediment Trap. Silt Fence, and Gravel Filter Berms The selection among these measures
depends upon a number of criteria The following questions should help you determine which is
the most appropriate
,-„ toot
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Q. What If a sediment basin is not attainable on a site where there are 10 or
more disturbed acres which drain to a common location?
If you cannot install a sediment basin on your site, then you should install Sediment Traps (see
page 3-58), Silt Fences (see page 3-52), or other equivalent sediment control measures such as
Gravel. Filter Berms (see page 3-54).
Q. Does runoff leave the disturbed area as overland flow?
Sediment can be removed from overland flow using filtration controls such as Silt Fences (see page
3-52) and Gravel Filter Berms (see page 3-54). These methods have limitations (which are
described in Section 3.2.2) regarding the specific conditions in which they are effective.
Overland flow runoff from a disturbed area can also be directed to a Sediment Trao (see page 3-58)
or a Temporary Sediment Basin (see page 3-60) using diversion devices such as an Earth Dike (see
page 3-37) or an Interceptor Dike and Swale (see page 3-41).
Q. Is flow concentrated in channels as it leaves the disturbed area?
Sediment should be removed from concentrated runoff by either a Sediment Trap (see page 3-58)
or a Temporary Sediment Basin (see page 3-60) depending upon the disturbed area upstream.
Filtration measures are generally not effective when used in concentrated flow because flow will
back-up behind the filter until it overtops it.
Q. Are structural controls located along the entire downhill perimeter of all
disturbed areas?
Runoff which passes over disturbed soil should pass through sediment controls before it can be
allowed to flow off of the construction site. Therefore the entire downslope and side slope borders
of the disturbed area should be lined with filtration devices, such as silt fence, or with a diversion
device which will carry the runoff to a sediment basin or sediment trap prior to discharging it off
site
Q. Is there a piped storm drain system with inlets in a disturbed area?
If there is a yard dram or curb inlet which receives flow from a disturbed area then a Sediment
Basin. Sediment Trap, or Inlet Protection should be constructed to remove the sediment from the •
runoff before it flows into the inlet
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Chapter 3—Sadiment and Erosion Control
3.1.5 Meet or Exceed Local/State Requirements for Erosion and Sediment Control
Why?
Many State and local authorities also have sediment and erosion control regulations in place.
It is important that these requirements still be met. The NPDES storm water permit your
construction project may be required to obtain for storm water is not intended to supersede State
or local requirements It is intended to provide another means to regulate storm water.
Q. Does your State or local government require erosion and sediment control for
construction projects?
Consult State or local authorities to determine what, if any, requirements there are for sediment
and erosion control on construction project!* Many State and local authorities provide their own
design manuals or guidance to assist in preparing a plan which meets their requirements. These
State and local requirements should be incorporated into the pollution prevention plan.
If the State or local authority requires review and approval of the sediment and erosion control
plan, then a reviewed and approved copy of that plan should be included in the pollution prevention
plan.
Q. Does your State or local government have an erosion and sediment control
requirement which is different from the requirements of your NPDES storm
water permit?
Although most of the provisions of the NPDES storm water permits for construction activities are
consistent with most State and local requirements, there may be differences in the specific
requirements for control measures When there is a difference in requirements, you should use the
more stringent one For example, your State may only require you to stabilize a disturbed area
within 30 days of the last disturbance, however, the your permit may require you to stabilize an
area 14 days after the last disturbance Under this example, you would be required to stabilize
after 14 days
September 1992 3-11
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
3.2 SEDIMENT AND EROSION CONTROL PRACTICES
I i i '
Any site where soils are exposed to water, wind or ice can have soil erosion and sedimentation
problems. Erosion is a natural process in which soil and rock material is loosened and removed.
Sedimentation occurs when soil particles are suspended in surface runoff or wind and are deposited
in streams and other water bodies
Human activities can accelerate erosion by removing vegetation, compacting or disturbing the soil,
changing natural drainage patterns, and by covering the ground with impermeable surfaces
(pavement, concrete, buildings). When the land surface is developed or "hardened" in this manner,
storm water and snowmelt can not seep into or "infiltrate" the ground. This results in larger
amounts of water moving more quickly across a site which can carry more sediment and other
pollutants to streams -and rivers.
The following sections describe stabilization practices and structural practices for erosion and
sediment control. Using the measures to control erosion and sedimentation is an important part of
storm water pollution prevention These measures are well established and have been required by
a number of State and local agencies for years
3.2.1 Stabilization Practices
i
Preserving existing vegetation or revegetating disturbed soil as soon as possible after construction
is the most effective way to control erosion A vegetation cover reduces erosion potential in four
ways: (1) by shielding the soil surface from the direct erosive impact of raindrops, (2) by
improving the soil's water storage porosity and capacity so more water can infiltrate into the
ground; (3) by slowing the runoff and allowing the sediment to drop out or deposit, and (4) by
physically holding the soil in place with plant roots
1
I1!, I il
Vegetative cover can be grass, trees, or shrubs Grasses are the most common type of cover used
for re vegetation because they grow quickly, providing erosion protection within days, .Other soil
stabilization practices such as straw or mulch may be used during non-growing seasons to prevent
erosion. Newly planted shrubs and trees establish root systems more slowly, so keeping existing
ones is a more effective practice
Vegetative and other site stabilization practices can be either temporary or permanent controls,.
Temporary controls provide a cover for exposed or disturbed areas for short periods of time or until
permanent erosion controls are put in place Permanent vegetative practices are used when
activities that disturb the soil are completed or when erosion is occurring on a site that is otherwise
stabilized.
3-12 September 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
EPA BASELINE GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Stabilization Requirements -_ , - > f :\
^ PartlVJD,2,a.<1J, , V ,_-"
* " ~ ''• '• ' v '
Except as provided in paragraphs !V;lX2.taM1 Ma), 8>), and fc$ below, stabilization measures "
shall be Initiated as soon as practicable In jwjitions of th$ site where construction activities h»v«
temporarily or permanently ceased, but In no case more than 14 days after the construction ,C;
activity in that portion of the site has temporarHy or permanently ceased^ '— ; % < ^ ^ -
la). Where the initiation of stabilization measures by the f 4th day after construction activity ;" -
temporary or permanently cease Is precluded toy snow cover, stabilization measures shafl b« '::,-,,,"::
Initiated as soon as practicable. - - ^" ^ "\ ' '' ' , s "Y*V
20 inches), where the initiation of stabilization measures by
the 14th day after construction activity has temporarily or permanently ceased is precluded by
seasonal arid conditions/stabilization measures shall be initiated as soon as practicable, * ,
The remainder of this section describes the common vegetative practices listed below:
• Temporary Seeding
• Mulching
!
• Geotextiles
• Chemical Stabilization
• Permanent Seeding and Planting
• Buffer Zones
• Preservation of Natural Vegetation
• Sod Stabilization
• Stream Bank Stabilization
• Soil Retaining Measures
• Dust Control.
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Chtptor 3—Sediment »nd Erosion Control
"Temporary Seeding
What It It
Temporary seeding means growing a short-term vegetative cover (plants) on disturbed site areas
that may be in danger of erosion. The purpose of temporary seeding is to reduce erosion and
sedimentation by stabilizing disturbed areas that will not be stabilized for long periods of time or
where permanent plant growth is not necessary or appropriate. This practice uses fast-growing
grasses whose root systems hold down the soils so that they are less apt to be carried offsite by
storm water runoff or wind. Temporary seeding also reduces the problems associated with mud
and dust from bare soil surfaces during construction.
1 Hydro-seeding
3 Hand Seeding
2 Seed Bod Preparation
FIGURE 3.2 SEEDING PRACTICES
(Modified from Washington State, 1992)
When and Where to Use It
Temporary seeding should be performed on areas which have been disturbed by construction and
which are likely to be redisturbed, but not for several weeks or more. Typical areas might include
denuded areas, soil stockpiles, dikes, dams, sides of sediment basins, and temporary roadbanks.
Temporary seeding should take place as soon as practicable after the last land disturbing activity in
an area. Check the requirements of your permit for the maximum amount of time allowed between
the last disturbance of an area and temporary stabilization. Temporary seeding may not be an
effective practice in arid and semi-arid regions where the climate prevents fast plant growth,
particularly during the dry seasons. In those areas, mulching or chemical stabilization may be
better for the short-term (see sections on Mulching, Geotextiles, and Chemical Stabilization).
3-14
September 1992
nil "'.".'I, I ill',.!
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
What to Consider
Proper seed bed preparation and the use of high-quality seed are needed to grow plants for
effective erosion control Soil that has been compacted by heavy traffic or machinery may need to
be loosened. Successful growth usually requires that the soil be tilled before the seed is applied.
Topsoilmg is not necessary for temporary &eedmg, however, tt may improve the chances of
establishing temporary vegetation in an area Seed bed preparation may also require applying
fertilizer and/or lime to the soil to make conditions more suitable for plant growth Proper fertilizer,
seeding mixtures, and seeding rates vary depending on the location of the site, soil types, slopes,
and season. Local suppliers, State and local regulatory agencies, and the USDA Soil Conservation
Service will supply information on the best seed mixes and soil conditioning methods.
Seeded areas should be covered with mulch to provide protection from the weather. Seeding on
slopes of 2.1 or more, in adverse soil conditions, during excessively hot or dry weather, or where
heavy ram is expected should be followed by spreading mulch (see section on Mulching) Frequent
inspections are necessary to check that conditions for growth are good. If the plants do not grow
quickly or thick enough to prevent erosion, the area should be reseeded as soon as possible
Seeded areas should be kept adequately moist If normal rainfall will not be enough, mulching.
matting, and controlled watering should be done If seeded areas are watered, watering rates
should be watched so that over-irrigation (which can cause erosion itself) does not occur.
Advantages of Temporary Seeding
• is generally inexpensive and easy to do
• Establishes plant cover fast when conditions are good
• Stabilizes soils well, is aesthetic, and can provide sedimentation controls for other site
areas
• May help reduce costs of maintenance on other erosion controls (e g , sediment basins
may need to be cleaned out less often)
Disadvantages of Temporary Seeding
• Depends heavily on the season and rainfall rate for success
• May require extensive fertilizing of plants grown on some soils, which
with local water quality
• Requires protection from heavy use, once seeded
• May produce vegetation that requires irrigation and maintenance
can cause problems
•s.m
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Chapter 3—Sodimant and Erosion Control
Mulching
Mulching is a temporary soil stabilization or erosion control practice where materials such as grass,
hay, woodchips, wood fibers, straw, or gravel are placed on the soil surface. In addition to
stabilizing soils, mulching can reduce the speed of storm water runoff over an area. When used
together with seeding or planting, mulching can aid in plant growth by holding the seeds, fertilizers,
and topsoil in place, by helping to retain moisture, and by insulating against extreme temperatures.
When and Where to Use It
Mulching is often used alone in areas where temporary seeding cannot be used because of the
season or climate Mulching can provide immediate, effective, and inexpensive erosion control. On
steep slopes and critical areas such as waterways, mulch matting is used with netting or anchoring
to hold it in place.
Mulch seeded and planted areas where slopes are steeper than 2:1, where runoff is flowing across
the area, or when seedlings need protection from bad weather.
What to Consider
Use of mulch may or may not require a binder, netting, or the tacking of mulch to the ground.
Final grading is not necessary before mulching Mulched areas should be inspected often to find
where mulched material has been loosened or removed. Such areas should be reseeded (if
necessary) and the mulch cover replaced immediately. Mulch binders should be applied at rates
recommended by the manufacturer.
Advantages of Mulching
• Provides immediate protection to soils that are exposed and that are subject to heavy
erosion
• Retains moisture, which may minimize the need for watering
• Requires no removal because of natural deterioration of mulching and matting
Disadvantages of Mulching
• May delay germination of some seeds because cover reduces the soil surface temperature
• Mulch can be easily blown or washed away by runoff if not secured
• Some mulch materials such as wood chips may absorb nutrients necessary for plant
growth
3-16 Seotember 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Geotextlles
What Are They
Geotextiles are porous fabrics known in the construction industry as filter fabrics, road rugs,
synthetic fabrics, construction fabrics, or simply fabrics. Geotextiles are manufactured by weaving
or bonding fibers made from synthetic materials such as polypropelene, polyester, polyethylene,
nylon, polyvinyl chloride, glass and various mixtures of these As a synthetic construction material,
geotextiles are used for a variety of purposes in the United States and foreign countries The uses
of geotextiles include separators, reinforcement, filtration and drainage, and erosion control. We
will discuss the use of geotextiles in preventing erosion at construction sites in this section
Some geotextiles are also,biodegradable materials such as mulch matting and netting Mulch
mattings are materials (jute or other wood fibers) that have been formed into sheets of mulch that
are more stable than normal mulch Netting is typically made from jute, other wood fiber, plastic,
paper, or cotton and can be used to hold the mulching and matting to the ground. Netting can also
be used alone to stabilize soils while the plants are growing, however, it does not retain moisture or
temperature well Mulch binders (either asphalt or synthetic) are sometimes used instead of netting
to hold loose mulches together.
When and Where to Use Them
Geotextiles can be used for erosion control by using it alone Geotextiles, when used alone, can be
used as matting Mattings are used to stabilize the flow on channels and swales Also, matting is
used on recently planted slopes to protect seedlings until they become established. Also, matting
may be used on tidal or stream banks wheie moving water is likely to wash out new plantings
Geotextiles are also used as separators An example of such a use is geotextile as a separator
between riprap and soil This "sandwiching" prevents the soil from being eroded from beneath the
riprap and maintaining the riprap's base.
What to Consider
As stated above, the types of geotextiles available are vast, therefore, the selected fabric should
match its purpose Also, State or local requirements, design procedures, and any other applicable
requirements should also be consulted In the field, important concerns include regular inspections
to determine if cracks, tears, or breaches are present in the fabric and appropriate repairs should be
made
Effective netting and matting require firm, continuous contact between the materials and the soil.
If there is no contact, the material will not hold the soil and erosion will occur underneath the
material
3-17
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Chapter 3—Sodiment and Erosion Control
Shallow
Slope
Steep
Slope
Ditch
FIGURE 3.3 ORIENTATION OF MULCH NETTING AND MATTING
(Modified from County of Fairfax, 1987)
Advantages of Geotextiles
• Fabrics are relatively inexpensive for certain applications
• Offer convenience to the installer
• Design methodologies for the use of geotextiles are available
• A wide variety of geotextiles to match specific needs are available
• Mulch matting and netting are biodegradable
Disadvantages of Geotextiles
• If the fabric is not properly selected, designed, or installed, the effectiveness may be
reduced drastically
• Many synthetic geotextiles are sensitive to light and must be protected prior to installation
•9.1P
Seoternber 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Chemical Stabilization
Chemical stabilization practices, often referred to as a chemical mulch, soil binder, or soil palliative,
are temporary erosion control practices. Materials made of vinyl, asphalt, or rubber are sprayed
onto the surface of the soil to hold the soil in place and protect against erosion from storm water
runoff and wind Many of the products u&ed for chemical stabilization are human-made, and many
different products are on the market
I When and Where to Use It |
Chemical stabilization can be used as an alternative in areas where temporary seeding practices
cannot be used because of the season or climate It can provide immediate, effective, and
inexpensive erosion control anywhere erosion is occurring on a site.
What to Consider
The application rates and procedures recommended by the manufacturer of a chemical stabilization
product should be followed as closely as possible to prevent the products from forming ponds and
from creating large areas where moisture cannot get through
Advantages of Chemical Stabilization
Is easily applied to the surface of the soil
Is effective in stabilizing areas where plants will not grow
Provides immediate protection to soils that are in danger of erosion
Disadvantages of Chemical Stabilization
Can create impervious surfaces (where water cannot get through), which may in turn
increase the amount and speed of storm water runoff
May cause harmful effects on water quality if not used correctly
is usually more expensive than vegetative cover
1992
3-19
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Chtptor 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Permanent Seeding and Planting
*,*
What It It
Permanent seeding of grass and planting trees and brush provides stabilization to the soil by
holding soil particles in place. Vegetation reduces sediments and runoff to downstream areas by
slowing the velocity of runoff and permitting greater infiltration of the runoff. Vegetation also
filters sediments, helps the soil absorb water, improves wildlife habitats, and enhances the
aesthetics of a site.
SIX WEEKS AFTER SEEDING
ONE YEAR AFTER SEEDING
FIGURE 3.4 ESTABLISHING PERMANENT COVER WITH
VEGETATION
(Modified from State of North Carolina, 1988)
When and Where to Use It
Permanent seeding and planting is appropriate for any graded or cleared area where long-lived plant
cover is desired. Some areas where permanent seeding is especially important are filter strops,
buffer areas, vegetated swales, steep slopes, and stream banks. This practice is effective on areas
where soils are unstable because of their texture, structure, a high water table, high winds, or high
slope.
What to Consider
For this practice to work, it is important to select appropriate vegetation, prepare a good seedbed,
properly time planting, and to condition the soil Planting local plants during their regular growing
season will increase the chances for success and may lessen the need for watering. Check seeded
areas frequently for proper watering and growth conditions.
When seeding in cold climates diinng fall or winter, cover the area with mulch to provide a
protective barrier against cold weather (see Mulching) Seeding should also be mulched if the
seeded area slopes 4.1 or more, if soil is sandy or clayey, or if weather is excessively hot or dry.
3-20
Seouimber 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Plant when conditions are most favorable for growth When possible, use low-maintenance local
plant species
Topsoil should be used on areas where topsoils have been removed, where the soils are dense or
impermeable, or where mulching and fertilizers alone cannot improve soil quality Topsoilmg should
be coordinated with the seeding and planting practices and should not be planned while the ground
is frozen or too wet. Topsoil layers should be at least 2 inches deep (or similar to the existing
topsoil depth)
To minimize erosion and sedimentation, remove as little existing topsoil as possible. All site
controls should be in place before the topsoil is removed. If topsoils are brought in from another
site, it is important that its texture is compatible with the subsoils onsite; for example, sandy
topsoils are not compatible with clay subsoils
Stockpiling of topsoils onsite requires good planning so soils will not obstruct other operations. If
soil is to be stockpiled, consider using temporary seeding, mulching, or silt fencing to prevent or
control erosion Inspect the stockpiles frequently for erosion After topsoil has been spread,
inspect it regularly, and reseed or replace areas that have eroded.
Advantages of Permanent Seeding and Planting
• Improves the aesthetics of a site
• Provides excellent stabilization
• Provides filtering of sediments
• Provides wildlife habitat
• Is relatively inexpensive
Disadvantages of Permanent Seeding and Planting
• May require irrigation to establish vegetation
• Depends initially on climate and weather for success
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Chapter 3—S9diment and Erosion Control
Buffer Zones
What Are They |
Buffer zones are vegetated strips of land used for temporary or permanent water quality benefits
Buffer zones are used to decrease the velocity of storm water runoff, which in turn helps to
prevent soil erosion. Buffer zones are different from vegetated filter strips (see section on
Vegetated Filter Strips) because buffer zone effectiveness is not measured by its ability to improve
infiltration (allow water to go into the ground). The buffer zone can be an area of vegetation that
is left undisturbed during construction, or it can be newly planted
Parkino lot
Stream
FIGURE 3.5 EXAMPLE BUFFER ZONE
(Modified from Washington State, 1992)
When and Where to Use Them
Buffer zones technique can be used at any site that can support vegetation. Buffer zones are
particularly effective on floodplains, next to wetlands, along stream banks, and on steep, unstable
slopes.
What to Consider
If buffer zones are preserved, existing vegetation, good planning, and site management are needed
to protect against disturbances such as grade changes, excavation, damage from equipment, and
other activities. Establishing new buffer strips requires the establishment of a good dense turf,
trees, and shrubs (see Permanent Seeding and Planting} Careful maintenance is important to
ensure healthy vegetation The need for routine maintenance such as mowing, fertilizing, liming,
irrigating, pruning, and weed and pest control will depend on the species of plants and trees
involved, soil types, and climatic conditions. Maintaining planted areas may require debris removal
and protection against unintended uses or traffic. Many State/local storm water program or zoning
3-22
September 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
agencies have regulations which define required or allowable buffer zones especially near sensitive
areas such as wetlands. Contact the appropriate State/local agencies for their requirements.
Advantages of Buffer Zones
• Provide aesthetic as well as water quality benefits
* Provide areas for infiltration, which reduces amount and speed of storm water runoff
\
• Provide areas for wildlife habitat
• Provide areas for recreation
• Provide buffers and screens for onsrte noise if trees or large bushes are used
• Low maintenance requirements
• Low cost when using existing vegetation
Disadvantages of Buffer Zones
May not be cost effective to use if the cost of land is high
Are not feasible if land is not available
Require plant growth before they are effective •
September 1992 3-23
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
reservation of Natural Vegetation
The preservation of natural vegetation (existing trees, vines, brushes, and grasses) provides natural
buffer zones. By preserving stabilized areas, it minimizes erosion potential, protects water quality,
and provides aesthetic benefits This practice is used as a permanent control measure.
When and Where to Use it |
This technique is applicable to all types of sites. Areas where preserving vegetation can be
particularly beneficial are floodplams, wetlands, stream banks, steep slopes, and other areas where
erosion controls would be difficult to establish, install, or maintain.
What to Consider
Preservation of vegetation on a site should be planned before any site disturbance begins.
Preservation requires good site management to minimize the impact of construction activities on
existing vegetation. Clearly mark the trees to be preserved and protect them from ground
disturbances around the base of the tree. Proper maintenance is important to ensure healthy
vegetation that can control erosion. Different species, soil types, and climatic conditions will
require different maintenance activities such as mowing, fertilizing, limnng, irrigation, pruning, and
weed and pest control. Some State/local regulations require natural vegetation to be preserved in
sensitive areas; consult the appropriate State/local agencies for more information on their
regulations. Maintenance should be performed regularly, especially during construction.
Advantages of Preservation of Natural Vegetation
• Can handle higher quantities of storm water runoff than newly seeded areas
• Does not require time to establish (i.e., effective immediately)
• Increases the filtering capacity because the vegetation and root structure are usually
denser in preserved natural vegetation than in newly seeded or base areas
• Enhances aesthetics
• Provides areas for infiltration, reducing the quantity and velocity of storm water runoff
• Allows areas where wildlife can remain undisturbed
• Provides noise buffers and screens for onsite operations
• Usually requires less maintenance (e.g., irrigation, fertilizer) than planting new vegetation
Disadvantages of Preservation of Natural Vegetation
• Requires planning to preserve and maintain the existing vegetation
• May not be cost effective with high land costs
• May constrict area available for construction activities
3-24 September 1992
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Chtpttr 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
/x^
/' .
1. Vegetation absorbs the energy of falling ram
2. Roots hold soil particles in place
3 Vegetation helps to maintain
absorptive capacity
4 Vegetation slows the velocity of runoff
and acts as a filter to catch sediment
Construction Operations Relative to Location of Protected Treat
FIGURE 3.6 BENEFITS OF PRESERVING NATURAL VEGETATION
(Modified from Washington State, 1992)
1992
3-25
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Ill* I I 111")
Chtptor 3—Sodimont and Erosion Control
Sod Stabilization
Sodding stabilizes an area by immediately covering the surface with vegetation and providing areas
where storm water can infiltrate into the ground
SODDING
1
""
Lav «od In a »taaoer»d
- :_ J .. *••—..» P«twn
BOU. »ad ImitMdiMriv WATER la « d«oih
MOWwh»nth««edle
FIGURES.? SODDING
(Modification from County of Fairfax. 1987)
When and Where to Use It
Sodding is appropriate for any graded or cleared area that might erode and where a permanent,
long-lived plant cover is needed immediately. Examples of where sodding can be used are buffer
zones, stream banks, dikes, swales, slopes, outlets, level spreaders, and filter strips.
What to Consider
The soil surface should be fine-graded before laying down the sod Topsoil may be needed in areas
where the soil textures are inadequate (see topsoil discussion in section on Permanent Seeding and
Planting). Lime and fertilizers should be added to the soil to promote good growth conditions..
Sodding can be applied in alternating strips or other patterns, or alternate areas can be seeded to
reduce expense. Sod should not be planted during very hot or wet weather. Sod should not be
placed on slopes that are greater than 3:1 if they are to be mowed If placed on steep slopes, sod
should be laid with staggered joints and/or be pegged In areas such as steep slopes or next to
3-26
September 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
tinning waterways, chicken wire, jute, or other netting can be placed over the sod for extra
protection against lifting (see Mulching and Geotextiles). Roll or compact immediately after
installation to ensure firm contact with the underlying topsoil. Inspect the sod frequently after H is
irst installed, especially after large storm events, until it is established as permanent cover.
Remove and replace dead sod Watering may be necessary after planting and during penods of
intense heat and/or lack of ram (drought).
Advantages of Sod Stabilization
• Can provide immediate vegetative cover and erosion control
• Provides more stabilizing protection than initial seeding through dense cover formed by sod
• Produces lower weed growth than seeded vegetation
• Can be used for site activities within a shorter time than can seeded vegetation
• Can be placed at any time of the year as long as moisture conditions in the soil are
favorable
Disadvantages of Sod Stabilization
• Purchase and installation costs are higher than for seeding
• May require continued irrigation if the sod is placed during dry seasons or on sandy soils
3-?7
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Cfapttr 3—Sotfimont and Erosion Control
'Stream Bank Stabilization
What It »t
Stream bank stabilization is used to prevent stream bank erosion from high velocities and quantities
of storm water runoff. Typical methods include the following:
• Riprap-Large angular stones placed along the stream bank or lake
• Gabion-Rock-filled wire cages that are used to create a new stream bank
1
• Reinforced Concrete-Concrete bulkheads and retaining walls that replace natural stream
banks and create a nonerosive surface
• Log Cribbing-Retaining walls built of logs to anchor the soils against erosive forces. Usually
built on the outside of stream bends
• Grid Pavers-Precast or poured-in-place concrete units that are placed along stream banks to
stabilize the stream bank and create open spaces where vegetation can be established
• Asphalt-Asphalt paving that is placed along the natural stream bank to create a nonerosive
surface.
When and Where to Use It |
Stream bank stabilization is used where vegetative stabilization practices are not practical and
where the stream banks are subject to heavy erosion from increased flows or disturbance during
construction. Stabilization should occur before any land development in the watershed area.
Stabilization can also be retrofitted when erosion of a stream bank occurs.
What to Consider
1 !! i ' ' I1 i ' .
Stream bank stabilization structures should be planned and designed by a professional engineer
licensed in the State where the site is located Applicable Federal, State, and local requirements
should be followed, including Clean Water Act Section 404 regulations. An important design
feature of stream bank stabilization methods is the foundation of the structure; the potential for the
stream to erode the sides and bottom of the channel should be considered to make sure the
stabilization measure will be supported properly. Structures can be designed to protect and
improve natural wildlife habitats; for example, log structures and grid pavers can be designed to
keep vegetation Only pressure-treated wood should be used in log structures. Permanent
structures should be designed to handle expected flood conditions. A well-designed layer of stone
can be used in many ways and In many locations to control erosion and sedimentation. Riprap
protects soil from erosion and is often used on steep slopes built with fill materials that are subject
to harsh weather or seepage. Riprap can also be used for flow channel liners, inlet and outlet
protection at culverts, stream bank protection, and protection of shore lines subject to wave action.
It is used where water is turbulent and fast flowing and where soil may erode under the design
flow conditions. It is used to expose the water to air as well as to reduce water energy. Riprap
and gabion (wire mesh cages filled with rock) are usually placed over a filter blanket (i.e., a gravel
layer or filter cloth). Riprap is either a uniform size or graded (different sizes) and is usually applied
in an even layer throughout the stream Reinforced concrete structures may require positive
' ' ''' l
3-28 September 1992
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Chapter 3—Sodiment »nd Erosion Control
Grid Paver*
Grid Pavers
Galvanized Wire Mesh
Capping
Stone Fill
CroM
Floor Planking
(Bottom Only)
Gabions
Original
River Bed
Rock Fill
Existing Bantdme
finwmtad
Eroded River
Bed
Riprap
Log mug agnrat jbenk
•• much M possible
Side View
Log Cribbing
Gabion
FIGURE 3.8 EXAMPLES OF STREAM BANK STABILIZATION PRACTICES
(Modified from Commonwealth of Virginia. 1980, and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 1990)
1992
3-29
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Chapter 3—Sediment end Erosion Control
i t ii ," 11 ' ' > i
drainage behirtd the bulkhead or retaining wall to prevent erosion around the structure. Gabion and
grid pavers should be installed according to manufacturers' recommendations.
nil (
Stream bank stabilization structures should be inspected regularly and after each large storm event.
Structures should be maintained as installed. Structural damage should be repaired as soon «s
possible to prevent further damage or erosion to the stream bank.
Advantages of Stream Bank Stabilization
• Can provide control against erosive forces caused by the increase in storm water flows
created during land development
• Usually will not require as much maintenance as vegetative erosion controls
• May provide wildlife habitats
• Forms a dense, flexible, self-healing cover that will adapt well to uneven surfaces (riprap)
Disadvantages of Stream Bank Stabilization
• Does not provide the water quality or aesthetic benefits that vegetative practices could
• Should be designed by qualified professional engineers, which may increase project costs
• May be expensive (materials costs)
• May require additional permits for structure
• May alter stream dynamics which cause changes in the channel downstream
• May cause negative impacts to wildlife habitats
3-30 September 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Soil Retaining Measures
What Are They
Soil retaining measures refer to structures or vegetative stabilization practices used to hold the sol
firmly to its original place or to confine as much as possible within the site boundary. There are
many different methods for retaining soil; some are used to control erosion while others are used to
protect the safety of the workers (i.e., during excavations). Examples of soil retaining measures
include reinforced soil retaining systems, wind breaks, and stream bank protection using shrubs and
reeds.
Reinforced soil retaining measures refer to using structural measures to hold in place loose or
unstable soil. During excavation, for example, soil tiebacks and retaining walls are used to prevent
cave-ins and accidents But these same methods can be used to retain soils and prevent them
from moving While detailed discussion of soil retaining methods is beyond the scope of this
manual, several are briefly described
• Skeleton Sheeting—Skeleton sheeting, the least expensive soil bracing system, requires the -
soil to be cohesive d e., like clay). Construction grade lumber is used to brace the excavated
face of the slope
• Continuous Sheeting—Continuous sheeting involves using a material that covers the face of
the slope in a continuous manner Struts and boards are placed along the slope which
provide continuous support to the slope face The material used can be steel, concrete, or
wood
• Permanent Retaining Walls—Permanent construction walls may be necessary to provide
support to the slope well after the construction is complete. In this instance, concrete
masonry or wood (railroad tie) retaining walls can be constructed and left in place
When and Where to Use Them
Use reinforced soil retaining methods where Using other methods of soil retention (e.g., vegetation)
is not practical Some sites may have slopes or soils that do not lend themselves to ordinary
practices of soil retention In these instances, a reinforced soil retaining measure should be
considered.
What to Consider
As emphasized earlier, the use of reinforced soil retaining practices serve both safety and erosion
control purposes Since safety is the first concern, the design should be performed by qualified and
certified engineers. Such design normally involves understanding the nature of soil, location of the
ground water table, the expected loads, and other important design considerations
""• 7009 3.31
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
retaining walls need to retain
existing vegetative cover
railroad tie retaining wall
FIGURE 3.9 USE OF RETAINING WALLS
(Modification from Washington State, 1992)
Advantages of Soil Retaining Measures
* Provide safety to workers, and some types of reinforced retention can be left as
permanent structures
• Prevent erosion of soil difficult to stabilize using conventional methods
Disadvantages of Soil Retaining Measures
• Require the expertise of a professional engineer and may be expensive to design and
install
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Chapter 3—Ssdim»nt and Erosion Control
Dust Control
What Is h
Wind is capable of causing erosion, particularly in dry climates or during the dry season. Wind
rosion can occur wherever the surface soil is loose and dry, vegetation is sparse or absent, and
he wind is sufficiently strong. Wind erodes soils and transports the sediments offsite, where they
nay be washed into the receiving water by the next rainstorm. Therefore, various methods of dust
control may need to be employed to prevent dust from being carried away from the construction
site. There are many ways to accomplish this and some are described below:
• Vegetative Cover—For disturbed areas not subject to traffic, vegetation provides the most
practical method of dust control (see Temporary Seeding and Permanent Seeding and
Planting)
• Mulch (Including Gravel Mulch)—When properly applied, mulch offers a fast, effective means
of controlling dust (see Mulching)
• Spray-on Adhesive—Asphalt emulsions, latex emulsions, or resin in water can be sprayed
onto mineral soil to prevent their blowing away (see Chemical Stabilization).
• Calcium Chloride—Calcium chloride may be applied by mechanical spreader as loose, dry
granules or flakes at a rate that keeps the surface moist but not so nigh as to cause water
pollution or plant damage.
• Sprinkling—The site may be sprinkled until the surface is wet. Sprinkling is especially
effective for dust control on haul roads and other traffic routes
• Stone—Used to stabilize construction roads, can also be effective for dust control.
• Barriers—A board fence, wind fence, sediment fence, or similar barrier can control air
currents and blowing soil All of these fences are normally constructed of wood and they
prevent erosion by obstructing the wind near the ground and preventing the soil from blowing
offsite
Barriers can be part of long-term dust control strategy in and and semiand areas; however,
they are not a substitute for permanent stabilization. A wind barner generally protects soil
downward for a distance of 10 times the height of the barrier. Perennial grass and stands of
existing trees may also serve as wind barriers.
When and Where to Use It
The above measures for dust control should be used when open dry areas of soil are anticipated on
the site. Clearing and grading activities create the opportunity for large amounts of dust to be
blown, therefore, one or several dust control measures should be considered prior to clearing and
grading. One should also note that many of the water erosion control measures indirectly prevent
wind erosion
As the distance across bare soil increases, wind erosion becomes more and more severe In arid
and semiand regions where rainfall is insufficient to establish vegetative cover, mulching may be
t
September 1992 3-33
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
used to conserve moisture, prevent surface crusting, reduce runoff and erosion, and help establish
vegetation. It is a critical treatment on sites with erosive slopes.
What to Consider
The direction of the prevailing winds and careful planning of clearing activities are important
considerations. As a standard practice, any exposed area should be stabilized using vegetation to
prevent both wind and water erosion. If your site is located in an arid or semiarid area, you may
wish to contact the USDA Soil Conservation Service representative in your area or the appropriate
State/local government agency for additional information.
Advantages of Dust Control
• Reduces
movement
• Excessive
sprinkling
of
soil
may
to offsitei areas
Disadvantages of
result in non-storm
Dust Control
water discharges from the
site
"l i.,
I"
3-34
Seotember 1992
i iii i n' n I in i mi i
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Chapter 3—Sodiment and Erosion Control
3.2.2 Structural Erosion and Sediment Control Practices
Structural practices used in sediment and erosion control divert storm water flows away from
exposed areas, convey runoff, prevent sediments from moving offsite, and can also reduce the
erosive forces of runoff waters. The controls can either be used as permanent or temporary
measures. Practices discussed include the following.
• Earth Dike
s
• Drainage Swale
• Interceptor Dikes and Swales
• Temporary Stream Crossing
• Temporary Storm Drain Diversion
• Pipe Slope Drains
• Subsurface Drains
• Silt Fence
• Gravel or Stone Filter Berm
• Storm Drain Inlet Protection
• Sediment Trap
• Temporary Sediment Basin
• Outlet Protection
• Check Dams
« Surface Roughening
• Gradient Terraces.
September 1992 3-35
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
i EPA BASELINE GENERAl PERMfT REQUIREMENTS
»" */„*, J^';Y-^ Structural Practices ''*
•\" C^s 1*arts lV«O^,M2i,Ia)< and fl»1,
f •» ' j' Jw V *•
>* v ••• ' v •• •; • •:•,,
For common drainage locations that serve an area with 10 or more disturbed acres it one tim», *
temporary (or permanent) sedlmenfpasfn providfna 34fOO cubic' fwt of storage p^r twe drained*
or equivalent control measures; Shall be provided where attainable until final stabHizatkrt 0f th*.;;:4,
site, The 3,600 cubic feet of storage area per acre drained does not apply to flows from off*it*
areas and flows from onslte areas that are either undisturbed or have undergone final stabftzation
where such flows are diverted around the sediment t«sln, 1^ drainage io<»tions which tervt tO
or more disturbed acres at one time and where a temporary sediment l>a^n jsroykfing 3,000, '-f;- \ i.
cubic feet of storage pel acre drained, or aquivaient controls is not attahiabte, ttsdiment traps -; '"•-
should be used. At a minimum, silt fences or equivalent sediment controls are required for »H :.;-;:
stdeslope and downslope boundaries of,|he cofistt^ctiw area. ^ , ', ^$^..,,*'-> * " < ^»
n i
»n«»n«h*r 4OO9
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Earth Dike
I What Is It
An earth dike is a ridge or ridge and channel combination used to protect work areas from upslope
runoff and to divert sediment-laden water to appropriate traps or stable outlets. The dike consists
of compacted soil and stone, riprap, or vegetation to stabilize the channel.
GRADE LINE
STABILIZATION AS REQUIRED
EXCAVATE TO PROVIDE REQUIRED
FLOW WIDTH AT DESIGN FLOW
CUT OR FILL
SLOPE
CROSS SECTION
POSITIVE DRAINAGE
SUFFICIENT TO DRAIN
CUT OR FILL
SLOPE
PLAN VIEW
FIGURE 3.10 EARTH DIKE
fModified from Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991)
I When and Where to Use It
Earth dikes are used in construction areas to control erosion, sedimentation, or flood damage.
Earth dikes can be used in the following situations:
• Above disturbed existing slopes and above cut or fill slopes to prevent runoff over the slope
• Across unprotected slopes, as slope breaks, to reduce slope length
• Below slopes to divert excess runoff to stabilized outlets
• To divert sediment laden water to sediment traps
• At or near the perimeter of the construction area to keep sediment from leaving the site
3-37
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
* Above disturbed areas before stabilization to prevent erosion and maintain acceptable
working conditions
• Temporary diversions may also serve as sediment traps when the site has been
overexcavated on a flat grade or in conjunction with a sediment fence.
What to Consider
Despite an earth dike's simplicity, improper design can limit its effectiveness; therefore, the State
or local requirements should be consulted. Some general considerations include proper compaction
of the earth dike, appropriate location to divert the intercepted runoff, and properly designed ridge
height and thicknesses. Earth dikes should be constructed along a positive grade. There should be
no dips or low points in an earth dike where the storm water will collect (other than the discharge
point). Also, the intercepted runoff from disturbed areas should be diverted to a sediment-trapping
device. Runoff from undisturbed areas can be channeled to an existing swale or to a level
spreader. Stabilization for the dike and flow channel of the drainage swale should be accomplished
as soon as possible. Stabilization materials can include vegetation or stone/riprap.
" Advantages of an Earth Dike
• Can be constructed
construction site
from materials and equipment which are
typically already present on a
Disadvantages of an Earth Dike
• Frequent inspection
and maintenance required
II I1
I, , '«
i 1
3-38
September 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Drainage Swale
A drainage swale is a channel with a lining of vegetation, riprap, asphalt, concrete, or other
material. It is constructed by excavating a channel and applying the appropriate stabilization.
2 1 OR HATTER
SLOPES
EXISTING
WOUND
WIDTH
CROSS SECTION
FLOW
/
FLOW
FLOW
PLAN VIEW
FIGURE 3.11 TEMPORARY SWALE
(Modified from Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991)
When and Where to Use It
A drainage swale applies when runoff is to be conveyed without causing erosion. Drainage swales
can be used to convey runoff from the bottom or top of a slope. Drainage swales accomplish this
by intercepting and diverting the flow to a suitable outlet. For swales draining a disturbed area, the
outlet can be to a sediment trapping device prior to its release.
What to Consider
Since design flows, channel linings, and appropriate outlet devices will need to be considered,
consult your State's requirements on such erosion control measures prior to constructing a
drainage swale. General considerations include:
• Divert the intercepted runoff to an appropriate outlet
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Chtpttr 3—Sodiment and Erosion Control
< •
The swale should be lined using geotextiles, grass, sod, riprap, asphalt, or concrete. The
selection of the liner is dependent upon the volume and the velocity of the anticipated runoff.
I
The swale should have a positive grade. There should be no dips or low points in the swale
where storm water will collect.
Advantages of a Drainage Swale
• Excavation of swale can be easily performed with earth moving equipment
• Can transport large volumes of runoff
Disadvantages of a Drainage Swale
• Stabilization and design costs can make construction expensive
• Use is restricted to areas with relatively fiat slopes
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Interceptor Dikes and Swales
What Are They
Interceptor dikes (ridges of compacted soil) and swales (excavated depressions) are used to keep
upslope runoff from crossing areas where there is a high risk of erosion. They reduce the amount
and speed of flow and then guide it to a stabilized outfall (point of discharge) or sediment trapping
area (see sections on Sediment Traps and Temporary Sediment Basins). Interceptor dikes and
swales divert runoff using a combination of earth dike and vegetated swale. Runoff is channeled
away from locations where there is a high risk of erosion by placing a diversion dike or swale at the
top of a sloping disturbed area Dikes and swales also collect overland flow, changing it into
concentrated flows. Interceptor dikes and swales can be either temporary or permanent storm
water control structures.
TRAPEXOIDALJCROSS-SECTION
PARABOLIC CROSS-SECTION
FIGURE 3.12 TYPICAl INTERCEPTOR DIKES AND SWALES
(Modified from State of Maryland, 1983}
| When and Where to Use Them
Interceptor dikes and swales are generally built around the perimeter of a construction site before
any major soil disturbing activity takes place. Temporary dikes or swales may also be used to
protect existing buildings; areas, such as stockpiles; or other small areas that have not yet been
fully stabilized. When constructed along the upslope perimeter of a disturbed or high-risk area
(though not necessarily all the way around it), dikes or swales prevent runoff from uphill areas from
crossing the unprotected slope. Temporary dikes or swales constructed on the down slope side of
the disturbed or high-risk area will prevent runoff that contains sediment from leaving the site
before sediment is removed For short slopes, a dike or swale at the top of the slope reduces the
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
amount of runoff reaching the disturbed area. For longer slopes, several dikes or swales are placed
across the slope at intervals. This practice reduces the amount of runoff that accumulates on the
face of the slope and carries the runoff safely down the slope. In all cases, runoff is guided to a
sediment trapping area or a stabilized outfall before release.
What to Consider
Temporary dikes and swales are used in areas of overland flow; if they remain in place longer than
15 days, they should be stabilized. Runoff channeled by a dike or swale should be directed to an
adequate sediment trapping area or stabilized outfall Care should be taken to provide enough
slope for drainage but not too much slope to cause erosion due to high runoff flow speed.
Temporary interceptor dikes and swales may remain in place as long as 12 to 18 months (with
proper stabilization) or be rebuilt at the end of each day's activities. Dikes or swales should remain
in place until the area they were built to protect is permanently stabilized. Interceptor dikes and
swales can be permanent controls However, permanent controls, should be designed to handle
runoff after construction is complete; should be permanently stabilized; and should be inspected
and maintained on a regular basis. Temporary and permanent control measures should be
inspected once each week on a regular schedule and after every storm. Repairs necessary to the
dike and flow channel should be made promptly.
Advantages of Interceptor Dikes and Swales
• Are simple and effective for channelling runoff away from areas subject to
• Can handle flows from large drainage areas
• Are inexpensive because they use materials and equipment normally found
erosion
onsite
Disadvantages of Interceptor Dikes and Swales
• If constructed improperly, can cause erosion and sediment transport since
concentrated
• May cause problems to vegetation growth if water flow is too fast
• Require additional maintenance, inspections, and repairs
flows are
•3-/1? Seotember 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Eros/on Control
Temporary Stream Crossing
A temporary stream crossing is a bridge or culvert across a stream or watercourse for short-term
use by construction vehicles or heavy equipment Vehicles moving over unprotected stream banks
will damage the bank, thereby releasing sediments and degrading the stream bank. A stream
crossing provides a means for construction vehicles to cross streams or watercourses without
moving sediment to streams, damaging the streambed or channel, or causing flooding.
When and Where to Use It
A temporary stream crossing is used when heavy equipment should be moved from one side of a
stream channel to another, or where light-duty construction vehicles have to cross the stream
channel frequently for a short period of time. Temporary stream crossings should be constructed
only when it is necessary to cross a stream and a permanent crossing is not yet constructed.
• Bridges—Where available materials and designs are adequate to bear the expected loadings,
bridges are preferred as a temporary stream crossing
• Culverts—Culverts are the most common type of stream crossings and are relatively easy to
construct A pipe, which is to carry the flow, is laid into the channel and covered by gravel.
I What to Consider
When feasible, one should always attempt to minimize or eliminate the need to cross streams.
Temporary stream crossings are a direct source of pollution, therefore, every effort should be made
to use an alternate method (e g , longer detour), when feasible. When it becomes necessary to
cross a stream, a well planned approach will minimize the damage to the stream bank and reduce
erosion The design of temporary stream crossings requires knowledge of the design flows and
other information, therefore, a professional engineer and specific State and local requirements
should be consulted. State/local jurisdictions may require a separate permit for temporary stream
crossings, contact them directly to learn about their exact requirements.
The specific loads and the stream conditions will dictate what type of stream crossing to employ.
Bridges are the preferred method to cross a stream as they provide the least obstruction to flows
and fish migration
Seotember 1992 3-43
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", I1'!,"!'''!' 'ifi'if
—Sfefifrnanf and Erosion Control
^..r^.^s
SECURE
ANCHOR
POINT
FIGURE 3.13 TEMPORARY ACCESS BRIDGE
(Modified from Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991)
3-44
September 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Eros/on Control
AGGREGATE
FILL
r«»,i •.,;.« *»«ti?i *>USBT'x_>w ^t • «r 4 *+*--X
^ttSS'ter'Wttte, <<^52t: <..V.!*^
AGGREGATE
FILL
AGGREGATE
FILL.
FILTER CLOTH
HIGH FLOW
AREAS
AGGREGATE
FILL
HIGH FLOW
AREA
AGGREGATE
RLL
FILTER
CLOTH
HIGH FLOW
.AREAS
FILTER CLOTH
HIGH
aow
AGGREGATE
FILL
FILTER
CLOTH
FILTER
CLOTH
MULTIPLE PIPES
MULTIPLE PIPES
FIGURE 3.14 TEMPORARY ACCESS CULVERT
(Modified from Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991)
September 1992
3-45
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Advantages of a Temporary Stream Crossing
Bridges provide the least obstruction to flow and fish migration and the construction
material can be salvaged
Culverts are inexpensive and easily installed structures
Disadvantages of a Temporary Stream Crossing
Bridges are expensive to design and install
Culverts cause greater disturbances during installation and removal
3-46 September 1992'
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Temporary Storm Drain Diversion
What Is It
i temporary storm dram is a pipe which redirects an existing storm drain system or outfall channel
o discharge into a sediment trap or basin.
When and Where to Use It
Jse storm dram diversions to temporarily divert flow going to a permanent outfall. This diverted
low should be directed to a sediment-trapping device. A temporary storm drain diversion should
emam in place as long as the area draining to the storm sewer remains disturbed. Another method
s to delay completion of the permanent outfall and instead using temporary diversions to a
ediment trapping device before discharge Finally, a sediment trap or basin can be constructed
lelow a permanent storm dram outfall The basin would be designed to trap any sediment before
mat discharge. ..
What to Consider
Since the existing storm draining systems will be modified, careful consideration to piping
configuration and resulting impact of installing a temporary storm dram diversion should be given.
The temporary diversions will also need to be moved, once the construction has ceased and it is
necessary to restore the original storm drainage systems Therefore, appropriate restoration
measures such as flushing the storm dram prior to removal of the sediment trap or basin, stabilizing
the outfall, restoration of grade areas, etc should be taken And finally, the State or local
requirements should be consulted for detailed requirements.
