United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office Of Water
(4204)
EPA 832-R-92-006
September 1992
Storm Water Management
For Industrial Activities
Developing
Pollution Prevention Plans
And Best Management
Practices
Printed on Recycled Paper
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FOREWORD
This manual provides industrial facilities with comprehensive guidance on the development of
storm water pollution prevention plans and identification of appropriate Best Management
Practices (BMPs). It provides technical assistance and support to all facilities subject to
pollution prevention requirements established under National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permits for storm water point source discharges.
EPA's storm water program significantly expands the scope and application of the existing
NPDES permit system for municipal and industrial process wastewater'discharges. It
emphasizes pollution prevention and reflects a heavy reliance on BMPs to reduce pollutant
loadings and improve water quality. This manual provides essential guidance in both of these
areas.
This document was issued in support of EPA regulations and policy initiatives involving the
development and implementation of a National storm, water program. This document is
Agency guidance only. It does not establish or affect legal rights or obligations. Agency
decisions in any particular case will be made applying the laws and regulations on the basis
of specific facts when permits are issued or regulations promulgated.
This document will be revised and expanded periodically to reflect additional pollution
prevention information and data on treatment effectiveness of BMPs. Comments from users
will be welcomed. Send comments to U.S. EPA, Office of Wastewater Enforcement-and
Compliance, 401 M Street, SW, Mail Code EN-336, Washington, DC 20460.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1. INTRODUCTION . . / . . . .... 1-1
1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDANCE MANUAL . . . 1-1
1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THIS GUIDANCE MANUAL .; .1-2
1.3 SCOPE OF THIS MANUAL 1-3
1.4 DEFINITIONS 1-4
1.5 GOALS OF STORM WATER MANAGEMENT 1-5
1.6 SUMMARY OF THE STORM WATER PROGRAM 1-5
2. STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN . . . '. ................ 2-1
2.1 PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION PHASE C . 2-3'
2.1.1 Who Will Develop and Implement Your Plan? 2-3
2.1.2 Building on Existing Environmental Management Plans ; . 2-5
2.2 ASSESSMENT PHASE - DESCRIPTION OF POTENTIAL POLLUTANT SOURCES 2-7 .
2.2.1 Developing a Site Map 2-8
2.2.2 Material Inventory . . . 2-13
2.2.3 Identifying Past Spills and Leaks 2-15
2.2.4 Identifying Non-Storm Water Discharges ; .... 2-16
2.2.5 Storm Water Monitoring Data 2-19
2.2.6 Assessment Summary 2-20
2.3 BMP IDENTIFICATION PHASE .... 2-21
2.3.1 Baseline Best Management Practices 2-22
Good Housekeeping 2-23
Preventive Maintenance . . 2^~ 5
Visual Inspections . . . 2-^3
Spill Prevention and Response 2-31
Sediment and Erosion Control 2-35
Management of Runoff 2-35
2.3.2 Advanced Best Management Practices 2-36
t '
2.3.3 Completing the BMP Identification Phase .........; 2-37
2.4 IMPLEMENTATION PHASE . . •.'....' 2-39
2.4.1 Implement Appropriate Controls 2-39
2.4.2 Employee Training . 2-40
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Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
2.5 EVALUATION PHASE • • • 2-43
2.5.1 Annual Site Compliance Evaluation • 2-43
2.5.2 Recordkeeping and Internal Reporting . . , 2-44
2.5.3 Plan Revisions •, 2-46
2.6 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS • 2-47
2.6.1 Schedule for Plan Development and Implementation 2-47
2.6.2 Required Signatures . . . -• • • • 2-48
2.6.3 Plan Location and Public Access 2-49
2.6.4 Director-Required Plan Modifications 2-50
*
2.7 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS • • • • • • • 2-51
2.7.1 Special Requirements for Discharges Through Municipal Separate Storm Sewer
Systems .' • • • 2-51
2.7.2 Special Requirements for EPCRA, Section 313 Reporting Facilities . 2-52
2.7.3 Special Requirements for Salt Storage Piles 2-53
3. ACTIVITY-SPECIFIC SOURCE CONTROL BMPs 3-1
3.1 BMPs FOR FUELING STATIONS 3-2
3.2 BMPs FOR VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE 3-5
3.3 BMPs FOR PAINTING OPERATIONS . 3-10
3.4 BMPs FOR VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT WASHING . 3-13
3.5 BMPs FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING MATERIALS 3-15
3.6 BMPs FOR LIQUID STORAGE IN ABOVE-GROUND TANKS ...... 3-17
3.7 BMPs FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AREAS AND OUTSIDE
MANUFACTURING 3-19
3.8 BMPs FOR OUTSIDE STORAGE OF RAW MATERIALS, BY-PRODUCTS, OR FINISHED
PRODUCTS 3-23
3.9 BMPs FOR SALT STORAGE FACILITIES 3-24
4. SITE-SPECIFIC INDUSTRIAL STORM WATER BMPs 4-1
4.1 FLOW DIVERSION PRACTICES 4-3
Storm Water Conveyances 4-4
Diversion Dikes 4-7
Graded Areas and Pavement • • • • 4"9
4.2 EXPOSURE MINIMIZATION PRACTICES 4-11
Containment Diking 4'12
Curbing • 4'14
Drip Pans • 4'16
Collection' Basins 4-18
Sumps . 4'20
Covering • 4"22
Vehicle Positioning 4'25
Loading and Unloading by Air Pressure or Vacuum 4-26
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Taofe of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
Page
4.3 MITIGATIVE PRACTICES ........ 4-28
Sweeping ....;..,... 4-29
Shoveling .......... — . . . 4-30
Excavation Practices . r . . . 4-31
Vacuum and Pump Systems 4-32
Sorbents 4.33
Gelling Agents ..'...' 4-35
4.4 OTHER PREVENTIVE PRACTICES , . 4-37
Preventive Monitoring Practices , ; . 4-38
Dust Control (Land Disturbance and Demolition Areas) . . . . 4-40
Dust Control (Industrial) 4.42
Signs and Labels 4-44
Security 4-46
Area Control Procedures . .... . 4-48
Vehicle Washing 4-49
4.5 SEDIMENT AND EROSION PREVENTION PRACTICES 4-51
4.5.1 Vegetative Practices * ... , 4-51
Preservation of Natural Vegetation 4-53
Buffer Zones 4-55
Mulching, Matting, and Netting 4-60
Temporary Seeding . . . . . . 4-62
Permanent Seeding and Planting 4-64
Sodding 4-66
Chemical Stabilization . . 4-68
4.5.2 Structural Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control Practices 4-69
Interceptor Dikes and Swales . 4-70
Pipe Slope Drains 4-72
Subsurface Drains '. . 4-74
Filter Fence 4-76
Straw Bale Barrier . . . 4-78
Brush Barrier 4-80
Gravel or Stone Filter Berm < 4-82
Storm Drain Inlet Protection . . . 4-84
Sediment Trap . 4-86
Temporary Sediment Basin *. 4-88
Outlet Protection .. . 4-91
Check Dams 4-93
Surface Roughening 4-95
Gradient Terraces ..:'..- 4-98
4.6 INFILTRATION PRACTICES 4-100
Vegetated Filter Strips 4-101
Grassed Swales ;....' 4-103
Level Spreaders • • • 4-105
Infiltration Trenches 4-107
Porous Pavements/Concrete Grids and Modular Pavements . 4-109
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Table of Contents
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A - REFERENCES
APPENDIX B - GLOSSARY
APPENDIX C - MODEL STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
APPENDIX D - ADDITIONAL POLLUTION PREVENTION INFORMATION AND STORM WATER
CONTACTS
APPENDIX E - BMP FACT SHEETS
APPENDIX F - TESTS FOR NON-STORM WATER DISCHARGES
APPENDIX G - COMPARISON OF OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS
APPENDIX H - LIST OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND REPORTABLE QUANTITIES
APPENDIX I - LIST OF EPCRA, SECTION 313 WATER PRIORITY CHEMICALS
APPENDIX J - TABLE OF MONITORING REQUIREMENTS IN EPA'S GENERAL PERMIT
LIST OF TABLES
2.1 CLASSIFICATION OF STORM WATER BMPs . 2-37
4.1 INDEX OF SITE-SPECIFIC INDUSTRIAL STORM WATER BMPs 4-1
LIST OF FIGURES
2.1 STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN FLOWCHART 2-2
2.2 EXAMPLE POLLUTION PREVENTION TEAM ORGANIZATION CHART 2-4
2.3 EXAMPLE SITE MAP 2-9
2.4 EXAMPLE SITE MAP WITH DRAINAGE AREAS ' 2-10
4.1 TYPICAL STORM WATER CONVEYANCE CROSS SECTIONS . . . 4-5
4.2 DIVERSION DIKES 4-7
4.3 EXAMPLE OF GRADED PAVEMENT 4-9
4.4 CONTAINMENT DIKING 4-12
4.5 CURBING AROUND DRUM STORAGE AREA 4-14
4.6 USES FOR DRIP PANS 4-16
4.7 EXAMPLE COVERING FOR INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES 4-23
4.8 SIGN ON DRUM INDICATING FLAMMABILITY • • • • • 4-44
4.9 TRUCK WASHING AREA • • • 4-49
4.10 BENEFITS OF PRESERVING NATURAL VEGETATION 4-54
4.11 EXAMPLE BUFFER ZONE , 4-55
4.12 EXAMPLES OF STREAM BANK STABILIZATION PRACTICES 4-58
4.13 ORIENTATION OF MULCH NETTING AND MATTING 4-60
4.14 SEEDING PRACTICES : • 4-62
4.15 ESTABLISHING PERMANENT COVER WITH VEGETATION 4-64
4.16 SODDING 4-66
4.17 TYPICAL INTERCEPTOR DIKES AND SWALES 4-70
4.18 FLEXIBLE PIPE SLOPE DRAIN 4-72
4.19 SUBSURFACE DRAINS , . . 4-74
4.20 FILTER FENCE DETAILS , 4-76
4.21 CROSS SECTION OF A PROPERLY INSTALLED STRAW BALE BARRIER 4-78
4.22 BRUSH BARRIER 4-80
4.23 TYPICAL GRAVEL FILLER BERM 4-82
IV
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Table of Contents
LIST OF FIGURES
(Continued)
4.24 EXAMPLES OF STORM DRAIN INLET PROTECTION . . ;..... 4-84
4.25 TYPICAL SEDIMENT TRAP 4-86
4.26 TEMPORARY SEDIMENT BASIN 4-88
4.27 TYPICAL DETAILS FOR ROCK OUTLET PROTECTION . 4-91
4.28 TYPICAL CHECK DAMS , . 4-93
4.29 SURFACE ROUGHENING 4-95
4.30 GRADIENT TERRACE 4-98
4.31 USE OF FILTER STRIPS 4-101
4.32 GRASSED SWALE WITH RAILROAD TIE CHECK DAM 4-103
4.33 LEVEL SPREADERS .' . . . . 4-105
4.34 TYPICAL INFILTRATION TRENCH ' .4-107
4.35 POROUS PAVEMENTS, CONCRETE GRIDS, AND MODULAR PAVEMENTS 4-110
September 1992
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CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION
Storm water runoff is part of a natural hydrologic process. However, human activities, particularly
urbanization, can alter natural drainage patterns and add pollutants to the rainwater and snowmelt
that runs off the earth's surface and enters our Nation's rivers, lakes, streams, and coastal waters.
A number of recent studies by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), State water
pollution control authorities, and various universities have shown that storm water runoff is a major
source of water pollution, declines in fisheries, restrictions on swimming, and these conditions limit
our ability to enjoy many of the other benefits that the Nation's waters provide.
In response to this problem, the States and many municipalities have been taking the initiative to
manage storm water more effectively. In acknowledgement of the importance of the storm water
problem, the Congress has directed EPA to undertake a wide range of activities, including providing
technical and financial assistance to States and other jurisdictions to help them improve their storm
water management programs. In addition, through recent amendments to the Clean Water Act, the
Congress has instructed EPA to develop a regulatory program for certain high priority storm water
sources.
In carrying out its responsibilities, EPA is committed to promoting the concept and the practice of
preventing pollution at the source, before it can cause environmental problems costing the public
and private sector in terms of lost resources and the funding it takes to remediate or correct
environmental damage. , ,
*
1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDANCE MANUAL
This manual provides general guidance on developing and implementing a Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan for industrial facilities. Owners and operators of industrial facilities will find that
putting together a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan is a straightforward process that can be
accomplished by facility managers and employees.
EPA is publishing this manual for several reasons. The primary purpose of this manual is to provide
guidance for industrial facilities that are subject to requirements under EPA's General Permits for
storm water discharges associated with industrial activity. Facilities located in the 12 nondelegated
States or 6 Territories are subject to these requirements (see Section 1.6 for a list of States and
Territories subject to EPA General Permit requirements). EPA anticipates that most storm water
discharge permits issued under the Storm Water Program will require a pollution prevention plan.
Throughout this manual, specific EPA General Permit pollution prevention requirements are given in
the shaded boxes as seen below. Although the requirements for a Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan may vary from one permit to another, and from State to State, EPA expects that
most of the general concepts described in this manual are common to all plan requirements. Please
also note that, although this manual presents EPA General Permit requirements that apply to
facilities located in nondelegated States and Territories, some of the nondelegated States required
modifications or additions to the pollution prevention plan requirements to ensure that the permit
complies with State laws and standards. Therefore, it is important that all facilities located in
delegated States, as well as nondelegated States, read their permits to determine whether there are
September 1992 1-1
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Chapter 1—Introduction
any special conditions. This manual is not intended in any way to substitute for binding legal
requirements pursuant to National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits.
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans
A Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan shall be developed for each7 facility covered by this
permit. Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans shatl be prepared in accordance with 900**'
engineering practices* The plan shall identify potential sources of pollution which may
reasonably be expected to affect the quality of storm water discharges' associated with industrial
activity from the facility. In addition, the plan shall describe and ensure the implementation of
practices which are to be used to>educe the ppHutants fn storm water discharges associated
with industrial activity at the facility and to assure compliance with the terms anrf conditions of
this permit. Facilities roust implement the provisions of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Plan required under this part as a condition of this permit. _ .
In addition to providing guidance for facilities that are subject to storm water permit requirements,
this manual contains information that is generally useful for controlling storm water pollution from
almost any type of developed site. EPA hopes this manual is widely used in furthering the
prevention of pollution at its sources and the adoption of management practices that help us
protect the overall quality of the environment.
EPA is also issuing a guidance manual on Best Management Practices {BMPs) for construction
activities. If you are subject to requirements under the general permit for storm water discharges
associated with construction activities, that manual is designed to help you comply with those
somewhat different requirements.
1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THIS GUIDANCE MANUAL
This manual is presented as a user's guide to Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan requirements.
Step-by-step guidelines and accompanying worksheets will walk you through the process of
developing and implementing a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. This approach allows you
to complete this process in the simplest and most efficient way. The worksheets are designed to
help you organize the required information. The remainder of this manual is divided into three
sections: Chapter 2 provides information on how to develop a plan; Chapter 3 serves as a resource
for selecting activity-specific Best Management Practices (BMPs); and Chapter 4 discusses site-
specific BMPs. As you complete each section, you will move through each of the following steps
and end up with a fully developed Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. Each step is important
and should be completed before moving on to the next step. The five major phases involved in
developing and implementing your plan are as follows:
; Phase 1 -
Phase 2' -
Phase3 ,-
Phase 4 -
Phase 5 -
Planning and Organization
, ,, '/, *>"' /'. ' - \
Assessment *' , ;,
BMP Identification
PJan implementation
Evaluation _ % /t
1-2
September 1992
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Chapter I— Introduction
Chapter 2 provides step-by-step guidance for completing each of these phases. The Organization
Phase starts the process by helping you to get organized and by identifying who is going to develop
and implement the plan and by identifying site-specific pollution prevention objectives. The
Assessment Phase involves gathering information about your site and identifying potential sources
of storm water pollution. Using the information collected during the Assessment Phase, you can .
begin to design the storm water management program that best suits your site. During the BMP
Identification Phase, you will evaluate the required baseline BMPs and select other preventive
measures. The fourth stage of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Planning process is the :
Implementation Phase, during which you put the plan into action. The final step, the Evaluation
Phase, allows you to determine if your plan is actually accomplishing your pollution prevention
objectives. Periodic reviews, inspections, and evaluations will allow you to keep the plan effective
and up-to-date.
In Chapter 3, which details activity-specific BMPs, you will find a number of measures you can use
to prevent or reduce the contamination of storm water caused by specific industrial activities.
Chapter 4 describes site-specific BMPs. From the list of site-specific BMPs, you can select
prevention and control measures that are most appropriate for the physical characteristics of your
facility. A combination of these types of BMPs may be most appropriate for your site, •
In addition, there are several appendices located at the end of this manual. Appendix A lists the
references used to develop this manual. Appendix B includes a glossary of terms. Appendix C
provides a model of what a pollution prevention plan might look like for a small industry. Appendix
D provides State and Federal storm water and pollution prevention contacts and additional
information on pollution prevention. Appendix E provides technical and design fact sheets for some
of the storm water BMPs described in Chapter 4. Appendix F describes tests for non-storm water
discharges. Appendix G compares Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan requirements with plan
requirements under other environmental programs. Appendix H is a list of reportable quantities for
hazardous substances under 40 CFR Parts 117 and 302. Appendix 1 is the list of water priority
chemicals under Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), Section 313.
Appendix J includes a table of the monitoring requirements that are contained in EPA's General
Permits.
1.3 SCOPE OF THIS MANUAL
This manual provides useful information on many pollution prevention arid best management
practices which you can use to prevent or reduce the discharge of sediment and other pollutants in
storm water runoff from your site. This manual describes the practices and controls, tells how,
when, and where to use them, and how to maintain them. However, the effectiveness of these
controls lies fully in your hands. Although specific recommendations will be offered in the
following chapters, keep in mind that careful consideration must be given to selecting the most
appropriate control measures based on site-specific features, and on properly installing the controls
in a timely manner. Finally, although this manual provides guidelines for maintenance, it is up to
you to make sure that your controls are carefully maintained or they will prove to be ineffective.
This manual describes the EPA General Permit requirements for pollution prevention plans.
However, requirements may vary from permit to permit. You should read your permit to determine
the required components of your pollution prevention plan. Although this manual describes
"typical" permit requirements, do not assume that the typical permit requirements described in this
manual are the same as your permit requirements even if you are included under an NPDES general
permit for storm water discharges associated with industrial activities. Permit conditions may vary
between different permits and/or different versions of the permit.
EPA has issued a number of regulations addressing pollution control practices for different
environmental media (i.e., land, water, air, and ground water). However, this manual focuses on
identifying pollution prevention measures and BMPs specifically for industrial storm water
September 1992 1-3
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Chapter 1—Introduction
discharges and provides guidance to industrial facilities on how to comply with storm water
permits. .
Although Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans primarily focus on storm water, it is important to
consider the impacts of selected storm water management measures on other environmental media
(i.e., land, air, and ground water). For example, if the water table is unusually high in your area, a
retention pond for contaminated storm water may also lead to contamination of a ground water
source unless special preventive measures are taken. Permittees must take these issues into
consideration in selecting appropriate pollution prevention measures and should make certain that
adoption of storm water measures is consistent with other Federal, State, and local environmental
laws. For instance, under EPA's July 1991 Ground Water Protection Strategy, States are
encouraged to develop Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection Programs. Your facility's
efforts to control storm water should be compatible with the ground water protection objectives
reflected in your State's program.
1.4 DEFINITIONS
As you use this manual to select pollution prevention approaches, you will see two key phrases
used frequently: "pollution prevention plan" and "best management practice." A solid
understanding of these terms is very important in meeting the goals of storm water management
discussed above.
Pollution Prevention Plan
The first term of importance is "storm water pollution prevention plan." As mentioned in Section
1.1, this manual is designed to help you to prepare and implement a Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan. As you will learn in Chapter 2, Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans consist of
a series of steps and activities to, first, identify sources of pollution or contamination on your site,
and, second, select and carry out actions which prevent or control the pollution of storm water
discharges.
Best Management Practice
The other concept used throughout this manual is "Best Management Practice" or BMP. BMPs are
measures or practices used to reduce the amount of pollution entering surface water, air, land, or
ground waters. BMPs may take the form of a process, activity, or physical structure. Some BMPs
are simple and can be put into place immediately, while others are more complicated and require
extensive planning or space. They may be inexpensive or costly to implement. Although BMPs are
used in many environmental programs, the BMPs presented in this manual are specifically designed
to reduce or eliminate pollutants* in storm water discharges. Chapter 2 describes the baseline BMP
requirements of EPA's General Permit for storm water discharges associated with industrial activity.
Chapters 3 and 4 describe numerous specific BMPs that will help you comply with these
requirements.
1.5 GOALS OF STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
Federal, State, and local storm water management programs have a common goal:
To Improve Water Quality By Reducing trie Pollutants Contained In Storm Water Discharges
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Chapter 1-Introduction
Meeting this goal is a difficult challenge for many reasons. For example, the original sources of the
pollutants transported in storm water can be diffuse or spread out over a wide area. So, small oil
and grease spills at hundreds of different facilities within a single city can collectively represent a
major pollution problem. In addition, the nature of storm water is such that the amount of
pollutants that enter receiving waters will vary in accordance with the frequency, intensity and
duration of rainfall and the nature of local drainage patterns. Considering the wide variety of types
of industries in the United States and the wide range of materials and chemical compounds that are
used as part of different industrial activities, a site-specific pollution prevention plan tailored for
each facility is considered the most effective, flexible, and economically practical approach to
achieve effective storm water management.
The pollution prevention plan approach required by EPA gives facilities flexibility to establish a site-
specific stor,m water management program to meet Best Available Technology/Best Control
Technology (BAT/BCT) standards required by the Clean Water Act instead of imposing numerical
discharge limitations. Yet, the BMP framework established by the pollution prevention plan
requirements must be fully implemented to meet these standards.
1.6 SUMMARY OF THE STORM WATER PROGRAM
Storm water discharges have been increasingly identified as a significant source of water pollution
in numerous nationwide studies on water quality. To address this problem, the Clean Water Act
Amendments of 1987 required EPA to publish regulations to control storm water discharges under
NPDES. EPA published storm water regulations on November 16, 1990, which require certain
dischargers of storm water to waters of the United States to apply for NPDES permits. "Waters of
the United States" is generally defined as surface waters, including lakes, rivers, streams,
wetlands, and coastal waters. NPDES storm water, discharge permits will allow the States and EPA
to track and monitor sources of storm water pollution. According to the November 16, 1990, final
rule, facilities with a "storm water discharge associated with industrial activity" are required to
apply for a storm water permit. EPA has defined this phrase in terms of 11 categories of industrial
activity that include: (1) facilities subject to storm water effluent limitations guidelines, new source
performance standards, or toxic pollutant effluent standards under 40 CFR Subchapter N; (2)
"heavy" manufacturing facilities; (3) mining and oil and gas operations with "contaminated" storm
water discharges; (4) hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities; (5) landfills, land
application sites, and open dumps; (6) recycling facilities; (7) steam electric generating facilities; (8)
transportation facilities, including airports; (9) sewage treatment plants; (10) construction
operations disturbing 5 or more acres*; and (11) other industrial facilities where materials are
exposed to storm water*. Operators of industrial, facilities that are Federally, State, or municipally
owned or operated that meet the above description must also submit applications. If you have
questions about whether or not your facility needs to seek permit coverage, contact the EPA Storm
Water Hotline at (703) 821-4823.
Storm water discharges associated with industrial activity that reach waters of the United States
through Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s) are also required to obtain NPDES storm
water permit coverage. Discharges of storm water to a combined sewer system or to a Publicly
Owned Treatment Works (POTW) are excluded.
The storm water regulation presents three permit application options for storm water discharges
associated with industrial activity. The first option is to submit an individual application consisting
of Forms 1 and 2F. The second option is to participate in a group application. The third option is
to file a Notice of Intent (NOD to be covered under a general permit in accordance with the
*On June 4, 1992, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit remanded the
exemptions for manufacturing facilities which do not have materials or activities exposed to storm
water and for construction sites of less than five acres to the, EPA for further rulemaking.
September 1992 1-5
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Chapter 1—Introduction
requirements of an issued general permit. Regardless of the permit application option a facility
selects, the resulting storm water discharge permit will most likely contain a requirement to develop
and implement a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan.
NPDES permits are issued by the State for States that have been delegated NPDES permitting
authority or by EPA for States that have not been delegated NPDES permitting authority.
Therefore, the specific EPA General Permit requirements discussed in this guidance manual apply
only to facilities located in one of the 12 nondelegated States or Territories (Alaska; Arizona; Idaho;
Louisiana; Maine; Massachusetts; New Hampshire; New Mexico; Oklahoma; South Dakota; Texas;
the District of Columbia; Puerto Rico; Guam; American Samoa; Northern Mariana Islands; Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands; Indian lands in Alabama, California, Georgia, Kentucky,, Michigan,
Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, New York, Nevada, South
Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Wisconsin, Wyoming; located within Federal facilities or Indian lands in
Colorado and Washington; and located within Federal facilities in Delaware). EPA expects,
however, that the Federal general permit will be used as a model by NPDES-authorized States,
tailored to meet State-specific conditions. Even though storm water permit requirements will vary
from State to State depending on water quality concerns and permitting priorities for the permitting
authority, EPA expects that most NPDES storm water discharge permits will contain Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan requirements similar to the requirements presented in this manual.:
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CHAPTER
2
STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
Chapter 2 presents a step-by-step guide to help you develop a Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Plan for your facility. Figure 2.1 is a flowchart showing each step involved in developing and
implementing a successful plan. As shown in this flowchart, the steps have been grouped into five
general phases, which are: (1) planning and organization; (2) assessment; (3) BMP identification;
(4) implementation; and (5) evaluation/monitoring. In addition, Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Plans also must address a number of general requirements, including developing a schedule or
deadlines for the accomplishment of tasks, and an identification of signature authority, where
required by Federal regulations. Some types of facilities will also have to meet other special
requirements. For example, special requirements apply to facilities that discharge through
municipal separate storm water systems as well as those facilities that are subject to reporting
requirements under EPCRA, Section 313 for water priority chemicals.
Figure 2.1 also' identifies a number of worksheets that can help walk you through the planning
process. These worksheets are located at the end of Chapter 2. You can pull them out,
photocopy them, and simply incorporate the completed forms in your plan.
The five planning phases, general requirements, and special requirements are discussed in turn in
the remainder of this chapter. To help you follow along, a simplified version of the flowchart for
the entire planning process is shown at the beginning of each section, with a highlighted box
showing the particular phase that is being discussed. So, for example, you will find that the
Planning and Organization Phase is highlighted on the flowchart at the top of page 2-3, signaling
the beginning of our detailed discussion of this first step.
September 1992 2-1
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
2.1 PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION
• Form Pollution Prevention Team
• Review other plans
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2.2 ASSESSMENT PHASE
• Develop a site map
> Inventory and describe exposed materials
1 List significant spills and leaks
1 Test for non-storm water discharges
1 Evaluate monitoring data
• Summarize pollutant sources and risks
2.3 BMP IDENTIFICATION PHASE
• Baseline BMPs
• Select activity- and site-specific
BMPs
2.4 IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
• Implement BMPs
• Train employees
2.5 EVALUATION/MONITORING
Conduct annual site inspection/BMP evaluation
Conduct recordkeeping and reporting
Review and revise plan
2.6 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
• Deadlines
• Signature requirements
• Plan location and public access
• Required plan modification
WORKSHEET*
1
7A
8
9
2.7 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
• Discharges through MS4s
• Salt storage piles
• EPCRA, Section 313 Facilities
FIGURE 2.1 STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN FLOWCHART
2-2
September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
2.1 PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION
• Form Pollution Prevention Team
• Review other plans
2.2 ASS~3St*£ST«*HAS£
?..S &m> !K£:Nr«:iOAT=
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
What are the Roles and Responsibilities of the Designated Individual or Team?
The designated individual or team will be the driving force behind the development, implementation,
maintenance, and revision of the facility's Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. One of the first
tasks of those responsible is to define and agree upon a clear and reasonable set of goals for the
facility's overall storm water management program. Where a team is involved, the responsibilities
or duties of specific team members should be clearly defined.
Areas of responsibilities include initial site assessment, identification of pollutant sources and risks,
decision making on appropriate BMPs, directing the actual implementation of the BMPs, and then,
regular evaluations to measure the effectiveness of the plan. Details of these procedures are
described in the latter part of this chapter.
To ensure that the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan remains effective, the person or team
responsible for maintaining the pollution prevention plan must be aware of any changes that are
made in plant operations to determine if any changes must be made.
While a designated individual or a pollution prevention team can be assigned the job of developing
and implementing a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan, plant management is ultimately
responsible for the implementation of the plan and for compliance with all applicable storm water
requirements. Accordingly, the designated individual or team must have a clear line of
communication with plant management to ensure that they are able to function in a cooperative
partnership.
Who Should be on a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Team?
Any team, by definition, involves decision making and planning in a group setting. This allows for
people with different ideas and areas of expertise to share knowledge and collectively figure out
what works best for a particular facility. To broaden the base of involvement in the facility's storm
water pollution prevention program, team members should represent all phases of the facility's
operations.
For example, at a large facility, a team may be comprised of representatives from plant
management, all aspects of production operations, engineering, waste handling and treatment
(environmental department), and, if applicable, research and development. See Figure 2.2 for an
illustration of an example team organizational chart.
Plant Management
Engineering
Research &
Development
Production
Waste Material
Handling
Maintenance
Manufacturing Material Storage Shipping/Receiving
FIGURE 2.2 EXAMPLE POLLUTION PREVENTION TEAM ORGANIZATION CHART
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Not all facilities will have or require all of these "team" positions. As mentioned above, team
membership depends on the type of operations occurring at a facility. For example, a small
trucking operation may find it appropriate to designate a single individual or a very small pollution
prevention team with experience in key types of facility operations, such as vehicle maintenance,
vehicle washing, fueling, and materials handling.
For a facility that has already designated a spill prevention and response team, the facility may use
some of these personnel on the storm water pollution prevention team, thus overlapping the two
groups to a certain extent. However, the roles and responsibilities of the pollution prevention team
reach beyond the activities of a spill prevention and response team, and consequently, it would not
be appropriate for a facility simply to substitute the spill response team for the pollution prevention
team without clearly examining the roles and requirements related to storm water management (see
Section 2.1.2).
Worksheet #1 (located at the end of Chapter 2) is an example of an appropriate form on which to
list the team members. To complete this worksheet, list the pollution prevention team members by
name, facility position (title), phone number, and include a brief description of each member's
specific responsibilities. This list can be directly incorporated into the Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan, but it should also be displayed or posted within the facility so that other plant
employees are aware of who is responsible for storm water management.
EPCRA, Section 313 Facility Team Requirements
EPA's General Permit contains more specific pollution prevention team requirements for facilities
subject to reporting under EPCRA, Section 313 for water priority chemicals [Part IV.D.7.b.(9).].
The team must designate a person who will be accountable for spill prevention at the facility and
identify this person in the plan. The designated person is responsible for setting up necessary spill
emergency procedures and reporting requirements to isolate, contain, and clean up spills and
emergency releases of Section 313 water priority chemicals before a discharge can occur.
2.1.2 Building on Existing Environmental Management Plans
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
^Consistency with Other Plans
- PartiV.rm
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans may reflect requirements for Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasure (SPCCJ plans developed for the facility under Sectkm 311 of the Cfean Water
Act or BMP programs otherwise required by an NPDES permit for the facility as long as such
requirement is incorporated into the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan.
Many industrial facilities may have already incorporated storm water management practices into
day-to-day operations as a part of an environmental management plan required by other
regulations. Potentially relevant elements of a number of different types of plans are listed in
Appendix G at the end of this manual. The plans addressed include: the Preparedness, Prevention
and Contingency Plan [40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 264 and 265], the Spill Control and
Cpuntermeasures requirements (40 CFR 112), the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Toxic Organic Management Plan (40 CFR 413, 433, 469), and the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) Emergency Action Plan (29 CFR 1910). It is the responsibility of the
pollution prevention team to evaluate these other plans to determine which, if any, provisions may
be incorporated into the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan.
September 1992 2-5
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
In some cases, it may be possible to build on elements of these plans that are relevant to storm
water pollution prevention. For example, if your facility already has in place an effective spill
prevention and response plan, elements of that spill prevention strategy may be relevant to your
approach for storm water pollution prevention. More specifically, lists of potential pollutants or
constituents of concern may provide a starting point for your list of potential storm water
pollutants. Although you should build on relevant portions of other environmental plans as
appropriate, it is important to note that your Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan must be a
comprehensive, stand-alone document.
2-6
September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevent/on Plan
22 ASSESSMENT PHASE
• Develop a site map
• Inventory and describe exposed materials
• List significant spills and leaks
• Test for non-storm water discharges
> Evaluate monitoring data
> Summarize pollutant sources and risks
2.S
WU-fcSifcTA'HCN P:«ASE
2.2 ASSESSMENT PHASE -
DESCRIPTION OF POTENTIAL
POLLUTANT SOURCES
After identifying who is responsible for developing
and implementing your plan and organizing your
planning process, you should proceed to this next
step—a pollutant source assessment. This is
where you take a look at your facility and site and
determine, what materials or practices are or may
be a source of contaminants to the storm water
running off your site. To complete this phase,
you will:
• Assess the potential sources of storm water
pollution at your facility
• Create a map of the facility site to locate
pollutant sources and determine storm -
water management opportunities
• Conduct a material inventory
• Evaluate past spills and leaks
• Identify non-storm water discharges and
illicit connections
• Collect or evaluate storm water quality data
• Summarize the findings of this assessment.
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Description of Potential Pollutant Sources
Each plan should provide a description: of potential sources which may be reasonably expected
to add significant amounts of pollutants to storm water discharges or which may result in the
discharge of pofiutants during dry weather from separate storm sewers draining the facility.
Each plan shall identify all activities and significant materials which may potentially fae sfenificant
pollutant sources*
This phase is designed to help you to target the most important pollutant sources for corrective
and/or preventive action, thus using a "risk-based" approach to environmental protection. Details
on how to complete this assessment are provided in the next six subsections of this chapter (see
2.2.1-2.2.6). These sections of the manual will help you discover areas at your facility that have
the potential for contributing pollutants to storm water. Within each of the following sections, you
will find helpful worksheets and suggestions for accomplishing a complete and accurate
assessment of existing and potential problems. Each of the required components builds on the
others; therefore, it is very important to perform each step thoroughly.
September 1992
2-7
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
2.2.1 Developing a Site Map
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Site Drainage and Potential,Pollutant Sources „,
„*-}•'-' --••'*" ; ',,"-,"
The facility site map must include; ,..;... ' ,, , - -,,';,.,<
* An outline of the'drainage area of each storm water outfall
* Location of any existing structural control measures used to reduce pollutants in storm
water runoff ,*", ' . - - '' ::
» Surface water bodies
• Locations where significant'materials aTe exposed to precipitation
v S >A *• * ^ ' >, ' '• > '
• Locations where major spills or leaks have "occurred , ,„ % .. 'f -s,
* Locations for each of the following activities (where exposed to storm water);
',, ^"., -' cx^' ' ,'/,' '• M'% " " ' < / r,
- Fueling stations '_ - ," " - -".. ' ," ' '- "'•" ^TV -,
- Vehicfe and equipment maintenance and/or'cfeaning areas
-Loading/unloading areas' ., , ,, „,' ,, " '
- Treatmentr storage^'oV waste disposal areas
- Uquidstorage'tanks , \ -...., ; ^-
- Processing areas / 7 , , ' , ,'„',,,,
•--' Storage areas. , ' , ': ''•> "', ' : ">- -,"
The facility site map is basically an illustration of the overall site and location, and should indicate
property boundaries, buildings and operation or process areas, as well as provide information on
drainage, storm water control structures, and receiving streams. Locating these features on the
map will help you assess where potential storm water pollutants are located on your site, where
they mix with storm water, and where storm water leaves your site. All of this information is
essential in identifying the best opportunities for storm water pollution prevention or control.
Worksheet #2 (located at the end of Chapter 2) is designed to help you develop an appropriate and
useful site map.
Rgures 2.3 and 2.4 are good examples of site maps with different layers of information to help
locate sources of pollution on your site. When properly drafted, your site map will be a very useful
too! to assist in designing the proper pollution prevention controls, thereby preventing further
degradation of water quality by reducing additional water pollution.
Outfalls and Drainage Areas
Once boundaries and facility structures have been shown on your site map; you should identify all
of the storm water outfalls (also called "discharge points") on your site. A storm water outfall is
the point where storm water enters a natural waterway or a separate storm sewer system. If your
facility has its own storm water conveyance system, locate where the pipes or conveyances
discharge to a stream, river, lake, or other water body. If your facility discharges to a municipal
separate storm sewer system, your onsite drainage point into the system is an outfall. However,
on many sites, storm water is simply collected in ditches. The discharge points may not be so
obvious, particularly when it is not raining. In these cases, it may be necessary to inspect your site
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September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
FIGURE 2.3 EXAMPLE SITE MAP
September 1992
2-9
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
FIGURE 2.4 EXAMPLE SITE MAP WITH DRAINAGE AREAS
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September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
particularly when it is not raining. In these cases, it may be necessary to inspect your site during a
rain storm to identify your discharge points. Clearly label each outfall either with letters (A, B, C,
etc.) or numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.) so that you can easily reference these discharge points in other
sections of your Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan.
Working back from the storm water outfalls you have identified, now determine the drainage areas
for each outfall (see Figure 2.4). A topographic map can help with this task if one with the suitable
scale is readily available. For larger facilities (greater than 25 acres), 7.5 minute topographic maps,
available from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), probably have the level of detail
necessary to determine site drainage patterns.
Maps may be purchased from local commercial dealers or directly from USGS information
offices. Check your locai yellow pages for commercial dealers. Topographic maps may also be
purchased by mail. Standard topographic quadrangles cost $2.50. You can order maps from
the following locations: .
USGS Map Safes for Alaska maps:
Box 25286 or USGS Map Safes
Denver, CO 80225 101 12th Ave,, #12
Fairbanks, AK 99701
For smaller sites, examination of a topographic map may not reveal very much about the drainage
patterns of the site.. A simple alternative is to examine the contours of your site. A visual
observation of flows or the use of small floatables or dyes in concentrated flows are simple
methods to determine drainage patterns on your facility. Drainage patterns may be very obvious in
some cases, -such as drainage down a particular hill oh the site. In areas where the site appears to
be relatively flat, a rough study of storm water flow during a rain event should provide you with a
sufficient sense of the flow patterns.
Structural Storm Water Controls
Other features to include on the site map are the locations and identification of any existing
structural control measures already in place that are used to control or direct storm water runoff.
A structural control measure is any physically constructed feature you have onsite that is used
specifically to change the way that storm water flows or that is used to remove pollutants from
storm water. Examples of structural controls include: retention/detention ponds, flow diversion
structures (including ditches and culverts), vegetative swales, porous pavement, sediment traps,
and any soil stabilization or erosion control practices. See Chapter 4 for a more complete
description and illustrations of these structures. Each structure should be clearly identified on the
site map, as illustrated in Rgure 2.3.
Surface Waters
On the site map, you should label all surface water bodies on or next to the site. This includes any
stream, river, lake, or other water body (see Figure 2.3 as an example). Each water body should
be identified by name. If you do not know the name of the water body, you can check the USGS
topographical maps discussed above for the legal name. Your municipal government may also have
municipal maps that identify small streams by name. If your storm water runoff flows into a small,
unnamed tributary, the name of the downstream water body will be sufficient.
July 1992 2-11
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Potential Pollutant Sources
To develop a useful site map for your facility's Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan, you must
also indicate other items on the map so that you understand what activities are taking place in
each drainage area, and therefore, what types of pollutants may be present in storm water from ,
these areas. These features include:, .
• Topography of site (discussed above)
« Location of exposed significant materials (see Section 2.2.2)
• Locations of past spills and leaks (see Section 2.2.3)
• High-risk waste generating areas and activities common on industrial sites, such as:
- Fueling stations
- Vehicle and equipment maintenance
- Vehicle and equipment washing
- Loading and unloading areas
- Above-ground liquid storage tanks
- Industrial waste management areas and outside manufacturing
- Outside storage of raw materials, by-products, or finished products.
You will notice that specific BMPs may be applied to control the amount of pollutants in storm
water discharges from these areas (see Chapter 3). Now is the time to determine if any of these
activities take place onsite, and in which drainage areas they take place.
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Types,of Pollutants and Row Direction
Part IV.O2.aCC2). ,
For each area of the facility that generates storm water discharges associated with industrial
activity with a reasonable potential for containing significant amounts of pollutants, include a
prediction of the direction of flow and identify the types of pollutants which are likely, to be
present in storm water discharges associated with industrial activity. - Factors to consider include
the toxicity of the chemical; quantity of chemicals used, produced, or discharged; the likelihood
of contact with storm water; and the history of significant leaks or spills of toxic or hazardous
pollutants. Flows with a significant potential for causing erosion shall be identified.
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
2.2.2 Material Inventory
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Inventory of Exposed Materials \
* ' "> Part IV.D.'a.bx s , ,,
Conduct an inventory of materials that may be exposed to storm water at your site, and include
a narrative description of: „„•.,-"., ' - „„ , ,
* ^ jf :j ; .- ^ ,- ; s •" _,
' i *" *.'•, VV *. V. *.*. •* J J v? J O f J JJ f f **•, * \ f f f
• Significant materials that have been handled, treated, stored, or disposed in a manner to
allow exposure to storm water between the time of three years prior to trie date of permit
issuance and the present, ^ s ,,'"„, . ' "•
* Method(s) and location of onsrte storage or disposal
• Materials management practices employed to minimize contact of these materials with
storm water runoff between the time of three; years prior to the date of the issuance of the
permit and the present ' -''-.-.,, ,~*, ,-,- T < < ''
* Existing structural and nonstructural control measures to reduce pollutants in storm water
runoff, including their locations „, ',„--•
• Any treatment of storm water runoff.,/ ;, - - -
The next step in the Assessment Phase is to conduct a material inventory at your site, specifically
looking for materials that have been exposed to storm water and measures you have taken to
prevent the contact of these materials with storm water. Maintaining an up-to-date material
inventory is an efficient way to identify what materials are handled onsite and which may
contribute to storm water contamination problems. As discussed above, these potential pollutant
sources should be identified on your facility's site map.