Advantages of a Temporary Storm Drain Diversion
Requires little maintenance once installed
Disadvantages of a Temporary Storm Drain Diversion
Disturbs existing storm drainage patterns
»__.• 1—
-------
Ill Pi ill
Chtpttr 3—S*dfm9nt and Erosion Control
•" \-\< >s"^"<
Pipe Slops Drains
What Are They
Pipe slope drains reduce the risk of erosion by discharging runoff to stabilized areas. Made of
flexible or rigid pipe, they carry concentrated runoff from the top to the bottom of a slope that has
already been damaged by erosion or is at high risk for erosion. They are also used to drain
saturated slopes that have the potential for soil slides Pipe slope drains can be either temporary or
permanent depending on the method of installation and matenal used.
1(1 ! I ! ||l| I I 1)1
' ' ' 'Ilil' " ' ' ' ' '" '' ', „„! "huh
into *
* VJtffK
tnfflnf tf^j^r%$^
o\ -/.. .•• .• «" *.&Sa&d&*t*i
['^^9iS
FIGURE 3.15 FLEXIBLE PIPE SLOPE DRAIN
(Modified from State of Maryland, 1983)
When and Where to Use Them
Pipe slope drains are used whenever it is necessary to convey water down a slope without causing
erosion. They are especially effective before a slope has been stabilized or before permanent
drainage structures are ready for use. Pipe slope drains may be used with other devices, including
diversion dikes or swales, sediment traps, and level spreaders (used to spread out storm water
runoff uniformly over the surface of the ground). Temporary pipe slope drains, usually flexible
tubing or conduit, may be installed prior to the construction of permanent drainage structures.
Permanent slope drains may be placed on or beneath the ground surface; pipes, sectional
downdrains, paved chutes, or clay tiles may be used.
3-48
i i'i in
September 1992
i n P i i < i in l inn in ll 11 ill ill 11
I I, ' ,1 1 ,H In ' [Ill
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
>ave"d chutes may be covered with a surface of concrete or other impenetrable material.
Subsurface drains can be constructed of concrete, PVC, clay tile, corrugated metal, or other
Mrmanent material
What to Consider
The drain design should be able to handle the volume of flow. The inlets and outlets of a pipe
lope drain should be stabilized This means that a flared end section should be used at the
entrance of the pipe The soil around the pipe entrance should be fully compacted. The soil at the
discharge end of the pipe should be stabilized with riprap (a combination of large stones, cobbles,
and boulders). The riprap should be placed along the bottom of a swale which leads to a sediment
trapping structure or another stabilized area
Pipe slope drains should be inspected on a tegular schedule and after any major storm. Be sure
that the inlet from the pipe is properly installed to prevent bypassing the inlet and undercutting the
structure If necessary, install a headwall, uprap, or sandbags around the inlet. Check the outlet
point for erosion and check the pipe for breaks or clogs Install outlet protection if needed and
promptly clear breaks and clogs.
Advantages of Pipe Slope Drains
• Can reduce or eliminate erosion by transporting runoff down steep
saturated soils
— ^ --•<,
• Are easy to install and require little maintenance
slopes or by draining
Disadvantages of Pope Slope Drains
• Require that the area disturbed by the installation of the drain should be stabilized or it,
too, will be subject to erosion
• May clog during a large storm
1992
3-49
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Pi i II '(11) IIW i ill
Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Subsurface Drains
What Are They |
A subsurface drain is a perforated pipe or conduit placed beneath the surface of the ground at a
designed depth and grade. It is used to drain an area by lowering the water table. A high water
table can saturate soils and prevent the growth of certain types of vegetation. Saturated soils on
slopes will sometimes "slip" down the hill. Installing subsurface drains can help prevent these
problems.
Random Pattern
Outlet
Typical Subsurface Drain Patterns
. Water Table Before Drainage
' Water Table After Drainage
; Interceptor drain
Seepage Area
///
Impermeable Layer
Effect of Subsurface Drains on Water Table
FIGURE 3.16 SUBSURFACE DRAINS
(Modified from Commonwealth of Virginia, 1980)
3-50
September 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
When and Where to Use Them
There are two types of subsurface drains relief drains and interceptor drains. Relief drains are
used to dewater an area where the water table is high. They may be placed in a gridiron,
herringbone, or random pattern. Interceptor drains are used to remove water where sloping soils
are excessively wet or subject to slippage. They are usually placed as single pipes instead of in
patterns. Generally, subsurface drains are suitable only in areas where the soil is deep enough for
proper installation. They are not recommended where they pass under heavy vehicle crossings.
What to Consider
Drains should be placed so that tree roots will not interfere with drainage pipes. The dram design
should be adequate to handle the volume' of flow Areas disturbed by the installation of a drain
should be stabilized or they, too, will be subject to erosion. The soil layer must be deep enough to
allow proper installation.
Backfill immediately after the pipe is placed. Material used for backfill should be open granular soil
that is highly permeable The outlet should be stabilized and should direct sediment-laden storm
water runoff to a sediment trapping structure or another stabilized area.
Inspect subsurface drains on a regular schedule and check for evidence of pipe breaks or clogging
by sediment, debris, or tree roots. Remove blockage immediately, replace any broken sections, and
restabilize the surface If the blockage is from tree roots, it may be necessary to relocate the dram.
Check inlets and outlets for sediment or debris. Remove and dispose of these materials properly.
Advantages of Subsurface Drains
• Provide an effective method for stabilizing wet sloping soils
• Are an effective way to lower the water table
Disadvantages of Subsurface Drains
May be pierced and clogged by tree roots
Should not be installed under heavy vehicle crossings
Cost more than surface drains because of the expenses of excavation for installation
Keotember 1992
3-51
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", /I'i'U'i'1',! 1
i 'ill1 in I'll i(IPmi
Chtptor 3—S9dim9nt and Erosion Control
<>
Silt Fence
What Is It
'
A silt fence, also called a "filter fence," is a temporary measure for sedimentation control. It
usually consists of posts with filter fabric stretched across the posts and sometimes with a wire
support fence. The lower edge of the fence is vertically trenched and covered by backfill. A silt
fence is used in small drainage areas to detain sediment. These fences are most effective where
there is overland flow (runoff that flows over the surface of the ground as a thin, even layer) or in
minor swales or dramageways. They prevent sediment from entering receiving waters. Silt fences
are also used to catch wind blown sand and to create an anchor for sand dune creation. Aside
from the traditional wooden post and filter fabnc method, there are several variations of silt fence
installation including silt fence which can be purchased with pockets presewn to accept use of
steel fence posts.
Extension of fabnc and wire
into the trench
RGURE 3.17 SILT FENCE DETAILS
(Modified from State of North Carolina, 1988;
and State of Wisconsin. 1988)
When and Where to Use h
A silt fence should be installed prior to major soil disturbance in the drainage area. The fence
should be placed across the bottom of a slope along a line of uniform elevation (perpendicular to
the direction of flow). It can be used at the outer boundary of the work area. However, the fence
does not have to surround the work area completely. In addition, a silt fence is effective where
sheet and nil erosion may be a problem. Silt fences should not be constructed in streams 01
swales.
3-52
September 1992
l<" " , I", I, , 111 11111 "nl'l
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
What to Consider |
A silt fence is not appropriate for controlling runoff from a large area This type of fence can be
more effective than a straw bale barrier if properly installed and maintained. It may be used in
combination with other erosion and sediment practices
The effective life span for a sift fence depends upon the material of construction and maintenance.
The fence requires frequent inspection and prompt maintenance to maintain its effectiveness.
Inspect the fence after each rainfall. Check for areas where runoff eroded a channel beneath the
fence, or where the fence was caused to sag or collapse by runoff flowing over the top. Remove
and properly dispose of sediment when it is one-third to one-half the height of the fence or after
each storm.
Advantages of a SHt Fence
• Removes sediments and prevents downstream damage from
» Reduces the speed of runoff flow
• Minimal clearing and grubbing required for installation
• Inexpensive
sediment deposits
Disadvantages of a Silt Fence
• May result in failure from improper choice of pore size in the filter fabnc or improper
installation
• Should not be used in streams
• Is only appropriate for small drainage areas with overland flow
• Frequent inspection and maintenance is necessary to ensure effectiveness
3.53
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I III I) "ill, li Wil'i
Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
GraVel or Stone Filter Berm
> f
What Is It
A gravel or stone filter berm is a temporary ridge constructed of loose gravel, stone, or crushed
rock. It slows and filters flow, diverting it from an exposed traffic area Diversions constructed of
compacted soil may be used where there will be little or no construction traffic within the right-of
way. They are also used for directing runoff from the right-of-way to a stabilized outlet.
Coarse aggregate
FIGURE 3.18 TYPICAL GRAVEL FILTER BERM
(Modified from Commonwealth of Virginia, .1980}
When and Where to Use It |
This method is appropriate where roads and other nghts-of-way under construction should
accommodate vehicular traffic. Berms are meant for use in areas with gentle slopes. They may
also be used at traffic areas within the construction site.
What to Consider
Berm material should be well graded gravel or crushed rock. The spacing of the berms will depend
on the steepness of the slope: berms should be placed closer together as the slope increases. The
diversion should be inspected regularly after each rainfall, or if breached by construction or other
vehicles. All needed repairs should be performed immediately. Accumulated sediment should be
removed and properly disposed of and the filter material replaced, as necessary.
3-54
September 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Advantages of a Gravel or Stone Filter Berm
• Is a very efficient method of sediment control
• Reduces the speed of runoff flow
Disadvantages of a Gravel or Stone Filter Berm
• Is more expensive than methods that use onsite materials
• Has a very limited life span
• Can be difficult to maintain because of clogging from mud and soil on vehicle tires
3-55
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
Storm Drain inlet Protection
What Is It
Storm drain inlet protection is a filtering measure placed around any inlet or drain to trap sediment.
This mechanism prevents the sediment from entering inlet structures Additionally, it serves to
prevent the siltmg-in of inlets, storm drainage systems, or receiving channels. Inlet protection may
be composed of gravel and stone with a wire mesh filter, block and gravel, filter fabric, or sod.
Wow
•5" /VT- -^
&§&>&;
Flow
>-^4>» -
Excavated Gravel Inlet Protection
Sod inlet Protection
OroolnMt
/" witn Grait
^ V—Curt Inlet
"I / '- •""•"-=..—.J-=^
Hln Scram
Ritf Fabric.
Filter Fabric Inlet Protection
oek
Block and Gravel End Wall Silt Trap
FIGURE 3.19 EXAMPLES OF STORM DRAIN INLET PROTECTION
(Modified from State of North Carolina, 1988, Washington State. 1992; and County of Fairfax, 1987;
When and Where to Use It
This type of protection is appropriate for small drainage areas where storm dram inlets will be ready
for use before final stabilization Storm drain inlet protection is also used where a permanent storm
drain structure is being constructed onsite Straw bales are not recommended for this purpose.
Filter fabric is used for inlet protection when storm water flows are relatively small with low
velocities. This practice cannot be used where inlets are paved because the filter fabric should be
staked. Block and gravel filters can be used where velocities are higher. Gravel and mesh filters
i i1
i1
3-5B
September 1992
-------
Chaptaf 3—Sod/mont and Eros/on Control
cah be used where flows are higher and subject to disturbance by she traffic. Sod inlet filters are
generally used where sediments in the storm water runoff are low.
What to Consider
Storm dram inlet protection is not meant for use in drainage areas exceeding 1 acre or for large
concentrated storm water flows. Installation of this measure should take place before any soil
disturbance in the drainage area. The type of material used will depend on site conditions and the
size of the drainage area Inlet protection should be used in combination with other measures,
such as small impoundments or sediment traps, to provide more effective sediment removal, inlet
protection structures should be inspected regularly, especially after a rainstorm. Repairs and silt
removal should be performed as necessary. Storm drain inlet protection structures should be
removed only after the disturbed areas are completely stabilized
Advantages of Storm Drain Inlet Protection
• Prevents clogging of existing storm drainage systems and the siltation of receiving waters
• Reduces the amount of sediment leaving the site
Disadvantages of Storm Drain Inlet Protection
• May be difficult to, remove collected sediment
• May cause erosion elsewhere if clogging occurs
• Is practical only for low sediment, low volume flows (disturbed areas less than one acre)
<*rnttimb«r 1992 3-57
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Ctapter 3—S9diment and Erosion Control
Sediment Trap
What Is H
A sediment trap is formed by excavating a pond or by placing an earthen embankment across a low
area or drainage swale An outlet or spillway is constructed using large stones or aggregate to
slow the release of runoff. The trap retains the runoff long enough to allow most of the silt to
settle out.
CROSS SECTION
TOP OF EMBANKMENT
OR EXISTING GROUND
MAXIMUM
2 : 1 SLOPE
FILTER CLOTH
4' MINIMUM TOP
WIDTH
STONE
MAXIMUM 2 . 1
SLOPE
STORAGE HEIGHT
LIMIT <*N^.
APRON
EXCAVATE FOR STORAGE,
PROFILE
TRAP DISCHARGE
TO UNDISTURBED/
STABILIZED AREA
COMPACTED
EMBANKMENT
FLARE APRON
CHANNEL SIDE FORMED BY
COMPACTED EMBANKMENT
OR EXCAVATION INTO EX-
ISTING GROUND
PERSPECTIVE
RGURE 3.20 TYPICAL SEDIMENT TRAP
(Modified from State of Maryland, 1991)
3-58
, ' ,', " i
September 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment mntf Ems/On Control
When and Where to Use It
A temporary sediment trap may be used in conjunction with other temporary measures, such as
gravel construction entrances, vehicle wash areas, slope drains, diversion dikes and swales, or
diversion channels.
What to Consider
Sediment traps are suitable for small drainage areas, usually no more than 10 acres. The trap
should be large enough to allow the sediments to settle and should have a capacity to store the
collected sediment until it is removed. The volume of storage required depends upon the amount
and intensity of expected rainfall and on estimated quantities of sediment in the storm water
runoff. Check your Permit to see if it specifies a minimum storage volume for sediment traps.
The effective life of a sediment trap depends upon adequate maintenance. The trap should be
readily accessible for periodic maintenance and sediment removal. Traps should be inspected after
each rainfall and cleaned when no more than half the design volume has been filled with collected
sediment. The trap should remain in operation and be properly maintained until the site area is
permanently stabilized by vegetation and/or when permanent structures are in place.
Advantages O'F a Temporary Sediment Trap
• Protects downstream areas from clogging or damage due to sediment
• Is inexpensive and simple to install
deposits
• Can simplify the design process by trapping sediment at specific spots onsite
Disadvantages of a Temporary Sediment Trap
• Is suitable only for a limited area
• Is effective only if properly maintained
• Will not remove very fine silts and clays
September 1992 3-59
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Chtpttr 3—Sotf!m*nt and Erosion Control
Temporary Sediment Basin
What Is It
A temporary sediment basin is a settling pond with a controlled storm water release structure used
to collect and store sediment produced by construction activities. A sediment basin can be
constructed by excavation and/or by placing an earthen embankment across a low area or drainage
swals. Sediment basins can be designed to maintain a permanent pool or to drain completely dry.
The basin detains sediment-laden runoff from larger drainage areas long enough to allow most of
the sediment to settle out.
The pond has a riser and pipe outlet with a gravel outlet or spillway to slow the release of runoff
and provide some sediment filtration. By removing sediment, the basin helps prevent clogging of
offsite conveyance systems and sediment-loading of receiving waterways. In this way, the basin
helps prevent destruction of waterway habitats
Control Section
Emergency spillway
should not b«
constructed
over fill
nwtenal
Plan View
. Minimum Storage
Volume
Sediment
Storage and
Permanent Pool
Cross Section
FIGURE 3.21 TEMPORARY SEDIMENT BASIN
(Modified from Commonwealth of Virginia, 1980)
3-60
September 1992
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Chapter S—Sodlmtnt am/ Erosion Control
When and Where to Use It
\ temporary sediment basin should be installed before clearing and grading is undertaken. It should
lot be built on an embankment in an active stream. The creation of a dam in such a site may
esult in the destruction of aquatic habitats. Dam failure can also result in flooding. A temporary
ediment basin should be located only if there is sufficient space and appropnate topography. The
)asm should be made large enough to handle the maximum expected amount of site drainage.
:encing around the basin may be necessary for safety or vandalism reasons.
A temporary sediment basin used in combination with other control measures, such as seeding or
nulchmg, is especially effective for removing sediments.
What to Consider
Temporary sediment basins are usually designed for disturbed areas larger than 5 acres. The pond
should be large enough to hold runoff long enough for sediment to settle. Sufficient space should
be allowed for collected sediments Check the requirements of your permit to see if there is a
minimum storage requirement for sediment basins. The useful life of a temporary sediment basin IB
dependent upon adequate maintenance.
Sediment trapping efficiency is improved by providing the maximum surface area possible.
Because finer silts may not settle out completely,,additional erosion control measures should be
used to minimize release of fine silt. Runofl should enter the basin as far from the outlet as
possible to provide maximum retention time.
Sediment basins should be readily accessible for maintenance and sediment removal. They should
be inspected after each rainfall and be cleaned out when about half the volume has been filled with
sediment The sediment basin should remain in operation and be properly maintained until the site
area is permanently stabilized by vegetation and/or when permanent structures are in place. The
embankment forming the sedimentation pool should be well compacted and stabilized with
vegetation If the pond is located near a residential area, it is recommended for safety reasons that
a sign be posted and that the area be secured by a fence. A well built temporary sediment basin
that is large enough to handle the post construction runoff volume may later be converted to use
as a permanent storm water management structure.
The sediment basins outlet pipe and spill way should be designed by an engineer based upon an
analysis of the expected runoff flow rates from the site. Consult your state/local requirements to
determine the frequency of the storm for which the outlet must be designed.
-------
i nil | P 11" i ii'iiil I
Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
IPABASElJNEGEfJERALPEnMrrftEQUIREMEWrS
,>> <-,
For common drainage locations ttiat se'rye an area with 10 or more disturbed acres itt one time, *
^temporary {or permanent) sediment basin providNi 3,600 cubic feet of storage p(?'r.acre"
-------
Chapter 3—Sediment and Eros/on Control
Outlet Protection
What It It
Outlet protection reduces the speed of concentrated storm water flows and therefore it reduces
erosion or scouring at storm water outlets and paved channel sections. In addition, outlet
protection lowers the potential for downstream erosion. This type of protection can be achieved
through a variety of techniques, including stone or riprap, concrete aprons, paved sections and
settling basins installed below the storm drain outlet.
Pipt Qutkit to Plat Area—
No Wffll-ticfiwd Channel
Pipt Outlet to W«ll.d«f intd
Channel
FIGURE 3.22 TYPICAL DETAILS FOR ROCK OUTLET
PROTECTION
(Modified from State of North Carolina, 1988)
3-63
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
When and Where to Use It
Outlet protection should, be installed at all pipe, interceptor dike, swale, or channel section outlets
where the velocity of flow may cause erosion at the pipe outlet and in the receiving channel.
Outlet protection should also be used at outlets where the velocity of flow at the design capacity
may result in plunge pools (small permanent pools located at the inlet to or the outfall from BMP*).
Outlet protection should be installed early during construction activities, but may be added at any
time, as necessary.
What to Consider
The exit velocity of the runoff as it leaves the outlet protection structure should be reduced to
levels that minimize erosion. Outlet protection should be inspected on a regular schedule to look
for erosion and scouring. Repairs should be made promptly.
Advantages of Outlet Protection
• Provides, with riprap-line apron (the most common outlet protection), a relatively
method that can be installed easily on most sites
• Removes sediment in addition to reducing flow speed
• Can be used at most outlets where the flow speed is high
• Is an inexpensive but effective measure
• Requires less maintenance than many other measures
low cost
Disadvantages of Outlet Protection
• May be unsightly
• May cause problems in removing sediment (without removing and replacing the outlet
protection structure itself)
• May require frequent maintenance for rock outlets with high velocity flows
3-64 September 1992
, ,n i, MI In!, iiliiiii.jrt 'hi Lij;! Jill! '','(, luLA
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Chapter 3—Sadimant and Eros/on Control
Check Dams
What Are They
A check dam is a small, temporary or permanent dam constructed across a drainage ditch, swale,
>r channel to lower the speed of concentrated flows. Reduced runoff speed reduces erosion and
jullymo in the channel and allows sediments to settle out
LOG CHECK 0AM
Logs
I milwffn I
'-'J IM Mil ! f-
'M « i I I I \f'
"A,l I.' A>-
ROCK CHECK DAN
FIGURE 3.23 TYPICAL CHECK DAMS
(Modified from Commonwealth of Virginia. 1980)
When and Where to Use Them
A check dam should be installed in steeply sloped swales, or in swales where adequate vegetation
cannot be established A check dam may be built from logs, stone, or pea gravel-filled sandbags.
September 1992
3-65
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','! if „ ' "„ In,
Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
What to Consider
Check dams should be used only in small open channels which will not be overtopped by flow once
the dams are constructed. The dams should not be placed in streams (unless approved by
appropnate State authorities). The center section of the check dam should be lower than the
edges. Dams should be spaced so that the toe of the upstream dam is at the same elevation as the
top of the downstream dam.
I., i i ' ' ' " ', 'I!"1'1,!1,1! 0'1./l1,; ,,j,i i/,"'.,'' !', ',! '(,
After each significant rainfall, check dams should be inspected for sediment and debris
accumulation. Sediment should be removed when it reaches one half the original dam height.
Check for erosion at edges and repair promptly as required. After construction is complete, all
stone and riprap should be removed if vegetative erosion controls will be used as a permanent
erosion control measure. It will be important to know the expected erosion rates and runoff flow
rate for the swale in which this measure is to be installed. Contact the State/local storm water
program agency or a licensed engineer for assistance in designing this measure.
i i i tin i 11 i 'i i ' MI
I'm "i1 it i' i1 '' i' i in \ i i iii ,"ii,,'
Advantages of Check Dams
• Are inexpensive and easy to install
• May be used permanently if designed properly
• Allow a high proportion of sediment in the runoff to settle out
• Reduce velocity and may provide aeration of the water
• May be used where it is not possible to divert the flow or otherwise stabilize
the channel
Disadvantages of Check Dams
• May kill grass linings in channels if the water level remains high after it rains
significant sedimentation
• Reduce the hydraulic capacity of the channel
• May create turbulence which erodes the channel banks
or if there is
3-66 September 1992
lull' I ll'llll ill II III j i II ' I'l I h 111' (I ill I I II 111 I III (ill Illllll "ll I'll'll'llillll
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Chapter 3—Sediment mnd Erosion Control
Surface Roughening
Vhat l« It
jrface roughening is a temporary erosion control practice. The soil surface is roughened by the
eation of horizontal grooves, depressions, or steps that run parallel to the contour of tha land.
opes that Are not fine-graded and that are left in a roughened condition can also control erosion.
urface roughening reduces the speed of runoff, increases infiltration, and traps sediment. Surface
>ughening also helps establish vegetative cover by reducing runoff velocity and giving seed an
pportun'rty to take hold and grow.
Undisturbed Area
Undisturbed Vegetation
^ J1^ Tread groovn of
• *• "•** track perpendicular
to clop* direction
Heavy Equipment can IM used to
mechanically scarify stop**
Dtvercion
Dozer tread* create
grooves perpendicular
to alope direction
Unvagatativo slopi* should be temporarily
scarified to minimize runoff veiodties
FIGURE 3.24 SURFACE ROUGHENING
(Modified from Washington State, 1992)
September 1992
3-67
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M, ii,," '{1,11 / iih|!|i!i fin''!; 1,1 "i i j'f I;MI
Chapter 3—Sediment and Erosion Control
When and Where to Use It
111, i ' i i, I, i ' i ,i "iit'iii'i1 i i • i i' ,'"ii ' i
Surface roughening is appropriate for all slopes. To slow erosion, roughening should be done as
soon as possible after the vegetation has been removed from the slope Roughening can be used
with both seeding and planting and temporary mulching to stabilize an area. For steeper slopes and
slopes that will be left roughened for longer periods of time, a combination of surface roughening
and vegetation is appropriate. Surface roughening should be performed immediately after grading
activities have ceased (temporarily or permanently) in an area.
What to Consider
Different methods can be used to roughen the soil surface on slopes. They include stair-step
grading, grooving (using disks, spring harrows, or teeth on a front-end loader), and tracking (driving
a crawler tractor up and down a slope, leaving the cleat imprints parallel to the slope contour). The
selection of an appropriate method depends on the grade of the slope, mowing requirements after
vegetative coyer is established, whether the slope was formed by cutting or filling, and type of
equipment available.
Cut slopes with a gradient steeper than 3:1 but less than 2:1 should be stair-step graded 01 groove
cut. Stair-step grading works well with soils containing large amounts of small rock. Each step
catches material discarded from above and provides a level site where vegetation can grow. Stairs
should be wide enough to work with standard earth moving equipment Grooving can be done by
any implement that can be safely operated on the slope, including those described above. Grooves
should not be less than 3 inches deep nor more than 15 inches apart. Fill slopes with a gradient
steeper than 3:1 but less than 2:1 should be compacted every 9 inches of depth. The face of the
slope should consist of loose, uncompacted fill 4 to 6 inches deep that can be left rough or can be
grooved as described above, if necessary.
I ! I ' «i I" II I'll i id i, |i,|,|P
Any cut or filled slope that will be mowed should have a gradient less than 3:1. Such a slope can
be roughened with shallow grooves parallel to the slope contour by using normal tilling. Grooves
should be close together (less than 10 inches) and not less than 1 inch deep. Any gradient with a
slope greater than 2:1 should be stair-stepped.
It is important to avoid excessive compacting of the soil surface, especially when tracking, because
soil compaction inhibits vegetation growth and causes higher runoff speed. Therefore, it is best to
limit roughening with tracked machinery to sandy soils that do not compact easily and to avoid
tracking on clay soils. Surface roughened areas should be seeded as quickly as possible. Also,
regular inspections should be made of all surface roughened areas, especially after storms. If rills
(small watercourses that have steep sides and are usually only a few inches deep) appear, they
should be filled, graded again, and reseeded immediately. Proper dust control procedures should be
followed when surface roughening.
i ','iV ' * " '' ".""" ' "
1 ii t,',1 '', ,< i
rip 11 ,f - i i i
11 !i, i'i", lin i i i J ' ,' ' H ",,'ii1 '' "i"
3-68 September 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Eros/on Control
Advantages of Surface Roughening
• Provides a degree of instant erosion protection for bare soil while vegetative cover is being
established
• Is inexpensive and simple for short term erosion control
Disadvantages of Surface Roughening
• Is of limited effectiveness in anything more than a gentle rain
• Is only temporary, if roughening is washed away in a heavy storm, the surface will have to
be re-roughened and new seed laid
ntomFunr 1OO?
3-69
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Chapter 3—Sodiment and Erosion Control
Gradient Terraces
I What Are They
Gradient terraces are earth embankments or ndge-and-channels constructed along the face of a
slope at regular intervals. Gradient terraces are constructed at a positive grade. They reduce
erosion damage by capturing surface runoff and directing it to a stable outlet at a speed that
minimizes erosion.
SLOPE TO
ADEQUATE OUTLET
FIGURE 3.25 GRADIENT TERRACE
(Washington State, 1992)
When and Where to Use Them
Gradient terraces are usually limited to use on long, steep slopes with a water erosion problem, or
where it is anticipated that water erosion will be a problem Gradient terraces should not be
constructed on slopes with sandy or rocky soils They will be effective only where suitable runoff
outlets are or will be made available.
What to Consider
Gradient terraces should be designed and installed according to a plan determined by an
engineering survey and layout. It is important that gradient terraces are designed with adequate
outlets, such as a grassed waterway, vegetated area, or tile outlet. In all cases, the outlet should
direct the runoff from the terrace system to a point where the outflow will not cause erosion or
other damage. Vegetative cover should be used in the outlet where possible. The design elevation
of the water surface of the terrace should not be lower than the design elevation of the water
surface in the outlet at their junction, when both are operating at design flow. Terraces should be
inspected regularly at least once a year and after major storms. Proper vegetation/stabilization
practices should be followed while constructing these features.
3-70
September 1992
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Chapter 3—Sediment and Eros/on Contra/
* I
Advantages of Gradient Terraces
« Reduce runoff speed and increase the distance of overland runoff flow
• Hold moisture better than do smooth slopes and minimize sediment loading
runoff
of surface
Disadvantages of Gradient Terraces
• May significantly increase cut and fill costs and cause sloughing if excessive water
infiltrates the soil
• Are not practical for sandy, steep, or shallow soils
September 1992 3-71
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Cfaptor S—Sodimant and Erosion Control
3.3 SUMMARY
\
;
Erosion of disturbed soils on construction sites can be prevented in many cases. When it is
not possible to prevent the erosion, then the sediment can be trapped onsite This chapter
describes the measures used for erosion and sediment control and provides guidance for
selecting the most appropriate measure for a particular site. The descriptions of the
measures contained in this chapter are intended to provide general understanding of the
measures rather than detailed design information. Check with your State or local erosion
and sediment control agency to obtain a copy of their design standards or guidance. If your
State or local agency does not have design standards or guidance, then refer to the design
"Fact Sheets" contained in Appendix B of this manual.
! ; ' ,! ,viVM Jill'!'!:1! I ',:, -i i:, „;>'-'"•;, , ::",!
Erosion and sediment control measures are a critical component of a Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan and of a construction project. These measures should be designed and
constructed in the most effective manner.
3-72 - September 1992
!>' ' i i .' , ' '!,'!, II ',.
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CHAPTER
4
OTHER CONTROLS
Sections 3 and 4 of this manual discuss erosion, sediment, and storm water management controls
which are used to prevent or reduce pollution from construction sites, however, these are not the
only potential sources of pollution from construction activity. Chemicals and other materials used
and stored on a construction site, and construction activities themselves can become significant
sources of pollution This chapter will cover some of the control measures and practices used to
prevent contact between storm water and potential sources of contamination or pollution. It will
also help you to identify many potential sources including specific materials and chemicals, problem
areas, procedures, and general construction practices. The controls and practices are called Best
Management Practices (BMPs) and are an important part of site-specific controls in your Storm
Water Pollution Prevention Plan The BMPs in this chapter deal with prevention—that is, limiting
contact between storm water and a potential pollutant BMPs aimed at the removal of pollutants
are considered treatment type BMPs
This chapter also addresses how to control allowable non-storm water discharges on your site.
This chapter provides guidance as to what types of non-storm water discharges are allowable and
what measures should be taken to limit 01 Control pollution caused by these discharges
Q. Are there other controls that should be used on all construction
sites?
Typically, there are no specific BMPs that should be used on all construction sites. Only the
controls which best address site-specific conditions should be implemented to control or eliminate
contamination of storm water. There are four areas of control (nn addition to erosion and
sedimentation controls and storm water management) that should be addressed in each Storm
Water Pollution Prevention Plan. The controls that should be addressed include, minimization of
offsite vehicle tracking of sediments; disposal of building material wastes; compliance with
applicable State or local waste disposal, sanitary sewer, or septic system regulations; and
appropriate pollution prevention measures for allowable non-storm water components of discharge.
These controls along with additional contiols are discussed in the following sections.
Q. How will I know what other BMPs to consider?
Read the section(s) indicated if any of the areas or materials listed below apply to your site. Using
the list and the information sections in this chapter should help you to identify potential risks on
your site and select the appropriate BMPs.
September 1992 4-1
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Chaptw 4—Other Controls
Activity
Accidental Spills
Hazardous Products
Control of Allowable Non-Storm Water
Discharges
Concrete Trucks
Stabilized Construction Entrance
Construction Road Stabilization
Construction Wastes
Contaminated Soils
Dewatering
Fertilizers/Detergents
Hazardous Products
Material Management
Natural Geologic Drainage
Paints
Pesticides
Petroleum Products
Sandblasting Grits
Sanitary/Septic Disposal
Sump Pit
Section
4.6
4.2.2
4.7
4.2.4
4.3.2
4.3.1
4.2.1
4.2.3
47.1
4.5.3
4.5.5
4.5
4.54
42.2
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.2.5
4.4
4.7.2
Page No.
4-17
4-5
4-19
4-6
4-9
4-8
4-4
4-6
4-21
4-15
4-16
4-13
4-16
4-5
4-14
4-14
4-6
4-12
4-22
Q. What information should you include in your Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan regarding the controls you are planning for your site?
! '' ,'',', ii) "'i." !'' ' ' li'j1"' I'"1' ' ! i " !!' I!
The following basic information should be a part of your Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan:
Provide a narrative description of each practice
"i
• Show the location of each control measure on your site map (if possible)
• Describe the maintenance, inspection, repair, and recordkeeping procedures that will ensure
control measures remain effective and in working order dunng the construction activity
• Describe employee training necessary for the operation and maintenance of the practice or
control.
See Chapter 5 for additional information on maintenance, inspection, repair, and employee training
4-2
September 1992
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
4.1 GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
•. H
Good housekeeping is basically keeping n clean, orderly construction she. One of the first steps
towards preventing storm water contamination is improving housekeeping practices and using good
common sense. Good housekeeping practices reduce the possibility of accidental spills, improve the
response time if there is a spill, and reduce safety hazards as well.
Q. Are good housekeeping practices expensive?
No, good housekeeping practices are inexpensive, relatively easy to implement, and are often
effective in preventing storm water contamination
Q. What are some examples of good housekeeping practices?
Examples of good housekeeping on a construction site include
* Neat and orderly storage of any chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers, fuels, etc., that are being
stored at the site
• Regular garbage, rubbish, construction waste, and sanitary waste disposal
• Prompt cleanup of any spills that have occurred of liquid or dry materials
• Cleanup of sediments that have been tracked by vehicles or have been transported by wind
or storm water about the site or onto nearby roadways
September 1992 4-3
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
4.2 WASTE DISPOSAL
Proper management and disposal of building materials and other construction she wastes is an
Important part of pollution prevention. Construction she materials which were overlooked as potential
sources of storm water contamination in the past, should now be managed more carefully. This
section wHI help you identify the obvious and not so obvious sources on your she. These may be
materials, practices, or locations where there is potential risk of pollution. These materials include
surplus or refuse building materials as well as hazardous wastes. Practices include trash disposal,
recycling, material handling, and spill prevention and cleanup measures. Controls and practices should
meet the requirements of your permit and the Federal. State, and local requirements your site is subject
to.
J
This section discusses some of the waste materials encountered at construction sites and discusses
generally how these materials should be stored and handled so that their exposure to storm water is
minimized. However, this section does not provide specific detaBs on how to handle or dispose of
these materials. You should contact the appippriate waste management agency to find out more about
waste disposal regulations, or the appropriate occupational health and safety agency to find out about
material storage and handling.
4.2.1 Construction Wastes
' i
Construction projects tend to generate a great deal of solid waste material which is unique to this
activity. These wastes are sometimes called "construction wastes."
Construction wastes may include but are not limited to*
• Trees and shrubs removed during clearing and grubbing or other phases of construction
• Packaging materials (including wood, paper, plastic, etc.),
• Scrap or surplus building materials, e.g., scrap metals, rubber, plastic and glass pieces,
masonry products, and other solid waste materials
• Paints and paint thinners
• Materials resulting from the demolition of structures (rubble).
Q. What steps should be taken to ensure that construction waste is properly
disposed of?
The following steps will help ensure proper disposal of construction wastes:
• Select a designated waste collection area onsite
• Provide an adequate number of containers with lids or covers that can be placed over the
container prior to rainfall
• When possible, locate containers in a covered area.
• Arrange for waste collection before containers overflow
4-4 September 1992
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
• If a container does spill, provide cleanup immediately
. *
• Plan for additional containers and more frequent pickups during the demolition phase of
construction
• Make sure that construction waste is collected, removed, and disposed of only at authorized
disposal areas
• Check with your local solid waste management agency for specific guidance.
4.2.2 Hazardous Products
Many of the materials found at a construction site may be hazardous to the environment of to
personnel. It is always important to read the labels of the materoals or products you have onsite;
they may contain warning information that will help you to be aware of a potential problem. At a
minimum, you should consider any products in the categones listed below to be hazardous
products (also see Section 4.5 for Material Management):
• Paints
• Acids for cleaning masonry surfaces
• Cleaning solvents
• Chemicals additives used for soil stabilization (e.g., palliative such as calcium chloride)
• Concrete curing compounds and additives.
Q. What are some basic management practices you can use to minimize or
prevent impacts on storm water from hazardous products on construction
sites?
Most problem situations involving hazardous materials are the result of carelessness or not using
good common sense The practices listed here will help you to avoid problems associated with the
disposal of hazardous materials Section 4 5 contains further information on storing and handling
hazardous materials*
« Check with local waste management authorities to determine what the requirements are for
disposing of hazardous materials
• Use all of the product before disposing of the container.
• Do not remove the original product label from the container, it contains important
information.
• If you must dispose of surplus products, do not mix products together unless specifically
recommended by the manufacturer.
• The correct method of disposal of these products varies with the product used Follow the
manufacturer's recommended method, which is often found on the label
September 1992 4-5
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
4.2.3 Contaminated Soils
• V '
Contaminated soils are soils which have been exposed to and still contain hazardous substances.
Contaminated soils may be encountered onsite during earthmovmg activities or during the cleanup
of a spill or leak of a hazardous product Material storage areas may also have been contaminated
by undetected spills. The nature of the contaminants may or may not be known.
Q. Where can I get information on disposal options?
Your State or local solid waste regulatory agency should be contacted concerning information and
procedures necessary to treat or dispose of contaminated soils. Some landfills may accept
contaminated soil; however, laboratory tests may be required prior to a final decision. Private firms
can also be consulted concerning disposal options.
4.2.4 Concrete Trucks
Most construction projects include some sort of concrete work. Usually, concrete is mixed offsite
and delivered to the project by truck. The concrete is poured and there is a residual amount of
concrete remaining in the truck, or occasionally, excess concrete is delivered, or the concrete is
found to be unacceptable and is rejected by the construction inspector or foreman. The truck
should be cleaned and the residual concrete dumped before it "sets up" (hardens) in the truck.
Q. Are you allowing concrete trucks to washout or dump onsite?
Emptying or wash out of excess concrete may be allowed onsite. Excess concrete and wash water
should be disposed of in a manner that prevents contact between these materials and storm water
which will be discharged from the site. For example, dikes could be constructed around the area to
contain these materials until they harden, at which time they may be properly disposed of.
4.2.5 Sandblasting Grits
Sandblasting is a commonly used technique to remove paint, dirt, etc., from surfaces Sand is
sprayed on the surface to be cleaned. Sandblasting grits consist of both the spent sand and the
panicles of paint and dirt removed from the surface
Q. Why are sandblasting grits a problem?
Sandblasting grits are hazardous waste if they were used to clean bid structures where lead,
cadmium, or chrome based paints were used. They should not be washed into the storm or
sanitary sewer.
4-6 " September 1992
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
Q. What is the best way to dispose of sandblasting grits?
A licensed waste management or transport and disposal firm should be contacted to dispose of this
type of used grit.
September 1992 4-7
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111 ' " ' ' ' 11' 111 i "IB J7ii" ' !' ' , ' ' 'mil MSIiiA
Chapter 4—Othor Controls
b " I I " I ' ' I » I llU11!!! Illill ill II i
4.3 MINIMIZING OFFSITE VEHICLE TRACKING OF SEDIMENTS
Day-to-day she practices can have a major impact on storm water contamination because of their
potential for generating sediments. A common problem area is offshe vehicle tracking. Two practices
are commonly used for minimizing offshe vehicle tracking of sediments: stabilized construction
entrances and construction access road stabilization.
Q. What measures have you taken to prevent offslte vehicle tracking?
" i'.i i ' ' ' i,,",; ',|'| ' i' , "' . ',, j'j'i lit! iir*.. ",'",!'" !>!',;, ,' ' ; ,, ,„,,
Controlling offsite tracking of sediments may require attention at most times when there is vehicle
traffic at the construction site The measures listed here are effective if used properly.
• A stabilized construction entrance and construction road are very effective methods for
reducing offsite tracking of mud, dirt, and rocks
• Paved streets adjacent to the site should be swept to remove any excess mud, dirt, or rack
tracked from the site
1 ' ' /"'"i H1;,! >"' " ',, i
• Deliveries or other traffic should be scheduled at a time when you will have personnel
available to provide cleanup if it is required
n i 11 i i ii
4.3.1 Construction Road Stabilization
What Is It
i ' ' ' i" i ' i ii'lii'l'i' i," i ii. ' i hi'Hi
A stabilized construction road is a road built to provide a means for construction vehicles to move
around the site without causing significant erosion A stabilized construction road is designed to be
well drained so that water does not puddle or flood the road during wet weather. It typically will
have a swale along one or both sides of the road to collect and carry away runoff. Stabilized
construction roads should be have a layer of crushed stone or gravel which will cover and protect
the soil below from erosion.
When and Where to Use It
A stabilized construction road should be installed in a disturbed area where there will be a high
volume of construction traffic expected. A construction road should be stabilized at the beginning
of construction and maintained throughout construction. Construction parking areas should be
stabilized as well as the roads. A stabilized construction road should not be located in a cut or fill
area until after grading has been performed
What to Consider
Stabilized construction roads should be built to conform to the she grades; this will require a
minimum amount of cut and fill. They should also be designed so that the side slopes and road
grades are not excessively steep Construction roads should not be constructed in areas which are
wet, or on highly erodible soils.
4-8 September 1992
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
Advantages of Construction Road Stabilization
• Reduces the amount of erosion, dus>t, and tracking of soil off of the site
• Provides an effective way for vehicles to move around the construction site,
wet weather
even during
Disadvantages of Construction Road Stabilization
• Can be expensive
• May require maintenance to replace gravel or repair ruts
4.3.2 Stabilized Construction Entrance
What Is It
A stabilized construction entrance is a portion of the construction road which is constructed with
filter fabric and large stone The primary purpose of a stabilized construction entrance is to reduce
the amount of soil tracked off of the construction site by vehicles leaving the site. The rough
surface of the stone will shake and pull the soil off of the vehicles tires as it drives over the
entrance. The stone will also reduce erosion and rutting on the portion of the road where it is
installed by protecting the soil below. The filter fabric separates the stone from the soil below,
preventing the large stone from being ground into the soil The fabric also reduces the amount of
rutting caused by the vehicle tires by spreading the weight of the vehicles over a larger soil area
than just the tire width
When and Where to Use It
A stabilized construction entrance should be installed at every point where traffic leaves or enters a
disturbed area before construction begins on the site Typically, stabilized construction entrances
are installed at the locations where the construction traffic enters or leaves an existing paved road,
however, a stabilized construction entrance should not be installed over an existing pavement
{except for a slight overlap as shown in Figure 4.1) Where the construction will require a
permanent access road or driveway, it is recommended that a stabilized construction entrance be
installed in this location prior to the permanent pavement.
What to Consider
Stabilized construction entrances should be wide enough and long enough so that the largest
construction vehicle will fit in the entrance with room to spare. If a large amount of traffic is
expected at an entrance, then the stabilized construction entrance should be wide enough to fit
two vehicles across with room to spare
If the stabilized construction entrance has to cross a swale or stream, then a stream crossing
should be provided (see page 3-42)
September 1992 4-9
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Chapter 4—Other 'Controls
PROFILE
MOUNTABLT
DCRM WITH
DRAINAGE ft Pt
FUTTR FABRIC
I XISTING GROUND
EXISTING fAVrMENT
AGGREGATE
OVER LENGTH AND WIDTH OP
STRUCTURE
PLAN
LXISTING
PAVI Ml .NT
FIGURE 4.1 STABILIZED CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE .
(Modified from Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991)
, 'ii; , ' 'I, ji,1, 11 )1 I'D i '/I! i,1' ii"1 • '"i i i I'lK ! iii'i I til i",
Stone used for the construction entrance should be large enough so that it is does not get picked
up and tracked off of the site by the vehicle traffic. Sharp edged stone should not be used to avoid
puncturing tires.
If vehicles will be turning onto the paved road or drive from the stabilized construction entrance,
then an apron should be provided as shown above so that vehicles do not go off of the stabilized
construction entrance before they leave the site.
The temporary construction entrance may be provided with a vehicle wash rack which drains to a
temporary sediment trap or other sediment removing measure. This will allow vehicle tires to be
washed prior to leaving the site and ensure that wash water sediments are removed and can be
properly disposed of.
4-10
September 1992
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
Advantages of a Stabilized Construction Entrance
• Is an effective means for reducing the amount of soil tracked off of a construction site
• Can improve the appearance of the construction site from the public's point of view.
Disadvantages of » Stabilized Construction Entrance
• Only works if it is installed at every location where traffic leaves and enters the site
• Cannot always remove all of the soil tracked off of the disturbed areas by vehicles; when
soil is tracked onto a road, it should be cleaned up immediately
• Stone may have to be added to keep it effective
September 1992
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
4.4 SANITARY/SEPTIC DISPOSAL
Q. How should I manage sanitary or septic wastes on a construction site?
Almost all construction sites have sanitary facilities for onsite personnel. The most commonly
found facilities are portable facilities that store the sanitary wastes and should be emptied
periodically. Other facilities include temporary facilities that employ septic systems for treatment
and disposal of the sewage, or temporary facilities that discharge to a sanitary sewer system.
Sanitary or septic wastes that are generated onsite should be treated or disposed of in accordance
with State or local requirements. Depending upon the facilities that will be used onsite, this may
require one or more of the following*
• Domestic waste haulers should be contracted to regularly remove the sanitary and septic
wastes and to maintain the facilities in good working order. This will prevent overloading of
the system which could allow discharges to storm water runoff.
• Wastes should be treated to an appropriate level before discharging
1 i i ji i
I ',1' I', 111! !, 11 i ,| , i ,|
• Facilities should be properly hooked into the sanitary sewer system to prevent illicit
discharges.
Untreated, raw sewage or septage should never be discharged or buned onsite
; " | ' JJM <^' i ' i" | |
' ' "i i ' 'i il I I1' ll'lllllli1 III | "III " ,11 I, i1 j i I,1 " I "i li "li " hi"1 nil!)
Q. What do I need to do to ensure and demonstrate that I am complying with
State or local sanitary or septic system regulations?
To ensure that you are in compliance with State or local requirements for sanitary or septic wastes,
you should contact your local government and State regulatory agencies. Many States have
regulations concerning On Site Disposal Systems (OSDS) or discharges to sanitary sewers.
Localities often have ordinances which deal with the proper management of sanitary and septic
wastes. In addition, if sewage is being discharged to the sanitary sewer, the local Publicly Owned
Treatment Works (POTW) should be contacted because they may have certain requirements as
well. If wastes are being hauled off site, your State may have a licensing program for waste
haulers. If your State does have this, you should only contract with these licensed haulers. If your
State does not, a reputable hauler should be chosen.
Contacting the proper authorities prior to the development of your Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan will provide you with the enformation needed for demonstrating compliance with
the appropriate regulations.
ill,I 111 I'
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III "
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4-12 September 1992
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
4.5 MATERIAL MANAGEMENT
«• U
Material management is important because the best way to avoid a problem is to try to prevent it at
hs source. On a construction site the material storage area can become a major source of risk due to
possible mishandling of materials or accidental spills An inventory of the material storage area and
of the site should be made Special care should be taken to identify any materials that have the
potential to come in contact with storm water. This will help raise your awareness and to plan
effective controls.
There are a number of risks (other than contamination of storm water) to consider in the management
of materials on a construction site, including health and safety of employees, or contamination of
groundwater. This section; however, only addresses measures to minimize the risk of storm water
contamination. Contact your local regulatory agency to find out about measures to minimize other
risks.
Q. What types of materials should be considered when evaluating potential
risks?
The following are some of materials commonly found on a construction site The material
inventory list should include these for risk assessment.