Worksheet #3 (located at the end of Chapter 2) will help guide you through the process of
conducting a material inventory for your Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. Although an
inventory of all materials (exposed and not exposed) is required as part of EPA's General Permits,
conducting such an inventory is a good first step in compiling a list of exposed materials. If any of
the significant materials on your site have been exposed to storm water in the three years prior to
the effective date of your permit, fill out Worksheet #3A and include it in your plan.
Inventory of Exposed Significant Materials
"Significant materials," as defined in 40 CFR 122.26(b)(12), are substances related to industrial
activities such as process chemicals, raw materials, fuels, pesticides, and fertilizers (see Glossary in
Appendix B for exact definition). When these substances are exposed to storm water runoff, they
may be carried to a receiving stream with the storm water flow. Therefore, identification of these
materials helps to determine where a potential for contamination exists and is the first step in
identifying appropriate BMPs to address this contamination potential.
To inventory the materials on your site, inspect your site carefully. You may wish to use the site
checklist (page 2-14) to help you identify exposed materials. Focus on areas where you Store,
process, transport or transfer any materials used or produced during your industrial processes.
Check any storage tanks, pipes or pumping areas and note any leaks or spills. Observe any loading
September 1992 2-13
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
or unloading operations and indicate whether any industrial materials are exposed to storm water
during those processes. Look at any unsealed dumpsters or disposal units/areas where you deposit
wastes from your industrial activities and document instances where waste materials are exposed
to rain. Also pay attention to material handling equipment, including everything from vehicles to
pallets, where raw and waste materials from your industrial activities are exposed. Finally,
consider areas such as the roof where particles are emitted from air vents and are likely to fall
within your drainage areas. .
Site Checklist
Q Does your facility show signs of poor housekeeping (cluttered walkways, urtswept floors,
uncovered materials, «tc.)? - - -" "
Q Are there spots, pools, puddles, or other traces of oil, grease, or other chemicals on the
ground? ,
Q Is there discoloration, residue, or corrosion on the roof or around vents or pipes that ventilate
or drain work areas? ,
D Do yog see leaking equipment, pipes, containers, or lines?
D Are there areas where absorbent materials (kitty litter, saw dust, etc.} are regularly used?
Q Do you notice signs such as smoke, dirt, or fumes that indicate material losses?
Q Do you smelt strange odors, or experience eye; nose, or throat irritation when you first enter
the work area? These are indications of equipment leaks.
Q Do storage containers show signs of corrosion or leaks?
D Are there open containers, stacked drumsr shelving too small to properly handle inventory, or
other indications of poor storage procedures?
D Are containers properly labeled?
These are some basic guidelines meant to help you determine what kinds of things to look out for.
This.list does not necessarily cover every possible source of pollutants. As the site operator, you
are responsible for knowing the particular concerns associated with your activity. Be as detailed as
you can in your description of the significant materials exposed at your facility. Discuss what you
found in your assessment, the amounts present and their location. Update this inventory whenever
new, significant materials are introduced and exposed onsite so that your management practices
can be modified to suit any changes.
Next, you should give closer scrutiny to areas where you store or dispose of industrial materials.
Inspect your various containers carefully and note whether there are any openings, holes or leaks
that allow storm water to contact significant materials in those containers.
Existing Management Measures and Treatment of Storm Water Runoff
Now that you have described the potential pollutant sources in storm water runoff from your site,
you should describe what management practices you currently use. Management practices can be
as simple as scheduled sweeping of the material transfer area. In this section of your plan you
must describe both structural and nonstructural management practices. Structural management
2-14 .,•'.. September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
practices are those practices that entail construction of manmade structures such as berms,
detention ponds, or grassed swales, whereas nonstructural management practices involve regularly
scheduled actions (such as sweeping, inspections, or improved materials handling and management
practices).
Remember that the purpose of BMPs is to keep the pollutants out of storm water runoff by
reducing material exposure to storm water, directing the storm water away from contaminated
areas, or reducing the volume of potentially polluting materials on the site.
Finally, you must describe any treatment that you provide for the storm water discharges from your
site. The treatment of storm water is often accomplished through holding in a detention pond
which allows for settling of inorganic solids and partial removal of organic contaminants. In the
case of detention ponds, you should describe the size and average depth of each pond on your site
(storage volume). You should also provide any design criteria (i.e., design flow rates, etc.) for the
pond that may be available to you from engineering design reports or diagrams. Your site may also
direct some of your storm water into your process water treatment system.. If so, you should
identify what type of treatment is provided, and whether this is allowed under your NPDES or other
discharge permit. In any case, be sure to specify areas from which the treated storm water drains.
2.2.3 identifying Past Spills and Leaks
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
nils and Leaks
v,' - '//' PfrtW-B.icr." "J * * ' '- •
Include a list of significant spills and significant leaks of toxic or hazardous pollutants that
occurred at areas that are exposed to precipitation or that otherwise drain to a storm water
conveyance at the facHJty after the date of three years prior to th'e effective date of this permit.
Such list shall be updated as appropriate during the term of this permit.
The next component of the assessment phase of your pollution prevention plan is a list of
significant spills and significant leaks of toxic or hazardous materials that have occurred at your
facility. This list provides information on potential sources of storm water contamination. The first
question that comes to mind is "What is a significant spill or leak?"
EPA has defined "significant spills" to include releases within a 24-hour period of hazardous
substances in excess of reportable quantities under Section 311 of the Clean Water Act and
Section 102 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Reportable quantities are set amounts of substances in pounds, gallons, or other units
and are listed in 40 CFR Part 117 and 40 CFR Part 302. This list is included as Appendix H in this
manual. If your facility releases these listed hazardous substances to the environment in excess of
these amounts, you are required to notify the National Response Center at (800) 424-8802 as soon
as possible. Releases are defined to include any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting,
emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping', leaching, dumping, or disposing into the environment.
Worksheet #4 (located at the end of Chapter 2) can help you organize this list of leaks and spills.
The areas on your site where significant leaks or spills have occurred are areas on which you
should focus very closely when selecting activity-specific or site-specific BMPs.
If several of these events have occurred at your facility, pay special attention to Section 2.3.1,
which discusses spill prevention and response procedures. Adequate spill prevention and response
September 1992 2-15
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
procedures are one of the BMPs that should be included in your pollution prevention plan. Using
the proper procedures will reduce the likelihood of spills or releases in the future, thus reducing the
opportunity for spilled pollutants to come into contact with storm water.
The above list of significant leaks and spills, together with the other information gathered to
identify pollutants and sources, provides the necessary focus for the BMP Identification Phase of
your facility's Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. This information is used to target pollution
prevention activities such as preventive maintenance, good housekeeping, spill prevention and
response procedures, employee training, and storm water management controls such as covering,
flow diversion, erosion control and treatment that ultimately will reduce pollutant loadings in storm
water discharges.
2.2.4 Identifying Non-Storm Water Discharges
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
: Non-Storm Water Discharges
^ , Part tV,D.3.g,m,
The plan must include a certification that all storm water outfalls have been tested or evaluated
for the presence of non-storm water discharges. The certification shall include:
• ktentiflqatiort of potential non-storm water discharges ' "
* A description of the results of any test arid/or evaluation for the presence of non-storm
water discharges '/
** The evaluation criteria or test method used
, > ' * ''• '•.,
• The date of testing and/or evaluation
% vJ4 •" % ,• "" ' f * *
* The onsite drainage points that were directly observed during the test and/or evaluation.
This certification shall be signed in accordance with Section 2.(5,2,In this manual and must be
included in your Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. An example certification form Is
provided as Worksheet #5.
If this certification is not feasible because you do not have access to an outfall, manhole, or
other point of access to the fmaJ storm water discharge potnt(s), you should describe why the
certification was infeasibJe, You also must notify the permitting authority by October T, 1993 ,
tor 180 days after submitting the Notice of Intent (NOD for facilities that begin industrial:
activities after October \r 1992J, of. any potential sources of non-storm water discharges to the
storm water discharge and why you could not perform the test for non-storm water discharges,
This certification must be signed in accordance with Section 2.6.2 of tills manual and submitted
to the permitting authority. An example Failure to Certify form is provided as Worksheet #6.
Examples of non-storm water discharges include any water used directly in the manufacturing
process (process water), air conditioner condensate, non-contact cooling water, vehicle wash
water, or sanitary wastes. Connections of non-storm water discharges to a storm water collection
system are common yet are often unidentified. Those types of discharges are significant sources.
of water quality problems. Unless permitted by an NPDES permit, such discharges are illegal. If
such connections are discovered, disconnect them or submit an NPDES permit application (Form 2C
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September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
for process wastewater or 2E for nonprocess wastewater) to your permitting authority. Such
interconnections must be disconnected or covered by an NPDES permit.
To check for non-storm water discharges, you may elect to use one of four common dry weather
tests described below and in more detail in Appendix F: (1) visual inspection; (2) plant schematic
review; and (3) dye testing.
Visual Inspection
The easiest method for detecting non-storm water connections into the storm water collection
system is simply to observe all discharge points during dry weather. Inspect each discharge point
on three separate occasions. As a rule, the discharge point should be dry during a period of
extended dry weather since a storm water collection system should only collect storm water. Keep
!n mind, however, that drainage of a particular rain event can continue for three days or more after
the rain has stopped. In addition, infiltration of ground water into the underground collection
system is also common. To be sure about the source of any flow during dry weather, you may
need to perform one of the additional tests described below.
Sewer Map
A review of a plant schematic is another simple way to determine if there are any interconnections
into the onsite storm water collection system. A sewer map or plant schematic is a map of pipes
and drainage systems used to carry process wastewater, non-contact cooling water, air conditioner
condensate, and sanitary wastes (bathrooms, sinks, etc.). A common problem, however, is that
sites often do not have accurate, up-to-date schematics. If you do have an accurate and reliable
plant schematic, you can simply examine the pathways of the different water circuits listed above.
Be sure also to investigate where the floor drains discharge. These are commonly connected to the
storm sewer system, especially in older buildings.
Dye Testing
Another method for detecting improper connections to the storm water collection system is dye
testing. A dye test can be performed by simply releasing a dye into either your sanitary or process
wastewater system and examining the discharge points from the storm water collection system for
discoloration. A detailed description of the equipment needed and proper procedures for a dye test
is included in Appendix F.
Non-Storm Water Discharges
As noted above, unless covered by an NPDES permit, non-storm water discharges are illegal.
Generally, non-storm water discharges are issued individual NPDES permits based on application
Form 2C (for process wastewater) or Form 2E (for nonprocess wastewater). However, EPA's
General Permit authorizes the following types of non-storm water discharges:
• Discharges from fire fighting activities
• Rre hydrant flushings
• Potable water sources including waterline flushings
• Irrigation drainage
September 1992 2-17
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
• Lawn watering
• Uncontaminated ground water
• Foundation or footing drains where flows are not contaminated with process materials
•. Discharges from springs
• Routine exterior building washdown which does not use detergents or other compounds
• Pavement wash waters where spills or leaks of toxic or hazardous materials have not
occurred and where detergents are not used
• Air conditioning condensate.
Be sure to examine your facility's storm water permit to determine whether it authorizes any of
these or other non-storm water discharges. If your permit does not authorize non-storm water
discharges occurring at your facility, you should contact your permitting authority or the Storm
Water Hotline for more information about how to address these discharges.
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
NcHi-Storrn Water Discharges
Part JV.D.3.g.i2K
Except for flows from fire fighting activities, sources of non-storm water that ar& authorized by
this permit must be Identified in the ptan. The plan shall identify and ensure the implementation
of appropriate pollution prevention measures for the non-storm water component of the
discharge, ,,',,,,,
Generally, except for flows from fire fighting activities, all non-storm water connections that are
identified and that are authorized by your storm water discharge permit should be identified in the
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. Where necessary to minimize pollutants in these
discharges, pollution prevention measures should be adopted and implemented. The pollution
potential, from these sources can be significantly reduced where a conscious effort is taken to
control them.
2-18 September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
2.2.5 Storm Water Monitoring Data
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
•, ^Sampling Data
Part lV.D.2.d;
Include a summary of any existing discharge sampling data describing pollutants in storm water
discharges from the facility and: a summary lof sampling: data collectecf during the term of this
permit, , ' , *' „; "/„ ' - """ - >'
Storm water sampling data provide information that describes the quality of storm water
discharges. These data are valuable because they indicate the potential environmental risk of the
discharge by identifying the types and amounts of pollutants present. In addition, these data can
be used to identify potential sources of storm water pollution.
During the site assessment phase, permittees should collect and summarize any storm water
sampling data that were collected in the past. Historical storm water monitoring data may be very
useful in locating areas which have previously contributed pollutants to storm water discharges and
identifying what the problem pollutants are. Jn your summary of these data, describe the sample
collection procedures used. Be sure to cross-reference the particular storm water outfall sampled
to one of the outfalls designated on your site map.
Although some permittees may not have to conduct storm water sampling under, the permit that is
issued to that facility, incorporation of these data into the'Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan as
it is collected will provide a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the plan. Under EPA's General
Permit, certain classes of facilities are required to conduct storm water sampling either annually or
semiannually throughout the term of the permit. Appendix J contains a table summarizing these
sampling requirements, including the parameters for which analysis is required and the sampling
frequency. State-issued storm water general permits may include similar provisions. Generally,
where sampling is required, facilities must collect and analyze grab and composite samples in
accordance with the protocol established in 40 CFR Part 136. EPA has published a guidance
manual addressing storm water sampling requirements and procedures for NPDES storm water
discharge permit applications. Although directed toward application requirements, the guidance
manual contains information that would be of assistance to facilities required to sample under a
storm water general permit. To obtain a copy of the manual, call the Storm Water Hotline at
(703) 821-4823.
September 1992 2-19
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
2.2.6 Assessment Summary
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Risk Identification and Summary of Potential Pollutant Sources
Part fV.D.2.e.
Include in your plan a narrative description of the potential pollutant sources and identify any
pollutant of concern that may be generated by the following activities at your facility:
» Loading and unloading operations - . '
• Outdoor storage activities , ..
.. "" i
• Outdoor manufacturing or processing activities
• Significant dust or paniculate generating activities
• Onsite waste disposal practices.
Once you have completed the above steps in your pollutant source assessment, you should have
enough information to determine which areas, activities or materials may contribute pollutants to
storm water runoff from your site. With this information, you can select the most appropriate
BMPs to prevent or control pollutants from these areas.
The following paragraph is an example of how you can analyze .the information you have gathered
and start to figure out what you can do to correct these problems:
In a particular drainage area, you have a vehicle maintenance facility area where oil
filters are stored outdoors. You found that no material management practices were
currently being used to protect the used filters from contact with storm water. You .
would then suspect that the storm water draining from that area would most likely
contain a significant amount of off and grease. Therefore, you have concluded that
you need to do something to reduce the possibility of oil and grease mixing with
storm water. . .
EPA's General Permit requires this type of narrative description summarizing any potential source of
storm water pollutants, and what types of pollutants have already been or may be found in storm
water runoff from the site.
Worksheet #7 (located at the end of Chapter 2) will help you organize the pollutant sources that
you identified during the site assessment phase, relate them to management practices that you
already have in place, and list potential new BMP options to address remaining pollutant sources.
2-20 September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Z.t PiAJttZXG AND ORGANIZATION'
f
22 ASSESSKE-KrPHASE.
23 BMP IDENTIFICATION PHASE
• Baseline BMPs
• Select activity- and site-specific
BMPs(Ch.3andCh.4)
tA
f
2.3 BMP IDENTIFICATION PHASE
Once you have identified and assessed potential
and existing sources of contamination to storm
water at your facility, the next step is to select
the proper measures or BMPs that will eliminate or
reduce pollutant loadings in storm water
discharges from your facility she. Specifically,
your plan design will include the following BMPs:
• Good housekeeping
• Preventive maintenance
• Visual inspections -
• Spill prevention and response
• Sediment and erosion control
\
• Management of runoff
• Employee training
• Recordkeeping and reporting
• Other BMPs as appropriate
BMPs are measures used to prevent or mitigate pollution from any type of activity. BMPs are a
very broad class of measures and may include processes, procedures, schedules of activities,
prohibitions on practices, and other management practices to prevent or reduce water pollution. In
essence, they are anything a plant manager, department foreman, environmental specialist,
consultant or employee may identify as a method, short of actual treatment, to curb water
pollution. They may be inexpensive or costly. BMPs can be just about anything that "does the
job" of preventing toxic or hazardous substances from entering the environment.
The purpose of this section is to describe the "baseline" BMPs that you must include in your
facility's storm water pollution prevention program and offer some guidelines about how to select
more "advanced" BMPs that are tailored to the specific pollutant sources on your particular site.
With this information, you should be able to design a storm water management program that best
addresses any problems with runoff from your facility's site.
September 1992
2-21
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
2.3.1 Baseline Best Management Practices
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Measures and Controls ' /
Part IVxD.3.
Each facility covered by this permit shall develop a description of storm water management
controls appropriate for the facility and implement such controls. The appropriateness and
priorities of controls in a plan shall reflect identified potential sources of pollutants at the facility.
The description of storm water management controls shall address the following minimum
components, including a schedule for implementing such controls:
• Good Housekeeping - ,
* Preventive Maintenance , , "
• Visual Inspections ,
* Spill Prevention and Response , s
» Sediment and Erosion Control
1 " * Management of Runoff , - ,
• Employee Training teee Section 2.4.2)
•*"'•;.•'''
« Recordkeeping and Reporting {see Section 2.5,2) ' .
"Baseline" BMPs are practices that are inexpensive, relatively simple, and applicable to a wide '
variety of industries and activities. Most industrial facilities already have these measures in place
for product loss prevention, accident and fire prevention, worker health and safety, or to comply
with other environmental regulations. The purpose of this section is to highlight how these
common practices can be improved and tailored to prevent storm water pollution. EPA's Storm
Water Program is emphasizing these generic measures because they can be effective, are cost-
effective, and because they emphasize prevention over treatment.
Industrial facilities must implement, at a minimum, the above-listed eight baseline BMPs, where
appropriate. How each of these BMPs can prevent storm water pollution is described in detail
below.
.Worksheet #7a (located at the end of Chapter 2) is designed to help you list the specific activities
or practices that you select to include in your plan for each of the baseline BMPs.
2-22 September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Good housekeeping
water discharges In
Good Housekeeping
, EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
""--''^ >, 'Good" Housekeeping
requires the ma ntenance of areas which may contribute pollutants to storm
a clean, orderly manner, ' ,/ "' " ' r
Good housekeeping practices are designed to maintain a clean and orderly work environment.
Often the most effective first step towards preventing pollution in storm water from industrial sites
simply involves using good common sense to improve the facility's basic housekeeping methods.
Poor housekeeping can result in more waste being generated than necessary and an increased
potential for storm water contamination. A clean .and orderly work area reduces the possibility of
accidental spills caused by mishandling of chemicals and equipment and should reduce safety
hazards to plant personnel. Well maintained material and chemical storage areas will reduce the
possibility of storm water mixing with pollutants.
There are some simple procedures a facility can use to promote good housekeeping, including
improved operation and maintenance of industrial machinery and processes, material storage
practices, material inventory controls, routine and regular clean-up schedules, maintaining well
organized work areas, and educational programs for employees about all of these practices. The
following sections describe these good housekeeping procedures and provide a checklist that you
can use to evaluate and improve your facility's storm water pollution prevention program.
Operation and Maintenance
These practices ensure that processes and equipment are working well. Improved operation and
maintenance practices are easy to implement. Here are a few examples of basic operation and
maintenance BMPs that should be incorporated in your good housekeeping program:
• Maintain dry and clean floors and ground surfaces by using brooms, shovels, vacuum
cleaners, or cleaning machines
• Regularly pickup and dispose of garbage and waste material
• Make sure equipment is working properly (see Section 2.3.4 on preventive maintenance)
• Routinely inspect for leaks or conditions that could lead to discharges of chemicals or contact
of storm* water with raw materials, intermediate materials, waste materials, or products (see
Visual Inspection BMP below)
• Ensure that spill cleanup procedures are understood by employees (see Spill Prevention and
Response BMP below).
Material Storage Practices
Improper storage can result in the release of materials and chemicals that can cause storm water
runoff pollution. Proper storage techniques include:
September 1992 2-23
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
• Providing adequate aisle space to facilitate material transfer and easy access for inspections
• Storing containers, drums, and bags away from direct traffic routes to prevent accidental
spills (see Spill Prevention and Response BMP below)
• Stacking containers according to manufacturers'instructions to avoid damaging the
containers from improper weight distribution
• Storing containers on pallets or similar devices to prevent corrosion of the containers which
can result when containers come in contact with moisture on the ground
• Assigning the responsibility of hazardous material inventory to a limited number of people
who are trained to handle hazardous materials.
Material Inventory Procedures
Keeping an up-to-date inventory of all materials (hazardous and non-hazardous) present on your site
will help to keep material costs down caused by overstocking, track how materials are stored and
handled onsite, and identify whjch materials and activities pose the most risk to the environment.
The following instructions explain the basic steps to completing a material inventory. Worksheets
#3 and 3A provide an example of the types of information you should collect while conducting the
inventory. ,
• Identify all chemical substances present in the workplace. Walk through the facility and
review the purchase orders for the previous year. List all of the chemical substances used in
the workplace, and then obtain the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for each.
• Label all containers to show the name and type of substance, stock number, expiration date,
health hazards, suggestions for handling, and first aid information. This information can
usually be found on the MSDS. Unlabeled chemicals and chemicals with deteriorated labels
are often disposed of unnecessarily or improperly.
• Clearly mark on the inventory hazardous materials that require special handling, storage, use,
and disposal considerations. .
Improved material tracking and inventory practices, such as instituting a shelf-life program, can
reduce the waste that results from overstocking and the disposal of out-dated materials. Careful
tracking of all materials ordered may also result in more efficient materials use.
Decisions on the amount of hazardous materials the facility stores should include an evaluation of
your emergency control systems. Ensure that storage areas are designed to contain spills.
Employee Participation
Frequent and proper training of employees in good housekeeping techniques reduces the possibility
that the chemicals or equipment will be mishandled. Motivating employees to reduce waste
generation is another important pollution prevention technique. Section 2.4.2 provides more
information on employee training programs. Here are some suggestions for involving employees in
good housekeeping practices:
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Han
• Incorporate information sessions on good housekeeping practices into the facility's employee
training program
• Discuss good housekeeping at employee meetings
• Publicize pollution prevention concepts through posters
• Post bulletin boards with updated good housekeeping procedures, tips and reminders.
Good Housekeeping Checklist
D Is good housekeeping included In the storm water pollution prevention program?
O Are outside areas kept in a neat and orderly condition?
D Is there evidence of drips or leaks from equipment or machinery onsile?
D Is the facility orderly arid neat? Is there adequate space in work areas?
__ • ',''''••,'?''' ' '' .! "
LI Is garbage removed regularly? s , .."<•.", , /
D Are walkways and passageways easily accessible, safe, and free of protruding objects,
materials or equipment? ' " / ' "'",,,,,
.. . "' 5 ;,,,,-. ' <•-'•*',{', ",''','
D Is there evidence of dust on the ground from industrial operations or processes?
D Are cleanup procedures usecf fo> spijfed solids? „"--*- "''',,'",
D fs good housekeeping included in the employee program?
"'/*-.> , :* ' -^"V •> :f,, ,','''' _ '• * ' "
O Are good housekeeping: procedures arid "reminders posted in appropriate locations around the
workplace? - ' v."*;^'' -',"
" f t S S •*; J •* SA •"• f
" ' , -: *" f-."~ ' ., •' '• £ •"> ^ j.
D Are there regular housekeeping inspections?
September 1992 2-25
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Preventive Maintenance
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Preventive Maintenance
Your preventive maintenance program must include;
''•*'.• , -.,, , '•••""
* Timely inspection and: maintenance of storm water management devices {e.g., cleaning oil/
water separators, catch basins}
i ''
, * Inspection and testing of facility equipment and systems to uncover conditions that could
cause breakdowns or failures resulting in discharges of pollutants to surface Waters '
» Proper maintenance of facility equipment and systems.
Most plants already have preventive maintenance programs that provide some degree of,
environmental protection. The program you undertake as part of the Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan should not just duplicate previous efforts, but should expand the current preventive
maintenance programs to include storm water considerations, especially the upkeep and
maintenance of storm water management devices. The pollution prevention team should evaluate
the existing plant preventive maintenance program and recommend any necessary changes.
Preventive maintenance involves the regular inspection and testing of plant equipment and
operational systems (see Visual Inspections description below). These inspections should uncover
conditions such as cracks or slow leaks which could cause breakdowns or failures that result in
discharges of chemicals to storm sewers and surface waters. The program should prevent
breakdowns and failures by adjustment, repair or replacement of equipment. An effective
preventive maintenance program should therefore include the following elements:
• Identification of equipment, systems, and facility areas that should be inspected
• Schedule for periodic inspections or tests of these equipment and systems
• Appropriate and timely adjustment, repair or replacement of equipment and systems
• Maintenance of complete records on inspections, equipment, and systems.
identification of Equipment to Inspect
The first step is to identify which systems or equipment may malfunction and cause spills, leaks, or
other situations that could lead to storm water runoff contamination. Look back at what sources
of potential storm water contamination were identified during the pollutant source assessment
phase. The following list identifies some types of equipment to include in your preventive
maintenance inspection and testing program:
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
, Equipment to Inspect
Pumps t _J;; „ , "
Storage tanks and bins
^ s V i ' "* " * ,
,.« -> ,, ,
"pressure'vessels,
s Pressure release valves s „/,.,,
Process and: material handling equipment
Storm' water management devices (oil/
water separators, catch basins, or other
structural or treatment BMPsK, , '< -
Schedule Routine Preventive Maintenance Inspections
Once you have identified which equipment and areas to inspect at your facility, set schedules for
routine inspections. Include examination for leaks, corrosion, support or foundation failure, or other
forms of deterioration or leaks in your inspection. Look for spots or puddles of chemicals and
document any detection of smoke, fumes, or other signs of leaks. Periodic testing of plant
equipment for structural soundness is a key element of preventive maintenance. This can be done
by making sure storage tanks are solid and strong enough to hold materials. Another important
consideration is when and how often preventive maintenance inspections should be conducted to
ensure that this practice is effective. Smaller facilities with little equipment and few systems may
still find it necessary to conduct frequent inspections if the equipment is older and more susceptible
to leaks or other discharges. Preventive maintenance inspections may be conducted as part of
your regular visual inspections.
Equipment Repair or Replacement
Promptly repair or replace defective equipment'found during inspections and testings. Keeping
spare parts for equipment that needs frequent repair is another simple practice that can help avoid
problems and equipment down-time.
Records on Preventive Maintenance
Include a suitable records system for scheduling tests and documenting inspections in the
preventive maintenance program. Record test results and follow up with corrective action. Make
sure records are complete and detailed. These records should be kept with other visual inspection
records.
EPCRA, Section 313 Facility Preventive Maintenance Inspection Requirements
EPA's General Permit contains additional preventive maintenance inspection requirements for
facilities subject to reporting under EPCRA, Section 313 for water priority chemicals
[Part IV.D.7.b.(7).]. For these facilities, all areas of the facility must be inspected for the following
at appropriate intervals as specified in the plan:
September 1992
2-27
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
9 Leaks or conditions that would lead to discharges of Section 313 water priority chemicals
» Conditions that could lead to direct contact of storm water with raw materials, intermediate
materials, waste materials or products
• Examine piping, pumps, storage tanks and bins, pressure vessels, process and material
handling equipment, and material bulk storage areas for leaks, wind blowing, corrosion,
support or foundation failure, or other deterioration or noncontainment.
These inspections must occur at intervals based on facility design and operational experience, and
the timing must be specified in the plan.
When a leak or other threatening condition is found, corrective action must be taken immediately or
the facility unit or process must be shut down until the problem is repaired.
2-28 September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Visual inspections
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
' ' s - .Visual Inspections
'' V ,-Y ParUV.D.3. '
"••* v •. f f f * .•
* Identify .qualified plant personnel who will inspect plant equipment and areas at appropriate
intervals in the plan ,,',"< ' , ,- ' -
•* -i * / **
-, '• tt->fjfff&t
• Track results of inspections to ensure that appropriate actions are taken , ,
"•<,':-' , ,
• Maintain records of alt .inspections^
Preventing pollution of storm water runoff from your facility requires good housekeeping in areas
where materials are handled, stored, or transferred and preventive maintenance of process
equipment and systems. Such practices are described in detail above and should be outlined in
your Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. Regular visual inspections are your means to ensure
that all of the elements of the plan are in place and working properly.
i .
Routine visual inspections are not meant to be a comprehensive evaluation of the entire storm
water pollution prevention program—that is the function of the Annual Site Inspection and Site
Evaluation described in Section 2.5.1 below. Rather, they are meant to be a routine look-over of
the facility to identify conditions which may give rise to contamination of storm water runoff with
pollutants from your facility.
Every facility is different,, so it is up to the facility owner/operator to determine what areas of your
facility could potentially contribute pollutants to storm water runoff, and to devise and implement a
visual inspection program based on this information. The visual inspection is simply a way to
confirm that the measures chosen are in place and working and should periodically take place
during storm events. The frequency of visual inspection should be determined by the types and
amounts of materials handled at the facility, existing BMPs at the facility, and any other factors
that may be relevant, such as the age of the facility (in general, older facilities should be inspected
at more frequent intervals than new facilities). The following lists identify some types of
equipment and plant areas to include in your Visual Inspections and preventive maintenance plan:
Areas to Inspect
• Areas around all of equipment listed in Preventive Maintenance box
• Areas where splits and leaks have occurred in the past
-'; - , ' - - ,.„, v/x " - »
• Material storage areas {tank farms, drum storage)
^ •."" j * , .- .- f •- -A ;?
* *: ., •• •"• f :*
• Outdoor material processing areas, " - - - "/ ' ' ,
• Material handling areas (e.g., loading, unloading, transfer)
': " >••'•• -- -•• -'*>•*<'"' /*'* ~"i "'•'"•' ''''
• Waste generation, storage, treatment and disposal areas:.
September 1992 2-29
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Implementation of a Visual Inspection Plan
The best plan is a simple one, and this includes the visual inspection plan - there is no reason for it
to be highly technical, complicated or labor-intensive. If your facility already has a routine
surveillance program in place, consider expanding it to include the visual inspection element of your
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. For example, if your facility has a security surveillance
program, you might consider training facility security personnel to perform the visual inspection
program. If your facility has no routine surveillance or inspection program already in place, then a
plan must be developed and people must be assigned the responsibility for carrying the inspections
out. It is important to remember that the employees carrying out the visual inspection program
should be properly trained, familiar with the storm water pollution prevention program, and
knowledgeable about proper recordkeeping and reporting procedures.
Records of Inspections .
The most important thing for you to remember here is to document all inspections. Inspection
records should note when inspections were done, who conducted the inspection, what areas were
inspected, what problems were found, and steps taken to correct any problems, including who has
been notified. Many industrial facilities will already have some sort of incident reporting procedure
in place — existing incident reporting and security surveillance procedures could easily be
incorporated into the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. These records should be kept with
the plan. EPA's General Permit requires that records .be kept until at least one year after coverage
under the permit expires.
Visual Inspection Checklist
Do you see: "„,,,, -
f f \
D Corroded drums or drums without plugs or covers
Q Corroded or damaged tanks, tank supports, and tank dram valves
D Torn bags or bags exposed to rain water
Q Corroded ,or leaking pipes
O Leaking or Improperly closed valves and valve fittings
Q Leaking pumps and/or hose connections
D Broken or cracked dikes, walls or other physical barriers designed to prevent storm water
from reaching stored materials
D Windblown dry chemicals
-. ^ -. .,
O Improperly-maintained or overloaded dry chemical conveying systems.
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
/Spill Prevention and Response
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
"- - , - Spfif Prevention and Response
:\" ' ] " Part tV.D.3.c. , ' '
• Identify areas where spills can occur onstte and their drainage points
• Specify material handling procedures, storage requirements, and use of equipment such as
diversion valves, where appropriate "'' "',",","",,,"'"'
* Identify procedures used for cleaning up spills and inform personnel about these
procedures " "„ " - "' , f , ,„
* Provide the appropriate spill clean-up equipment to personnel. T'""
Spills and leaks together are one of the largest industrial sources of storm water pollutants, and in
most cases are avoidable. Establishing standard operating procedures such as safety and spill
prevention procedures along with proper employee training can reduce these accidental releases.
Avoiding spills and leaks is preferable to cleaning them up after they occur, not only from an
environmental standpoint, but also because spills cause increased operating costs and lower
productivity.
Development of spill prevention and response procedures is a very important element of an
effective Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. A spill prevention and response plan may have
already been developed in response to other environmental regulatory requirements. If your facility
already has a spill prevention and response plan, it should be evaluated and revised if necessary to
address the objectives of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan.
The next section outlines the steps you should take to identify and characterize potential spills, to
eliminate or reduce spill potential, and how to respond when spills occur.
Identify Potential Spill Areas
As part of the Assessment Phase of developing the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan, you
should have created a list or inventory of materials handled, used, and disposed of. A site map
indicating the drainage area of each storm water outfall was also created. Now overlay the
drainage area map with the locations of areas and activities with high material spill potential to
determine where spills will most likely occur. Spill potential also depends on how materials are
handled, the types and volumes of materials handled, and how materials are stored on your site.
You must describe these factors in your plan.
The activities and areas where spills are likely to occur on your site are listed and described below:
• Loading and unloading areas
• Storage areas
• Process activities
September 1992
2-31
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
• Dust or paniculate generating processes
• Waste disposal activities.
Loading and unloading areas have a high spill potential because the nature of the activity involves
transfer of materials from one container to another. The spill potential is affected by the integrity
of the container, the form of the chemical being transferred, the design of the transfer area
(bermed vs. direct connection to the storm water collection system), the proximity of this area to
the storage area, and procedures for loading and unloading. .Evaluate the spill potential from all
loading and unloading equipment, such as barges, railroad cars, tank trucks, and front end loaders,
as well as storage and vehicle wash areas.
Storage areas, both indoor and outdoor, are potential spill areas. Outdoor storage areas are
exposed to storm water runoff and may provide direct contact between potential pollutants and
storm water. Indoor storage areas may contaminate storm water if the drains in the storage area
are connected to the storm sewer or if improper clean up procedures in the event of a spill are
used. This evaluation should consider the type, age, and condition of storage containers and
structures (including tanks, drums, bags, bottles). An evaluation of the spill potential of storage
areas should also focus on how employees handle materials.
All process areas are potential sources of storm water contamination if the floor drains in these
areas are connected to storm sewers (see Section 2.2.4). If these drains cannot be sealed, the
process area should be evaluated for the adequacy of spill control structures such as secondary
containment, if necessary. One should also consider normal housekeeping procedures. Some
process areas are hosed down periodically and the resulting wash water contains pollutants.
Outdoor process activities may contaminate storm water if spills are diverted to the storm sewer.
Also, evaluate spill potential from the following stationary facilities:
• Manufacturing areas
• Warehouses ,
• Chemical processing and or blending areas
• Temporary and permanent storage sites
• Power generating facilities
• Food processing areas I -
• Tank farms
' ' • '-
• Service stations
• Parking lots
• Access roads.
Also evaluate the possibility of storm water contamination from underground sources, such as
tanks and pipes. Leaking underground storage tanks are often a source of storm water
contamination.
In addition to identifying these and other potential spill areas, projecting possible spill volume and
type of material is critical to developing the correct response procedures for a particular area.
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Specify Material Handling Procedures and Storage Requirements
Through the process of developing various spill scenarios, ideas for eliminating or minimizing the
spill or its impact will emerge. These solutions should be prioritized and adopted according to
conditions of effectiveness, cost, feasibility, and ease of implementation. Following is a list of
some suggested activities or alterations that may be made to reduce the potential that spills will
occur or impact storm water quality:
• Develop ways to recycle, reclaim and/or reuse process materials to reduce the volume
brought into the facility
• Install leak detection devices, overflow controls, and diversion berms
• Disconnect drains from processing areas that lead to the storm sewer (however, be sure that
any such action would not create a health hazard within your facility) -
• Adopt effective housekeeping practices
• Adopt a materials flow/plant layout plan (i.e., do not store bags that are easily punctured
near high-traffic areas where they may be hit by moving equipment or personnel)
• Perform regular visual inspections to identify signs of wear on tanks, drums, containers,
storage shelves, and berms and to identify sloppy housekeeping or other clues that could lead
to potential spills
* Perform preventive maintenance on storage tanks, valves, pumps, pipes, and other
equipment
• Use filling procedures for tanks and other equipment that minimize spills
• Use material transfer procedures that reduce the chance of leaks or spills
• Substitute less or non-toxic materials for toxic materials
• Ensure appropriate security.
Identify Spill Response Procedures and Equipment
In the event that spill prevention measures fail, a swiftly executed response may prevent
contamination of storm water. Spill response plans are required by numerous programs for various
reasons. However, this may be the first time that a spill response plan specifically addresses
protection of storm water quality.
Past experience has shown that the single most important obstacle to an effective spill response
plan is its implementation. Develop the plan with its ease of implementation in rnind. The spill
response procedures should be clear, concise, step-by-step instructions for responding to the spill
events at a particular facility. Organize the plan to facilitate rapid identification of the appropriate
set of procedures. For example, you may find that the plan works best for your facility when
organized by spill location. Another possible method of organization is by spilled material. The key
component to implementation is the ability of employees to use the plan quickly and effectively.
The specific approach you take will depend on the specific conditions at your facility such as size,
number of employees and the spill potential of the site.
The spill response plan is developed based on the spill potential scenarios identified. It reflects a
consideration of the potential magnitude and frequency of spills, of the types of materials spilled,
September 1992 2-33
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
and of the variety of potential spill locations. Specific procedures may be needed to correspond to
particular chemicals onsite. At all times during the operation of a facility, personnel with
appropriate training and authority should be available to respond to spills.
The spill response plan should describe:
• Identification of spill response "team" responsible for implementing the spill response plan.
• Safety measures.
• Procedures to notify appropriate authorities providing assistance [police, fire, hospital,
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW), etc.].
• Spill containment, diversion, isolation, cleanup.
* Spill response equipment including:
- Safety equipment such as respirators, eye guards, protective clothing, fire extinguisher,
and two-way radios.
- Cleanup equipment such as booms, barriers, sweeps, adsorbents, containers, etc.
Following any spills, evaluate how the prevention plan was successful or unsuccessful in
responding and how it can be improved.
EPCRA, Section 313, Facility Spill Prevention and Response Requirements
EPA's General Permit sets forth more specific requirements for facilities subject to reporting under
EPCRA, Section 313 for water priority chemicals [Part IV.D.7.b.(7).]. When a leak or spill of a
Section 313 water priority chemical has occurred, the contaminated soil, material, or debris must
be removed promptly and disposed of in accordance with Federal, State, and local requirements
and as described in the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan.
These facilities are also required to designate a person responsible for spill prevention, response,
and reporting procedures (see Section 2.1.1, Pollution Prevention Team).
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Identify areas which,
significant soil erosio
used to limit erosion.
Sediment and Erosion Control .,.
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Sediment and Erosion Control " "' f
Part iV.D.a.h* _ ',,-,!;- - -
V ',,,/, ' f f ,V v, ' * f !*t <
due to topography, activities, or other factors, have a high potential for
n, and identify structural, vegetative, and/or stabilization measures to be
"* •. -, * A **"* s * ' J
There may be certain areas on your site which, due to construction activities/ steep slopes, sandy
soils, or other reasons, are prone to soil erosion. Construction activities typically remove grass and
other protective ground covers resulting in the exposure of underlying soil to wind and rain.
Similarly, steep slopes or sandy soils may not be able to hold plant life so that soils are exposed.
Because the soil surface is unprotected, dirt and sand particles are easily picked up by wind and/or
washed away by rain. This process is called erosion. Erosion can be controlled or prevented with
the use of certain BMPs. A number of these measures are described in Chapter 4.
Management of Runoff
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
"" " - :; Management of Runoff
,- - /r|, ; ,s> „» *., < ,,- , .-"f
\"";,,, Part IV.D.3.1. ffr _ fV ~ f - - -*,-,.-
The plan shall contain a, narrative consideration of the appropriateness of traditional storm water
management practices {practices other than those which control the source of pollutants} used
to divert, infiltrate, reuse, or otherwise manage storm water runoff in a manner that reduces
pollutants in storm water discharges from the site. The plan shall provide that measures
determined to be reasonable, and appropriate- shall be implemented and maintained. The ',
potential of various sources at the facility to contribute pollutants to storm water discharges
associated with industrial .activity fsee Part IV.D,2, (description of potential pollutant sources) of
this permit] shall be considered when determining reasonable and appropriate measures.
Appropriate measures may include: vegetative swales and practices, reuse of collected storm
water (such as for a process or as an irrigation source}, inlet controls [such as oil/water
separators), snow management activities, infiltration devices, and wet detention/retention
devices. - ' ; ..,,,-_,'' "'" -"'" " "" '- ' "--
Many BMPs discussed in this chapter are measures to reduce pollutants at the source before they
have an opportunity to contaminate storm water runoff. Traditional storm water management
practices also can be used to direct storm water away from areas of exposed materials or potential
pollutants. Further, traditional storm water management practices can be used to direct storm
water that contains pollutants to natural or other types of treatment locations. For example, using
an oil/water separator on storm water that has oil and grease in it will take out some of the oil and
grease before the storm water leaves the site. Permits will generally not require specific storm
Water management practices since these practices must be selected on a case-by-case basis
depending on the activities at your site and the amount of space you have available.
September 1992 2-35
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Chapter 4 provides descriptions of several traditional storm water management practices.
Additional sources of information are listed in Appendix A.
2.3.2 Advanced Best Management Practices
In addition to those BMPs that should be routinely incorporated into your storm water prevention
pollution plan, you may need to implement some "advanced" BMPs that are specifically directed to
address particular pollutant sources or activities on your site. As discussed in Chapters 3 and 4,
these BMPs must be tailored to address specific problems. '
In determining which BMPs represent the Best Available Technology Economically Achievable
{BAT), the following factors are considered: (1) the age of equipment and facilities involved; (2)
the. process employed; (3) the engineering aspects of the application of various types of control
techniques; (4) process changes; (5) the cost of achieving effluent reduction; and (6) non-water
quality environmental impact (including energy requirements).
BMP Cost and Effectiveness
The costs of implementing the BMPs described in this manual vary depending upon many factors
and site-specific conditions.. In general, the required baseline BMPs are relatively low in cost when
compared with more traditional storm water treatment or highly engineered controls. Costs also
vary depending upon the size of the facility, the number of employees, the types of chemicals or
raw materials stored or used, and the nature of plant operations. However, because many of the
baseline practices are widely accepted and considered "common sense" or standard good operating
practices, many facilities have them in place.
Because BMP effectiveness is also site-specific, this manual does hot attempt to provide specific
guidance on this matter.
Reduce. Reuse, Recycle
As described in Chapter 1, EPA encourages industrial facilities to choose practices that prevent the
contamination of storm water rather than treat it once it is polluted. Use of the Storm Water
Management, Hierarchy (see Table 2.1) as a tool to help select BMPs for your program will help you
discover how to prevent pollution and avoid its associated costs and liabilities while meeting the
environmental goals of EPA's Storm Water Program.
When selecting a BMP for your storm water management program, EPA recommends that you
choose practices that eliminate or reduce the amount of pollutants generated on your site. This
practice is referred to as "source reduction." When it is impossible, select options that recycle or
reuse the storm water in your industrial processes, or those that reduce the heed to store and
expose more hazardous materials to storm water by recycling or recovering used materials.
Treating storm water to remove pollutants before they leave the site is the next best option,
although this often just transfers the problem from one place or medium to another. Table 2.1,
below, provides examples of BMPs that are representative of the different types of storm water
management.
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
TABLE 2.1 CLASSIFICATION OF STORM WATER BMPs
Storm Water Management Hierarchy
Source Reduction
Containment/Diversion
Recycling
Treatment
Example BMPs
• Preventive maintenance
• Spill prevention
• Chemical substitution
• Housekeeping
• Training
• Materials management practices
• Segregating the activity of concern
• Covering the activity
• Berming the activity
• Diverting flow to grassed area
• Dust control
• Recycling
• Oil/water separator
• Vegetated swale
• Storm water detention pond
2.3.3 Completing the BMP Identification Phase
When you started designing your pollution prevention plan, you assembled certain crucial pieces of
information:
• A list of actual and potential storm water discharge problems
• The location of each outfall on a site map showing the drainage route from your property
• A list of the management plans and practices that are already in place at your facility
• Information contained in this manual on "baseline" BMPs and "advanced" BMPs for resolving
storm water problems.'
At the completion of the BMP identification phase, you should have accomplished the following:
• Reviewed your current management plans and practices to assess their effectiveness in
addressing storm water discharges on your site.
• Scheduled the implementation of "baseline" BMPs and whatever "advanced" BMPs were
necessary to effectively eliminate storm water pollution problems at your site.
• Determined what to do about any identified, unpermitted connections of non-storm water
discharges to separate storm sewers. Your options were to:
- Discontinue any connections of non-storm water discharges to a separate storm sewer
system
- Obtain an NPDES permit for the non-storm water discharge.
September 1992
2-37
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Identified options for addressing any unresolved storm water discharge problems.
Gained management approval and acceptance of the plan. ,
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
2.-I PLANTS AND CS5ANt«i?:ON
ASSESSMENT PHASE
2.3
2.4 IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
• Implement BMPs
• Tcain employees,
2JS
2.4 IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
At this point, you have designed your Storm
Water Pollution Prevention Plan and the plan has
been approved by facility management. This next
section of the manual will guide you through the
next major phase in the planning
process—implementation. Specifically, you will:
• Implement the selected storm water BMPs
• Train all employees to carry out the goals of
the plan.
2.4.1 Implement Appropriate Controls
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
N , Implementation ,, - -
PartiVJX' '' ' '•'-*' " , , ,
Facilities must implement the provisions of the'storru water pollution prevention plan as 3
condition of EPA's general permit. The plan shall include a schedule for implementing identified
storm water management controls. , - -'''"•-"?"'.','" " „ -, :,", , - -
Implementing your plan will involve several steps:
• Develop a schedule for implementation. For example, your schedule might include a deadline
for putting improved housekeeping measures into practice. Should implementation involve
certain types of modifications to your site (e.g., any construction), you will need to account
for the time required to secure any necessary local or State permits.
• Assign specific individuals with responsibility for implementing aspects of the plan and/or
monitoring implementation.
• Ensure that management approves of your implementation schedule and strategy and
schedule regular times for reporting progress to management.
Worksheet #8 (located at the end of Chapter 2) will help you list the schedule for implementation
of your facility's plan.
September 1992
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Chapter .2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
2.4.2 Employee Training
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Employee Training
- > Part IV.D,3.e>
training programs must inform personnel at ail levels of responsibility of the
components and goals of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Pfan. Training should address
each component of your pollution prevention plan, including how and why tasks are to be
Implemented. Topics will include:
* SpiK prevention and response
^— ., .-
• Good housekeeping
,, •.',-.•.,"•. t
• Material management practices.
The pollution prevention plan must specify how often training is conducted.
Employee training is essential to effective implementation of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Plan. The purpose of a training program is to teach personnel at all levels of responsibility the
components and goals of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. When properly trained,
personnel are more capable of preventing spills, responding safely-and effectively to an accident
when one occurs, and recognizing situations that could lead to storm water contamination.
The following sections include ideas about how to create an effective storm water pollution
prevention training program for your facility.
Worksheet #9 (located at the end of Chapter 2) is designed to help you organize your employee
training program.
Spill Prevention and Response •
Spill prevention and response procedures are described in detail in Section 2.3.1. Discuss these
procedures or plans in the training program in order to ensure all plant employees, not just those on
the spill response teams, are aware of what, to do if a spill occurs. Specifically, all employees
involved in the industrial activities of your facility should be trained about the following measures:
• Identifying potential spill areas and drainage routes, including information on past spills and
causes
• Reporting spills to appropriate individuals, without penalty (e.g., employees should be
provided "amnesty" when they report such instances)
• .Specifying material handling procedures and storage requirements
• Implementing spill response procedures.
Onsite contractors and temporary personnel should also be informed of the plant operations and
design features in order to help prevent accidental discharges or spills from occurring.
2-40 September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Good Housekeeping
Also, teach facility personnel how to maintain a clean and orderly work environment. Section
2.3.1 above outlines the steps for practicing good housekeeping. Emphasize these points in the
good housekeeping portion of your training program:
• Require regular vacuuming and/or sweeping
• Promptly clean up spilled materials to prevent polluted runoff
• Identify places where brooms, vacuums, sorbents, foams, neutralizing agents, and other good
housekeeping and spill response equipment are located
• Display signs reminding employees of the importance and procedures of good housekeeping
• Discuss updated procedures and report on the progress of practicing good housekeeping at
every meeting
• Provide instruction on securing drums and containers and frequently checking for leaks and
spills
* Outline a regular schedule for housekeeping activities to allow you to determine that the job
is being done.
Materials Management Practices
• Neatly organize materials for storage
• Identify all toxic and hazardous substances stored, handled, and produced onsite
• Discuss handling procedures for these materials.
Tools For a Successful Training Program
Here are some suggestions of training tools that you can include in your facility's training program:
• Employee handbooks
• Rims and slide presentations
• Drills
* Routine employee meetings
• Bulletin boards
• Suggestion boxes
• Newsletters
• Environmental excellence awards or other employee incentive programs.
September 1992
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Providing employees with incentives, such as awards for practicing pollution prevention, is a good
way to motivate personnel in working to achieve the goals of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Plan.
How Often to Conduct Training
You should examine your plan to determine how often you should train the employees at your
facility. Frequency should take into account the complexity of your management practices and the
nature of your staff, including staff turnover and changes in job assignments. Facilities are required
to specify a schedule for periodic training activities in their plan. In any case, you should regularly
evaluate the effectiveness of your training efforts. In many cases, this will simply involve speaking
with your employees to verify that information has been communicated effectively.
EPCRA, Section 313 Facility Requirements
EPA's General Permit contains additional training requirements for employees and contractor
personnel that work in areas where EPCRA, Section 313 water priority chemicals are used or
stored [Part IV.D.7.b.{9).3. These individuals must be trained in the following areas at least once
per year:
• Preventive measures, including spill prevention and response and preventive maintenance
• Pollution control laws and regulations
• The facility's Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
• Features and operations of the facility which are designed to minimize discharges of Section
313 water priority chemicals, particularly spill prevention procedures.
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
i t
2.2 ASSESSMENT PHASE
T
3.3
2JS EVALUATION MONITORING
• Annual site inspection/BMP evaluation
• Recordkeeping and reporting
• Review and revise plan
2.5 EVALUATION PHASE
Now that your Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Plan has been put to action, you must keep it up-
to-date by regularly evaluating the information you
collected in the Assessment Phase and the
controls you selected in the BMP Identification
Phase. Specifically, you will:
• Conduct site evaluations
• Keep records of all inspections and reports
• Revise the plan as needed.
2.5.1 Annual Site Compliance Evaluation
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
• * h.'V -. •£,. .J.'X' S •• . f •'A .- V .,
. Comprehensive Site Compliance Evaluation
f> *v^ ^f "-'" ":/?':,
Qualified personnel must conduct site compliance evaluations at appropriate intervals specified in
the plan at least once a year (at least once^ri three years for inactive mining sites). As part of
your compliance evaluations, you are required M; "• ' '
., ^Ns -f ff;-f ?, *• , ,* $ ^ j .••*' J j ^ ''*
•> V ••f'' \ ^ ^ ff\f ^f f j f ^ , v^/ .. / f * /
• Inspect storm water dra&iage areas for-evidence of pollutants errter|ng the drainage system
* Evaluate the effectiveness of measures to reduce pollutant loadings and whether additional
measures are needed ,"„ ""'""''' " -, '% v\ " ''.;''•>"- ^' ^ i --; ' '-; '
• Observe structural measures, sediment controls, and other storm water BMFs to ensure
proper operation "''"' *"" ! -'; , ^--^ ,* \- -— ,< <„/ - ? ' /
r r r ^ '''7"' "- "'" ' ' ' ,',,",-., ''^ <'•;'-,<*?{ ' ' ' ' " ,.
• Inspect any equipment needed to implement the plan, such as spill response equipment
^ VK x v'^*-1- "" '"'''' / /' < f'f^^f''fff > _ ' - "'"'
• Prepare a report summarizing Inspection results and follow up actions, the date of
inspection and personnel who conducted the inspection; identify any incidents of ,
noncompliance ox certify that the facility is in compliance with thepJan. -
• Ail incidents of noncompliance must'be documented in the inspection report. Where there
are no incidents of noncompliance., the inspection report must contain a certification that
the facility is in compliance with the plan, - ,
Sign the report in accordance with Election 2.6.2 and keep it with the plan,
September 1992
2-43
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Annual site compliance evaluations are comprehensive inspections performed by individuals
specifically designated in the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan as having responsibility for
conducting such inspections. These employees should be familiar with all facility industrial
operations and Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan goals and requirements. Furthermore,
inspectors should be able to make necessary management decisions or have direct access to
management.
. !f
This annual evaluation provides a basis for evaluating the overall effectiveness of your Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan. In particular, the annual site compliance evaluation will allow you to
verify that the description of potential pollutant sources contained in the plan is accurate, that the
plan drainage map is accurate or has been updated to reflect current conditions, and that controls
identified in the plan to reduce pollutants in storm water discharges are accurately identified, in
place and working. The annual site compliance evaluation will also identify where new controls are
needed so that you may implement them and incorporate them into the plan.
The scope of the annual site compliance evaluation will depend on various factors, including the
scope of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan and the size and nature of the activities
occurring at the facility. The process for conducting the evaluation should follow these steps:
• Review the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan and draw up a list of those items which
are part of material handling, storage, and transfer areas covered by the plan
« List all equipment and containment in these areas covered in the plan
• Review facility operations for the past year to determine if any more areas should be included
in the original plan, or if any existing areas were modified so as to require plan modification;
change plan as appropriate
• Conduct inspection to determine (1) if all storm water pollution prevention measures are
accurately identified in the plan, and (2) are in place and working properly
• Document findings
• Modify Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan as appropriate.
As each facility and Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan is unique, so the exact inspection
format will vary from facility to facility. All documentation regarding conditions necessitating
modification to the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan should be kept on file as part of the plan
until one year after coverage under the permit expires. ,
2.5.2 Recordkeeping and Internal Reporting
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Keeping Records
Part fV.D.S.f,
Incidents such as spills or other discharges, along with other information describing the quality
and quantity of storm water discharges must be included in the records, inspections and
maintenance activities: shall be documented and recorded in the plan. Records must be
maintained for one year after the permit expires.
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Keeping records of and reporting events that occur onsite is an effective way of tracking the
progress of pollution prevention efforts and waste minimization. Analyzing records of past spills,
for example, can provide useful information for developing improved BMPs to prevent future spills
of the same kind. Recordkeeping and internal reporting represent good operating practices because
they can increase the efficiency of the facility and effectiveness of BMPs.
Recordkeeping and Reporting Procedures for Spills, Leaks, and Other Discharges
A recordkeeping system set up for documenting spills, leaks, and other discharges, including
discharges of hazardous substances in reportable quantities (for a discussion of reportable
quantities, see Section 2.2.3 and Appendix H), could help your facility minimize incident
recurrence, correctly respond with appropriate cleanup activities, and comply with legal
requirements. The system for recordkeeping and reporting could also include any other information
that would enhance the effectiveness of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. You should
make a point of keeping track of reported incidents and following up on results of inspections and
reported spills, leaks, or other discharges.
Records should include the following, as appropriate:
• The date and time of the incident, weather conditions, duration, cause, environmental
problems, response procedures, parties notified, recommended revisions of the BMP program,
operating procedures, and/or equipment needed to prevent recurrence.
• Formal written reports. These are helpful in reviewing and evaluating the discharges and
making revisions to improve the BMP program. Document all reports you call in to the
National Response Center in the event of a reportable quantity discharge. For more
information on reporting spills or other discharges, refer to Section 2.2.3 and 40 CFR 117.3
and 40 CFR 302.4.
• A list of the procedures for notifying the appropriate plant personnel and the names and
telephone numbers of responsible employees. This enables more rapid reporting of and
response to spills and other incidents.
Recordkeeping and Reporting Procedures for Inspections and Maintenance Activities
Maintaining records for all inspections is an important element of any Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan. Documenting all inspections, whether routine or detailed, is a good preventive
maintenance technique, because analysis of inspection records allows for early detection of any
potential problems. Recordkeeping also helps to devise improvements in the BMP program after
inspection records have been analyzed. Recordkeeping and reporting for maintenance activities
should also be a part of the plan as another preventive maintenance measure. Keeping a log of aji
maintenance activities, such as the cleaning of oil and grit separators or catch basins, will enable
the facility to evaluate the effectiveness of the BMP program, equipment, and operation.
There are various simple techniques used to accurately document and report inspection results
including the following: .
• Reid notebooks
• Timed and dated photographs
September 1992 2-45
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
« Video tapes
» Drawings and maps.
Keeping Records Updated .
It is important to keep all records updated on:
• The correct name and address of facility
i
• The correct name and location of receiving waters
• The number and location of discharge points
• Principal products and production rates (where appropriate).
Records Retention
Records of spills, leaks, or other discharges, inspections, and maintenance activities must be
retained for at least one year after coverage under the permit expires.
2.5.3 Plan Revisions
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Keeping Plans: Current
» - ' \ ' - PartlV.C, ,
You must amend your plan whenever there tea change in design, construction, operation, or
maintenance, vfchich may impact t&e potential for pollutants to be discharged or if the Storm
Water Pollution Prevention Plan proves to be ineffective in controlling the discharge of
pollutants. Facilities are not required to submit a notice to the Director each time the pollution
prevention plan is modified unless the Director specifically requests changes to be made to the
plan. ' - -
For your Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan to be effective, you should ensure that your plan
complies with any permit conditions that apply to your facility and that you have accurately
represented facility features and operations. Should either of these conditions not be met by the
plan, you must make the necessary changes. Either the managers of facilities or the permitting
authority may recommend changes to the plan (see Section 2.6.4 for requirements).
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans are developed based on site-specific features. When there
are changes in design, construction, operation, or maintenance, and that change will have a
significant effect on the potential for discharging pollutants in storm water at a facility, your Storm
Water Pollution Prevention Plan should be modified to reflect the changes and new conditions. For
example, if your facility begins to use a new chemical in its production operations, proper handling
procedures for this chemical should be incorporated into the facility plan.
You may also decide to change the plan because it has proven to be ineffective in controlling storm
water contamination based on the results of routine visual inspections (see Section 2.3.1) or more
comprehensive site evaluations (see Section 2.5.1).
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
S,1 PI.ANNSNCS Aa»OR»AN»A«em
t
2.2 ASSESSMENT S*HAS£
4
2.3 B&SPIOENTIHCATiONPKASir
1
ZA sapuEi^jrATfcN PHASE
I '
2.5 i-VAU/AHCN MCNiTOfJiKG
-
| 2.? SPECSAL i
1 R£QUis5S!«ESTS i
2,6 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
• Deadlines
• Signature requirements
• Plan location and public access
• Required plan modification
2.6 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
This Section provides guidance on some of the
administrative requirements related to organizing
and developing your Storrn Water ' Pollution
Prevention Plan. This information should be
reviewed prior to beginning to develop your
facility's Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan.
These requirements include:
• Deadlines for plan development and
implementation
• Who must sign the. plan
• Where to keep the plan
• How to make changes to the plan that are
required by the Director.
2.6.1 Schedule for Plan Development and Implementation
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Schedule for Plan Development and Implementation
• . .: * ; / "% v Partl^A-
Type of Facility
Facilities with industrial activities
existing on or before
October 1,1992 - ^
Facilities commencing industrial , ,
activities after October 1 , 1992, but
on or before December 31 , -1992
Facilities commencing industrial
activities co or after , , '
January 1,1993
Oil and gas exploration, production,
processing or treatment operations
discharging a reportable quantity -
release in storm water after
October 1,1992 ' ' ":;,
Industrial facilities that are owned OF
operated by a municipality that are
rejected or denied from the group
application process %
• Deadline for Plan Completion
!' April 1, 1:993
; ; •"- : S, ',<, '
\ 60 days after
commencement of discharge
48 hours prior to
commencement of discharge
i {upon submitta! of NOI}
60 days, after release
365 days after date of
rejection or denial
Deadline for Plan
Compliance
October 1, 1993
60 days after
commencement of discharge
48 hours prior to
commencement of discharge
(upon sufamtttal of NOI}
60 days after release
545 days after date of
rejection or denial ,
v& % ,- «• ••/<••*<• v
Note: The Director may grant a written extension for plan preparation and compliance for new
dischargers (after October 1, 1992) upon showing of good cause. ' "-' - '""
September 1992
2-47
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Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
The deadlines to complete and comply with or implement your facility's Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan may depend on the type of permit under which your facility is covered. Be sure to
read your permit carefully so that you know what the deadlines are. Many NPDES-delegated
States may issue general permits for storm water that contain deadlines similar to the deadlines in
EPA's General Permits.
2.6.2 Required Signatures
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Signature Requirements
PartVJI.GJ,
Where your facility is subject to storm water permit requirements, all reports, certifications, of
information either submitted to the permitting authority or to the operator of a large or medium
municipal separate storm sewer system, or required to be maintained by the permittee onsite
should be signed as follows:
* For a corporation, the plan must be signed by a 'responsible corporate officer." A
responsible corporate officer may be any one of the following:
- A president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president of the corporation in charge of a
principal business function, or any other person who performs similar policy or decision-
making functions for the corporation
'',•:<', •- % 1
, - The manager of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities employing
more than 250 persons or having gross annual sales or expenditures exceeding -
$25,OOO,OOO (in second quarter t980 dollars) if authority to sign documents has been
assigned or delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedure,
- * For a partnership or sole proprietorship, the plan must be signed Jjy a general partner or the
proprietor, respectively. — , , -
• For a municipality, State, Federal, or other public agency, the plan must be signed by
either: -
- The principal executive officer or ranking official, which includes the chief executive
' officer; of the agency, or %
- The senior officer having responsibility for the overall operations of a principal
geographic unit of the agency. ~
Designating Signatory Authority
PaitVIM3,2, ,
Any of the above persons may designate a duly authorized representative to sign for them, The
representative should either have overall responsibility for the operation of tfce facility or
environmental matters for the company. If an authorized representative is appointed, the
authorization must be put in writing by tiie responsible signatory and submitted to the Director.
Any change in an authorized individual or an authorized position must be made in writing and
e*i ihimi++ar4 **** +t*A *iAi»rvYi++t>ts« •** i<*fc«*«*ii+v*
submitted to the permitting authority.
2-48 September 1992
-------
Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
'"•' " Certification ,_,
*;-'-\" * Part VILG.2.ds: // ^ " " ' '—- -<
Any parson signing documents under this permit shall make tile following certification:^
"I certify under penalty of law that this document arid all attachments were prepared
under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that
qualified personnel property gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on
my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly
responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted fe» to the best of my
knowledge and belief/true! accurate, and complete. I; am aware that there are significant
penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and
imprisonment for knowing violations.* - ,„,;,,,„
To ensure that your facility's Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan is completely developed and
adequately implemented, your NPDES permit will generally require that an authorized facility
representative sign and certify the plan. The authorized facility representative should be someone
at or near the top of your facility's management chain, such as the president, vice president, or a
production manager who has been delegated the authority to sign and certify this type of
document. In signing the plan, the corporate officer is attesting that the information is true. rThis
signature provides a basis for an enforcement action to be taken against the person signing the
plan and related reports. The permittee should be aware that Section 309 of the Clean Water Act
provides for significant penalties where information is false or the permittee violates, either
knowingly or negligently, its permit requirements. In some cases, your general permit may require
certification of the plan by a professional engineer. Specific signatory requirements will be listed in
your NPDES permit.
EPCRA, Section 313 Facility Plan Certification Requirements
EPA's General Permit contains additional certification requirements for facilities subject to reporting
under EPCRA, Section 313 for water priority chemicals [Part IV.D.7.b.(10).]. The plan must be
reviewed and certified by a Registered Professional Engineer and recertified every three years or as
soon as practicable after significant modifications are made to the facility. This certification that
the plan was prepared in accordance with good engineering practices does not relieve the facility
owner or operator of responsibility to prepare and implement the plan, however.
2.6.3 Plan Location and Public Access
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
, Where and How Long to Keep the Plan , -' '
x " * '-' ^-""'i^ , vi"'f,- - "-" '" '>"'>--- -
' ; ; ; ; Parts IV.B. and VI.E. -•>*', -
Plans are required to be maintained onslte of tHe facility unless the director,-or authorized
representative, or the operator of a large or medium municipal separate storm sewer system,
requests that the plan be submitted. Plans and all required records must be kept until at least
one year after coverage under the permit expires. ' /
September 1992 2-49
-------
Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Although all plans are to be maintained onsite, some NPDES storm water permits may require that
facilities submit copies of their Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans to the Director for review.
Examine your permit carefully to determine what submittal requirements apply to your facility.
Even if your permit does not require you automatically to submit your plan to your permitting
authority, you must provide copies of the plan to your permitting authority or to your municipal
operator upon request. Plans and associated records are available to the public by request through
the permitting authority.
2.6.4 Director-Required Plan Modifications
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Required Changes
Any changes required by the permitting authority shall be made within 30 days, unless
otherwise provided by the notification, and the facility must submit a certification signed in
accordance with Section 2,6,2 to the Director that the requested changes have been made.
Upon reviewing your plan, the permitting authority may find that it does not meet one or more of
the minimum standards established by the pollution prevention plan requirements. In this case, the
permitting authority will notify you of changes needed to improve the plan.
For example, where a facility has not addressed spill response procedures for a toxic chemical to
the extent that the permitting authority believes is necessary, the facility will be required to revise
the procedures. The permitting authority retains the authority to make this type of request at any
time during the effective period of the plan. In the notification, the permitting authority will
establish a deadline for the incorporation of the required changes, unless the permit specifies a
deadline. Permittees may or may not have to certify that the requested changes have been
implemented depending on their specific permit conditions. You should examine your permit for
such details.
2-50 September 1992
-------
Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
2.1 FUL»H«NGAKOCSGAJ«ZATK»i
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.7 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
• Discharges through MS4s
• Salt storage piles
• EPCRA, Section 313 Facilities
2.7 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
In addition to the minimum "baseline" BMPs
discussed in previous sections, facilities may be
subject to additional "special" requirements. Not
all facilities will have to include these special
requirements in their Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan. Be sure to check your permit
closely for these conditions. In particular, EPA's
General Permit includes special requirements for:
• Facilities that discharge storm water
through municipal separate storm sewer
systems
« Facilities subject to EPCRA, Section 313
reporting requirements
• Facilities with salt storage piles.
2.7.1 Special Requirements for Discharges Through Municipal Separate Storm
Sewer Systems
1 " ':,f--'-; , W,t" ,•>$"" - '?"',< jJ-i
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
Discharges Through Large of Medium Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s) .
_ _ ,
Permittees must comply with conditions in municipal storm water management programs
developed under the NPDES permit issued format system to which the industrial facility
discharges, provided that the facility was directly notified of the applicable requirements by the
municipal operator. The facility must be in eomplianc& with these conditions by the deadlines
specified in the pollution prevention plan listed in Section 2.6,1. -
The November 16, 1990, storm water discharge permit application regulations require large and
medium municipal separate storm sewer systems {systems serving a population of 100,000 or
more) to develop storm water management programs in order to control pollutants discharged
through the municipal systems. These management programs will address discharges of industrial
storm water through the systems to the extent that they are harmful to the water quality of
receiving streams. Municipalities should be aware of the facilities with storm water discharges
associated with industrial activity that discharge into their separate storm sewer system because
the November 16, 1990, final rule required these facilities to notify the municipal operator. In
addition, facilities covered by general permits will typically be required to submit a copy of their
NO! to the municipal operator. EPA emphasizes that it is the facility's responsibility to inform the
municipality of all storm water discharges associated with industrial activity to the separate storm
sewer system. Facilities with such discharges that have not yet contacted the appropriate
municipal authority should do so immediately.
Although facility-specific Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans for industries are designed to
prevent pollutants from entering storm water discharges, the municipal operator may find it
necessary to impose specific requirements on a particular industrial facility or class of industrial
September 1992
2-51
-------
Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
facilities in some situations. One way to ensure that facilities comply with these requirements is to
include a provision in the facility's NPDES storm water discharge permit that directly-requires
compliance. This mechanism provides a basis for enforcement action to be directed, where
necessary, against the owner or operator of the facility with a storm water discharge associated
with industrial activity.
2.7.2 Special Requirements for EPCRA, Section 313 Reporting Facilities
Section 313 of EPCRA requires operators of manufacturing facilities that handle toxic chemicals in
amounts exceeding threshold levels (listed at 40 CFR 372.25) to report to the government on an
annual basis. Because these types of facilities handle large amounts of toxic chemicals, EPA
concluded that they have an increased potential to degrade the water quality of receiving streams.
To address this risk, EPA established specific control requirements in its general permit. In
particular, these requirements apply to Section 313 facilities that report for "water priority
chemicals" that include any of over 200 chemicals that have been identified by EPA as especially
toxic to water ecosystems. For reference. Appendix I contains a list of Section 313 water priority
chemicals. - "
Many of the requirements outlined below are specifically designed to address the water quality
concerns that toxic chemicals present. Incorporation of these requirements into site-specific Storm
Water Pollution Prevention Plans will prevent spills and leaks of water priority chemicals and
eliminate or reduce other opportunities for exposure of toxic chemicals to storm water, thus
protecting receiving streams from toxic discharges.
Specific Requirements
The following specific control requirements must be practiced in areas where Section 313 water
priority chemicals are stored, handled, processed, or transferred:
• Provide containment, drainage control, and/or diversionary structures:
- Prevent or minimize runon by installing curbing, culverting, gutters, sewers, or other
controls, and/or
- Prevent or minimize exposure by covering storage piles.
• Prevent discharges from all areas:
- Use manually activated valves with drainage controls in all areas, and/or
- Equip the plant with a drainage system to return spilled material to the facility.
• Prevent discharges from liquid storage areas:
- Store liquid materials in compatible storage containers
- Provide secondary containment designed to hold the volume of the largest storage tank
plus precipitation. ,
2-52 September 1992
-------
Chapter 2—Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
• Prevent discharges from loading/unloading areas:
- Use drip pans and/or
- Implement a strong spill contingency and integrity testing plan.
* Prevent discharges from handling/processing/transferring areas:
- Use covers, guards, overhangs, door skirts
- Conduct visual inspections or leak tests for ove'rhead piping.
• Introduce facility security programs to prevent spills:
- Use fencing, lighting, traffic control, and/or secure equipment and buildings.
Additional requirements are baseline BMPs that have been enhanced to address specific storm
water concerns associated with the handling of toxic chemicals. These additional requirements are
highlighted in previous sections on the pages indicated below:
Pollution Prevention Team
Preventive Maintenance
Spill Prevention Response
Employee Training
Professional Engineer Certification
p. 2-5
p. 2-27
p. 2-34
p. 2-42
p. 2-49
2.7.3 Special Requirements for Salt Storage Piles
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
, '- "•*-""" Salt 'Storage Piles
f <•.£.">•,•• :
Where storm water from a salt storage pile is discharged to waters of the United States, the pile
must be covered or enclosed to prevent exposure to precipitation, except when salt is being
added to or taken from the pife. Discharges shall comply with this provision as expeditiqusly as
practicable, but in no event teler than October 1, 1995. . ' ; _ /
Facilities may use salt for de-icing purposes or part of their industrial processes. Since exposed salt
piles will easily contaminate storm water runoff, an obvious BMP for these piles is to cover them
with a tarp or other covering or enclose them in a shed or building. This requirement may not be
applicable to all Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans, however. Where runoff from the salt pile
is not discharged to waters of the United States, then this requirement would not apply since the
pollutants will not reach a waterbody. Since it may not be feasible to maintain cover over a salt
pile when adding to it or taking salt from it, permits will generally incorporate some flexibility, as
does EPA's General Permit.
September 1992
2-53
-------
STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN WORKSHEETS
Title • Worksheet #
Pollution Prevention Team , 1
Site Map t ..2
Material Inventory . . , 3
Exposed Significant Materials 3a
List of Significant Spills and Leaks . . 4
Non-Storm Water Discharge Assessment . 5
Non-Storm Water Discharge Failure to Certify Form ........' 6
Pollutant Source Identification 7
BMP Identification .."......... 7a
Implementation Schedule . . 8
Employee Training Program/Schedule ..9
September 1992
-------
-------
POLLUTION PREVENTION TEAM
(Section 2,1,1}
MEMBER ROSTER
Leader: ,
>,
Resoonsibilities:
Worksheet #1
Completed by:
Title:
Date:
Title:
Office Phone:
•" ' • . .-
Members:
(1)
Responsibilities:
Title:
Office Phone:
(2)
Responsibilities:
Title:
Office Phone:
(3)
Responsibilities:
Title:
Office Phone:
• ' ' , -•--..
(4)
Responsibilities:
Title:
Office Phone:
• - • '
-------
DEVELOPING A SITE MAP
(Section 2.2.1 >
Worksheet #2
Completed by:
Title: ___
Date:
Instructions: Draw a map of your site including a footprint of all buildings, structures, paved areas, and
parking lots. The information below describes additional elements required by EPA's General
Permit (see example maps in Figures 2.3 and 2.4).
EPA's General Permit requires that you indicate the following features on your site map:
• All outfalls and storm water discharges
• Drainage areas of each storm water outfall • .
• Structural storm water pollution control measures, such as:
- Flow diversion structures
- Retention/detention ponds
- Vegetative swales •
- Sediment traps
• Name of receiving waters (or if through a Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System)
• Locations of exposed significant materials (see Section 2.2.2)
• Locations of past spills and leaks (see Section 2.2.3)
• Locations of high-risk, waste-generating areas and activities common on industrial sites such as:
- Fueling stations
- Vehicle/equipment washing and maintenance areas
- Area for unloading/loading materials
- Above-ground tanks for liquid storage
- Industrial waste management areas (landfills, waste piles, treatment plants, disposal areas)
- Outside storage areas for raw materials, by-products, and finished products
- Outside manufacturing areas
- Other areas of concern (specify: )
-------
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CHAPTER
3
ACTIVITY-SPECIFIC SOURCE CONTROL BMPs
This chapter describes specific BMPs for common industrial activities that may contaminate storm
water Chapter 2 led you through the steps of identifying, activities at your facility that can
contaminate storm water. At this point, you should be ready to choose the BMPs that best fill your
facility's need. You should read this chapter if any of the activities listed below take place at your
facility. BMPs for each of these activities are provided in the sections listed below:
V""'' /Activity '
Fueling
Maintaining Vehicles and Equipment
Painting Vehicles and Equipment
Washing Vehicles and Equipment
Loading and Unloading Materials
Liquid Storage in Above-Ground Tanks
Industrial Waste Management and Outside
Manufacturing
Outside Storage of Raw Materials,
By-Products, or Finished Products
Salt Storage
, Section
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4 ,
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
Each section is presented in a question and answer format; By answering these questions, you will
be able to quickly identify source controls or recycling BMPs that are suitable for your facility. The
BMPs suggested are relatively easy to use, are inexpensive, and often are effective in removing the
source of storm water contaminants. This is not a complete list of BMPs for every industrial
activity; rather, it is meant to help you think about ways you can reduce storrri water
contamination on your site. You may want to contact one of the State or Federal pollution
prevention assistance offices listed in Appendix D for suggestions or help in choosing or using
these and other BMP options. ••'.-..
September 1992
3-1
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Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Control BMPs
3.1 BMPs FOR FUELING STATIONS
When storm water-mixes with fuel spilled or leaked onto the ground, it becomes polluted with
chemicals that are harmful to humans and to fish and wHdlife. The following questions will help you
identify activities that can contaminate storm water and suggest BMPs to reduce or eliminate storm
water contamination from fueling stations. Read this section rf your facility has outdoor fueling
operations or rf fueling occurs in areas where leaks or spills could contaminate storm water. Also refer
to the BMPs listed in Section 4.2 on Exposure Minimization.
Q. Have you installed spill and overfill
prevention equipment?
Fuel overflows during storage tank filling are a major
source of spills. Overflows can be prevented. Watch the
transfer constantly to prevent overfilling and spilling.
Overfill prevention equipment automatically shuts off flow,
restricts flow, or sounds an alarm when the tank is almost
full. Federal regulations require overfill prevention
equipment on all Underground Storage Tanks (USTs)
installed after December 1988. For USTs installed before
December 1988, overfill prevention equipment is required
by 1998. State or local regulations may be stricter, so
contact your State and/or local government for details.
Consider installing overflow prevention equipment sooner
than the required deadline as part of your pollution
prevention plan.
FUEL STATION ACTIVITIES THAT
CAN CONTAMINATE STORM
^"WATER:
• Spills andf leaks that happen
' during fuel or oil delivery
* Spills caused by "topping off"
JueTtanks r-l, ,.^ ,/
• Allowing rainfall/ori the fuel
„ area or'storrh Water to nun
onto'the fuej area'^ % r '
*'f Hosing: or washing down the
> fuel area/, '.,,/- r \
* *'• $ ' A
« Leaking storage tanks „ ,
Q. Are vehicle fuel tanks often "topped off"?
Gas pumps automatically shut off when the vehicle fuel tank is almost full to prevent spills. Trying
to completely fill the tanks or topping off the tank often results in overfilling the tank and spilling
fuel. Discourage topping off by training employees and posting signs.
Q. Have you taken steps to protect fueling areas from rain?
Fueling areas can be designed to minimize ^pills, leaks, and incidental losses of fuel, such as vapor
loss, from coming into contact with rain water:
• Build a roof over the fuel area.
• Pave the fuel area with concrete instead of asphalt. Asphalt soaks up fuel or can be
slowly dissolved by fuel, engine fluids, and other organic liquids. Over time, the
asphalt itself can become a source of storm water contamination.
3-2
September 1992
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Chapter 3—Act/vfty-Sp&cfffc Source Control &Mfs
Q. Is runon to the fueling area minimized?
Runon is storm water generated from other areas that flows or "runs on" to your property or site.
Runon flowing across fueling areas can wash contaminants into storm drains. Runon can be
minimized by:
• Grading, berming, or curbing the area around the fuel site to direct runon away from the
fuel area
• Locating roof downspouts so storm water is directed away from fueling areas
• Using valley gutters to route storm water around fueling area.
Q. Are oil/water separators or oil and grease traps installed in storm drains in the
fueling area? • . •
Oil/water separators and oil and grease traps are devices that reduce the amount of oil entering
storm drains. These devices should be installed and routinely inspected, cleaned, and maintained.
Q. Is the fueling area cleaned by hosing or washing?
Cleaning the fueling area with running water should be avoided because the wash water will pick
up fuel, oil, and grease and make it storm water. Consider using a damp cloth on the pumps and a
damp mop on the pavement rather than a hose. Check with your local sewer authority about any
treatment required before discharging the mop water or wash water to the sanitary sewer.
Q. Do you control petroleum spills?
Spills should be controlled immediately. Small spills can be
contained using sorbent material such as kitty litter, straw, or
sawdust. Do not wash petroleum spills into the storm drain or
sanitary sewer. For more information on spill control measures,
see sections on Containment Diking and Curbing in Chapter 4.
Q. Are employees aware of ways to reduce
contamination of storm water at fueling
stations?
Storm water contamination from fueling operations often occurs
from small actions such as topping off fuel tanks, dripping
engine fluids, and hosing down fuel areas. Inform employees
about ways to eliminate or reduce storm water contamination.
EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT IS
THE KEY:
Getting 'employees interested in
reducing waste generation is the
key to a successful stofrr» water
pollution prevention plan.
Discuss pollution prevention^
with your employees. They are
most familiar with the
operations that generate wastes
and may have helpful waste
reduction'suggestions. Consider
setting up an employee reward
program to promote pollution'[
prevention.
September 1992
3-3
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Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Control BMPs
Q. Where does the water drain from your fueling area?
In many cases, wash water and storm water in fueling areas drain directly to the storm sewer
without adequate treatment. Some types of oil/water separators installed at these locations can
provide treatment to discharges from oil contaminated pavements, but this equipment is only
effective when properly maintained (i.e., cleaned frequently). Some States require that these
discharges be tied in to a sanitary sewer system or process wastewater treatment system. If
discharges from fueling or other high risk areas at your facility drain to a sanitary sewer system,
you should inform your local POTW.
/SUMMARY OF FUELING STATION BMPs
v,#yt- >
•" Consider installing spill and overflow protection.
fi >• ' ? r y ff. ^ *^ * .#- "y/ " ( ,,\,
- • " Reduce exposure of the fuel area to stbrrrf water*
•> - " "
J
* •* Use dry cleanup methods for the fuel area,
•> * ^••.•vXv<"-: ,, s ^ *,. f"
^ ^< ^ <£/
i^Uselproperjpetroleum spill control, , t
\ V.V, v", ~t > T r ' % ' '•"
fA , < „'
J >< > X^S^v V A t ^ •*
• e Encourage employee participation.
September 1992
-------
Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Control BMPs
3.2 BMPs FOR VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
Many vehicle and equipment maintenance operations use materials or create wastes that are harmful
to humans and the environment. Storm water runoff from areas where these activities occur can
become polluted by a variety of contaminants such as solvents and degreaskig products, waste
automotive fluids, oils and greases, acids, and caustic wastes. These and other harmful substances
in storm water can enter water bodies through storm drains or through small streams where they can
harm fish and wildlife. .
The following questions will help you find sources of storm water contamination from vehicle and
equipment maintenance operations on your site and to help you choose BMPs that can reduce or
eliminate these sources.
Q. Are parts cleaned at your facility?
Parts are often cleaned using solvents such as
trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichlqroethane or
methylene chloride. Many of these cleaners are
harmful and must be disposed of as a hazardous
waste. Cleaning without using liquid cleaners
whenever possible reduces waste. Scrape parts
with a wire brush, or use a bake oven if one is
available. Prevent spills and drips of solvents and
cleansers to the shop floor. Do all liquid cleaning
at a centralized .station so the solvents and
residues stay in one area. If you dip parts in liquid,
remove them slowly to avoid spills. Locate drip
pans, drain boards, and drying racks to direct drips
back into a sink or fluid holding tank for reuse.
Q. Have you looked into using
nontoxic or less toxic cleaners or
solvents?
If possible, eliminate or reduce the number or
amount of hazardous materials and waste by
substituting nonhazardous or less hazardous
materials. For example:
• Use noncaustic detergents instead of caustic
cleaning agents for parts cleaning {ask your
supplier about alternative cleaning agents).
ACTIVITIES THAT CAN
CONTAMINATE STORM WATER:
Engine repair and service: '• - ••
* Parts cleaning•• , - "
,,,;..,."
» Shop cleanup - -
/' ' ;4 " '
* Spilled fuel, oil, or other materials
* Replacement of,fluids (oil, oil filters,
hydraulic fluids, transmission fluid,
and radiator fiuids)
Outdoor vehicle arid, equipment storage and
parking; - ' - '
"" ^
* Dripping engine and automotive
fluids from parked vehicles acid
equipment ' - -
Disposal of materials or process wastes:
- * Greasy rags ,; ,
•,"• ' ' ' ,. >
» Oil filters J ' '
* "Air filters ~
» Batteries - \ ' , ,
« Spent coolantr degreasers, etcw
• Use detergent-based or water-based cleaning
systems in place of organic solvent degreasers. Wash water may require treatment before it
can be discharged to the sanitary sewer. Contact your local sewer authority for more
information.
• Replace chlorinated organic solvents (1.1.1 -trichloroethane. methylene chloride, etc.) with
nonchlorinated solvents. Nonchlorinated solvents like kerosene or mineral spirits are less
September 1992
3-5
-------
Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Control BMPs
toxic and less expensive to dispose of but are by no means harmless themselves. Check the
list of active ingredients to see whether it contains chlorinated solvents.