• Pesticides
• Petroleum products '
i
• Fertilizers and detergents (nutrients)
• Construction chemicals
• Other pollutants
• Hazardous products (also see Hazardous Products Section 4.2.2).
Q. What information would be useful to consider when identifying risks onsite?
The types of information that should be considered and the questions you should ask yourself
when identifying risks include
• What types of materials are stored onsite?
i /•
• How long will the materials be stored before use?
• Are you storing more than is really needed?
• How are the materials stored and distributed?
• How can potential storm water contact be avoided?
September 1992 4-13
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Ml" 111 III IP I'll Hllllll1
1 III,'II I'l I llllllll'llll
Chapter 4—Other Controls
Q. What methods are helpful in reducing potential ri^ks?
Good housekeeping and material management practices for storage and use will help minimize
exposure risks. This chapter contains suggested storage and handling practices for your use. for
the various categories of risks Writing your spill prevention plan (Section 4.6) will also help you to
identify ways to cut down the risk of exposure of materials to storm water.
4.5.1 Pesticides
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Pesticides include insecticides, rodenticides, and herbicides which are often used on construction
. I i I
sites.
Q. What steps should be taken to reduce the risks in using this type of
material?
The steps that should be taken to reduce the risks of using pesticides include the following.
1 • ,:, v •' ^V ''!ii W ;;"" fii,,, ! ',: '.nii .,
• Handle the materials as infrequently as possible
• Observe all applicable Federal, State, and local regulations when using, handling, or disposing
of these materials (Process, Procedures, and Methods to Control Pollution Resulting from All
Construction Activity, U.S. EPA).
Q. What management practices could you use for these materials?
The management practices used to reduce the amounts of pesticides that could contact storm
water include the following.
• Store pesticides in a dry covered area ,
• Provide curbs or dikes to contain the pesticide if it should spill
• Have measures on site to contain and clean up spills of pesticides
'; ' ' if,' ','il
Strictly follow recommended application rates, recommended application methods, (i.e., only
apply the amounts necessary for the job).
4.5.2 Petroleum Products
Oil, gasoline, lubricants, and asphaltic substances such as paving materials are considered
petroleum products. These materials should be handled carefully to minimize their exposure to
I I i I I I ill ji i 111 111 |l|lk ' I I I
storm water.
' , !'i i11 '
4-14
', " I'," IK'
September 1992
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, ' V' i ; ii ii
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
Q. Where do petroleum products, usually occur onsite?
Petroleum products usually occur in two site areas
• Areas where road construction of some type is occurring
• Vehicle storage areas or areas of onsite fueling or equipment maintenance.
Q. What steps should be taken to reduce the risks in using this type of material?
These following practices will help to reduce the risks in using petroleum products*
• Have equipment to contain and clean up petroleum spills in fuel storage areas or on board
maintenance and fueling vehicles
• Where possible, store petroleum products and fuel vehicles in covered areas and construct
dikes to contain any spills
• Contain and clean up petroleum spills immediately
• Preventive maintenance for onsite equipment is one BMP to prevent leakage (e g , check for
and fix gas or oil leaks tn construction vehicles on a regular basis.)
• Proper application of asphaltic substances (see manufacturers' instructions) will also reduce
the risk of a spill
4.5.3 Fertilizers/Detergents
Nutrients such as phosphorous and nitrogen are found on construction sites in both fertilizers and
detergents Fertilizers are needed on construction sites to provide the nutrients for plant growth;
however, when excess quantities of fertilizers are used or when fertilizers are washed away by
storm water runoff, they may be a major source of pollution An excess of nutrients reaching a
body of water can cause an overgrowth of water plants which then use up the oxygen in the
water, creating an unfavorable environment Detergents can contribute to water pollution if wash
waters are released into the environment (see the discussion on non-storm water discharges).
Q. What steps can be taken to reduce the risks of nutrient pollution?
The steps that can be taken to reduce the risks of nutrient pollution include*
r
• Limit the application of fertilizers to the minimum area and the minimum recommended
amounts
• Reduce exposure of nutrients to stoim water runoff by working the fertilizer deep into the soil
(depth of 4 to 6 inches) (Process, Procedures, and Methods to Control Pollution Resulting
from All Construction Activity, U.S EPA), instead of letting it remain on the surface
• Apply fertilizer more frequently, but at lower application rates
September 1992 4-15
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
• Hydro seeding where lime and fertilizers are applied to the ground surface in one application
. should be limited where possible
• Limit the use of detergents onsite; wash water containing detergents should not be
discharged in the storm water system.
• Implement good erosion and sediment control to help reduce the amount of fertilizers that
can leave the site as well as sediments
• Apply fertilizer and use detergents only in the recommended manner and only in
recommended amounts.
4.5.4 Natural Geologic Drainage
<
Other pollutants include acid and alkaline solutions from exposed soil of rock units high in acid, and
alkaline forming natural elements.
Q. What steps should be taken to reduce the risks In using this type of material?
The control of these pollutants involves good site planning and pre-construction geological surveys.
Neutralizing acid or alkaline solutions often provides the best treatment.
1 ' ' ' i1 ' ' '
• Seal fractures in the bedrock with grout and bentonite, this method will often reduce the
amount of acid or alkaline seepage.
4.5.5 Hazardous Products
Q. What materials are in this category?
As discussed in Section 4.2.2, hazardous materials include (but are not limited to) paints, acids for
cleaning masonry surfaces, cleaning solvents, chemical additives used for soil stabilization, and
concrete curing compounds.
Q. What are some basic management practices you can use to minimize or
prevent impacts from hazardous products on construction sites?
Most problem situations involving hazardous matenals and other pollutants are the result of
carelessness or not using good common sense. The practices listed below will help to avoid
pollution of storm water by these matenals.
• Have equipment to contain and clean up spills of hazardous matenals in the areas where
these materials are stored or used.
n ii '
i i '
• Contain and clean up spills immediately after they occur.
• Keep materials in a dry covered area.
4-16 September 1992
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
4.6 SPILLS
f
* »
Spills are a source of storm water contamination, and construction site spills are no exception. Spills
can contaminate soil and water, waste materials, and result in potential health risks In addition to the
other measures and practices you have adopted, you should prepare to deal quickly and effectively
with accidental spills A spill control plan can help you to be prepared. This section discusses your
additional responsibilities if there is a reportable quantity spill.
Q. Do you have a spill control plan for your site?
Construction site supervisors should create and adopt a spill control plan which would include
measures to ,
• Stop the source of the spill
• Contain the spill
• Clean up the spill
• Dispose of materials contaminated by the spill
• Identify and train personnel responsible for spill prevention and control.
Q. Do you know what specific spill prevention methods and response to use?
The following measures would be appropriate for a spill prevention and response plan
• Store and handle materials to prevent spills
/
- Tightly seal containers
• Make sure all containers are clearly labeled.
• Stack containers neatly and securely.
• Reduce storm water contact if there is a spill.
- Have cleanup procedures clearly posted.
- Have cleanup materials readily available.
- Contain any liquid.
- Stop the source of the spill
- Cover spill with absorbent material such as kitty litter or sawdust.
• Dispose of contaminated materials according to manufacturer's instructions or according to
State or local requirements.
• Identify personnel responsible for responding to a spill of toxic or hazardous materials.
• Provide personnel spill response training
- Post names of spill response personnel
September 1992 4-17
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Chaptsr 4—Other Controls
• Keep the spill area well ventilated.
i I
i 4 ii ' ,' ' ' ' i 'I, , .
• If necessary, use a private firm that specializes in spill cleanup
Check the spill reporting requirements listed in your permit, typically any spill should be reported.
See Section 2.
4-18 September 1992
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
4.7 CONTROL OF ALLOWABLE NON-STORM WATER DISCHARGES
«. w
NPDES storm water permits for construction activities typically include a prohibition against non-storm
water discharges. Permits will state that all discharges covered by the permit must be composed
entirely of storm water. However, permits may list some non-storm water discharges that, when
combined with storm water discharges, may be authorized by the permit. These exemptions may be
allowed provided they are addressed in the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan for the site The
following is a list of non-storm water discharges which are typically permitted. However, check your
permit to determine what non-storm water discharges are allowable.
• Discharges from fire fighting activities
f
• Rre hydrant flushings
• Potable water sources (including waterlme flushings)
• Uncontaminated ground water (including dewatenng ground water infiltration)
• Foundation or footing drains where flows are not contaminated with process materials such
as solvents
• Springs, riparian habitats, and wetlands
• Irrigation water
Exterior building washdown
Pavement wash waters where spills or leaks of toxic or hazardous materials have not
occurred and where detergents are not used
Air conditioning condensate
Q. How do these allowable non-storm water discharges relate to discharges on
construction sites?
Common construction activity discharges that fall under the allowable non-storm water discharges
include the following*
• Waterlme flushings from the disinfection of newly installed potable water piping systems
• Irrigation water discharged during seeding and planting practices
• New construction exterior building washdown discharges
• Pavement wash waters from dust control and general housekeeping practices
• Foundation and footing drain discharges from subsurface drainage systems
• Uncontaminated ground waters from dewatermg of excavated areas
September 1992 4-19
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Ill I
Cfuptor 4—Othor Controls
111"'!, ill'i
Q. What .should be done with non-allowable non-stofm water discharges?
You have three choices for handling non-storm water discharges which are not allowed by your
permit:
1. Eliminate the source of the discharge.
2. Apply for a separate permit for the discharge.
3. Direct the discharge to a sanitary sewer system. Note: You should check first with the
operator of the sewer system to see if you are allowed to discharge the material in question
into the sanitary sewer.
Q. How should the allowable non-storm water discharges be addressed in the
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan?
|l . , .. r mil ' •• ^
The allowable non-storm water discharges should be identified in the Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan. For each of the discharges, practices or controls that will be used to prevent
pollution from these discharges should be described in detail.
Q. What types of controls or practices can be used to prevent pollution from
these discharges?
The following general practices should be considered.
i i i'i i i i •' -iin- MI • i in i i i
• All downslope site sedimentation and erosion controls should be in place prior to the
discharge
• Discharges with sediment loads should be discharged so that sediment pollution is minimized.
• These discharges include dewatering operation discharges, and discharges from sediment
traps and basins.
• Discharge should only be directed to areas that are stabilized to minimize erosion (e.g., buffer
zones, vegetated filter strips, inlet and outlet protection, level spreaders, etc.). Do not
discharge non-storm water flows onto disturbed areas
Q. What types of controls can be used for discharges that have sediments?
Discharges with sediment should be directed to pass through a sediment filtering device Sediment
filtering devices include sediment traps, basins, silt fences, vegetated filter strips, sump pits, or
sediment tanks.
4-20 September 1992
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Chapter 4—Other Controis
4.7.1 Dewatering
What Is It
Dewatering is the method used to remove and discharge excess water from a construction site.
The most common procedure used is to pump water out of areas where it does not otherwise drain
off, such as excavated areas, sediment basins, and sediment traps. Dewatering may also include
methods used to lower the ground water table to provide a stabilized area for construction.
When and Where to Use It
Dewatering may be used dunng construction to remove accumulated water and sediments from
sediment traps and basins to ensure their effectiveness throughout the entire project At the end
of the project, dewatenng of sediment traps and basins is appropriate prior to removing the last
sediment control measures Water remaining in excavated areas may be eliminated by dewatering
so that construction can proceed on schedule
What to Consider
Dewatering discharges usually have a very high sediment content; therefore, sediment control
should be provided before the discharge enters a receiving water.
Sediment traps and basins are often used to remove sediment from dewatering of excavation
areas
Filtering should also be provided when discharge results from dewatering a sediment trap or basin.
Methods to consider for this purpose are noted below in order of preference
• A sump pit—discussed in detail in Section 4.7.2
• A floating suction hose which allows clean water at the surface to be pumped out before the
hose sinks low enough to pick up sediment-laden water
• A standpipe attached to the base of the sediment basin riser with slits to control inflow and
wrapping of filter fabric to aid in filtering sediments
September 1992 4-21
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
'in I', ,i 'i i i|i>" ', 'mil I, ' ,1 'i' '".I'l'I'i'iiillliHiiiii!
Advantages of Dewatering
• Provides for the proper discharge of water from sediment traps and basins and excavation
areas onsite
• Use of efficient sediment removal methods (such as a sump pit, floating hose, or
standpipe) allows safe release of dewatenng discharges into a receiving water
Disadvantages of Dewatering
• The floating hose method requires careful monitoring since pumping should be stopped as
soon as sediments are encountered
• Even the initial discharge pumped in the floating hose method requires additional filtering
• A location should be found to dispose of sediments properly, meeting appropriate Federal,
State, and local regulations
4.7.2 Sump Pit
iii i IN i in I
A sump pit is a temporary hole or pit placed so that it can collect water from sediment traps and
basins, or excavations In the center of the pit is a standpipe with holes which is surrounded by
stone. Water that collects in the pit flows through the gravel into the standpipe and is pumped out
to a filtering device or, in some cases, directly to a receiving water. The sump pit discharge may
be pumped directly to a receiving water only if the standpipe has been properly wrapped in filter
fabric.
When and Where to Use It
A sump pit may be used to dewater a sediment trap or basin, or it may be used during construction
when water collects in an excavation.
11 ' I I',1 II" I li'l il"i' 'i ' ,1 'i > (
What to Consider
j i1 i ' i ' 11 i . | iiiii till P
The number of sump pits and their location will depend on the individual site and any State or local
requirements. >
The standpipe should have holes in it to allow water to flow in and should be extended at least a
foot over the top of the pit
i
If the sump pit is to discharge directly into a receiving water, then the standpipe should be
wrapped in filter fabric before the pit is backfilled with stone.
4-22 September 1992
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
CLEAN WATER
PISCHARGE
STANDPiPE WRAPPED
IN FlLfER CLOTH
SIDE SLOPE
(VARIES)
CORREGATED METAL
ORPVC PERFORATED
PIPE
2* AGGREGATE FILL
FIGURE 4.2 SUMP PIT
(Modified from Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991
• A
• If
sump pit
the
holes
may
be used
in the
for
standpipe
Advantages of a
dewatenng where
Disadvantages of
or filter fabric are
Sump Pit
space is limited,
a Sump Pit
too small, they
such as
in city areas
will clog
September 1992
4-23
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Chapter 4—Other Controls
inn MI in1 lib M Jill
4.8 SUMMARY
\
\
There are a number of other controls which should be considered in addition to erosion, sediment, and
storm water management while preparing a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan These controls
include measures which prevent potentially polluting construction materials from coming into contact
with storm water. Measures include good housekeeping and proper waste disposal, as well as controls
which prevent sediments from being tracked off site by construction vehicles, and proper control of
the non-storm water flows on the she. These other controls should not be overlooked. They are an
important part of pollution prevention at construction sites.
.,
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4-24 September 1992
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CHAPTER
5
MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION
This Chapter discusses the general maintenance and inspection for proper implementation of a
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. Maintenance and inspection of storm water pollution
control measures is as important to pollution prevention as selection and installation This section
is presented in a question and answer format. By answering these questions, you will gain an
understanding of how you can plan and perform inspection and maintenance on the pollution
prevention controls for your project. The following sections address four components which are
critical to a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan, inspection, maintenance, recordkeeping, and
training
Q: What areas of the construction site will you have to inspect and maintain?
You should inspect and maintain all the disturbed areas of your site, and the areas for material
storage. You should also inspect all of the erosion and sediment controls which you identified in
the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. These measures may include (but are not limited to)
any of the following
• Seeded areas (permanent or temporary)
• Mulched areas
• Areas stabilized with geotextiles
• Sod stabilized areas
• Silt fences
• Earth dikes
• Brush barriers
• Drainage swales
• Sediment traps
• Subsurface drains
• Pipe slope drains
• Level spreaders
September 1992 5-1
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Chapter S—Maintenance and Inspection
t lilMFIHilil ii fill
• Storm drain inlet protection measures
*'
• Rock outlet protection
• Reinforced soil retaining systems
• Gabions
• Sediment basins.
Q: How long will you have to continue to inspect and maintain these measures?
You should inspect and maintain the pollution prevention measures on your construction site as
long as a portion of the site remains disturbed Check the requirements of your permit for the
frequency at which inspection and maintenance is required
Q: At what point should you begin to consider inspection and maintenance
requirements? *
You should begin to consider maintenance requirements at the same time you choose BMPs You
will notice that some practices take a good deal more maintenance than others and you may wish
to be aware of this when you are deciding which measures to use
inn ' i i PI ii in i in1
Q; What does a maintenance and inspection plan include?
I " I ii I ii ' , I hi", HI i ' ' ;,,i i, i
Appendix C includes a sample maintenance and inspection plan A good maintenance and
inspection plan should do the following
• Identify all of the areas/measures that will be inspected and maintained
• Provide an inspection schedule for each area/measure
• List the typical maintenance procedures for each measure
1 i , i ' ' ' '!' ", ,1,'ii'li'ii1'"''"'!!'"'! ,, n ',« ,'1,'! ' j 1 ','1 ! Jilll'l'i,',
• Describe the procedure to follow if additional repair is required, e.g , who will be responsible
or who to call
• Provide forms and instructions for record keeping practices
i i ( ' i ' i i '"i" iii1 i i i ' j , 'i'"'
• List the names of personnel assigned lo each task
' i 11
• Indicate what training employees will need to be able to do the job.
"(In
5-2
September 1992
-------
Chapter S—Maintenance and Inspection
5.1 INSPECTION
•* , u*
Inspection is the process by which you can evaluate if the pollution prevention measures which have
already been installed or applied are still effective. In most cases, inspection of pollution prevention
measures requires that an inspector iook at all of the disturbed areas and sediment controls on the site
and make some measurements of sediment accumulation (depending upon the measures).
Q: How frequently should inspections take place?
Inspections of pollution prevention measures should be performed on a regular interval plus after
every significant rainfall Check your permit to determine the how frequently your site should be
inspected and what constitutes a significant rainfall. A regular inspection and maintenance
program can reduce the chance of polluting the storm water by finding and correcting problems
before the next rain.
Q: What should an inspector look for?
The inspector should look at each measure to determine if it is still effective. Appendix B contains
fact sheets with figures and specifications on many of the measures The inspector should consult
these fact sheets or the description included in the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan and
determine if the measures still meet the minimum requirements. For example, the fact sheet for a
silt fence shows the bottom of the fabric is placed in a trench and buried with soil or stone The
inspector could compare this detail with the silt fence installed on the site If the bottom of the
fabric is not buried as shown on the detail, the inspector should note this on the report form
The fact sheets also list the specific maintenance tasks which are often triggered by some
observation about the measure For example, the fact sheet for a silt fence states that
accumulated sediment should be removed from the silt fence when it reaches a height of one third
to One half the height of the fence Based upon this the inspector should measure the accumulated
sediment on the silt fence at each inspection
There are primarily three things an inspector should look for when inspecting a pollution prevention
measure They are- whether or not the measure was installed/performed correctly, whether or not
there has been damage to the measure since it was installed or performed, and finally what should
be done to correct any problems with the measure
Q: What should an inspector do with his/her observations?
An inspector should prepare a report documenting his/her findings (see Section 5.3). An inspector
should request the required maintenance or repair for the pollution prevention measures, and if the
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan should be changed to allow for unexpected conditions, then
the inspector should make the changes or notify the appropnate person to make the changes.
September 1992 5-3
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Chapter S—Maintenance and Inspection
5.2 MAINTENANCE
Maintenance of pollution prevention measures involves the upkeep and repair of the measures which
have been installed to reduce pollution of storm water. Maintenance is important because the control
measures you implement may be of little or no use if they have not been properly maintained. Good
maintenance helps to insure that these measures are in proper working order when they are really
needed under storm or spill conditions.
" '"' I" I n in I II I I I I ii I II n I i III II I il i h I i p i I ii
' ill" | ' 'I' Il, I If i li'iiill' I'i II ' i 111. Ill i ill 'fill''
EPA BASELINE GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Definition of Maintenance /',c* * , v
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Maintenance indudss those procedures used to maintain in good and effective operating
condition vegetation, erosion and sediment control measures, arid other protective measures
identified in the site plan. "" -{•; >""' -- 'v^
Q: When do you perform maintenance?
i i ii n, ii i j | n
Maintenance should be performed either on a interval specified in the pollution prevention plan or
when the inspection finds that it is necessary for the measure to be effective. For example, if an
inspector found that sediment had accumulated in a sediment trap to the depth of one half of its
storage depth the inspector should request that the accumulated sediment be removed from the
trap. Appropriate maintenance practices for erosion and sediment controls are discussed in the
Fact Sheets in Appendix B.
Q: What types of activities can be included in maintenance activities for
construction sites?
Maintenance activities for erosion and sediment controls are fairly basic. For example,
sedimentation structures require removal (and proper disposal) of accumulated sediments to ensure
effective trapping capacity This technique is also appropriate for temporary sediment traps,
sediment basins, and silt fences.
5.3 RECORDKEEPING
i " ' i ' "', ' M'li'K ''' 111, i, i,;;',:";',:"
It I* important to document the inspection of the pollution prevention measures. These records can
be used to request maintenance and repair and to prove that the inspection and maintenance were
performed. '
Q: What kinds of records should be kept for maintenance and inspection? |
i „ i i H! "' ! "'i" ' i I!"1'11'''
It is recommended that inspection and maintenance forms be prepared prior to the start of the
construction activity. The inspection forms should be specific to the construction project and the
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. The forms should list each of the measures to be inspected
on the site The form should include blanks for the inspector to fill in: his or her name, the date of
inspection, the condition of the measure/area inspected, maintenance or repair performed and any
i
5-4 September 1992
'i Mil 'in i '' I I i ! i i'HI Ul 11, HI I"' !
-------
Chapter S—Maintenance and Inspection
changes which should be made to the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan to control or eliminate
unforeseen pollution of storm water. (See Appendix C for a sample .format)
ff U •
The inspector could take a blank copy of the form and fill in the appropriate information as he/she
inspected the site This would reduce the time spent preparing the report and would make sure
that all the items requiring inspection are covered
5.4 TRAINING
The inspector of pollution prevention measures should understand what he/she is inspecting. Training
and experience are the best way to develop an understanding for pollution prevention measures.
Training inspection personnel will improve the chances for the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
to be effective.
Q: How should inspection personnel be trained?
Many States and organizations offer general training programs in sediment and erosion control
This sort of training will be helpful The inspector should also have detailed knowledge about the
site's Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan particularly the following portions*
• The location and type of control measures
• The construction requirements for the control measures
• Maintenance procedures for each of the control measures
• Spill prevention and cleanup measures
• Inspection and maintenance recordkeeping requirements
5.5 SUMMARY
This Chapter has addressed a crucial part of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. Without
inspection and maintenance of control measures, it is not likely that the measures will remain effective
for long periods of time Without proper training of inspection staff and recordkeeping, h is difficult
to determine what maintenance is required. Therefore, do not consider the pollution prevention plan
to be something you do only at the beginning and end of a project. You should instead think of h as
an ongoing process from start to completion.
September 1992 5-5
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CHAPTER
6
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT CONTROLS
A chapter describing the selection of storrn water management controls will be published by EPA
for insertion in this portion of the manual.
Consult your general permit to determine the measures necessary to fulfill the storm water
management control requirement.
September 1992 6-1
-------
Appendix A
APPENDIX A
STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN CHECKLISTS
-------
Appendix A
EPA BASELINE CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS PRE-
CONSTBUCTJON CHECKLIST
Storm Water Pollution Prevention flans
1. A site description, including1
D The nature of the activity?
D Intended sequence of major construction activities
O The total area of the site
D The area of the site that is expected to undergo excavation
D The runoff coefficient of the site after construction is complete
D Existing soil or storm water data
D A site map with
D Drainage patterns
D Approximate slopes after major grading
O Area of soil disturbance
D Outline of areas which won't be disturbed
O Location of major structural and non-structural controls
O Areas where stabilization practices are expected to occur
D Surface waters
O Storm water discharge locations
D The name of the receiving water(s)
2. A description of controls /
2.1 Erosion and sediment controls, including
O Stabilization practices for all areas disturbed by construction
O Structural practices for all drainage/discharge locations
2.2 Storm water management controls, including
D Measures used to control pollutants occurring in storm water discharges after
construction activities are complete. ,
D Velocity dissipation devices to provide nonerosive flow conditions from the
discharge point along the length of any outfall channel.
2.3 Other controls including
D Waste disposal practices which prevent discharge of solid materials to waters of
the U S '
D Measures to minimize offsite tracking of sediments by construction vehicles
D Measures to ensure compliance with State or local waste disposal, sanitary sewer,
or septic system regulations
2.4 O Description of the timing during the construction when measures will be
implemented
3. O Are State or local requirements incorporated into the plans?
4. D Are maintenance procedures foi control measures identified in the plan?
5 D Identification of allowable non-storm water discharges and pollution prevention
measures
6 O Contractor certification.
7 D Plan certification
September 1992 A-1
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Appendix A
EPA BASELINE CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT CHECKLIST
Storm Water Polftrtion Prevention Pton
Conttrtiction/fmplBmentation Checklist
1. Maintain Records of Construction Activities, including:
D Dates when major grading activities occur
D Dates when construction activities temporarily cease on a portion of the site
D Dates when construction activities permanently cease on a portion of the site
D Dates when stabilization measures are initiated on the site
2. Prepare Inspection reports summarizing:
D Name of inspector
D Qualifications of inspector
O Measures/areas inspected
D Observed conditions
D Changes necessary to the SWPPP
3. Report Releases of Reportable Quantities of Oil or Hazardous MateriaJs (if they occur):
D Notify National Response Center 800/424-8802 immediately
D Notify permitting authority in writing within 14 days
D Modify the pollution prevention plan to include:
- the date of release
• circumstances leading to the release
• steps taken to prevent reoccurrence of the release
4. Modify Pollution Prevention Plan as necessary to:
D Comply with minimum permit requirements when notified by EPA that the plan does
not comply
D Address a change in design, construction operation or maintenance which has an
effect on the potential for discharge of pollutants
D Prevent reoccurrence of reportable quantity releases of a hazardous material or oil
I i i, I
EPA BASELINE CONSTRUCTION' GENERAL PJERMIT CHECKLIST :
-------
Appendix A
POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN FOR STORM WATER DISCHARGE ASSOCIATED WITH
* CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL SELECTION CHECKLIST
INSTRUCTIONS. THIS CHECKLIST LISTS THE MINIMUM SEDIMENT EROSION CONTROL REQUIREMENTS UNDER
THE USEPA GENERAL PERMIT. CHECK I/I EACH ITEM AND FILL IN THE BLANKS BELOW TO EVALUATE
COMPLIANCE FOR EACH DRAINAGE AREA AND LOCATION. NOTE: THIS CHECKLIST WAS PREPARED FOR THE
USEPA GENERAL PERMIT. REQUIREMENTS FOR STATE GENERAL PERMITS MAY VARY.
Stabilization Practices
D Stabilization will be initiated on all disturbed areas where construction activity will not
occur for a period of more than 21 calendar days by the 14th day after construction
activity has permanently or temporarily ceased.
Stabilization measures to be used include:
Q Temporary Seeding D Sod Stabilization
D Permanent Seeding D Geotextiles
n Mulchma n Other
Structural Practices
Flows from upstream areas will be diverted from exposed soils. Measures to be used
include
D Earth Dike D
Q Drainage Swale D
Q Interceptor Dike and Swale
Pipe Slope Dram
Other
Drainage locations serving less than 10
disturbed acres
Drainage locations serving 10 or more
disturbed acres
D
Sediment controls will be installed
Sediment controls include
Q
Sediment Basin
Sediment Trap
Silt Fence or equivalent
controls along all sideslope
and downslope boundaries
D A Sediment Basin will be installed
D A Sediment Basin is not attainable on
the site, therefore, the following
sediment controls will be installed
Sediment Trap
Silt Fence or equivalent
controls along the sideslope
and downslope boundaries
X
3,600
Sediment Basin Runoff Storage Calculation
, acres area draining to the sediment basin
cubic feet of storage/acre
cubic feet of storage required for the basin.
September 1992
A-3
-------
Appendix B
APPENDIX B
BMP FACT SHEETS
-------
SILT FENCE
September 1992
6eslgn Criteria"
A Silt fences are appropriate at the following general locations
A Immediately upstream of the point(s) of runoff discharge from a site before flow becomes
concentrated (maximum design flow rate should not exceed 0.5 cubic feet per second).
A Below disturbed areas where runoff may occur in the form of overland flow.
A Ponding should not be allowed behind silt fences since they will collapse under high pressure; the
design should provide sufficient outlets to prevent overtopping.
A The drainage area should not exceed 0.25 acre per 100 feet of fence length.
A For slopes between 50:1 and 5-1, the maximum allowable upstream flow path length to the fence
is 100 feet, for slopes of 2:1 and steeper, the maximum is 20 feet
A The maximum upslope grade perpendicular to the fence line should not exceed 1:1,
A Synthetic silt fences should be designed for 6 months of service, burlap is only acceptable for
periods of up to 60 days
A Synthetic filter fabric should be a pervious sheet of polypropylene, nylon, polyester, or polyethylene
yarn conforming to the requirements in Table 1 below
TABLE 1. SYNTHETIC FILTER FABRIC REQUIREMENTS
Physical Property
Filtering Efficiency
Tensile Strength at 20%
(maximum) Elongation
Slurry Flow Rate
'--' Requirements "•
75% - 85% (minimum)
Standard Strength • 30 Ib/Imear inch (minimum)
Extra Strength - 50 Ib/Imear inch (minimum)
0 3 0al/ft2/min (minimum)
Synthetic filter fabric should contain ultraviolet ray inhibitors and stabilizers to provide a minimum
of 6 months of expected usable construction life at a temperature range of 0 to 120°F.
Burlap of 10 ounces per square yard of fabric can also be used.
The filter fabric should be purchased in a continuous roll to avoid joints
While not required, wire fencing may be used as a backing to reinforce standard strength filter
fabric The wire fence (14 gauge minimum) should be at 22-48 inches wide and should have a
maximum mesh spacing of 6 inches
Posts should be 2-4 feet long and should be composed of either 2" x 2-4" pine (or equivalent) or
1.00 to 1.33 Ib/Imear ft steel. Steel posts should have projections for fastening wire and fabric to
them
Construction Specifications
A The maximum height of the filter fence should range between 18 and 36 inches above the ground
surface (depending on the amount of upslope ponding expected)
B-1
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SILT FENCE
A Posts should be spaced 8 to 10 feet apart when a wire mesh support fence is used and no more
than 6 feet apart when extra strength filter fabric (without a wire fence) is used. The posts should
extend 12 to 30 inches into the ground.
A A trench should be excavated 4 to 8 inches wide and 4 to 12 inches deep along the upslope side
of the line-of posts.
A If standard strength filter fabric is to be used, the optional wire mesh support fence may be fastened
to the upslope side of the posts using 1 inch heavy duty wire staples, tie wires, or hog rings.
Extend the wire mesh support to the bottom of the trench. The filter fabric should then be stapled
or wired to the fence, and 8 to 20 inches of the fabric should extend into the trench (Figure 1).
A Extra strength filter fabric does not require a wire mesh support fence. Staple .or wire the filter
fabric directly to the posts and extend 8 to 20 inches of the fabric into the trench (Figure 1).
A Where joints in the fabric are required, the filter cloth should be spliced together only at a support
post, with a minimum 6-inch overlap, and securely sealed.
A Do not attach filter fabric to trees.
A Backfill the trench with compacted soil or 0 75 inch minimum diameter gravel placed over the filter
fabric.
Maintenance
Inspect filter fences daily during periods of prolonged rainfall, immediately after each rainfall event,
and weekly during periods of no rainfall Make any required repairs immediately
Sediment must be removed when it reaches one-third to one-half the height of the filter fence Take
care to avoid damaging the fence during cleanout
Filter fences should not be removed until the upslope area has been permanently stabilized. Any
sediment deposits remaining in place after the filter fence has been removed should be dressed to
conform with the existing grade, prepared, and seeded.
A Silt fence installation costs approximately $6.00 per linear foot.
A Commonwealth of Virginia - County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For Erosion And Sediment
Control - Fairfax County, Virginia.
A State of North Carolina, 1988. Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
A Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991. 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soil Erosion And Sediment Control - Draft
B-2
d Ilili 1 HI I (1 gi1 II 'IN III hi'nil I il II ihi III I llilii|llillli|llllii|iii|iillllll|iil|ii|i||l
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PIIPE SLOPE DRAIN
September 1992
Design Criteriak
A Pipe Slope Drains (PSD) are appropriate in the following general locations:
A On cut or fill slopes before permanent storm water drainage structures have been installed
A Where earth dikes or other diversion measures have been used to concentrate flows.
A On any slope where concentrated runoff crossing the face of the slope may cause gullies,
channel erosion, or saturation of 'slide-prone soils
A As an outlet for a natural dramagaway.
A The drainage area may be up to 10 acres; however, many jurisdictions consider 5 acres the
recommended maximum.
A The PSD design should handle the peak runoff for the 10-year storm. Typical relationships between
area and pipe diameter are shown in Table 2 below
TABLE 2. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AREA AND PIPE DIAMETER
Maximum Drainage Area
(Acres) "
05
t
075
1.0
Pipe Diameter ID}
(Inches}
12
15
18
Pipe may be heavy duty flexible tubing designed for this purpose, e g., nonperforated, corrugated
plastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe, bituminous fiber pipe, or specially designed flexible tubing.
A standard flared end section secui ed with a watertight fitting should be use for the inlet. A
standard T-section fitting may also be used.
Extension collars should be 12-inch long sections of corrugated pipe All fittings must be
watertight.
Construction Specifications
Place the pipe siope drain on undisturbed or well-compacted soil.
Soil around and under the entrance section must be hand-tamped in 4-inch to 8-inch lifts to the top
of the dike to prevent piping failure uround the inlet
Place filter cloth under the inlet and extend 5 feet in front of the inlet and be keyed in 6-inches on
all sides to prevent erosion. A 6-inch metal toe plate may also be used for this purpose.
Ensure firm contact between the pipe and the soil at all points by backfilling around and under the
pipe with stable soil material hand compacted in lifts of 4-inches to 8-inches.
Securely stake the PSD to the slope using grommets provided for this purpose at intervals of 10 feet
or less.
Ensure that all slope drain sections are securely fastened together and have watertight fittings.
B-3
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"I'li'i i1.111 " i1 III "1111 "II! 'Hi 11
1 'I '' ll ill 'In ill "Nil i III I 111 i "i|ill II
PIPE SLOPE DRAIN
Extend the pipe beyond the toe of the slope and discharge at tf nonerosive velocity into a stabilized
area (e.g., rock outlet protection may be used) or to a sedimentation trap or pond.
The PSD should have a minimum slope of 3 percent or steeper.
The height at the centerline of the earth dike should range from a minimum of 1.0 foot over the pipe
to twice the diameter of the pipe measured from the invert of the pipe It should also be at least
6 inches higher than the adjoining ridge on either side.
At no point along the dike will the elevation of the top of the dike be less than 6 inches higher than
the top of the pipe
Immediately stabilize all areas disturbed by installation or removal of the PSD.
Maintenance
Inspect regularly and after every storm. Make any necessary repairs.
Check to see that water is not bypassing the inlet and undercutting the inlet or pipe. If necessary,
install headwall or sandbags.
Check for erosion at the outlet point and check the pipe for breaks or clogs Install additional outlet
protection if needed and immediately repair the breaks and clean any clogs.
Do not allow construction traffic to cross the PSD and do not place any material on it.
If a sediment trap has been provided, clean it out when the sediment level reaches 1/3 to 1/2 the
design volume.
The PSD should remain in place until the slope has been completely stabilized or up to 30 days after
permanent slope stabilization
Pipe slope drain costs are generally based upon the pipe type and size (generally, flexible PVC at
45.00 per linear foot). Also adding to this cost are any expenses associated with inlet and outlet
structures.
Commonwealth of Virginia - County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For Erosion And Sediment
Control - Fairfax County, Virginia.
State of North Carolina, 1988. Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991. 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soil Erosion And Sediment Control - Draft.
Storm Water Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin. State of Washington, Department
of Ecology, 1991.
Cost Data:
A Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, April 20,1990. Prepared
by Kamber Engineering for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits, Washington, D.C. 20460
B-4
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STABILIZED CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE
September 1992
Design Criteria
A A Stabilized Construction Entrance (SCE) is appropriate In the following locations*
A Wherever vehicles are leaving a construction site and enter onto a public road
A At any unpaved entrance/exit location where there is risk of transporting mud or sediment onto
paved roads.
A The width should be at least 10 feet to 12 feet or the as wide as the entire width of the access.
At sites where traffic volume is high the entrance should be wide enough for two vehicles to pass
safely.
A The length should be between 50 to 75 feet in length.
A Flare the entrance where it meets the existing road to provide a turning radius.
A Runoff from a stabilized construction entrance should dram to a sediment trap or sediment basin.
A Pipe placed under the entrance to handle runoff should be protected with a mountable berm.
A Dust control should be provided in accordance with Section 3.2.1.
Materials
A Crushed stone 2-inches-4-inches in diameter
A Geotextile (filter fabric) with the properties listed in Table 3 below.
TABLE 3. GEOTEXTILE REQUIREMENTS
s „ y X:
Physical Property
Grab Tensile Strength
Elongation Failure
Mullen Burst Strength
Puncture Strength
Equivalent Opening
Requirements
220 Ibs
(ASTM D1682)
60%
(ASTM 01 682)
430 Ibs.
{ASTM D3768)
125 Ibs.
(ASTMD751)
(modified)
Size 40-80
(US std Steve)
(CW-02215)
Construction Specifications
A Clear all vegetation, roots and all other obstructions in preparation for grading.
A Prior to placing geotextile (filter fabric) make sure that the entrance is properly graded and
compacted
B-5
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STABILIZED CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE
A To reduce maintenance and loss of aggregate place geotextile fabric (fitter cloth) over the existing
ground before placing the stone for the entrance.
A Stone should be placed to a depth of 6-inches or greater for the entire width and length of the SCE.
Maintenance
A Inspect the measure on a regular basis and after there has been a high volume of traffic or storm
event.
A Apply additional stone periodically and when repair is required.
A Immediately remove sediments or any other materials tracked onto the public roadway.
A Ensure that associated sediment control measures are in good working condition.
Cost
Stabilized construction entrances cost ranges from $1,500 to $5,000 to install
A Commonwealth of Virginia - County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For Erosion And Sediment
Control - Fairfax County, Virginia.
A State of North Carolina, 1988. Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
A Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991. 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soil Erosion And Sediment Control - Draft.
A Storm Water Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin State of Washington, Department
of Ecology, 1991.
A Cost Data*
A Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, April 20,1990. Prepared
by Kamber Engineering for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits, Washington, D.C. 2O460.
B-6
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FILTER FABRIC INLET PROTECTION
September 1992
Design Criteria
A Inlet protection is appropriate in the following locations
A In small drainage areas (less than 1 acre) where the storm drain inlet is functional before the
drainage area has been permanently stabilized
A Where there is danger of sediment silting in an inlet which is in place prior to permanent
stabilization
A Filter fabric inlet protection is appropriate for most types of inlets where the drainage area is one
acre or less
A The drainage area should be fairly flat with slopes of 5% or less and the area immediately
surrounding the inlet should not exceed a slope of 1 %.
A Overland flow to the inlet should be no greater than 0.5 cfs
A This type of inlet protection is not appropriate for use in paved areas because the filter fabric
requires staking
A To avoid failure caused by pressure against the fabric when overtopping occurs, It is recommended
that the height of the filter fabric be limited to 1.5 feet above the crest of the drop inlet
A It is recommended that a sediment trapping sump of 1 to 2 feet in depth with side slopes of 2:1 be
provided.
A Filter fabric (see the fabric specifications for silt fence).
A Wooden stakes 2" x 2" or 2"x 4" with a minimum length of 3 feet
A Heavy-duty wire staples at least % Inch in length.
A Washed gravel % inches in diameter
Construction Specifications
Place a stake at each corner of the inlet and around the edges at no more than 3 feet apart. Stakes
should be driven into the ground 18 inches or at a minimum 8 inches.
For stability a framework of wood strips should be installed around the stakes at the crest of the
overflow area 1.5 feet above the crest of the drop inlet
Excavate a trench of 8 inches to 12 inches in depth around the outside perimeter of the stakes If
a sediment trapping sump is being provided then the excavation may be as deep as 2 feet.
Staple the filter fabric to the wooden stakes with heavy-duty staples, overlapping the joints to the
next stake Ensure that between 12' inches to 32 inches of filter fabric extends at the bottom so
it can be formed into the trench.
Place the bottom of the fabric in the trench and backfill the trench all the way around using washed
gravel to a minimum depth of 4 inches.
B-7
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HII 11 i1 HI I I III I I I III IP
FILTER FABRIC INLET PROTECTION
Maintenance
A Inspect regularly and after every stoim. Make any repairs necessary to ensure the measure is in
good working order.
A Sediment should be removed and the trap restored to its original dimensions when sediment has
accumulated to % the design depth of the trap.
A If the filter fabric becomes clogged it should be replaced immediately.
A Make sure that the stakes are firmly in the ground and that the filter fabric continues to be securely
anchored.
A All sediments removed should be properly disposed.
A Inlet protection should remain in place and operational until the drainage area is completely stabilized
or up to 30 days after the permanent site stabilization is achieved.
The cost of storm drain inlet protection vanes dependent upon the size and type of inlet to be
protected but generally is about $300.00 per inlet
A Commonwealth of Virginia - County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For Erosion And Sediment
Control - Fairfax County, Virginia.
A State of North Carolina, 1988 Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
A Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991. 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soil Erosion And Sediment Control - Draft.
A Storm Water Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin State of Washington, Department
of Ecology, 1991.
A Cost Data:
• A Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, April 20,1990. Prepared
by Kamber Engineering for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits, Washington, D.C. 20460
B-8
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EXCAVATED GRAVEL INLET PROTECTION
September 1992
Design Criteria *
A Inlet protection is appropriate in the following locations*
A In small drainage areas (less than 1 acre) where the storm dram inlet is functional before the
drainage area has been permanently stabilized.
A Where there is danger of sediment silting in an inlet which is in place prior to permanent
stabilization.
A Where ponding around the inlet structure could be a problem to traffic on site.
A Excavated gravel and mesh inlet protection may be used with most inlets where overflow capability
is needed and in areas of heavy flows,, 0.5 cfs or greater.
A The drainage area should not exceed 1 acre
A The drainage area should be fairly flat with slopes of 5% or less.
A The trap should have a sediment trapping sump of 1 to 2 feet measured from the crest of the inlet.
Side slopes should be 2 1. The recommended volume of excavation is 35 yd*/acre disturbed.
A To achieve maximum trapping efficiency the longest dimension of the basin should be oriented
toward the longest inflow area
A Hardware cloth or wire mesh with % inch openings.
A Filter fabric (see the fabric specifications for silt fence)
A Washed gravel % inches to 4 inches in diameter
Construction Specifications
Remove any obstructions to excavating and grading Excavate sump area, grade slopes and
properly dispose of soil
The inlet grate should be secured to prevent seepage of sediment laden water.
Place wire mesh over the drop inlet so that the wire extends a minimum of 1 foot beyond each side
of the inlet structure Overlap the strips of mesh if more than one is necessary.
Place fitter fabric over the mesh extending it at least 18 inches beyond the inlet opening on all sides.
Ensure that weep holes in the inlet structure are protected by filter fabric and gravel.
Place stone/gravel over the fabric/wire mesh to a depth of at least 1 foot
B-9
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'n|iiiii i 'ii iiiiin11 illinium Hi ik
EXCAVATED GRAVEL INLET PROTECTION
Maintenance |
A Inspect regularly and after every storm. Make any repairs necessary to ensure the measure is in
good working order.
A Sediment should be removed and the trap restored to its original dimensions when sediment has
accumulated to % the design depth of the trap.
A Clean or remove and replace the stone filter or fitter fabric if they become clogged.
A Inlet protection should remain in place and operational until the drainage area is completely stabilized
or up to 30 days after the permanent site stabilization is achieved.
A The cost of storm drain inlet protection varies dependent upon the size and type of inlet to be
protected but generally is about $300.00 per inlet.
A Commonwealth of Virginia - County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For Erosion And Sediment
Control • Fairfax County, Virginia.
A State of North Carolina, 1988 Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
A Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991. 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soil Erosion And Sediment Control - Draft.
A Storm Water Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin. State of Washington, Department
of Ecology, 1991.
A Cost Data:
A Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, April 20,1990. Prepared
by Kamber Engineering for the U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits, Washington, D.C. 20460.
B-10
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BLOCK AND GRAVEL INLET PROTECTION
September 1992
Design Criteria
A Inlet protection is appropriate in the following locations:
A In drainage areas (less than 1 acre) where the storm drain inlet is functional before the drainage
area has been permanently stabilized.
A Where there is danger of sediment silting in an inlet which is in place prior to permanent
stabilization.
A Block and gravel inlet protection may be used with most types of inlets where overflow capability
is needed and in areas of heavy flows 0.5 cfs or greater.
A The drainage area should not exceed 1 acre
A The drainage area should be fairly flat with slopes of 5% or less.
A To achieve maximum trapping efficiency the longest dimension of the basin should be oriented
toward the longest inflow area.
A Where possible the trap should have -sediment trapping sump of 1 to 2 feet in depth with side slopes
of 2.1.
A There are several other types of inlet protection also used to prevent siltation of storm drainage
systems and structures during construction, they are
A Filter Fabric Inlet Protection
A Excavated Gravel Inlet Protection
A Hardware cloth or wire mesh with % inch openings
A Filter fabric (see the fabric specifications for silt fence)
A Concrete block 4 inches to 12 inches wide
A Washed gravel % inches to 4 inches in diameter
Construction Specifications
The inlet grate should be secured to prevent seepage of sediment laden water.
Place wire mesh over the drop inlet 'so that the wire extends a minimum of 12 inches to 18 inches
beyond each side of the inlet structure. Overlap the strips of mesh if more than one is necessary.
Place filter fabric (optional) over the mesh and extend it at least 18 inches beyond the inlet
structure
Place concrete blocks over the filter fabric in a single row lengthwise on their sides along the sides
of the inlet The foundation should be excavated a minimum of 2 inches below the crest of the inlet
and the bottom row of blocks should be against the edge of the structure for lateral support.
The open ends of the block should face outward not upward and the ends of adjacent blocks should
abut Lay one block on each side of the structure on its side to allow for dewatering of the pool
The block barrier should be at least 12 inches high and may be up to a maximum of 24 inches high
and may be from 4 inches to 12 inches in depth depending on the size of block used.
Prior to backfilling, place wire mesh over the outside vertical end of the blocks so that stone does
not wash down the inlet.
Place gravel against the wire mesh to the top of the blocks
B-11
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I' i i . i' I "ill II III 1 HI II1'i', 11' I I1',! , ' i|"i'il""l, ,,'|ii ,IH'l',i 11, ' lill li'(1,1 Ill, I I'll
''It;,;! ^''^(WiV''!!!,,1 I)',1'! !*,'!"'"'' ','i'i "'" '"'"'''" "'I1! I'"'"' ;
"ii'"' '" i! i iiiinj P n in i ' ii i i in 'iln in i ii i'u il ii I i I nil1" i hinilii
l H n I'm lull Ihllmil'ii i 'Hi i i 1, i "HI' ' i ||, n I || ' i 11 i 1,1 |n |l I iiftimi
BLOCK AND GRAVEL INLET PROTECTION
Maintenance*
A Inspect regularly and after every storm. Make any repairs necessary to ensure the measure is in
good working order.
A Sediment Should be removed and the trap restored to its original dimensions when sediment has
accumulated to % the design depth of the trap.
A All sediments removed should be properly disposed of.
A Inlet protection should remain in place and operational until the drainage area is completely stabilized
or up to 30 days after the permanent site stabilization is achieved.
I COM
The cost of storm drain inlet protection varies dependent upon the size and type of inlet to be
protected but generally is about 4300.0O per inlet.
I Sources
A Commonwealth of Virginia - County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For Erosion And Sediment
Control - Fairfax County, Virginia.
A State of North Carolina, 1988 Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
A Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soil Erosion And Sediment Control * Draft
A Storm Water Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin. State of Washington, Department
of Ecology, 1991.
A Cost Data:
A Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, April 20,1990. Prepared
by Kamber Engineering for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits, Washington, D.C 20460.
B-12
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CHECK DAMS
September 1992
Peslgn Criteria
A Check dams are appropriate for use in the following locations*
v
A Across swales or drainage ditches to reduce the velocity of flow.
A Where velocity must be reduced because a vegetated channel lining has not yet been
established.
A 'Check dams may never be used in a live stream unless approved by the appropriate government
agency.
A The drainage area above the check dam should be between 2 acres and 10 acres.
A The dams must be spaced so that the toe of the upstream dam is never any higher than the top of
the downstream dam.
A The center of the dam must be 6 inches to 9 inches lower than either edge, and the maximum
height of the dam should be 24 inches.
A The check dam should be as much as 18 inches wider than the banks of the channel to prevent
undercutting as overflow water re-enters the channel. '
A Excavating a sump immediately upstream from the check dam improves its effectiveness.
A Provide outlet stabilization below the lowest check dam where the risk of erosion is greatest.
A Consider the use of channel linings or protection such as plastic sheeting or riprap where there may
be significant erosion or prolonged submergence
Materials
A Stone 2 inches to 15 inches in diameter
A Logs 6 inches to 8 inches in diameter
A Sandbags filled with pea gravel
A Filter fabric (see the fabric specifications for silt fence)
Construction Specifications
A Rock Check Dams
?
A Place the stones on the filter fabric either by hand or using appropriate machinery; do not simply
dump them in place
A Extend the stone 18 inches beyond the banks and keep the side slopes 2.1 or flatter.
A Lining the upstream side of the dam with % inch to 1 % inch gravel 1 foot in depth is a
suggested option.
A Log Check Dams
A Logs must be firmly embedded in the ground; 18 inches is the recommended minimum depth.
A Sand Bag Check Dams
A Be sure that bags are all securely sealed.
A Place bags by hand or use appropriate machinery.
B-13
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CHECK DAMS
•Milntsnanca
Inspect regularly and after every storm. Make any repairs necessary to ensure the measure Is in
good working order.
Accumulated sediment and leaves should be removed from behind the dams and erosive damage
to the channel restored after each storm or when % the original height of the dam is reached.
All accumulated material removed from the dam shall be properly disposed
Replace stone as necessary for the dams to maintain their correct height.
If sand bags are used, the fabric of the bags should be inspected for signs of deterioration.
Remove stone or riprap if grass lined channel requires mowing.
Check dams should remain in place and operational until the drainage area and channel are
completely stabilized or up to 30 days after the permanent site stabilization is achieved.
Restore the channel lining or establish vegetation when each check dam is removed.
The costs for the construction of check dams varies with the material used. Rock costs about $ 100
per dam. Log check dams are usually slightly less expensive than rock check dams All costs vary
depending on the width of channel to be checked.
Commonwealth of Virginia • County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For Erosion And Sediment
Control - Fairfax County, Virginia.
State of North Carolina, 1988. Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991. 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soil Erosion And Sediment Control - Draft.
Storm Water Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin State of Washington, Department
of Ecology, 1991.
Cost Data-
A Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, April 20,1990. Prepared
by Kamber Engineering for the U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits, Washington, D.C. 20460
B-14
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EARTH DIKE
September 1992
Design Criteria
A Earth dikes are appropriate in the following situations:
A To divert upslope flows away from disturbed areas such as cut or fill slopes and to divert runoff
to a stabilized outlet
A To reduce the length of the slope runoff will cross
A At the perimeter of the construction site to prevent sediment-laden runoff from leaving the site
A To direct sediment-laden runoff to a sediment trapping device.
A When the drainage area to the earth dike is greater than 10 acres, the United States Department
of Agriculture - Soil Conservation Service (USDA • SCS) standards and specification for diversions
should be consulted
A Table 4 contains suggested dike design criteria.
TABLE 4. SUGGESTED DIKE DESIGN CRITERIA
Drainage Area
Dike Height
Dike Width
Flow Width
Flow Depth
Side Slopes
Grade
>
Under 5 Acres i
18 inches
24 inches
4 feet
12 inches
2:1 or less
0.5% - 10%
Bat ween 5-16 Acres
30 inches
36 inches
6 feet
24 inches
2:1 or less
0.5% - 10%
The base for a dike 18 inches high and 24 wide at the top should be between 6 feet - 8 feet. The
height of the dike is measured on the upslope side
If the dike is constructed using coarse aggregate the side slopes should be 3:1 or flatter.
The channel formed behind the dike should have a positive grade to a stabilized outlet. The channel
should be stabilized with vegetative or other stabilization measures
Grades over 10% may require an engineering design.
Construct the dike where it will not interfere with major areas of construction traffic so that vehicle
damage to the dike will be kept to the minimum.
Diversion dikes should be installed prior to the majority of soil disturbing activity, and may be
removed when stabilization of the drainage area and outlet are complete.
A Compacted Soil
A Coarse Aggregate
B-15
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EARTH DIKE
Construction Specifications
A Clear the area of all trees, brush, stumps or other obstructions.
A Construct the dike to the designed cross-section, line and grade making sure that there are no
Irregularities or bank projections to impede the flow.
A The dike should be compacted using earth moving equipment to prevent failure of the dike.
A The dike must be stabilized as soon as possible after installation.
Maintenance
A inspect regularly and after every storm, make any repairs necessary to ensure the measure is in
good working order.
A Inspect the dike, flow channel and outlet for deficiencies or signs of erosion.
A If material must be added to the dike be sure it is properly compacted.
A Reseed or stabilize the dike as needed to maintain its stability regardless if there has been a storm
event or not.
The cost associated with earth dike construction is roughly $4.50 per linear foot which covers the
earthwork involved in preparing the dike Also added to this cost is approximately $1.00 per linear
foot for stabilization practices. It should be noted that for most construction projects, the cost of
earth dike construction is insignificant compared to the overall earthwork project costs.
Commonwealth of Virginia • County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For Erosion And Sediment
Control - Fairfax County, Virginia
State of North Carolina, 1988. Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991. 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soil Erosion And Sediment Control - Draft.
Storm Water Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin State of Washington, Department
of Ecology, 1991.
Cost Data:
A Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, April 20,1990. Prepared
by Kamber Engineering for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits, Washington, D.C. 20460.
B-16
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DRAINAGE SWALE
September 1992
Design Criteria
A Temporary drainage swales are appropriate in the following situations
A To divert upslope flows away from disturbed areas such as cut or fill slopes and to divert runoff
to a stabilized outlet
A To reduce the length of the slope runoff will cross
A At the perimeter of the construction site to prevent sediment-laden runoff from leaving the site
A To direct sediment-laden runoff to a sediment trapping device.
A When the drainage area is greater than 10 acres the United States Department of Agriculture - Soil
Conservation Service (USDA - SCS) standards end specifications for diversions should be consulted.
A Swales may have side slopes ranging from 3:1 to 2:1.
A The minimum channel depth should be between 12 inches and 18 inches.
A The minimum width at the bottom of the channel should be 24 inches and the bottom should be
level.
A The channel should have a uniform positive grade between 2% and 5%, with no sudden decreases
where sediments may accumulate and cause overtopping
A The channel should be stabilized with temporary or permanent stabilization measures
A Grades over 10% may require an engineering design.
A Construct the swale away from area's of major construction traffic.
A Runoff must discharge to a stabilized outlet.
A Grass seed for temporary or permanent stabilization
A Sod
A Coarse aggregate or riprap
Construction Specifications
Clear the area of all trees, brush, stumps or other obstructions
Construct the swale to the designed cross-section, line and grade making sure that there are no
irregularities or bank projections to impede the flow
The lining should be well compacted using earth moving equipment and stabilization initiated as
soon as possible.
Stabilize lining with grass seed, sod, or riprap.
Surplus material should be properly distributed or disposed of so that it does not interfere with the
functioning of the swale.
Outlet dissipation measures should be used to avoid the risk of erosion.
Maintenance
A Inspect regularly and after every storm, make any repairs necessary to ensure the measure is in
good working order.
A Inspect the flow channel and outlet for deficiencies or signs of erosion.
A If surface of the channel requires material to be added be sure it is properly compacted.
A Reseed or stabilize the channel as needed to prevent erosion during a storm event.
B-17
-------
DRAINAGE SWALE
A Drainage swale can vary widely depending on the geometry of the swale and the type of lining
material:
A Grass $3.00/squara yard
A Sod 44.00/square year
A Riprap $45.00/square year
A No matter which liner type is used, the entire swale must be stabilized (i.e., seeded and mulched
at a cost of *1.25/square yard).
Sources
A Commonwealth of Virginia - County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For Erosion And Sediment
Control • Fairfax County, Virginia
A State of North Carolina, 1988. Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
A Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soil Erosion And Sediment Control - Draft.
A Storm Water Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin State of Washington, Department
of Ecology, 1991.
A Cost Data*
A Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, April 20,1990. Prepared
by Kamber Engineering for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits, Washington, D.C. 20460.
B-18
-------
TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP
September 1992
Design Criteria
A Temporary sediment traps are appropriate in the following locations.
A At the oufret of the perimeter controls installed during the first stage of construction
A At the outlet of any structure which concentrates sediment-laden runoff, e g at the discharge
point of diversions, channels, slope drains, or other runoff conveyances
A Above a storm water inlet that is in line to receive sediment-laden runoff.
A Temporary sediment traps may be constructed by excavation alone or by excavation in combination
with an embankment.
A Temporary sediment traps are often used in conjunction with a diversion dike or swale.
A The drainage area for the sediment trap should not exceed 5 disturbed acres.
A The trap must be accessible for ease of regular maintenance which is critical to Jts functioning
properly.
A Sediment traps are temporary measures and should not be planned to remain in place longer than
between 18 and 24 months.
A The capacity of the sedimentation pool should provide storage volume for 3,600 cubic feet/acre
drainage area
A The outlet should be designed to provide a 2 foot settling depth and an additional sediment storage
area 1 % feet deep at the bottom of the trap.
A The embankment may not exceed 5 leet in height.
A The recommended minimum width at the top of the embankment is between 2 feet and 5 feet.
A The minimum recommended length of the weir is between 3 feet and 4 feet, and the maximum is
12 feet in length
A Table 5 illustrates the typical relationship between the embankment height, the height of the outlet
(H0), and the width (W) at the top of the embankment.
TABLE 5. EMBANKMENT HEIGHT vs. OUTLET HEIGHT AND WIDTH
H " !
1.5
20
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
«,
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
W
2.0
2.0
25
2.5
3.0
3.0
4.0
4.5
Materials
A Filter fabric (see fabric requirement for silt fence)
A Coarse aggregate or riprap 2 inches to 14 inches in diameter
A Washed gravel 34 to 1 % inches in diameter
A Seed and mulch for stabilization
B-19
-------
(Ill I 'I
iii|'i'ii|ii'iiiir '
TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP
Construction Specifications
A Clear the area of all trees, brush, stumps or other obstructions
A Construct the embankment in 8 inch lifts compacting each lift with the appropriate earth moving
equipment Fill material must be free of woody vegetation, roots, or large stones.
A Keep cut and fill slopes between 3 1 and 2:1 or flatter.
A Line the outlet area with filter fabric prior to placing stone or grave!
A Construct the gravel outlet using heavy stones between 6 inches and 14 inches in diametei and face
the upstream side with a 12 inch layer of 34 inch to 1 % inch washed gravel on the upstream side'
A Seed and mulch the embankment as soon as possible to ensure stabilization
Maintenance
A Inspect regularly and after every storm Make any repairs necessary to ensure the measure is in
good working order.
A Frequent removal of sediment is critical to the functioning of this measure At a minimum sediment
should be removed and the trap restored to its original volume when sediment reaches % of the
original volume.
A Sediment removed from the trap must be properly disposed
A Check the embankment regularly to make sure it is structurally sound.
A Costs for a sediment trap vary widely based upon their size and the amount of excavation and stone
required, they usually can be installed for $500 to $7,000.
A Commonwealth of Virginia - County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For Erosion And Sediment
Control - Fairfax County, Virginia
A State of North Carolina, 1988. Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
A Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991. 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soli Erosion And Sediment Control - Draft.
A Storm Water Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin. State of Washington, Department
of Ecology, 1991.
A Cost Data:
A Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, April 20,1990. Prepared
by Kamber Engineering for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits, Washington, D.C, 20460.
B-20
ill Wl'i
-------
Appendix C
APPENDIX C
EXAMPLE STORM WATE R POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
FOR A CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
-------
HOMERVILLE APARTMENTS
CONSTRUCTION POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
SITE DESCRIPTION
oject Name and
>cation: iLttftude,
Higftucfe, or Address)
Homerville Apartments
21 Broadview Avenue
Center City, ANY STATE
00000
Owner Name and
Address:
Quality Associates
11 Mam Street
Center City, ANY STATE
00000
scrtption: {Purpose
d Types of Soil
sturbing Activities)
lis project will consist of three low-rise, attached apartment buildings with adjacent parking facilities.
iil disturbing activities will include clearing and grubbing; installing a stabilized construction entrance,
nmeter, and other erosion and sediment controls, grading, excavation for the sedimentation pond, storm
wer, utilities, and building foundations, construction of curb and gutter, road, and parking areas; and
eparation for final planting and seeding.
jnoff Coefficient:
The final coefficient of runoff for the site will be c = 0.5
e Area:
The site is approximately 110 acres of which 9.8 acres will be disturbed by
construction activities
quence of Major Activities
IB order of activities will be as follows.
Install stabilized construction entrance
Clear and grub for earth dike and sediment basin
Install earth dike
Construct sedimentation basin
Continue clearing and grading
Pile topsoil
Stabilize denuded areas and stockpiles, within 14
days of last construction activity in that area
Install utilities, storm sewer, curb and gutter
9. Apply stone to parking area and road
10. Construct apartment buildings
11. Complete grading and install permanen*
seeding and plantings
12 Complete final paving
13. Remove accumulated sediment from basin.
14. When all construction activity is complete and
the site is stabilized, remove earth dike and
reseed any areas disturbed by their removal.
me of Receiving
aterst
The entire site will drain into Rocky Creek which is approximately one hundred
yards from the site.
CONTROLS
€rosion and Sediment Controls
Stabilization Practices
mporary Stabilization - Top soil stock piles and disturbed portions of the site where construction activity
mporanly ceases for at least 21 days will be stabilized with temporary seed and mulch no later than 14 days
om the last construction activity in that area The temporary seed shall be Rye (gram) applied at the rate of
20 pounds per acre. Prior to seeding, 2,000 pounds of ground agricultural limestone and 1,000 pounds of
5-10-10 fertilizer shall be applied to each acre to be stabilized After seeding, each area shall be mulched
'ith 4,000 pounds per acre of straw. The straw mulch is to be tacked into place by a disk with blades set
arly straight. Areas of the site which are to be paved will be temporarily stabilized by applying geotextile
id stone sub-base until bituminous pavement can be applied.
rmanent Stabilization - Disturbed portions of the site where construction activities permanently ceases shall
stabilized with permanent seed no later than 14 days after the last construction activity. The permanent
ed mix shall consist of 80 Ibs/acre tall fescue, and 40 Ibs/acre kobe lespedeza. Prior to seeding, 4,000
junds of ground agricultural limestone and 2,000 pounds of 10-10-10 fertilizer shall be applied to each acre
> be stabilized. After seeding, each area shall be mulched with 4,000 pounds per acre of straw. The straw
ulch is to be tacked into place by a disk with blades set nearly straight
-------
"i c ii iii .fliiifii'ii'i iii"11!) if mi "i m 'hi i 111 a1,1 i i
CONTROLS (Continued)
: Structural Practices
Earth Diki - Will be constructed along the uphill perimeter (north) of the site A portion of the dike will divert
runon around the construction site. The remaining portion of the dike will collect runoff from the disturbed
area and direct the runoff to the sediment basin.
Sediment Basin - will be constructed at the common drainage location on the south side of the construction
site. The basin will be formed by constructing an embankment across an existing gully and excavating a
storage pond with a volume of 36,000 cubic feet (0.82) acre feet The basin will drain through a corrugated
metal riser and outlet pipe to a rip rap outlet apron. Once construction activities are nearly complete, the
accumulated sediment will be removed from the basin. _
Storm Water Management
Storm water drainage will be provided by curb and gutter, storm sewer and catch basin, for the developed
areas. The areas which are not developed will be graded at less that 0.5:1 and have permanent seeding or
plantings. Two acres of the site will remain untouched and in its natural state. When construction is complete
the entire site will drain to a wet detention basin. The wet detention basin will be in the location of the
temporary sediment basin. When upslope areas are stabilized, the accumulated sediment will be removed from
the sediment basin, and the areas on the sides of the basin will be planted with vegetation The wet detention
pond is designed with a permanent pool volume of 0.82 (acre-feet). This is equivalent to one inch of runoff for
the entire drainage area. It is expected that this wet detention pond design will result in an 80 percent removal
of total suspended solids from the site's storm water runoff. The pond has been designed by a professional
engineer to keep peak flow rates from the two and ten year/24 hour storms at their pre-development rates.
The outlet of the detention basin will be stabilized by a riprap apron.
OTHER CONTROLS
Waste Disposal;
Waste Materials
Ail waste materials will be collected and stored in a securely lidded metal dumpster rented from the ADF Waste
Management Company, which is a licensed solid waste management company in Center City The dumpster
wilt meet all local Center City and any State solid waste management regulations All trash and construction
debris from the site will be deposited in the dumpster. The dumpster will be emptied a minimum of twice per
week or more often if necessary, and the trash will be hauled to the Center City Dump. No construction waste
materials will be buried onsite All personnel will be instructed regarding the correct procedure for waste
disposal. Notices stating these practices will be posted in the office trailer and Mr Doe, the individual who
manages the day-to-day site operations, will be responsible for seeing that these procedures are followed.
Hazardous Waste
All hazardous waste materials will be disposed of in the manner specified by local or State regulation or by the
manufacturer. Site personnel will be instructed in these practices and Mr. Doe, the individual who manages
day-to-day site operations, will be responsible for seeing that these practices are followed.
Sanitary Waste
AH sanitary waste will be collected from the portable units a minimum of three times per week by the TIDEE
Company, a licensed Center City sanitary waste management contractor, as required by local regulation..
Offslte Vehicle Tracking; |
A stabilized construction entrance has been provided to help reduce vehicle tracking of sediments. The paved
street adjacent to the site entrance will be swept daily to remove any excess mud, dirt or rock tracked from the
site. Dump trucks hauling material from the construction site will be covered with a tarpaulin.
-------
TIMING OF CONTROLS/MEASURES
indicated in the Sequence of Major Activities, the earth dike, stabilised construction entrance and sediment
sin-will be constructed prior to clearing or grading of any other portions of the site Areas where
nstruction activity temporarily ceases for more than 21 days will be stabilized with a temporary seed and
jlch within 14 days of the last disturbance Once construction activity ceases permanently in an area, that
a will be stabilized with permanent seed and mulch. After the entire site is stabilized, the accumulated
jiment will be removed from the trap and the earth dike will be removed •
CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL. STATE, AND LOCAL REGULATIONS _!
e storm water pollution prevention plan reflects Center City requirements for storm water management and
jsion and sediment control, as established in Center City ordinance 5-188. To ensure compliance, this plan
s prepared in accordance with the Center Citv Storm Water Management. Erosion and Sediment Control
ndbook. published by the Center City Department of Planning, Storm Water Management Section. There are
other applicable State or Federal requirements for sediment and erosion site plans (or permits), or storm
ter management site plans (or permits)
MAINTENANCE/INSPECTION PROCEDURES
; Erosion and Sediment Control Inspection and Maintenance Practices
ese are the inspection and maintenance practices that will be used to maintain erosion and sediment
ntrols
• Less than one half of the site will be denuded at one time
• All control measures will be inspected at least once each week and following any storm event of 0.5
inches or greater.
• All measures will be maintained in good working order, if a repair is necessary, it will be initiated within
24 hours of report
• Built up sediment will be removed from silt fence when it has reached one-third the height of the fence.
• Silt fence will be inspected for depth of sediment, tears, to see if the fabric is securely attached to the
fence posts, and to see that the fence posts are firmly in the ground
• The sediment basin will be inspected for depth of sediment, and built up sediment will be removed when
it reaches 10 percent of the design capacity or at the end of the job
• Diversion dike will be inspected and any breaches promptly repaired
• Temporary and permanent seeding and planting will be inspected for bare spots, washouts, and healthy
growth
• A maintenance inspection report will be made after each inspection. A copy of the report form to be
completed by the inspector is attached
• Mr. Doe, site superintendent, will select three individuals who will be responsible for inspections,
maintenance and repair activities, and filling out the inspection and maintenance report
• Personnel selected for inspection and maintenance responsibilities will receive training from Mr. Doe.
They will be trained in all the inspection and maintenance practices necessary for keeping the erosion
and sediment controls used onsite in good working order
-------
MAINTENANCE/INSPECTION PROCEDURES (Continued)
."' i'1"" «, • • •>'-' * -* ** Non-Storm Water Discharges
It Is expected that the following non-storm water discharges will occur from the site during the construction
period:
• Water from water line flushings.
• Pavement wash waters (where no spills or leaks of toxic or hazardous materials have occurred).
• Uncontaminated groundwater (from dewaterirtg excavation).
All non-storm water discharges will be directed to the sediment basin prior to discharge.
-------
INVENTORY TOR POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
The materials or substances listed below are expected to be present onsite during construction:
Concrete
Detergents
Paints (enamel and latex)
Metal Studs
Concrete
Tar
Fertilizers
Petroleum Based Products
Cleaning Solvents
Wood
Masonry Block
Roofing Shingles.
SPILL PREVENTION
Material Management Practices
The following are the material management practices that will be used to reduce the risk of
spills or other accidental exposure of materials and substances to storm water runoff.
6ood Housekeeping? I
The following good housekeeping practices will be followed onsite during the construction
project.
• An effort will be made to store only enough product required to do the job
• All materials stored onsite will be stored in a neat, orderly manner in their appropriate
containers and, if possible, under a roof or other enclosure
s
• Products will be kept in their original containers with the original manufacturer's label
• Substances will not be mixed with one another unless recommended by the manufacturer
• Whenever possible, all of a product will be used up before disposing of the container
• Manufacturers' recommendations for proper use and disposal will be followed
• The site superintendent will in&pect daily to ensure proper use and disposal of materials
onsite
Hazardous Products: 1
These practices are used to reduce the risks associated with hazardous materials.
• Products will be kept in original containers unless they are not resealable
• Original labels and material safety data will be retained, they contain important product
information
• If surplus product must be disposed of, manufacturers' or local and State recommended
methods for proper disposal wall be followed
-------
SPILL PREVENTION (Continued)
Product Specific practices
< -.
The following product specific practices will be followed onsite.
Petroleum Products:~]
All onsite vehicles will be monitored for leaks and receive regular preventive maintenance to
reduce the chance of leakage. Petroleum products will be stored in tightly sealed containers
which are clearly labeled Any asphalt substances used onsite will be applied according to the
manufacturer's recommendations
Fertilizers:
Fertilizers used will be applied only in the minimum amounts recommended by the
manufacturer. Once applied, fertilizer will be worked into the soil to limit exposure to storm
water. Storage will be in a covered shed The contents of any partially used bags of fertilizer
will be transferred to a scalable plastic bin to avoid spills
Paints:
All containers will be tightly sealed and stored when not required for use Excess paint will not
be discharged to the storm sewer system but will be properly disposed of according to
manufacturers' instructions or State and local regulations
Concrete Trucks;
Concrete trucks will not be allowed to wash out or discharge surplus concrete or drum wash
water on the site
*">,. Spill Control Practices
In addition to the good housekeeping and material management practices discussed in the
previous sections of this plan, the following practices will be followed for spill prevention and
cleanup:
* Manufacturers' recommended methods for spill cleanup will be clearly posted and site
personnel will be made aware of the procedures and the location of the information and
cleanup supplies.
* Materials and equipment necessary for spill cleanup will be kept in the material storage area
onsite. Equipment and materials will include but not be limited to brooms, dust pans, mops,
rags, gloves, goggles, kitty litter, sand, sawdust, and plastic and metal trash containers
specifically for this purpose.
* All spills will be cleaned up immediately after discovery.
• The spill area will be kept well ventilated and personnel will wear appropriate protective
clothing to prevent injury from contact with a hazardous substance.
• Spills of toxic or hazardous material will be reported to the appropriate State or local
government agency, regardless of the size
• The spill prevention plan will be adjusted to include measures to prevent this type of spill
from reoccurnng and how to clean up the spill if there is another one A description of the
spill, what caused it, and the cleanup measures will also be included.
• Mr. Doe, the site superintendent responsible for the day-to-day site operations, will be the
spill prevention and cleanup coordinator. He will designate at least three other site personnel
who will receive spill prevention and cleanup training These individuals will each become
responsible for a particular phase of prevention and cleanup The names of responsible spill
personnel will be posted in the material storage area and in the office trailer onsite
-------
HomrvUteAputiMnti
Broadview Avenue
Cantor City, Anyttato
00000
Site ATMS 11.0 Aeru
Scale: 1'slOD'
s Son Type: Sandy Loam
__ Stabllizftd
" 'Construction
Entrance
» iVV»,
M \ f \
— ff + + *
" ' --
• * *-> ^ *,**
'»'»*V3U7
* * * * t^f
L * * * * T
si
^& EXISTING TREE UNE^A
•— Limit of Clearing and Grading
•— Property Line
Area to be Seeded
Earth Dike
Storm Water Inlet
Storm Water Manhole
•Storm Water Drain
Existing Tree Line
Rip Rap/Stone
270 ROCKY CREEK -v (Approx. 4501)
-------
POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
i certify under penalty qf law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or
supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and
evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system,
or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of
my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for
submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and impnsonment for knowing violations.
Signed:
John R. Quality,
President
Quality Associates
Date:
CONTRACTOR'S^CERTIFICATION /', *' ";, "'' ' ' \-
I certify under penalty of law that 1 understand the terms and conditions of the general National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit that authorizes the storm water discharges associated with
industrial activity from the construction site identified as part of this certification
Signature
For
Responsible for
Joseph Contractor, President
Date:
John Planter
Vice President of Construction
Date:
Jim Kay, President
Date::
Center City Const., Inc.
21 Elm Street
Center City, Any State 00000
(123) 399-8765
Green Grass, Inc.
4233 Center Road
Outerville, Any State 00001
(123) 823-5678
Dirt Movers, Inc.
523 Lincoln Ave.
Outerville, Any State 00001
(123) 823-8921
General Contractor
Temporary and Permanent
Stabilization
Stabilized Construction Entrance,
Earth Dikes, Sediment Basin
-------
HOMERVILLE APARTMENTS
STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE REPORT .FORM
TO BE COMPLETED EVERY 7 DAYS AND WITHIN 24 HOURS OF
A RAINFALL EVENT OF 0.5 INCHES OR MORE
INSPECTOR:
DATE-
INSPECTOR'S QUALIFICATIONS.
DAYS SINCE LAST RAINFALL
AMOUNT OF LAST RAINFALL
INCHES
STABILIZATION MEASURES
AREA
BLDG A
BLDG. B,
BLDG C
PRKNG 1
PRKNG. 2
GRASS 1
GRASS 2
DATE SINCE
LAST
DISTURBED
DATE OF
NEXT
DISTURBANCE
STABILIZED?
(YES/NO)
STABILIZED
WITH
CONDITION
STABILIZATION REQUIRED
TO BE PERFORMED BY
ON OR BEFORE:
-------
DATE:
HOMERVILLE APARTMENTS
STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE REPORT FORM
STRUCTURAL CONTROLS
1111!" I'
EARTH DIKE.
i i I 'ill in
FROM
BUILDING B
STABILIZED
CONSTRUCTION
ENTRANCE
BUILDING B
TO
STABILIZED
CONSTRUCTION
ENTRANCE
SEDIMENT BASIN
SEDIMENT BASIN
IS DIKE STABILIZED?
IS THERE EVIDENCE
OF WASHOUT OR
OVER-TOPPING?
MAINTENANCE REQUIRED FOR EARTH DIKE
"i i
TO BE PERFORMED BY:
I ON OR BEFORE^
I, ',' ' fill!,', (!"!
i i
ll!'""1,"''! Jill
"iini 111(1 HIM
-------
HOMEFIVILLE APARTMENTS
STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE REPORT, FORM
SEDIMENT BASIN.
DEPTH OF
SEDIMENT IN BASIN
CONDITION OF
BASIN SIDE SLOPES
ANY EVIDENCE OF
OVERTOPPING OF
THE EMBANKMENT?
CONDITION OF
OUTFALL FROM
SEDIMENT BASIN
MAINTENANCE REQUIRED FOR SEDIMENT BASIN,
TO BE PERFORMED BY-
ON OR BEFORE:
OTHER CONTROLS
STABILIZED CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE-
DOES MUCH
SEDIMENT GET
TRACKED ON TO
ROAD?
IS THE GRAVEl
CLEAN OR IS IT
FILLED WITH
SEDIMENT?
DOES ALL TRAFFIC
USE THE STABILIZED
ENTRANCE TO
LEAVE THE SITE?
IS THE CULVERT
BENEATH THE
ENTRANCE
WORKING?
MAINTENANCE REQUIRED FOR STABILIZED CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE
TO BE PERFORMED BY
ON OR BEFORE-
-------
HOMERVILLE APARTMENTS
STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE REPORT FORM
* ^
CHANGES REQUIRED TO THE POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN:
II " I ' (I I I ' III I III1 II 111 IN ('Ill " I II ll I1" I 11 I III l| I I Ill]
REASONS FOR CHANGES:
ill I I Illl1 ' II ll In
• 'il ' I I I ' II 'II 1111 III I ' ' 1,1 || I I1 1 Ill (||, |l'l ' -.
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction
or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly
gathered and evaluated the information submitted Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who
manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information
submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that
there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and
imprisonment for knowing violations.
'! ' 1 i i' ' ,' , i'ill,,!',i,nill'!"i!ll AI I i ii I! , ' " „ , >lJ!i'l,'!l,",i''ll'iiii|!li I1!
SIGNATURE: DATE:
I'M1 i i 'I I ' 'i i in1! li'uiifllll
ll iii1 I n ' i in ii i in i nil Mm iiii
ll I I ll I I Illl Hl» III I 111 ill1! Ill
-------
Appendix D
APPENDIX D
REFERENCES
-------
Appendix D
REFERENCES
*• IV
t
APWA, "Urban Stormwater Management, Special Report No 49," American Public Works
Association Research Foundation. 1981.
Arapahoe County, "Erosion Control Standards," prepared by Kiowa Engineering Corporation
AprilS, 1988
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, "Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual,"
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Bureau of Soil and Water Conservation.
April 1990.
Commonwealth of Virginia, "Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook," Virginia Department
of Conservation and Historical Preservation, Division of Soil & Water Conservation, Second
Edition. 1980.
v.
County of Fairfax, "Check List For Erosion and Sediment Control Fairfax County, Virginia." 1990
and 1987 Editions
Goldman, Steven J., "Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook," McGraw-Hill. 1986
MWCOG, "Controlling Urban Runoff A Practical Manual for Planning and Designing Urban BMPs,"
Department of Environmental Programs, Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments.
July 1987. .
Northern Virginia Planning District Commission, "BMP Handbook for the Occoquan Watershed,"
prepared for Occoquan Basin Nonpoml Pollution Management Program August 1987.
State of Maryland, "1983 Maryland Standards and Specifications for Soil and Erosion and Sediment
Control," Maryland Water Resources Administration, Soil Conservation Service, and State Soil
Conservation Committee April 1983
State of Maryland, "Draft 1991 Standards and Specifications for Soil Erosion and Sediment
Control," Maryland Department of the Environment Sediment and Storm-water Administration,
in cooperation with Soil Conservation Service State Soil Conservation Committee 1991.
State of North Carolina, "Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual," North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development, and Agricultural Extension Service. September 1, 1988.
State of Wisconsin, "Wisconsin Construction Site Best Management Practice Handbook,"
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Water Resources Management,
Nonpoint Source and Land Management Section June 1990
U.S. Department of Agriculture, "Standards and Specifications for Soil Erosion and Sediment
Control in Developing Areas," USDA Soil Conservation Service.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Draft Construction Site Stormwater Discharge Control, An
Inventory of Current Practices," EPA Office of Water Enforcement and Permits, prepared by
Kamber Engineering. June 26, 1991.
September 1992 D-'J
-------
Appendix D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "A Current Assessment of Urban Best Management
Practices. Techniques for Reducing Non-point Source Pollution in the Coastal Zone," EPA
Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds, prepared by Metropolitan Washington Council of
Governments. June 1992.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Draft Report on Best Management Practices for the
Control of Storm Water From Urbanized Areas," Science Applications International Corporation
June 1987.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of
Current Practices," EPA Office of Water Enforcement and Permits, prepared by Kamber
Engineering. April 20,1990.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "NPDES Best Management Practices Guidance Document,"
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory* Cincinnati, Ohio, prepared by Hydroscience, Inc.,
EPA 600/9-79-0451. December 1979.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Process, Procedure, and Methods to Control Pollution
Resulting from All Construction Activity," EPA Office of Air and Water Programs, PB-257-318.
October 1973.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Staff Analysis," Storm Water Section. July 1991.
Washington State, "Draft Stormwater Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin,"
Washington State Department of Ecology. January 23, 1992.
Washington State, "Standards for Storm Water Management for the Puget Sound Basin," Chapter
173-275 WAC, Washington State Department of Ecology. July 29, 1991.
D-2 September 1992
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Appendix £
APPENDIX E
GLOSSARY
-------
, Appendix E
GLOSSARY
Aeration. A process which promotes biological degradation of organic matter. The process may be
passive (as when waste is exposed to air) or active (as when a mixing or bubbling device
introduces the air).
Backfill: Earth used to fill a trench or an excavation
Baffles: Fin-like devices installed vertically on the inside walls of liquid waste transport vehicles
that are used to reduce the movement of the waste inside the tank.
Baseline General Permit: A storm water permit (issued under the NPDES program) intended to
initially cover the majority of storm water discharges associated with industrial activities. For
example, EPA is planning to issue two baseline general permits: NPDES General Permits for
Storm Water Discharges From Construction Activities that are classified as "Associated with
Industrial Activity" and NPDES General Permits for Storm Water Discharges from Industrial
Activities that are classified as "Associated with Industrial Activities." EPA is also encouraging
delegated States which have an approved general permits program to issue baseline general
permits.
Berm: An earthen mound used to direct the flow of runoff around or through a structure.
Best Management Practices (BMPs): Schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, maintenance
procedures, and other management practices to prevent or reduce the pollution of waters of
the United States BMPs also include treatment requirements, operating procedures, and
practices to control plant site runoff, &pillage or leaks, sludge or waste disposal, or drainage
from raw material storage With regard to construction these may include structural devices or
nonstructural practices that are designed to prevent pollutants from entenng water or to direct
the flow of water.
Biodegradable: The ability to break down or decompose under natural conditions and processes
•>
Boom: 1 A floating device used to contain oil on a body of water. 2. A piece of equipment used
to apply pesticides from ground equipment such as a tractor or truck.
Buffer Strip or Zone: Strips of grass or other erosion-resistant vegetation between a waterway and
an area of more intensive land use
By-product* Material, other than the pnncipal product, that is generated as a consequence of an
industrial process
Calibration- A check of the precision and accuracy of measuring equipment.
CERCLA: Comprehensive Emergency Response, Compensation, and Liability Act.
Chock: A block or wedge used to keep rolling vehicles in place.
Clay Lens* A naturally occurring, localized area of clay that acts as an impermeable layer to runoff
infiltration
Commencement of Construction: The initial disturbance of soils associated with clearing, grading,
or excavating activities or other construction activities.
September 1992 E-1
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Appendix E
Concrete aprons: A pad of nonerosive material designed to prevent scour holes developing al the
•s. outlet ends of culverts, outlet pipes, grade stabilization structures, and other water control
devices. ' , ' ' ,; ' ' \ \'\ "\ ""_ i ;';_;;; __;
Conduit: Any channel or pipe for transporting the flow of water.
i
Conveyance: Any natural or manmade channel or pipe in which concentrated water flows.
Corrosion: The dissolving and wearing away of metal caused by a chemical reaction such as
between water and the pipes that the water contacts, chemicals touching a metal surface, or
contact between two metals.
''I'!' ! ' ' !'". I I,'!- 'I '"'," ' "Wilil'i',','! H ,(', i'!"i;,l ' ; ' ,, „; ,i
Culvert: A covered channel or a large-diameter pipe that directs water flow below the ground level.
CWA: The Clean Water Act or the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
Dedicated portable asphalt plant: A portable asphalt plant that is located on or contiguous to a
construction site and that provides asphalt only to the construction site that the plant is
located on or adjacent to. The term dedicated portable asphalt plant does not include facilities
that are subject to the asphalt emulsion effluent limitation guideline at 40 CFR 443.
1 'I "I''!1., i1 ', I',,,'"i'l ' , " "'"'"I',!,'!'/!!, ' 'I ',',"!" ii"li'!',,li 'I'll !lI'll il ' ,» 'Ill Hi'!i I lit '.n'i '"'I I, 'fli ''ilVllil'I'li''!.!!'!'..!)!!!
Dedicated portable concrete plant: A portable concrete plant that is located on or contiguous, to a
construction site and that provides concrete only to the construction site that the plant is
located on or adjacent to.
'"[I1' i ! ' ''I i ',,!„' , ' ! l'111 ' ' ''"' '' ' ' * n ' '
Denuded: Land stripped-of vegetation such as grass, or land that has had vegetation worn down
due to impacts from the elements or humans.
Dike: An embankment to confine or control water, often built along the banks of a river to prevent
overflow of lowlands; a levee.
Director: The Regional Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or an authorized
representative.
Discharge: A release or flow of storm water or other substance from a conveyance or storage
container.
11 '' I ' 'I III 11 IP1 l|lh|l|l I I II I n I I II II IP HI n|
Drip Guard: A device used to prevent dnps of fuel or corrosive or reactive chemicals from
contacting other materials or areas.
"'" ' iii i i i ii i p i i n nun iiiiip inni in i ! i HI i i n 111 ni up i !
i ii f
Emission: Pollution discharged into the atmosphere from smokestacks, other vents, and surface
areas of commercial or industrial facilities and from motor vehicle, locomotive, or aircraft
exhausts.
Erosion: The wearing away of land surface by wind or water. Erosion occurs naturally from
weather or runoff but can be intensified by land-clearing practices related to farming,
residential or industrial development, road building, or timber-cutting.
" ' II I i il I I I i I I i i I I i 11 i lllil|i|l(l|il|l|i|i||i|ilii|i I,, I | ) i i|i ,,n|
""i I 'I I ', I 'ill" i1 , •llii'llt HI i'IN In'i '' i," ' '
Excavation: The process of removing earth, stone, or other materials.
Fertilizer: Materials such as nitrogen and phosphorus that provide nutrients for plants.
Commercially sold fertilizers may contain other chemicals or may be in the form of processed
sewage sludge.
E-2 September 1992
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Appendix E
Filter Fabric: Textile of relatively small mesh or pore size that is used to (a) allow water to pass
* through while keeping sediment out (permeable), or (b) prevent both runoff and sediment from
passing through (impermeable).
Fiter Strip- Usually long, relatively narrow area of undisturbed or planted vegetation used to retard
or collect sediment for the protection of watercourses, reservoirs, or adjacent properties."
Final Stabilization: The point at which all soil disturbing activities at the site have been completed,
and a uniform perennial vegetative cover with a density of 70% of the cover for unpaved areas
and areas not covered by permanent structures has been established or equivalent permanent
stabilization measures (such as the use of riprap, gabions, or geotextiles) have been employed.
Flange: A nm extending from the end of a pipe; can be used as a connection to another pipe.
Row Channel Liner: A covering or coating used on the inside surface of a flow channel to prevent
the infiltration of water to the ground.
Flowmeter: A gauge that shows the speed of water moving through a conveyance.
Row-weighted composite cample. A composite sample consisting of a mixture of aliquots
collected at a constant time interval, where the volume of each aliquot is proportional to the
flow rate of the discharge.
General Permit: A permit issued under the NPDES program to cover a certain class or category of
storm water discharges These permits allow for a reduction in the administrative burden
associated with permitting storm water discharges associated with industrial activities
Grading: The cutting and/or filling of the land surface to a desired slope or elevation.
Hazardous Substance: 1 Any material that poses a threat to human health and/or the
environment. Hazardous substances can be toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive, or chemically
reactive 2. Any substance named required by EPA to be reported if a designated quantity of
the substance is spilled in the waters of the United States or if otherwise emitted into the
environment
Hazardous Waste By-products of human activities that can pose a substantial or potential hazard
to human health or the environment when improperly managed. Possesses at least one of four
characteristics (ignitabihty, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxictty), or appears on special EPA lists.
Holding Pond: A pond or reservoir, usually made of earth, built to store polluted runoff for a limited
time.
Illicit Connection: Any discharge to a municipal separate storm sewer that is not composed entirely
of storm water except discharges authorized by an NPOES permit (other than the NPDES
permit for discharges from the municipal separate storm sewer) and discharges resulting from
fire fighting activities.
Infiltration: 1. The penetration of water through the ground surface into sub-surface soil or the
penetration of water from the soil into sewer or other pipes through defective joints,
connections, or manhole walls 2 A land application technique where large volumes of
wastewater are applied to land, allowed to penetrate the surface and percolate through the
underlying soil
Inlet An entrance into a ditch, storm sewer, or other waterway
September 1992 E-3
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Appendix E
Intermediates: A chemical compound formed during the making -of a product.
„ »\
Irrigation: Human application of water to agricultural or recreational land for watering purposes.
Juts: A plant fiber used to make rope, mulch, netting, or matting
I I
Lagoon: A shallow pond where sunlight, bacterial action, and oxygen work to purify wastewater
Land Application: Discharge of wastewater onto or into the ground for treatment or reuse
' '
'l . i, 'l , ....... ' ' ,' i
Land Treatment Unhs: An area of land where materials are temporarily located to receive
treatment. Examples include, sludge lagoons, stabilization pond
'.'i ! ' ., ',;"( '"i1;1',11!:.,;11,"1!11-.11,; ^ 'i ' !''"','''!' i' MM)! If I'"'1,"1 ! " ....... ,'! , '!", I""1, !' ?',' '!' I1!"!111!11!!]!!1!11!1!1 '!,'!,'!
Level Spreader: A device used to spread out storm water runoff uniformly over the ground surface
as sheetflow (i.e., not through channels) The purpose of level spreaders are to prevent
concentrated, erosive flows from occurring and to enhance infiltration.
Uming: Treating soil with lime to neutralize acidity levels
Liner: 1 . A relatively impermeable barrier designed to prevent leachate from leaking from a landfill.
Liner materials include plastic and dense clay. 2. An insert or sleeve for sewer pipes to
prevent leakage or infiltration.
Liquid Level Detector: A device that provides continuous measures of liquid levels in liquid storage
areas or containers to prevent overflows
Material Storage Areas Onsite locations where raw materials, products, final products, by-
products, or waste materials are stored.
Mulch: A natural or artificial layer of plant residue or other materials covering the land surface
which conserves moisture, holds soil in place, aids in establishing plant cover, and minimizes
temperature fluctuations
Noncontact Cooling Water. Water used to cool machinery or other materials without directly
contacting process chemicals or mateiiais
i
E-4 September 1992
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Appendix £
Notice of IntemXNOI): An application to notify the permitting authority of a facility's intention to
be covered by a general permit; exempts a facility from having to submit an individual or group
application.
NPDES: EPA's program to control the discharge of pollutants to waters of the United States. See
the definition of 'National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System" in 40 CFR 122.2 for further
guidance.
NPDES Permit: An authorization, license, or equivalent control document issued by EPA or an
approved State agency to implement the requirements of the NPDES program.
OB and Grease Traps. Devices which collect oil and grease, removing them from water flows.
Oil Sheen: A thin, glistening layer of oil on water
Oil/Water Separator. A device installed, usually at the entrance'to a drain, which removes oil and
grease from water flows entering the drain.
Organic Pollutants. Substances containing carbon which may cause pollution problems in receiving
streams
Organic Solvents. Liquid organic compounds capable of dissolving solids, gases, or liquids.
Outfall: The point, location, or structure where wastewater or drainage discharges from a sewer
pipe, ditch, or other conveyance to a receiving body of water.
Permeability: The quality of a soil that enables water or air to move through it. Usually expressed
in inches/hour or inches/day
Permit. An authorization, license, or equivalent control document issued by EPA or an approved
State agency to implement the requirements of an environmental regulation; e.g , a permit to
operate a wastewater treatment plant or to operate a facility that may generate harmful
emissions
Permit Issuing Authority (or Permitting Authority): The State agency or EPA Regional office which
issues environmental permits to regulated facilities.
Plunge pool: A basin used to slow flowing water, usually constructed to a design depth and shape.
The pool may be protected from erosion by various lining materials.
Pneumatic Transfer A system of hoses which uses the force of air or other gas to push material
through, used to transfer solid or liquid materials from tank to tank.
Point Source- Any discernible, confined, and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to any
pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock,
concentrated animal feeding operation, landfill leachate collection system, or vessel or other
floating craft, from which pollutants are or may be discharged.
Pollutant: Any dredged spoil, solid waste, incinerator residue, filter backwash, sewage, garbage,
sewage sludge, munitions, chemical wastes, biological materials, radioactive materials (except
those regulated under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 (U.S.C 2011 et sea.)).
heat, wrecked or discharged equipment, rock, sand, cellar dirt, and industrial, municipal, and
agricultural waste discharged into water. It does not mean:
(i) Sewage from vessels; or
V, •
September 1992 E-5
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Appendix E
(ii) Water, gas, or other material which is injected into a welt to facilitate production of oil or
gas, or vVater derived in association with oil and gas production and disposed of in a well, if
the well used either to facilitate production or for disposal purposes is approved by the
authority of the State in which the well is located, and if the State determines that the
injection or disposal will not result in the degradation of ground or surface water resources
(Section 021(6) of e vVA|.
Radioactive materials covered by the Atomic Energy Act are those encompassed in its
definition of source, byproduct, or special nuclear materials. Examples of materials not
covered include radium and accelerator-produced isotopes. See Train v. Colorado Public
Interest Research Group. Inc.. 426 U.S. 1 (1976).
Porous Pavement: A human-made surface that will allow water to penetrate through and percolate
into soil (as in porous asphalt pavement or concrete). Porous asphalt pavement is comprised
of irregular shaped crush rock precoated with asphalt binder. Water seeps through into lower
layers of gravel for temporary .storage, then filters naturally into the soil.
Precipitation: Any form of rain or snow.
•I " ; "i ",'",': "" HI, i ^
Preventative Maintenance Program: A schedule of inspections and testing at regular intervals
intended to prevent equipment failures and deterioration.