• Choose cleaning agents that can be recycled.
Contact your supplier or trade journal for more waste minimization ideas.
Q. Are work areas and spiils washed or hosed down with water?
rioan UD leaks drips, and other spills without large amounts of water. Use rags for small spills, a
damp mop ?otgenePral cleanup, and dry absorbent material for larger spills. Consider the following
BMPs:
• Avoid hosing down your work areas. .
• Collect leaking or dripping fluids in drip pans or containers. If different liquids are kept
separate, the fluids are easier to recycle.
• Keep a drip pan under the vehicle while you unclip hoses, unscrew filters, or remove other
parts. Use a drip pan under any vehicle that might leak while you work on it to keep
splatters or drips off the shop floor.
• Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper waste or recycling drums. Don't leave full drip
pans or other open containers lying around
• Locate waste and recycling drums in properly controlled areas of the yard, preferably areas
with a concrete slab and secondary containment.
Q. Are spills or materials washed or poured down the drain?
Do not pour liquid waste to floor drains, sinks, outdoor storm drain inlets, or other storm drams or
sewer connections. Used or leftover cleaning solutions, solvents, and automotive fluids and oil are
often toxic and should not be put into the sanitary sewer. Be sure to dispose of these materials
properly or find opportunities for reuse and recycling. If you are unsure of how to dispose of
chemical wastes, contact your State hazardous waste management agency or the RCRA hotline at
1-800- 424-9346. Post signs at sinks to remind employees, and paint stencils at outdoor drains to
tell customers and others not to pour wastes down drains.
Q. Are oil filters completely drained before recycling or disposal?
Oil filters disposed of in trash cans or dumpsters can leak oil and contaminate storm water. Place
the oil filter in a funnel over the waste oil recycling or disposal collection tank to dram excess oil
before disposal. Oil filters can be crushed and recycled. Ask your oil supplier or recycler about
recycling oil filters. •
3-6
September 1992
-------
Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Control BMPs
Q. Are incoming vehicles and equipment checked for leaking oil and fluids?
If possible, park vehicles indoors or under a roof so storm water does npt contact the area. If you
park vehicles outdoors while they await repair, watch them closely for leaks.
Put pans under leaks to collect fluids for proper recycling or disposal. Keeping leaks off the ground
reduces the potential for storm water contamination and reduces cleanup time and costs. If the
vehicle or equipment is to be stored outdoors, oil and other fluids should be drained first.
Designate a special area to drain and replace motor oil, coolant, and other fluids, where there are
no connections to the storm drain or the sanitary sewer and drips and spills can be easily cleaned
up. • ,
Q. Are wrecked vehicles or damaged equipment stored onsite?
Be especially careful with wrecked vehicles, whether you keep them indoors or out, as well as with
vehicles kept onsite for scrap or salvage. Wrecked or damaged vehicles often drip oil and other
fluids for several days.
• As the vehicles arrive, place drip pans under them immediately, even if you believe that all
fluids have leaked out before the car reaches your shop.
Build a shed or temporary roof over areas where you park
cars awaiting repairs or salvage, especially if you handle
wrecked vehicles. Build a roof over vehicles you keep for
parts.
• Drain all fluids, including air conditioner coolant, ^
wrecked vehicles and "parts" cars. Also drain engines,
transmissions, and other used parts.
• Store cracked batteries in a nonleaking secondary
container. Do this with all cracked batteries, even if you
think all the acid has drained out. If you drop a battery;
treat it as if it is cracked. Put it into the containment area
until you are sure it is not leaking.
BATTERY ACID SPK.LS:
Handle spilled acid from
broken batteries with care, if
yott use baking soda to
neutralize spilled acid during
cleanup, remember that the
residue is stflf dangerous to
handle and must fae disposed
of as a hazardous waste
because it may contain lead
and other contaminants.
Q. Do you recycle any of these materials?
• Degreasers
• Used oil or oil filters
• Antifreeze
• Cleaning solutions
• Automotive batteries
• Hydraulic fluid.
September 1992
3-7
-------
Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Control BMPs
All of these materials can be either recycled at your facility or sent offsite for recycling. Some
recycling options, ranked by level, of effort required, follow:
Least Effort:
Arrange for collection and transportation of car batteries, used oil and other
fluids, cleaning solutfons, and degreasers to a commercial recycling facility.
This requires that you separate wastes and store them until they are picked
up by the recycling company.
"Dirty" solvent can be reused. Presoak dirty parts in used solvent before
cleaning the parts in fresh solvent.
Moderate Effort:
Used oil, antifreeze, and cleaning solutions can be recycled onsite using a
filtration system that removes impurities and allows the fluid to be reused.
Filtration systems are commercially available.
Most Effort:
Install an onsite solvent recovery unit, if your facility, creates large volumes of
used solvents, you may consider purchasing or leasing an onsite still to
recover the solvent for reuse. Contact your State hazardous waste
management agency for more information about onsite recycling of used
solvents. . •
Q. Can you reduce the number of
different solvents used?
Reducing the number of solvents makes recycling easier
and reduces hazardous waste management costs. Often,
one solvent can perform a job as well as two different
solvents.
Q. Are wastes separated?
EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT IS THE
'"' ''KEY:
* / V, - _, .-•" •
Getting'employees interested in
reducing waste generation is the
key to a successful storm water '
pollution prevention plan. Discuss
pollution preventiorA/vith your s ', *
employees. They arefmost farriiiW
witr* the operations that generate'
wastes and may have helpful waste
reduction suggestions. Consider
setting'up an employee reward
program' to' p7qrhote* pollution
prevention. ''- " -___
Separating wastes allows for easier recycling and may
reduce treatment costs. Keep hazardous and non-
hazardous wastes separate, do not mix used oil and
solvents, and keep chlorinated solvents (like 1,1,1-trichIoroethane) separate from noncnlormated
solvents (like kerosene and mineral spirits). Proper labeling of all wastes and materials will help
accomplish this goal (see Signs and Labels BMP).
3-8
September 1992
-------
Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Control BMPs
Q. Do you use recycled products?
Many products made of recycled (i.e., refined or purified) materials are available. Engine oil,
transmission fluid, antifreeze, and hydraulic fluid are available in recycled form. Buying recycled
products supports the market for recycled materials.
SUMMARY OF VEHICLE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR BMPs
• Check for leaking oil and fluids.
•• -. ^
• Use nontoxic or low-toxtcity, materials.
K , ,' /„ f
• Drain oil filters before disposal or recycling.
•c i- f •-
•>•*•" f •<-
• Don't pour liquid waste down drains.
«, Recycle engine fluids and batteries*,
' " ; - ^ "'',--" ^: I :-' ;
» Segregate and label wastes, "^ .'*"
••"' '
, • Buy recycled products. '
September 1992
3-9
-------
Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Controf BMPs
3.3 BMPs FOR PAINTING OPERATIONS
Many painting operations use materials or create wastes that are harmful to humans and the
environment. Storm water runoff from areas where these activities occur can become polluted by a
variety of contaminants such as solvents and dusts from sanding and grinding that contain toxic metals
like cadmium and mercury. These and other potentially harmful substances in storm water can enter
water bodies directiy through storm drains where they can harm fish and wildlife.
The following questions will help you identify potential sources of storm water contamination from
painting operations on your site and BMPs that can reduce or eliminate these sources. Reading-this
section can help you eliminate, reduce.' or recycle pollutants that may otherwise contaminate storm
water.
Q. Is care taken to prevent paint
wastes from contaminating
storm water runoff?
Use tarps and vacuums to collect solid wastes
produced by sanding or painting. Tarps, drip pans,
or other spill collection devices should be used to
collect spills of paints, solvents, or other liquid
materials. These wastes should be disposed of
properly to keep them from contaminating storm water
PAINTING ACTIVITIES THAT CAN
CONTAMINATE STORM WATER:
'^S* ','•*"•'?':, ^ ,'• . "" f "', ^'J~-
•, Painting and paint removal
^ ;, v",?f^ , ^^ _T ' -'/•",' ,
< •' Sanding 'or paint stripping
' ,.' V, S- f£,'r , • "• 'f
' I .. ' • '!' ••!;, \,t'«~', , ''*,-.
'•' Spilied paint or patnt thinner
Q. Are wastes from sanding contained?
Prevent paint chips from coming into contact with storm water. Paint chips may contain hazardous
metallic pigments or biocides. You can reduce contamination of storm water with paint dust and
chips from sanding by the following practices:
• Avoid sanding in windy weather when possible.
• Enclose outdoor sanding areas with tarps or plastic sheeting. Be sure to provide adequate
ventilation and personal safety equipment. After sanding is complete, collect the waste and
dispose of "rt properly.
• Keep workshops clean of debris and grit so that the wind will not carry any waste into areas
' 'where it can contaminate storm water.
• Move the activity indoors if you can do so safely.
Q. Are parts inspected before painting?
Inspect the part or vehicle to be painted to ensure that it is dry, clean, and rust free. Paint sticks
to dry, clean surfaces, which in turn means a better, longer-lasting paint job.
3-10
September 1992
-------
Chapter 3— Activity-SpGcrfic Source ControJ BMPs
Q. Are you using painting equipment that creates little waste?
As little as 30 percent of the paint may reach the target from conventional airless spray guns; the
rest is lost as overspray. Paint solids from overspray are deposited on the ground where they can
contaminate storm water. Other spray equipment that delivers more paint to the target and less
.overspray should be used:
• Electrostatic spray equipment
• Air-atomized spray guns
. f
• High-volume/low-pressure spray guns
• Gravity-feed guns. , .
Q. Are employees trained to use spray equipment correctly?
Operator training can reduce overspray and minimize the amount of paint solids that can
contaminate storm water. Correct spraying techniques also reduce the amount of paint needed per
job. If possible, avoid spraying on windy days. When spraying outdoors, use a drop cloth or
ground cloth to collect and dispose ,pf overspray.
Q. Do you recycle paint, paint thinner, or solvents?
These materials can either be recycled at the facility or sent offsite for recycling. Some recycling ^
options ranked by the level of effort required follow.
Least Effort:
Dirty solvent can be reused for cleaning dirty spray equipment and parts
before equipment is cleaned in fresh solvent.
Give small amounts of left-over paint to the customer for touchup.
Moderate Effort:
Arrange for collection and transportation of paints, paint thinner, or spent
solvents to a commercial recycling facility.
Most Effort:
Install an onsite solvent recovery unit. If your facility creates large volumes of
used solvents, paint, or paint thinner, you may consider buying or leasing an
onsite still to recover used solvent for reuse. Contact your State hazardous
waste management agency for more information about onsite recycling of
used solvents.
September 1992 3-11
-------
Chapter 3—Activ/ty-Specfftc Source Control BMPs
Q. Are wastes separated?
Separating wastes makes recycling easier and may reduce treatment costs. Keep hazardous and
nonhazardous wastes separate, and keep chlorinated solvents (like 1,1,1-trichloroethane) separate
from nonchlorinated solvents (like petroleum distillate and mineral spirits). Check the materials data
sheet for ingredients, or talk with your waste hauler or recycling company to learn which waste
types can be stored together and which should be separated.
Q. Can you reduce the number of solvents you use?
Reducing the number of solvents makes recycling easier and reduces hazardous waste
management costs. Often, one solvent can do a job as well as two different solvents.
Q. Do you use recycled products?
Many products made of recycled (i.e., refined or purified) materials are available. Buying recycled
paints, paint thinner, or solvent products helps build the market for recycled materials.
!OF PAlNTNG OPERATION BMPs
»"inspect parts'prior to'plintfrig. * ^ -', v, «..-" , -, ,x
•^Contain sanding wastes- * ' - L , , '- % !•'
/ _. •> ^ ^ xS-"^.^5vx 'v-'>> ^ ?^^ *V^VX ,vf ,$',:;'• .• ., ^> /•• ""
•• -"Prevfent paint waste from contacting storrrTvyater.
•v^ Proper rHtenm storage of waste pairitr solvents, etc.
^ T^w ~*4r,***.fi n£fit*t£*nf*\t r\f arti ttnmorvt
•fi- x-->l^^V*3<* ;V, ' , ' s
VCfluyr^ycled produclsl, < __ '
3-12
September 1992
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Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Control BMPs
3.4 BMPs FOR VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT WASHING
Washing vehicles and equipment outdoors or in areas where wash water flows onto the ground can
pollute storm water. Wash water can contain high concentrations of oil and grease, phosphates, and
high suspended solid loads (these and other potentially harmful substances can pollute storm water
when deposited on the ground where they can be picked up by rainfall runoff). Vehicle wash water
is considered to be a process wastewater and needs to be covered by an NPDES permit. Contact your
permitting authority for information about how vehicle wash water is being regulated in your area.
The following questions are designed to help you find sources of storm water contamination from
vehicle and equipment washing and to select BMPs to reduce those sources. Reading this section can
help you eliminate, reduce, or recycle pollutants that otherwise may contaminate storm water. Also
refer to Vehicle Washing BMP in Section 4.4.
Q. Have you considered using
phosphate-free biodegradable
detergents?
Phosphates, which are plant nutrients, can cause
excessive growth of nuisance plants in water when
they enter lakes or streams in wash water. Some
States ban the use of detergents containing high
amounts of phosphates. Contact your supplier
about phosphate-free biodegradable detergents
that are available on the market.
VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT WASHING
ACTIVITIES THAT CAN CONTAMINATE
STORM WATER:
Outside equipment or vehicle
cleaning (washing or steam •
cleaning) -
Wash water discharged directly to
the ground or storm water drain
Q. Are vehicles, equipment, or parts
washed over the open ground?
Used wash water contains high concentrations of
solvents, oil and grease, detergents, and metals. Try not
to wash parts or equipment outside. Washing over
impervious surfaces like concrete, blacktop, or
hardpacked dirt allows wash water to enter storm drains
directly or deposits contaminants on the ground, where
they are washed into storm drains when it rains. Washing
over pervious ground such as sandy soils potentially can
pollute ground water. Therefore, small parts and
equipment washing should be done over a parts washing
container where the wash water can be collected and
recycled or disposed of properly.
EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT IS THE
KEY:
Getting employees interested In
reducing waste is the key to a
successful storm water pollution
prevention plan. Discuss pollution
prevention with your employees.
They are most familiar'with the
operations that generate wastes
and may have heipfur waste
reduction suggestions. Consider
setting up an employee award
program to promote pollution
prevention.
If you are washing large equipment or vehicles, and have to wash outside, designate a specific area
for washing. This area should be bermed to collect the wastewater and graded to direct the wash
water to a treatment facility. Consider filtering and recycling vehicle wash water. If recycling is
not practical, the wastewater can be discharged to the sanitary sewer. Contact your local sewer
authority to find out whether treatment is required before wash water is discharged to the sewer
(pretreatment).
September 1992
3-13
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Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Control BMPs
SUMMARY OF VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT WASHING BMPs
._» Consider"use of phosphate-free detergents.
« Use designated cleaning areas.
•> •^ < >
*» •. t
• ConsldefVecycling wash water.
3-14
September 1992
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Chapter 3—Actfvity-Specffic Source Control BMPs
3.5 BMPs FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING MATERIALS
Loading/unloading operations usually take place outside on docks or terminals. Materials spilled,
leaked, or lost during loading/unloading may collect in the soil or on other surfaces and be carried away
by rainfall runoff or when the area is cleaned. Rainfall may wash off pollutants from machinery used
to unload or load materials. The following questions are designed to help you find sources of storm
water contamination from loading and unloading materials and choose BMPs to reduce or eliminate
those sources. Reading this section can start you on the road to eliminating, reducing, or recycling
pollutants that otherwise may contaminate storm water. Also refer to the BMP on Loading and
Unloading by Air Pressure or Vacuum in Section 4.2.
Q. Are tank trucks and material delivery
vehicles located where spills or leaks
can be contained?
Loading/unloading equipment and vehicles should be
located so that leaks can be contained in existing
containment and flow diversion systems.
Q. Is loading/unloading equipment
checked regularly for leaks?
Check vehicles and equipment regularly for leaks, and
fix any leaks promptly. Common areas for leaks are
valves, pumps, flanges, and connections. Look for
dust or fumes. These are signs that material is being
lost during unloading/loading operations.
LOADING AND UNLOADING
ACTIVITIES THAT, CAN CONTAMINATE
STORM WATER: "'
• Pumping of liquids or gases from
barge, truck or rail car to a
storage facility or vice versa
• Pneumatic transfer of dry
chemicals to or from the loading"
and untoadSrtg vehicles , , /"
• Transfer by mechanical conveyor
systems < ^
« Transfer of bags, boxes, drums,
or other containers by forkllft, ^
trucks, or other material handling
equipment " -
Q. Are.loading/unloading docks or areas covered to prevent exposure to rainfall?
Covering loading and unloading areas, such as building overhangs at loading docks, can reduce
exposure of materials, vehicles, and equipment to rain.
Q. Are loading/unloading areas designed to prevent storm water runon?
Runon is storm water created from other areas that flows or "runs on" to your property or site.
Runon flowing across loading/unloading areas can wash contaminants into storm drains. Runon
can be minimized by: ' ,
• Grading, berming, or curbing the area around the loading area to direct runon away from the
area
• Positioning roof down spouts so storm water is directed away from loading sites and
equipment and preferably to a grassy or vegetated area where the storm water can soak into
the ground. '
September 1992
3-15
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Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Control BMPs
SUMMARY OF LOADING/UNLOADING OPERATIONS BMP»
• Contain leaks durinjj transfer.
« Check equipment regularly for leaks.
<* &•».
* > •* r *
• Umit exposure of material to rainfall.
•v ^ .
, - <• . *s ~ ^
• Prevent storm water runon.
3-16
September 1992
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Chapter., 3—Activity-Specific Source Control BMPs
3.6 BMPs, FOR LIQUID STORAGE IN ABOVE-GROUND TANKS
Accidental releases of chemicals from above-ground liquid storage tanks can contaminate storm water
with many different pollutants. Materials spilled, leaked, or lost from storage tanks may accumulate
in soils or on other surfaces and be carried away by rainfall runoff. The following questions can help
you find sources of storm water contamination from above-ground storage tanks and select BMPs to
reduce or eliminate those sources. Also refer of the BMPs listed in Section 4.2 on exposure
minimization and Section 4.3 on exposure mitigation for more information.
Q. Do storage tanks contain liquid
hazardous materials, hazardous
wastes, or oil?
Storage of oil and hazardous materials must meet
specific standards set by Federal and State laws.
These standards include SPCC plans, secondary
containment, installation, integrity and leak detection
monitoring, and emergency preparedness plans.
Federal regulations set specific standards for
preventing runon and collecting runoff from hazardous
waste storage, disposal, or treatment areas. These
standards apply to container storage areas and other
areas used to store, treat, or dispose of hazardous
waste. If the collected storm water is a hazardous
waste, it must be managed as a hazardous waste in
accordance with all applicable State .and Federal
environmental regulations. States, may also have
standards about controlling ruhon and runoff from
hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal
areas. To find out more about storage requirements, call
1-800-424-9346 or contact your State hazardous waste
THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF
UNINTENTIONAL RELEASES FROM
, TANKS:
« External corrosion and structural
failure
• Installation problems
• Spills and overfills due to operator
error ~ , ',',,„
j- f f S f"
• Failure of piping systems (pipes, "
pumpsr flanges, couplings:, hoses,
and valves}
• Leaks or spiHs during pumping of
liquids or 'gases from barges,
trucks, or ratt cars to a storage
facility or vice versa
the toll-free EPA RCRA hotline at
management agency.
Q. Are operators trained in correct operating procedures and safety activities?
Well-trained employees can reduce human errors that lead to accidental releases or spills.
Q. Do you have safeguards against accidental releases?
Engineered safeguards can help prevent operator errors that may cause the accidental release of
pollutants. Safeguards include:
• Overflow protection devices on tank systems to warn the operator or to automatically shut
down transfer pumps when the tank reaches full capacity
• Protective guards around tanks and piping to prevent vehicle or forklift damage
\ . . •
• Clearly tagging or labeling of valves to reduce human error.
September 1992
3-17
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Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Control BMPs
Q.
Are the tank systems inspected and is tank integrity tested regularly?
Visually inspect the tank system to identify problem areas before they lead to a release. Correct
any problems or potential problems as soon as possible. An audit of a newly installed tank system
by a registered and specially trained professional engineer can identify and correct potential
problems such as loose fittings, poor welding, and improper or poorly fitted gaskets. After
installation, have operators visually inspect the tank system on a routine basis. Areas to inspect
include tank foundations, connections, coatings, tank walls, and the piping system. Look for
corrosion, leaks, straining of tank support structures from leaks, cracks, scratches in protective
coatings, or other physical damage that may weaken the tank system. Integrity testing should be
done periodically by a qualified professional.
Q. Are tanks bermed or surrounded by a secondary containmept system?
A secondary containment system around both permanent and temporary tanks allows leaks to be
more easily detected and contains spills or leaks. Methods include berms, dikes, liners, vaults, and
double-walled tanks. See Chapter 4 for additional information on containment and spill control.
'SUMMARY OF BMPS FOR LIQUID STORAGE IN
* - ABOVE-GROUND TANKS
• Comply with applicable State and Federal laws.
> ' > „
•»" Properly train employees.
«•* Install safeguards against accidental releases.
• Routinely Inspect tanks and equipment.
-»•><"•, « > *
> * '
• Consider installing secondary contatnment.
3-18
September 1992
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Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Controf BMPs
3.7 BMPs FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AREAS AND OUTSIDE
MANUFACTURING
Storm water runoff from areas where industrial waste is stored, treated, or disposed of can be
polluted. Outside manufacturing activities can also contaminate storm water runoff. Activities such
as rock grinding or crushing, painting or coating, grinding or sanding, degreasing or parts cleaning, or
operations that use hazardous materials are particularly dangerous. Wastes spilled, leaked, or lost from
waste management areas or outside manufacturing activities may build-up in soils or on other surfaces
and be carried away by rainfall runoff. There is also a potential for liquid wastes from lagoons or
surface impoundments to overflow to surface waters or soak the soil where they can be picked up by
storm water runoff. Possible storm water contaminants include toxic compounds, oil and grease,
paints or solvents, heavy metals, and high levels of suspended solids.
The best way to reduce the potential for storm water contamination from both waste management
areas and outside manufacturing activities is to reduce the amount of waste that is created and,
consequently, the amount that must be stored or treated. The following questions are designed to help
you find BMPs that can eliminate or reduce the amount or toxicity of industrial wastes as well as
minimize contamination of storm water from existing waste management areas. Waste reduction
BMPs are appropriate for a wide range of industries and are designed to provide ideas on ways to
reduce wastes. Turn to Appendix D for a list of State and Federal pollution prevention resources that
can provide more information and assistance in choosing industrial waste reduction BMPs.
Q. Have you looked for ways to reduce
waste at your facility?
The first step to reducing wastes is to assess
activities at your facility. The assessment is designed
to find situations at your facility where you can
eliminate or reduce waste generation, emissions, and
environmental damage. The assessment involves
steps very similar to those used to develop your
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan, .such as
collecting process-specific information; setting
pollution prevention targets; and developing,
screening, and selecting waste reduction options for
further study. Starting a waste reduction program at
your facility has many potential benefits. Some of
these benefits are direct (e.g., cost savings from
reduced raw material use), while others are indirect
(e.g., avoided waste disposal fees).
INDUSTRfAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
ACTIVITIES OR AREAS THAT CAN
CONTAMINATE STORM WATER:
'• Landfills
• Waste'piles
* Wastewater and solid waste
, .treatment and disposal'
f jf * j
- Waste pumping
- Additions of treatment
chemicals
- Mixing
- Aeration m ,„
- Clarification
- Solids dewatenrig
' '•/„.'
* Land application
EPA has developed a series of industry-specific
pollution prevention waste minimization guidance
manuals. The manuals contain steps for assessing your facility's opportunity for reducing waste
and describe source reduction and recycling choices. The manuals currently available are listed in
Appendix D.
September 1992
3-19
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Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Control BMPs
Q. Have you considered
waste reduction BMPs?
There are many different types of BMPs that can
help eliminate or reduce the amount of industrial
waste generated at your facility. Some of these
BMPs are listed below and referenced in Appendix
D.
• Production planning and sequencing
• Process or equipment modification
• Raw material substitution or elimination
« Loss prevention and housekeeping
• Waste segregation and separation
• Closed-loop recycling
• Training and supervision
• Reuse and recycling.
OUTSIDE MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES
OR SITUATIONS THAT CAN
CONTAMINATE STORM WATER:
• Processes or equipment that generate
dusts, vapors, or emissions
f
-------
Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Control BMPs
• Covering waste piles with a temporary covering material such as a reinforced tarpaulin,
polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene, or Hypalon
• Minimizing storm water runori by enclosing the area or building a berm around the area.
Q. Are vehicles used to transport wastes to the land disposal or treatment site
equipped with anti-spill equipment?
Transport vehicles equipped with spill prevention equipment can prevent spills of wastes
during transport. Examples include:
• Vehicles equipped with baffles for liquid wastes
• Trucks with sealed gates and spill guards for solid wastes
• Trucks with tarps.
Q. Do you use loading systems
that minimize spills and fugitive
losses such as dust or mists?
Wastes lost during loading or unloading can
contaminate storm water. Vacuum transfer
systems minimize waste loss.
Q. Are sediments or wastes prevented
from being tracked off site?
Wastes and sediments tracked offsite can end up
on streets where they are picked up by storm
water runoff. This can be avoided by using
vehicles with specially designed tires, washing
vehicles in a designated area before they leave the
site, and controlling the wash water.
Q. Is storm water runoff minimized
from the land disposal site?
DO YOU OWN OR OPERATE A
HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT,
STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL FACILITY?
Federal and State laws establish strict
standards for managing solid and hazardous
wastes. If you are not sure whether you
own or operate a hazardous waste
treatment, storage, or disposal facility, call
the toll-free EPA RCRA hqtfins at 1-800-
424-9346 or contact your State hazardous
waste management agency. Federals
regulations contain specific standards about
preventing runon and collecting runoff from
hazardous waste storage, disposal, or
treatment areas. These standards apply to
land treatment units, landfills, waste piles,
container storage areas', and: other areas .
used to-store, treat, or dispose of
hazardous waste. If the collected storm
water is a hazardous waste, it must be
managed in accordance with ail applicable
State and Federal environmental
regulations. States may also have
standards about controlling runon and
runoff from hazardous waste-treatment,
storage, and disposal areas^
You can take certain precautions to minimize the
runoff of polluted storm water from land
application sites: Some precautions are detailed
below.
• Choose the land application site carefully. Characteristics that help prevent runoff
include slopes under 6 percent, permeable soils, a low water table, locations away from
wetlands or marshes, and closed drainage systems.
September 1992
3-21
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Chapter 3—Activity-Specffic Source Control BMPs
na waste to the site when it is raining or when the ground is frozen or
stureh9 water. Grow vegetation on areas dedicated to land disposa. to stab.hze
the soils andxeduce the volume of surface water runoff from the site.
Maintain adequate barriers between the land application site and receiving waters.
Erosion control techniques might include mulching and matting, filter fences, straw
ba°et diversion terracing, or sediment basins. For a detailed descr.pt.on of eros.on
control techniques, see Chapter 4.
Perform routine maintenance to ensure that erosion control or site stabilization
measures are working.
SUMMARY OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND
' oi rrsirn= MANUFACTURING BMPs
• Conduct a waste i-eductkm assessment.
* /." ?-' ^« " v" * * * ' „
•""• . /-N^ M f •. '
• Institute industrial waste source reduction and
v * Wtva^^ fi-w f e i. ^ ^ ^
, - recycling BMPs. t <'-- ' rf,
^\ ^ i<^- ( -'"-!„ ;: \ _, " -- -
- •"Prevent runoff'and runon from contacting the waste
management area!
- «' MmimizeVunoff from land application' sites/
3-22
September 1992
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Chapter 3—Activity-Specffic Source ControJ BMPs
3.8 BMPs FOR OUTSIDE STORAGE OF RAW MATERIALS, BY-PRODUCTS, OR
FINISHED PRODUCTS
Raw materials, by-products, finished products, containers, and material storage areas exposed to rain
and/or runoff can pollute storm water. Storm water can become contaminated by a wide range of
contaminants (e.g., metals, oil, and grease) when solid materials wash off or dissolve into water, or
by spills or leaks. The following questions are designed to help you identify potential sources of storm
water contamination and select BMPs that can reduce or eliminate those sources. Reading this section
can help you eliminate or reduce pollutants that otherwise may contaminate storm water.
GL Are materials protected from rainfall, runon, and runoff?
The best way to avoid contaminating storm water from outside material storage areas is to prevent
storm water runon or rain from cdming in contact with the materials. This can be done by:
• Storing the material indoors •
• Covering the area with a roof
• Covering the material with a temporary covering
made of polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene,
or Hypalon.
• Minimizing storm water runon by enclosing the
area or building a berm around the area.
ARE ANY OF THESE MATERIALS
STORED OUTSIDE OR IN AREAS
WHERE THEY CAN CONTAMINATE
STORM WATER?
* Fuels
• Raw materials
* By-products
• Intermediates
f <
• Final products
• Process residuals
SUMMARY'OF BMPS FOR OUTSIDE STORAGE OF RAW
MATERIALS, BY-PRODUCTS. OR FINISHED PRODUCTS
• Cover or enclose materials.
September 1992
3-23
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Chapter 3—Activity-Specific Source Control BMPs
3.9 BMPs FOR SALT STORAGE FACILITIES
Salt left exposed to rain or snow can be lost. Salt spilled or blown onto the ground during loading and
unloading will dissolve in storm water runoff. Storm water contaminated with salt can be harmful to
veaetation and aquatic life. Salty storm water runoff soaking into the ground may contaminate ground
water and make ft unsuitable as a drinking water supply. The following BMPs will help reduce storm
water contamination from salt storage and transfer activities. See Chapter 4 for more detailed
Information on covering storage areas.
Q. Are salt piles protected from rain?
The best way to prevent salt from contaminating storm
water is to eliminate or limit the exposure of salt to
rain. Preventing contact with rain also protects against
salt loss and prevents salt from absorbing moisture and
becoming caked or lumpy and making it difficult to
handle and use.
• Store salt under a roof. This is the best way
to stop direct contact with rain.
SALT STORAGE ACTIVITIES THAT
CAN CONTAMINATE STORM WATER:
Saft stored outside in piles or
bags that are exposed to rain or
snow
; ,
Salt loading and unloading areas
located outside or in areas where*
spiffed salt can contaminate /^
storm water.. '
If salt must be stored outside:
• Build the storage pile on asphalt to, reduce the potential for ground water contamination
• Cover the pile with a temporary covering material such as polyethylene, polyurethane,
polypropylene, or Hypalon.
Q. Is storm water runon prevented from contacting storage piles and loading and
unloading areas? - . :
Storm water runon can be minimized by enclosing the area or building berms around storage,
loading, and unloading areas.
SUMMARY O^SAtf STORAGE FACILITIES BMPs
»vTut it cinder a roof/' ' ~, , , |<
> 7 *^* ^ ' TO^ ••. •* *$j"'f ' ^ -
• Use temporary covers. 5
'^ix*^ "'ri^^v"'* w -, '^^
• Enciose'brFeori transfer areas. „' ^
3-24
September 1992
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CHAPTER
4
SITE-SPECIFIC INDUSTRIAL STORM WATER BMPs
This chapter describes some of the possible Best Management Practices {BMPs) that you might
include in your Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan so that pollutants from your site do not mix
with storm water.
Table 4.1 provides an easy index of the BMP descriptions that follow. The BMPs are grouped by
section into six categories: Flow Diversion Practices; Exposure Minimization Practices; Mitigative
Practices; Other Preventive Practices; Sediment and Erosion Prevention Practices; and Infiltration
Practices. '
The following information is provided for each BMP: (1) description of the BMP; (2) when and
where the BMP can be used; (3) factors that should be considered when using the BMP; and
(4) advantages and disadvantages of the BMP. More detailed fact sheets for a limited number of
the Sediment and Erosion Prevention Practices are included as Appendix E. When designing these
structural controls, EPA recommends that you refer to any State or local storm water management
design standards.
TABLE 4.1 INDEX OF SITE-SPECIFIC INDUSTRIAL STORM WATER BMPs
Section 4.1 * Flow Diversion Practices , f , ' ""
Storm Water Conveyances
Diversion Dikes
Graded Areas and Pavement
" '•• , ; ,,-. f- ' > , ' ^
Section 4,2 - Exposure Minimization Practices - - ; ^ , ,, -• ,
Containment Diking
Curbing
Drip Pans
Collection Basins
Sumps ,
Covering .
Vehicle Positioning
Loading and Unloading by Air Pressure or Vacuum
Page 4-3
4-4
4-7
4-9
.- /'••.•'
' -4-11
4-12
4-14
4-16
4-13
4-20
4-22
4-25
4-26
September 1992 4-1
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
TABLE 4.1 INDEX OF SITE-SPECIFIC INDUSTRIAL STORM WATER
Section 4.3 - MKioative Practices
Sweeping ^
Shoveling :
Excavation Practices _____
Vacuum and Pump Systems ____
Sorbents
Gelling Agents
Section 4,4 - Other Preventive Practices
Preventive Monitoring Practices :
Dust Control (Land Disturbances and Demolition Areas)
Dust Control {Industrial Activities)
Signs and Labels
Security
Area Control Procedures
Vehicle Washing
Secl^n^^ '^ <
Vegetative Practices
Structural Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control Practices
•& "
-------
Chapter 4-—Site-Specific Industrie/ Storm Water BMPs
4.1 FLOW DIVERSION PRACTICES
Structures that divert stream flow (such as gutters, drains, sewers, dikes, and graded pavement)
are used as BMPs in two ways. Rrst, flow diversion structures, called storm water conveyances,
may be used to channel storm water away from industrial areas so that pollutants do not mix with
the storm water. Second, they also may be used to carry pollutants directly to a treatment facility.
This section briefly describes flow diversion as a BMP for industrial storm water.
September 1992 4-3
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Storm Water Conveyances
fChannels/Gutters/Drains/Sewers)
What Are They
Storm water conveyances such as channels, gutters, drains, and sewers collect storm water
facility.
permanent.
When and Where to Use Them
Storm water conveyances work well at most industrial sites. Storm water can be directed away
wateHs collected in aTonveyance like this, it can be directed to a treatment facility on the site if
rTcessaryV \> poU^ant is Hpffled, it should not be allowed to enter a storm water conveyance or
drain system.)
What to Consider
In olannina for storm water conveyances, consider the amount and speed of the typical storm
' rm water drains so the channe
,
watemn A so consider the patterns in which the storm water drains so
may be located to collect the most flow and can be built to handle the amount of wjer they wdl
Sve. When deciding on the type of material for the conveyance, cons.der the res.stance of the
material, its durability, and compatibility with any pollutants it may carry.
Conveyance systems are most easily installed when a facility is first being cc '"structed; ^ Use of
existing grades will decrease costs. Grades should be positive to allow for *e cont^ed
movement of the runoff through the conveyance system; however, grades should not create an
™reaTe"n velocity that causes an increase in erosion (this will also depend upon what matenals
the conveyance is lined with and the types of outlet controls that are provided).
Ideally, storm water-conveyances should be inspected to remove debris within >24 ^ hours of rainfall,
or daily during periods of prolonged rainfall, since heavy storms may clog or damage them. It is
important to repair damages to these structures as soon as possible.
4.4 September 1992
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Wster BMPs
Typical Concrete-Lined Ditch
Typical Grass-Lined Ditch
Vegetated V-shaped Waterway with Stone Center Drain,
s.'.."Hajg =IIIH Filter layer.
'::^:::;»''"' gravel or faerie
• Trapezoidal Riprap Channel
Filter layer, gravel
or fabric
Vegetated Parabolic-shaped Waterway with Stone Center Drain
Filter layer.
gravel or fabric
FIGURE 4.1 TYPICAL STORM WATER CONVEYANCE CROSS SECTIONS
(Modified from Commonwealth of Virginia, 1980)
September 1992
4-5
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Advantages of Storm Water Conveyances (Channels/Gutters/Drains/Sewers)
• Direct storm-water flows around industrial areas
• Prevent temporary flooding of industrial site
• Require low maintenance
• Provide erosion resistant conveyance of storm water runoff
• Provide long-term control of storm water flows
Disadvantages of Storm Water Conveyances (Channels/Gutters/Drains/Sewers)
• Once flows are concentrated in storm water conveyances, they must be routed through
stabilized structures all the way to their discharge to the receiving water or treatment plant
to minimize erosion .
• May increase flow rates
• May be impractical if there are space limitations
• May not be economical, especially for small facilities or after a site has already been
constructed ; •
4-6
September 1992
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water. BMPs
Diversion Dikes
What Are They
Diversion dikes or berms are structures used to block runoff from passing beyond a certain point.
Temporary dikes are usually made with compacted soil. More permanent ridges are constructed
out of concrete, asphalt, or similar materials.
Dike'
FIGURE 4.2 DIVERSION DIKES
(Modified from North Carolina, 1988)
When and Where to Use Them
Diversion dikes are used to prevent the flow of storm water runoff onto industrial areas. Limiting
the volume of flow across industrial areas reduces the volume of storm water that may carry
pollutants from the area, requiring treatment for pollutant removal. This BMP is suitable for
industrial sites where significant volumes of storm water runoff tend to flow onto active industrial
areas. Typically, dikes are built on slopes just uphill from an industrial area together with some sort
of a conveyance such as a swale. The storm water conveyance is necessary to direct the water
away from the dike so that the water will not pool and seep through the dike.
What to Consider
In planning for the installation of dikes, consider the slope of the drainage area, the height of the
dike, the size of rainfall event it will need to divert, and the type of conveyance that will be used
with the dike. Steeper slopes result in higher volumes of runoff and higher velocities; therefore,
the dike must be constructed to handle this situation. Remember that dikes are limited in their .
•ability to manage large volumes of runoff.
September 1992
4-7
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Chapter 4— Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Ideally, dikes are installed before industrial activity begins. However, dikes can be easily
constructed at any time. Temporary dikes (usually made of dirt) generally only last for 18 months
or less, but they can-be made into permanent structures by stabilizing them with vegetation.
Vegetation is crucial for preventing the erosion of the dike.
Dikes should be inspected regularly for damage. This is especially important after storm events
since a heavy rain may wash parts of a temporary dike away. Any necessary repairs should be
made immediately to make sure the structure continues to do its job.
Advantages of Diversion Dikes
• Effectively limit storm water flows over industrial site areas
• Can be installed at any time
• Are economical temporary structures, when built from soil onsite
• Can be converted from temporary to permanent at any time
Disadvantages of Diversion Dikes
• Are not suitable for large drainage areas unless there is a gentle slope
• May require maintenance after heavy rains ____
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September 1992
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Chapter 4— Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Graded Areas and Pavement
Land surfaces can be graded or graded and paved so that storm water runoff is directed away from
industrial activity areas. The slope of the grade allows the runoff to flow, but limits the runoff from
washing over areas that may be contaminated with pollutants. Like conveyances and dikes, graded
areas can prevent runoff from contacting industrial areas and becoming contaminated with
pollutants from these areas. Grading can be a permanent or temporary control measure.
FIGURE 4.3 EXAMPLE OF GRADED PAVEMENT
(Modified from Santa Clara Valley, 1990)
When and Where to Use It
Grading land surfaces is appropriate for any industrial site that has outdoor activities that may
contaminate storm water runoff, such as parking lots or outdoor storage areas. Figure 4.3
illustrates the use of graded pavement in preventing runoff from washing over a service station
site. Grading is often used with other practices, such as coverings, buffer zones, and other
practices to reduce the runoff velocity and provide infiltration of the uncontaminated runoff^ or to
direct pollutant runoff to storm water treatment facilities.
What to Consider
When designing graded areas and pavement, both control and containment of runoff flows should
be considered. The grading should control the uncontaminated flow by diverting it around areas
September 1992
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
that may have pollutants. The grading should also contain the contaminated flows or divert them
to treatment facilities.
When regrading and~paving an industrial area, the use of concrete paving instead of asphalt should
be considered. This is especially important in potential spill sites or hazardous material storage
areas Asphalt absorbs organic pollutants and can be slowly dissolved by some fluids, thus
becoming a possible source of contaminants itself. This control measure should be used with a
cover, such as a roof, in areas where contaminants are of concern (see Covering BMP) so that ram
or snow does not fall on_the area and wash the contaminants down slope.
inspect paving regularly for cracks that may allow contaminants to seep into the ground. Also,
check to make sure that the drains receiving the storm water flow from the paved area remain
unctogged with sediment or other debris so that low areas do not flood and wash over the areas
where the contaminants may be.
Advantages of Graded Areas and Pavement
• Is effective in limiting storm water contact with contaminants
• Is relatively inexpensive and easily implemented
Disadvantages of Graded Areas and Pavement
May be uneconomical to regrade and resurface large areas
May not be effective during heavy precipitation
4-10 September 1992
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Chapter 4— Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
4.2 EXPOSURE MINIMIZATION PRACTICES
By eliminating or minimizing the possibility of storm water coming into contact with pollutants,
facilities can eliminate or minimize the contamination of storm water discharges associated with
their industrial activity. As a result, fewer materials will be carried away by storm water runoff,
the costs of collecting and treating contaminated storm water will be decreased, and safety and
environmental liabilities that result from spills and leaks will be reduced.
Completely eliminating the exposure of materials to storm water is not always possible, however.
For many industrial facilities, enclosure of facility grounds is not technologically or economically
possible. Therefore, this section describes several simple and inexpensive structural and
nonstructural BMPs that a facility can use to minimize the exposure of materials to storm water.
Containing spills is one of the primary methods of minimizing exposure of contaminants to storm
water runoff. Spill containment is used for enclosing any drips, overflows, leaks, or other liquid
material releases, as well as for isolating and keeping pollutant spills away from storm water runoff.
There are numerous spill containment methods, ranging from large structural barriers to simple,
small drip pans. The benefits of each of these practices vary based on cost, need for maintenance,
and size of the spill they are designed to control. This section describes several containment
methods, including: v
• Containment Diking
• Curbing
• Drip Pans , ,
• Catch Basins
• Sumps. .