§i- " ..... *, • i, ..... , '",; :,,-,, ........ ,; ;; , ..... '. j in? -s i y>. , "f ;f . ' ..... "i ..... ii ' i ...... iy- in i i ;;,'( ' ilii my ffrnfaatm..^ i;;.i:i.7 "tii i" • lf®~H:' ..... ! ' i1 : IP 1<: itr-S '" .' t ' < 'If -J"' ;' "'Il
;, ; • • „ 'j; ; ,• ,, ?! i ;; : • • . ;; j"! [.,y ..... " '. (i ;!• . • j;,!;';;1-;] -[ : ; j ' , ..... ';'; ! -, S;11'1 I J W >/>} ''aaif-f; ,|!rwj!!|jftj*siti:.-vii' j ; j{* j; •jtii, *>« ; ft- *s;;i «tf ; ..... .";'« >;v"i'
Process Wastewater: Water that comes into direct contact with ....... or results from ..... the production or
use of any raw material, intermediate product, finished product, ....... by-product, waste product, or
waste water.' "' ' "':'' ......... ""' " ....... '. ....... • ' '''''
' vllllQ |
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): A plastic used in pipes because of its strength; does not dissolve in most
organic solvents. . ,
, |i . , r , , ,, •, . !; •, .1. , ,( •-" ;•• t ;• ,• j';\'"ii' ...... .-:! ."'ii* ..... I'-'UFC'iin-'i ..... i-|ii ..... ........ .............. •.'••! 'VIM,* I' i' '"'iS ,•;""'' " :ft'i"", f, i:'Ki::'fflil£im"'ililf< I
1 .; .I,,;1-!1 ,, ,'. , '• H i/ ,'',' l!'"'1,i „'",;, ;:,:,, .iLi'i,1';;!.,, *>»•* 'i ::: ' ...... ^ijw ;i»,i:i >'ili ..... ii/ i!!»iv.iii ..... l;l!i;iii"';:'ii'" '*„>'' :]'^i-' "',,; v^/:!!:!1!!"^;:*^ ''
Raw Material: Any product or material that is converted into another material by processing or
manufacturing.
RCRA: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
Recycle: The process of minimizing the generation of waste by recovering usable products that
might otherwise become waste. Examples are the recycling of aluminum cans, wastepaper,
OlIU DOlilaS. , ....... ....... , ....... , ..... ,„, , ....... ,'M.v:; ,/, ...... , Ii, :!!!:' il , ':! MJIIPIJTO Mil ..... PW':1,"1 r:i" ,r ...... »!. U '""Ml", if" 'Kill ;: I,. ..... , IM,1!!!1.!!!':1.!1",1-;1"1'! ... ""!!!,, 'M1 II
; • • , • . , , iis , ; . • • • . , ' , "...';. : ' ; ; • • .: ; ' . • ; ' i , ;«, • ; > .[,;', ;,s:" ..... ,,,,,! V • ;.;-! • i;:!, i: ^ '": "iSEJSJW^ ..... WW ! S^'SV.H I'fii:!'^' J ,:;::i: 1,
Reportable Quantity (RQ): The quantity of a hazardous substance or oil that triggers reporting
requirements under CERCLA or the Clean Water Act. If a substance is released in amounts
exceeding its RQ, the release must be reported to the National Response Center, the State
Emergency Response Commission, and community emergency coordinators for areas likely to
; . be affected (see Appendix I for a list of RQs). ..... ;>>>>>>>> ...................... ^ ................ ........................... " , •
Residual: Amount of pollutant remaining in the environment after a natural or technological process
has taken place, e.g., the sludge remaining after initial wastewater treatment, or particulates -
remaining in air after the air passes through a scrubbing or other pollutant removal process.
Retention: The holding of runoff in a basin without release except by means of evaporation,
infiltration, or emergency bypass.
'»» 'liiii . i ' t j .
Retrofit: The modification of storm water management systems in developed areas through the
construction of wet ponds, infiltration systems, wetland plantings, stream bank stabilization,
and other BMP techniques for improving water quality. A retrofit can consist of the
E-6
September, 1992
-------
Appendix E
construction of a new BMP in the developed area, the enhancement of an older storm water
'management structure, or a combination of improvement and new construction
91 Erosion: The formation of numerous, closely spread streamlets due to uneven removal of
surface soils by storm water or other water.
liparian Habitat: Areas adjacent to nvers and streams that have a high density, diversity, and
productivity of plant and animal species, relative to nearby uplands.
Uinon: Storm water surface flow or other isurface flow which enters property other than that
where h ongmated.
Runoff: That part of precipitation, snow melt, or irrigation water that runs off the land into streams
or other surface water It can carry pollutants from the air and land into the receiving waters
hinoff coefficient. The fraction of total rainfall that will appear at the conveyance as runoff.
Sanitary Sewer: A system of underground pipes that carries sanitary waste or process wastewater
to a treatment plant.
Sanitary Waste: Domestic sewage
SARA: Superfund Amendments and Reauthonzation Act.
Scour: The clearing and digging action of flowing water, especially the downward erosion caused
" by stream water in sweeping away mud and silt from the stream bed and outside bank of a
curved channel.
Sealed Gate- A device used to control the flow of liquid materials through a valve.
Secondary Containment Structures, usually dikes or berms, surrounding tanks or other storage
containers arid designed to catch spilled material from the storage containers
Sediment Trap. A device for removing sediment from water flows; usually Installed at outfall
points.
Sedimentation: The process of depositing soil particles, clays, sands, or other sediments that were
picked up by flowing water
Sediments: Soil, sand, and minerals washed from land into water, usually after rain. They pile up
in reservoirs, rivers, and harbors, destroying fish-nesting areas and holes of water animals and
cloud the water so that needed sunlight might not reach aquatic plants. Careless farming,
mining, and building activities will expose sediment materials, allowing them to be washed off
the land after rainfalls
Sheet Erosion: Erosion of thin layers of surface materials by continuous sheets of running water.-.
Sheetflow Runoff which flows over the ground surface as a thin, even layer, not concentrated in
a channel
Shelf Life: The time for which chemicals and other materials can be stored before becoming
unusable due to age or deterioration.
September 1992 E-7
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Appendix E
I ,i i i ,11 ....... in ( 'inn ..... 1 1| i,i 1 'i , i ii 1 ..... ..... i I ..... " nu v i ill 111 i A
Significant materials, as defined at 122.26(b)(12) include, but are not limited to:
V I | || | | | I ......... | ......... II Illl ......... Ill ....... I1,I|I||||I|I II|I|II|IH||I II I III ..... ll I I ....... II ! ( 'III II III I I I 1 ..... 1 ..... II ...... (II ' ...........
• Raw materials; fuels; materials such as solvents, detergents and plastic pellets; finished
materials such as metallic products; raw materials used in food processing or production;
hazardous substances designated under section 101(14) of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Lability Act (CERCLA); any chemical the
facility is required to report pursuant to section 313 of Title III of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA); fertilizers; pesticides; and waste products
'such as ashes, slag, and sludge that have a potential to be released with storm water
discharges.
Slag: Non-metal containing waste leftover from the smelting and refining of metals.
Slide Gate: A device used to control the flow of water through storm water conveyances.
* •> .,
Sloughing: The movement of unstabilized soil layers down a slope due to excess water in the soils.
Sludge: A semi-solid residue from any of a number of air or water treatment processes. Sludge
can be a hazardous waste
U | ,n i , 'I1,, ........... Id ..... Hi1 I..1 ii1 i ' ......... II ........ .......... ' ill "I il" I "III1 1 ........ IIIIIIT
Soil: The unconsolidated mineral and organic material on the immediate surface of the earth that
serves as a natural medium for the growth of plants.
Solids Dewatering: A process for removing excess water from solids to lessen the overall weight
of the wastes.
Source Control: A practice or structural measure to prevent pollutants from entering storm water
runoff or other environmental media
I |H||| , I III l|
i" ,•' i ' 1
. .....................................
I ' 1 ll'Ml'lllll'l I1 I I f I 'I Illl I y II II 'I I I l| I ' I,1 1 I1 || I l||| I If I linnU
1 i ill Win ill ll i ii I I lii ...... l*i' 1 1 Ii U, i I I I [[[
illin ....... i M i ' i I I ill ..... ' ' "
Spent Solvent: A liquid solution that has been used and is no longer capable of dissolving solids,
gases, or liquids
• i i ' ..... ............ U ") il " i ', • ................. t ........ <
Spill Guard: A device used to prevent spills of liquid materials from storage containers.
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures Plan (SPCC): Plan consisting of structures, such as
curbing, and action plans to prevent and respond to spills of hazardous substances as defined
in the Clean Water Act.
Stopcock Valve: A small valve for stopping or controlling the flow of water or other liquid through
a pipe.
Storm Drain: A slotted opening leading to an underground pipe or an open ditch for carrying
surface runoff. ,
ill ...... IN ' Wi* ii ..... I mil" ii iiii
..... , ..... ................................. .........
ii i 11,1 U i ' i li|||hi 1 1 'I'jlti \
Storm Water: Runoff from a storm event, snow melt runoff, and surface runoff and drainage.
Storm Water Discharge Associated with Industrial Activity: The discharge from any conveyance
which is used for collecting and conveying storm water and which is directly related to
manufacturing, processing or raw materials storage areas at an industrial plant. The term does
not include discharges from facilities or activities excluded from the NPDES program under 40
CFR Part 1 22. For the categories of industries identified in subparagraphs (i) through (x) of
this subsection, the term' includes, but is not limited to, storm water discharges from industrial
plant yards; immediate access roads and rail lines used or traveled by carriers of raw materials,
manufactured products, waste material, or by-products used or created by the facility; matenal
handling sites; refuse sites, sites used for the application or disposal of process waste waters
E-8 September 1992
i i i i M in i i IIP MI' , .
-------
Appendix E
(as defined at 40 CFR 401); sites used for the storage and maintenance of material handling
* equipment, sites used for residual treatment, storage, or disposal, shipping and receiving areas;
manufacturing buildings; storage areas (including tank farms) for raw materials, and
intermediate and finished products, and areas where industrial activity has taken place in the
past and significant materials remain and are exposed to storm water. For the categories of
industries identified in subparagraph (xi), the term includes only storm water discharges from
all the areas (except access roads and tail lines) that are listed in the previous sentence where
material handling equipment or activities, raw materials, intermediate products, final products,
waste material, by-products, or industrial machinery are exposed to storm water For the
purposes of this paragraph, material handling activities include the. storage, loading and
unloading, transportation, or conveyance of any raw material, intermediate product, finished
product, by-product or waste product. The term excludes areas located on plant lands
separate from the plant's industrial activities, such as office buildings and accompanying
parking lots as long as the drainage from the excluded areas is not mixed with storm water
drained from the above described areas. Industrial facilities (including industrial facilities that
are Federally, State, or municipally owned or operated that meet the description of the facilities
listed in this paragraph (i)-(xi) include those facilities designated under the provision of
122.26(a)(1)(v). The following categories of facilities are considered to be engaging in
"industrial activity" for purposes of this subsection:
(i) Facilities subject to storm water effluent limitations guidelines, new source performance
standards, or toxic pollutant effluent standards under 40 CFR Subchapter N (except facilities
with toxic pollutant effluent standards which are excepted under category (xi) of this
paragraph),
(H) Facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 24 (except 2434), 26 (except 265
and 267), 28 (except 283 and 285) 29, 311, 32 (except 323), 33, 3441, 372;
(HI) Facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 10 though 14 (mineral industry)
including active or inactive mining operations (except for areas of coal mining operations no
longer meeting the definition of a reclamation area under 40 CFR 434.11(1) because the
performance bond issued to the facility by the appropriate SMCRA authority has been released,
or except for areas of non-coal mining operations which have been released from applicable
State or Federal reclamation requirements after December 17, 1990 and oil and gas
exploration, production, processing, or treatment operations, or transmission facilities that
discharge storm water contaminated by contact with or that has come into contact with, any
overburden, raw material, intermediate products, finished products, byproducts or waste
products located on the site of such operations, (inactive mining operations are mining sites
that are not being actively mined, but which have an identifiable owner/operator, inactive
mining sites do not include sites where mining claims are being maintained prior to
disturbances associated with the extraction, beneficiation, or processing of mined matenals,
nor sites where minimal activities are undertaken for the sole purpose of maintaining mining
claim);
(iv) Hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities, including those that are
operating under interim status or a permit under Subtitle C of RCRA;
(v) Landfills, land application sites, and open dumps that receive or have received any industrial
wastes (waste that is received from any of the facilities described under this subsection)
including those that are subject to regulation under Subtitle D of RCRA;
(vi) Facilities involved in the recycling of materials, including metal scrapyards, battery
reclaimers, salvage yards, and automobiles junkyards, including but limited to those classified
as Standard Industrial Classification 5015 and 5093;
(VH) Steam electric power generating facilities, including coat handling sites,
(viii) Transportation facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 40, 41, 42 (except
4221-25), 43, 44, 45, and 5171 which have vehicle maintenance shops, equipment cleaning
operations, or airport deicmg operations Only those portions of the facility that are either
involved in vehicle maintenance (including vehicle rehabilitation, mechanical repairs, painting,
fueling, and lubrication), equipment cleaning operations, airport deicmg operations, or which
September 1992 E-9
-------
Appendix E
are otherwise identified under paragraphs (O-(vii) or (ix)-(xi) of this subsection are associated
with industrial activity;
(ix) Treatment works treating domestic sewage or any other sewage sludge or wastewater
treatment device or system, used in the storage treatment, recycling, and reclamation of
municipal or domestic sewage, including land dedicated to the disposal of sewage sludge that
are located within the confines of the facility, with a design flow of 1.0 mgd or more, or
required to have an approved pretreatment program under 40 CFR 403. Not included are farm
lands, domestic gardens or lands used for sludge management where sludge is beneficially
reused and which are not physically located in the confines of the facility, or areas that are in
compliance with Section 405 of the CWA;
(x) Construction activity including clearing, grading and excavation activities except:
operations that result in the disturbance of less than five acres of total land area which are not
part of a larger common plan of development or sale,
(xi) Facilities under Standard Industrial Classification 20, 21, 22, 23, 2434, 25, 265, 267, 27,
283, 285, 30, 31 (except 311), 323, 34 (except 3441), 35, 36, 37 (except 373), 38, 39,
4221-25, (and which are not otherwise included within categories (n)-(x));
Note: The Transportation Act of 1991 provides an exemption from storm water permitting
requirements for certain facilities owned or operated by municipalities with a
population of less than 100,000. Such municipalities must submit storm water
"discharge permit applications for only airports, power plants, and uncontrolled sanitary
landfills that they own or operate, unless a permit is otherwise required by the
permitting authority.
Subsoil: The bed or stratum of earth lying below the surface soil.
' '' * ;
Sump: A pit or tank that catches liquid runoff for drainage or disposal
Surface Impoundment: Treatment, storage, or disposal of liquid wastes in ponds.
Surface Water: All water naturally open to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, streams,
wetlands impoundments, seas, estuaries, etc.); also refers to springs, wells, or other collectors
which are directly influenced by surface water.
Swale: An elongated depression in the land surface that is at least seasonally wet, is usually
heavily vegetated, and is normally without flowing water. Swales direct storm water flows
into primary drainage channels and allow some of the storm water to infiltrate into the ground
surface. r
Tarp: A sheet of waterproof canvas or other material used to cover and protect materials,
equipment, or vehicles.
Topography: The physical features of a surface area including relative elevations and the position
of natural and human-made features.
Toxic Pollutants: Any pollutant listed as toxic under Section 501 (aid) or, in the case of "sludge
use or disposal practices," any pollutant identified in regulations implementing Section 405(d)
of the CWA. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix D.
Treatment: The act of applying a procedure or chemicals to a substance to remove undesirable
pollutants.
Tributary: A river or stream that flows into a larger river or stream
E-10 September 1992
-------
Appendix E
Underground Storage Tanks (USTs): Storage tanks with at least 10>percent or more of its storage
capacity underground (the complete regulatory definition is at 40 CFR Part 280 12).
Waste: Unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing or other process
Water Table* The depth or level below which the ground is saturated with water.
Waters of the United States:
"(a) All waters, which are currently used, were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use
in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of
the tide; *
(b) All interstate waters, including interstate "wetlands;"
(c) All other waters such as intrastate lakes, nvers, streams (including intermittent streams),
mudflats, sandflats, "wetlands," sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or
natural ponds, the use, degradation, or destruction of which would affect or could affect
interstate or foreign commerce including any such waters*
(1) Which are or could be used by mtei state or foreign travelers for recreational or other
purposes,
(2) From which fish or shellfish are or could be taken and sold in interstate or foreign
commerce, or
(3) Which are used or could be used for industrial purposes by industries in interstate
commerce;
(d) All impoundments of waters otherwise defined as waters of the United States under this
definition,
(e) Tributaries of waters identified in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this definition;
(f) The territorial sea, 'and
(g) "Wetlands" adjacent to waters (other than waters that are themselves wetlands) identified
in paragraphs (a) through (f) of this definition^
Waste treatment systems, including treatment ponds or lagoons designed to meet the
requirements of CWA (other than cooling ponds as defined in 40 CFR 423 11 (m) which also
meet the criteria of this definition) are not waters of the United States This exclusion applies
only to manmade bodies of water which neither were originally created in waters of the United
States (such as disposal area in wetlands) nor resulted from the impoundment pf waters of the
United States
Waterway: A channel for the passage or flow of water.
Wet Well: A chamber used to collect water or other liquid and to which a pump is attached
/
Wetlands: An area that is regularly saturated by surface or ground water and subsequently is
characterized by a prevalence of vegetation that is adapted for life in saturated soil conditions.
Examples include swamps, bogs, fen:,, marshes, and estuaries
Wmd Break: Any device designed to block wind flow and intended for protection against any ill
effects of wind.
September 1992 E-11
-------
Appendix F
APPENDIX F
LIST OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND REPORTABLE QUANTITIES
-------
ApponcffxF
LIST OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND RIEPORTABLE QUANTITIES
40 CFR 302 4 and 117 ''
Note All comments are located at the end of this table
Hazardous Substance
\cenaphthene
\cenap*hthylane
icetaldehyde
\cetaldehyde, chloro-
teetaldehyde, trichloro-
Xcetamide, N-
aminothioxomethyl)-
Xcetamide, N-(4-ethoxyphenyO-
taetamide, 2-fkioro-
\cetamide, N-9H-fluoren-2-yl-
Vcetic acid
Xcetic acid (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-
Vcetic Acid, k>ad(2+) ealt
Acetic acid, thalliumd +) salt
teetic acid (2,4,6-
nchlorophenoxy)-
\cetic acid, ethyl aster
Acetic acid, fkjoro-, codium salt
\cetic anhydride
\cetone
Xcetone cyanohydnn
Xcetonitnle
\eetophenone
2-AcetyIaminofhJorena
Xcetyl bromide
fteetyl chloride
1 -Acetyl-2-thiolirea
^crolein
Acrylamide
CASRN
83329
2O8968
75070
1072OO
76876
691082
62442
640197
63963
64197
94767
301O42
663688
93766
141786
62748
108247
67641
76866
76068
88862
63963
606967
76366
691082
107028
79061
Regulatory Synonyms
Etriaruil
Chloroacetaldahyde
Chloral
1 -Acetyl-2-thiourea
Phanacetin
Fluoroacetamide
2-Acetylammofluorene
2,4-D Acid
2,4-D, salts and asters
Lead acetate
Thullium(l) acetate
2,4,5-T
2,4,6-T acid
Ethyl acetate
Fkioroecetic acid, sodium salt
2-FVopanone
Propanenitnle, 2-hydroxy-2-
vnethyl-2-Methyllactonitnle
Ethanone, 1-phonyl-
Acinamide, N-9H-fkioren-2-yl-
Acutamide, N-
laminothioxomethyl)-
2-Propanal
2-Propanamido
Statutory
RQ
1»
!•
1000
1»
!•
1«
l»
l«
1»
1OOO
100
5000
1»
100
1»
1«
1OOO
1«
1O
1»
1-
1«
6000
6000
1-
1
1»
CcMtet
2
2
1,4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1.4
1,4
4
1,4
4
4
1
4
1.4
4
4
4
1
1,4
4
1,2,4
4
RCRA
WMt«*
U001
PO23
U034
P002
U187
P067
U005
U240
U144
U214
U232
U112
POB8
UO02
PO69
U003
UOO4
UO06
UO06
PO02
POOS
U007
•Fmal RQ
Cate-
gory
B
0
C
C
D
C
B
B
X
o
B
B
C
D
A
D
D
A
D
D
X
D
D
C
X
D
Pound* (Kg)
100 (46 4)
6000 (2270)
1000 (464)
1OOO (464)
6000 (2270)
1OOO (464)
1OO(464)
100 (46 4)
1 (0464)
6OOO (2270)
1OO (46 4)
*
100(464)
1000 (464)
6000 (2270)
10 (4 64)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
10 (4 64)
6OOO (2270) ,
6000 (2270)
1(0464)
6000 (2270)
60OO (2270)
1000 (464)
1 (0 464)
6000 (2270)
eptember 1992
F-1
-------
Appendix F
, , i "i 11 iiiiiiiiipiifiiiiiii
ill nil"!
ildli Pi lull) p ' 11'nil liillll
i« MI . • i i
. *
Hazardous Substance
Acrylic acid
AwytonHrB*
Acfipfc acid
Atdtearb
AMrin
AM alcohol
Any] chtor Ida
Aluminum pho*ph!d«
Aluminum eutfate
5 (Amloomathyn-3-iaoxazoloI
4-AminopyrkRna
Amttrol*
Ammonia
Ammonium acatata
Ammonium benzoate
Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium bichromate
Ammonium btftuonde
Ammonium biautfite
Ammonium carbamata
Ammonium carbonata
Ammonium chtocide
Ammonium chromata
Ammonium chrata, dibaate
Ammonium fkioborata
Ammonium fluoride
Ammonium hydroxide
Ammonium oxalate
CASRN
79107
107131
124049
116063
3090O2
1O7186
107051
20859738
10O43013
2763964
6O4245
61825
7664417
631618
1863634
1066337
7789095
1341497
10192300
1111780
E06876
12126029
7788989
3012655
13826830
1212GO18
1336216
6009707
Regulatory Synonyms
2-Propenoic acid
2-Propenenrtrito
Propanal, 2-methyl-2-
(m«thytthio)-,O-[(mathylamino)
carbonylloxime
1 ,4,6,8-Dimetha no naphthalene,
1 ,2,3.4, 1 0, 1 0-1 O-hexachloro-
1 ,4,4a,6,8,8a-hexahydro-,
(1 alpha,4-
-------
AppantBxF
. V
Hazardous Substance
nmonium picrate
nmonium silicofluonde
nmonium eutfamate
•nmonium sutftde
•nmonium «utfrte
nmonium tartrate
[nmonium thiocyanate
mmonium vanadate
myl acetate
so-Amyl acetate
tec-Amyl acetate
ert-Amyl acetate
mime
nthracene
ntimonytt
NTIMONY AND COMPOUNDS
ntimony pentachlonde
ntimony potassium tartrate
ntimony tnbromide
.ntimony trichloride
intimony trif hioride
tntimony tnoxide
trgentated-), bts(cyano-C)-,
otassium
tractor 1O16
Vroclor 1221
Xroclor 1232
CASRN
6972736
14268492
131748
16919190
7773060
12136761
10196040
14307438
3164292
1762964
7803666
628637
123922
626380
626161
62633
120127
7440360
N/A
7647189
28300746
7789619
1O026919
7783664
1309644
6O6616
12674112
111O4282
11141166
t
Regulatory Synonyms
Phenol, 2,4,6-trmrtro-, ammonium
•ah
Vanadic acid, ammonium salt
Benzenamme
Potassium silver cyanide
POIYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POl.YCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
Statutory
RQ
60OO
60OO
1«
1000
6000
6000
6OOO
6000
6000
6000
1»
1OOO
1OOO
1OOO
1OOO
1OOO
1»
1-
1»
1000
1OOO
1OOO
1000
1000
6000
1«
10
10
10
Cod*t
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1.4
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1.2
1.2
1.2
MCRA
WMU*
PO09
P119
U012
1
P099
final RQ
Ceu-
«ocy
D
D
A
C
D
B
D
D
D
D
C
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
C
B
C
C
C
C
X
X
X
X
Pounds (Kg)
600O (2270)
6000 (2270)
10 14.64)
1000 1464)
6000 (2270)
100 (46.4)
6OOO (2270)
60OO (2270)
60OO (2270)
6000 (2270)
1OOO (464)
6OOO (2270)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
6OOO (2270)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
• •
1000 (464).
100(464)
1OOO (464)
1000(464)
1OOO (464)
1000 (464)
1 (0.464)
1 (O.464)
1(0464)
1 (0464)
ptember 1992
F-3
-------
Appsndtx F
^ \
Hazardous Substance
ArocJor 1242
Arodor 1248
Aroctor 12E4
ArocJor 1260
ArsanJctt
Araanic •cki
ArsanJc acid H3AsO4
ARSENIC AND COMPOUNDS
ArMn!c dttuHtde
Araenic oxide Ac2O3
ArssnSc oxlda A«2O5
Arsenic pantoxWa
Arsante trichloride
Arsenic trioxkta
Arsenic tri«utftdo
Arsloe, diethyl-
Arcfoic acid, dimathyl-
Ar«onou« dichlofido, phenyl-
Asbettotttt
Auramina
Azaserine
Azridin*
AzirWlne, 2-methyl-
A2Wool2'.3':3.4]pyrrok>n ,2-
a]indof«-4,7-dtone,6-amlno-8-
[i(am1nocarbonyk>oxy]mathyn-
1,1 a,2,8.8a,8b-hexahydrc-8a-
m*tboxy-5-mathyi-.1 1 aS-
( 1 aa1ph«,8bflta,8«a!pha,8balpha))-
CASRN
E346921S
12672296
11097691
11096825
7440382
1327522
7778394
1327522
7778394
N/A
1303328
1327633
1303282
1303282
7784341
1327633
1303339
692422
75605
696286
1332214
492808
116026
161664
76558
60077
Regulatory Synonyms
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
Arsenic acid H3AsO4
Arsenic acid
Arsenic tnoxide
Arsenic pentoxide
Arsenic oxide As2O6
Arsenic oxide As2O3
Diethylarsme
Cacodylic acid
Dichlorophenylaraina
Benzanamina, 4,4'-
carbonimidoylbis (N,N-dimethyl-
L-Senne, dmzoacetate (aster)
Ethylemmine
1 ,2-Propytenimine
Mitomycln C
• Statutory
RQ
10
10
10
10
1»
1»
1«
1"
!•
6000
6000
6000
6000
6OOO
6000
5000
1»
1«
1»
1«
1»
1'
1»
1«
1»
Codat
1,2
1.2
1.2
1.2
2,3
4
4
4
2
1
1.4
1.4
1.4
1
1.4
1
4
4
4
2,3
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Waeta*
P010
PO10
P010
P012
P011
P011
P012
P038
U136
P036
U014
U015
P054
P067
U010
Final RQ
Cata-
gory
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
X
X
X
A
Pound* (Kg)
1 (0 464)
1 (0 464)
1 (0464)
1 (0464)
1 (0 464)
1 (0 464)
1 (0 464)
1(0464)
• •
1 (0464)
1 (0454)
1 (0464)
1 (0 464)
1 (0 454)
1 (0454)
1 (0 454)
1 (0 464)
1 (0.464)
1 (0 464)
1 (0 454)
1OO (46 4)
1 (0 454)
1 (0 454)
1 (0 464)
10 (4 64)
1 III I I I I 111 11 ll III1
i jiiii nib HIM i«i11
F-4
September 1994
-------
AftpandfxF
» \
Hazardous Substance
urn cyanide
izlllaceanthrylene, 1 ,2-dihydro-
lethyl-
iz(c)acr!dma
izal chloride
izamtde, 3,B-dichloro-N-(1,1-
iethyl-2-propynyl)-
izlalanthracene
•Benzanthracene
izfalanthracene, 7,12-dimethyl
izenamme
nzenamme, 4,4'-
bonimidoylbis (N,N-dimethyl-
nzenamme, 4-chloro-
;
nzenamme, 4-chloro-2-methyl-,
drochlonde
nzenamme, N,N-dimethyl-
>henylazo-)
nzenamme, 2-methyl-
nzenamme, 4-methyl-
nzenamine, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-
loro-
nzenamme, 2-methyl-,
drochlonde
inzenamme, 2-methyl-5-nitro
mzenamine, 4-nitro-
inzene
mzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro-
>ha-(4-chlorophenyl)-alpha-
rdroxy-, ethyl ester
snzene, 1-bromo-4-phenoxy-
anzenebutanoic qcid,
[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-
enzene, chloro-
enzene, chloromethyl-
CASRN
542621
56495
225514
98873
23960685
66653
66653
67976
62533
492808
106478
3165933
60117
95534
106490
101144
636215
99558
1O0016
71432
510156
101653
306033
108907
1O0447
Regulatory Synonyms
3-Methylcholanthrene
/
Benzene, dichloromethyl-
Promimide
Benzotalanthracene
1 ,2-E)enzanthracene
Benzlalanthracene
Benzo[a]anthracene
7,1 2-Dimethylbonz(a]anthracene
Aniline
Auramme
p-Chloroanilme
4-Chloro-o-toluidine, hydrochloride
p-Dimethylammoazobenzene
o-Toluidme
p-Toluidme
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroanilmo)
o-Toluidme hydrochloride
5-Nitro-o-totuidme
p-Ntlroaniline
Chlorobanzilate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Chtorambucil
Chlcrobanzene
Benzyl chloride
Statutory
RQ
10
1»
1»
1«
1»
1»
1»
1«
1000
1«
i«
1*
1»
i«
1*
T
1«
1«
1«
1OOO
1»
1»
1«
100
100
Cod*!
1,4
4
4
4
4
2.4
2,4
4
1.4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1.2.
3,4
4
2,4
4
1^,4
1.4
RCRA
WMU*
P013
U157
U016
U017
U192
U018
U018
U094
U012
U014
P024
U049
U093
U328
U363
U158
U222
U181
P077
U1O9
U038
U030
U035
UO37
P028
Final RQ
Cat*-
«ory
A
A
B
0
O
A
A
X
D
B
C
B
A
B
B
A
B
B
D
A
A
B
A
B
B
Pound* (Kg)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
100(454)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
10 (4.64)
10 (4 54)
1 (0 464)
6000 (2270)
10O (46 4)
1OOO(464)
100 (45 4)
10 (4 64)
100(454)
100(454)
1O (4 64)
1OO(454)
1OO (46 4)
6000 (2270)
10 (4 64)
10 (4.64)
• 100 (45 4)
10 (4 64)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
ptember 1992
F-5
-------
AppttidfxF
- *
Hazardous Substance
Banzanediamln, ar-mathyl-
1,2-8*nzentdic*rboxytic acid.
dlocty) attar
1,2-Banzanadicarboxyik; acid,
fbte(2-*thy«>txyi)l-««t«r
1,2-Banzanadicarboxyfic acid,
dibutyl attar
1,2-Benzanedlcarboxytk: acid,
dJathyl attar
1,2-BenzenadicarboxyIic acid,
dimethyl attar
Benzene, 1.2-dtch!oro-
Benxene, 1,3-dtchtoro-
Benzene, 1,4-dichtofo-
Benzene. 1,V-{2,2-
dfcnJoroathylidene)bitI4.chloro-
Benzene, dichtoromathyi-
Benzene, 1.3-diisocyanatomethyl-
Berceene, dimethyl
m Benzene, dimathyl
o-B«nz«n«. dimethyl
p Benzene, dimathyl
1 ,3-Benzanadk>l
1 ,2-B«nzanadk>l,4~[1 -hydroxy-2-
(mathyiamlno)athy)l-
Banzarwathanamlna, alpha.alpha-
dimtthyl-
Banzana, haxachloro-
Banzana, haxahydro-
CASRN
95807
496720
823406
11784O
117817
84742
84662
131113
9B501
641 731
106467
72648
98873
684849
91087
26471626
1330207
108383
96476
106423
108463
61434
122098
1 18741
110827
Regulatory Synonyms
Tokjanadiamine
Di-n-octyl phthalata
Bte (2-«thythexyl)phthalata
Diathylhexyl phthalata
Di-n-butyl phthalata
Dibutyl phthalate
n-Butyl phthalate
Diothyl phthalata
Dimathyl phthalata
o-Oichlorobanzena
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
m-Dtchlorobanzano
1 ,3-Dtchlorobanzana
p-Dichlorobanzana
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzena
ODD
TOE
4,4' ODD
Banzai chloride
Toluene diisocyanate
Xylana (mixad)
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xytene
Rasorcinol
Epinephrine
alpha.alpha-
Dimethylphenathylamina
Haxachlorobanzana
Cyclohaxane
Statutory
RQ
1"
1»
1»
1"
1«
100
1«
1»
100
!•
100
1
1«
1«
1»
1«
1OOO
1OOO
1OOO
1OOO
1OOO
1"
1«
1«
1000
Codat
4
4
4
2.4
2,4
1.2.4
2,4
2,4
1,2,4
2,4
1.2.4
1,2.4
4*
4
4
4
1,4
1.4
1.4
1,4
1,4
4
4
2.4
1,4
RCRA
Waeta*
U221
U221
U221
U107
U028
UO69
U088
U102
U070
U071
U072
U060
U017
U223
U223
U223
U239
U239
U239
U239
U201
P042
PO46
U127
UOB6
Final RQ
Cata-
gory
A
A
A
D
B
A
C
D
B
B
B
X
0
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
D
C
D
A
C
Pound* (Kg)
1O (4 64
10(464
10(464
60OO (2270
100 (46 4)
1O (4 64)
1OOO (464)
6OOO (2270)
1OO (46 4)
100(464)
100(464)
1 (0.464)
6000 (2270)
100 (46 4)
1OO (46 4)
1OO (46 4)
1OOO (464)
10OO (464)
1OOO (464)
10OO (464)
6000 (2270)
1000 (464)
6000 (2270)
10 (4 64)
1OOO (464)
F-6
September 199
-------
Appendix F
•* *
Hazardous Substance
izene, hydroxy-
izene, methyl-
izene, 2-methyl-1,3-dinitro-
izene, 1-methyl-2,4-dinitro-
izene, 1-methylethyl-
izene, nftro-
izene, pentachloro-
izene, pentachloronitro-
izenesutfonic acid chloride
rcenesulfonyl chloride
izene, 1 ,2,4,6-tetrachloro-
izenethio!
wane. 1,V-(2,2,2-tn-
oroethyhdene)bi8[4-chloro-
izene, 1,1'-(tnchloroethylidene)
4-methoxy-
izene, (trichloromethyl)-
izene, 1,3,6-trmitro-
izidine
-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 1,1-
xide
nzolalanthracene
nzolblfhjoranthene
nzo(k)fkioranthena
nzo(],k]fkiorene
-Benzodioxole, 6-(1-propenyD-
-Benzodioxole, B-(2-propenyO-
-Benzodioxole, 5-propyl-
nzoic acid
inzonitrile
inzo(rst]pentaphene
mzolghijperylene
CASRN
108962
108883
606202
121142
98828
98953
608935
82688
98099
98099
96943
108986
60293
72436
98077
99364
92876
81072
56563
206992
2O7O89
206440
120581
94697
94686
66850
1OO470
189569
191242
Regulatory Synonyms
Phenol
Toluene
2,6-Dmitrotoluene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Cumime
Nitrobenzene
Pentochlorobenzene
Penttichloronitrobenzene (PCNB)
Benzanesulfonyl chloride
Benzonesulfonic acid chloride
1 ,2,4 ,5-Tatrachlorobenzene
Thiophenol
DDT
4,4'DDT
Methoxychlor
Banzotrichloride
1 ,3,Ei-Trmitrobenzene
(1,1' Biphenyl)-4,4'diamme
Saccharin and salts
Benzta]anthracene
1 ,2-Elenzanthracane
Fluoranthene
s
Isosafrole
Safrole
Dihydrosafrole
Dibenz[a,i]pyrane
Statutory
RQ
1OOO
1OOO
1OOO
1OOO
1»
1OOO
1«
r
!•
1»
1»
1«
1
1
!•
!•
1»
1«
1-
1»
1«
1»
!•
1*
1«
6OOO
1000
1»
T
Cmtet
1,2,4
1,2.4
1.2,4
1,2.4
4
1.2.4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1.2.4
1.4
4
4
2.4
4
2.4
2
2
2,4
4
4
4
1
1
4
2
RCRA
Waste*
U188
U220
U1O6
U106
U065
U169
U183
U186
U020
U020
U207
PO14
U061
U247
U023
U234
U021
U202
U018
U120
U141
U203
U090
U064
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
-C
C
B
A
D
C
A
B
B
B
D
B
X
X
A
A
X
B
A
X
D
B
B
B
A
D
D
A
D
Pound. OCfl)
1000 (464)
1000(464)
100(464)
10 (4 64)
EOtiO (2270)
1000(454)
10(464)
100(454)
1OO (46.4)
100 (46.4)
6000 (2270)
1OO (46 4)
1 (0 464)
1 (0464)
10(454)
1O (4 664)
1 (O 464)
1OO (46 4)
10 (4 64)
1 (0 464)
6OOO (2270)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
100(464)
10 (4 64)
6000 (2270)
BOOO (227O)
1O (4 64)
6OOO (227O)
rtember 1992
F-7
-------
Appendix F
*
Hazardous Substance
2H-1 Banzopyran-2-one, 4-
hydroxy-3-{3-oxo-1-phenyi butyl)-,
& »ihe, wh«n present at
concentrations greater than O 3%
B*nzo!a]pyran*
3,4-Benzopyrane
p-Bsnzoquinone
BenzotriehJoride
Bsnzoyl chloride
1,2-Benzphenanthrene
Benzyl chloride
BaryHwmtt
BERYLLIUM AND COMPOUNDS
Beryllium chloride
Beryllium dutttt
BeryUtum fluoride
Beryllium nitrate
alpha BHC
beta BHC
detta-BHC
gamma BHC
2,2'-Bioxtrana
(1.1 '-B!phanylt-4.4'diam!ne
n.V-BIphenylJ-
4.4'diamine.3,3'dichloro-
I1,1'-B*>henyIJ-
4,4'diamSne,3,3'd!methoxy-
( 1 . 1 '-BiphenylJ-4,4'-d»amJne,3,3'-
dimethyl-
CASRN
81812
E0328
60328
106614
98077
98884
218019
10O447
7440417
N/A
778747B
7440417
7787497
13597994
7787BB5
319846
3198B7
319868
68899
1464636
92876
91941
119904
119937
Regulatory Synonyms
Warfarin, & salt*, whan preaent at
concentrations greater than O 3%
3,4-Banzopyrena
Benzolalpyrene
2,6-Cyclohaxadieno-1 ,4-dione
Benzene, (trichloronrwthyl)-
Chrysene
Benzene, chloromethyl-
Beryllium dust tt
i
BerylliumTt
Cyclohexane, 1 ,2,3,4.6,6-
haxachloro-,( 1 alpha, 2a(pha,3beta,
4alpha,6alpha,6 bata)-
Hexachlorocyclohaxane (gamma
icomer)
Lindane
1 .2 3.4-D!epoxybutarw
Benzidine
3,3'-Dichlorob«nzidine
3,3'-Dimathoxybenzidine
/
3,3'-Dimathylbenzidine
Statutory
RQ
1-
1»
1«
!•
1*
1000
1»
100
1»
l«
6000
1»
6OOO
6000
6000
1«
1«
1«
1
1"
1«
!•
1»
T
Cadet
4
2,4
2,4
4
4
1
2,4
1.4
2.3,4
2
1
2,3.4
1
1
1
2
2
2
1.2,4
4
2,4
2.4
4
4
RCRA
Weete*
PO01
U022
U022
U197
U023
U060
P028
PO16
PO16
U129
U086
U021
U073
U091
U096
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
X
X
A
A
C
B
B
A
X
A
X
X
X
A
X
X
X
A
X
X
B
A
Pounde (Kg)
100(464)
1 (0 464)
1 (0 464)
10 (4 64)
1O (4 64)
10OO (464)
100(464)
100(464)
10 (4 64)
**
1 (0 464)
10 (4 64)
1 (0 464)
1 (0464)
1 (0 464)
10 (4 64)
1 (0 464)
1 (0 464)
1 (0 464)
10 (4 64)
1 (0464)
1 (0464)
100(464)
1O (4 64)
F-8
September 1992
-------
Appendix F
*• ^
Hazardous Substance
2-chloroethyl) ether
-chloroethoxy) methane
2-ethylhexyDphthalate
noacetone
noform
•omophenyl phenyl ether
sine
-Butadiene, 1,1,2,3,4,4-
achloro-
utanamine, N-butyl-N-nitroso-
utanol
utanone
utanone peroxide
utanone, 3,3-dimethyl-1-
rthytthio)-, OKmethylamino)
bonyl] oxime
utenal
utene, 1 ,4-dichloro-
utenoic acid, 2-methyl, 7112,3-
iydroxy-2-t 1 -methoxyethyl)-3-
ithyl- 1 -oxobutoxy] methyl] -
,6,7a-tetrahydro-1 H-pyrrolizm-
rfester. [IS-HalphafZ),
2S-.3R-),7aalpha]]-
ityl acetate
Bo-Butyl acetate
tec-Butyl acetate
art-Butyl acetate
Butyl alcohol
jtylamine
so-Butytamme
CASRN
111444
111911
117817
698312
76262
101663
357673
87683
924163
71363
78933
1338234
39196184
123739
4170303
764410
303344
123864
110190
106464
640886
71363
109739
78819
Regulatory Synonyms
Oichloroethyl ethor
Ethan-), 1,1'-oxybisl2-chloro-
Dichloromethoxy ethane
Ethanit, I.l'-Imethylenebis(oxy)]
bis(2-( hloro-
Diethylhexyl phthalate
1 .2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,
(bie{2 ethylhexyl)] ester
2-Propanone, 1-bromo-
Methtine, tnbromo
Benzene, 1-bromo-4-phenoxy-
Strychnidm-10-one, 2,3-
dimethoxy-
Hexarhlorobutadiene
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamme
n-Butyl alcohol
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
Thiofonox
Crotonaldehyde
1 ,4-ClichIoro-2-buf ens
Lasiocarpme
1-Butanol
Statutory
RQ
\m
1«
1*
l«
!•
1«
!•
1-
1-
1*
1*
1*
1»
100
f
1*
6000
6000
6OOO
60OO
!•
10OO
1OOO
Codct
2,4
2,4
2,4
4
2.4
2,4
4
2,4
4
4
4
4
4
1,4
4
4
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
RCRA
Waste*
U026
U024
U028
P017
U226
U030
P018
U128
U172
U031
U169
U160
PO46
U063
U074
U143
U031
Final RQ
Cat*-
«ory
A
C
B
C
B
B
B
X
A
V
D
A
B
B
X
A
O
D
D
D
D
C
C
Pound* (Kg)
10 (4 64)
1000 (464)
1OO(464)
1000 (454)
100 (46 4)
100 (45.4)
100 (46.4)
~ 1 (0464)
10 (4 64)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
10(4B4)
100(464)
100(464)
1 (0 464)
1O (4.641
6000 (227O)
6000 (2270)
6OOO (2270)
6000 (2270)
BOOO (2270)
1000 (464)
1OOO (464)
ptember 1992
F-9
-------
liim il iilllllliiiililliiniil'llli11
Appendix F
*
Hazardous Substance
eec-Butylamine
tert-Butylamine
Butyl benzyl phthalate
n-Butyl phthalate
Butyric acid
leo-Butyric acid
Cacodylio acfd
CadrniumtT
Cadmium acetate
CADMIUM AND COMPOUNDS
Cadmium bromide
Cadmium chloride
Calcium «ri8nato
Calcium araantte
Calcium carbide
Calcium chromate
Calcium cyanide
Calcium cyanide Ca(CN)2
Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Calcium hypochlorrte
Camphene, octachtcfo-
Captan
Carbamic acid, ethyl eater
Carbarnlc acid, mathylnftroto-,
ethyl attar
Carbamic chtoride, dimethyl-
Ctfb«modithk)ic acid, 1,2-
ethanediylbi*, aattc & ettere
Carbamothiofe acid, bi«{1-
methyletnvIK S-(2,3-dteh-loro-2-
pro-penyl) ecter
CASRN
B 13496
13952846
76649
86687
84742
107826
79312
76606
7440439
643908
N/A
7789426
10108642
7778441
E2740166
76207
13766190
692018
692018
26264062
7778643
8001362
133062
61796
616632
79447
111646
2303164
Regulatory Synonyms
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Dibutyl phthalate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,
dibutyl ester
Araintc acid, dimethyl-
Chromic acid H2CrO4, calcium salt
Calcium cyanide Ca(CN)2
Calcium cyanide
Toxaphene
Ethyl carbamate (urethane)
N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane
Oimethylcarbamoyl chloride
EthylerMbicdithiocarbamic acid,
salts & esters
Oiallate
Statutory
RQ
1000
1000
1000
i»
100
6000
1»
1-
100
!•
100
100
1000
1000
6000
1000
10
10
1000
100
1
10
1«
1«
1«
1«
1"
Cedet
1
1
1
2
1.2.4
1
4
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1,4
1.4
1.4
1
1
1.2,4
1
4
4
4
4
4
KCRA
WeeteD
U069
U136
U032
PO21
P021
PI 23
U238
U178
U097
U114
U062
Final RQ
Cart-
gory
C
C
C
B
A
D
X
A
A
A
A
X
X
A
A
A
A
C
A
X
A
B
X
X
D
B
PoundefKg)
1000 (464)
10OO (464)
1000 (464)
100(464)
1O (4 64)
6000 (2270)
1 (0464)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
• •
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
1 (0.464)
1 (0.464)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
1000 (464)
10 (4.64)
1 (0.464)
10 (4 64)
10O (46 4)
1 (0464)
1 (0.464)
6000 (2270)
100 (46 4)
F-10
September 1992
-------
Appendix F
* »
Hazardous Substance
arbaryl
arbofuran
arbon disutfide
arbon oxyfkionde
arbon tetrachlonde
arbonic acid, drthelliumU + ) «att
arbonlc dichlonde
arbonic drfkionde
arbonochloridic acid, methyl aster
Moral
hlorambucil
'hlordane
.HLORDANE (TECHNICAL
FIXTURE AND METABOLITES)
Chlordane, alpha & gamma
somers
Chlordane, technical
CHLORINATED BENZENES
CHLORINATED ETHANES
CHLORINATED NAPHTHALENE
CHLORINATED PHENOLS
Chlorine
Chlornaphazine
Chloroacetaldehyde
CASRN
63252
1663662
75150
363504
66235
653739
76445
3536O4
79221
76876
305033
67749
N/A
57749
57749
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7782505
494031
10720O
^
Regulatory Synonyms
Carbonic difhionde
Methane, tetrachloro-
Thallium(l) carbonate
Phosgene
Carbon oxyf luonde
Meiihyl chlorocarbonate
Methyl chloroformate
Acotatdehyde, trichloro-
Benzenebutanoic acid, 4-{bis(2-
chloroethyliamino]-
Chlordane, alpha & gamma
isomers
Chlordane, technical
4,7-Methano- 1 H-mdene,
1 ,2,4,6,6,7,8,8-octachloro-
2,3,3a,4.7.7a-hexehydro-
Chlordane
Chlordane, technical
4,7-Methano-1 H-indene.