Other practices commonly used to minimize exposure of contaminants are also discussed, including
the following:
• Covering
• Vehicle Positioning
. • x • •.'.... ' •
. • Loading and Unloading by Air Pressure or Vacuum.
September 1992 4-11
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Chapter 4-Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Containment Diking
Containment dikes are temporary or permanent earth or concrete berms or retaining waHs that are
dSgned to hold spills. Diking, one of the most common types of containment, .s an effective
method of pollution prevention for above-ground liquid storage tanks and ra.l car or tank truck
fading and'uXading areas. Diking can provide one of the best Protective^efrisu^
contamination of storm water because it surrounds the area of concern and holds the
spill materials separated from the storm water outside of the diked area.
Dike equal to 10% of total tank Impervious surface - Permanently installed tanks
volume or 110% of largest tank surrounded by dike system
Containment Diking for Large Storage Areas
Containment Diking for Small Storage Areas
FIGURE 4.4 CONTAINMENT DIKING
(Modified from MWCOG, 1992)
When and Where to Use It
Diking can be used at any industrial facility but is most commonly used for controlling large spills or
releases from liquid storage areas and liquid transfer areas.
What to Consider
Containment dikes should be large enough to hold an amount equal to the largest single storage
tank at the particular facility plus the volume of rainfall. For rail car and tank truck loading and
unloading operations, the diked area should be capable of holding an amount equal to any single
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September 1992
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Chapter 4—Site-Specrfic Industrial Storm Water BM£>s
tank truck compartment. Materials used to construct the dike should be strong enough to safely
hold spilled materials. The materials used usually depend on what is available onsite and the
substance to be contained, and may consist of earth (i.e., soil or clay), concrete, synthetic
materials (liners), metal, or other impervious materials. In general, strong acids and bases may
react with metal containers, concrete, and some plastics, so where spills may consist of these
• substances, other alternatives should be considered. Some of the more reactive organic chemicals
may also need to be contained with special liners. If there are any questions about storing
chemicals in certain dikes because of their construction materials, refer to the Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDSs).
Containment dikes may need to be designed with impervious materials to prevent leaking or
contamination of storm water, surface, and ground water supplies.
Similarly, uncontrolled overflows from diked areas containing spilled materials or contaminated
storm water should be prevented to protect nearby surface waters or ground waters. Therefore,
dikes should have either pumping systems (see Sumps BMP) or vacuum trucks available to remove
the spilled materials. When evaluating the performance of the containment system, you should pay
special attention to the overflow system, since it is often the source of uncontrolled leaks. If
overflow systems do not exist, accumulated storm water should be released periodically.
Contaminated storm water should be treated prior to release. Mechanical parts, such as pumps or
even manual systems (e.g., slide gates, stopcock valves), may require regular cleaning and
maintenance.
When considering containment diking as a BMP, you should consult local authorities about any
regulations governing construction of such structures to comply with local and State requirements.
Facilities located in a flood plain should contact their local flood control authority to ensure that
construction of the dikes is permitted.
Inspections of containment dikes should be conducted during or after significant storms or spills to
check for washouts or overflows. In addition, regular checks of containment dikes (i.e., testing to
ensure that dikes are capable of holding spills) is recommended. Soil dikes may need to be
inspected on a more frequent basis.
Changes in vegetation, inability of the structure to retain storm water dike erosion, or soggy areas
indicate problems with the dike's structure. Damaged areas should be patched and stabilized
immediately, where necessary. Earthen dikes may require special maintenance of vegetation, such
as mowing and irrigation.
Advantages of Containment Diking
• Contains spills, leaks, and other releases and prevent them from flowing
conveyances, nearby streams, or underground water supplies
• Permits materials collected in dikes to be recycled
• Is a common industry practice for storage tanks and already required for
into runoff
i
certain chemicals
• Disadvantages of Containment Diking
• May be too expensive for some smaller facilities
• Requires maintenance
• Could collect contaminated storm water, possibly resulting in infiltration
ground water
of storm water to
September 1992 4-13
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Curbing
b . '
Like containment diking, curbing is a barrier that surrounds an area of concern. Curbing functions
in a similar way to prevent spills, leaks, etc. from being released to the environment by routing
runoff to treatment or control areas. The terms curbing and diking are sometimes used
interchangeably.
Because curbing is usually small-scale, it cannot contain large spills like diking can, however,
curbing is common at many facilities in small areas where handling and transfernng liquid materials
occur.
FIGURE 4.5 CURBING AROUND DRUM STORAGE AREA
When and Where to Use it
Curbing can be used at all industrial facilities. It is particularly useful in areas where liquid materials
are transferred and as a storm water runoff control.
As with diking, common materials for curbing include earth, concrete, synthetic materials, metal, or
other impenetrable materials* Asphalt is also a common material used in curbing.
What to Consider
For maximum efficiency of curbing, spilled materials should be removed immediately, to allow
space for future spills. Curbs should have pumping systems, rather than drainage systems, fpr
collecting spilled materials. Manual or mechanical methods, such as those provided by sump
systems {see Sump BMP), can be used to remove the material. Curbing systems should be
maintained through curb repair (patching and replacement). t
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September 1992
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Chapter 4—SIte-Sp0cffic Industrial Storm Water BMPs
When using curbing for runoff control, facilities should protect the berm by limiting traffic and
installing reinforced berms in areas of concern.
\
Spills of materials that are stored within a curbed area can be tracked outside of that area when
personnel and equipment leave the area. This tracking can be minimized by grading within the
curbing to direct the spilled materials to a down-slope side of the curbing. This will keep the
materials away from personnel and equipment that pass through the area. It will also allow the
materials to accumulate in one area making cleanup much easier.
Inspections should also be conducted before forecasted rainfall events and immediately after storm
events. If spilled or leaked materials are observed, cleanup should start immediately. This will
prevent overflows and/or contamination of storm water runoff. In addition, prompt cleanup of
materials will prevent dilution by rainwater, which can adversely affect recycling opportunities.
Inspection of curbed areas should be conducted regularly, to clear clogging debris. Because
curbing is sized to contain small spill volumes, maintenance should also be conducted frequently to
prevent overflow of any spilled materials. -
Advantages of Curbing
• Is an excellent method to control runon
• Is inexpensive
}
• Is easily installed
• Materials spilled within curbed areas can be recycled
• Exists as a common industry practice
Disadvantages of Curbing
« is not effective for holding large spills
• May require more maintenance than diking
September 1992
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Drip Pans
What Are They
Drip pans are small depressions or pans used to contain very small volumes of leaks, drips, and
spills that occur at a facility. Drip pans can be depressions in concrete, asphalt, or other
impenetrable materials or they can be made of metals, plastic, or any material that does not react
with the dripped chemicals. Drip pans can be temporary or permanent.
Drip pans are used to catch drips from valves, pipes, etc. so that the materials or chemicals can be
cleaned up easily or recycled before they can contaminate storm water. Although leaks and drips
should be repaired and eliminated as part of a preventive maintenance program, drip pans can
provide a temporary solution where repair or replacement must be delayed. In addition, drip pans
can be an added safeguard when they are positioned beneath areas where leaks and drips may.
occur.
Use Drip Pans for Leaking Equipment
Use. Drip Pans in Loading and Unloading Areas
FIGURE 4.6 USES FOR DRIP PANS
(Modified from Washington State. 1992)
When and Where to Use Them
Drip pans can be used at any industry where valves and piping are present and the potential for
small volume leakage and dripping exist.
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September 1992
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
What to Consider
When using drip parts, consider the location of the drip pan, weather conditions, the type of
material to be used for the drip pan, and how it will be cleaned.
The location of the drip pan is important. Because drip pans must be inspected and cleaned
frequently, they must be easy to reach and remove. In addition, take special care to avoid placing
drip pans in precarious positions such as next to walkways, on uneven pavement/ground, or sitting
on pipelines. Drip pans inthese locations are easily overturned and may present a safety hazard,
as well as an environmental hazard.
Weather conditions are also important factors. Heavy winds and rainfall move or damage drip pans
because of their small size and their light weight (if not built-in). To prevent this, secure the pans
by installing or anchoring them. Drip pans may be placed on platforms or behind wind blocks or
tied down. .
For drip pans to be effective, employees must pay attention to the pans and empty them when
they are nearly full. Because of their small holding capacities, drip pans will easily overflow if not
emptied. Also, recycling efforts can be affected if storm water accumulates in drip pans and
dilutes the spilled material. It is important to have clearly specified and easily followed practices of
reuse/recycle and/or disposal, especially the disposal of hazardous materials. Many facilities dump
the drip pan contents into a nearby larger volume storage container and periodically recycle the
contents of the storage container.
In addition, frequent inspection of the drip pans is necessary due to the possibility of leaks in the
pan itsejf or in piping or valves that may occur randomly or irregular slow drips that may increase in
volume. Conduct inspections before forecasted rainfall events to remove accumulated materials
and immediately after storm events to empty storm water accumulations.
Advantages of Drip Pans
• Are inexpensive
• Are easily installed and simple to operate
• Allow for reuse/recycle of collected material
• Empty or discarded containers may be reused as drip pans
Disadvantages of Drip Pans .
• Contain small volumes only
• Must be inspected and cleaned frequently
• Must be secured during poor weather conditions
• Contents may be disposed of improperly unless facility personnel are trained in proper
disposal methods '. • _^ •
September 1992 4-17
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Collection Basins
What Are They
Collection basins, or storage basins, are permanent structures where large sp.lls or contaminated
sto m water are contained and stored before cleanup or treatment. Collector.bums are designed
to receive spills, leaks, etc. that may occur and prevent these materials from being released to the
environment. Unlike containment dikes, collection basins can receive and contain materials from
many locations across a facility.
Collection basins are commonly confused with treatment units such as ponds, lagoons, ajidI other
containment structures. Collection basins differ from these structures because they are des.gned
to temporarily store storm water rather than treat it. •
When and Where to Use Them
Collection basins are appropriate for all industrial sites where space allows. Collection basins are
particularly useful for areas that have a high spill potential.
What to Consider
The design and installation considerations for collection basins include sizing the basin either to
hold a certain amount of spill or a certain size storm, or both. In designing the collection system,
the type of material for the conveyances, compatibility of various matena s to be carried through
the system, and requirements for compliance with State and local regulations *«"*?™£^-
Ideally, the system should function to route the materials quickly and easily to the collection basin.
When spills occur, the collection system must route the spill or storm water immediately to the
collection basin. After a spill is contained, the collection system and basin may require cleaning.
Remove the collection basin contents immediately to prevent an unintentional release and recycle
the spilled material as much as possible. Inspect the structure on a regular basis and after storm
events or spills. Depending upon the types of pollutants that may be in the storm water, or are
collected as spills, design of the basin may require a liner to prevent infiltration into the ground
water. Make sure that the installation of this BMP does not violate State ground water regulat.ons.
If it is possible that the collection basin may handle combustible or flammable spilled materials,
explosion-proof pumping equipment and controls or other appropriate precautions should be taken
to prevent explosions or fires. Consult OSHA and local safety codes and standards for specific
requirements and guidance.
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September 1992
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Chapter 4— Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Advantages of Collection Basins
• Can store contaminated storm water until directed to a treatment facility
• Can collect spills for recycling where materials are separated
Disadvantages of Collection Basins
• May need a conveyance, system for increased effectiveness _'
« May collect materials that are not compatible
• 'May reduce the potential for recycling materials by collecting storm water, which dilutes
the materials
« May create ground water problems if pollutants infiltrate into ground
September 1992 4-19
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Chapter 4—Site-Specfftc Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Sumps
What Are They
Sumps are holes or low areas that are structured so that liquid spills or leaks will flow down toward
a particular part of a containment area. Frequently, pumps are placed in a depressed area and are
turned on automatically to transfer liquids away from the sump when the level of liquids gets too
high. Sumps can be temporary or permanent.
When and Where to Use Them
Sumos can be used at all facilities. Sumps are used with other spill containment and treatment
measures and can be located almost anywhere onsite. Sumps are frequently, located in low lying
areas within material handling or storage areas.
What to Consider
When designing and installing a sump system, consider the pump location, function, and system
alarms. Design and install the sump in the lowest lying area of a containment structure, -allowing
for materials 'to gather in the area of the sump. Construct the sump of impenetrable materials and
provide a smooth surface so that liquids are funneled toward the pump. It may be appropriate to
house the pumps in a shed or other structure for protection and stabilization.
There are numerous factors that should be considered when purchasing a pump. Base the size of
the pump on the maximum expected volume to be collected in the containment structure. In some
cases, more than one pump may be appropriate. Typically, pumps that can be submerged under
the spill are the most appropriate for areas where large spills may occur and that may submerge the
sump area. The viscosity (thickness) of the material and the distance that the material must be
pumped are also important considerations. Install pumps according to the manufacturer s
recommendations.
An alarm system can be installed for pumps that are used to remove collected materials. An alarm
system can indicate that a pump should be operated by hand or that an automatically operated
pump has failed to function. Ultimately, facility personnel should have some mechanism to take
action to prevent spills from by-passing and overflowing containment structures.
The pumps and the alarm system used in the sump generally require regular inspections for service
and maintenance of parts based on manufacturers' recommendations.
If it is possible that the sump may handle combustible or flammable spilled materials, explosion-
proof pumping equipment and controls or other appropriate precautions should be taken to prevent
explosions or fires. Consult OSHA and local safety codes and standards for specific requirements
and guidance.
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Stoi-m Water BMPs
Advantages of Sumps
Provide a simple and quick collection method for recycling, reusing, or treating materials in
a containment structure
Are commonly used at industrial facilities •
Disadvantages of Sumps
• Pumps may clog easily if not designed correctly
• May require maintenance/servicing agreements with pump dealers
• Costs for purchasing and/or replacing pumps may be high
September 1992 4-21
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Covering
Covering is the partial or total physical enclosure of materials, equipment, process operations, or
activities. Covering certain areas or activities prevents storm water from coming into contact with
potential pollutants and reduces material loss from wind blowing. Tarpaulins, plastic sheeting,
roofs, buildings, and other enclosures are examples of covering that are effective in preventing
storm water contamination. Covering can be temporary or permanent.
When and Where to Use It
Covering is appropriate for outdoor material storage piles {e.g., stockpiles of dry materials, gravel,
sand, compost, sawdust, wood chips, de-icing salt, and building materials) and areas where liquids
and solids in containers are stored or transferred. Although it may be too expensive to cover or,
enclose all industrial activities, cover high-risk areas (identified during the storm water pollutant
source identification). For example, cover chemical preparation areas, vehicle maintenance areas,
areas where chemically treated products are stored, and areas where salts are stored.
If covering or enclosing the entire activity is not possible, the high-risk part of the activity can often
be separated from other processes and covered. Another option that reduces the cost of building a
complete enclosure is to build a roof over the activity. A roof may also eliminate the need for
ventilation and lighting systems (Washington State, 1992).
What to Consider
Evaluate the strength and longevity of the covering, as well as its compatibility with the material or
activity being enclosed. When designing an enclosure, consider access to materials, their handling,
and transfer. Materials that pose environmental and safety dangers because they are radioactive,
biological, flammable, explosive, or reactive require special ventilation and temperature
considerations.
Covering alone may not protect exposed materials from storm water contact. Place the material on
an elevated, impermeable surface or build curbing around the outside of the materials to prevent
problems from runon of uncontaminated storm water from adjacent areas.
Frequently inspect covering, such as tarpaulins, for rips, holes, and general wear. Anchor the
covering with stakes, tie-down ropes, large rocks, tires, or other easily available heavy objects.
Practicing proper materials management within an enclosure or underneath a covered area is
essential. For example, floor drainage within an enclosure should be property designed and
connected to the wastewater sewer where appropriate and allowed. If connection to an offsite
wastewater sewer is considered, the local Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) should be
consulted to find out if there are any pretreatment requirements or restrictions that must be
followed.
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water SMPs
Smalt Chemical Storage Area
with Curbing and Cover
Raw Material Storage Covered with Tarpaulin
Covered Area for Raw Materials
Enclosed Area for Storage of
Raw Materials or Chemicals
Covered Area for Loading and Unloading
FIGURE 4.7 EXAMPLE COVERING FOR INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES
(Modified from Washington State. 1992; Salt Institute, 1987)
September 1992
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Advantages of Covering
Is simple and-effective
Is commonly inexpensive
Disadvantages of Covering
• Requires frequent inspection '
• May pose health or safety problems if enclosure is built over certain activities
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September 1992
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Chapter 4-Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Vehicle Positioning
Vehicle positioning is the practice of locating trucks or rail cars while transferring materials to .
prevent spills of materials onto the ground surface, which may then contaminate storm water
runoff. Vehicle positioning is a simple and effective method of material spill prevention and yet it is
commonly overlooked.
When and Where to Use It
Vehicle positioning can be used at all types of industrial facilities. This practice is appropriate for
any area where materials are transferred from or to vehicles, such as loading a.nd unloading areas,
storage areas, and material transfer areas. Use vehicle positioning in conjunction with other
practices such as covering, sumps, drip pans, or loading and unloading by air pressure or vacuum
where chemical spills are of concern.
What to Consider
The purpose of vehicle positioning is to locate vehicles in a stable and appropriate position to
prevent problems, such as spills resulting from broken material storage containers, spills caused by
vehicle movement during materials transfer activities, and spills caused by improperly located
vehicles. Vehicles should also be positioned near containment or flow diversion systems to collect
unexpected spills from leaks in transfer lines or connections. The following activities are included
in this practice:
• Constructing walls that help in positioning the vehicles
• Positioning vehicle either over a drain or on a sloped surface that drains to a containment
structure ' ,
• Outlining required vehicle positions on the pavement
• Using wheel guards or wheel blocks
• Posting signs requiring the use of emergency brakes
• Requiring vehicles to shut off engines during materials transfer activities.
Advantages of Vehicle Positioning ,
• Is inexpensive
v '
• Is easy and effective
Disadvantages of Vehicle Positioning
• May require redesign
of loading and unloading areas
September 1992 4-25
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Loading and Unloading by M jPresSure or Vacuum
Air pressure and vacuum systems are commonly used for transporting and load.ng and unloading
materials. These systems are simple to use and effective in transfernng dry chem.cals or sohds
from one area to another, but are less effective as the particles of matenal become more dense.
In an air oressure system, a-safety-relief valve and a dust collector are used to separate the dry
SateriJsTom thVafr and then release the air accumulated during transfer operations In a vacuum
Astern, a dust collection device and an air lock, such as a rotary gate or trap door feeder, are
typically used.
The use of mechanical equipment that involves enclosed lines, such as those provided by air _
pressure (also referred to as pneumatic) and vacuum loading systems are effect,ve ,nnethods for
minimizing releases of pollutants into the environment. Because of the enclosed nature of the
system, pollutants are not exposed to wind or precipitation and therefore have less potenfal to
contaminate storm water discharges.
When and Where to Use It
Air pressure and vacuum systems can be used at all types of industrial facilities. This equipment is
located in material handling areas to use for storing, loading and unloadmg, transporting, or
conveying materials.
What to Consider
Unlike many of the other BMPs discussed in this manual, air pressure and vacuum systems may be
expensive because of the costs of purchasing the system and retrofitting the system to| existing
materials handling procedures. In many cases, these systems can be sh.pped to, a fe«lrty and be
installed onsite without contractor help. Manufacturer's recommendations should be Allowed
closely to ensure proper installation. In other cases, systems may have to be designed specrf.cally^
for a site Proper design and installation are very important for air pressure and vacuum systems to
be as effective as possible. The equipment may be weatherproof or, if not, consider enclos.ng or
covering the equipment.
Conduct routine inspections of air pressure and vacuum systems. Regular maintenance is required
of these systems, especially the dust collectors. Conduct maintenance act.vrt.es based on
manufacturers' recommendations. Inspect air pressure systems more frequently due to the greater
potential for leaks to the environment.
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September 1992
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Advantages of Loading and Unloading by Air Pressure or Vacuum
• Is quick and simple
• May be economical if materials can be recovered
• Will minimize exposure of pollutants to storm water
Disadvantages of Loading and Unloading by Air Pressure or Vacuum
• May be costly to install and maintain
• May not be appropriate for some denser materials
• May require site-specific design
• Dust collectors may need a permit under the Clean Air Act to install
September 1992
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
4.3 MITIGATIVE PRACTICES
Mitigation involves cleaning up or recovering a substance after it has been released or spilled to
reduce the potential impact of a spill before it reaches the environment. Therefore, pollution
mitigation is a' second line of defense where pollution prevention practices have failed or are
impractical. Because spills cannot always be avoided at industrial sites, it is necessary to plan for
these events and to design proper response procedures. This section discusses mitigative BMPs to
avoid contamination of storm water. Most of the mitigative practices discussed are simple and
should be incorporated in your facility's good housekeeping and spill response plans. The
mitigation practices discussed include manual cleanup methods, such as sweeping and shoveling,
mechanical cleanup by excavation or vacuuming, and cleanup with sorbents and gels.
Facilities are cautioned that spills of certain toxic and hazardous substances and their cleanup may
be covered under regulations, including those imposed under the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA), the Comprehensive Environmental Responsibility, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA), and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water SMPs
Sweeping
Sweeping with brooms, squeegees, or other mechanical devices is used to remove small quantities
of dry chemicals and dry solids from areas that are exposed to precipitation or storm water runoff.
These areas may include dust or contaminant covered bags, drums containing remaining materials
on their lids, areas housing enclosed or covered materials, and spills of dry chemicals and dry solids
in locations on the industrial site. Cleaning by sweeping with brooms is a low cost practice that
can be performed by all employees and requires no special equipment or training.
When and Where to Use It
Sweeping can be used at many material handling areas and process areas in all types of industrial
facilities. Timing is an important consideration for all mitigative practices. To be effective as a
storm water control, cleanup must take place before rainfall or contact with storm water runoff or
before an outside area is hosed down.
Do not limit your cleanup activities to those outside activities that are exposed to rainfall. In many
cases, tracking of materials to the outside from areas that are enclosed or covered (e.g., on shoes)
may also occur.
What to Consider
Store brooms appropriately and do not expose them to precipitation. In addition, rules of
compatibility also apply. Do not use the same broom to clean up two chemicals that are
incompatible. Determine the compatibility between the brooms themselves and the chemical of
concern before using this practice. In some instances, chemicals should be vacuumed instead of
swept. Be sure that swept material is disposed of properly.
Advantages of Sweeping
• Is inexpensive
• Requires no special training
• Provides recycling opportunities
Disadvantages of Sweeping
Is a labor-intensive practice
Is limited to small releases of dry materials
September 1992 4-29
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Shoveling
Shoveling is another manual cleanup method that is simple and low in cost. Generally, shoveling
can be used to remove larger quantities of dry chemicals and dry solids, as well as to remove
wetter solids and sludge. Shoveling is also useful in removing accumulated materials from sites not
accessible by mechanical cleanup methods.
When and Where to Use It
Shoveling can be used at any facility. Shoveling provides an added advantage over sweeping
because cleanup methods are not limited to dry materials. In many cases, accumulated solids and
sludges that are in ditches, sumps, or other facility locations can be effectively and quickly
removed by shoveling.
Shovels can also be used to clean up contaminated snows. Timing is an important consideration in
any mitigative practice. Materials that could contaminate storm water runoff should be removed
before any storm event.
What to Consider
As with brooms, clean and store shovels properly. Also, consider planning for the transport and
disposal or reuse of the shoveled materials.
Advantages of Shoveling
• Is inexpensive
• Provides recycling opportunities " '
• Can remediate larger releases and is effective for dry and wet materials
• Is labor-intensive
• Is not an appropriate
Disadvantages of Shoveling
practice for large spills .
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Chapter 4-Site-Specrfic Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Excavation Practices
What Are They
Excavation (i.e., removal of contaminated material) of released materials is typically conducted by
mechanical equipment, such as plows and backhoes. Generally, plowing and backhoeing can be
done using a specifically designed vehicle, tractor, or truck.
Excavation removes the materials of concern and any deposition of contaminants, thereby reducing
the potential for storm water contamination. Mechanical cleanup methods are typically less precise
than manual cleanup methods, resulting in reduced opportunities for recycle and reuse.
When and Where to Use Them
Excavation practices are most useful for large releases of dry materials and for areas contaminated
by liquid material releases. In excavation, you want to be sure that all of the contaminated material
is removed. .
Timing is an important consideration for all mitigative practices. To be effective as a storm water
control, cleanup must take place before a rainfall event. -
What to Consider
Conduct inspections and operations and maintenance in accordance with a manufacturer's
recommendations, which may include the following:
• A specified frequency for inspection, maintenance, and servicing of the equipment
• Parts replacement, rotation, and lubrication specifications
• Procedures for evaluating all parts.
As with any equipment used during cleanup, other considerations apply, including the following:
••. Plows, backhoes, etc. should be stored appropriately with no exposure to precipitation
• Excavated materials should be properly handled or disposed of.
Advantages of Excavation Practices
• Are
• Are
a cost effective method for cleaning up dry materials release
common and simple
Disadvantages of Excavation Practices
• Are
less precise, resulting in less recycling and reuse opportunities
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Vacuum and Pump Systems
What Are They
Vacuum and pump systems are effective for cleaning up spilled or exposed materials.
The benefits of vacuum and pump cleanup systems include simplicity and speed. With such
systems, only the spilled materials need be collected. Also, these systems are often portable and
can be used at many locations to clean up releases to the environment. Portable systems can
usually be rented.
When and Where to Use Them
Vacuum and pump systems can be used at any industrial facility. Both wet and dry materials can
be collected with these systems. Vacuum systems can be used in material handling areas and
process areas.
What to Consider
Consider the area of use and the most appropriate size for the system. Since these systems can be
portable, size is important, especially if materials will be stored in the unit. In this case, the
portable system must have enough suction or positive air pressure to transport materials over long
distances. Include plans for proper disposal or reuse of the collected materials.
Advantages of Vacuum
• Remove materials by air pressure or vacuum
• Collect materials accurately
• Offer good recycling opportunities
and Pump Systems
quickly and simply
Disadvantages of Vacuum and Pump Systems
• May require high initial capital cost
• Require equipment maintenance • •
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Chapter 4-Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Sorbents
What Are They
Sorbents are materials that are capable of cleaning up spills through the chemical processes of
adsorption and absorption. Sorbents adsorb (an attraction to the outer surface of a material), or
absorb (taken in by the material like a sponge) only when they come in contact with the sorbent
materials. The sorbents must be mixed with a spill or the liquid must be passed through the
sorbent. Sorbent materials come in many different forms from particles to foams. Often the
particles are held together in structures called booms, pads, or socks. Sorbents include, but are
not limited to, the following:
• Common Materials (clays, sawdust, straw, and flyash)—Generally come in small particles
that can be thrown onto a spill that is on a surface. The materials Absorb the spill by taking
up the liquid. -
• Polymers (polyurethane and polyolefin)—Come in the form of spheres, beads, or foam
tablets. These materials absorb a chemical spill by taking up the liquid into their open-pore
structure.'
• Activated Carbon—Comes in a powdered or granular form and can be mixed with liquids to
remove pollutants. This sorbent works by adsorbing the organics to its surface and can be
recycled and then reused by a process called regeneration.
• "Universal Sorbent Material"—Is a silicate glass foam consisting of rounded particles that can
absorb the material.
When and Where to Use Them
Sorbents are useful BMPs for facilities with liquid materials onsite. Timing is important for these
practices. To be effective as a storm water BMP, cleanup must take place before a rainfall.
Sorbents are often used in conjunction with curbing to provide cleanup of small spills within a
containment area. .
"Universal Sorbent Materials" are suitable for use on many compounds including acids, alkalis,
alcohols, aldehydes, arsenate, ketbnes, petroleum products, and chlorinated solvents.
Activated carbon is useful for adsorbing many organic compounds. Organics that are diluted in
water can be passed through a column thai is filled with the activated carbon material to remove
the organics, or the activated carbon can be mixed into the water and can then be filtered out.
Polyurethane is good with chemical liquids such as benzene, chlorinated solvents, epicholorhydrin,
and phenol. Polyolefin is used to remove organic solvents, such as phenol and various chlorinated
solvents. The beads and spheres are usually mixed into a spill by use of a blower and then are
skimmed from the top surface by use of an oil boom.
More common materials such as clay, sawdust, straw, and fly-ash can be used for a liquid spill on
a surface that is relatively impenetrable, and are usually spread over the spill area with shovels.
Booms, pads, and socks are also useful in areas where there are small liquid spills or drips or where
small amounts of solids may mix with small amounts of storm water runoff. They can function
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
both to absorb the pollutants from the storm water 'and restrict the movement of a spill. Socks are
often used together with curbing to clean up small spills.
What to Consider
Because sorbents work by a chemical or physical reaction, some sorbents are better than others for
certain types of spills. Therefore, the use of sorbents requires that personnel know the properties
of the spilled material(s) to know which sorbent is appropriate. To be effective, sorbents must
adsorb the material spilled but must not react with the spilled material to form hazardous or toxic
substances. Follow the manufacturers' recommendations.
For sorbents to be effective, they must be applied immediately in the release area. The use of
sorbent material is generally very simple: the sorbent is added to the area of release, mixed well,
and allowed to adsorb or absorb. Many sorbents are not reusable once they have been used.
Proper disposal is required.
Advantages of Sorbents
Work in water environments (booms and socks)
Offer recycling opportunities (some types of sorbents)
Disadvantages of Sorbents
• Require a knowledge of the chemical makeup of a spill (to choose the best sorbent)
• Offer no recycling opportunities (some types of sorbents)
i
• May be expensive practice for large spills
• May create disposal problems and increase disposal costs by creating a solid waste and
potentially a hazardous waste.
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Chapter 4-Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Gelling Agents
What Are They
Gelling agents are materials that interact with liquids either physically or chemically (i.e., thickening
or polymerization). Some of the typical gelling agents are polyelectrblytes, polyacrylamide,
butylstyrene copolymers, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, and a gelling agent referred to as the
universal gelling agent which is a combination of these synthetics.
Gelling interacts with a material by concentrating and congealing it to become semisolid. The
semisolid gel later forms a solid material, which can then be cleaned up by manual or mechanical
methods. The BMP of using a getting agent is one of the few ways to effectively control a liquid
spill before it reaches a receiving water or infiltrates into the,soil and then ground water.
When and Where to Use Them
Gelling agents are useful for facilities with significant amounts of liquid materials stored onsite.
Gels cannot be used to clean up spills on surface water unless authorized by the U.S. Coast Guard
or EPA Regional Response Team.
What to Consider
Gels can be used to stop the liquid's flow on land, prevent its seeping into the soil, and reduce the
surface spreading of a spill. Because of these properties, gels can reduce the need for extensive
cleanup methods and reduce the possibility of storm water contamination from an uncontrolled
industrial spill. As with sorbents, the use of gels simply involves the addition of the gel to the area
of the spill, mixing well, and allowing the mass to congeal. To use gels correctly, however,
personnel need to know the properties of the spilled materials so that they can choose the correct
gel.
Timing is particularly important for gelling agent use. To prevent the movement of materials,
gelling agents must be applied immediately after the spill. The use of gelling agents results in a
large bulk of congealed mass that usually cannot be separated. Ultimately, this mass will need to
be cleaned up by manual or mechanical methods' and disposed of properly.
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Advantages of Gelling Agents
Stop the movement of spilled or released liquid materials
Require no permanent structure
Disadvantages of Gelling Agents
• May require knowledge of the spilled materials to select correct gelling agents
• Usually offer no recycling opportunities
• May be difficult to clean up
• May create disposal problems and increase disposal costs by creating a solid waste and
potentially a hazardous waste • •
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Chapter 4-Site-Spaafic Industrial Storm Water BMPs
4.4 OTHER PREVENTIVE PRACTICES
A number of preventive measures can be taken at industrial sites to limit or prevent the exposure of
storm water runoff to contaminants. This section describes a few of the most easily implemented
measures:
• Preventive Monitoring Practices
• Dust Control (Land Disturbance and Demolition Areas)
• Dust Control (Industrial)
• Signs and Labels
• Security
• Area Control Procedures
i • Vehicle Washing.
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Chapter 4—Site-Specffic Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Preventive Monitoring Practices
What Are They
Preventive monitoring practices include the routine observation of a process or piece of equipment
to ensure its safe performance. It may also include the chemical analysis of storm water before
discharge to the environment.
When and Where to Use Them
Automatic Monitoring System—In areas where overflows, spills, and catastrophic leaks are
possible, an automatic monitoring system .is recommended. Some Federal, State, and local laws
require such systems to be present if threats exist to the health and safety of personnel and the
environment. For material management areas, monitoring may include liquid level detectors,
pressure and temperature gauges, and pressure-relief devices. In material transfer, process, and
material handling areas, automatic monitoring systems can include pressure drop shutoff devices,
flow meters, thermal probes, valve position indicators, and operation lights. Loading and unloading
operations might use these devices for measuring the volume of tanks before loading, for weighing
vehicles or containers, and for determining rates of flow during loading and unloading.
Automatic Chemical Monitoring—Measures the quality of plant runoff to determine whether
discharge is appropriate or whether diversion to a treatment system is warranted. Such systems
might monitor pH, turbidity, or conductivity. These parameters might be monitored in diked areas,
sewers, drainage ditches, or holding ponds. Systems can also be designed to signal automatic
diversion of contaminated storm water runoff to a holding pond (e.g., a valve or a gate could be
triggered by a certain pollutant in the storm water runoff).
Manned Operations—In material transfer areas and process areas, personnel can be stationed to
watch over the operations so that any spills or mismanagement of materials can be corrected
immediately. This is particularly useful at loading and unloading areas where vehicles or equipment
must be maneuvered into the proper position to unldad (see Vehicle Positioning BMP).
Nondestructive Testing—Some situations require that a storage tank or a pipeline system be tested
without being physically moved or disassembled. The structural integrity of tanks, valves, pipes,
joints, welds, and other equipment can be tested using nondestructive methods. Acoustic emission
tests use high frequency sound waves to draw a picture of the structure to reveal cracks,
malformations, or other structural damage. Another type of testing is hydrostatic pressure testing.
During pressure testing, the tank or pipe is subjected to pressures several times the normal
pressure. A loss in pressure during the testing may indicate a leak or some other structural
damage. Tanks and containers should be pressure tested as required by Federal, State, or local
regulations.
What to Consider
Automated monitoring systems should be placed in an area where plant personnel can easily
observe the measurements. Alarms can be used in conjunction with the measurement display to
warn personnel. Manned operations should have communication systems available for getting help
in case spills or leaks occur. Especially sensitive or spill-prone areas may require back-up
instrumentation in case the primary instruments malfunction.
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Mechanical and electronic equipment should be operated and maintained according to the
manufacturers' recommendations. Equipment should be inspected regularly to ensure proper and
accurate operation. _
The pollution prevention team, in consultation with a certified safety inspector, should evaluate
system monitoring requirements to decide which systems are appropriate based on hazard
potential.
Advantages of Preventive Monitoring Practices
• Pressure and vacuum testing can locate potential leaks or damage to vessels early. The
primary benefit of such testing is in ensuring the safety of personnel, but it also has
secondary benefits including prevention of storm water contamination.
• Automatic system monitors allow for early warnings if a leak, overflow, or catastrophic
incident is imminent.
• Manning operations, especially during loading and unloading activities, is effective and
generally inexpensive.
• The primary benefit of nondestructive testing is in ensuring the safety of personnel, but it
also has secondary benefits including early detection of the potential for contaminating
storm water runoff.
Disadvantages of Preventive Monitoring Practices
• Plant personnel often do not have the expertise to maintain automatic equipment.
• Automatic equipment can fail without warning.
• Automated process control and monitoring equipment may be expensive to purchase and
operate
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Dust Control (Land Disturbance and Demolition Areas)
Dust controls for land disturbance and demolition areas are any controls that reduce the potential
for particles being carried through air or water. Types of dust control are:
• Irrigation—Irrigation is a temporary measure involving a light application of water to moisten
the soil surface. The process should be repeated as necessary.
• Minimization of Denuded Areas—Minimizing soil exposure reduces the amount of soil
available for transport and erosion. Soil exposure can be lessened by temporary or
permanent soil stabilization controls, such as seeding, mulching, topsoiling, crushed stone or
coarse gravel spreading, or tree planting. Maintaining existing vegetation on a site will also
help control dust.
« Wind Breaks—Wind breaks are temporary or permanent barriers that reduce airborne particles
by slowing wind velocities (slower winds do not suspend particles). Leaving existing trees
and large shrubs in place will create effective wind breaks. More temporary types of wind
breaks are solid board fences, snow fences, tarp curtains, bales of hay, crate walls, and
sediment walls.
• Tillage—Deep plowing will roughen the soil surface to bring up to the surface cohesive clods
of soil, which in turn rest on top of dusts, protecting them from wind and water erosion.
This practice is commonly practiced in arid regions where establishing vegetation may take
time. .
• Chemical Soil Treatments (palliatives)—These are temporary controls that are applied to soil
surfaces in the form of spray-on adhesives, such as anionic asphalt emulsion, latex emulsion,
resin-water emulsions, or calcium chloride. The palliative is the chemical used. These should
be used with caution as they may create pollution if not used correctly.
When and Where to Use It
Dust controls can be used on any site where dust may be generated and where the dust may cause
onsite and offsite damage. Dust controls are especially critical in arid areas, where reduced rainfall
levels expose soil particles for transport by air and runoff. This control should be used in
conjunction with other sedimentation controis such as sediment traps.
What to Consider
To control dust during land disturbance and at demolition areas, exposure of soil should be limited
as much as possible. When possible, work that causes soil disturbance or involves demolition
should be done in phases and should be accompanied by temporary stabilization measures. These
precautions will minimize the amount of soil that is disturbed at any one time and, therefore,
control dust.
Oil should not be used to control dust because of its high potential for polluting storm water
discharges.
Irrigation will be most effective if site drainage systems are checked to ensure that the right
amount of water is used. Too much water can cause runoff problems.
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Chapter 4-Site-Specffic Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Chemical treatment is only effective on mineral soils, as opposed to muck soils, because the
chemicals bond better to mineral soils. Therefore, it should be used only in arid regions. Vehicular
traffic should be routed around chemically treated areas to avoid tracking of the chemicals. Certain
chemicals may be inappropriate for some types of soils or application areas. For example, spraying
chemicals on the soil of an industrial site adjacent to a school may be dangerous. Local
governments usually have information about restrictions on the types of palliatives that may be
used. Special consideration must be given to preserving ground water quality whenever chemicals
are applied to the land.
Since most of these techniques are temporary controls, sites should be inspected often and
materials should be reapplied when needed. The .frequency for these inspections depends on site-
specific conditions, weather conditions, and the type of technique used.
Advantages of Dust Control (Land Disturbance and Demolition Areas)
• Can help prevent wind-and-water based erosion of disturbed areas and will reduce
respiratory problems in employees
• Some types can be implemented quickly at low cost and effort (except wind breaks)
• Helps preserve the aesthetics of the site and screens certain activities from view (wind
breaks)
• Vegetative wind breaks are permanent and an excellent alternative to chemical use
Disadvantages of Dust Control (Land Disturbance and Demolition Areas)
• Some types are temporary and must be reapplied or replenished regularly
• Some types are expensive (irrigation and chemical treatment) and may be ineffective under
certain conditions
• May result in health and/or environmental hazards, e.g., if overapplication of the chemicals
leaves large amounts exposed to wind and rain erosion or ground water contamination
» May create excess runoff that the site was not designed to control (irrigation)
• May cause increased offsite tracking of mud (irrigation)
• Is not as effective as chemical treatment or mulching and seeding; requires land space that
may not be available at all locations (wind breaks)
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Dust Control (Industrial)
Dust controls for material handling areas are controls that prevent pollutants from entering storm
water discharges by reducing the surface and air transport of dust caused by industrial activities.
Consider the following types of controls:
• Water spraying ,
• Negative pressure systems (vacuum systems)
• Collector systems (bag and cyclone)
• Rlter systems
• Street sweeping.
The purpose of industrial dust control is to collect or contain dusts to prevent storm water runoff
from carrying the dusts to the sewer collection system or to surface waters.
When and-Where to Use li
Dust control is useful in any process area, loading and unloading area, material handling areas, and
transfer areas where dust is generated. Street sweeping is limited to areas that are paved.
What to Consider
Mechanical dust collection systems are designed according to the size of dust particles and the
amount of air to be processed. Manufacturers' recommendations should be followed for
installation (as well as the design of the equipment).
if water sprayers are used, dust-contaminated waters should be collected and taken for treatment.
Areas will probably need to be resprayed to keep dust from spreading.
Two kinds of street sweepers are common: brush and vacuum. Vacuum sweepers are more
efficient and work best when the area is dry.
Mechanical equipment should be operated according to the manufacturers' recommendations and
should be inspected regularly.
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Chapter 4-Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Advantages of Dust Control (Industrial)
• May cause a-decrease of respiratory problems in employees around the site
• May cause less material to be lost and may therefore save money
• Provides efficient collection of larger dust particles (street sweepers)
Disadvantages of Dust Control (Industrial)
Is generally more expensive than manual systems
May be impossible to maintain by plant personnel (the more elaborate equipment)
Is labor and equipment intensive and may not be effective for all pollutants (street
sweepers)
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Signs and Labels
What Are They
Signs and labels identify problem areas or hazardous materials at a facility. Warning signs, often
found at industrial facilities, are a good way to suggest caution in certain areas. Signs and labels
can also provide instructions on the use of materials and equipment. Labelling is a good way to
organize large amounts of materials, pipes, and equipment, particularly on large sites. ;
Labels tell material type and container contents. Accurate labeling can help facilities to quickly
identify the type of material released so facility personnel can respond correctly.
Two effective labeling methods include color coding and Department of Transportation (DOT)
labeling. Color coding is easily recognized by facility personnel and simply involves painting/coating
or applying an adhesive label to the container. Color codes must be consistent throughout the
facility to be effective, and signs explaining the color codes should be posted in all areas.
DOT requires that labels be prominently displayed on transported hazardous and toxic materials.
Labeling required by DOT could be expanded to piping and containers, making it easy to recognize
materials that are corrosive, radioactive, reactive, flammable, explosive, or poisonous.
FIGURE 4.8 SIGN ON DRUM INDICATING FLAMMABILITY
When and Where to Use Them
Signs and labels can be used at all types of facilities. Areas where they are particularly useful are
material transfer areas, equipment areas, loading and unloading areas, or anywhere information
might prevent contaminants from being released to storm water.
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
What to Consider
Signs and labels should be visible and easy to read. Useful signs and labels might provide the
following information:
• Names of facility and regulatory personnel, including emergency phone numbers, to contact
in case of an accidental discharge, spill, or other emergency
• Proper uses of equipment that could cause release of storm water contaminants
• Types of chemicals used in high-risk areas
• The direction of drainage lines/ditches and their destination (treatment or discharge)
* Information on a specific material
* Refer to OSHA standards for sizes and numbers of signs required for hazardous material
labeling. .
Hazardous chemicals might be labeled as follows:
• Danger • Poisonous
» Combustible • Caustic
• Warning • Corrosive
• Caution « Volatile
-• Flammable • Explosive
Periodic checks can ensure that signs are still in place and labels are properly attached. Signs and
labels should be replaced and repaired as often as necessary.
Advantages of Signs and Labels
• Are inexpensive and easily used
Disadvantages of Signs and Labels
Must be updated and maintained so they are legible
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Security
Setting up a security system as part of your Plan could help prevent an accidental or intentional
release of materials to storm water runoff as a result of vandalism, theft, sabotage, or other
improper uses of facility property. If your facility already has a security system, consider improving
it by training security personnel.about the specifics of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan.
Routine patrol, lighting, and access control are discussed below as possible measures to include in
your facility's security system.
When and Where to Use It
Routine patrol, lighting, and access control are measures that can be used at any facility.
What to Consider
Security information could, be included in the existing training required by the Plan to instruct
personnel about where and how to patrol areas within the facility. Instruction might also include
what to look for in problem areas and how to respond to problems. During routine patrol, security
personnel can actively search the facility site for indications of spills, leaks, or other discharges;
respond to any disturbance resulting from intruders or inappropriate facility operations; and
generally work as a safeguard to prevent unexpected events. Routine patrols could be an effective
part of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan, especially for large facilities with established
security measures. To make this practice effective, security personnel can help develop the Storm
Water Pollution Prevention Plan, possibly with one person acting as a member of the pollution
prevention committee.
Sufficient lighting throughout the facility during daytime and night hours will make it easier to get
to equipment during checks and will make it easy to detect spills and leaks that might otherwise be
hidden. Routine patrols are also easier with proper lighting.
Controlling access to the industrial site is an important part of plant security and of activity and
traffic control. Signs, fencing, guard houses, dog patrols, and visitor clearance requirements are
often used to control site access.
• Signs are the simplest, most inexpensive method of access control, but they are limited in
their actual control since they provide no physical barriers and require that people obey them
voluntarily.
• Fencing provides a physical barrier to the facility site and an added means of security.
• Guard houses used with visitor rules can help to ensure that only authorized personnel enter
the facility site and can limit vehicular traffic as well.
• Traffic signs are also useful at facility sites. Restricting vehicles to paved roads and
providing direction and warning signs can help prevent accidents. Where restricting vehicles
to certain pathways is not possible, it is important to ensure that all above-ground valves and
pipelines are well marked.
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Advantages of Security
• Provides a preventive safeguard to operational malfunctions or other facility disturbances
(routine patrols)
• Allows easier detection of vandals or thieves (lighting)
• Allows easier.detection of spills, leaks, or other releases (lighting)
• Prevents spills by providing good visibility (lighting)
• Prevents unauthorized access to facility (access control)
Disadvantages of Security
• May not be feasible for smaller facilities
• May be costly (e.g., installation of lighting systems)
• May increase energy costs as a result of additional lighting
• May not be feasible to have extensive access controls at smaller facilities
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Wpter BMPs
Area Control Procedures
What Are They
The activities conducted at an industrial site often result in the materials being deposited on clothes
and footwear and the being carried throughout the facility site. As a result, these materials may
find their way into the storm water runoff.
Area control procedures involve practicing good housekeeping measures such as maintaining indoor
or covered material storage and industrial processing areas. If. the area is kept clean, the risk of
accumulating materials on footwear and clothing is reduced. In turn, the chance of left over
pollutants making contact with storm water and polluting surface water is minimized.
When and Where to Use Them
Area control measures can be used at any facility where materials may be tracked into areas where
they can come in contact with storm water runoff. Areas can include material handling areas,
storage areas, or process areas.
What to Consider
Materials storage areas and industrial processing areas should be checked regularly to ensure that
good housekeeping measures are being implemented. Cover-garments, foot mats, and other
devices used to collect residual material near the area should be cleaned regularly.
Other effective practices include the following:
• Brushing off clothing before leaving the area
i -
• Stomping feet to remove material before leaving the area
• Using floor mats at area exits .
• Using coveralls, smocks, and other overgarments in areas where exposure to material is of
greatest concern (employees should remove the overgarments before leaving the area)
• Posting signs to remind employees about these practices.
Advantages of Area Control Procedures
• Are easy
• Result in
to implement
a cleaner facility and improved work environment
Disadvantage of Area Control Procedures
• May be seen as tedious by employees and therefore may not be followed
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Chapter 4-S/te-Specffic Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Vehicle Washing
Materials that accumulate on vehicles and then scatter across industrial sites represent an
important source of storm water contamination. Vehicle washing removes materials such as site-
specific dust and spilled materials that have accumulated on the vehicle. If not removed, residual
material will be spread by gravity, wind, snow, or rainfall as the vehicles move across the facility
site and off the site.
FIGURE 4-9 TRUCK WASHING AREA
When and Where to Use It
This practice is appropriate for any facility where vehicles come into contact with raw materials on
a site. If possible, the vehicle washing area should be built near the location where the most
vehicle activity occurs. Wastewater from vehicle washing should be directed away from process
materials to prevent contact. Those areas include material transfer areas, loading and unloading
areas, or areas located just before the site exit.
What to Consider
When considering the method of vehicle washing, the facility should consider using a high-pressure
water spray with no detergent additives. In general, water will adequately remove contaminants
from the vehicle. If detergents are used, they may cause other environmental impacts. Phosphate-
or organic-containing compounds should be avoided.
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
if this practice is considered, truck wash waters will result in a non-storm water discharge, thus
requiring an application for an NPDES permit to cover the discharge.
Blowers or vacuums should be considered where the materials are dry and easily removed by air.
Advantages of Vehicle Washing
• Prevents dispersion of materials across the facility site
* Is necessary only where methods for transferring contained materials
exposure have not been successfully adopted and implemented
and minimizing
Disadvantages of Vehicle Washing
• May be costly to construct a truck washing facility
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
4.5 SEDIMENT AND EROSION PREVENTION PRACTICES
Any site where soils~are exposed to water, wind or ice can have soil erosion and sedimentation
problems. Erosion is a natural process in which soil and rock material is loosened and removed.
Sedimentation occurs when soil particles are suspended in surface runoff or wind and are deposited
in streams and other water bodies.
Human activities can accelerate erosion by removing vegetation, compacting or disturbing the soil,
changing natural drainage patterns, and by covering the ground with impermeable surfaces
(pavement, concrete, buildings). When the land surface is developed or "hardened" in this manner,
storm water and snowmelt can not seep into or "infiltrate" the ground. This results in larger
amounts of water moving more quickly across a site which can carry more sediment and other
pollutants to streams and rivers. < .
EPA's General Permit requires that all industries identify in their Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Plans areas that may have a high potential for soil erosion. This includes areas with such heavy
activity that plants cannot grow, soil stockpiles, stream banks, steep slopes, construction areas,
demolition areas, and any area where the soil is disturbed, denuded (stripped of plants), and subject
to wind and water erosion. EPA further requires that you take steps to limit this erosion.
There are seven ways to limit and control sediment and erosion on your site:
• Leave as much vegetation (plants) onsite as possible. '
• Minimize the time that soil is exposed.
• Prevent runoff from flowing across disturbed areas (divert the flow to vegetated areas).
• Stabilizing the disturbed soils as soon as possible.
• Slow down the runoff flowing across the site.
• Provide drainage ways for the increased runoff (use grassy swales rather than concrete
drains).
• Remove sediment from storm water runoff before it leaves the site.
Using these measures to control erosion and sedimentation is an important part of storm water
management. Selecting the best set of sediment and erosion prevention measures for your
industry depends upon the nature of the activities on your site (i.e., how much construction or land
disturbance there is) and other site-specific conditions (soil type, topography, climate, and season).
Section 4.5.1 discusses some temporary and permanent ways to stabilize your site. Section 4.5.2
describes more structural ways to control sediment and erosion:
In some arid regions, growing vegetation to prevent erosion may be difficult. The local Soil
Conservation Service Office or County Extension Office can provide information on any special
measures necessary to promote the establishment of vegetation.
4.5.1 Vegetative Practices
Preserving existing vegetation or revegetatihg disturbed soil as soon as possible after construction
is the most effective way to control erosion. A vegetation cover reduces erosion potential in four
ways: (1) by shielding the soil surface from direct erosive impact of raindrops; (2) by improving
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
the soil's water storage porosity and capacity so more water can infiltrate into the ground; (3) by
slowing the runoff and allowing the sediment to drop out or deposit; and (4) by physically holding
the soil in place with- plant roots.
Vegetative cover can be grass, trees, shrubs, bark, mulch, or straw. Grasses are the most
common type of cover used for revegetation because they grow quickly, providing erosion
protection within days. Other soil stabilization practices such as straw or mulch may be used
during non-growing seasons to prevent erosion. Newly planted shrubs and trees establish root
systems more slowly, so keeping existing ones is a more effective practice.
Vegetative and other site stabilization practices .can be either temporary or permanent controls.
Temporary controls provide a cover for exposed or disturbed areas for short periods of time or until
permanent erosion controls are put in place. Permanent vegetative practices are used when
activities that disturb the soil are completed or when erosion is occurring on a site that is otherwise
stabilized. The remainder of this section describes the common vegetative practices listed below:
• Preservation of Natural Vegetation
• Buffer Zones
• Stream Bank Stabilization
• Mulching, Matting, and Netting
• Temporary Seeding
• Permanent Seeding and Planting
• Sodding
• Chemical Stabilization.
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Preservation of Natural Vegetation
The preservation of natural vegetation (existing trees, vines, brushes, and grasses) provides natural
buffer zones. By preserving stabilized areas, it minimizes erosion potential, protects water quality,".
and provides aesthetic benefits. This practice is used as a permanent control measure.
When and Where to Use It
This technique is applicable to all types of sites. Areas where preserving vegetation can be
particularly beneficial are fioodplains, wetlands, stream banks, steep slopes, and other areas where
erosion controls would be difficult to establish, install, or maintain..
What to Consider
Preservation of vegetation on a site should be planned before any site disturbance begins.
Preservation requires good site management to minimize the impact of construction activities on
existing vegetation. Clearly mark the trees to be preserved and protect them from ground
disturbances around the base of the tree. Proper maintenance is important to ensure healthy
vegetation that can control erosion. Different species, soil types, and climatic conditions will
require different maintenance activities such as mowing, fertilizing, liming, irrigation, pruning, and
weed and pest control. Some State/local regulations require natural vegetation to be preserved in
sensitive areas; consult the appropriate State/local agencies for more information on their
regulations. Maintenance should be performed regularly, especially during construction.
Advantages of Preservation of Natural Vegetation
• Can handle higher quantities of storm water runoff than newly seeded areas
« Does not require time to establish (i.e., effective immediately)
• Increases the filtering capacity because the vegetation and root structure are usually
denser in preserved natural vegetation than in newly seeded or base areas
• Enhances aesthetics
* Provides areas for infiltration, reducing the quantity and velocity of storm water runoff
• Allows areas where wildlife can remain undisturbed
• Provides noise buffers and screens for onsite operations
• Usually requires less maintenance (e.g., irrigation, fertilizer) than planting new vegetation
Disadvantages of Preservation of Natural Vegetation
• Requires planning to preserve and maintain the existing vegetation
• May not be cost effective with high land costs
• May constrict area available for construction activities
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
1. Vegetation absorbs the energy of falling rain
2. Roots hold soil particles in place
3. Vegetation helps to maintain
absorbtive capacity
4. Vegetation slows the velocity of runoff
and acts as a filter to catch sediment
FIGURE 4.10 BENEFITS OF PRESERVING NATURAL VEGETATION
(Modified from Washington State, 1992}
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BAfPs
Buffer Zones
What Are They
Buffer zones are vegetated strips of land used for temporary or permanent water quality benefits.
Buffer zones are used to decrease the velocity of storm water runoff, which in turn helps to
prevent soil erosion. Buffer zones are different from vegetated filter strips (see section on
Vegetated Filter Strips) because buffer zone effectiveness is not measured by its ability to improve
infiltration (allow water to go into the ground). The buffer zone can be an area of vegetation that
is left undisturbed during construction, or it can be newly planted. .
FIGURE 4.11 EXAMPLE BUFFER ZONE
(Modified from Washington State, 1992)
When and Where to Use Them
Buffer zones technique can be used at any site that can support vegetation. Buffer zones are
particularly effective on floodplains, next to wetlands, along stream banks, and on steep, unstable
slopes.
What to Consider
If buffer zones are preserved, existing vegetation, good planning, and site management are needed
to protect against disturbances such as grade changes, excavation, damage from equipment, and
other activities. Establishing new buffer strips 'requires the establishment of a good dense turf,
trees, and shrubs (see Permanent Seeding and Planting). Careful maintenance is important to
ensure healthy vegetation. The need for routine maintenance such as mowing, fertilizing, liming,
irrigating, pruning, and weed and pest control will depend on the species of plants and trees
involved, soil types, and climatic conditions. Maintaining planted areas may require debris removal
and protection against unintended uses or traffic. Many State/local storm water program or zoning
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Chapter 4— Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
agencies have regulations which define required or allowable buffer zones especially near sensitive
areas such as wetlands. Contact the appropriate State/local agencies for their requirements.
Advantages of Buffer Zones
• Provide aesthetic as well as water quality benefits
• Provide areas for infiltration, which reduces amount and speed of-storm water runoff
• Provide areas for wildlife habitat
• Provide areas for recreation
• Provide buffers and screens for onsite noise if trees or large bushes are used
• Low maintenance requirements
• Low cost when using existing vegetation
Disadvantages of Buffer Zones
• May not be cost effective to use if the cost of land is high
• Are not feasible if land is not available
• Require plant growth before they are effective
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Chapter 4-Sita-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Stream Bank Stabilization
Stream bank stabilization is used to prevent stream bank erosion from high velocities and quantities
of storm water runoff. Typical methods include the following:
• Riprap-Large angular stones placed along the stream bank or lake
• Gabion-Rock-filled wire cages that are used to create a new stream bank
• Reinforced Concrete-Concrete bulkheads and retaining walls that replace natural stream
banks and create a nonerosive surface
• Log Cribbing-Retaining walls built of logs to anchor the soils against erosive forces. Usually
built on the outside of stream bends
• Grid Pavers-Precast or poured-in-place concrete units that are placed along stream banks to
stabilize the stream bank and create open spaces where vegetation can be established
• Asphalt-Asphalt paving that is placed along the natural stream bank to create a nonerosive
surface.
When and Where to Use It
Stream bank stabilization is used where vegetative stabilization practices are not practical and
where the stream banks are subject to heavy erosion from increased flows or disturbance during
construction. Stabilization should occur before any land development in the watershed area.
Stabilization can also be retrofitted when erosion of a stream bank occurs.
What to Consider
Stream bank stabilization structures should be planned and designed by a professional engineer
licensed in the State where the site is located. Applicable Federal, State, and local requirements
should be followed, including Clean Water Act Section 404 regulations. An important design
feature of stream bank stabilization methods is the foundation of the structure; the potential for the
stream to erode the sides and bottom of the channel should be considered to make sure the
stabilization measure will be supported properly. Structures can be designed to protect and
improve natural wildlife habitats; for example, log structures and grid pavers can be designed to
keep vegetation. Only pressure-treated wood should be used in log structures. Permanent
structures should be designed to handle expected flood conditions. A well-designed layer of stone
can be used in many ways and in many locations to control erosion and sedimentation. Riprap
protects soil from erosion and is often used on steep slopes built with fill materials that are subject
to harsh weather or seepage. Riprap can also be used for flow channel liners, inlet and outlet
protection at culverts, stream bank protection, and protection of shore lines subject to wave action.
It is used where water is turbulent and fast flowing and where soil may erode under the design .
flow conditions. It is used to expose the water to air as well as to reduce water energy. Riprap
and gabion (wire mesh cages filled with rock) are usually placed over a filter blanket (i.e., a gravel
layer or filter cloth). Riprap is either a uniform size or graded (different sizes) and is usually applied
in an even layer throughout the stream. Reinforced concrete structures may require positive
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Grid Pavers
Galvanized Wire Mesh
Capping
Stone Fill
Cross Logs
floor Planking
(Bottom Only)
I Log snug against bank
as much as possible
Side View
Log Cribbing
ftOCX FILL
EXISTING SANKLINE
Riprap
S48ions
Original
River Bed
Eroded Rive
Bed
Gabion
FIGURE 4.12 EXAMPLES OF STREAM BANK STABILIZATION PRACTICES
(Modified from Commonwealth of Virginia, 1980, and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1990)
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drainage behind the bulkhead or retaining wall to prevent erosion around the structure. Gabion and
grid pavers should be installed according to manufacturers' recommendations.
Stream bank stabilization structures should be inspected regularly and after each large storm event.
Structures should be maintained as installed. Structural damage should be repaired as soon as
possible to prevent further damage or erosion to the stream bank.
Advantages of Stream Bank Stabilization
• Can provide control -against erosive forces caused by the increase in storm water flows
created during land development
• Usually will not require as much maintenance as vegetative erosion controls
• May provide wildlife habitats . -
• Forms a dense, flexible, self-healing cover that will adapt well to uneven surfaces (riprap)
Disadvantages of Stream Bank Stabilization
• Does not provide the water quality or aesthetic benefits that vegetative practices could
• Should be designed by qualified professional engineers, which may increase project costs
• May be expensive (materials costs) ,
• May require additional permits for structure
« May alter stream dynamics which cause changes in the channel downstream
• May cause negative impacts to wildlife habitats
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Mulching, Matting, and Netting
What Are They
Mulching is a temporary soil stabilization or erosion control practice where materials such as grass,
hay, woodchips, wood fibers, straw, or gravel are placed on the soil surface. In addition to
stabilizing soils, mulching can reduce the speed of storm water runoff over an area. When used
together with seeding or planting, mulching can aid in plant growth by holding the seeds, fertilizers,
and topsoil in place, by preventing birds from eating seeds, helping to retain moisture, and by
insulating against extreme temperatures. Mulch mattings are materials (jute or other wood fibers)
that have been formed into sheets of mulch that are more stable than normal mulch. Netting is
typically made from jute, other wood fiber, plastic, paper, or cotton and can be used to hold the
mulching and matting to the ground. Netting can also be used alone to stabilize soils while the
plants are growing; however, it does not retain moisture or temperature well. Mulch binders (either
asphalt or synthetic) are sometimes used instead of netting to hold loose mulches together.
Shallow
Slept
Sttop
Slope
Ditch ...
FIGURE 4.13 ORIENTATION OF MULCH NETTING AND MATTING
(Modified from County of Fairfax, 1987)
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When and Where to Use Them
Mulching is often used alone in areas where temporary seeding cannot be used because of the
season or climate. Mulching can provide immediate, effective, and inexpensive erosion control. On
steep slopes and critical areas such as waterways, mulch matting is used with netting or anchoring
to hold it in place.
Mulch seeded and planted areas where slopes are steeper than 2:1, where runoff is flowing across
the area, or when seedlings need protection from bad weather.
What to Consider
Use of mulch may or may not require a binder, netting, or the tacking of mulch to the ground.
Effective netting and matting require firm, continuous contact between the materials and the soil.
If there is no contact, the material will not hold the soil and erosion will occur underneath the
material. Final grading is not necessary before mulching. Mulched areas should be inspected often
to find where mulched material has been loosened or removed. Such areas should be reseeded (if
necessary) and the mulch cover replaced immediately. Mulch binders should be applied at rates
recommended by the manufacturer or, if asphalt is used, at rates of approximately 480 gallons per
acre (Arapahoe County, 1988).
Advantages of Mulching, Matting, and Netting
• Provide immediate protection to soils that are exposed and that are subject to heavy
erosion
• Retain moisture, which may minimize the need for watering
• Require no removal because of natural deterioration of mulching and matting
Disadvantages of Mulching, Matting, and Netting
May delay germination of some seeds because cover reduces the soil surface temperature
Netting should be removed after usefulness is finished, then landfilled or composted
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Chapter 4—Site-Spec/fic Industrial Storm Water BMPs
-Temporary Seeding
Temporary seeding means growing a short-term vegetative cover (plants) on disturbed site areas
that may.be in danger of erosion. The purpose of temporary seeding is to reduce erosion and
sedimentation by stabilizing disturbed areas that will not be stabilized for long periods of time or
where permanent plant growth is not necessary or appropriate. This practice uses fast-growing
grasses whose root systems hold down the soils so that they are less apt to be carried offsite by
storm water runoff or wind. Temporary seeding also reduces the problems associated with mud
and dust from bare soil surfaces during construction.
1. Hydro-seeding
2. Standard Seeding
3. Hand Seeding or
Broadcast Seeding
FIGURE 4.14 SEEDING PRACTICES
(Modified from Washington State, 1992)
When and Where to Use it
Temporary seeding should be performed on areas which have been disturbed by construction and
which are likely to be redisturbed, but not for several weeks or more. Typical areas might include
denuded areas, soil stockpiles, dikes, dams, sides of sediment basins, and temporary roadbanks.
Temporary seeding should take place as soon as practicable after the last land disturbing activity in
an area. Check the requirements of your permit for the maximum amount of time allowed between
the last disturbance of an area and temporary stabilization. Temporary seeding may not be an
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Chapter 4-Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
effective practice in arid and semi-arid regions where the climate prevents fast plant growth,
particularly during the dry seasons. In those areas, mulching or chemical stabilization may be
better for the short-term (see sections on Mulching, Geotextiles, and Chemical Stabilization).
What to Consider
Proper seed bed preparation and the use of high-quality seed are needed to grow plants for
effective erosion control. Soil that has been compacted by heavy traffic or machinery may need to
be loosened. Successful growth usually requires that the soil be tilled before the seed is applied.
Topsoiling is not necessary for temporary seeding; however, it may improve the chances of
establishing temporary vegetation in an area. Seed bed preparation may also require applying
fertilizer and/or lime to the soil to make conditions more suitable for plant growth. Proper fertilizer,
seeding mixtures, and seeding rates vary depending on the location of the site, soil types, slopes,
and season. Local suppliers. State and local regulatory agencies, and the USDA Soil Conservation
Service will supply information on the best seed mixes and soil conditioning methods.
Seeded areas should be covered with mulch to provide protection from the weather. Seeding on
slopes of 2:1 or more, in adverse soil conditions, during excessively hot or dry weather, or where
heavy rain is expected should be followed by spreading mulch (see section on Mulching). Frequent
inspections are necessary to check that conditions for growth are good. If the plants do not grow
quickly or thick enough to prevent erosion, the area should be reseeded as soon as possible.
Seeded areas should be kept adequately moist. If normal rainfall will not be enough, mulching,
matting, and controlled watering should be done. If seeded areas are watered, watering rates
should be watched so that over-irrigation (which can cause erosion itself) does not occur.
Advantages of Temporary Seeding .
• Is generally inexpensive and easy to do
• Establishes plant cover fast when conditions are good
• Stabilizes soils well, is aesthetic, and can provide sedimentation
areas
• May help reduce costs of maintenance on other erosion controls
may need to be cleaned out less often)
controls for other site
(e.g., sediment basins
Disadvantages of Temporary Seeding
• Depends heavily on the season and rainfall rate for success
<•-
• May require extensive fertilizing of plants grown on some soils, which can cause problems
with local water quality .
• Requires protection from heavy use, once seeded
• May produce vegetation that requires irrigation and maintenance
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Permanent Seeding and Planting
Permanent seeding of grass and planting trees and brush provides stabilization to the soil by
holding soil particles in place. Vegetation reduces sediments and runoff to downstream areas by
slowing the velocity of runoff and permitting greater infiltration of the runoff. Vegetation also
filters sediments, helps the soil absorb water, improves wildlife habitats, and enhances the
aesthetics of a site.
AFTBR
RGURE 4.15 ESTABLISHING PERMANENT COVER WITH
VEGETATION
(Modified from State of North Carolina, 1988}
When and Where to Use It
Permanent seeding and planting is appropriate for any graded or cleared area where long-lived plant
cover is desired. Some areas where permanent seeding is especially important are filter strips,
buffer areas, vegetated swales, steep slopes, and stream banks. This practice is effective on areas
where soils are unstable because of their texture, structure, a high water table, high winds, or high
slope. When seeding in northern areas during fall or winter, cover the area with mulch to provide a
protective barrier against cold weather (see Mulching). Seeding should also be mulched if the
seeded area slopes 4:1 or more, if soil is sandy or clayey, or if weather is excessively hot or dry.
Plant when conditions are most favorable for growth. When possible, use low-maintenance local
plant species. Install all other erosion control practices such as dikes, basins, and surface runoff
control measures before planting.
What to Consider
For this practice to work, it is important to select appropriate vegetation, prepare a good seedbed,
properly time planting, and water and fertilize. Planting local plants during their regular growing
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season will increase the chances for success and may lessen the need for watering. Check seeded
areas frequently for proper watering and growth conditions.
Topsoil should be used on areas where topsoils have been removed, where the soils are dense or
impermeable, or where mulching and fertilizers alone cannot improve soil quality. Topsoiling should
be coordinated with the seeding and planting practices and should •not be planned while the ground
is frozen or too wet. Topsoil layers should be at least 2 inches deep (or similar to the existing
topsoil depth).
' ' /
To minimize erosion and sedimentation, remove as little existing topsoil as possible. All site
controls should be in place before the topsoil is removed. If topsoils are brought in from another
site, it is important that its texture is compatible with the subsoils onsite; for example, sandy
topsoils are not compatible with clay subsoils.
Stockpiling of topsoils onsite requires good planning so soils will not obstruct other operations. If
soil is to be stockpiled, consider using temporary seeding, mulching, or silt fencing to prevent or
control erosion. Inspect the stockpiles frequently for erosion. After topsoil has been spread,
inspect it regularly, and reseed or replace areas that have eroded.
Advantages of Permanent Seeding and Planting
• Improves the aesthetics of a site
• Provides excellent stabilization
• Provides filtering of sediments
• Provides wildlife habitat
• Is relatively inexpensive
Disadvantages of Permanent Seeding
and Planting
• May require irrigation to establish vegetation
• Depends initially on climate and weather for success
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Sodding
Sodding stabilizes an area by establishing permanent vegetation, providing erosion and
sedimentation controls, and providing areas where storm water can infiltrate the ground.
SODDING
^ _, i. ^ay sag in a staggered
' «• • I pattern..
» *»^* ... > •••
ROLL sod lontdilttly WATER to 1 'd«BtH
MOW trtmn th« tag 1s
FIGURE 4.16 SODDING
(Modification from County of Fairfax, 1987)
When and Where to Use It
Sodding is appropriate for any graded or cleared area that might erode and where a permanent,
long-lived plant cover is needed immediately. Examples of where sodding can be used are buffer
zones, stream banks, dikes, swales, slopes, outlets, level spreaders, and filter strips.
What to Consider
The soil surface should be fine-graded before laying down the sod. Topsoil may be needed in areas
where the soil textures are inadequate (see topsoil discussion in section on Permanent Seeding and
Planting). Lime and fertilizers should be added to the soil to promote good growth conditions.
Sodding can be applied in alternating strips or other patterns, or alternate areas can be seeded to
reduce expense. Sod should not be planted during very hot or wet weather. Sod should not be
placed on slopes that are greater than 3:1 if they are to be mowed. If placed on steep slopes, sod
should be laid with staggered joints and/or be pegged. In areas such as steep slopes or next to
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running waterways, chicken wire, jute, or other netting can be placed over the sod for extra
protection against lifting (see Mulching, Matting, and Netting). Rolled or compact immediately after
installation to ensure firm contact with the underlying topsoil. Inspect the sod frequently after it is
first installed, especially after large storm events, until it is established as permanent cover.
Remove and replace dead sod. Watering may be necessary after planting and during periods of
intense heat and/or lack of rain.
Advantages of Sodding
• Can provide immediate vegetative cover and erosion control
• Provides more stabilizing protection than initial seeding through dense cover formed by sod
• Produces lower weed growth than seeded vegetation
• Can be used for site activities within a shorter time than can seeded vegetation
• Can be placed at any time of the year as long as moisture conditions in the soil are
favorable, except when the ground is frozen
Disadvantages' of Sodding
• Purchase and installation costs are higher than for seeding
• May require continued irrigation if the sod is placed during dry seasons or on sandy soils
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•- Chemical Stabilization
Chemical stabilization practices, often referred to as a chemical mulch, soil binder, or soil palliative,
are temporary erosion control practices. Materials made of vinyl, asphalt, or rubber are sprayed
onto the surface of the soil to hold the soil in place and protect against erosion from storm water
runoff and wind. Many of the products used for chemical stabilization are human-made, and many
different products are on the market.
When and Where to Use It
Chemical stabilization can be used as an alternative in areas where temporary seeding practices
cannot be used because of the season or climate. It can provide immediate, effective, and
inexpensive erosion control anywhere erosion is occurring on a site.
What to Consider
The application rates and procedures recommended by the manufacturer of a chemical stabilization
product should be followed as closely as possible to prevent the products from forming ponds and
from creating large areas where moisture cannot get through.
Advantages of Chemical Stabilization
Is easily applied to the surface of the soil
Is effective in stabilizing areas where plants will not grow
Provides immediate protection to soils that are in danger of erosion
Disadvantages of Chemical Stabilization
• Can create impervious surfaces (where water cannot get through), which may in turn
increase the amount and speed of storm water runoff
* May cause harmful effects on water quality if not used correctly
• Is usually more expensive than vegetative cover '
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4.5.2 Structural Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control Practices
Structural practices used in sediment and erosion control divert storm water flows away from
exposed areas, convey runoff, prevent sediments from moving off site, and can also reduce the
erosive forces of runoff waters. The controls can either be used as permanent or temporary
measures. Practices discussed include the following:
• Interceptor Dikes and Swales
• Pipe Slope Drains
• Subsurface Drains
• Filter Fence
• Straw Bale Barrier
• Brush Barrier
• Gravel or Stone Filter Berm
• Storm Drain Inlet Protection
• Sediment Trap
• Temporary Sediment Basin
• Outlet Protection
• Check Dams .
• Surface Roughening
• Gradient Terraces.
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Interceptor Dikes and Swales
What Are They
Interceptor dikes (ridges of compacted soil) and swales (excavated depressions) are used to keep
upslope runoff from crossing areas where there is a high risk of erosion. They reduce the amount
and speed of flow and then guide it to a stabilized outfall (point of discharge) (see section on Outlet
Protection) or sediment trapping area (see sections on Level Spreaders, Vegetated Filter Strips,
Sediment Traps, and Temporary Sediment Basins). Interceptor dikes and swales divert runoff using
a combination of earth dike and vegetated swale. Runoff is channeled away from locations where
there is a high risk of erosion by placing a diversion dike or swale at the top of a sloping disturbed
area. Dikes and swales also collect overland flow, changing it into concentrated flows (i.e., flows
that are combined). Interceptor dikes and swales can be either temporary or permanent storm
water control structures.
TRAPEZOIDAL CROSS-SECTION
PARABOLIC CROSS-SECTION
FIGURE 4.17 TYPICAL INTERCEPTOR DIKES AND SWALES
(Modified from State of Maryland, 1983)
When and Where to Use Them
Interceptor dikes and swales are generally built around the perimeter of a construction site before
any major soil disturbing activity takes place. Temporary dikes or swales may also be used to
protect existing buildings; areas, such as stockpiles; or other small areas that have not yet been
fully stabilized. When constructed along the upslope perimeter of a disturbed or high-risk area
(though not necessarily all the way around it), dikes or swales prevent runoff from uphill areas from
crossing the unprotected slope. Temporary dikes or swales constructed on the down slope side of
the disturbed or high-risk area will prevent runoff that contains sediment from leaving the site
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before sediment is removed. For short slopes, a dike or swale at the top of the slope reduces the
amount of runoff reaching the disturbed area. For longer slopes, several dikes or swales are placed
across the slope at intervals. This practice reduces the amount of runoff that accumulates on the
face of the slope and carries the runoff safely down the slope. In all cases, runoff is guided to a
sediment trapping area or a stabilized outfall before release.
What to Consider
Temporary dikes and swales are used in areas of overland flow; if they remain in place longer than
15 days, they should be stabilized. Runoff channeled by a dike or swale should be directed to an
adequate sediment trapping area or stabilized outfall. Care should be taken to provide enough
slope for drainage but not too much slope to cause erosion due to high runoff flow speed.
Temporary interceptor dikes and swales may remain in place as long as 12 to 18 months (with
proper stabilization) or be rebuilt at the end of each day's activities. Dikes or swales should remain
in place until the area they were built to protect is permanently stabilized. Interceptor dikes and
swales can be permanent controls. However, permanent controls: should be designed to handle
runoff after construction is complete; should be permanently stabilized; and should be inspected
and maintained on a regular basis. Temporary and permanent control measures should be
inspected once each week on a regular schedule and after every storm. Repairs necessary to the
dike and flow channel should be made promptly.
Advantages of Interceptor Dikes and Swales
• Are simple and effective for channeling runoff away from areas subject to erosion
• Can handle flows from large drainage areas
• Are inexpensive, because they use materials and equipment normally found onsite
Disadvantages of Interceptor Dikes and Swales
• If constructed improperly, can cause erosion and sediment transport since flows are
concentrated -
• May cause problems to vegetation growth if water flow is too fast
• Require additional maintenance, inspections, and repairs
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Pipe Slope Drains
What Are They
Pipe slope drains reduce the risk of erosion by discharging runoff to stabilized areas. Made of
flexible or rigid pipe, they carry concentrated runoff from the top to the bottom of a slope that has
already been damaged by erosion or is at high risk for erosion. They are also used to drain
saturated slopes that have the potential for soil slides. Pipe slope drains can be either temporary or
permanent depending on the method of installation and material used.
Discharge into a
stabilised vatarcourse
stabilsed vttarcourse,
atdiaont trapping- device,
or onto * stabilized area
FIGURE 4.18 FLEXIBLE PIPE SLOPE DRAIN
(Modified from State of Maryland, 1983)
When and Where to Use Them
Pipe slope drains are used whenever it is necessary to convey water down a slope without causing
erosion. They are especially effective before a slope has been stabilized or before permanent
drainage structures are ready for use. Pipe slope drains may be used with other devices, including
diversion dikes or swales, sediment traps, and level spreaders (used to spread out storm water
runoff uniformly over the surface of the ground). Temporary pipe slope drains, usually flexible
tubing or conduit, may be installed prior to the construction of permanent drainage structures.
Permanent slope drains may be placed on or beneath the ground surface; pipes, sectional
downdrains, paved chutes, or clay tiles may be used.
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Chapter 4-Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Paved chutes may be covered with a surface of concrete or other impenetrable material.
Subsurface drains can be constructed of concrete, PVC, clay tile, corrugated metal, or other
permanent material.-
What to Consider
The drain design should be able to handle the volume of flow. The effective life span of a
temporary pipe slope drain is up to 30 days after permanent stabilization has been achieved. The
maximum recommended drainage area for pipe slope drains is 10 acres (Washington State, 1992).
The inlets and outlets of a pipe slope drain should be stabilized. This means that a flared end
section should be used at the entrance of the pipe. The soil around the pipe entrance should be
fully compacted. The soil at the discharge end of the pipe should be stabilized with riprap (a
combination of large stones, cobbles, and boulders). The riprap should be placed along the bottom
of a swale which leads to a sediment trapping structure or another stabilized area.
Pipe slope drains should be inspected on a regular schedule and after any major storm. Be sure
that the inlet from the pipe is properly installed to prevent bypassing the inlet and undercutting the
structure. If necessary, install a headwall, riprap, or sandbags around the inlet. Check the outlet
point for erosion and check the pipe for breaks or clogs. Install outlet protection if needed and
promptly clear breaks and clogs.
Advantages of Pipe Slope Drains
• Can reduce or eliminate erosion by transporting runoff down steep
saturated soils
• Are easy to install and require little maintenance
slopes or by draining
Disadvantages of Pipe Slope Drains
• Require that the area disturbed by the installation of the drain should be stabilized or it,
too, will be subject to erosion
• May clog during a large storm
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Subsurface Drains
What Are They
A subsurface drain is a perforated pipe or conduit placed beneath the surface of the ground at a
designed depth and grade. It is used to drain an area by lowering the water table. A high water
table can saturate soils and prevent the growth of certain types of vegetation. Saturated soils on
slopes will sometimes "slip" down the hill. Installing subsurface drains can help prevent these
problems.
Random Pattern
v
Wet Areas
Outlet
Herringbone Pattern
V
Parallel Pattern
Lateral
Outlet
Main —,
.-,i,:ij«%^>,
• iBjf - -H-
t
*
Outlet
Typical Subsurface Drain Patterns
•Water Table Before Drainage
-Water Table After Drainage
-Interceptor Drain
-Seepage Area
'// / ///'/// .Impermeable MXer
Effect of Subsurface Drains on Water Table
FIGURE 4.19 SUBSURFACE DRAINS
(Modified from Commonwealth of Virginia, 1980)
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Chapter 4-Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
When and Where to Use Them
There are two types of subsurface drains: relief drains and interceptor drains. 'Relief drains are
used to dewater an area where the water table is high. They may be placed in a gridiron,
herringbone, or random pattern. Interceptor drains are used to remove water where sloping soils
are excessively wet or subject to slippage. They are usually placed as single pipes instead of in
patterns. Generally, subsurface drains are suitable only in areas where the soil is deep enough for
proper installation. They are not recommended where they pass under heavy vehicle crossings.
What to Consider
Drains should be placed so that tree roots will not interfere with drainage pipes. The drain design
should be adequate to handle the volume of flow. Areas disturbed by the installation of a drain
should be stabilized or they, too, will be subject to erosion. The soil layer must be deep enough to
allow proper installation. .
Backfill immediately after the pipe is placed. Material used for backfill should be open granular soil
that is highly permeable. The outlet should be stabilized and should direct sediment-laden storm
water runoff to a sediment trapping structure or another stabilized area.
Inspect subsurface drains on a regular schedule and check for evidence of pipe breaks or clogging
by sediment, debris, or tree roots. Remove blockage immediately, replace any broken sections, and
restabilize the surface. If the blockage is from tree roots, it may be necessary to relocate the drain.
'Check inlets and outlets for sediment or debris. Remove and dispose of these materials properly.
Advantages of Subsurface Drains
• Provide an effective method for stabilizing wet sloping soils
• Are an effective way to lower the water table
Disadvantages of Subsurface Drains
• May be pierced and clogged by tree roots
• Should not be installed under heavy vehicle crossings
• Cost more than surface drains because of the expenses of excavation for installation
September 1992
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Chapter 4—Site-Specffic Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Filter Fence
A silt fence, also called a "filter fence," is a temporary measure for sedimentation control. It
usually consists of posts with filter fabric stretched across the posts and sometimes with a wire
support fence. The lower edge of the fence is vertically trenched and covered by backfill. A silt
fence is used in small drainage areas to detain sediment. These fences are most effective where
there is overland flow (runoff that flows over the surface of the ground as a thin, even layer) or in
minor swales or drainageways. They prevent sediment from entering receiving waters. Silt fences
are also used to catch wind blown sand and to create an anchor for sand dune creation. Aside
from the traditional wooden post and filter fabric method, there are several variations of silt fence
installation including silt fence which can be purchased with pockets presewn to accept use of
steel fence posts. »
Extension of fabric and wire
into the trench
Filter fabric-
tf^'V;
;i>-.V..:
wire
FIGURE 4.20 FILTER FENCE DETAILS
(Modified from State of North Carolina, 1988;
and State of Wisconsin, 1988)
When and Where to Use It
A silt fence should be installed prior to major soil disturbance in the drainage area. Such a
structure is only appropriate for drainage areas of 1 acre or less with velocities of 0.5 cfs or less
(Washington State, 1992). The fence should be placed across the bottom of a slope or minor
drainageway along a line of uniform elevation (perpendicular to the direction of flow). It can be
used at the outer boundary of the work area. However, the fence does not have to surround the
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
work area completely. In addition, a. silt fence is effective where sheet and rill erosion may be a
problem. Silt fences should not be constructed in streams or swales.
What to Consider
A silt fence is not appropriate for a large area or where the flow rate is greater than 0.5 cfs. This {
type of fence can be more effective than a straw bale barrier if properly installed and maintained.
It may be used in combination with other erosion and sediment practices.
The effective life span for a silt fence is approximately 6 months. During this period, the fence
requires frequent inspection and prompt maintenance to maintain its effectiveness. Inspect the
fence after each rainfall. Check for areas where runoff eroded a channel beneath the fence, or
where the fence was caused to sag or collapse by runoff flowing over the top. Remove and
properly dispose of sediment when it is one-third to one-half the height of the fence or after each
storm.