1 ,2,4,6,6,7,8,8-octachloro-
2,3 ,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-
Chlordane
Chlordane, alpha & gamma
isomers
4,7-Methano- 1 H-indene,
1 .2 ,4,6,6,7.8,8-octachloro-
2,3>,3a,4,7,7a-hexahyrdo-
Naphthalenamme, N,N'-bis(2-
chloroethyl)-
Aoataldehyde, chloro-
Statutory
RQ
100
10
BOOO
1«
GOOD
1»
BOOO
1-
1"
1»
1»
1
1»
1
1
T
1»
1«
!•
10
1»
!•
Cod«t
1
1
1.4
4
1,2,4
4
1,4
4
4
4
4
1.2,4
2
1.2.4
1.2,4
2
2
2
2
1
4
4
RCRA
WMt«*
P022
U033
U211
U216
P095
U033
U156
U034
U03B
UO36
U036
U036
U026
P023
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
A
B
C
A
B
A
C
C
D
A
X
X
X
A
B
C
Pound* (Kg)
100(464)
10 (4 64)
100 (46 4)
1000 (464)
10 (4 64)
100 (46.4)
10 (4.64)
1OOO (464)
1000 (464)
6000 (2270)
10 (4 64)
1 (0 464)
• •
1 (0464)
1 (0 464)
• •
• *
• •
*•
10(464)
1OO (46.4)
1OOO (454)
eptember 1992
F-11
-------
Appendix F
. \.
Hazardous Substance
CHLOROAUKYL ETHERS
p Chtoroaniline
Chlofobanzena
Chlorobanzllate
4-Chtoro-m-cresol
p-Chlofo m crasol
Chtorodibromomathane
Chtoroethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Chloromathyi methyl other
beta Chloronaphthalene
2-Chloroniphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
o-Chtorophanol
4 Chlorophanyl phanyl ather
1-(o-Chtorophanyl)thk>urea
3-Chloropropionttrilo
ChlorosuHonlc acid
4-Chloro-o-toluIdine, hydrochloride
Cnlorpyrifoe
Chromic acatate
Chromic acid
Chromic acid H2CrO4, calcium aalt
Chromic cutfate
Chromiomtt
CASRN
N/A
106478
108907
61O166
69607
69507
124481
76003
110768
67663
107302
9\687
91687
96678
96678
7O05723
6344821
642767
7790946
3166933
2921882
1066304
11116746
7738946
13766190
10101638
7440473
Regulatory Synonyms
Benzenamine, 4-chloro-
Benzene, chloro-
Benzenaacetic acid, 4-chloro-
•!pha-(4-chloro-phanyl)-alpha-
hydroxy-, ethyl aater
p-Chtoro-m-cresol
Phenol, 4-chloio-3-methyl
Phenol, 4-chloi-o-3-methyl-
4-Chloro-m-cresol
Ethane, 2-chloroethoxy-
Methane, tnchloro-
Methane, chloromethoxy-
Naphthalene, 2-chloro-
2-Chloronaphthalane
beta-Chloronephthalane
Naphthalene, 2-chloro-
o-Chlorophenol
Phenol, 2-chloro-
Phenol, 2-chloro-
2-Chlorophenol
Thiourea, (2-chlorophenyl)-
Propanenitnle, 3-chloro-
Benzenamine, 4-chloro-2-methyl-,
hydrochlonde
Calcium chromate
Statutory
RQ
1«
1»
100
1«
!•
1«
1«
1*
1«
6000
1»
T
!•
1-
1«
!•
1»
1«
1000
!•
1
1000
1000
10OO
1OOO
1000
T
Codat
2
4
1.2.4
4
2.4
2.4
2
2
2,4
1.2,4
4
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
2
4
4
1
4
1
1
1
1
1,4
r
2
RCftA
Waata*
P024
U037
U038
U039
UO39
U042
U044
UO46
U047
U047
U048
U048
PO26
P027
UO49
U032
Final RQ
Cata-
«ory
C
B
A
D
D
B
B
C
A
A
D
D
B
B
O
B
C
C
B
X
C
A
A
A
C
D
Pound* (Kg)
• •
1000 (464)
100 (46 4}
10 (4 64}
6OOO (2270)
6000 (2270)
100(464)
100 (45 4)
1OOO (464)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
6OOO (2270)
6000 (2270)
100(464)
100(464)
6000 (2270)
1OO (46 4)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
1OO (46 4)
1 (0464)
1000 (464)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
1000 (464)
6000 (2270)
F-12
September 1992
-------
Appendix F
•» w
Hazardous Substance
•IROMIUM AND COMPOUNDS
womous chloride
vysene
abaltous bromide _.
abattous formate
obaltous •utfamate
ake Oven Emissions
jpper cyanide CuCN
jppertt
3PPER AND COMPOUNDS
spper cyanide
oumaphos
•eosote
•esol(e)
n-Cresol
>-Cresol
>-Cresol
esylic acid
•n-Cresol
>-Cresol
vCresol
rotonatdehyde
jmene
jpnc acetate
upnc acetoarsenite
upnc chloride
upnc nitrate
upnc oxalata
upnc sutfate
upric suffate, ammoniated
CASRN
N/A
10049066
218019
7789437
644183
14017416
N/A
644923
7440608
N/A
644923
66724
8001689
1319773
108394
95487
1O6446
1319773
1O8394
96487
106446
123739
4170303
98828
142712
12O02038
7447394
3261238
6893663
7768987
1O38O297
•»
Regulatory Synonyms
1 ,2 Benzphenanthrene
Copper cyanide
Copper cyanide CuCN
Creeylic acid
Phenol, methyl-
m-Cresyhc acid
o-Cresylic acid
p-Cresylic acid
Cre«.ol(s)
Phenol, methyl-
m-Cresylic acid
o-Cresylic acid
p-Cresylic acid
2-Butenal
Benrane, 1-methylethyl-
Statutory
RQ
!•
10OO
1»
1OOO
1000
1OOO
V
1»
1"
1«
1'
10
1«
1OOO
1OOO
1000
10OO
1000
1OOO
10OO
1000
100
1«
100
100
10
100
100
10
100
Cod«t
2
1
2,4
1
1
1
3
4
2
2
4
1
4
1.4
1,4
1.4
1,4
1.4
1,4
1.4
1.4
1.4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
RCRA
WMM*
U060
P029
P029
U061
U052
U062
U062
U062
U062
U062
U062
U062
U063
U066
Final RQ
Catt-
9ory
1
C
B
C
C
C
X
A
D
A
A
X
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
B
D
B '
X
A
B
B
A
B
Pound* (Kg)
•>*
1OOO (464)
100(464)
1000 (464)
10OO (464)
1000 (464)
1 (0464)
10 (4.64)
6OOO (2270)
• *
1O (4 64)
10(464)
1 (0 464)
1000 (464)
1OOO (464)
1OOO (464)
1000(464)
1000 (464)
1OOO (464)
1OOO (464)
1OOO (464)
100 (46 4)
6OOO (2270)
100 (46 4)
1 (O464)
10 (4 64)
1OO (46 4)
100(464)
10 (4.64)
100 (46 4)
ttember 1992
F-13
-------
Appwdix F
»
Hazardous Substance
Cupric tartrata
CYANIDES
Cyanides (soluble salts and
complexes) not otherwtee specified
Cyanogen
Cyanogan bromtde
Cyanoo«n bromide (CN)Br
Cyanogen chloride
Cyanogen chloride (CN)Ct
2,6-Cyek>hexad«ns-1 ,4-dione
Cyc(oh«xan«
Cyck>h«xan*, 1,2,3,4,6,6-
h«xachloro-.(1 alpha, 2§lpha,
3b»ta,4alpha,E0lpha,6,beta)-
Cyctohexanone
2-CycIohaxyI-4,6-dinhrophanol
1.3-Cyctopentadiene, 1.2,3,4,6,5-
hexachloro-
CyclophoiphamJd*
2,4-D Actd
2,4-D Ester
.
2,4-D, salts and sstars
CASRN
816827
N/A
67126
4601 96
506683
606683
606774
6O6774
106614
110827
68899
108941
131896
77474
60180
94767
94111
94791
948O4
1320189
1928387
1928616
1929733
2971382
26168267
63467111
94767
Regulatory Synonyms
Ethanedinitrito
Cyanogan bromide (CN)Br
Cyanogan bromide
Cyanogen chloride (CN)CI
Cyanogen chloride
p-Benzoquinone
Benzene, hexahydro-
gamma— BHC
Phenol, 2-cyclohexyl-4,6-dinrtro-
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
2H-1 ,3,2-Oxazaphosphorin-2-
amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)
tetrahydro-,2-oxide
Acetic acid (2.4-dichlorophenoxy)-
2,4-D, salts and esters
Acetic acid C',4-dichlorophenoxy)-
2,4-D Acid
Statutory
RQ
100
i»
i«
1»
i«
1-
10
10
1»
1OOO
1
1-
1«
1
1'
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Codct
1
2
4
4
4
4
1.4
1.4
4
1.4
1.2.4
4
4
1,2,4
4
1.4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1.4
RCRA
Waau*
PO30
PO31
U246
U246
P033
P033
U197
U066
U129
U057
P034
U130
U068
U240
U24O
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
A
B
C
C
A
A
A
C
X
D
B
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
Pound* (Kg)
10O (46.4)
*»
10 (4 64)
100 (46 4)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
1000 (464)
1 (0 464)
6000 (2270)
100(464)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
100(464)
100(464)
100(464)
100(464)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
1OO (46 4)
100(464)
1OO (46 4)
100 (46 4)
F-14
September 1992
-------
Appendix f
, n
Hazardous Substance
jnomycin
D
'ODD
E
•DDE
T
•DDT
T AND METABOLITES
llate
zinon
«nz(a.h]anthracene
•6,6-Dibenzanthracene
ienzo[a,h]anthracene
«nz[a.i]pyrene
-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
Hityl phthalate
n-butyl phthalate
amba
CASRN
20830813
*
72548
72548
726E9
72559
60283
50293
N/A
2303164
33341 E
63703
63703
53703
189559
96128
84742
84742
1918009
Regulatory Synonyms
6,12-Naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-
1O-I,5-amino-2,3,6- tndeoxy-alpha-
L-lyxo-haxo-pyranoeyl)oxy]-7,8,9,
1 0-totrahydro-6,8, 1 1 -trihydroxy-1 -
mathoxy-, (8S-cis)-
Bonzene, 1,1'-(2,2-
dichloroethyhdene)bisI4-chloro-
TDE
4,4' DDD
Benzene, 1,1'-{2.2-
dichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro-
DDD
TOE
4.4' DDfc
DDE
Benzane, 1, 1 '-(2,2,2-
trichloroethyhdene)bis[4-chtoro-
4,4'DDT
Benzane, 1, 1 '-{2.2,2-
tnchloroethylideno)bis[4-chloro-
DDT
Carbamothioic acid, bisd-
mathylethyl)-, S-(2,3,-dich-loro-2-
proptinyl) aster
Diberizola,h)anthracene
1,2 5,6-Dibenzanthracene '
Diberiz[a,h]anthracene
Dibanzo[a,h]anthracane
Diberiz[a,h]anthracene
1.2 5,6-Dibenzanthracene
Benzolrst}pentaphene
Propone, 1 ,2-dibf omo-3-chloro-
Dibutyl phthalate
n-Butyl phthalate
1 ,2-Benzenedicarboxylie acid,
dtbuityl ester
Dibutyl phthalate
n-Butyl phthalate
1 ,2-Benzenedicarboxyhc acid,
dibuityl ester
Statutory
RQ
1»
1
1
1-
1»
1
1
1»
1»
1
1-
1«
T
1"
1-
100
1OO
1OOO
Cod«t
4
1.2.4
1.2.4
2
2
1,2,4
1.2.4
2
4
1
2,4
2.4
2,4
4
4
1.2.4
1,2.4
1
RCRA
W«*te*
UOB9
i
U060
U060
U061
U061
U062
U063
U063
U063
U064
U066
U069
U069
Final RQ
Cat*-
«ory
A
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
X
X
X
X
A
X
A
A
C
Pound* (Kg)
10 (4.64)
1 (0454)
1 (0464)
1 (0 464)
1 (0 464)
1 (0464)
1 (0 454)
• •
100 (45 4)
1 (0 454)
1 (0454)
1 (0 454)
1 (0 454)
1O (4 54)
1 (0 454)
1O (4 54)
10 (4.64)
1000 (454)
tember 1992
F-15
-------
Appendix F
til!",! "i'Hi i 11,i w11 ; iii! ii •
V <<•
Hazardous Substance
DJchtobenH
Dichloni
Dichlorobanzene
1 ,2-Dichtorobenzene
1 ,3-DtchSof obenzene
1 ,4-Dichtorobflrtzene
m Dtchtorobenzene
o-Dtehlorobanzene
p-Dichlorobenzane
D1CHLOROBENZIDINE
3,3'-Diehtorobanzidtne
Dtchlorotxomomethane
1 ,4-DichIof o-2-butene
Dtchtorodtfkiofomethane
1.1-Dichtoroethana
1,2-Drehtoroathane
1,1-DichIoroothytone
1 ,2-Dtchloroethylene
DtehlofOilhyl ether
DicWoroteopropyl ether
Dichtofom»thoxy ethane
Dichtofomethyl ether
2,4 DicWofophanol
2,6 Dich'orophenol
Dichlofophenylartine
CASRN
1194656
117806
26321226
85EO1
641731
106467
B41731
95501
1O6467
N/A
91941
t
76274
764410
76718
76343
107062
75364
166605
111444
108601
111911
642881
120832
87660
696286
Regulatory Synonyms
Benzene, 1,2-dichloro- o-
Dichtorobeni'ana
Benzene, 1 ,3-dtchloro m-
Dtehlorobenrene
Benzene, 1 ,4-dichloro p-
Dichloro benzene
Benzene, 1 ,3-dichloro 1,3-
Dichtorobenzene
Benzene, 1,2-dichloro 1,2-
Dichlorobenzene
Benzene. 1,4-dichloro 1,4-
Oichlorobenzene
[1.1'-BvhenylJ-
4,4'diamine,3,3'dichloro-
2-Butene, 1 ,4-dichloro-
Methane, dichlorodifluoro-
Ethene. 1,1-dichloro-
Ethybdene dichloride
Ethane, 1 ,2-dichloro-
Ethylene dichloride
Ethene, 1,1-dichloro-
Vinylidene chloride
Ethene 1,2-dichloro- (E)
Bis (2-chloroathyl) ether
Ethane, 1.1'-oxybis(2-chloro-
Propane, 2,2'-oxybisI2-chloro-
Bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
Ethane, 1,1'-(methyleneb
-------
Appendix F
» %
Hazardous Substance
hloropropane
, 1 -Dichloropropane
,3-Dichloropropane
-Dichloropropane
hloropropane— Dichloropropene
xture)
hloropropena
, 3-Dichloropropene
-Dichloropropene
-Dichloropropionic acid
hlorvos
ofol
ildrin
3,4-Diepoxybutane
thylamme
ithylareine
-Diethylenedioxide
ithylhexyl phthalate
iI-'Diethylhydrazine
3-Dwthyl S-methyl
nophoephate
ithyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate
ithyl phthalate
3-Diethyl O-pyrazmyl
oephorothioate
ithylstilbestrol
lydrosafrote
CASRN
26638197
78999
142289
78876
8003198
269E2238
78886
642766
76990
627737
116322
60671
1464636
109897
692422
123911
117817
1616801
3288682
311466
" 84662
297972
66631
94686
•
Regulatory Synonyms
Propane, 1 ,2-dichloro-
Propylene dichlonde
1 -Propone, 1 ,3-dichloro-
2,7.3,6-Dimethenonaphth[2,3-
bloxirene, 3,4,5, 6,9, 9-hexachloro-
1 a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octahydro-,
(1aalpha.2beta,2aalpha,3beta,
6bet«,6aalpha,7beta, 7aalpha)-
2,2'-Bioxirane
Arsme, diethyl-
1 ,4-Dioxane
BIG C'-ethylhexyllphthalate
1 ,2,-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,
[bis(2-ethylhexyl)l ester
Hydrozms, 1,2-diethyl-
Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-diethyl
S-methyl ester
Phosphoric acid, dwthyl 4-
nitrophenyl ester
1 ,2-Benzenedicarboxyhc acid,
diethyl ester
Phosphorothioic acid, O.O-diathyl
O-pyrazmyl ester
Phenol, 4.4'-(1,2-diethyl-1,2-
ethenediyDbm-, CE)
1,3-Benzodioxole, 6-propyl-
Statutory
RQ
60OO
5000
6000
6000
6000
6000
5OOO
6000
6OOO
10
6000
1
1»
1000
1-
1-
1«
!•
1»
f
1"
1«
1«
1»
Codat
1
1
1
1.2,4
1
1
1
1.2,4
1
1
1
1.2,4
4
1
4
4
2,4
4
4
4
2,4
4
4
4
RCRA
Wutt*
U083
U084
P037
UO86
P038
U108
U028
U086
U087
P041
U088
PO40
U089
U090
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
C
C
C
C
B
B
B
B
D
A
A
X
A
B
X
B
B
A
D
B
C
B
X
A
Pound* (Kg!
' 1000 (4641
1000(464}
1000(464)
1000(464)
100 (46.4)
100(464)
100 (46 4)
1OO (46 4)
60OO (2270)
10(464)
6OOO (2270)
1 (0464)
10 (4.64)
100(4644)
1 (0 464)
1OO (46.4)
100 (46.4)
10 (4.64)
6000 (2270)
100 (46 4)
1000 (464)
100 (46.4)
,1 (0464)
10 (4.64)
itember 1992
F-17
-------
1 ''
ii ' ; i,
'" in
App+ndixF
i ,i i, i ; i i i"ii''i"'i ji|ii
mi , " i | i n ' ' pi ii j 1 ' i l"'|| i ' '
I "'in
„
lUiini'n i"','!,,1 i, '"via iii'i'i" 'i
111 111 V nil nil 1 ill iKl :! II In 1 nl 1111 llh||
'i',''ili'i" 'ill', '',1 'V ".I? »' ' i in
t
III ,|li ,i ,||l|i Jjljl fflVPIH
1 MI iinii ' i i in i in PI i iiii'iiiiiiiiiiiniiiii1 n iiiiiini1
! i 1 1| ^ n i 1 1 mi ii» ii j i in inn IIP i iiimii i
• 1 1 ' i 'I liiiliillililli'lil IN
llllll'lllllllllll I 11 ill I II I11 III II III' I III III '111 111 1
till iiin llilUiill
• t
Hazardous Substance
DittopfopyJiuofopho«ph»t»
1 .4,6,8-DimathanonaphthaIana,
1 .2.3,4,1 0,l 0-. 1 0-haxaehk>ro-
1 ,4,4a,5,8,8a-haxahydro-,
(1 alpha,4alpha,4abata,Ealpha/
Ralph*.
8«b»t«)-1. 4,5,8-
Dknanthanonaphthatana,
1,2,3,4,10,10-haxachloro-
1,4.4a,6,8,8a-
haxahydro.(1a1pha.4a]pha,4abata,
E«bata,8bata,
8«bata}-2,7.3,6-
D$mathanonaphthI2,3-b]oxkana,
i,4.6,e,8,8-haxachk>fo-1a.2,2a.3,
6,6a,7.7«-octthydro-, (laatpha,
2bata,2aalpha,3bata,6bata,
CaiIpha,7bata,7aalpha)-2,7 3,6-
Dtm§th«noniphthI2,3-bJoxiren«,
3.4,5,6,9.8-h«xachioro-1 a,2,2a,3,
6,6»,7,7»-oct» hydro-,(1aalpha,
2b«ta,2abata,3alpha,6alpha,
6*b*ta,7bata,7aatpha)-D!mathoat«
3,3'-Dkntthoxyb«nzidin«
Dimtthylamln*
p-Dim«t hyta mlnoazobanzana
7,12-Dhnathytb«nz[a]anthracene
3(3'-Dim«thvto«ruidin«
alpha.alpha-
Dinnthy!b«nzylhydfop«roxW«
Dimathylcarfaamoyl chiorida
1 , 1 -Dfonathytoydrazina
1 ,2-Dim»thylhydrazin«
alpha,*lpha-
Omiathyiphanathylamlrw
2,4-DimathylphanoI
CASRN
EE914
309002
466736
6O571
72208
60615
1199O4
124403
60117
57976
119937
8O169
79447
57147
540738
122098
106679
Regulatory Synonyms
Phosphorofkjofidic acid, b!e(1-
methylflthyl) estar
AWnn
laodnn
OiaMrm
Endfin
Endrin & metabolites
Phosphorodithtoic acid, O.O-
dimathyl S-I2(methyta-mino)-2-
oxoethyl] actar
[1 ,1 '-Biphenyl]-4,4'diamina,3,
3'dimethyoxy-
methanamma, N-methyl
Benzanamine, N,N-dimethyl-4-
(phanylazo-)
Benz[a]anthracana, 7,12-dimethyl-
n,VBphynyl]-4,4'diamirw,3,3'-
dimathyl-
Hydroparoxlde, 1-mahtyH-
phanylathyl-
Carbamic chiorida, dimathyl-
Hydrazina, 1,1-dimathyl-
Hydrazina, 1 ,2-dimethyl-
Banzanaathanamlna, alpha.alpha-
dimathyl-
Phonol, 2,4-dimethyl-
Statutory
RQ
1»
1
1»
1
1
1«
1-
1000
1-
1"
1-
1«
1»
1»
T
1»
1«
Codat
4
1.2.4
4
1.2.4
1.2,4
4
4
1.4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2.4
RCRA
Waata*
PO43
POO4
P060
PO37
PO51
PO44
U091
U092
U093
U094
U096
U096
U097
U098
U099
PO46
U101
Final RQ
Cata-
flory
B
X
X
X
X
A
B
C
A
X
A
A
X
A
X
o
B
• oun
-------
Appendix F
t \
Hazardous Substance
lethyl phthatate
lethyl autfate
itrobenzene (mixed)
-Dmitrobenzene
Dinitrobenzene
Dinitrobanzene
-Dinhro-o-cresol and tails
itrophendl
,5-Dinrtrophenol
,6-Dinitrophenol
-Dmitrophenol
iitrotoluene
,4-Dinrtrotoluene
-Dimtrotoluene
-Dmitrotokjene
loseb
n-octyl phthalate
1-Dioxane
'HENYLHYDRA2INE
Z-Oiphanylhydrazine
)hosphoramide, octamethyl-
jhosphonc acid, tetraethyl ester
jropylamme
-n-propylnitrosamme
quat
sutfoton
thiobiuret
luron
CASRN
131113
77781
25154545
99650
628290
1O0264
634521
26660687
329716
673668
61286
26321 146
610399
121142
606202
88867
117840
123911
N/A
122667
162169
107493
142847
621647
86007
2764729
298044
641637
330641
Regulatory Synonyms
1,2-Banzanadicarboxyhc acid,
dimethyl ester
Suit uric acid, dimethyl eater
Phenol. 2-methyl-4.6-dinitro-
Phenol, 2,4-dmitro-
Benzone, 1-methyl-2,4-dinrtro-
Benzvne. 2-methyM ,3-dimtro-
Phenol, 2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-
dmitro
1 ,2-tlenzenadicorboxylic acid,
dioctyl ester
1 ,4-Diethylenedioxide
Hydrazine, 1.2-dtphenyl
OctamethylpyrophoBphoramide
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
1-Propanamine, N-propyl-
1-Propanamme, N-nrtroso-N-propyl-
Phoapnorodithioic acid, o,o-dwthyl
S-[2-(etriytthio)ethylJe*ter
Thnmidodicarbonic diamide [(H2N)
C«S)32NH
•
Statutory
RQ
1-
,1«
1OOO
1000
1000
1000
1«
1000
1000
1OOO
1OOO
1OOO
1000
1000
1«
T
1»
1*
1»
!•
100
1»
1»
1OOO
1000
1
1'
100
CotUt
2,4
4
1
1
1
1
2,4
1
1
1
1,2.4
1,2
1.2,4
1,2,4
4
2,4
4
2
2,4
4
1.4
4
2,4
1
1
1.4
4
1
RCRA
Waata*
U102
U103
P047
PO48
U106
U1O6
PO20
U107
U108
U1O9
P086
P111
U11O
U111
PO39
PO49
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
D "
B
B
B
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
C
D
B
A
B
A
D
A
C
C
X
B
B
Pound* (Kg)
6000 12270}
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
100(464)
1OO (46 4)
100 (46.4)
10 (4.64)
10 (4.64)
1O (4 64)
10 (4.64)
10 (4 64)
10(464)
10 (4 64)
1OO (46 4)
1000(454)
5000 (2270)
100(454)
*•
10 (4.64)
100 (46 4)
10 (4 64)
6000 (2270)
10 (4 64)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
1 (0 464)
100 (46.4)
100 (46 4)
nember 1992
F-19
-------
Appendix F
*•
Hazardous Substance
DodacylbanzanaauJfonlc mold
Endoauttan
alpha - Endotutfin
bata - Endoautfan
ENDOSALFAN AND
METABOUTES
Endoiutfan aulfata
EndothaB
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
ENDRIN AND METABOUTES
Endrm, & rnatablitac
Eptehtorohydrin
Epinaphrina
Ethanal
Ethanamina, N*athyt-N-nHroco-
1,2-Ethanadiam!oa, N,N-ditnathyl-
N'-2-pyrWmvI-N'-(2-thianvlmathyl)-
Ethana, 1.2-dibromo-
Ethana, 1,1-dtchk>ro-
Eihana, 1,2-dichtoro-
Ethanadinrtrlta
CASRN
2717687O
116297
969988
33213669
N/A
1031O78
146733
72208
7424934
N/A
722O8
106898
61434
76070
66186
91806
106934
76343
107062
460196
Regulatory Synonyms
6,9-Mathano-2,4,3-
banzodioxathiapin, 6.7,8.9,10,10-
haxachloro-1 ,6,5a,6,9,9a-
hexahydro-, 3-oxide
7-Oxabicyclo[2 2 1]heptane-2,3-
dicarboxylic acid
Endrin, & metabolites
2,7.3,6-Dimethanonaphth[2,3-
b]oxirene,3,4,B,6,9,9 -hexachloro-
1 a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octa-hydro-,
(1 aalpha, 2btJta,2abeta,3alpha,
6atpha,6ab«ta,7b«ta, 7aalpha)-
Endnn
2,7.3,6-Dimathanonaphth[2,3-b]
oxwana, 3,4,6,6,9,9-haxachloro-
1 a,2,2e,3,6,6a,7,7a-octa-hydro-,
(1 aalpha.2bata, 2abeta,3alpha,
6atpha,
6abeta.7bata, 7aalpha)-
Oxvane, (chloromethyl)-
1 ,2-Banzenadiol,4-| 1 •hydroxy-2-
(mathylamino)athyll-
Acataldehyde
N-Nitroaodwthylamina
Methapynlene
Ethylane dibromide
EthyUdena dichlofkle
1 ,1 -Dichkwoathane
Ethytene dtchlonda
1,2-Diehlorethiane
Cyanogen
'' Statutory
RQ
1000
1
1»
1»
1»
1«
1«
1
1»
1»
1
1000
1*
1000
1«
!•
1000
1»
6000
1"
Codat
1
1.2.4
2
2
2
2
4
1.2.4
2
2
1.2.4
1.4
4
1.4
4
4
1.4
2.4
1.2.4
4
RCRA
Waata*
POEO
PO88
P061
PO61
U041
PO42
U001
U174
U166
U067
U076
U077
PO31
Final RQ
Cata-
«ory
C
X
X
X
X
C
X
X
X
B
C
C
X
D
X
C
B
B
Pounck (Kg)
1000X464)
1 (0464)
1 (0 464)
1 (0464)
• •
1 (0 464)
1000 (464)
1 (0 464)
1 (0464)
• •
1 (O 464)
100 (46 4)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
1 (0464)
6000 (2270)
1 (0 464)
1000 (464)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
F-20
September 1992
I',' I, liii?!!' I'1
-------
Appendix F
« %
Hazardous Substance
wne, hexachloro-
wne, 1.1'-
iethylenebi«(oxy})bi8(2-
hloro-
wne, 1,1'-oxybis-
wne, 1,1'-oxybi6[2-chloro-
wne. pentachloro-
wne, 1,1.1,2-tetrachloro
wine, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro
uinethioamide
hane, 1,1,1-trichloro
hane, 1,1,2-tnchloro-
hanimidothioic acid, N-IHmethyl-
ninojcarbonyljoxyl-, methyl ester
Hanoi, 2-ethoxy- >
Hanoi, 2,2'-(nitro8oimmo)bis-
hanone, 1-phenyl-
hene, chloro-
hene, 2-Cloroethoxy-
hene, 1,1-dichloro-
/
hene, 1 ,2-dichloro-
hene, tetrachloro-
hene, trichloro-
hion
Hyl acetate
hyl ecrylate
hylbenzene
hyl carbamate (urethane)
hyl cyanide
CASRN
67721
111911
60297
111444
76017
630206
79346
62666
71666
79006
16762776
110806
1116647
98862
75014
110768
76364
166606
127184
79O16
663122
141786
140886
1O0414
61796
107120
*
Regulatory Synonyms
HexBchloroethane
Bis(.2-chloroethoxy) methane
Dichloromethoxy ethane
Ethyl ether
Bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
Drchloroethyl ether
Penlachloroethane
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Thtoacetamide ^
Metliyl chloroform
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
1,1, 2 -Trichloroethane
Methomyl
Ethyleno glycol monoethyl ether
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
Aceiophenone
Vinyl chloride
2-Chlorciethyl vinyl ether
Vinyhdene chloride
1 , 1 -Dichloroethylene
1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
Parchloroethyleno
Tatruchlorethene
Tatnichloroethylena
Trichloroethane
Tnchloroethylene
Acetic acid, ethyl ester
2-Propenoic acid, ethyl ester
Carbamic acid, ethyl ester
Propanenitril
Statutory
RQ
1«
i«
1-
1»
1*
!•
1»
i»
1«
1*
1«
1»
i»
^•
T
!•
6OOO
1»
!•
1OOO
10
!•
1"
1000
1«
1'
Cettot
2,4
2,4
4
2,4
4
4
2.4
4
2,4
2,4
4
4
4
4
2,3,4
2,4
1.2,4
2,4
2,4
1.2.4
1
4
4
1.2
4
4
RCRA
Wut«#
U131
U024
U117
U026
U184
U208
U209
U218
U226
U227
P066
U359
U173
UOO4
UO43
UO42
U078
U079
U210
U228
U112
U113
U238
P1O1
Final RQ
C«U-
Bory
B
C
B
A
A
B
B
A
C
B
B
C
X
D
X
C
B
C
B
B
A
D
C .
C
B
A
Pound* (Kg)
100 (46 4)
10OO (464)
100 (46 4)
10 (4.64)
10 (4.64)
100 (46 4)
1OO (46 4)
10 (4 64)
1OOO (464)
100(464)
1OO (46.4)
1OOO (464)
" 110464)
6000 (2270)
1 (0 464)
1OOO (464)
1OO (46 4)
1000(464)
100 (46 4)
100(464)
10 (4 64)
60OO (227O)
1000 (464K
10OO (464)
100 (46 4)
10 (4 64)
ptember 1992
F-21
-------
Appendix F
Hi i i n mi i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 11
»»
Hazardous Substance
Ethyian-aWidrtWocarbamtc acid,
aatta & cetera
EthyVtnadiamlna
Ethyienediamina-tatraacetic acid
(IOTA)
Ethyiena dJbromlde
Ethytene cBeWoride
Ethyftane gfycol monoethy ether
Ethyfane oxtde
EthylenathkHKaa
Ethyl* nimine
Ethyl ethar
Ethyfidene dfchtorida
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethyl mathaneaulfonate
Famphor
Ferric ammonium citrate
Ferric ammonium oxalate
Fwric chloride
Ftrric f iooride
Ferric nitrate
Ferric tutftte
Ftirout ammonium autfate
Fanout chtortda
Fairoua autfata
Fteuranthana
Ftewarw
Ftoorina
CASRN
111648
1O71B3
6OOO4
1O6834
107062
110805
75218
96457
151664
60297
76343
97632
62600
62857
1185676
2944674
66488874
7706080
77835O8
10421484
10028226
10045893
7768943
7720787
7782630
206440
86737
7782414
Regulatory Synonyms
Carfaamodithioic acid, 1.2-
atharwdiylbie, aatta & aatara
Ethana, 1,2-dtbromo-
Ethan*, 1,2-dichloro-
1 ,2-Dichtoroethane
Ethanol, 2-athoxy-
Oxirana
2-lmWazolidinothion*
Aziridina
Ethana, 1,1'-oxybis
Ethana, 1.1'-dichloro-
1,1 -Dichloroathane
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl
ester
Methanesutfonic acid, ethyl eater
Phosphorothioic acid, O,[4-«di-
mathylamino) autfonyl] phenyl]
O,O-dimathyl eater
Banzo[j,k)fkHirena
Statutory
RQ
!•
1000
6000
10OO
5000
1*
!•
1«
1»
1»
1»
1«
1-
1«
100O
1OOO
1000
1000
100
1OOO
1000
1000
100
1000
1000
1»
1-
1»
CcKtot
4
1
1
1.4
1,2.4
4
4
4
4
4
2,4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2.4
2
4
RCRA
Waata*
U114
UO67
U077
U359
U116
U116
PO54
U117
U076
U118
U119
P097
U120
P066
FmalRQ
Cata-
gory
D
D
D
X
B
C
A
A
X
B
C
C
X
C
C
C
C
C
B
C
C
C
B
C
C
B
D
A
Pound* (Kg)
6OOO (2270)
£000 (2270)
EiOOO (2270)
1 (0464)
100 (45 4)
1000 (464)
10 (4.64)
10 (4 64)
1 (0 464)
100(464)
1000 (464)
1000 (454)
1 (0454)
1000 (464)
1000 (454)
1000 (464)
1000 (454)
1OOO (454)
100 (46 4)
1000 (454)
1000 (464)
1OOO (454)
100 (45 4)
1000 (454)
1000 (454)
100(464)
6000 (2270)
10 (4 54)
F-22
September 1992
-------
Appendix F
•v X
Hazardous Substance
ouroaeatamide
ouracetic acid, sodium »alt
Hmaldehyde
Nm!c acid
Jlminic acid, marcury(2+)sak
jmanc acid
jran
jran, tetrahydro-
Furancarboxaldehyde
,E-Furandione
jrfural
jrfuran
lucopyranoce, 2-deoxy-2-(3-
athyl-3-nitro8oureido)-
Gkicose, 2-daoxy-2-
mathylnhrosoamino)-
irbonyllaminol-
ycidylaldehyde
uamdien, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-
troso-
uthion
ALOETHERS
ALOMETHANES
aptachlor
EPTACHLOR AND METABOLITES
eptachlor apoxide
exachlorobanzane
exachlorobutadiena '
EXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE (all
omars)
CASRN
640197
62748
60OOO
64186
628864
110178
110OO9
109999
98011
108316
98011
110O09
18883664
18883664
765344
70267
865500
N/A
N/A
76448
N/A
1024573
118741
87683
608731
Regulatory Synonyms
Acotamide, 2-fkioro-
Acotlc acid, fkioro-, sodium salt
Meicury fulminate
Furturan
Tatiahydrofuran
Furiural
Maleic anhydride
2-Furancarboxaldahyde
Furnn
D-Glucose, 2-daoxy-2-
[[(methylnitrosoamino)-
carbonyljammo] Streptozotocm
Gkioopyranosa, 2-deoxy-2-(3-
mathyl-3-nitrosouraido)-
Oxtfanecarboxyaldehyde
MNNG
»
4,7-Methano-1H-indene. 1.4,6,6,
7,8,8-hoptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-
tatrahydro-
Ben/erKi, haxachloro-
1.3-Butadwne, 1,1,2,3,4,6-
haxachloro-
I
Statutory
RQ
1»
l»
1000
6OOO
1«
BOOO
1»
1"
1OOO
eooo
1OOO
T
1-
1»
1»
1»
1
1«
1«
1
!•
1»
1»
1"
1»
Cod«t
4
4
1.4
1,4
4
1
4
4
1.4
1.4
1.4
4
4
4
4
4
1
2
2
1,2.4
2
2
2.4
2,4
2
RCRA
W**ta*
POB7
POB8
U122
U123
P066
U124
U213
U126
U147
U126
U124
U206 ,
U2O6
U126
U163
P059
U127
U128
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
?
A
B
D
A
D
B
C
O
D
O
B
X
X
A
A
X
X
X
A
X
Pounds JKg)
100 (45 4)
10 (4.64)
100(454)
6000 (2270)
10 (4.54)
6OOO (2270)
100 (46 4)
1000 (454)
BOOO (2270)
6000 (2270)
BOOO (2270)
100 (45 4)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.46)
10 (4.64)
10 (4 64)
1 (0464)
••
••
1 (0 464)
• •
1 (0.464)
10 (4.64)
1 (0454)
• *
jtember 1992
F-23
-------
* v
Hazardous Substance
Haxachtorocyclohexane (gammer
feomar)
Haxachlorocyciopentadien*
Hexachtoroathane
Hexachtorophen*
Haxachloropropene
H*x**thyi tatraphotphate
Hydrazin*
Hydrazine, 1,2-dtethyl-
Hydrazlna, 1,1-dimethyl-
Hydrazine, 1.2-dimethyl-
Hydrazine, 1,2-dtphanyl-
Hydrazina, methyl-
HydfazHTflcarbothtoamido
Hydrochloric acW
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydro o«n chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen autfide
Hydrogen »uHid*H2S
Hydroparoxide, 1-methyl-1-
phanylathy)-
2-ImtdezoHd(nathk>ne
Indenod ,2,3-cd)pyrene
1 ,3-lsobanzofurandione
Itobutyl alcohol
CASRN
E8899
77474
67721
70304
1888717
757684
302O12
161B801
B7147
640738
122667
6O344
79196
7647010
74908
7664393
7647010
749O8
7664393
7783064
7783064
8O169
96467
193395
85449
78831
Regulatory Synonyms
Cyclohexano, 1,2,3,4,6,6-
hexachloro-.t 1 alpha,2a^>ha,3beta,
4alpho,6alpha,6bota)-oamma-BHC
Undarw
1 .3-Cyck>pantodwn«,1 ,2,3,4,5,6-
hexachloro-
Ethanc, haxaclikvo-
Pttanol. 2.2'-methylanabi8l3,4,6-
trichloro-
1 -Propane, 1,1,2,3,3,3-
h«xachtoro-
Tfltraphosphonc acid, hexaathyl
•star
N.N'-Oiethylhydi-azina
1 , 1 -Dimathylhydrazine
1 ,2-Dimothylhydrazine
1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Methyl hydrazine
Thiosemicarbazlde
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen flouride
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen auKide H2S
Hydrogen sulftde
alpha,alpha-
Dimethylbenz^rihydroperoxide
Ethytenathrouraa
1 , 1 0-( 1 ,2-Phenytene)pyrene
Phthalic anhydride
1-Propanol, 2-methyl-
t
Statutory
RQ
1
1
1«
l«
1»
1«
1»
!•
1-
1»
!•
!•
1«
60OO
10
6000
6OOO
10
50OO
100
1OO
1«
1«
1»
1«
1«
Codat
1.2.4
1,2,4
2,4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2,4
4
4
1
1.4-
1,4
1
1.4
1.4
1.4
-1.4
4
4
2,4
4
4
RCRA
Waataf
U129
U130
U131
U132
U243
P062
U133
U086
U098
U09&
U109
PO68
P1 16
P063
U134
P063
U134
U136
U135
U096
U116
U137
U190
U140
HnnlRQ
Cau-
««nr
X
A
B
B
C
B
X
A
A
X
A
A
B
D
A
B
D
A
B
B
B
A
A
B
D
D
Pound* (Kg)
1 (0454)
10 (4 64)
100 (46 4)
1OO (46 4)
1OOO (464)
100(464)
1 (0454)
10 (4 54)
10 (4 64)
1 (0 454)
1O (4 64)
10 (4 54)
100(454)
5000 (2270)
10 (4 54)
100(464)
6OOO (2270)
10 (4 54)
100 (46 4)
100(454)
1OO(464)
10 (4 54)
10 (4 54)
100 (45 4)
6000 (2270)
5000 (227O)
j i inn mil
F-24
September 1992
-------
Appendix F
» «.
Hazardous Substance
nn
>horone
irene
>ropanolamine
ecylbenzenesuKonate
.afrole
H)-lsoxazolone, 5-
unomethyl)-
lone
locarpine
dtt
id acetate
\D AND COMPOUNDS
id arsenate
_
id, bis(acetato-O)tetrahydroxytn
id chloride
id fluoborate
id fluoride
ad iodide
ad nitrate
ad phosphate
ad stearate
CASRN
466736
78591
78796
42604461
120681
2763964
143600
303344
7439921
301042
N/A
7784409
7646262
10102484
1336326
7768954
13814966
7783462
10101630
10099748
7446277
7428480
1072361
Regulatory Synonyms
1 ,4,6,8-Dimethanonaphthalene,
1 .2,3,4, 1 0, 1 0-hexachloro-1 ,4,4a,
6,8,8a-hexahydro,(1a!pha,4alpha,
4abeta,6beta,8beta,8abeta)-
1 ,3-Benzodioxolo,6-) 1 -propenly)-
Muscimol
6-(Anmnomethyl)-3-isoxazolol ,
1 ,2,4-Metheno-2H-cyclobutallcd]
pent«len-2-one,1 ,1a,3,3a,4,5,6,
6a,6b,6-decachloroctahydro-
2-Butenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 71(2,3-
dihydroxy-2-(1-methoxyethyl)-3-
mothyl- 1 -oxobutoxylmethyll-2,3,5,
7a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-1-yl
ester,, |1S-[1alpha(2), 7{2S*.3R«),
7aalpha]J-
Acetic acid, lead(2+) salt
Lead subacetate
Phosphoric acid, lead(2+) salt
(23)
t Statutory
RQ
i«
1-
1000
1OOO
1«
1"
1
1"
1»
6000
1«
6000
6000
6OOO
1»
6000
6000
1OOO
6000
6000
!•
6000
6000
Cod«t
4
2
1
1
4
4
1.4
4
2
1.4
2
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
RCRA
WMMf
PO60
U141
PO07
U142
U143
U143
U144
U146
U146
FmalRQ
Cate-
gory
X
D
B
C
B
C
X
A
A
X
X
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
D
0
Pound. (Kg)
1 (O 464)
6000 (2270)
100 (46 4)
1000 (464)
100 (46 4)
1000 (464)
1 (0464)
1O, (4 64)
10 (4 64)
*
• •
1 (0 464)
1 (0 464)
1 (0 464)
100(454)
1OO (46 4)
100 (46 4)
1OO (46 4)
100 (46 4)
1OO (46 4)
*
*
6OOO (227O)
*
6000 (227O)
itember 1992
F-25
-------
Appsndix F
. k
Hazardous Substance
•
Lead eubacetate
Lead eutfata
Load euHide
Lead thfocyanato
Linda rw
Lhhkim Chromate
MalatWon
Matefc acid
Msltic anhydride
MaJete hydrazlda
MelonontorBe
Melphatan
Mercaptodtmethor
Mercuric cyanide
Mercuric nitrate
Mercuric tutfate
Mercuric thkicyanate
Mercurou* nttrat*
|:
Mercury
MERCURY AND COMPOUNDS
Mercury, (acetate O)ph«nyl
Mercury fulminate
CASRN
E2652692
66189094
1335326
1B739807
7446142
1314870
692870
68899
14307368
121766
11O167
108316
123331
1O9773
148823
2032667
692O41
1O046940
7783369
692868
10416766
7782867
7439976
N/A
62384
628864
Regulatory Synonyms
Lead, bis(acetato-O)tetrahydroxytri
Cyctohexane, 1,2,3,4,6,6-
hexachlor o-,( 1 alpha,2alpha,3beta,
4alpha,6alpha,6b«ta)-gamma-BHC
Hexachtorocyelohaxano (gamma
isomer)
2,6-Furandiono
3,6-Pyridazinedione, 1 ,2-dihydro-
Propanedinrtnla
L-Phenylalanme, 4-[biE(2-
chloroethyDaminol]
•
Phanylmercury acetate
Fulmmic acid, mercury(24-)salt
Statutory
RQ
6000
60OO
1«
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
1
1000
10
600O
6000
1-
1«
1»
100
1
10
10
10
10
10
1»
1«
1«
1»
Cod«t
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1.2.4
1
1
1
1.4
4
4"
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2,3,4
2
4
4
RCRA
Wa«t»*
U146
U129
U147
U148
U149
U160
U161
P092
PO66
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
D
D
B
B
B
B
D
B
X
A
B
D
D
D
C
X
A
X
A
A
A
A
A
X
B
A
Pound* (Kg)
*
6000 (2270)
*
6000 (2270)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
100(464)
100(464)
*
6OOO (2270)
100 (46 4)
1 (0 464)
10 (4 64)
100(464)
6OOO (2270)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
1OOO (464)
1 (0 464)
10 (4 64)
1 (0464)
10 (4.64)
10(464)
10 (4 64)
10 (4.64)
10 (4.64)
1 (0464)
• •
100 (46 4)
10 (4 64)
F-26
September 1992
-------
* t
Hazardous Substance
thacrylonitnle
ithanamine, N-methyl-
ithanamine, N-methyl-N-nitroeo-
ithane, bromo-
ithane, chloro-
ithane, chloromethoxy-
ithane, dibromo-
ithane, dichloro-
rthane, dichlorodifluoro-
sthane, iodo-
9 thane, isocyanato-
ithane, oxybistchloro-
ithanesulfenyl chloride, tnchloro-
Bthanesutfonic acid, ethyl ester
sthane, tetrachloro-
ethane, tetranrtro
ethane, tnbromo-
ethane, trichloro-
ethane, tnchlorofluoro
ethanethiol
,9-Methano-2,4,3-
»nzodioxathiepm,6,7,8,9,10,10-
Bxachloro-1.,6,Ba,6,9,9a-
axahydro-, 3-oxide
,3,4-Metheno-2H-cyclobutallcd]
entalen-2-one, 1,1a,3,3a,4,6,6,
a,Bb,6-decachloroctahydro-
,7-Methano- 1 H-mdene, 1 ,4,6,6,
,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-
strahydro-
,7-Methano-IH-indene, 1,2,3,4,
,6,8,8-octachloro-2,3,3a,4,B,$a-
lexahydro-
^ethanol
CASRN
126987
124403
62769
74839
74873
107302
74963
76092
76718
74884
624839
642881
694423
62600
66236
609148
762B2
67663
76694
74931
115297
143600
76448
67749
67661
Regulatory Synonyms
2-Propeiienitnle,2-methyl-
Dtrnethylamine
N-Nrtrosodimethylamine
Methyl bromide
Methyl chloride
Chloromethyl methyl ether
Methylene bromide
Methylene chloride
Dichlorodrfluoromethane
Methyl iodide
Methyl teocyanate
Dichloromethyl ether
Tnchloromethanesulfenyl chloride
Ethyl methanesulfonate
Carbon tetrachlonde
Tetrsnitromethane
Bromoform
Chloroform
Tnchloromonofluoromethane
Methylmercaptan
Thiomethanol
Endosulfan
•
Kepone
Heptachlor
Chlordane
Chlordane, alpha & gamma
tsonnere
Chlordane, technical
Methyl alcohol
Statutory
RQ
i«
1000
1»
1«
i«
!•
1»
. i»
1»
i«
1*
!•
1»
1«
6000
1»
1«
6000
1-
1OO
1
1
1
1
1»
Codet
4
1,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
4
4
2,4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1,2,4
4
2,4
1.2,4
4
1.4
1.2,4
)
1.4
1,2,4
1.2,4
4
RCRA
W**t«*
U162
U092
P082
U029
UO46
U046
U068
U080
U076
U138
P064
P016
P118
U119
U211
P112
U226
U044
U121
U1B3
POBO
U142
P069
U036
U164
FmalRQ
C*u-
«ory
C
C
A
C
B
A
C
C
D
B
A
B
X
A
A
B
A
D
B
X
X
X
X
D
Pound* (Kg)
1OOO (464)
1000(454)
10 (4 54)
1000 (454)
100 (46 4)
10(454)
1OOO (454)
10OOW64)
SOOO (2270)
100 (46 4)
ft
10 (4 64)
100(454)
1 40 454)
10(454)
10(454)
100 (46 4)
10 (4 64)
6000 (2270)
100 (45.4)
1 (0 454)
1 (0 464)
1 (0454)
1 (0454}
/
SOOO (227O)
ptember 1992
F-27
-------
Appendix F
<\
Hazardous Substance
Methapyrtlane
Methomyl
Methoxychlor
Methyl «tchohol
Methyl bromide
1 -MethylbutadiervB
Methyl chloride
Methyl chlorocarbonate
Methyl chloroform
Methyl chloroform*!*
3 Mathylchotomhrene
4,4'-Methylenebto(2-chloroaniline}
Methyiene bromide
Methytena chloride
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
Methyl hydrezlne
Methyl Iodide
MatMy Uobutyl ketone
Methyl teoeyanato
2 MethyllactonhrHe
Mithylmerciptan
Methyl mathacrylate
Methyl parathion
4 Methyl-2-pentenone
CASRN
91 SOS
16762776
72436
67661
74839
BO4609
74873
79221
71666
79221
6,6495
101144
74963
76092
78933
1338234
60344
74884
108101
624839
76866
74931
80626
29800O
108101
Regulatory Synonyms
1,2-Ethanedmmine, N,N-dimethyl-
N'-2-pyridtnyl-N'-(2-thwnylmethy1)-
Ethanimtdothiouc acid, N-Htmethyl-
aminolcarbonlyloxy]-, methyl ester
Benzene, 1, V- (2,2,2-
trfchlorosthylidene)bi6[4-methoxy-
Methanol
Methane, bromo-
1,3-Pentadieno
Methane, chloro-
CarbonochlorKlic acid, methyl ester
Methyl chloroformate
Ethane, 1,1,1-tnchloro-
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Carbonochloridic acid, methyl ester
Methyl chlorocerbonate
Benzljlaceanthrylene, 1,2-dihydro-
3-methyl-
Banzeramine, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-
chloro-
Methane, dibromo-
Methane, dichloro-
2-Butanorta
2-Butartono peroxide
Hydrazine, methyl-
Methane, iodo-
4-Methyl-2-pentanona
Methane, isocyanato-
Acetone cyanohydnn
Propanenitnle, 2-hydroxy-2-
methyl-
Metharwthfol
Thiomethanol
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl, methyl
ester
Phosphorotioic acid, ),}-dimethyl
O-(4-nitro-phenyl) ester
Methyl isobutyl ketone
v Statutory
no
i«
1»
1
1»
1»
1-
!•
1«
1-
1»
I*
1"
1B
1«
1-
1*
1»
1*
1»
1»
10
100
6000
100
1«
Codet
4
4
1.4
4
2,4
4
2,4
4
2,4
4
4
4
4
2,4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1.4
1,4
1.4
1.4
4
RCRA
WMte*
U166
PO66
U247
U154
U029
U186
U046
U166
U226
U166
U167
U168
U068
U080
U169
U160
P068
U138
U161
P064
P069
U163
U162
P071
U161
Fmal RQ
Cate-
gory
D
B
X
D
C
B \
B
C
C
C
A
A
C
C
D
A
A
B
D
A
B
C
B
D
Pound* (Kg)
6000 (2270)
1OO (46 4)
1 (0 464)
6000 (2270)
1000 (464)
1OO (46 4)
100(464)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
10 (4.64)
1O (4 64)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
6000 (2270)
10 (4 64)
1O (4 64)
100(464)
6000 (2270)
»*
10 (4 64)
1OO (46 4)
1OOO (464)
100(464)
6000 (2270)
F-28
September 1992
-------
Appendix F
. i
Hazardous Substance
ithytthiouracil
tvinphos
(•
ixacarbata
tomycin C
WG
>noethylamine
inomethylamine
jlti Source Leachate
jscimol
led
1 2-Naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-
k-I3-amino-2,3,6-tndeoxy-alpha-
yxo-hexopyranosyt)oxy]-
.9, 1 0-tetrahydro-6,8, 11 -
iydroxy-1-methoxy, (8S-cis)-
Naphthalenamine
Naphthalenamme
iphthalenamme,N,N'-bis(2-
iloroethyl)-
iphthalene
sphthalene, 2-chloro-
4-Naphthalenedione
7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid,
3'-»3.3'-dimethyl-(1,1'-
fphenyl)-4,4'-diyl)-bis(azo)Jl«8(6-
mno-4-hydroxy)tetraeodium salt
aphthenic acid
,4-Naphthoquinone
pha-Naphthylamine
Bta-Naphthylamme
CASRN
66042
7786347
316184
60077
70267
76O47
74896
2763964
3O0766
2083O813
134327
91698
494031
91203
91687
130164
72671
1338246
130164
134327
91698
i
Regulatory Synonyms
4{1H)-Pyrimidmone, 2,3-dihydro-6-
methyl-2-thioxo-
Azrmo[2',3' 3,4Jpyrrolo[1.2-
a]indole-4,7-dione,6-amino-8-
[{(aminocarbonyl)oxy)rnethyll-
1 . 1e,2,«,8a,8b-hexahydro-8a-
methoxy-6-mathyl, (1aS-(1aalpha,
8beta,8aalpha, Sbalpha)!-
Guanidine, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-
nrtroso-
3(2H)-l60xazotone, 6-
(ammomethyl)- B-(Amino-methyi)-
3-iscixazolol
Daunomycin
alpha-Naphthylamme
bota-Naphthylarnine
Chlornaphazine
bota-Chtoronaphthatenc 2-
Chloronaphthatone
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
Trypan blue
1 ,4-Naphthalenedione
1 ,-Naphthalenamine
2,-Naphthalenamme
Statutory
RQ
1»
1
1OOO
1»
1»
1OOO
1000
1-
1«
10
!•
1«
1«
1«
6000
V
1»
1»
1OO
1«
1*
1-
Ceitot
4
1
1
4
4
1
1
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
1.2.4
2,4
4
4
1
4
4
4
RCRA
WMto*
U164
U010
U163
F039
P007
U069
U167
U168
U026
U166
UO47
U166
U236
U166
U167
U168
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
A
C
A
A
B
B
X
C
A
A
B
A
B
B
O
O
A
B
D
B
A
Pound* (Kg)
10 (4.64)
10 (4.64)
1000(464)
10 (4.64)
10 (4.64)
100 (46.4)
1*00(464)
1 (0464)
10OO{454»
1O (4.64)
10 (4 64)
100 (46.4)
10 (4.64)
100 (46.4)
1OO (46 4)
600O (227O)
6OOO (2270)
10 (4 64)
100 (46.4)
6000 (2270)
100 (46 4)
10 (4.64)
ptember 1992
F-29
-------
Appendix f
i i '(I1 I" III"1!1 Ill I III "(I til lllli ill llllllH III Will" I'll'li I HI) lIPI'i"!'*!11 llll "I II I ill1 II II lllliliilllillllllll'ill
1 i i| iV I" (I If iilii'll'illl'ii'llW'!,!)''!!, III ill lilliiliil 1, I'liHi1 "in •
lii i i I n i I I • i||ii|ii|iii|iii I i I ii i iihii »i llll i i I i r
I ' III I III lll'l ll II ll l( Illllllll
Ill illilll 1 IN 1111
*
Hazardous Substance
alpha NaphthyhhJouraa
Nicktltt
Nickal ammonium eutfate
NICKEL AND COMPOUNDS
Nickal carbonyl
Nickal carbonyl Ni{CO)4. (T-4)-
Nlckal chloride
Nickal cyantda
Nickal cyanida Ni(CN)2
Nickal hydroxida
Nickal nhrata
Nickal tuffata
Nicotine, & eatte
Nitric acki
Nhrte acid, thalium (1 +) salt
Nickal oxide
p Nitroanlline
Nrtrobanzana
Nitrogen dtoxida
Nitrogen oxide NO
Nitrogen oxlda NO2
Nttroglycarine
Nttrophenol (mixad)
m-Nitrophenol
o Nitrophanol
p Nitrophanol
o Nitropharvol
p Nitrophanol
CASRN
86884
7440020
16699180
N/A
13463393
13463393
7718649
37211066
667197
667197
12054487
14216762
7786814
64116
7697372
10102461
10102439
1OOO16
98963
10102440
10644726
10102439
10102440
10644726
66630
26164666
664847
88766
10O027
88766
100027
Regulatory Synonyms
Thtourea, 1-naphthalenyl-
Nickel carbonyl Ni(CO)4, (T-4)-
Nickel carbonyl
Nickel cyanide Ni(CN)2
Nickel cyanida
Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-
pyrrohdinyl)-, (Sl-
Thallium (1) nitrate
Nittrogen oxide NO
Benzenamine, 4-nrtro-
Benzene, nitro-
Nitrogen oxida NO2
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen dioxide
•
1,2,3-Propanatnol, tnnrtrate-
2-Nitrophanol
Phenol, 4-nhro-
4-Nitrophanol
2-Nitrophenol
Phenol, 4-nrtro- 4-Nitrophenol
' Statutory
RQ
1»
1-
6000
1«
1«
!•
6OOO
6000
1»
1«
1000
6000
6000
1*
1OOO
!•
1»
1»
1000
10OO
1000
1«
1000
1»
1000
1000
1000
Codat
4
2
1
2
4
4
1
1
4
4
1
1
1
4
1
4
4
4
1.2,4
1.4
1.4
4
1.4
4
1
1.2
1,2.4
RCRA
Waate*
PO72
PO73
P073
P074
P074
P076
U217
P076
P077
U169
P078
P078
PO76
P078
PO81
U170
Final RQ
CaW-
gory
B
B
B
A
A
B
B
A
A
A
B
B
B
C
B
A
D
C
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
Pound. (Kg)
1OO (46 4)
100 (46 4)
100(464)
*•
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
100 (46 4)
100(464)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
100 (46 4)
100(464)
100(464)
1OOO (464)
100(464)
10 (4 64)
6000 (2270)
10OO (464)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
1O (4 64)
100(464)
1OO (46 4)
100(464)
100(464)
F-30
September 1992
-------
Appendix f
» ^
Hazardous Substance
rtrophenol
itrophenol
BOPHENOLS
itropropane
ROSAMINES
litro*odi-n-butylamirw
Jitrosodiathanolamine
Jitrosodiethylamine
itroGodimethylamme
itrosodiphenylamine
Jitroso-N-ethykirea
hroso-N-methyluraa
itroso-N-methyhirethane
itrosomethylvinylamine
itrosopipendtne
itrosopyrrolidme
otoluene
-Nitrotoluene
Nitrotohiene
Nitrototuane
itro-o-tokiidine
amethylpyrophosphoramide
mum oxide OsO4 (T-4)-
nkim tetroxide
xabicyck>[2 2 1]heptane-2,3-
irboxybc acid
-Oxathiolane, 2,2-dioxide
1 ,3,2-Oxazaphosphorin-2-
ine, N,N-tNs(2-chloroathyn
ahydro-, 2-oxide
rane
ranecarboxyaWehyde
CASRN
88766
100027
N/A
79469
N/A
924163
1116647
66186
62769
86306
769739
684936
616632
46494OO
100764
930662
1321126
99081
88722
99990
99668
162169
20816120
20816120
146733
1120714
60 ISO
76218
766344
Regulatory Synonyms
o-Nitrophenol
p-Nitrophenot Phenol, 4-nrtro-
Propane, 2-nrtro-
1-Buitanamme, N-butyl-N-nitroso-
Ethanol, 2,2'-(nttrosoimino)bis-
Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-nrtroso-
Methanamme, N-methyl-N-nitroso-
Urea, N-othyl-N-nitroso-
Urea, N-metHyl-N-nftroso
Carbtimic acid, mathylnrtroeo-,
ethyl estar
Vinlyiimine, N-methyl-N-nitroso-
Pipendme, 1-nitroso-
Pyrrolidine, l-n'rtroso-
Benzenannne, 2-methyl-6-nitro-
Diphosphoramide, octamethyl-
Osmaim tetroxide
Osmium oxide OsO4 (T-4)-
Endothall
1 ,3-Propane euttone
Cyclop hosphamide
Ethylane oxide
Gtycidylaldehydo
Statutory
RQ
1000
1000
1»
1«
!•
1«
1«
!•
1-
!•
!•
1-
1»
1«
1-
1»
1OOO
1-
1»
!•
1*
1»
1»
1»
1»
1»
Cmtot
1.2
1.2,4
2
4
2
4
4
4
2.4
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
WMt«*
U170
U171
U172
U173
U174
P082
U176
U177
U178
P084
U179
U18O
U181
P086
P087
P087
P088
U193
U068
U116
U126
Final RQ
Cato-
gery
B
B
A
A
X
X
/A
B
X
X
X
A
A
X
c
B
B
C
C
c
A
A
A
A
Pound* (Kg)
* 1O01464)
100(464)
»*>
10 (4.64)
• »
10 (4.64)
1 (O 464)
1 (0464)
10 (4 64)
100 (46 4)
1 (0 464}
1 (O464)
1 (0464)
10(464)
10 (4 64)
1 (O464)
1000 (464)
10O (46 4)
100 (46 4)
10OO (464)
10OO (464)
1OOO (464)
10 (4.64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4.64)
10 (4 64)
ember 1992
F-31
-------
Appendix F
ii Min iiii ii in mi IIP ii i n i1 HI HI IH i in h yip 111111% 'i nun
1 hi W.i
*
Hazardous Substance
Oxirarw, (chloromathyl}-
P«TafonDikf»hyd»
P*r«W§hvd«
P«f«thion
P«ntich!ofob«rtt«r>«
P«nticWofMthan«
P«nttchk>ronltrob*n2«n« (PCNB)
Pcntichlorophenol
1,3-Parrtadton*
PcrchtoroathyierM
Ph«n*c«t!n
Phtnanthren*
Ptwnol
Ptwnol, 2-ehloro-
Phcnol, 4-chtofo-3-m«thyl-
Phenol, 2-cycloh«xyl-4,6-dinitro-
Ph*nol, 2.4-dichIoro-
Ptwnol, 2,6-dichk>fo
Ph«no1, 4,4'-U.2-dwthyl-1,2-
•th«n«diyl)b5«-. (E)
Ptwnol, 2,4-dimtthyl-
Ptwnol, 2,4-dinhro-
Phtnol, m«thyl-
m Crttol
o-Cr*tol
p-Cr«tol
PJwnol, 2-m«thyl-4.e-dinttro-
Phtnol, 2,2'-m*thyl«n«blc[3.4,6-
trichtoro-
Phenol, 2-(1-m«thylpropyl)-4,6-
din'rtro
CASRN
106898
30525894
123637
66382
6O8935
76017
82688
87865
EO46O9
127184
62442
85018
108962
95678
696O7
131896
120832
8765O
66531
105679
61286
1319773
108394
95487
106445
634621
7O304
88867
Regulatory Synonyms
Epichlorohydrin
1,3,6-TrioxarvB, 2,4,6-trimethyl-
Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-diethyl
O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester
Benzene, pentachloro-
Ethane, pentachloro-
Benzene, pentochloronrtro-
Phenot, pentachloro-
1 -Methylbutadiene
Ethane, tetrachloro- Tetrachloro-
ethane Tetrachlor-oethylene
Acetamide, N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-
Banzena, hydtoxy-
o-Chlorophenol 2-Chlorophenol
p-Chloro-m-crasol
4-Chloro-tn-cresol
2-Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Oichlorophenol
Diethyletilbeetrol
2,4-Dimethylphenol
2,4-Dinitropheno!
Cresol(s) Crasylic«oid
m-Cresylic acid
o-Cresylic acid
p-Crasylic acid
4,6-Din'rtro-o-Dresol and satte
Hexachloroptvane
Omoseb
> Statutory
RQ
1000
1000
1»
1
1«
!•
1«
10
1-
1«
1»
!•
10OO
1»
1»
1«
1«
1»
1»
1»
1OOO
1000
1000
1OOO
1OOO
1»
1-
1»
Cod«t
1.4
1
4
1.4
4
4
4
1.2,4
4
2.4
4
2
1.2,4
2,4
2,4
4
2,4
4
4
2.4
1.2,4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
2.4
4
4
RCRA
WMte*
U041
U182
PO89
U183
U184
U186
U242
U186
U210
U187
U188
U048
U039
P034
U081
U082
UO89
U1O1
P048
U062
U062
U052
U062
P047
U132
PO20
Final RQ
Cat*-
gocy
B
C
C
A
A
A
B
A
B
B
B
D
C
B
D
B
B
B
X
B
A
C
C
C
C
A
B
C
Pound* (Kg)
100 (46 4)
1000 (454)
1000 (454)
10 (4 64)
1O (4 64)
10 (4 64)
100 (46 4)
10 (4 54)
100 (46 4)
1OO (45 4)
100 (46 4)
5000 (2270)
1OOO (454)
100(454)
6000 (2270)
100(454)
100(454)
100(464)
1 (0464)
100(464)
10 (4 64)
1000 (454)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
10 (4 64)
100(464)
1000 (464)
F-32
) 11 "in in v i in i
September 1992
-------
Appendix F
* \
Hazardous Substance
tanol, 4-nltro.-
wnol, pentachloro-
wnol. 2.3,4,6-tetrachloro-
ienol, 2.4,6-tnchloro-
wnol, 2,4,6-trJchloro-
tenol, 2,4,6-trinrtro-, ammonium
itt
Phenytalanine, 4-Ibis(2-
iloroethyl) aminol]
,1O-(1 ,2-Ph«nylane)pyrene
wnylmercury acetate
wnylthiourea
mate
tosgene
wsphine
wsphonc acid
losphonc acid, diethyl 4-
trophanyl ester
wsphonc acid, tead(2+) aatt
.3)
wsphorodithioic acid, O,O-diethyl
[2-(ethytthK>)ethyl]ester
losphorodrthiolc acid, O,O-diethyI
(ethytthio), methyl aster
losphorodithtoic acid, O.O-diethyl
•methyl aster
tosphorodfthioic acid, O,O-
imethyl S-[2(methylamino)-2-
xoethyll eater
wsphorofluoridic acid, b»(1-
lethylethyl) aster
hosphorothwic acid. O,O-dwthyl
i-(4-n"rtrophenyl) aster
wsphorothioic acid, O,(4-
dimethylaminojsulfonylj
henyl]O,O-dimethyl aster
/
CASRN
10O027
87866
68902
96964
88062
131748
148823
193396
62384
103866
298022
76446
7803612
7664382
311466
7446277
298044
298022
3288682
60616
66914
66382
62867
V
Regulatory Synonyms
p-Nitrophenol
4-Nftrophenol
Pantaehloroprwnol
2,3,4,6-Tetraehterophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Tnchlorophenol
Ammonium picrate
Melphalan
Indonod ,2,3-cd)pyrene
Mercury, (acetato-O)phenyl-
Thkturea, phenyl-
Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-diothyl
S-(fithylthio), methyl ester
Carbonic dichloruto
Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate
Lead phosphate
OisuHoton
Phorata
O,O-Dwthyl S-methyl
drthiophosphate
Oimathoata
Diisopropytfkiorophosphate
Parathion
Famphur
, Statutory
RQ
10OO
10
1«
10
10
1-
1«
1»
1»
1»
1»
6000
1»
6000
1«
1*
1
1-
1«
1«
1"
1
1*
Codet
1,2,4
1,2.4
4
1.4
1.2,4
4
4
2,4
4
4
4
1.4
4
1
4
4
1.4
4
4
4
4
1.4
4
RCRA
Warn*
U170
U242
U212
U230
U231
POOS
U160
U137
PO92
P093
PO94
P096
PO96
PO41
U146
PO39
PO94
UO87
P044
P043
P089
P097
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
.B
A
A
A
A
A
X
B
B
B
A
A
B
O
B
X
A
D
A
B
A '
C
Pound* (Kg)
100 (45 4)
10 14 64)
10 (4.64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4.64)
10 (4.64)
1 iO.464)
100(464)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
10 (4 64)
10 (4.64)
100 (46 4)
6000 (2270)
100 (46.4)
f
1 (0464)
10 (4 64)
6000 (2270)
10 (4.64}
100 (46 4)
10 (4.64)
1OOO (464)
ptember 1992
F-33
-------
Appendix F
I n lliu I I III I'll Ml ill P lii ill III hill i linn pi i
nil > 'I 1 I-|li |i li III illliiil • Vj In \ il ||| ,'1' I IffiliiiVilNilllllliff'i \
„ *
Hazardous Substanca
Phosphorolhtolc «cW, O,O-
dim«thyl O-{4-nhroph«nyl) ester
Photphofolhtoic tcW, O.O-diethyl
O-pyrazinyl ester
Phosphorus
Phosphorus oxyclorid*
Phosphorus pentasutfide
Phosphorus suHid*
Phosophorue trichloride
PHTHALATE ESTERS
PhthaRe anhydride
2-PicoRrHi
Piperidine, 1-nitro«o-
Plumbane, tetraethyi-
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCB«)
ArocJor 1O16
Aroctor 1221
Arock>M232
Aroclof 1242 *
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS
Pot»««kjm «r*inat«
Potittfum aretntt*
Potawlom bichromate
Potatikim chromot*
CASRN
29800O
297972
7723 14O
1002E873
1314803
1314803
7719122
N/A
86449
109068
100764
78O02
1336363
12674112
111O4282
11141166
63469218
12672296
11097691
11096826
N/A
7784410
1O1 24602
77786O9
77890O6
Regulatory Synonyms
Methyl parathion
O,O-Diethyl O-pyrazinyl
phocphorothioate
Phosphorus sulfkte
Sulfur phosphide
Phosphorus psntasutfide
Sulfur phosphide
1 ,3-lsobenzof urandione
Pyridtne, 2-m«thyl-
N-Nitrosopiperidine
Tetraethyl toad
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS '
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORlNATEb BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
Statutory
RQ
100
1"
1
6OOO
100
100
6OOO
!•
1»
1-
1«
1OO
10
1»
1000
1OOO
1000
1OOO
Codet
1,4
4
1
1
1.4
1,4
1
2
4
4
4
1,4
1.2
2
1
1
1
1
RCRA
WMM*
P071
P040
U189
U189
U190
U191
U179
P110
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
B
X
c
B
B
C
D
D
A
A
X
X
X
A
A
Pounds (Kg)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
1 (0464)
1000 (464)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
1000 (464)
*>•
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
1O (4 64)
10 (4 64)
1 (0 464)
• •
1 (0 464)
1 (0 464)
- 10 (4 64)
10 (4 64) |
F-34
September 1991
-------
Appendix F
^,
. <•
Hazardous Substance
ttasshjm cyanide
itaeeium cyanide K(CN)
ttassium hydroxide
itassium permanganato
itassium silver cyanide
onamide
opanal, 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)-,
[(methylammo)carbonylloxime
Propanamme
Propanamme, N-propyl-
Propanamine, N-nitroso-N-propyl-
opane, 1 ,2-dibromo-3-chloro-
opane, 2-nftro-
3-Propane auttone
opane, 1,2-dichloro-
opanedinitnle
opanenitnle
opanenitnle, 3-chloro-
opanenitrile, 2-hydroxy-2-
ethyl-
opane, 2,2'-oxybis(2-chloro-
,2,3-Propanetnol, trinrtrate-
Propanol, 2,3-dibromo-,
losphate (3 1)
Propanol, 2-methyl-
Propanone
Propanone, 1-bromo-
ropargite
ropargyl alcohol
Propanal
Propenamide
CASRN
151608
161608
1310683
7722647
606616
23960686
116063
107108
142847
621647
86128
79469
1120714
78876
1O9773
107120
642767
76866
108601
6663O
126727
78831
67641
698312
2312368
107197
1O7028
79061
t
Regulatory Synonyms
Potassium cyanide K (CN)
Potassium cyanide
Argentate (1-), bisfcyano-C)-,
potassium
Benzamide, 3 6-dichloro-N-(1.1-
dimethyl-2-propynyl)-
AWncarfo
n-Piopylamme
Dipiopylamme
Di-n-propylnitrosamine
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
2-Nitropropane
1,2-Oxathiolane, 2,2-dioxide
Propytone dicWonda
1 .2 Dichloropropane
Malononitnle
Ethyl cynide
3-Cliloropropionitnle
Acetone cyanohydrm
2-Methyllactonitrile
Dichloroisopropyl ether
Nitroglycenne
TnsU.S-dibromopropyl) phosphate
•
Isobuty! alcohol
Acettone
Bromoacetone
2-Propyn-1-ol
Acrolam
Acrylamide
Statutory
RQ
10
10
1000
100
1»
i»
1»
i»
i«
!•
1*
1*
1"
6000
1«
1«
1»
10
1«
1»
1«
1»
1»
1-
10
1*
1
1»
Codst
1.4
1.4
1
1
4
4
4
4
4
2,4
4
4
4
1.2,4
4
4
4
1.4
2.4
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
1.2,4
4
RCRA
Waste*
PO98
P098
PO99
U182
P070
U194
U110
U111
U066
U171
U193
U083
U149
P101
P027
P069
U027
P081
U236
0140
UO02
PO17
P102
POOS
U007
Final RQ
Cato-
«ory
A
A
C
B
X
o
X
D
D
A
X
A
A
C
C
A
C
A
C
A
A
D
0
C
A
C
X
D
Pounds (Kg)
1044JB4)
10 (4.64)
1000(464)
100 (46 4)
1 (0464)
6OOO (2270)
1 (0464)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
10 (4 64)
1 (0.464)
10 (4.64)
10 (4.64)
1000(464)
1000(464)
10 (4.64)
1000 (464)
10 (4.64)
1000 (464)
1O (4 64)
1O (4.64)
6OOO (2270)
6000 (2270)
1000 (464)
10 (4.64)
1000 (464)
1 (0464)
6000 (2270)
ptember 1992
F-35
-------
^ \
Hazardous Substance
1 -Propane, 1,1.2,3,3,3-
hexacMoro-
1-Proptne, 1,3-dichloro-
2-Propenanfcrila
2-PropenenitrHe, 2-methyi-
2-Propeno!c acid
2-Propertolc acid, ethyl eater
2-PropanoJc acid, 2-methyl-. ethyl
••tM-
2-Prop*r»tc acid, 2-methyK
mtthy) eater
2 Pfopen-1-ol
Proptonfe add
Propkmfe acid, 2-12,4.6-
trfchtarophenoxy)-
Proptonte anhydride
rhPropylamtna
Propylerte dfchlorkJe
Propyton* ox'td*
1,2-Propy}onimIn«
2-Propyn-1-ol
Py«M
Pyrtthrin*
3,6 Pyrid«2k»dfont. 1.2-dihydro-
4-PyridinamIn*
Pyrklm*
Pyrkfin*, 2-m«thyt-
PytWio*, 3m-m«thyt-2-
pyrroBdmyi]-, !S)
2,4-11 H,3H)-Pyr(mk)tn«dwn«, 6-
Ib«(2-chtofo«thyl)tnnloo]-
4(1H)-PyrimWinon«, 2,3-dihydro-6-
m»thyl-2-thioxo-
CASRN
1888717
642766
107131
126987
79107
140886
97632
80626
107186
79094
93721
123626
107108
78876
76E69
76668
107197
129OOO
121299
121211
8003347
123331
6O4246
110861
109O68
64116
66761
66042
Regulatory Synonyms
Hexachloropropan*
1 ,3-Dichk»T opr opena
AcrytonHrN*
Mathacrytonrtrile
Acrylic acid
Ethyl acrylato
Ethyl methacrylata
Methyl mothiicrylata
Altyl alcohol
Silvex (2,4,6-TP)
2,4,6-TP acid
1-Propanamine
Propane, 1 ,2-dichtoro-
1 ,2-Dichlorapropane
Azindme, 2-methyl-
Propargyl alcohol
Maletc hydraxide
4-Aminopyrldina
2-Pwoline
Nicotine, & siitt*
Uracll mustard
Methytthiouracn
, Statutory
RQ
1»
6OOO
1OO
1«
1»
1»
1»
6000
1OO
BOOO
1OO
BOOO
1»
6000
BOOO
1«
!•
1»
1OOO
1OOO
1OOO
1«
1»
1«
f
1»
1«
1«
Codaf
4
1.2.4
1.2,4
4
4
4
4
1.4
1.4
1
1.4
1
4
1,2.4
1
4
4
2
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
WMW*
U243
U084
U009
U162
UOO8
U113
U118
U162
PO06
U233
U194
U083
P067
P1O2
U148
POOS
U196
U191
P076
U237
U164
Final RQ
Cat*-
9«V
C
B
B
C
0
C
C
C
B
D
B
O
D
C
B
X
C
D
X
X
X
D
C
C
D
B
A
A
Pound* (Kg)
1000(464)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
1000 (464)
6000 (2270)
10OO (464)
1000 (464)
1OOO (464)
100 (46.4)
5000 (2270)
100 (46 4)
6000 (2270)
15000 (2270)
1000 (464)
100 (46 4)
1 (0.464)
1000(464)
6000 (2270)
1 (0 464)
1 (0464)
1 (0464)
6000 (2270)
1000 (464)
1000(464)
6000 (2270)
100 (46 4)
10 (4.64)
10 (4 64)
F-36
September 1992
II lil in I in i Hi Ill m I ill nil ill 11
-------
Appendix F
. V
Hazardous Substance
rohdine, 1-nftroeo-
noline
DIONUCUDES
Mrpine
torcinol
icharin and salts
role
anious acid
emous acid, drthallium (1 +) salt
eniumTT
.ENIUM AND COMPOUNDS
enium dioxide
entum oxide
•mum sutfide
enium culfide SeS2
enourea
erine, diazoacetate (ester)
wtt
VER AND COMPOUNDS
/er cyanide
/er cyanide Ag (CN)
/er nitrate
/ex (2,4,6-TP)
dium
dtum arsenate
dium areenrte
dium azide
dium bichromate
CASRN
930552
91226
N/A
60565
108463
81072
94697
7783008
12039520
7782492
N/A
7446084
7446084
7488664
7488664
630104
116026
7440224
N/A
606649
606649
7761888
93721
7440236
7631892
7784466
26628228
10688019
Regulatory Synonyms
N-NHiroeopyrrolidine
Yohimban-1 6-earboxylic acid,
11,1 7-dimethoxy-1 8-1(3,4,6-
trimtithoxybenzoyQoxy-. methyl
ectei (3beta, 16bata, 17alpha,
18bcita, 20alpha)-
1,3-Benzenediol
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-ono, 1.1-
dioxide
1 ,3-Henzodioxofe, 5-(2-propenyl>-
Thallium selenfte
Selenium oxide
Selenium dioxide
Selenium «ulfido SeS2
Selenium sulfide
Azaserine
Silver cyanide Ag(CN)
Silver cyanjde
Propionic acid, 2-(2,4,5-
tnchlorophenoxy)-
2,4,b-TP acid
Statutory
RQ
1«
1000
1*
!•
1OOO
1»
1-
1»
1"
1»
1-
10OO
10OO
1«
1»
!•
1"
1»
1«
1»
1»
1
1OO
1OOO
1OOO
1OOO
1»
1000
Cod*t
4
1
3
4
1,4
4
4
4
4
2
2
1.4
1.4
4
4
4
4
2
2
4
4
1
1.4
1
1
1
4
1
RCRA
WMM*
U180
U200
U201
U202
U203
U204
P114
U204
U2O4
U206
U206
PI 03
UO15
P1O4
P1O4
U233
P105
final RQ
CM*-
«ory
X
D
D
D
B
B
A
C
B
A
A
A
A
C
X
C
X
X
X
B
A
X
X
C
A
Pound* (Kg)
1 (O 454)
6000 C2270)
i
6000 C2270)
5000 (2270)
100 (46 4)
100(454)
10 (4 64)
1000 (464)
100(454)
• *
10 (4.54)
10(464)
1O (4.64)
10 (4 64)
100O (454)
1 (0.454)
1000 (454)
• *
1 (O464)
1 (0464)
1 (0464)
10O (46 4)
1O (4 64)
1 (0 454)
1(0454)
1000 (454)
10 (4 54)
itember 1992
F-37
-------
Appendix F
* *
Hazardous Substance
Sodium btttuorkto
Sodium MauHfta
Sodium chromata
Sodium cyanWa
Sodium eyanJda Na (CN)
Sodium dodacyfcanzanaautfonata
Sodium fkiorida
Sodium hyoYoautfida
Sodium hydroxida
Sodium hypocMorita
Sodium methylate
Sodktm nftrfte
Sodium phoiphata. dibasic
Sodium phoaphata, tribaalc
Sodium aalanlta
Straptoxotocin
Strontium chromata
StiychnJdln-1 0-ona
StrychnWm-1 0-ona, 2,3-
dimathoxy-
Strychnina, & «alts
CASRN
1333831
7631906
777B113
143339
143339
2B1BB300
7681494
16721 806
1310732
7681629
1O022706
124414
76320OO
7668794
10039324
10140666
76O1649
7768294
7786844
10101890
1O1 24668
1O361894
1 O1 021 88
7782823
18883664
7789062
67249
367673
67249
Regulatory Synonyms
Sodium cyanide Na(CN)
Sodium cyanida
•
D-Gkicosa, 2-deoxy-2-
IKtnethylnrtronoaminol-carbonyl]
amino]-
Gkitopyranoan, 2-daoxy-2-(3-
methyl-3-nitroaouratdo)-
Strychnina, & aatta
Brucme
Strychn!dm-1 0-one
'' Statutory
RQ
60OO
6000
10OO
1O
10
10OO
6OOO
6OOO
1000
1OO
1OO
1000
100
6000
6OOO
6OOO
60OO
6OOO
6OOO
6000
60OO
6000
1OOO
1"
1OOO
1O
1"
1O
Codat
1
1
1
1,4
1.4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1*
4
1.4
RCRA
Waata*
P106
PI 06
U206
P108
P018
PI 08
Final RQ
Cau-
«ocy
B
D
A
A
A
C
c
D
C
B
B
C
B
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
B
X
A
A
B
A
Pound* (Kg)
1OO (46 4)
6000 (2270)
10 (4 64)
10 (4.64)
10 (4 64)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
GOOD (2270)
10OO (464)
100(464)
100 (46 4)
1000 (464)
100(464)
6OOO (2270)
bOOO (2270)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
BOOO (2270)
bOOO (2270)
6000 (2270)
KOOO (2270)
1OO (46 4)
1 (O 464)
10 (4.64)
10 (4 64)
1OO (46 4)
10 (4.64)
F-38
September 1992
-------
Appendix F
* 4.
Hazardous Substance
yrane
jlfur monochloride
Jlfur phosphide
jlfuric acid
jlfunc acid, dithallium (1+) salt
ulfunc add, dimathyl ester
,4.6-T acid
,4,5-T aminee
.4.B-T esters
.
,4,6-T salts
.4.6-T
•DE
t
,2,4,6-Tetrachlorobanzana
,3,7,8-Tatrachlorodibanzo-p-
Jioxin (TCDD)
.1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroathane
,1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroathane
CASRN
100426
12771083
1314803
7664939
8014967
7446186
1O031B91
77781
93766
2008460
1319728
3813147
6369966
6369977
93798
1928478
2646697
26168164
61792072
13660991
93766
72648
96943
1746016
630206
79346
r
Regulatory Synonyms
Phosphorus pantasulfida
Phosphorus sutftda
>
Thallium (1) sulfate
Dimethyl culfate
Acotic acid, (2,4,6-
trichlorophenoxy)
2.4,6-T
Acotic acid, (2,4,6-
trichlorophenoxy}
2,4,6-T qcid
Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2-
dichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro-
DDD 4,4* ODD
Benzene, 1 ,2,4,6-tatrachtoro-
Ethane, 1.1,1 ,2-tatrachtoro-
ithane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-
Statutory
RQ
1000
1OOO
100
1OOO
1000
10OO
1000
!•
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1
1«
1»
1«
1»
Codat
1
1
1,4
1
1
1.4
1.4
4
1.4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1.4
1.2.4
4
2
4
2.4
RCRA
Wasta*
U189
P116
P116
U103
U232
*
U232
U060
U2O7
U208
U209
Final RQ
Cau-
•«nr
C
c
B
C
C
B
B
B
C
D
D
O
D
JD
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
X
D
X
B
B
Pound* PCfl)
1000 (464)
1000(464)
100 (46.4)
1000(464)
1000(464)
100 (46.4)
100 (46.4)
100 (46.4)
1000(464)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
6000 (227JB*
1OOO (464)
10OO (464)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
1OOO (464)
1OOO (464)
1000 (464)
1(0464)
6000 (2270)
1 (0464)
1OO (46 4)
100 (46 4)
ptember 1992
F-39
-------
Appendix F
1 ^
Hazardous Substance
Tetrachloroethana
Tatrachloroethylane
2,3,4,6-Tetnchtorophanol
Tetraethvi laad
Tatraathyl pyrophoephate
Tatraathyklfthlopyrophoephate
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetranttromethane
Tatraphoaphoric acid, haxaathyl
eater
ThaWfe oxkia
ThaHktmtt
Thallium and compound*
ThaKium (1) acetate
Thallium (1) earfoonata
Thallium (1) chloride
ThaKum chloride TICI
ThaBium (I) nitrate
Thallium oxide T1203
Thallium aelenlte
Thallium (1) aulfata
Thioacatamide
ThJooTpbotphorks acid, tatraethyl
•ctar
Thkifanox
TMoimWodicerbonk: diamida
I(H2N)C(S)] 2NH
Thiomathanol
CASRN
127184
127184
E8902
78002
1O7483
368824B
1O8899
E09148
757684
1314326
7440280
N/A
663688
6633739
7791120
7791120
1O1024B1
1314326
1203952O
7446186
10031691
62666
3689246
39196184
641637
74931
Regulatory Synonyms
Ethana, tetraeWoro-
Perchloroethylina
Tetrachtoroathylane
Ethene, tatrnchloro-
Parchloroathyl«n«
Tatrachloroettone
Phenol, 2,3,4,6-tatrachtoro-
Piumbane, tatraathyl-
Diphoaphoric acid, tatraethyl eater
TTuodiphoaphonc acid, tetraethyl
eater
Furan, tatrahydro-
Methane, tetranftro-
Hexaethyl tetraphoaphoate
Thallium oxide TI203
Acetic acid, thallium (1 +} «alt
Carbonic acid, dithallium (1 +) aatt
Thallium chlonce TICI
Thallium (1) chloride
Nitric acid, thallium {1 +) aalt
Thallic oxide
Selcnioue acid, dithallium (1 +) aalt
Suffurw acid, dithallium (1 +) aalt
•
Ethanethioamide
Tetroethylditruopyrophosphate
2-Butanone, 3r3-dimethy)-1-
(mathyhhio)-, OKmethylamino)
carbonyl) oxime
Dithiobiuret
Methanethiol
Methylmercaptan
1 Statutory
RQ
1»
1«
1«
10O
100
1»
1»
1»
!•
1»
1-
1"
1"
1*
f
1»
!•
1»
1"
1OOO
1OOO
1»
1«
1"
1«
100
Codat
2.4
2,4
4
1.4
1.4
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1.4
1.4
4
4
4
4
1.4
KCRA
Waete*
U210
U210
U212
P110
P111
P109
U213
P1 12
PO62
P113
U214
U216
U216
U216
U217
P113
P1 14
P116
P116
U218
P109
PO46
P049
U163
Final RQ
Cata-
flory
B
B
A
A
A
B
C
A
B
B
C
B
B
B
B
B
B
C
B
B
A
B
B
B
B
PoundalKg)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
1O (4.64)
100 (46 4)
1OOO (464)
10 (4 64)
100 (46.4)
100 (46 4)
1000 (464)
**
100 (46.4)
100 (46 4)
100(464)
1OO (46 4)
100 (46 4)
100(464)
10OO (464)
100 (46 4)
100(464)
10 (4 64)
100 (46.4)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
F-40
September 1992
-------
Appendix F
0 *
Hazardous Substance
operoxydicarbonic diamide
2N)C(S)1 2S2, tetramethyl-
ioptonol
osemtearbazide
tourea
murea, (2-chlorophenyD-
iourea, 1-naphthalanyl-
louraa, phenyl-
iram
ikiene
ikienadiamine
ihiane dusocyanate
Toluidme
Toluidine
Toluidme hydrochlonde
axaphene
,4.6-TP acid
,4,6-TP esters
•M ,2,4-Tnazol-3-emine
riehlorfon
,2,4-Tnchlorobenzane
,1,1 -Trichtoroethane
,1 ,2-Trichloroethane
nchloroethene
CASRN
137268
108985
78186
62566
6344821
86884
1O3855
137268
108883
85807
496720
823405
26376458
584849
81O87
26471626
85534
1O6490
636215
8001352
83721
32634955
61826
52686
120821
71556
79006
79016
*,
Regulatory Synonyms
Thrum
Benrenethiol
Hydi azinacarbothioamide
1-(o ChlorophenyDthiouraa
alprw-Nophthytthiourea
Phenylthiourea
Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide
l(H2N)C(S)J 2S2, tetramethyl-
Benrene, methyl-
Bem'enediamme, ar-methyl-
Bem'ene, 1,3-dii6ocyanatomethyl-
Beruenamme, 2-methyl-
Berveruimine, 4-methyl-
Ben.ienumme, 2-methyl-,
hydiochlonde
Camphene, octachloro-
Propionic acid 2-{2,4,5-
tnchlorophenoxy)-
Sitvnx (2.4,6-TP)
Amitrole
Ethtine, 1,1,1-trichloro-
Methyl chloroform
Ethtine, 1 , 1 ,2-t nchloro-
Ethone, trichloro-
Trichloroethytene
Statutory
BQ
i«
1»
^•
1«
1«
i"
!•
1»
1000
1-
i«
1*
1«
i«
i»
1»
i«
1"
1«
1«
100
100
1-
100O
1»
1»
1»
1OOO
Codat
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1.2,4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1.2,4
1.4
1
4
1
2
2,4
2,4
1.2,4
RCRA
Waata*
U244
PO14
P116
U219
P026
PO72
P093
U244
U220
U221
U221
U221
U221
U223
U223
U223
U328
U353
U222
PI 23
U233
U011
U226
U227
U228
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
B
B
A
B
B
B
A
C
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
B
B
A
B
B
C
B
B
Pound. IJCfl)
10 (4.54)
100 (45.4)
100 (46 4)
10 (4 64)
100 (45 4)
100(464)
100 (45 4)
10 (4.64)
1000 (464)
10 (4 64)
1O (4 64)
10 (4 64)
1O (4 64)
100 (46 4)
100 (45 4)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
1OO (46 4)
100 (46 4)
1 (0 464)
100 (45 4)
100 (46 4)
10 (4 64)
100 (45.4)
100 (45 4)
1000 (454)
1OO (46 4)
100 (46 4)
ptember 1992
F-41
-------
Ill Mi (I IN ..... Ill1 i inl
i'WW
i liillil" H'lilli -'ii 1
lIlMlllli III i
............................
Appendix F
. V
Hazardous Substance
Ttfchioroethyiene
Trtehloromeiharjeiurfenyt chloride
Trichtoromortofluoromsthana
Trichtorophenol
2,3,4-TrfeWoropheno!
2,3.6-TricNoropbenol
2,3,6*Trich!orophenot
2,4,6~TrichlorophenoI
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
3,4,6-Trichtorophenol
2,4,5-TrichtorophenoI
2,4,6-Trk:htofOphanol
TriathanoIamJrve
do da cylbe nzaneeutf onate
Trwthylamin*
Trimethylamin*
1 ,3,6-Tr inhrobenzene
1 ,3,5*Trioxane, 2,4,6-trimethyl-
Tn»(2,3-dibromopfopyl) phosphate
Trypan blue
Unlisted Hazardous Wastes
Characteristic of Corroehrhy
Unlisted Hazardous Wastes
Characteristics.
Characteristic of Toxichy
Arsenic (O004)
Barium (OOOB)
Benzene (DO18)
Cadmium (OO06)
Carbon tetrachlorida (D019)
CASRN
79016
594423
7E6S4
26167822
1E950660
833788
933766
96964
88062
609198
96964
88062
27323417
121448
76603
99364
123637
126727
72671
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Regulatory Synonyms
Ethene, trichloro-
Trichloroethene
Methancsurfenyl chloride, trichloro-
Methane, trichlorofkioro-
Phenol, 2,4,6-tnchloro-
Phenol, 2,4,6-triohloro-
Phenol, 2,4,6-trichloro-
Phenol, 2,4,6-tnchloro-
Benzeno, 1 ,3,6-trinitro-
Paraldchyde
1-Propanol, 2,3-dibromo-,
phosphate ({3 1)
2,7-Naphthali3nedisutfonic acid,
3,3'-3,3'-dimBthyK1 . 1 '-biphenvl)-
4,4'-diyl)-bis(azo)]bi8(6-amino-4-
hydroxyl-tetrosodium salt
•
' Statutory
RQ
1000
1«
i«
10
10
10
10
1O»
10«
10«
10
1000
eooo
1000
i«
1»
!•
1«
1«
i»
•1
•i
1OOO
•1
6000
Codet
1.2,4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1.4
1,2.4
1,4
1.2,4
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1,2.