Advantages of a Filter Fence
• Removes sediments and prevents downstream damage from
• Reduces the speed of runoff flow
• Minimal clearing and grubbing required for installation
• Inexpensive
sediment deposits
Disadvantages of a Filter Fence
• May result in failure from improper choice of pore size in the filter fabric or improper
installation
• Should not be used in streams
• Is only appropriate for small drainage areas with overland flow
• Frequent inspection and maintenance is necessary to ensure effectiveness
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Straw Bale Barrier
Straw bales can be used as a temporary sediment barrier. They are placed end to end in a shallow
excavated trench {with no gaps in between) and staked into place. If properly installed, they can
detain sediment and reduce flow velocity from small drainage areas. A straw bale barrier prevents
sediment from leaving the site by trapping the sediment in the barrier while allowing the runoff to
pass through. It can also be used to decrease the velocity of sheetflow or channel flows of low-to-
moderate levels. •
Binding Wire
or Twine
Staked and Entrenched
Straw Bale
•Compacted Soil to
Prevent Piping
Sediment Laden
Runoff
RGURE 4.21 CROSS SECTION OF A PROPERLY INSTALLED
STRAW BALE BARRIER
(Modified from State of Wisconsin, 1988)
When and Where to Use It
A straw bale barrier should be installed prior to major soil disturbance in the drainage area. This
type of barrier is placed perpendicular to the flow, across the bottom of a slope or minor
drainageway where there is sheetflow. It can be used at the perimeter of the work area, although
is does not have to surround it completely. It can also be very effective when used in combination
with other erosion and sediment control practices. A straw bale barrier may be used where the
length of slope behind the barrier is less than 100 feet and where the slope is less than 2:1.
What to Consider
The success of a straw bale barrier depends on proper installation. The bales must be firmly staked
into the entrenchment and the entrenchment must be properly backfilled. To function effectively,
the bales must be placed end to end and there can be no gaps between the bales.
Straw bale barriers are useful for approximately 3 months. They must be inspected and repaired
immediately after each rainfall or daily if there is prolonged rainfall. Damaged straw bates require
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Chapter 4-Site-Sf>6cific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
immediate replacement. After each storm, or on a regular basis, trapped sediments must be
removed and disposed of properly.
Advantages of a Straw Bale Barrier
• Can prevent downstream damage from sediment deposits if properly installed, used, and
maintained
• Can be an inexpensive way to reduce or prevent erosion
Disadvantages of a Straw Bale Barrier
• May not be used in streams or large swales
• Poses a risk of washouts if the barrier is installed improperly or a storm is severe
• Has a short life span and a high inspection and maintenance requirement
• Is appropriate for only small drainage areas
• Is easily subject to misuse and can contribute to sediment problems
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
i f
Brush Barrier
A brush barrier is a temporary sediment barrier constructed from materials resulting from onsite
clearing and grubbing. It is usually constructed at the bottom perimeter of the disturbed area.
Filter fabric is sometimes used as an anchor over the barrier to increase its filtering efficiency.
Brush barriers are used to trap and retain small amounts of sediment by intercepting the flow from
small areas of soil disturbance.
FIGURE 4.22 BRUSH BARRIER
(Modified from Washington State, 1992)
When and Where to Use It
A brush barrier should only be used to trap sediment from runoff which is from a small drainage
area. The slope which the brush barrier is placed across should be very gentle. Do not place a
brush barrier in a swale or any other channel. Brush barriers should be constructed below areas
subject to erosion.
What to Consider
The construction of a brush barrier should be started as soon as clearing and grubbing has
produced enough material to make the structure. Wood chips should not be included in the
material used for the barrier because of the possibility of leaching. When the site has been
stabilized and any excess sediment has been disposed of properly, the filter fabric can be removed.
Over time, natural vegetation will establish itself within the barrier, and the barrier itself will
decompose.
You will not have to maintain the brush barrier unless there is a very large amount of sediment
being deposited. If used, the filter fabric anchor should be checked for tears and the damaged
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Chapter 4-Site-SpecIfic Industrial Storm Water BMPs
sections replaced promptly. The barrier should be inspected after each rainfall and checked for
areas breached by concentrated flow. If necessary, repairs should be made promptly and excess
sediment removed and disposed of properly.
Advantages of a Brush Barrier
• Can help prevent downstream damage from sediment deposits
• Is constructed of cleared onsite materials and, thus, is inexpensive
• Usually requires little maintenance, unless there are very heavy sediment deposits
Disadvantages of a Brush Barrier
• Does not replace a sediment trap or basin
• Is appropriate for only small drainage areas
• Has very limited sediment retention
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Gravel or Stone Filter Berm
A gravel or stone filter berm is a temporary ridge constructed of loose gravel, stone, or crushed
rock. It slows and filters flow, diverting it from an exposed traffic area. Diversions constructed of
compacted soil may be used where there will be little or no construction traffic within the right-of
way. They are also-used for directing runoff from the right-of-way to a stabilized outlet.
Coarse aggregate
FIGURE 4.23 TYPICAL GRAVEL FILLER BERM
(Modified from Commonwealth of Virginia, 1980)
When and Where to Use It
This method is appropriate where roads and other rights-of-way under construction should
accommodate vehicular traffic. Berms are meant for use in areas with shallow slopes. They may
also be used at traffic areas within the construction site.
What to Consider
Berm material should be well graded gravel or crushed rock. The spacing of the berms will depend
on the steepness of the slope: berms should be placed closer together as the slope increases. The
diversion should be inspected daily, after each rainfall, or if breached by construction or other
vehicles. AH needed repairs should be performed immediately. Accumulated sediment should be
removed and properly disposed of and the filter material replaced, as necessary.
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Advantages of a Gravel or Stone Filter Berm
• Is a very efficient method of sediment control
Disadvantages of a Gravel or Stone Filter Berm
• Is more expensive
• Has a very limited
• Can be difficult to
than methods that use onsite materials
life span
maintain because of clogging from mud and soil on vehicle tires
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Chapter 4—Site-Specffic Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Storm Drain Inlet Protection
Storm drain inlet protection is a filtering measure placed around any inlet or drain to trap sediment.
This mechanism prevents the sediment from entering inlet structures. Additionally, it serves to
prevent the silting-in of inlets, storm drainage systems, or receiving channels. Inlet protection may
be composed of gravel and stone with a wire mesh filter, block and gravel, filter fabric, or sod.
'
Flow
Flow
Sod inlet Protection
Drop Inlet
with Graie
Excavated Gravel Inlet Protection
EMBANKMENT
'•'. •' : •
Stakes
Filter Fabric.
Rlter Fabric Inlet Protection Block and Gravel Inlet Protection
FIGURE 4.24 EXAMPLES OF STORM DRAIN INLET PROTECTION
[Modified from State of North Carolina, 1988; Washington State, 1992; and County of Fairfax,
1987)
When and Where to Use It
This type of protection is appropriate for small drainage areas where storm drain inlets will be ready
for use before final stabilization. Storm drain inlet protection is also used where a permanent storm
drain structure is being constructed onsite. Straw bales are not recommended for this purpose.
Rlter fabric is used for inlet protection when storm water flows are. relatively small with low
velocities. This practice cannot be used where inlets are paved because the filter fabric should be
staked. Block and gravel filters can be used where velocities are higher. Gravel and mesh filters
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Chapter 4-Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
can be used where flows are higher and subject to disturbance by site traffic. Sod inlet filters are
generally used where sediments in the storm water runoff are low.
What to Consider
Storm drain inlet protection is not meant for use in drainage areas exceeding 1 acre or for large
concentrated storm water flows. Installation of this measure should take place before any soil
disturbance in the drainage area. The type of material used will depend on site conditions and the
size of the drainage area. Inlet protection should be used in combination with other measures,
such as small impoundments or sediment traps, to provide more effective sediment removal. Inlet
protection structures should be inspected regularly, especially after a rainstorm. Repairs and silt
removal should be performed as necessary. Storm drain inlet protection structures should be
removed only after the disturbed areas are completely stabilized.
Advantages of Storm Drain Inlet Protection
• Prevents clogging of existing storm drainage systems and the siltation of receiving waters
• Reduces the amount of sediment leaving the site
Disadvantages of Storm Drain Inlet Protection
• May be difficult to remove collected sediment
• May cause erosion elsewhere if clogging occurs
• Is practical only for low sediment, low volume flows
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Sediment Trap
A sediment trap is formed by excavating a pond or by placing an earthen embankment across a low
area or drainage swale. An outlet or spillway- is constructed using large stones or aggregate to
slow the release of runoff. The trap retains the runoff long enough to allow most of the silt to
settle out.
Cross-Section AA1
Coarse Aggregate
FIGURE 4.25 TYPICAL SEDIMENT TRAP
(Modified from Commonwealth of Virginia, 1980)
When and Where to Use It
A temporary sediment trap may be used in conjunction with other temporary measures, such as
gravel construction entrances, vehicle wash areas, slope drains, diversion dikes and swales, or
diversion channels. This device is appropriate for sites with short time schedules.
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Chapter 4-Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
What to Consider
Sediment traps are suitable for small drainage areas, usually no more than 10 acres, that have no
unusual drainage features. The trap should be large enough to allow the sediments to settle and
should have a capacity to store the collected sediment until it is removed. The volume of storage
required depends upon the amount and intensity of expected rainfall and on estimated quantities of
sediment in the storm water runoff. Check your Permit to see if it specifies a minimum storage
volume for sediment traps. , ; ,
A sediment trap is effective for approximately 18 months. During this period, the trap should be
readily accessible for periodic maintenance and sediment removal. Traps should be inspected after
each rainfall and cleaned when no more than half the design volume has been filled with collected
sediment. The trap should remain in operation and be properly maintained until.the site area is
permanently stabilized by vegetation and/or when permanent structures are in place.
Advantages of a Sediment Trap
• Protects downstream areas from clogging or damage due to sediment deposits
• Is inexpensive and simple to install •
• Can simplify the design process by trapping sediment at specific spots onsite
Disadvantages of a Sediment Trap
• Is suitable only for a limited area
• Is effective only if properly maintained
• Will not remove very fine silts and clays
« Has a short life span .
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
-Temporary Sediment Basin
A temporary sediment basin is a settling pond with a controlled storm water release structure used
to collect and store sediment produced by construction activities. A sediment basin can be
constructed by excavation or by placing an earthen embankment across a low area or drainage
swale. Sediment basins can be designed to maintain a permanent pool or to drain completely dry.
The basin detains sediment-laden runoff from larger drainage areas long enough to allow most of
the sediment to settle out.
The pond has a gravel outlet or spillway to slow the release of runoff and provide some sediment
filtration. By removing sediment, the basin helps prevent clogging of offsite conveyance systems
and sediment-loading of receiving waterways. In this way, the basin helps prevent destruction of
waterway habitats. .
Control Section
Emergency spillway
should not be
constructed
over fill
wterlal
Plan View
_Minimum Storage
Volume
Sediment
Storage and
Permanent Pool
Cross Section AA1
FIGURE 4.26 TEMPORARY SEDIMENT BASIN
(Modified from Commonwealth of Virginia, 1980)
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
When and Where to Use It
A temporary sediment basin should be installed before clearing and grading is undertaken. It should
hot be built on an embankment in an active stream. The creation of a dam in such a site may
result in the destruction of aquatic habitats. Dam failure can also result in flooding. A temporary
sediment basin should be located only where there is sufficient space and appropriate topography.
The basin should be made large enough to handle the maximum expected amount of site drainage.
Fencing around the basin may be necessary for safety or vandalism reasons.
A temporary sediment basin used in combination with other control measures, such as seeding or
mulching, is especially effective for removing sediments.
What to Consider
Temporary sediment basins are usually designed for disturbed areas larger than 5 acres. The pond
should be large enough to hold runoff long enough for sediment to settle. Sufficient space should
be allowed for collected sediments. Check the requirements of your permit to see if there is a
minimum storage requirement for sediment basins. The useful life of a temporary sediment basin is
about 12 to 18 months.
Sediment trapping efficiency is improved by providing the maximum surface area possible.
Because finer silts may not settle out completely, additional erosion control measures should be
used to minimize release of fine silt. Runoff should enter the basin as far from the outlet as
possible to provide maximum retention time.
Sediment basins should be readily accessible for maintenance and sediment removal. They should
be inspected after each rainfall and be cleaned out when about half the volume has been filled with
sediment. The sediment basin should remain in operation and be properly maintained until the site
area is permanently stabilized by vegetation and/or when permanent structures are in place. The
embankment forming the sedimentation pool should be well compacted and stabilized with
vegetation. If the pond is located near a residential area, it is recommended for safety.reasons that
a sjgn be posted and that the area be secured by a fence. A well built temporary sediment basin
that is large enough to handle the post construction runoff volume may later be converted to use
as a permanent storm water management structure.
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Advantages of a Temporary Sediment Basin
• Protects downstream areas from clogging or damage due to sediment deposits generated
during construction activities
• Can trap smaller sediment particles than sediment traps can because of the longer
detention time
Disadvantages of a Temporary Sediment Basin
• Is generally suitable for small areas
• Requires regular maintenance and cleaning
• Will not remove very fine silts and clays unless used in conjunction with other measures
• Is a more expensive way to remove sediment than several other methods
• Requires careful adherence to safety practices since ponds are attractive to children
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Outlet Protection
Outlet protection reduces the speed of concentrated storm water flows and therefore it reduces
erosion or scouring at storm water outlets and paved channel sections. In addition, outlet
protection lowers the potential for downstream erosion. This type of protection can be achieved
through a variety of techniques, including stone or riprap, concrete aprons, paved sections and
settling basins installed below the storm drain outlet.
Pipe Outlet to Flat Area—
No Well-defined Channel
Pipe Outlet to Well-defined
Channel
FIGURE 4.27 TYPICAL DETAILS FOR ROCK OUTLET
PROTECTION
(Modified from State of North Carolina, 1988)
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
When and Where to Use It
Outlet protection should be installed at all pipe, interceptor dike, swale, or channel section outlets
where the velocity of flow may cause erosion at the pipe outlet and in the receiving channel.
Outlet protection should also be used at outlets where the velocity of flow at the design capacity
may result in plunge pools (small permanent pools located at the inlet to or the outfall from BMPs).
Outlet protection should be installed early during construction activities, but may be added at any
time, as necessary.
What to Consider
The exit velocity of the runoff as it leaves the outlet protection structure should be reduced to
levels that minimize erosion. Outlet protection should be inspected on a regular schedule to look
for erosion and scouring. Repairs should be made promptly. '
Advantages of Outlet Protection
• Provides, with riprap-line apron (the most common outlet protection), a relatively
method that can be installed easily on most sites
• Removes sediment in addition to reducing flow speed
• Can be used at most outlets where the flow speed is high
• Is an inexpensive but effective measure
• Requires less maintenance than many other measures '
low cost
Disadvantages of Outlet Protection
• May be unsightly
• May cause problems in removing sediment (without removing and replacing the outlet
protection structure itself)
* May require frequent maintenance for rock outlets with high velocity flows
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Chapter 4-Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Check Dams
What Are They
A check dam is a small, temporary or permanent dam constructed across a drainage ditch, swale,
or channel to lower the speed of concentrated flows. Reduced runoff speed reduces erosion and
gullying in the channel and allows sediments and other pollutants to settle out.
LOG CHECK DAM
ROCK CHECK DAM
Flow
FIGURE 4.28 TYPICAL CHECK DAMS
(Modified from Commonwealth of Virginia, 1980)
When and Where to Use Them
A check dam should be installed in steeply sloped swales, or in swales where adequate vegetation
cannot be established. A check dam may be built from logs, stone, or pea gravel-filled sandbags.
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
What to Consider
Check dams should !>e used only in small open channels that drain 10 acres or less. The dams
should not be placed in streams (unless approved by appropriate State authorities). The center .
section of the check dam should be lower than the edges. Dams should be spaced so that the toe
of the upstream dam is at the same elevation as the top of the downstream dam.
t
After each significant rainfall, check dams should be inspected for sediment and debris
accumulation. Sediment should be removed when it reaches one half the original dam height.
Check for erosion at edges and repair promptly as required. After construction is complete, all
stone and riprap should be removed if vegetative erosion controls will be used as a permanent
erosion control measure. It will be important to know the expected erosion rates and runoff flow
rate for the swale in which this measure is to be installed. Contact the State/local storm water
program agency or a licensed engineer for assistance in designing this measure.
, Advantages of Check Dams
• Are inexpensive and easy to install
• May be used permanently if designed properly
• Allow a high proportion of sediment in the runoff to settle out
• Reduce velocity and provide aeration of the water
• May be used where it is not possible to divert the flow or otherwise stabilize
the channel
Disadvantages of Check Dams
• May kill grass linings in channels if the water level remains high after it rains
significant sedimentation
• Are useful only for drainage areas of 1 0 acres or less
or if there is
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Surface Roughening
Surface roughening is a temporary erosion control practice. The soil surface is roughened by the
creation of horizontal grooves, depressions, or steps that run parallel to the contour of the land.
Slopes that are not fine-graded and that are left in a roughened condition can also control erosion.
Surface roughening reduces the speed of runoff, increases infiltration, and traps sediment. Surface
roughening also helps establish vegetative cover by reducing runoff velocity and giving seed an
opportunity to take hold and grow. .
Undisturbed Area _
Heavy Equipment can be used to
mechanically scarify slopes
Diversion
Tread grooves of
track perpendicular
to slope direction
Dozer treads create
grooves perpendicular ^^
• to'slope direction
Unvegetated slopes should be temporarily
scarified to minimize runoff velocities
FIGURE 4.29 SURFACE ROUGHENING
(Modified from Washington State, 1992)
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
When and Where to Use It
Surface roughening is appropriate for all slopes. To slow erosion, roughening should be done as
soon as possible after the vegetation has been removed from the slope. Roughening can be used
with both seeding and planting and temporary mulching to stabilize an area. For steeper slopes and
slopes that will be left roughened for longer periods of time, a combination of surface roughening
and vegetation is appropriate.
What to Consider
Different methods can be used to roughen the soil surface on slopes. They include stair-step
grading, grooving (using disks, spring harrows, or teeth on a front-end loader), and tracking (driving
a crawler tractor up and down a slope, leaving the" cleat imprints,parallel to the slope contour). The
selection of an appropriate method depends on the grade of the slope, mowing requirements after
vegetative cover is established, whether the slope was formed by cutting or filling, and type of
equipment available.
Cut slopes with a gradient steeper than 3:1 but less than 2:1 should be stair-step graded or groove
cut. Stair-step grading works well with soils containing large amounts of small rock. Each step
catches material discarded from above and provides a level site where vegetation can grow. Stairs
should be wide enough to work with standard earth moving equipment. Grooving can be done by
any implement that can be safely operated on the slope, including those described above. Grooves
should not be less than 3 inches deep nor more than 15 inches apart. Fill slopes with a gradient
steeper than 3:1 but less than 2:1 should be compacted every 9 inches of depth. The face of the
slope should consist of loose, uncompacted fill 4 to 6 inches deep that can be left rough or can be
grooved as described above, if necessary.
Any cut or filled slope that will be mowed should have a gradient less than 3:1. .Such a slope can
be roughened with shallow grooves parallel to the slope contour by using normal tilling. Grooves
should be close together (less than 10 inches) and not less than 1 inch deep. Any gradient with a
slope greater than 2:1 should be stair-stepped.
It is important to avoid excessive compacting of the soil surface, especially when tracking, because
soil compaction inhibits vegetation growth and causes higher runoff speed. Therefore, it is best to
limit roughening with tracked machinery to sandy soils that do not compact easily and to avoid
tracking on clay soils. Surface roughened areas should be seeded as quickly as possible. Also,
regular inspections should be made of all surface roughened areas, especially after storms. If rills
(small watercourses that have steep sides and are usually only a few inches deep) appear, they
should be filled, graded again, and reseeded immediately. Proper dust control procedures should be
followed when surface roughening.
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Advantages of Surface Roughening
• Provides a degree of instant erosion protection for bare soil while vegetative cover is being
established
• Is inexpensive and simple for short-term erosion control
Disadvantages of Surface Roughening
• Is of limited effectiveness in anything more than a gentle rain
• Is only temporary; if roughening or vegetative cover is washed away in a heavy
the vegetation does not take hold, the surface will have to be re-roughened and
laid .
storm or
new seed
September 1992
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Gradient Terraces
What Are They
Gradient terraces are earth embankments or ridge-and-channels constructed with suitable spacing
and with an appropriate grade. They reduce erosion damage by capturing surface runoff and
directing it to a stable outlet at a speed that minimizes erosion.
SLOPE TO
AQCQUATE OUTLET
FIGURE 4.30 GRADIENT TERRACE
(Washington State, 1992)
When and Where to Use Them
Gradient terraces are usually limited to use on land that has no vegetation and that has a water
erosion problem, or where it is anticipated that water erosion will be a problem. Gradient terraces
should not be constructed on slopes with sandy or rocky soils. They will be effective only where
suitable runoff outlets are or will be made available.
What to Consider
Gradient terraces should be designed and installed according to a plan determined by an
engineering survey and layout. It is important that gradient terraces are designed with adequate
outlets, such as a grassed waterway, vegetated area, or tile outlet. In all cases, the outlet should
direct the runoff from the terrace system to a point where the outflow will not cause erosion or
other damage. Vegetative cover should be used in the outlet where possible. The design elevation
of the water surface of the terrace should not be lower than the design elevation of the water
surface in the outlet at their junction, when both are operating at design, flow. Terraces should be
inspected regularly at least once a year and after major storms. Proper dust control procedures
should be followed while constructing these features.
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Chapter 4-Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Advantages of Gradient Terraces
• Reduce runoff speed and increase the distance of overland runoff flow
• Hold moisture better than do smooth slopes and minimize sediment loading of surface
runoff
Disadvantages of Gradient Terraces
• May significantly increase cut and fill costs and cause sloughing if excessive water
infiltrates the soil . -
• Are not practical for sandy, steep, or shallow soils
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
4.6 INFILTRATION PRACTICES
Infiltration practices~are surface or subsurface measures that allow for quick infiltration of storm
water runoff. Rapid infiltration is possible because the, structures or soils used in these practices
are very porous. Infiltration practices offer an advantage over other practices in that they provide
some treatment of runoff, preserve the natural flow in streams, and recharge ground water. Many
of the infiltration practices also can reduce the velocity of the runoff so that it will not cause
damaging erosion. Another benefit of infiltration practices is that they reduce the need for
expensive storm water conveyance systems.. Construction and maintenance of these practices
may, however, require some level of expertise to prevent clogging and to retain high effectiveness.
The infiltration practices in this section have been divided into two categories: vegetative
infiltration practices and infiltration structures.
Infiltration BMPs are not practical in all cases. These practices should not be used in areas where
runoff is contaminated with pollutants other than sediment or oil and grease. Excessively drained
(i.e., very sandy) soils may provide inadequate treatment of runoff, which could result in ground
water contamination. Other site-specific conditions, such as depth to bedrock or depth to the
water table, could,limit their use or make it impossible to use infiltration BMPs. Also, infiltration
practices should not be installed near wells, foundations, septic tank drainfields, or on unstable
slopes.
Vegetative infiltration practices rely on vegetated soils that are well drained to provide storage for
the infiltration of storm water. Soils used for this practice generally have not previously been
disturbed or compacted so that they more easily allow infiltration. Once vegetation has been
planted, use of the area must be limited or the practice may not operate efficiently. The practices
that are discussed include vegetated filter strips, grassed swales, and level spreaders.
Infiltration structures are built over soils to aid in collection of storm water runoff and are designed
to allow storm water to infiltrate into the ground. These structures generally require a level of
expertise for both their design and construction so that they function properly. Maintenance
activities are very important because infiltration structures are easily damaged by high sediment
loads. Often, infiltration structures are used with other structures that pretreat the storm water
runoff for sediments, oil, and grease. These pretreatment structures may be as simple as a buffer
zone (see Buffer Zones) or may be something more complex, such as an oil and grease separator.
The types of infiltration structures discussed include infiltration trenches, porous pavements,
concrete grids, and modular pavements.
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Chapter 4-Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Vegetated Filter Strips
What Are They
Vegetated filter strips are gently sloping areas of natural vegetation or are graded and artificially
planted areas used to provide infiltration, remove sediments and other pollutants, and reduce the
flow and velocity of the storm water moving across the terrain. Vegetated filter strips function
similarly to vegetated or grassed swales. The filter strips, however, are fairly level and treat
sheetflow, whereas grassed swales are indentations (see section on Grassed Swales) and treat
concentrated flows. Vegetated filter strips provide permanent storm water control measures on a
site.
Berms Placed Perpendicular
to Top of Strip Prevent
Concentrated Flows
Top Elevation of Strips
On Same Contour, and
Directly Abuts Trench
Stone Trench
Acts as
Level Spreader \
5% Strip Slope or Less
FIGURE 4.31 USE OF FILTER STRIPS
(Modified from MWCOG, 1987)
When and Where to Use Them
Vegetated filter strips are suited for areas where the soils are well drained or moderately well
drained and where the bedrock and the water table are well below the surface! Vegetated filter
strips will not function well on steep slopes, in hilly areas, or in highly paved areas because of the
high velocity of runoff. Sites with slopes of 15 percent or more may not be suitable for filtering
storm water flows. However, they should still be vegetated (MWCOG, 1987). This practice can
be put into place at any time, provided that climatic conditions allow for planting.
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
What to Consider
At a minimum, a filter strip must be approximately 20 feet wide to function well. The length of the
strip should be approximately 50 to 75 feet. Where slopes become steeper, the length of the strip
must be increased. Forested strips are always preferred to vegetated strips, and existing
vegetation is preferred to planted vegetation. In planning for vegetated strips, consider climatic
conditions, since vegetation may not take hold in especially dry and/or cold regions.
Regular inspections are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the filter strips. Removing
sediments and replanting may be necessary on a regular basis. The entire area should be examined
for damage due to equipment and vehicles. Vegetation should be dense. Also, the portions of the
strip where erosion may have created ponding of runoff should be inspected. This situation can be
eliminated by grading.
Advantages of Vegetated Filter Strips
• Provide low to moderate treatment of pollutants in storm water while providing a natural
look to a site
• Can provide habitat for wildlife
• Can screen noise and views if trees or high shrubs are planted on the filter strips
• Are easily constructed and implemented
• Are inexpensive .
Disadvantages of Vegetated Filter Strips
• Are not effective for high velocity flows (large paved areas or steep slopes)
• Require significant land space
• May have a short useful life due to clogging by sediments and oil and grease
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Chapter 4—Site-Specrfic Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Grassed Swales
What Are They
Grassed swales are vegetated depressions used to transport, filter, and remove sediments.
Grassed swales control high runoff rates by reducing the speed of the runoff and by reducing the
volume of the runoff through infiltration of the storm water. Pollutants are removed because runoff
travels slowly and infiltrates into the soil and because the vegetation in the grassed swale works as
a filter or strainer.
Swale Slopes
as Close TO
Zero as Drainage
Will Permit
Railroad Tie
Oiecfc-dam
(Increases infiltration)
Dense Growth ';
of Grass
' Stone Prevents
Downstream Scour'
FIGURE 4.32 GRASSED SWALE WITH RAILROAD TIE CHECK DAM
.(Modified from MWCOG, 1987)
When and Where to Use Them
Grassed swales are suitable for most areas where storm water runoff is low. Certain factors will
affect the operation of grassed swales, including soil type, land features, and the depth of the soil
from the surface to the water table (i.e., the top of the drenched portion of the soil or bedrock
layer). The soil must be permeable for runoff to, be able to infiltrate well. Sandy soils will not hold
vegetation well nor form a stable channel structure. Steep slopes will increase runoff rates and
create greater potential for erosion. Storm water flows will not be easily absorbed where the water
table is near the surface. Swales are most useful for sites smaller than 10 acres {MWCOG, 1987).
Even without highly permeable soils, swales reduce velocity and thus are useful.
Grassed swales usually do not work well for construction runoff because the runoff has high
sediment loads.
What to Consider
The channel of the swale should be as level as possible to maximize infiltration. Side slopes in the
swale should be designed to no steeper than 3:1 to minimize channel erosion (MWCOG, 1987).
Plans should consider (1) the use of existing topography and existing drainage patterns and (2) the
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
highest flow rate that is expected from a typical storm to determine the most practical size for the
swale (in keeping with State or local requirements).
The swale should be tilled before grass is planted, and a dense cover of grasses should be planted
in the swale. The location of the swale will determine the best type of vegetation (e.g., if the
swale runs next to a road, then the grass chosen should be resistant to the use of de-icing salts in
northern states).
Check dams (i.e., earthen or log structures) may be installed in the swales to reduce runoff speed
and increase infiltration. Planners should also consider the design of the outlet at the end of the
swale so that the runoff is released from the swale at a low rate (see section on Outlet Protection).
Maintenance activities for the swales include those practices needed to maintain healthy, dense
vegetation and to retain efficient infiltration and movement of the storm water into and through the
swale. Periodic mowing, reseeding, and weed control are required to maintain pollutant removal
efficiency. The swale and channel outlet should be kept free from sediment-buildup, litter, brush,
or fallen tree limbs.
Periodic inspections will identify erosion problems or damaged areas. Damaged or eroded areas of
the channel should be repaired. Areas with damaged vegetation should be reseeded immediately.
Advantages of Grassed Swales
• Are easily designed and constructed
• Provide moderate removal of sediments if properly constructed and maintained
• May provide a wildlife habitat
• Are inexpensive
• Can replace curb and gutter, systems
• Can last for long periods of time if well maintained '
Disadvantages of Grassed Swales
* Cannot control runoff from very large storms
• If they do not drain properly between storms, can encourage nuisance problems such as
mosquitos, ragweed, dumping, and erosion
• Are not capable of removing significant amounts of soluble nutrients
• Cannot treat runoff with high sediment loadings
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Level Spreaders
What Are They
Level spreaders are devices used at storm water outlets to spread out collected storm water flows
into sheetflow (runoff that flows over ground surface in a thin, even layer). Typically, a level
spreader consists of a depression in the soil surface that spreads the flow onto a flat area across a
gentle slope. Level spreaders then release the storm water flow onto level areas stabilized by
vegetation to reduce speed and increase infiltration.
FIGURE 4.33 LEVEL SPREADERS
(Modified from Commonwealth of Virginia, 1990)
When and Where to Use Them
Level spreaders are most often used as an outlet for temporary or permanent storm water
conveyances or dikes. Runoff that contains high sediment loads should be treated in a sediment
trapping device prior to release into a level spreader.
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
What to Consider
The length of the spreader depends upon the amount of water that flows through the conveyance.
Larger volumes of water need more space to even out. Level spreaders are generally used with
filter strips (see Vegetated Filter Strips). The depressions are seeded with vegetation (see
Permanent Seeding).
Level spreaders should not be used on soil that might erode easily. They should be constructed on
natural soils and not on fill material. The entrance to the spreader should be level so that the flow
can spread out evenly.
The spreader should be inspected after every large storm event to check for damage. Heavy
equipment and other traffic should be kept off the level spreader because these vehicles may
compact the soil or disturb the grade of the slope. If ponding or erosion channels develop, the
spreader should be regraded. Dense vegetation should be maintained and damaged areas reseeded
as needed.
Advantages of Level Spreaders
• Reduce storm water flow velocity, encourage sedimentation and infiltration
• Are relatively inexpensive to install
Disadvantages of Level Spreaders
* Can easily develop "short circuiting" (concentration of flows into small streams
sheetflow over the spreader) because of erosion or other disturbance
• Cannot handle large quantities of sediment-laden storm water
instead of
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Chapter 4-Site-Specific industrial Storm Water BMPs
infiltration Trenches
What Are They
An infiltration trench usually consists of a long, narrow excavation ranging from 3 to 12 feet deep.
The trench is filled with stone, which allows for temporary storage of storm water runoff in the
open spaces between the stones. The stored storm water infiltrates into the surrounding soil or
drains into underground pipes through holes and is then routed to an outflow point. Infiltration
trenches are designed to remove both fine sediments and soluble pollutants rather than larger,
coarse pollutants.
Wellcip
Observation Well
Emergency Overflow Berm
FM*r Faonc Lines Sides to
Prevent Soil Contamination
Sand Fitter IC-12 Feel Deep)
or Faonc Equivalent
SRunollCcMlraMs
> Througn Umasturoeti Suosbtls
FIGURE 4.34 TYPICAL INFILTRATION TRENCH
(Modified from MWCOG, 1987)
When and Where to Use Them
Infiltration trenches should be restricted to areas with certain soil, ground water, slope; area, and
pollutant conditions. For example, infiltration trenches will not operate well in soils that have high
clay contents, silt/clay soils, sandy/clay loams, or soils that have been compacted. Trenches
should not be sited over fill soils because such soils are unstable. Hardened soils are often not
suitable for infiltration trenches because these types of soils do not easily absorb water. Infiltration
practices in general should not be used to manage contaminated storm water.
The drainage area contributing runoff to a single trench should not exceed 5 acres (State of
Maryland, 1983). Construction of trenches should not start until after all land-disturbing activities
have ceased so that runoff with high levels of sediment does not fill in the structure.
If slopes draining into the trench are steeper than 5 percent, the runoff will enter the trench too
fast and will overwhelm the infiltration capacity of the soil, causing overflow. The depth from the
bottom of the trench to the bedrock layer and the seasonal, high water table must be at least three
feet. Infiltration trenches may not be suitable in areas where there are cold winters and deep frost
levels.
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
What to Consider
Pretreatment of runoff before it is channeled to the trench is important to efficient operation
because pretreatment removes sediment, grit, and oil. Reducing the pollutant load in the runoff
entering the trench lengthens trench life. One method of pretreatment is to install a buffer zone
just above the trench to act as a filter (see Buffer Zones). In addition, a layer of filter fabric 1 foot
below the bottom of the trench can be used to trap the sediments that get through the buffer strip.
If excavation around the trenches is necessary, the use of light duty equipment will avoid
compacting, which could cause a loss of infiltration capability.
Infiltration trenches should be inspected at least once per year and after major rainfall events.
Debris should be removed from all areas of the trench, especially the inlets and overflow channels.
Dense vegetative growth should be maintained in buffer areas surrounding the trench.
Test wells can be installed in every trench to monitor draining times and provide information on
how well the system is operating. Daily test well monitoring is necessary, especially after large
storm events. If the trench does not drain after 3 days, it usually means that the trench is clogged.
Advantages of Infiltration Trenches
• Preserve the natural water balance of the site
* Are effective for small sites
• Remove pollutants effectively
Disadvantages of Infiltration Trenches
• Require high maintenance when sediment loads are heavy
• Have short life span, especially if not maintained properly
• May be expensive (cost of excavation and fill material)
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
Porous Pavements/Concrete Grids and Modular Pavements
What Are They
Porous pavement, concrete grids, and modular pavements allow storm water to infiltrate so that
the speed and amount of runoff from a site can be reduced.
Porous Pavement-Can be either asphalt or concrete. With porous asphalt pavement, runoff
infiltrates through a porous asphalt layer into a stone "reservoir" layer. Storm water runoff filters
through the stone reservoir into the underlying subsoil or drains into underground pipes through
holes and is routed away. The bottom and sides of the stone reservoir are lined with filter fabric to
prevent the movement of soils into the reservoir area.
Porous Concrete Pavement-Is made out of a special concrete mix that has a high number of open
spaces between the particles and a coarse surface texture. These open spaces allow runoff to
pass through the surface to lower levels. This type of pavement can be piaced directly on graded
soils. When a subbase is used for stability, 6 inches of sand is piaced under the concrete mixture.
Up to 6 inches of storm water can be held on the surface of the pavement and within the concrete.
Concrete Grids and Modular Pavement-Are made out of precast concrete, poured-in-place
concrete, brick, or granite. These types of pavements can also reduce the loading and
concentration of pollutants in the runoff. Concrete grids and modular pavements are designed and/
or constructed so that they have open spaces within the pavement through which storm water can
infiltrate into the ground. These open spaces can be filled with gravel or sand or have vegetation
growing out of them.
When and Where to Use Them
These structures are usually only suitable for low-volume parking areas (1 /4 acre to 10 acres)
(State of Maryland, 1983) and lightly used access roads. However, areas that are expected to get
moderate or high volumes of traffic or heavy equipment can use conventional pavements (for the
heavy traffic areas) that are sloped to drain to areas with the porous pavements. These pavements
are not effective in drainage areas that receive runoff containing high levels of sediment.
The soil types over which concrete grids and modular pavement are to be placed should allow for
rapid drainage through the pores in the pavement. These pavements are not recommended for
sites with slopes steeper than 5 percent (MWCOG, 1987) or sites with high water tables, shallow
bedrock, fill soils, or localized clay lenses, which are conditions that would limit the ability of the
runoff to infiltrate into surface soils. For example, the water table and bedrock should be at least 3
feet below the bottom of the stone reservoir. Porous pavement will not operate well in windy
areas where sediment will be deposited on the porous pavement.
Construction of these pavements should be timed so that installation occurs on the site after other
construction activities are finished and the site has been stabilized. Therefore, sediments are less
likely to be tracked or carried on to the surface.
September 1992 4-109
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
. COA/C«£~E CURS
^ PEf* YtOUS
Detail of Pervious Concrete Pavement
Pour»d-ln-Pl*c« SUb
C»stelUted Unit
Ltttici Unit
Nodular Unit
Types of Grid and Modular Pavements
ty aSO InctMS/Hoor or Mora
Cross Section of Porous Asphalt Pavement
FIGURE 4.35 POROUS PAVEMENTS, CONCRETE GRIDS, AND MODULAR PAVEMENTS
(Modified from Commonwealth of Virginia, 1980; MWCOG, 1987; and Washington State, 1992)
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Chapter 4-Site-Specrfic Industrial Storm Water BMPs
What to Consider
Proper installation of these pavements requires a high level of construction expertise and
workmanship. Only contractors who are familiar with the installation of these pavements should be
used. , ,
Designers of porous pavement areas should consider sediment and erosion control. Sediments
must kept away from the pavement area because they can clog the pores. Controls to consider for
sediments include a diversion berm (i.e., earthen mound) around the edge of the pavement area to
block the flow of runoff from certain drainages onto the pavement, or other filtering controls such
as silt fences. De-icing salt'mixtures, sands, or ash also may clog pores and should not be used for
snow removal. Signs should be posted to prohibit these activities.
Since the infiltration of storm water runoff may contaminate ground water sources, these
pavements are not suitable for areas close to drinking water wells (at least 100 feet away is
recommended) (State of Maryland, 1983).
Maintenance of the surface is very important. For porous pavements, this includes vacuum
sweeping at least four times per year followed by high-pressure hosing to reduce the chance of
sediments clogging the pores of the top layer. Potholes and cracks can be filled with typical
patching mixes unless more than 10 percent of the surface area needs repair. Spot clogging may
be fixed by drilling half-inch holes through the porous pavement layer every few feet.
The pavement should be inspected several times the first few months after installation and then
annually. Inspections after large storms are necessary to check for pools of water. These pools
may indicate clogging. The condition of adjacent vegetated filter strips, silt fences, or diversion ,
dikes should also be inspected.
Concrete grids and modular pavements should be designed in accordance with manufacturers'
recommendations. Designers also need information on soils, depth to the water table, and storm
water runoff quantity and quality.
Maintenance of concrete grids and modular pavements is similar to that of the porous pavements;
however, turf maintenance such as mowing, fertilizing, and irrigation may be needed where
vegetation is planted in the open spaces.
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Chapter 4—Site-Specific Industrial Storm Water BMPs
'Advantages of Porous Pavements/Concrete Grids and Modular Pavements
• Provide erosion control by reducing the speed and quantity of the storm water runoff from
the site
• Provide some treatment to the water by removing pollutants
• Reduce the need for curbing and storm sewer installation and expansion
• Improve road safety by providing a rougher surface
• Provide some recharge to local aquifers
* Are cost effective because they take the place of more expensive and complex treatment
systems
Disadvantages of Porous Pavements/Concrete Grids and Modular Pavements
• Can be more expensive than typical pavements
• Are easily clogged with sediment and/or oil; however, pretreatment and proper
maintenance will prevent this problem
• May cause ground water contamination
• Are not structurally suited for high-density traffic or heavy equipment
• Asphalt pavements may break down if gasoline is spilled on the surface
• Are less effective when the subsurface is frozen
4-112 September 1992
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Appendix A
APPENDIX A
REFERENCES
-------
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Appendix A
REFERENCES
API, "Suggested Procedure for Development of Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure
Plans," American Petroleum Institute Bulletin D16, Second Edition. August 1, 1989.
APWA, "Urban Storm water Management, Special Report No. 49," American Public Works
Association Research Foundation. 1981.
Arapahoe County, "Erosion Control Standards," prepared by Kiowa Engineering Corporation.
April 8, 1988.
Available EPA Pollution Control Manuals (see Appendix D)
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, "Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual,"
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Bureau of Soil and Water Conservation.
. April 1990.
Commonwealth of Virginia, "Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook," Virginia Department
of Conservation and Historical Preservation, Division of Soi) & Water Conservation, Second
Edition. 1980.
County of Fairfax, "Check List For Erosion and Sediment Control Fairfax County, Virginia." 1990
and 1987 Editions.
MWCOG, "Controlling Urban Runoff: A Practical Manual for Planning and Designing Urban BMPs,"
Department of Environmental Programs, Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments.
July 1987.
Northern Virginia Planning District Commission, "BMP Handbook for the Occoquan Watershed,"
prepared for Occoquan Basin Nonpoint Pollution Management Program. August 1987.
Salt Institute, "The Salt Storage Handbook, A Practical Guide for Storing and Handling Deicing
Salt," Alexandria, Virginia. 1987.
Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, "Automotive-Related Industries,
BMPs for Industrial Sanitary Sewer Discharges and Storm Water Pollution Control." No date.
\
State of Maryland, "1983 Maryland Standards and Specifications for Soil and Erosion and Sediment
Control," Maryland Water Resources Administration, Soil Conservation Service, and State Soil
Conservation Committee. April 1983.
State of North Carolina, "Erosion and Sediment control Planning and Design Manual," North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development, and Agricultural Extension Service. September 1, 1988.
State of Wisconsin, "Wisconsin Construction Site Best Management Practice Handbook,"
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Water Resources Management,
Nonpoint Source and Land Management Section.. June 1990.
Thron, H. and Rogashewski, O.J., "Useful Tools for Cleaning Up." Hazardo
us Material & Spills Conference, 1982.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, CZARA NPS Guidance.
\
September 1992 A-1
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Appendix A
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Draft - A Current Assessment of Urban Best Management
Practices. Techniques for Reducing Non-point Source Pollution in the Coastal Zone," EPA
Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds, prepared by Metropolitan Washington Council of
Governments. December, 1991.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Draft Construction Site Stormwater Discharge Control, An
Inventory of Current Practices," EPA Office of Water Enforcement and Permits, prepared by
Kamber Engineering. June 26, 1991.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Draft Report on Best Management Practices for the
Control of Storm Water From Urbanized Areas," Science Applications International Corporation.