3,4
4
1.2,4
RCRA
Westell
U228
P118
U121
U230
U231
U230
U231
U234
U182
U236
U236
D002
D004
DOO6
DO18
O006
D019
Final RQ
Gate-
gory
B
B
D
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
D
B
A
C
A
A
B
X
C
A
A
A
Pounds (Kg)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
6000 (2270)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10(464)
10 (4 64)
1000 (464)
SOOO (2270)
100(464)
10 (4 64)
1000 (464)
10 (4.64)
10 (4 64)
100 (46 4)
1 (0464)
1000 (464)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
1O (4 64) I
F-42
September 199;
, I II ililllli'ili Si
-------
Appendix F
^
Hazardous Substance
Chlordane (D020)
Chlorobenzene (D021)
Chloroform (0022)
Chromium (D007)
o-Creso! (D023)
m-Creeol (0024)
p-Cresol (D026)
Cresol (O026)
2,4-0 (0016)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (O027)
1,2-Dichloroethane (O028)
1,1-Dohloroothylene (0029)
2,4-Dinitrotokiene (0030)
Endnn (D012)
Heptachlor (and epoxide) (0031)
Hexachlorobenzene (0032)
Hexachlorobutadiene (DO33)
Hexechloroethane (D034)
Lead (0008)
Lmdane (D013)
Mercury (D009)
Methoxychlor (0014)
Methyl ethyl ketone (O03B)
Nitrobenzene (DO36)
Pentachlorophenol (O037)
Pyndma (D038)
Selenium (D0 10)
Silver (D011)
Teterachloroethylerw (O039)
Toxaphene (D016)
Trichloroethytene (0040)
2,4,5-Tnchlorophenol (D041)
CASRN
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
»»
Regulatory Synonyms
-
-
Statutory
RQ
1
100
6000
•1
1000
1OOO
1OOO
1000
100
100
6000
6000
1OOO
1
1
•1
•1
•1
•1
1
•1
1
•1
100O
10
•1
•1
•1
•1
1
1000
10
Coctet
1,2.4
1.2.4
1.2,4
4
1.4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1.2,4
1.2,4
1.2,4
1.2,4
1,4
1.2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
4
1,4
4
1.4
4
1.2.4
1.2.4
4
4
4
2,4
1.4
1,2,4
1.4
RCRA
Waate*
DO20
D021
O022
DOO7
O023
0024
D026
D026
D016
O027
0028
0028
O030
0012
0031
D032
D033
0034
D008
D013
0009
0014
0036
DO36
D037
D038
0010
0011
D039
D016
0040
0041
Final RQ
Cato-
9ory
X
B
A
A
C
C
C
C
B
B
B
B
A
X
X
A
X
B
X
X
X
0
C
A
C
A
X
B
X
B
A
Pound* Kg)
. 1(0464)
100 (46 4)
10 (4 64)
10 (4.64)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
1OOI464)
100(464)
100 (46 4)
1OO (46 4)
10 (4 64)
1 (O464)
1 (O 464)
1O (4 64)
1 (0 464)
100 (46 4)
!*>
1 (O 464)
1 (O 464)
1 (O 464)
6000 (2270)
1OOO (464)
10 (4 64)
1000 (464)
10 (4 64)
1 (0 464)
1OO (46.4)
1 (0464)
1OO (46 4)
1O (4.64)
ptember 1992
F-43
-------
Appendix F
..... iinii ..... iiiiiit ...... i"! in,! 1 1 ..... i
; ..... ( ..... iniii ...... i<'i. ....... m% ..... 11 ...... i»' ............................. i
« V
Hazardous Substance
2,4,e-Trteh»orophenol (OO42)
2,4.6-TP (D017)
Vmyl ehlorWe (DO43)
Untetad Hazardoue Watte*
Characterietks of lonhability
Unfitted Hazardous Waetaa
CharactarkrUc of Reactivity
UracM muetard
Uranyl acatata
Uranyl nitrate
Uraa, N athyJ-N-nhro«o-
Uraa, N-methyl-N-nhro«o
Vanadto acid, ammonium aatt
Vanadium oxide V205
Vanadium pentoxide
Vanadyl «utfoto
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl acatata
Vinyl acatata monomar
Vinytarnine, N methyl-N-nitroeo-
Vmy&d«n« chloride
Werfarm, & aahc, whan pratant at
concentration* graatar than 0.3%
Xytervo (mtxad)
m Banzana, dimethyl
c-Banzana, dimethyl
p-Beruene, dimethyl
CASRN
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
66761
6411093
1 01 02064
36478769
769739
684936
7803666
1314621
1314621
27774136
76014
1080B4
1O8054
4649400
76364
81812
1330207
108383
96476
1O6423
Regulatory Synonyms
2.4-(1H,3H)-Pynmidin«dione, 6-
IbtetZ-chtorasthyDamlnol-
N-Nitroao-N-athyluraa
N-Nitroao-N-mathykiraa
Ammonium vanadate
Vanadium pentoxida
Vanadium oxide V206
Ethana, chloro-
Vinyl acatatc monomer
Vinyl acetate
N-Nitroaomathylvinylamina
Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-
1 ,1-Dichloroothylene
2H-1-Banzopyran-2-one, 4-
hydroxy-3-(3-oxo- 1 -phenyl-butyl)-,
& aatta, when present at
concentrations greater than O 3%
Benzene, dimethyl
m-Xylene
o-Xy}ene
p-Xytene
1 Statutory
no
10
100
•i
i»
1»
i«
6000
6000
1»
1*
1*
1000
1000
1OOO
1«
10OO
1000
!•
6000
1»
1000
1OOO
1000
1000
Codat
1.2,4
1.4
2.3,4
4
4
4
1
1
4
4
4
1.4
1.4
1
2,3,4
1
1
4
1.2.4
4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
ftCRA
Waete*
DO42
D017
D043
D001
D003
U237
U176
U177
P119
P120
PI 20
U043
P084
U078
P001
U239
U239
U239
U239
FbialRQ
Gate-
««ry
A
B
X
B
B
A
B
B
B
X
X
c
c
c
c
X
D
D
A
B
B
C
C
C
c
Pound. (Kg)
1O (4 64
100 (46 4
1 (0.454
100 (46.4)
TOO (46.4)
10 (4.64)
100 (46 4)
100 (46 4)
•
1-(0464)
1 (0 464)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
1 (O 464)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
10 (4 64)
100(464)
100 (46.4)
1000 (464)
1OOO (464)
1OOO (464)
1000 (464)
F-44
September
-------
Appendix F
» V
Hazardous Substance
rlenol
>himban-16-cerboxylic acid,
. 1 7-dimethoxy-1 8-1(3,4,6-
mathoxybenzoyOoxy]-, methyl
ter (3beta,16bata,17alpha,
beta,20alpha)-
nctt
NC AND COMPOUNDS
nc acatata
nc ammonium chloride
'
nc borata
nc bromide
nc carbonate
nc chloride
nc cyanide
nc cyanide Zn(CN}2
nc f kionde
nc formate
i
nc hydrosulfite
nc nitrate
nc phenolsulf onate
nc phosphide
nc phosphide Zn3P2, when
asant at concentrations greater
«n10%
nc ailicofluoride
nc autfate
rconium nitrate
rconium potassium fluonda
rconium aulfate
rconium tetrachlonde
CASRN
130O716
60E66
7440666
N/A
657346
62628268
14639976
14639986
1332076
7699468
3486369
7646857
66721 1
66721 1
7783496
667415
7779864
7779886
127822
1314847
1314847
16871719
7733020
13746899
16923968
14644612
1O026116
f
Regulatory Synonyms
Rasarpine
/
Zinc cyanide Zn(CN)2
Zinc cyanide
Zinc phosphide Zn3P2, when
present at concentrations greater
than 1O%
Zinc phosphide
Statutory
no
1000
1»
1-
1»
1000
6000
6OOO
6OOO
1OOO
6OOO
1OOO
6OOO
1O
10
1000
1OOO
1OOO
6000
6000
1OOO
1000
6000
1OOO
6OOO
6OOO
6OOO
6000
Codet
1
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1,4
1.4
1
1
1
1
1
1.4
1.4
1
1
1
1
1
1
RCRA
Waste*
U200
P121
P121
-
7122
P122
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
-C
D
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
A
C
C
C
C
D
s
fi
D
C
D
C
o
0
Pound* (Kg)
1000 (464)
6000(2270)
1000(464)
**
1000(454)
1000 (464)
100O (464)
1000 (464)
1000(454)
1000 (464)
1OOO (464)
1000 (464)
10 (4.64)
1O (4.54)
1000 (454)
1000(464)
1000(464)
1000(464)
5000 (2270)
1OO (46.4)
100 (45 4)
60OO (2270)
10OO(464)
6000 (2270)
1000 (464)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
rtember 1992
F-45
-------
App+ndix F
fm ^
Hazardous Substance
F001
The following spent hatogenated
solvante used In degreasing, all
spent solvent mixtures/blends ussd
In decreasing containing, before
u«», a total of ten percent or more
(by volume) of one or more of the
above haktgenated solvents or
those soiventi listed in FO02,
FOO4, and FO05. and etill bottoms
from the recovery of these spent
•oh/em* and spent solvent
m bet wet.
W Tatrachloroathylane
(b) Trichtoroethylene
(c) Methylene chloride
(d) 1.1,1-Trichloroethine
(e) Carbon tetrachtoride
(f) Chlorinated fKiorocarbons
F002
The following spent halogenated
solvents; aH spam solvent
mbcturee/Wends containing, before
me, a total of tan percent or more
(by volume) of one or more of the
above halorjenated solvents or
those solvents hated in
F002.FOO4. and F005, and still
bottoms from the recovery of
these spent solvents and spent
•olvent mixtures.
(e) Tetracholoroathylene
(b) Methyiene chloride
(c} Trichtoroethylene
(d) 1,1,1-TrSehloroethane
(e) Chtorobeniene
(fj 1,1.2-TrieWoro-1.2,2-
trHluoroethane
(g) o-Ditchforobenzerve
(h) Trichlorofluoromethana
(!) 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
F003
CASRN
127184
78016
76092
71656
66236
N/A
127184
76092
79016
71666
108907
76131
866O1
76694
78005
Regulatory Synonyms
•
•
•
„ Statutory
RQ
!•
1»
1000
1»
1«
60OO
!•
T
1»
1000
1»
100
100
1»
1«
1»
Codet
4
2,4
1.2,4
2,4
2,4
1.2,4
2,4
•
4
2,4
1.2,4
2.4
1.2,4
1.2,4
4
2,4
4
RCRA
Weete*
F001
U210
U228
U080
U226
U211
FOO2
U210
U080
U228
U226
UO37
U070
U121
U227
F003
Fmal RQ
Cate-
oory
A
B
B
C
C
A
O
A
B
C
B
C
B
D
B
D
B
B
Pound* (Kg)
10 (4 64)
100(464)
100(464)
10OO (464)
1OOO (464)
10 (4 64)
BOOO(2270)
10 (4 64)
100(454)
1000 (464)
100 (46 4)
1OOO (464)
100(464)
6000 (2270)
100 (46 4)
6000 (2270)
100 (45 4)
100(464)
F-46
September 1992
in in i VI Ill") i illlii'iil
-------
Appendix F
H
Hazardous Substance
i following spent non-
>genated solvents and the still
cms from the recovery of
BO solvents
Xylene
Acetone
Ethyl acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl ether
riethyl isobutyl ketone
n-Butyl alcohol
Cyclohexanone
dethanol
4
i following spent non-
>genated solvents and the still
oms from the recovery of
56 solvents
Iresols/Cresylic acid
Nitrobenzene
6
i following spent non-
>genated solvents and the still
oms from the recovery of
se solvents
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Carbon disulf ide
Isobutanol
Pyndina
>6
CASRN
1330207
67641
141786
100414
60297
108101
71363
108941
67561
1319773
98963
1O8883
78933
76 160
78831
110861
Regulatory Synonyms
•
Statutory
RQ
1*
1OOO
1OOO
1-
10OO
1»
6000
1»
T
1«
Code!
>
4
1,4
1,2,4
4
1.2,4
4
1.4
4
4
4
RCRA
Waeta*
•
^
FO04
U062
U169
FOOB
U220
U169
P022
U140
U196
FOO6
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
,
C
D
0
C
B
D
D
'D
D
C
C
C
B
C
D
B
D
C
A
Pounds (Kg)
1000 (464)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
1OOO (464)
100 (46 4)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
6000 (2270)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
1000 (464)
100 (46 4)
1OOO (464)
6000 (2270)
100 (46 4)
6000 (2270)
1000 (464)
> 10 (4.64)
ember 1992
F-47
-------
Appendix F
. V
Hazardous Substanco
Wastewater treatment aludges
from electroplating operation*
except from the following
proclitic (1) «utfuric acid
anodizing of aluminum, (2) tin
plating on carbon atnl, (3) zinc
plating (aaoragatad basic) on
carbon ataal, (4) aluminum or zinc-
akiminum plating on carbon ateel,
(6) cJaenlng/etrippIng associated
with tin, zinc and aluminum plating
on carbon ataal, and (6) chemical
etching and milling of aluminum
F007
Spent cyartida plating bath
aokrtton* from electroplating
oparationa.
FO08
Plating bath rackfciac from tha
bottom of plating batha from
alactroplating oparationa whare
cyanidaa era uaad in tha process
F009
Spent stripping and cleening bath
solution* from alactroplating
operattone whara cyanidas are
uaad in tha procaas
F010
Quanching bath raaiduat from oil
batha from maul haat Wasting
oparationa whara cyanidaa are
us id hi tha procsss.
F011
Spant cynnida solution from salt
bath pot cleaning from metal haat
trailing oparationa.
F012
Quanching waste water treatment
akidgea from metal heat treating
operation* where cyanides are
uaad in the process
F018
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
•
, Statutory
RQ
1«
i»
1«
1»
1*
1»
1
Cedet
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Weete*
F007
FOO8
FOO9
F01O
F011
F012
F018
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
A
A
A
A
A
A-
PoundsOCgl
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4.64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
F-48
September 19
MI
-------
Appendix F
~ V.
Hazardous Substance
•water treatment sludges
the chemical convorsion
ng of aluminum except from
ntutn phosphatmg in aluminum
washing when such
phatmg w «n exclusive
'ersion coatmg process
J
tes (except waatewater and
it carbon from hydrogen
nde purification) from the
uction or manufacturing use
i reactant, chemical
mediate, or component m m
ulatmg process) of tr»-or-
ichlorophenol, or of
mediates used to produce
pesticide derivatives (This
ig does not include wastes
i the production of
ichlorophene from highly
wd 2,4,6-tnchlorophenol )
1
tes (except wastewater end
it carbon from hydrogen
ride purification) from the
uction or manufacturing us*
i reactant, chemical
•mediate, or component m a
uilating process) of
achlorophenol, or of
•mediates used to produce its
natives
2
stes (except wasteweter and
nt carbon from hydrogen
inde purification) from the
xjfacturmg use (es a reactant,
mical intermediate, or
iponent in a formulating
sess) of tetn-, penta-, or
achlorobenzenes under alkaline
ditions
3
CASRN
•
Regulatory Synonyms
'
•
Statutory
no
1«
i«
1«
1*
Cod*t
4
4
4
f
4
RCRA
WMU«
FO2O
F021
F022
i
F023
Final RQ
Cat«-
oory
X
-
X
X
X
Pound* (Kg)
1 (0464)
-
1 (0 464)
1 (0464)
1 (0 464)
ember 1992
F-49
-------
Appondix F
f I
Hazardous Substance
Wastes (except wastawater and •
•pent Cirbon from hydrogen
chloride purification) from the
production of materials on
equipment previously used for the
production or manufacturing uaa
(a* * raactant, chamical
tntarmadcata. or oomponant in a
formulating process) of tri- and
tatrachJorophanolc. (Thk listing
does not include waata* from
equipment u«ad only for tha
production or uta of
hexachlorophene from highly
purified 2,4,E-tri-chk>rophenoU
F024
Waataa, including but not limited
to distillation residues, heavy ends.
tars, and reactor cleanout wattes.
from the production of chlorinated
aliphatic hydrocarbons, having
carbon content from one to five.
Wiling free radical catalyzed
proceeaee. (Thia fating doec not
include tight ends, spent filters end
f Kter aide, spent dessteantslslc).
wactawater, wastewater
treatment sludges, spent catalysts.
end wastes beted in Section
261.32)
F025
Condensed light ends, spent fitters
*nd fitter aids, end spent desslcant
wastes from the production of
certain chlorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbons, by free redicai
catalyzed processes These
chlorinated elphatic hydrocarbons
•re those haying carbon chain
lengtha ranging from one to end
Including five, with varying
amounts and positions of chlorine
substitution
CASRN
»
Regulatory Synonyms
'
•
' Statutory
RQ
1«
1»
Codet
4
4
RCftA
Weeta*
F024
F026
Final RQ
Cete-
o«nr
X
X
Pound! (Kg)
1 (0 464)
-
*ff1 (0 454)
F-50
September 19
'I n1 illln11!! I III III ii nil II Hi H i Illlil i||i||il
-------
Appendix F
Hazardous Substance
26 ,
sates (except wastewater and
ant carbon from hydrogen
londe purification) from the
>ductton of materials on
uipment previously used for the
mufacturing use (as a reactant,
emicel intermediate, or
mponant in a formulating
>cess) of tetra-, penta-, or
xachlorobenzene under alkaline
nditions
27
.carded unused formulations
ntaming tn-, tetra-, or
ntachlorophenol or discarded
used formulations containing
mpounds derived from these
orophenols (This listing does
include formulations containing
xachlorophene synthesized from
ipurifiad 2,4,6-tn-chlorophenol
the sole component.)
28
iidues resulting from the
meration or thermal treatment
coil contaminated with EPA
zardous Waste Nos F02O,
21, F022, F023, F026, and
27
32
istewaters, process residuals,
iservative drippage, and spent
muletions from wood preserving
icesses generated at plants that
rently use or have previously
jd chlorophenolic formulations
cept wastes from processes
it have had the F032 waste
da deleted in accordance with
61 35 and do not resume or
lete use of chlorophenolic
mutations) This listing does
include KO01 bottom sediment
dge from the treatment of
istewater from wood preserving
icesses that use creosote and/or
ntachlorophenol
34 '
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
-
•
Statutory
RQ
1>
1-
1«
1-
1-
Codat
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Waste*
F026
F027
F028
FO32
F034
Final RQ
Cata-
-X
X
X
X
X
PoundeKa)
1 (0.454)
•
1 (O.464)
1 (0 464)
1 (0464)
- *
1 (0 464)
tember 1992
F-51
-------
Appendix f
~ VI
Hazardous Substance
Waatawatar*, procaaa raaiduatt,
pratarvativa drippag*. and apant
formuiationa from wood praaarving
prooaaaaa ganaratad at planta that
uta craoaota formuiationa. Th!«
hating dote not Inckida K001
bottom a«dlm«nt akidga from th«
traatmant of waatawatarfrom
wood praaarving proca«»a« that
u*a craoaota and/or
pantachlorophanol.
F036
Wattawatafc, prooaaa raakfcjalc.
praiarvativa drippaga, and apant
formulation* from wood praaatving
procaasa* oanaratad at planta that
u*a Inoroanh: praaarvativaa
containing araante or chromium
Thk Rating doas not bwluda KOO1
bottom aadlmant akidga from the
traatmant of waatawatar from
wood preserving proeaaaa* that
uia craoaota and/or
panatachlorophano!
F037
CASRN
\
Regulatory Synonyms
Statutory
RQ
l«
1-
Cod«t
4
4
RCRA
WMte*
F035
F037
Fmal RQ
Cate-
gory
X
X
Pound* (Kg)
1 (0464)
-
1 (0464)
-------
AppanttocF
Hazardous Substance
roleum refinery primary
water/solids separation sludge—
r sludge generated from the
vitational separation of
water/solids during the storage
reatment of process
stewaters and oily cooling
stewaters from petroleum
nenes Such sludges Include,
are not limited to, those
terated in oil/watar/sohds
>aratOrs, tanks and
loundments, ditches and other
iveyances, sumps, and
irmwater units receiving dry
ather flow Sludge generated in
irmwater units that do not
eive dry weather flow, sludges
terated from non-contact once-
ough cooling waters segregated
treatment from other process
oily cooling waters, sludges
lerated in aggressive biological
atment units as defined in
61.31(b)(2) (including sludges
lerated in one or more
jitional units after wastewaters
10 been treated in aggressive
logical treatment units) and
51 wastes are not included in
$ listing
38
CASRN
,
Regulatory Synonyms
,
-
Statutory
RQ
1*
Cedct
4
RCRA
WMU*
F038
final RQ
Cate-
gory
X
Pound* (K0)
'
f
1 (0464)
itember 1992
F-53
-------
Appendix F
. v
Hazardous Substance
Petroleum refinery aecondary
{emulemed} o9t/water/ao«de
aeparattan ekidge~Any sludge
•nd/of float generated from the
phyaical and/or chemical
aeparatkm of oM/w'atar/aoKde in
proceee waetawajera and oRy
cooling waatewatera from
petroleum rafinariaa. Such waataa
include, but ara not limhad to, all
ekidgea and float* ganaratad in
induced air flotation (IAF) units.
tanka and impoundment*, and an
eludgee o*nerated in DAF unit*
Sludge* Qanerated in atormwater
untie that do not raceiva dry
waathar flow, akidge* generated
from onca-through non-contact
cooling watara atoragatad for
traatmant from other procasa or oil
cooRng wattaa, akidgea and f loata
Generated in aggraaaiva biological
traatmant unite aa defined in
S261.31(b){2) (including aludges
and f loata generated hi one or
more additional unha after
waatawatera have been treated in
aggreaetve biological treatment
unite) and FO37, KO48, and KOB1
waitea are not included in this
Hating
KOO1
Bottom sediment akidge from the
treatment of weatewatara from
wood praierving procaaaea that
uaa creosote and/or
pentachlorophenol.
KO02
Waatawater traatmant akidge from
the production of chroma yellow
and organge pigmanta
K003
Waatawatar traatmant akidge from
the production of morybdate
orange pigment*
K004
Waatewater treatment akidge from
the production of zinc yellow
pigmanta.
KOOB
CASRN
•
Regulatory Synonyms
'
•
' Statutory
RQ
1*
1-
!•
f
1»
Codet
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Waete*
K001
KO02
K003
KOO4
KOOB
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
X
A
Pound* (Kg)
1 (0464)
*
g
10 (4.64)
*
F-54
September 1991
-------
Appendix F
ll
Hazardous Substance
tewatar treatment sludge from
Koduction of chrome green
tents
tewater treatment eludge -horn
reduction of chrome oxide
n pigments (anhydrous and
ated)
7
tewater treatment sludge from
induction or iron blue
lents
8
n residue from the production
irome oxide green pigments
9
llation bottoms from the
uction of acetaldehyde from
1ene
0
Nation side cuts from the
uction of acetaldehyde from
'tone
1
om stream from the
tewater stripper mthe
uction of acrytonrtnle
3
om stream from the
onitrile column m the
juction of acrylonrtnto
4
toms from the acetonitnle
nation column in the
Auction of acrylonrtrite
5
bottoms from the distillation
>enzyl chloride
6
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
/
Statutory
RQ
1«
1»
1«
1»
1-
1"
!•
1-
1»
!•
Cod«t
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
A
4
RCRA
WMte*
K006
•
KO07
K008
K009
KO10
K011
K013
K014
KOI 6
KOI 6
Final RQ
Cate-
Oory
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
D
A
X
Pound* fKgt
-
10 (4 64)
•
1O (4 641'
10(4.641
10(464)
10 (4 64*
10 (4.54J
10(4641
-
6000 (2270)
10(4641
"
1 (O 464>
ember 1992
F-55
-------
Appendix F
, »
Hazardous Substance
Heavy end* or distillation residues
from th« production of carbon
tatrachtorids
KOI 7
Heavy ends (still bottoms) from
the purification column in tho
production of •pl-chlorohydcln
KOI 8
Heavy «ndt from th« fracttonation
column in •thyl eWorld*
production.
K01S
Htavy end* from the dietNiation of
ethylane dJchloride in ethylene
dichlorida production.
K02O
Heavy and* from tha distillation of
vinyl chtortda in vinyl chloride
monomar production.
K021
Aquaout apant antimony catalyst
watt* from fkioromathanas
production
K022
Distillation bottom tar* from the
production of phenol/acetone from
curnana
K023
Distillation light ende from the
production of phthalic anhydride
from naphthalene
K024
Dlctdtation bottoms from the
production of phthalic anhydride
from naphthalene
K025
Distillation bottoms from the
production of nitrobenzene by the
nitration of benzene.
K026
CASRN
»
Regulatory Synonyms
s
, Statutory
RQ
1»
1»
1»
1»
!•
1*
1»
1»
1«
1»
Codet
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Wast**
K017
K018
K019
K020
K021
K022
K023
KO24
K02B
K026
Fmal RQ
Cate-
gory
A
X
X
X
A
X
D
D
C
A
C
Pound* (Kg)
10 (4 64)
1 (0 454)
1 (0 464)
-
1 (0 464)
10 (4 64)
1 (0 464)
6000 (2270)
6000 T2270)
1O (4 64)
1000 (464)
F-56
September 1992
PI ii i i I "Kill I"
-------
AppsntfixF
. V
Hazardous Substance
ripping still tails from the
eduction of methyl ethyl
ridinas
327
mtrrfuge and distillation residues
>m tolune dusocyanate
eduction
328
tent catalyst from the
-drochlormator reactor in the
eduction of 1.1,1-
chloroethane
329
'aste from the product steam
ripper in the production of 1,1,1-
chlbroethene
330
ilumn bottoms or heavy ends
>m the combmad production of
chloroethylene and
irchloroethylene
331
^-product salts generated in the
oduction of MSMA and
icodyhc acid
332
'astewater treatment sludge from
e production of chlordane
333
'astewater and scrub water from
te chlormation of cyclopenta'diene
the production of chlordane
334
Iter solids from the filtration of
Bxachlorocyclo-pentadiene in the
roduction of chlordane
036
i
/astewater treatment sludges
anerated in the production of
reosote
036
CASRN
> "*
*
Regulatory Synonyms
,
•
Statutory
RQ
1«
1«
-
!•
1«
1»
1"
1«
1"
1«
!•
Codet
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Waste*
K027
K028
I
KD29
KO30
K031
K032
K033
KO34
K03B
K036
Fmal RQ
Cate-
gory
-
A
X
X
X
X
A
A
A
X
X
Pound* (Kg)
10 (4.64)
1 (0.464)
1 (0464)
1 (0464)
1 (0.464)
1O (4 64)
10(4.64)
1O (4 64)
1 (0 464)
1 (0 464)
ptember 1992
F-57
-------
Appsndlx F
* s.
Hazardous Substance
StUI bottom* from tokiana
reclamation dictitUtton in th«
production of dlautfoton.
K037
Waitawatar traatmant aludgaa
from tha production of dwutfoton
K038
Waatawatar from tha washing and
•tripping of phorata production
K039
Rhar caka from tha filtration of
diathyiphotphorodithioic acid in
th* production of phorata
K040
Waitawatar traatmant akidga from
tha production of phorata.
K041
Wastawatar traatmant aludge from
th« production of toxaphana.
K042
Haavy anda or diitUlatton raslduas
from tha diatNlation of
tatrachlorobanzana in tha
production of 2,4,B-T
K043
2,6-Dichlorophanol watt* from tha
production of 2,4-D.
KO44
Waitawatar traatmant aludgas
from tha manufacturing and
procaaatng of axploalvac
K045
Spant carbon from tha traatmant
of wattawatar containing
oxptoiivas
K046
Wactawatar traatmant akidgas
from tha manufacturing,
formulation and loading of laad-
bttad initiating compounds
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
-
•
i Statutory
na
i"
i-
1»
i«
1»
1»
i«
i"
i»
i«
Cedaf
4
4
4
4
4
4
-
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Waata*
K037
KO38
KO39
KO40
K041
K042
KO43
KO44
K046
KO4C
Final RQ
Cata-
gory
X
A
A
A
X
A
A
A
A
B
PoundaPCg)
-
1 (0464)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
1 (0 464)
1O (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
100 (46 4)
F-58
September 1992
-------
Appendix F
•» tt
Hazardous Substance
J47
nk/red water from TNT
aerations
348
ssolved air flotation (DAF) float
om the petroleum refining
dustry
349
op oil emulsion solids from the
itroleum refining industry
550
sat exchanger bundle cleaning
udge from the petroleum refining
dustry
>51
'1 separator sludge from the
itroleum refining industry
362
ink bottoms (leaded) from the
itroleum refining industry
360
mmonia still lime sludge coking
mrations
361
nission control dust/sludge from
e primary production of steel in
actnc furnances.
362
)ent pickle liquor generated by
eel finishing operations of
cihties within the ron and steel
dustry (SIC Codes 331 and 332)
364
Bid plant blowdown skirry/sludge
suiting from thickening of
owdown slurry from primary
>pper production
365
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
*
Statutory
RQ
1-
1»
1»
1*
l»
!•
-
1«
1»
f
1«
1»
CotUt
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
WMU«
K047
K048
KO49
K050
KOB1
KOB2
K060
KO61
K062
K064
KOBE
RnaJRQ
Cau-
gory
A
A
A
X
Pound* (Kg)
10(4,64)
f
*
10 (4.64)
-
*
10 (4 64)
1 (0,464)
*
*
**
**
jtember 1992
F-59
-------
Appendix F
1 F, I till I (Hi) Ml hi nil 1 Fill (III ill I I li ill I 111 III 1 Ilillillilllliill
» I
Hazardous Substance
Surace impoundment aolida
contained in and dredged from
aurfaca impoundmanta at primary
bad emehing facilities
K066
Skidga from traatmant of process
waetewater and/or acid plant
biowdown from primary zinc
production
KOS8
Emksion control duat/aludga from
aacondary laad amalting
K071
Brina purification muda from the
mercury cell procaae in chlorine
production, whara separately
prapurifiad brina i» not uaed.
K073
Chlorinated hydrocarbon waste
from tha purification atap of tha
dttphragm cell procaaa uaing
oraphfta anodas in chlorine
production
K083
DittilUtin bottoms from aniline
extraction
K034
Wattawatar treatment ekidges
ganaratad during the production of
veterinary Pharmaceuticals from
arsenic or organo-araanic
compounds.
K086
DtsttHation or fractfonatton column
bonoms from tha production of
ohlorobanzanes.
K086
CASRN
'
»
Regulatory Synonyms
*
i Statutory
RQ
1»
1'
1«
1«
1»
1»
1-
1»
Codef
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Waate*
K066
K069
KO71
K073
K083
K084
KOBE
K086
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
X
A
B
X
A
PoundalKgl
ft
1
HO 464
•
10 (4 64)
100 (46 4)
1 (0 464)
10 (4 64)
f
0
F-eo
September 199
-------
Appendix P
» \
Hazardous Substance
>lvent washes and sludges,
iu«tic washes and sludges, or
atar washes and sludges from
aaning tubs and eqwpmant used .
the formulation of ink from
gments, driers, soaps, and
abihzer* containing chromium
id lead
387
•canter tank tar sludge from
>kmg operations
388
tent pothners from primary
uminum reduction
)90
ntssion control dust or sludge
9m ferrochromiumsiltcon
eduction
391
ntssion control dust or sludge
>m ferrochromium production -
)93
stillation light ends from the
oduction of phthafac anhydride
>m ortho-xylene
)94
stillation bottoms from the
oduction of phthalic anhydride
>m ortho-xylene
)95
stillation bottoms from the
oduction of 1.1.1-
chloroethane
396
iavy ends from the heavy ends
ihjmn from the production of
1,1-trichloroethane
397
icuum stnpper discharge from
e chlordane chlorinator in the
oduction of chlordane
398
CASRN
t
Regulatory Synonyms
1
>
•
Statutory
RQ
1«
1»
1»
1
1»
1«
l»
1»
/
l«
1»
Codtt
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
- 4
4
RCRA
WMU*
K087
K088
K090
K091
K093
K094
>
K096
K096
K097
K098
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
D
D
B
B
X
X
Found* (Kg)
-
100 (45 4)
•
60OO (2270)
6000 (2270)
100(454)
1OO (45 4)
1 (0 454)
1(0454)
itember 1992
F-61
-------
Appendix F
„ \.
Hazardous Substance
Untrtitad procaaa waatawatar
from tha production of toxaphene.
K099
Untraatad waatawatar from tha
production of 2,4-D.
K100
Waata baching solution from acid
tt aching of amiaaton control
du*t/akidfla from aacondary laad
•matting.
K101
Diatlation tar raaiduaa from tha
dtctlitation of anOma-baaad
compound! in tha production of
vatarinary pharmacauticala from
araanic or organo-araanic
compound*.
K102
Raaidua from tha u*a of activatad
carbon for dacolorization in tha
production of vatarinary
pharmaoauticata from araamc or
ot£j«no-»rt«nJc compounds
K103
Procaaa ratlduts from anilina
•xtraction from tha production of
antlina.
K104
Combinad waatawatar atraama
oanaratad from
nftrobanzana/anWna production.
K106
8«peratad aquaoua ataraam from
tha raactor product washing atap
in tha production of
chlorobanzanaa.
K10«
Wartawatai'traatmant afcidga from
tha marcury call procas* in
chtorkva production.
K107
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
•
' Statutory
RQ
1«
1»
1«
1«
1«
1«
1«
1«
10
Codat
4
4
4
4
4
•
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Waata*
K099
K1OO
K101
K102
K103
K104
K10B
K106
K107
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
X
X
B
A
A
X
X
Pound* (Kg)
10 (4 64)
f
1 (O4E4)
1 (0 464)
10O (46 4)
10 (4 64)
10 (4 64)
1 (0464)
1O (4 64)
F-62
September 1992
i V1' • in
-------
Appendix F
~ *
Hazardous Substance
umn bottoms from product
>aration from the production of
-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH)
m carboxylic acid hydrazines
)8
ndensed column overheads from
duct separation and condensed
ctor vent geses from the
duction of 1,1-
wthylhydrazine (UDMH) from
boxyhc acid hydrazides
39
int fitter cartridges from product
rfication from the production of
-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH)
T) carboxylic acid hydrazides
1O
idensed column overheads from
irmediate separation from the
duction of 1,1-
lethylhydrazine (UDMH) from
x>xylic ecid hydrazides
1
duct washwaters from the
duction of dinitrotoluene via
ation of toluene
2
ictton by-product water from
drying column in the
duction of tokjenediamine via
rogenation of dinitrotoluene
3
idensed liquid light ends from
purification of tokjenediamine
he production of
lenediamine via hydrogenation
imhrotoluene
4
inals from the purification of
lenediemine in the production
oluenedtemine via
rogenation of dinitrotoluene
6
CASRN
-
Regulatory Synonyms
•
•
Statutory
RQ
10
10
10
1«
1»
T
-
l»
1«
Codet
4
1 4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Waste *
K1O8
K109
K11O
K111
K112
K113
K114
K11B
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
-
X
X
X
A
A
A
A
A
founds (Kg)
10(464)
.
104464)
10(454)
10 (4 64)
1O (4.64)
1O (4.64)
10 (4.64)
10 (4 64)
ember 1992
F-63
-------
Appendix F
', *
Hazardous Substance
Heavy end* from the purification
of toluenedtomine in the
production of toluanediamina via
hydrogenation of diohrotoluene.
K116
Orgtnte condensate from the
solvent recovery column in the
production of toluene diiaocyanate
vie pboagenatlon of
tokjenediamine
K117
Wastewater from th« reaction vant
gaa scrubber in th» production of
•thytan* bromid« via bromlnation
of athana.
K118
Spant absorbent solid* from
purification of •thylana dibromkle
fa) tha production of athyiana
dlbromid*.
K123
Procaaa wattawatar (inctuding
•upamatat, f ittrataa, and
washwatere) from tha production
of athytan* tntdithkjcarbamic acid
and h« talti.
KI24
Raactor vant ccrubbar watar from
tha production of
athylanabkdithtocarbannic acid and
Ha Mha
K125
Ftftration, evaporation, and
cantnf ugation «olxJa from the
production of
athytanabUditWocarbamic acid and
it* aatta.
K12B
Bighoota dutt and floor
awaeping* in mMng and packaging
operations from tha production or
formulation of
•thyienebisdftniocarbamlc acid and
he safta.
K131
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
•
Statutory
RQ
1«
l»
1*
1»
l«
!•
1«
i
100
Cadet
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Waeu*
K116
K117
K118
K123
K124
K12B
K126
K131
Final RQ
Cau-
gory
A
X
X
A
A
A
A
X
Pound* (Kg)
t
10 (4 64)
1 (0 464)
1 (0464)
10 (4 64)
1O (4 64)
10 (4 64)
10 (4.64)
100 (46 4)
F-64
September 1992
-------
Appendix F
— a
Hazardous Substance
/astewatar from th« reactor and
»ent sutfunc acid from the acid
ryer in the production of methyl
romide >
132
pent absorbent and wastewater
olids from the production of
lethyl bromide
136
till bottoms from the purification
ethylene dibromide in the
reduction of ethylene dibromide
a bromination of ethene
CASRN
s
*
Regulatory Synonyms
-
/
Statutory
RQ
1OOO
1»
Cotfat
4
4
HCRA
Waste*
K132
K136
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
X
X
round* (Ka)
1000 (464)
1 (0 454)
Indicates the statutory source as defined by 1.2.3, and 4 below
tNo reporting of releases of this hazardous substance is required if the diameter of the pieces of the solid metal released is equal to or
xceeds 1OO micrometers (0 O04 inches)
ft The RQ for asbestos is limited to friable forms only
-Indicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is CWA Section 311(b)(4)
—Indicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is CWA Section 307(a)
-Indicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is CAA Section 112
-Indicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is RCRA Section 3O01.
•--Indicates that the 1-pound RQ is a CERCLA statutory RQ
ndicates that the RQ is subject to change when the assessment of potential carcmogenicity is completed
ifThe Agency may adjust the statutory RQ for this hazardous substance in e future rulemaking, until then the statutory RQ applies.
-The adjusted RQs for radionuclides may be found in Appendix B to this table
•—Indicates that no RQ is being assigned to the generic or broad class
ptember 1992
F-65
-------
Appendix G
APPENDIX G
RAIN DATA REFERENCES
-------
Appendix G
Rainfall data sources
This section lists the most current 24-hour
rainfall data published by the National
Weather Service (NWS) for various parts of
the country Because NWS Technical Paper
40 (TP-40) is out of print, the 24-hour rainfall
maps for areas east of the 105th meridian are
included here as figures B-3 through B-8. For
the area generally west of the 105th
meridian, TP-40 has been superseded by
NOAA Atlas 2, the Precipitation-Frequency
Atlas of the Western United States, published
by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.
East of 105th meridian
Hershfield, DM. 1961. Rainfall frequency
atlas of the United States for durations from
30 minutes to 24 hours and return periods
from 1 to 100 years U.S Dep Commerce,
Weather Bur Tech Pap. No 40
Washington, DC. 115 p.
West of 105th meridian
Miller, J.F , R H Frederick, and R.J Tracey
1973. Precipitation-frequency atlas of the
Western United States Vol I, Montana, Vol
II, Wyoming, Vol III, Colorado, Vol. IV, New
Mexico, Vol V, Idaho, Vol VI, Utah, Vol VII,
Nevada, Vol VIII, Arizona, Vol IX,
Washington, Vol X, Oregon, Vol. XI,
California U.S Dep Commerce, National
Weather Service, NOAA Atlas 2. Silver
Spring, MD
Alaska
Miller, John F. 1963. Probable maximum
precipitation and rainfall-frequency data for
Alaska for areas to 400 square miles,
durations to 24 hours and return periods from
1 to 100 years U.S. Dep Commerce,
Weather Bur Tech Pap No 47
Washington, DC. 69 p
Hawaii
f
Weather Bureau. 1962 Rainfall-frequency
atlas of the Hawaiian Islands for areas to 200
square miles, durations to 24 hours and
return periods from 1 to 100 years. U.S.
Dep. Commerce, Weather Bur. Tech Pap.
No 43 Washington, DC. €0jx
Puerto Rico and Virgin islands
Weather Bureau. 1961. Generalized
estimates of probable maximum precipitation
and rainfall-frequency data for Puerto Rico
and Virgin Islands for areas to 400 square
miles, durations to 24 hours, and return
periods from 1 to 100 years. U.S. Dep.
Commerce, Weather Bur. Tech. Pap. Mo. 42.
Washington, DC. 94 p.
Source Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds (TR55 Manual) -
U S Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, June 1986
September 1992
G-1
-------
Appendix H
APPENDIX H
THE POLLUTANT REMOVAL CAPACITY OF POND
AND WETLAND SYSTEMS: A REVIEW
-------
Appendix H
THE POLLUTANT REMOVAL CAPACITY OF POND
AND WETLAND SYSTEMS: A REVIEW
Dry Extended Detention
1 Lakandga VA
2 London Commons VA
3 Stadwick MD
4 Mapto Run III TX
5 Oakhampton MD
« Nomfiivm KS
WetPondt
7 Seattle WA
8 Boynton Beach FL
9 Grace Street Ml
10 Pitt-AA Ml
11 UnquaNY
12 WawtyWHs Ml
13 lakeBtyn U.
14 lak»Ridge MN
15 Wast Pond MN
28
27
25
•17
ISA
IS
5
a
18
6
a
•29
23
20
98JO
34.0
28.0
123
035
4ST2JQ
3154)
76JD
000
022
030
OJSO
OSO*
"052
"0.52
-1070
•1070
OJ38
015
O0®
O Q ®
9 O 9
9 O ®
O D ®
90®
O O O
O O ® ®
a ® 3 o
O ® O 9
o o o o
3 O
O O
9 O «
9 « O
• do
9 O ®
* «> 9 9 9
^J (9 te) O ^&
« O O 9 O
9 9 9
9
9
O O <
• 999
K«y
Oo to 20% Removal
O 20 to40%fi«mov£l
O 40 to 60% Removal
fhrtr
9 SO tt 80% Removal
S80 to 100% Removal
Key
TSS Total Suspereled Sold*
TP Total Phosphorus
SP Soluble Phosphorus
TN Total Nitro(j*n
N03 Mtrate
COO Chamieal Oxygen Demand
P6 Lead
2n 23ne
Note The table above provrdassummary date inilhepoflularHtwnuv^capaMlrtyitf nearly «hcty»toTTTO«at9roond
and wetland systems Each study drffers wrth respect to pond design, number of storms monitored, pollutant
removal calculation technique, and monitoring technique, so exact comparisons between studies are not
appropriate
Note- The Information In t/w abow fabto was taktn fmnr A Current Assessment of Urban Best Mtnapwrnnf Praetfees -
Technkjues tor Redudrqf^-PoMSourctPoXutton to tfo Coastal Zone, prepared by UettopoltMn Wtshington Council of
Governments. March 1992.
September 1992
-------
Appendix H
..... ..... ' .......... ...............................
THE fLLUTANT nEM CAPACITY POND
AND WETLAND SYSTEMS: A REVIEW
tin i'i ih 11 in i I iniin if i"n Hi1 n 11 i ;M in'ii iiiiiii'iiii' i"i |ii|iiii(iiiiiiiii iiiiiiip,
W*t Ponds (Cont'd)
16 McCarrona MN
17 McKrUghtBaaln MN
18 Monroa Street Wl
10 Runaway Bay NC
20 BucWand CT
21 Highway Sit* FL
22 Woodholtow TX
23 SR204 WA
24 Farm Pond VA
25 Burke VA
28 Wettlelgh MD
27 Merear WA
28 M FL
29 Timbar Craak FL
30 Maltland FL
31 Lakeikie NC
21
20
S
7
13
14
S
29
32
5
6
9
30-40
5
6080
7250
2380
437.0
200
416
381.0
1.8
514
27.1
480
76
263
122.0
490
650
019
022
026
033
040
055
055
060
1.13
1.22
1.27
172
235
311*
365
716
999 9999 9
9 9 O OJ O ® • 9
• oo o o • • 9
• 99 9999 9
999 9999 9
999 9 9 9 O 9
9 O 9 <$ 9 O 9 O
999 ® 9 9 9 9
999999 9 9
999®9999
9&9Q9&9&
999&999Q
999999GQ
999 9999 9
999 O 9 9 9 9
99999999
9 O 9 9999 9
Kay:
O 0 to2O% FUmovaJ
O 20 to 40% RamovaJ
O 40 to 60% Ramoval
60 to 80% Removal
80 to 100% Ramoval
> Inauffldant Knowiadga
Kay
TSS Total Suspandad SokJa
TP Total Phosphoiua
SP Soluble Phoaphorua
TN Total Nitrogen
N03 Nttrata
COD Chamlcal Oxygen Demar
P6 Laad
Zn Zinc
Note An AtierfeKOOenolee an inferred value
Note rDOwxxwVohiffle of Ba^rWolume of Runoff
ill ' ilP llPllin III
liii'li'i'l" .I III! 1
Noli: 7ft* Information In th» «bov» f«W» wts ttkon from A Current'Assessment of Uibtn Best M*nag*ntf>t Poetic™ -
Ttchnlquts lor Reducing Non-Point Source Pollution In the Coastal Zone, prepared by Metropottan Washington Council of
Governments, March 1992.
H-2
September 1992
-------
Appendix H
THE POLLUTANT REMOVAL CAPACITY OF POND
AND WETLAND SYSTEMS: A REVIEW
Wet Extended Detention
32 Uplands ONT
33 East Barrhavan ONT
34 Kennedy-Burnett ONT
Stormwater Wetlanda
35 EWA3 IL
36 EWA4 IL
37 EWA5 IL
38 EWA6 IL
39 B31 WA
40 PC12 WA
41 McCarrons MN
42 Queen Anne's MO
43 Swift Run Ml
44 Tampa Office Pond FL
45 Highway Site FL
46 Palm Beach PGA FL
S
6
13
13
21
5
3-8
13
8600
21390
3950
4617
2140
6080
12070
6.3
416
2340.0
012
062
001
003
031
0.50'
060
061
0.81
200*
9999 99 9 9
99999999
9999 99 QO
,
9999 99 9 O
9999 9999
9999 99 99
99999999
O 9 9 9 O 9 99
99999999
00 SO 99 99
9Q9G9999
9OQ99O99
99999O99
9Q9&9O99
9999 O 9 9 9
Kay
O 0 to 20% Removal
O 20 to 40% Removal
Q 40 to 60% Removal
9 60 to 80% Removal
• 80 to 100% Romoval
£ Insufficient Knowledge
Key:
TSS Total Sampended SoJJde
TP Total Photphorut
SP Soluble Phosptous
TN
COO Chemical Oxygen Demand
P* Lead
2n J3ne
Note AnAstoftokOdenemanlnfMradvalue
Note r*)DenotM Volume of Batta/Volume of Runoff
Note Tho information In the above table was taken from- A Current Assessmant of Urban Best Management Practices •
Techniques for Reducing Non-Point Source Pollution In the Coastal Zone, prepared by: Metmpottan Washington Council of
Governments, March 1992
September 1992
H-3
-------
„'' f\t1 (I; 11,! 11 "p "i I i lllllliil 1, If "'i 1.11"1!1 ji IV | 'I1 1 'ii liil ')[""," • ;;i iij. i< (ili "I'; • •' i''
Appendix H
THE POLLUTANT REMOVAL CAPACITY OF POND
AND WETLAND SYSTEMS: A REVIEW
Extanted Detention Wetlands
47 Benjamin Franklin VA
46 Tanners'sLake MN
49 Mays Chapel MD
50 Clear Lake MN
Natural Wetlands
51 Hktd*n Lake FL
52 Wayzata MN
Pond/Wetland Systems
53 Lake Munaon FL>
54 Carvar flavin* MN
55 McCarrons MN
56 Lake Jackson FL
57 Highway Site FL
58 Long Late ME
10
3
15
21
13
11
40.0
4130
97.0
10700
554
730
233930
170.0
6080
22300
416
118 0
008
010
010*
0.15*
1.08*
1.25*
030*
>050
088*
>1.35
2.0*
9 O O 9 99 99
9 O O Q O ® 99
• O ® O O ® 3 ®
O O O ® O® ® ®
9OO® 09 99
9O99 99 GO
9999 99 99
999O O O 9O
QOOO O9 O9
OOO9 O9 O ®
9999 99 9®
9999 99 99
9O9O 99 99
9999 99 ® ®
Kay:
Oo to 20% R«moval
O20 to40%R«moval
O 40 to 60% Removal
9 60 to 80% Removal •
9 80 to 100% Removal
9 Insufficient Knowledge
Key
TSS Total Suspended Solids
TP Total Phosphorus
SP Soluble Phosphorus
TN Total Nitrogen
N03 Nitrate
COD Chemical Oxygen Daman
P6 Lead
Zn Zinc
Noto An Aswr!skOOM»lMVokjnw of BatirWokinw of Runoff
Note: Th» Information In the above table was taken from- A Current Assessment of Urban Best Management Practices •
Techniques for Reducing Non-Point Source Pollution in the Coastal Zone, prepared by Metropoltan Washington Council of
Governments. March 1992.
H-4
September 1992
Minn lilill II "I
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In order for the Municipal Technology Branch to be effective in meeting your
needs, we need to understand what your needs are and how effectively we are
nesting them » Please take a few minutes to tell us if this ddcument was helpful in
neeting your needs, and what other needs you have concerning wastewater
reatment, water use efficiency, or reuse.
ndicate how you are best described*
] concerned citizen [ ] local official
] consultant [ ] state official
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slame and Phone No. (optional)
[ ] researcher
[ ] student
[ ] teacher
] This document is what I was looking for.
] I would like a workshop/seminar based on this document.
] I had trouble [ ]findmg [ jordering [ ] receiving this document
] The document was especially helpful in the following ways:
] The document could be improved as follows.
] I was unable to meet my need with this document What I really need is.
] 1 found the following things in this document which I believe are wrong*
] What other types of technical assistance do you need1?
We thank you for helping us serve you better. To return this questionnaire, tear
out, fold it, staple'it, put a stamp on it and mail it. Otherwise, it may be faxed to 202-
260-0116
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT FOR
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES-
DEVELOPING POLLUTION PREVENTION
PLANS AND BEST MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES
Office of Wastewater Erfoncemert & Compiance^
MUNICIPAL TECHNOLOGY BRANCH'
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Municipal Technology Branch WH-547
United States Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street SW
Washington, DC 20460
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