June 1987.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of
Current Practices," EPA Office of Water Enforcement and Permits, prepared by Kamber
Engineering. April 20, 1990. -
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "NPDES Best Management Practices Guidance Document,"
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, prepared by Hydroscience, Inc.,
EPA 600/9-79-0451. December 1979.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Pollution Prevention in Printing and Allied Industries:
Saving Money Through Pollution Prevention," ORD, Pollution Prevention Office. October 1989.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Pollution Prevention Training Opportunities in 1992,"
EPA/560/8-92-002. January 1992. A comprehensive listing of pollution prevention resources,
documents, courses, and programs, including names and phone numbers, is contained in a new
annual EPA publication. Copies df this document may be obtained by calling the PPIC/PIES
support number at (703) 821-4800. •
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Process, Procedure, and Methods to Control Pollution
Resulting from All Construction Activity," EPA Office of Air and Water Programs, PB-257-318.
October 1973.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Staff Analysis," Storm Water Section. July 1991.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment Manual,"
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory. July 1988.
Washington State, "Draft Stormwater Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin,"
Washington State Department of Ecology. January 23, 1992.
Washington State, "Standards for Storm Water Management for the Puget Sound Basin," Chapter
173-275 WAC, Washington State Department of Ecology. July 29, 1991.,
A-2 September 1992
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Appendix B
APPENDIX B
GLOSSARY
-------
-------
Appendix B
GLOSSARY
i ,
Aeration: A process which promotes biological degradation of organic matter. The process may be
passive (as when waste is exposed to air) or active (as when a mixing or bubbling device
introduces the air).
Backfill: Earth used to fill a trench or an excavation.
Baffles: Fin-like devices installed vertically on the inside walls of liquid waste transport vehicles
that are used to reduce the movement of the waste inside the tank.
Berm: An earthen mound used to direct the flow of runoff around or through a structure.
Best Management Practice (BMP): Schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, maintenance
procedures, and other management practices to prevent or reduce the pollution of waters of
the United States. BMPs also include treatment requirements, operating procedures, and
practices to control facility site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or waste disposal, or drainage
from raw material storage. .
Biodegradable: The ability to break down or decompose under natural conditions and processes.
Boom: 1. A floating device used to contain oil on a body of water. 2. A piece of equipment used
to apply pesticides from ground equipment such as a tractor or truck.
Buffer Strip or Zone: Strips of grass or other erosion-resistant vegetation between a waterway and
an area of more intensive land,use. •
By-product: Material, other than the principal product, that is generated as a consequence of an
industrial process.
Calibration: A check of the precision and accuracy of measuring equipment.
CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act.
Chock: A block or wedge used to keep rolling vehicles in place.
Clay Lens: A naturally occurring, localized area of clay that acts as an impermeable layer to runoff
infiltration. ,
Concrete aprons: A pad of nonerosive material designed to prevent scour holes developing at the
outlet ends of culverts, outlet pipes, grade stabilization structures, and other water control
. devices.
Conduit: Any channel or pipe for transporting the flow of water.
Conveyance: Any natural or manmade channel or pipe in which concentrated water flows.
Corrosion: The dissolving and wearing away of metal caused by a chemical reaction such as
between water and the pipes that the water contacts, chemicals touching a metal surface, or
^contact between two metals.
Culvert: A covered channel or a large-diameter pipe that directs water flow below the ground .level.
September 1992 B-1
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Appendix B
CWA: Clean Water Act (formerly referred to as the Federal Water Pollution Control Act or Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972).
Denuded: Land stripped of vegetation such as grass, or land that has had vegetation worn down
due to impacts from the elements or hurnans.
Dike: An embankment to confine or control water, often built along the banks of a river to prevent
overflow of lowlands; a levee.
Director: The Regional Administrator or an authorized representative.
Discharge: A release or flow of storm water or other substance from a conveyance or storage
container.
Drip Guard: A device used to prevent drips of fuel or corrosive or reactive chemicals from
contacting other materials or areas.
Emission: Pollution discharged into the atmosphere from smokestacks, other vents, and surface
areas of commercial or industrial facilities and from motor vehicle, locomotive, or aircraft
exhausts.
Erosion: The wearing away of land surface by wind or water. Erosion occurs naturally from
weather or runoff but can be intensified by land-clearing practices related to farming,
residential or industrial development, road building, or timber-cutting.
Excavation: The process of removing earth, stone, or other materials. .
Fertilizer: Materials such as nitrogen and phosphorus that provide nutrients for plants.
Commercially sold fertilizers may contain other chemicals or may be in the form of processed
sewage sludge.
Filter Fabric: Textile of relatively small mesh or pore size that is used to (a) allow water to pass
through while keeping sediment out (permeable), or (b) prevent both runoff and sediment from
passing through (impermeable).
Filter Strip: Usually long, relatively narrow area of undisturbed or planted vegetation used to retard
or collect sediment for the protection of watercourses, reservoirs, or adjacent properties.
Flange: A rim extending from the end of a pipe; can be used as a connection to another pipe.
Flow Channel Liner: 'A covering or coating used on the inside surface of a flow channel to prevent
the infiltration of water to the ground. . / . .
Flowmeter: A gauge that shows the speed of water moving through a conveyance.
General Permit: A permit issued under the NPDES program to cover a certain class or category of
storm water discharges. These permits allow for a reduction in the administrative burden
associated with permitting storm water discharges associated with industrial activities. For
example, EPA is planning to issue two general permits: NPDES General Permits for Storm
Water Discharges From Construction Activities that are classified as "Associated with
Industrial Activity" and NPDES General Permits for Storm Water Discharges from Industrial
Activities that are classified as "Associated with Industrial Activities." EPA is also encouraging
delegated States which have an approved general permits program to issue general permits.
B-2 September 1992
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Appendix B
Grading: The cutting and/or filling of the land surface to a desired slope or elevation.
Hazardous Substance: 1. Any material that poses a threat to human health and/or the
environment. Hazardous substances can be toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive, or chemically
reactive. 2. Any substance named required by EPA to be reported if a designated quantity of
the substance is spilled in the waters of the United States or if otherwise emitted into the
.environment. '
Hazardous Waste: By-products of human activities that can pose a substantial or potential hazard
to human health or the environment when improperly managed. Possesses at least one of four
characteristics (ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity), or appears on special EPA lists.
Holding Pond: A pond or reservoir, usually made of earth, built to store polluted runoff for a limited
time.
Illicit Connection: Any discharge to a municipal separate storm sewer that is not composed entirely
of storm water except discharges authorized by an NPDES permit (other than the NPDES
permit for discharges from the municipal separate storm sewer) and discharges resulting from
fire fighting activities.
Infiltration: 1. The penetration of water through the ground surface into sub-surface soil or the
penetration of water from the soil into sewer or other pipes through defective joints,
connections, or manhole walls. 2. A land, application technique where large volumes of
wastewater are applied to land, allowed to penetrate the surface and percolate through the
underlying soil.
Inlet: An entrance into a ditch, storm sewer, or other waterway.
Intermediates: A chemical compound formed during the making of a product.
Irrigation: Human application of water to agricultural or recreational land for watering purposes.
Jute: A plant fiber used to make rope, mulch, netting, or matting.
Lagoon: A shallow pond where sunlight, bacterial action, and oxygen work to purify wastewater.
Land Application Units: An area where wastes are applied onto or incorporated into the soil
surface (excluding manure spreading operations) for treatment or disposal.
Land Treatment Units: An area of land where materials are temporarily located to receive
treatment. Examples include: sludge lagoons, stabilization pond.
Landfills: An area of land or an excavation in which wastes are placed for permanent disposal, and
which is not a land application unit, surface impoundment, injection well, or waste pile.
Large and Medium Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System: All municipal separate storm sewers
that are either: (i) located in an incorporated place (city) with a population of 100,000 or more
as determined by the latest Decennial Census by the Bureau of Census (these cities are listed
in Appendices F and G of 40 CFR Part 122); or (ii) located in the counties with unincorporated
urbanized populations of 100,000 or more, except municipal separate storm sewers that are
located in the incorporated places, townships, or towns within such counties (these counties
are listed in Appendices H and I of 40 CFR Part 122); or (iii) owned or operated by a
municipality other than those described in paragraph (i) or (ii) and that are designated by the
Director as part of the large or medium municipal separate storm sewer system.
September 1992 B-3
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Appendix B
Leaching: The process by which soluble constituents are dissolved in a solvent such as water and
carried down through the soil.
Level Spreader: A device used to spread out storm water runoff uniformly over the ground surface
as sheetflow (i.e., not through channels). The purpose of level spreaders are to prevent
concentrated, erosive flows from occurring and to enhance infiltration.
Liming: Treating soil with lime to neutralize acidity levels.
Liner: 1. A relatively impermeable barrier designed to prevent leachate from leaking from a landfill.
Liner materials include plastic and dense clay. 2. An insert or sleeve for sewer pipes to
prevent leakage or infiltration. •
Liquid Level Detector: A device that provides continuous measures of liquid levels in liquid storage
areas or containers to prevent overflows.
Material Storage Areas: Onsite locations where raw materials, products, final products, by-
products, or waste materials are stored.
Mulch: A natural or artificial layer of plant residue or other materials covering the land surface
which conserves moisture, holds soil in place, aids in establishing plant cover, and minimizes
temperature fluctuations.
Noncontact Cooling Water: Water used to cool machinery or other materials without directly
contacting process chemicals or materials.
Notice of Intent (NOI): An application to notify the permitting authority of a facility's intention to
be covered by a general permit; exempts a facility from having to submit an individual or group
application.
NPDES: EPA's program to control the discharge of pollutants to waters of the United States. See
the definition of "National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System" in 40 CFR 122.2 for further
guidance.
s
NPDES Permit: An authorization, license, or equivalent control document issued by EPA or an
approved State agency to implement the requirements of the NPDES program.
Oil and Grease Traps: Devices which collect oil and grease, removing them from water flows.
Oil Sheen: A thin, glistening layer of oil on water.
Oil/Water Separator: A device installed, usually at the entrance to a drain, which removes oil and
grease from water flows entering the drain.
Organic Pollutants: Substances containing carbon which may cause pollution problems in receiving
streams.
Organic Solvents: Liquid organic compounds capable of dissolving solids, gases, or liquids.
Outfall: The point, location, or structure where wastewater or drainage discharges from a sewer
pipe, ditch, or other conveyance to a receiving body of water.
Permeability: The quality of a soil that enables water or air to move through it. Usually expressed
in inches/hour or inches/day.
B-4 September 1992
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Appendix B
Permit: An authorization, license, or equivalent control document issued by EPA or an approved
State agency to implement the requirements of an environmental regulation; e.g., a permit to
operate a wastewater treatment plant or to operate a facility that may generate harmful
emissions.
Permit Issuing Authority (or Permitting Authority): The State agency or EPA Regional office which
issues environmental permits to regulated facilities.
Plunge pool: A basin used to slow flowing water, usually constructed to a design depth and shape.
The pool may be protected from erosion by various lining materials.
Pneumatic Transfer: A system of hoses which uses the force of air or other gas to push material
through; used to transfer solid or liquid materials from tank to tank.
i
Point Source: Any discernible, confined, and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to any
pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock,
concentrated animal feeding operation, or vessel or other floating craft, from which pollutants
are or may be discharged. This term does not include return flows from irrigated agriculture or
agricultural storm water runoff.
Pollutant: Any dredged spoil, solid waste, incinerator residue, filter backwash, sewage, garbage,
sewage sludge, munitions, chemical wastes, biological materials, radioactive materials (except
those regulated under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 (U.S.C. 2011 et sea.)).
heat, wrecked or discharged equipment, rock, sand, cellar dirt, and industrial, municipal, and
agricultural waste discharged into water. It does not mean:
(i) Sewage from vessels; or
(ii) Water, gas, or other material which is injected into a well to facilitate production of oil or
gas, or water derived in association with oil and gas production and disposed of in a well, if
the well used either to facilitate production or for disposal purposes is approved by the
authority of the State in which the well is located, and if the State determines that the
injection or disposal will not result in the degradation of ground or surface water resources
[Section 502(6) of the CWA3.
Radioactive materials covered by the Atomic Energy Act are those encompassed in its
definition of source, byproduct, or special nuclear materials. Examples of materials not
covered include radium and accelerator-produced isotopes. See Train v. Colorado Public
Interest Research Group, Inc.. 426 U.S. 1 (1976).
Porous Pavement: A human-made surface that will allow water to penetrate through and percolate
into soil (as in porous asphalt pavement or concrete). Porous asphalt pavement is comprised
of irregular shaped crush rock precoated with asphalt binder. Water seeps through into lower
layers of gravel for temporary storage, then filters naturally into the soil.
/
Precipitation: Any form of rain or snow.
Preventative Maintenance Program: A schedule of inspections and testing at regular intervals
intended to prevent equipment failures and deterioration.
Process Wastewater: Water that comes into direct contact with or results from the production or
use of any raw material, intermediate product, finished product, by-product, waste product, or
wastewater.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): A plastic used in pipes because of its strength; does not dissolve in most
organic solvents.
September 1992 B-5
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Appendix B •
Raw Material: Any product or material that is converted into another material by processing or
manufacturing.
RCRA: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
Recycle: The process of minimizing the generation of waste by recovering usable products that
might otherwise become waste. Examples are the recycling of aluminum cans, wastepaper,
and bottles.
Reportable Quantity (RQ): The quantity of a hazardous substance or oil that triggers reporting
requirements under CERCLA or the Clean Water Act. If a substance is released in amounts
exceeding its RQ, the release must be reported to the National Response Center, the State
Emergency Response Commission, and community emergency coordinators for areas likely to
be affected (see Appendix I for a list of RQs).
Residual: Amount of pollutant remaining in the environment after a natural or technological process
has taken place, e.g., the sludge remaining after initial wastewater treatment, or particulates
remaining in air after the air passes through a scrubbing or other pollutant removal process.
Retention: The holding of runoff in a basin without release except by means of evaporation,
infiltration, or emergency bypass.
Retrofit: The modification of storm water management systems in developed areas through the
construction of wet ponds, infiltration systems, wetland plantings, stream bank stabilization,
and other BMP techniques for improving water quality. A retrofit can consist of the
construction of a new BMP in the developed area, the enhancement of an older storm water
management structure, or a combination of improvement and new construction.
RHJ Erosion: The formation of numerous, closely spread streamlets due to uneven removal of
surface soils by storm water or other water.
Riparian Habitat: Areas adjacent to rivers and streams that have a high density, diversity, and
productivity of plant and animal species relative to nearby uplands.
Runon: Storm water surface flow or other surface flow which enters property other than that
where it originated. • . ,
Runoff: That part of precipitation, snow melt, or irrigation water that runs off the land into streams
or other surface water. It can carry pollutants from the air and land into the receiving waters.
Sanhary Sewer: A system of underground pipes that carries sanitary waste or process wastewater
to a treatment plant.
Sanitary Waste: Domestic sewage.
SARA: Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act.
Scour: The clearing and digging action of flowing water, especially the downward erosion caused
by stream water in sweeping away mud and silt from the stream bed and outside bank of a
curved channel.
Sealed Gate: A device used to control the flow of liquid materials through a valve.
Secondary Containment: Structures, usually dikes or berms, surrounding tanks or other storage
containers and designed to catch spilled material from the storage containers.
B-6 September 1992
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Appendix B
Section 313 Water Priority Chemical: A chemical or chemical categories which are: (Dare listed
at 40 CFR 372.65 pursuant to Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-
to-Know Act (EPCRA) [also known as Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986]; (2) are present at or above threshold levels at a facility
subject to EPCRA Section 313 reporting requirements; and (3) that meet at least one of the
following criteria: (i) are listed in Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 122 on either Table II (organic
priority pollutants), Table III (certain metals, cyanides, and phenols), or Table V (certain toxic
pollutants and hazardous substances); (ii) are listed as a hazardous substance pursuant to
Section 311 (b)(2)(A) of the CWA at 40 CFR 116.4; or (Hi) are pollutants for which.EPA has
published acute or chronic water quality criteria. See Addendum B of this permit. (List is
included as Appendix I.)
Sediment Trap: A device for removing sediment from water flows; usually installed at outfall
points. . ,
Sedimentation: The process of depositing soil particles, clays, sands, or other sediments that were
picked up by flowing water.
Sediments: Soil, sand, and minerals washed from land into water, usually after rain. They pile up
in reservoirs, rivers, and harbors, destroying fish-nesting areas and holes of water animals and
cloud the water so that needed sunlight might not reach aquatic plants. Careless farming,
mining, and building activities will expose sediment materials, allowing them to be washed off
the land after rainfalls.
Sheet Erosion: Erosion of thin layers of surface materials by continuous sheets of running water.
Sheetflow: Runoff which flows over the ground surface as a thin, even layer, not concentrated in
a channel.
Shelf Life: The time for which chemicals and other materials can be stored before becoming'
unusable due to age or deterioration.
Significant Materials: Include, but are not limited to: raw materials; fuels; materials such as
solvents, detergents and plastic pellets; finished materials such as metallic products; raw
materials used in food processing or production; hazardous substances designated under
section 101(14) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA); any chemical the facility is required to report pursuant to section 313 of Title III
of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA); fertilizers; pesticides; and
waste products such as ashes, slag, and sludge that have a potential to be released with storm
water discharges [122.26(b)(12)]. , ,
Significant Spills: Includes, but is not limited to: releases of oil or hazardous substances in excess
of reportable quantities under Section 311 of the CWA (see 40 CFR 110.10 and CFR 117.21)
or Section 102 of CERCLA (see 40 CFR 302.4).
Slag: Non-metal containing waste leftover from the smelting and refining of metals.
Slide Gate: A device used to control the flow of water through storm water conveyances.
Sloughing: The movement of unstabilized soil layers down a slope due to excess water in the soils.
Sludge: A semi-solid residue from any of a number'of air or water treatment processes. Sludge
can be a hazardous waste.
September 1992 B-7
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Appendix B
Soil: The unconsolidated mineral and organic material on the immediate surface of the earth that
serves as a natural medium for the growth of plants.
Solids Dewatering: A process for removing excess water from solids to lessen the overall weight
of the wastes.
Source Control: A practice or structural measure to prevent pollutants from entering storm water
runoff or other environmental media.
Spent Solvent: A liquid solution that has been used and is no longer capable of dissolving solids,
gases, or liquids.
Spill Guard: A device used to prevent spills of liquid materials from storage containers.
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures Plan (SPCC): Plan consisting of structures, such as
curbing, and action plans to prevent and respond to spills of hazardous substances as defined
in the Clean Water Act.
Stopcock Valve: A small valve for stopping or controlling the flow of water or other liquid through
a pipe.
!
Storm Drain: A slotted opening leading to an underground pipe or an open ditch for carrying
surface runoff.
Storm Water: Runoff from a storm event, snow melt runoff, and surface runoff and drainage.
Storm Water Discharge Associated with Industrial Activity: The discharge from any conveyance
which is used for collecting and conveying storm water and which is directly related to
manufacturing, processing or raw materials storage areas at an industrial plant. The term does
not include discharges from facilities or activities excluded from the NPDES program under 40
CFR Part 122. For the categories of industries identified in subparagraphs (i) through (x) of
this subsection, the term includes, but is not limited to, storm water discharges from industrial
plant yards; immediate access roads and rail lines used or traveled by carriers of raw materials,
manufactured products, waste material, or by-products used or created by the facility; material
handling sites; refuse sites; sites used for the application or disposal of process waste waters
(as defined at 40 CFR 401); sites used for the storage and maintenance of material handling
equipment; sites used for residual treatment, storage, or disposal; shipping and receiving areas;
manufacturing buildings; storage areas (including tank farms) for raw materials, and
intermediate and finished products; and areas where industrial activity has taken place in the
past and significant materials remain and are exposed to storm water. For the categories of
industries identified in subparagraph (xi), the term includes only storm water discharges from
all the areas (except access roads and rail lines) that are listed in the previous sentence where
material handling equipment or activities, raw materials, intermediate products, final products,
waste material, by-products, or industrial machinery are exposed to storm water. For the
purposes of this paragraph, material handling activities include the: storage, loading and
unloading, transportation, or conveyance of any raw material, intermediate product, finished
product, by-product or waste product. The term excludes areas located on plant lands
separate from the plant's industrial activities, such as office buildings and accompanying
parking lots as long as the drainage from the excluded areas is not mixed with storm water
drained from the above described areas. Industrial facilities (including industrial facilities that
are Federally, State, or municipally owned or operated that meet the description of the facilities
listed in this paragraph (i)-(xi) include those facilities designated under the provision of
122.26(a)(1)(v). The following categories of facilities are considered to be engaging in
"industrial activity" for purposes of this subsection:
B-8 September 1992
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Appendix B
(i) Facilities subject to storm water effluent limitations guidelines, new source performance
standards, or toxic pollutant effluent standards under 40 CFR Subchapter N (except facilities
with toxic pollutant effluent standards which are excepted under category
exploration, production, processing, or treatment operations, or transmission facilities that
discharge storm water contaminated by contact with or that has come into contact with, any
overburden, raw material, intermediate products, finished products, byproducts or waste
products located on the site of such operations; (inactive mining operations are mining sites
that are not being actively mined, but which have an identifiable owner/operator; inactive
mining sites do not include sites where mining claims are being maintained prior to
disturbances associated with the extraction, beneficiation, or processing of mined materials,
nor sites where minimal activities are undertaken for the sole purpose of maintaining mining
claim);
(iv) Hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities, including those that are
operating under interim status or a permit under Subtitle C of RCRA;
(v) Landfills, land application sites, and open dumps that receive or have received any industrial
wastes (waste that is received from any of the facilities described under this subsection)
including those that are subject to regulation under Subtitle D of RCRA;
(vi) Facilities involved in the recycling of materials, including metal scrapyards, battery ...
reclaimers, salvage yards, and automobiles junkyards, including but limited to those classified
as Standard Industrial Classification 5015 and 5093;
(vii) Steam electric power generating facilities, including coal handling sites;
(viii) Transportation facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 40, 41, 42 (except
4221-25), 43, 44, 45, and 5171 which have vehicle maintenance shops, equipment cleaning
operations, or airport deicing operations. Only those portions of the facility that are either
involved in vehicle maintenance (including vehicle rehabilitation, mechanical, repairs, painting,
fueling, and lubrication), equipment cleaning operations, airport deicing operations, or which
are otherwise identified under paragraphs (i)-(vii) or (ix)-(xi) of this subsection are associated
with industrial activity;
(ix) Treatment works treating domestic sewage or any other sewage sludge or wastewater
treatment device or system, used in the storage treatment, recycling, and reclamation of
municipal or domestic sewage, including land dedicated to the disposal of sewage sludge that
are located within the confines of the facility, with a design flow of 1.0 mgd or more, or
required to have an approved pretreatment program under 40 CFR 403. Not included are farm
lands, domestic gardens or lands used for sludge management where sludge is beneficially
reused and which are not physically located in the confines of the facility, or areas that are in
compliance with Section 405 of the CWA;
(x) Construction activity including clearing, grading and excavation activities except:
operations that result in the disturbance of less than five acres of total land area which are not
part of a larger common plan of development or sale;
(xi) Facilities under Standard Industrial Classification 20, 21, 22, 23, 2434, 25, 265, 267, 27,
283, 285, 30, 31 (except 311), 323, 34 (except 3441), 35, 36, 37 (except 373), 38, 39,
4221-25, (and which are not otherwise included within categories (ii)-(x));
Note: The Transportation Act of 1991 provides an exemption from storm water permitting
. requirements for certain facilities owned or operated by municipalities with a
population of less than 100,000. Such municipalities must submit storm water
September 1992 B-9
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Appendix B
discharge permit applications for only airports, power plants, and uncontrolled sanitary
landfills that they own or operate, unless a permit is otherwise required by the
permitting authority.
Subsoil: The bed or stratum of earth lying below the surface soil.
Sump: A pit or tank that catches liquid runoff for drainage dr disposal.
Surface Impoundment: Treatment, storage, or disposal of liquid wastes in ponds.
Surface Water: All water naturally open to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, streams,
wetlands impoundments, seas, estuaries, etc.); also refers to springs, wells, or other collectors
which are directly influenced by surface water. ,
Swale: An elongated depression in the land surface that is at least seasonally wet, is usually
heavily vegetated, and is normally without flowing water. Swales direct storm water flows
into primary drainage channels and allow some of the storm water to infiltrate into the ground
surface.
Tarp: A sheet of waterproof canvas or other material used to cover and protect materials,
equipment, or vehicles.
Topography: The physical features of a surface area including relative elevations and the position
of natural and human-made features.
Toxic Pollutants: Any pollutant listed as toxic under Section 501(a){1) or, in the case of "sludge
use or disposal practices," any pollutant identified in regulations implementing Section 405(d)
of the CWA. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 122 Appendix D. ,
Treatment: The act of applying a procedure or chemicals to a substance to remove undesirable
pollutants. '
Tributary: A river or stream that flows into a larger river or stream.
Underground Storage Tanks (USTs): Storage tanks with at least 10 percent or more of its storage
capacity underground (the complete regulatory definition is at 40 CFR Part 280.12).
Waste: Unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing of other process.
Waste Pile: Any noncontainerized accumulation of solid, nonflowing waste that is used for
treatment or storage.
Water Table: The depth or level below, which the ground is saturated with water.
Waters of the United States:
"(a) All waters, which are currently used, were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use
in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of
the tide;
(b) All interstate waters, including interstate "wetlands;"
(c) All other waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams),
mudflats, sandflats, "wetlands," sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or
natural ponds, the use, degradation, or destruction of which would affect or could affect
interstate or foreign commerce including any such waters:
(1) Which are or could be used by interstate or foreign travelers for recreational or other .
purposes;
B-10 September 1992
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Appendix B
(2) From which fish or shellfish are or could be taken and sold in interstate or foreign
commerce; or
(3) Which are used or could be used for industrial purposes by industries,in interstate
commerce;
(d) All impoundments of waters otherwise defined as waters of the United States under this
definition; .
(e) Tributaries of waters identified in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this definition;
.(f) The territorial sea; and ,
(g) "Wetlands" adjacent to waters (other than waters that are themselves wetlands) identified
in paragraphs (a) through (f) of this definition.
Waste treatment systems, including treatment ponds or lagoons designed to meet the
requirements of CWA (other than cooling, ponds as defined in 40 CFR 423.11 (m) which also
meet the criteria of this definition) are not waters of the United States. This exclusion applies
only to manmade bodies of water which neither were originally created in waters of the United
States (such as disposal area in wetlands) nor resulted from the impoundment of waters of the
United States.
Waterway: A channel for the passage or flow of water.
Wet Well: A chamber used to collect water or other liquid and to which a pump is attached.
Wetlands: An area that is regularly saturated by surface or ground water and subsequently is
characterized by a prevalence of vegetation that is adapted for life in saturated soil conditions.
Examples include: swamps, bogs, fens, marshes, and estuaries.
Wind Break: Any device designed to block wind flow and intended for protection against any ill
effects of wind.
September 1992 B-11
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Appendix C
APPENDIX C
MODEL STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
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Double Scoop Ice Cream Company
40 Wonka Drive
Anytown, OK 12345
December 1992
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Emergency Contact: Cheryl Glenn
Title: Plant Manager
Secondary Contact: Rachel Meyers
Title: Engineering Supervisor
Work Phone: (101)
Emergency Phone:
Work Phone: (101)
Emergency Phone:
555-1234
(101) 555-6929
555-3923
(101) 555-6789
Type of Manufacturer: Ice Cream Manufacturer
Operating Schedule: 8:00 a.m. - 11:30 p.m.
Number of Employees: The plant has 21 employees, including part
time staff. Shifts overlap all day.
Average Wastewateir Discharge: 5,000 gallons per week
NPDES Permit Number: OK1234567
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POLLUTION PREVENTION TEAM
MEMBER ROSTER
Worksheet #1
Completed by
Title:
Date:
Leader:
(2)
Responsibilities:
Title:
Office Phone: '/£>/
Responsibilities:
Title:
Office Phone:
(4)
Responsibilities:
Title:
Office Phone:
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Double Scoop Ice Cream Company
- Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Comparison with SPCC Plan
Double Scoop Ice Cream Plant has an SPCC plan in operation for its
aboveground fuel storage tank. Overlaps are noted below:
• Isaac Feldman is the SPCC Coordinator and reports directly
to Cheryl Glenn. He will be the Storm Water Spill
Prevention and Response Coordinator.
• A complete description of potential for oil to contaminate
storm water discharges including quantity of oil that could
be discharged.
• Curbing around aboveground fuel storage tank identified on
site map.
• Expanded SPCC schedules and procedures to include Storm
Water Pollution Prevention Plan requirements.
/
• Incorporated SPCC plan training into storm water training
programs on spill prevention and response.
• Relevant portions of the SPCC plan will be included in this
plan.
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DEVEtOPINS A SITE MAP
Worksheet #2
Completed by:
Title: _
Date:
S2 \
Instructions: Draw a map of your site including a footprint of all buildings, structures, paved areas, and
parking lots. The information below describes additional elements required by EPA's General
Permit (see example maps in Figures 2.3 and 2.4).
EPA's General Permit requires that you indicate the following features on your site map:
• All outfalls and storm water discharges
• Drainage areas of each storm water outfall
• Structural storm water pollution control measures, such as:
- Flow diversion structures
- Retention/detention ponds " •
- Vegetative swales ^
- Sediment traps
• Name of receiving waters (or if through a Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System)
• Locations of exposed significant materials (see Section 2.2.2)
• Locations of past spills and leaks (see Section 2.2.3)
• Locations of high-risk, waste-generating areas and activities common on industrial sites such as:
Fueling stations
7 Vehicle/equipment washing and maintenance areas
- Area for unloading/loading materials
- Above-ground tanks for liquid storage
- Industrial waste management areas (landfills, waste piles, treatment plants, disposal areas)
Outside storage areas for raw materials, by-products, and finished products .
Outside manufacturing areas
Other areas of concern (specify: )
-------
-------
WONKA
^eweit IMUT »jitH-
001
DOUBLE SCOOP ICE CREAM COMPANY
PRE-BMP SITE MAP
MARCH 1,1993
-------
DOUBLE SCOOP ICE CREAM COMPANY
POST-BMP SITE MAP
MARCH 1,1993
-------
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Double Scoop ice cream Company
Site Assessment inspection
February 10, 1993
Evaluate the site for pollutants.
There are five areas where material handling and storage activities
take place.
• The storage building contains tanks of corn syrup, liquid
sugar, and the granular cleansers. The tanks were examined
for possible leaks. We found that the valve on the liquid
sugar tank #2 was faulty and had leaked approximately 10
gallons of liquid sugar. Although this leak occurred on
1/21/92, the faulty valve was not discovered until now.
All other tanks are secure. Areas around the tanks were
swept clean to determine if leaks or spills were prevalent.
• The milk storage tanks were then examined for leaks or
exposure. Upon closer examination, it was found that the
number 1 tank was leaking a small amount of milk to the
drainage system. This leak may be the reason for the high
concentration of biochemical oxygen demand found in the
sample taken from the storm water discharge. The tank was
temporarily fixed to ensure that no further contamination
would result. A replacement tank was ordered on February
6, 1993, and was expected to arrive within 5 business days.
The milk storage tanks shall be examined on a daily basis
to further prevent possible exposure to the storm water
collection system and receiving stream.
• We inspected the' fueling station to see if there were any
leaks. The general area surrounding the fueling station
was clean but we observed that gasoline and motor oil falls
during fueling. In accordance with standard operating
conditions, facility personnel hose down the area during
vehicle washing and the drain is connected to the storm
sewer. We detected this connection on 1/19/93 during one
of the non-storm water discharge assessment visual
inspections. Since this discharge is not allowed under bur
general permit, we are in the process of submitting a
separate permit application specifically for the discharge
of vehicle wash water.
• We examined the fueling station which is adjacent to the
vehicle washing area. Vehicle washing cleaners are used
here and any empty or open containers were removed from the
area.
-------
• We next looked at the loading and unloading docks where raw
materials and various cleansers are delivered. The
transfer of goods from incoming trucks to storage areas is
a source of pollution. Although no problems were noticed,
the pollution prevention team has developed a spill
prevention and response plan to clean up spills quickly and
report them if necessary.
• The last area we inspected was the runoff field below the
employee parking lot. Here we noticed a significant amount
of erosion resulting from recent construction to expand the
parking lot.
Describe existing management practices.
Grass was lightly planted around the parking lot after recent
construction. The fuel storage tank has curbing around it in
accordance with our SPCC plan. Also, the maintenance crew
regularly picks up trash and empty containers from around the
storage tanks, loading and unloading areas, and the vehicle washing
areas. Used oils are collected in containers and taken to a
recycling facility. In addition, we installed two oil/water
separators at the drains into our underground storm sewer leading
to the Rocky River. These separators are indicated on the site
map.
-------
Double Scoop Ice Cream Company
Existing Monitoring Data
Although our NPDES permit for process wastewater does not require
storm water sampling, we sampled our storm water on one occasion in
response to a questionnaire we received from the National
Association of Ice Cream Makers. They were collecting information
to submit as part of their comments on EPA's proposed general
permit.
Date of Sampling
Outfall Sampled
Type of Storm
Type of Samples
8/30/91
001
1 inch light rainfall
. (lasted 2 days)
Grab samples taken
during first hour of
flow
Data
Parameter
BOD
TSS
pH
Oil and
grease
Quantity
250 mg/1
100 mg/1
7.2 s.u.
5.0 mg/1
Sample
Type
Grab
Grab
Grab
Grab
Based upon the high concentration of BOD in the storm water samples
collected, pollution prevention team is considering possible
potential sources of BOD. We will look at storage areas housing
butter fat, milk, and whey solids tanks. , ..
-------
Double Scoop Ice Cream Company
Summary of Pollutant Sources
March 5, 1993
Based on the site assessment inspection conducted on 12/1/92, the
pollution prevention team identified four potential sources of
pollutants:
• Oil and grease stains on the pavement in the fueling area
indicate oil and grease may be picked up by storm water
draining to the storm sewer. This area drains into the
storm sewer leading to the Rocky River.
• Sediment and erosion potential in the field below the
employee parking lot because of thinly planted grass.
• Potential for spills, or leaks from liquid storage tanks,
including the fuel storage tank, based on a spill that
occurred on 1/21/92 and the leak that was detected in the
milk storage tank. These pollutants would drain into the
piped outfall into the Rocky River.
• Use of a toxic cleaning agent may result in a pollution
problem if handled improperly.
-------
Double Scoop ice Cream Company
Description of Storm Water Management Measures Taken
Based on Site Assessment Phase
March 5, 1993
These measures correspond to the pollutant sources identified on
the preceding page.
Oil and grease from fueling area. <
We installed drip pads around the fuel pumps to pick up spilled gas
and oil during truck refueling. These will be inspected regularly
to make sure they are working well.
Sediment and erosion in the field below the employee parking lot.
We planted grass in this area to reduce potential for erosion.
Leaks/spills from liquid storage tanks.
We are in the process of installing curbing around the outdoor
liquid storage tanks that will contain the volume of he largest
tank in case a spill should occur. The spill response team has
developed procedures to clean up this area should a spill occur.
We are incorporating spill response procedures from our SPCC plan.
Toxic cleaning agent.
We have discontinued the use of this agent and are replacing it
with a non-toxic cleaning agent.
-------
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Double Scoop Ice Cream Company
Employee Training Program
Who:
Line Workers
Maintenance Crew
Shipping and Receiving Crew
When:
Employee meetings held the first Monday of each month to discuss:
• Any environmental/health and safety incidents
• Upcoming training sessions •
« Brief reminders on good housekeeping, spill prevention and
response procedures, and material handling practices
• Announce any changes to the plan
• Announce any new management practices
In-depth pollution prevention training for new employees
Refresher courses held every 6 months (October and March)
'addressing: '
• Good housekeeping
• Spill prevention and response procedures
• . , t
• Materials handling and storage
Employee Training Program Topics:
Good Housekeeping
• Review and demonstrate basic cleanup (sweeping and
vacuuming) procedures.
• Clearly indicate proper disposal locations.
• Post signs in materials handling areas reminding staff of
good housekeeping procedures.
• Be sure employees know where routine clean-up equipment is
located.
-------
Spill Prevention and Response .
• Clearly identify potential spill areas and drainage routes
• Familiarize employees with past spill events — why they
happened and the environmental impact (use slides)
• Post warning signs in spill areas with emergency contacts
and telephone numbers
• Introduce Isaac Feldman as the Spill Response Coordinator
and introduce his "team"
• Drill on spill clean-up procedures
• Post the locations of spill clean-up equipment and the
persons responsible for operating the equipment
Materials Handling and Storage
• Be sure employees are aware which materials are hazardous
and where those materials are stored
• Point out container labels
• Tell employees to use the oldest materials first
• Explain recycling practices
• Demonstrate how valves are tightly closed and how drums
should be sealed
• Show how to fuel vehicles and avoid "topping off"
-------
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-------
Appendix 0
APPENDIX D
STORM WATER AND POLLUTION PREVENTION CONTACTS
AND ADDITIONAL POLLUTION PREVENTION INFORMATION
-------
-------
Appendix 0
STATE STORM WATER AND POLLUTION PREVENTION CONTACTS
State
*Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
'Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
'Connecticut
* Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
* Georgia
*Hawaii
Idaho
'Illinois
* Indiana
*lowa
* Kansas
'Kentucky
Storm Water Contact
John Poole
205-271-7852
Michael Menge
907-465-5260
See Region IX Contact
Marysia Jastrzebski
501-562-7444
Don Parrin
916-657-1288
Patricia Nelson
303-331-4590
Dick Mason
203-566-7167
Sarah Cooksey
302-739-5731
James Collier
202-404-1 1 20
Eric Livingston
904-488-0782
Mike Creason
404-656-4887
Steve Chang
808-586-4309
Jerry Yoder
208-334-5898
Tim Kluge
217-782-0610
Lonnie Brumfield
317-232-8705
Monica Wnuk
515-281-7017
Don Carlson
913-296-5555
Douglas Allgeier
502-564-3410
Pollution Prevention Contact
Daniel E. Cooper
205-271-7939
David Wigglesworth
907-465-5275
Stephanie Wilson
602-257-2318
Robert J. Finn
501-570-2861
Kim Wilhelm
916-324-1807
Kate Kramer
303-331-4510
Rita Lomasney (ConnTap)
203-241-0777
Andrea Farrell
302-739-3822
Hampton Cross
202-939-7116
Janet A. Campbell
904-488-0300
Susan Hendricks
404-656-2833
Jane Dewell
808-586-4226
Joy Palmer
208-334-5879
Mike Hayes "
217-782-8700
Joanna Joyce
317-232-8172
John Konefes
31 9-273-2079
Tom Gross
913-296-1603
Joyce St. Clair
502-588-7260
* Approved NPDES Program
September 1992
D-1
-------
Appendix D
STATE STORM WATER AND POLLUTION PREVENTION CONTACTS
State
Louisiana
Maine
•Maryland
Massachusetts
'Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
'Missouri
'Montana
'Nebraska
'Nevada
New Hampshire
'New Jersey
New Mexico
•New York
'North Carolina
'North Dakota
•Ohio
Storm Water Contact
Jim Delahoussaye
504-765-0525
Norm Marcotte
207-289-3901
Vince Berg
410-631-3553 .
Cynthia Hall
617-292-5656
Gary Boersen
517-373-1982
Scott Thompson
612-296-7203
Jerry Cain
601-961-5171
Bob Hentges
314-751-6825
Fred Shewman
406-444-2406
Clark Smith
402-471-4239
Rob Saunders
702-687-4670
Jeff Andrews
603-27 f-2457
Sandra Cohen
609-633-7021
Glen Saums
. 505-827-2827
Ken Stevens
518-457-1157
Coleen Sullins
919-733-5083
Sheila McClenatahan
701-221-5210
Robert Phelps
614-644-2034
Pollution Prevention Contact
Gary Johnson
504-765-0720
Scott Whittier
207-289-2651
Harry Benson
301-631-3315
Barbara Kelly
617-727-3260
Larry E. Hartwig
517-335-1178
Cindy McComas (MNTAP)
612-296-4646
Caroline Hill
601-325-8454
Becky Shannon
314-751-3176
Bill Potts
406-444-2821
Teri Swarts
402-471-4217
Kevin Dick
702-784-1717
Vincent R. Perelli
603-271-2902
Jean Herb
609-777-0518
Alex Puglisi
505-827-2804
John lanotti
518-457-7267
Gary Hunt
919-571-4100
Neil Knatterud
703-221-5166
Mike Kelly
614-644-3492
'Approved NPDES Program
D-2
September 1992
-------
Appendix D
STATE STORM WATER AND POLLUTION PREVENTION CONTACTS
_
State
Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
*Rhode Island
* South Carolina
South. Dakota
*Tennessee
Texas
*Utah
* Vermont
*Virgin Islands
*Virginia
*Washington
*West Virginia
*Wisconsin
*Wyoming
Storm Water Contact
Brooks Kirlin
504-231-2500
Ranei Nomura
503-229-5256
R.B. Patel
717-78778184
Ed Symanski
401-244-3931
Brigit McDade
803-734-5300
Glenn Pieritz
605-773-3351
Robert Haley
615-741-2275
Randy Wilburn
512-463-8446
Harry Campbell
801-538-6146
Brian Kooiker
802-244-5674
Marc Pacifico
809-773-0565
Martin Ferguson, Jr.
804-527-5030
Peter Birch
206-438-7076
Jerry Ray
304-348-0375
Ann Mauel
608-267-7634
John Wagner
307r777-7082
Pollution Prevention Contact
Chris Varga
405-271-7047
Roy W. Brower
503-229-6585
Greg Harder
717-772-2724
Janet Keller
401-277-3434
Jeffrey DeBossonet
803-734-4715
Vonnie Kallmeyn
605-773-3153
James Ault
615-742-6547
Priscilla Seymour
512-463-7761
Sonja Wallace
801-538-6170
Gary Gulka
802-244-8702
See Region II Contact
Sharon Kenneally-Baxter
804-371-8716
Stan Springer
206-438-7541
Dale Moncer
304-348-4000
Lynn Persson
608-267-3763
David Finley
307-777-7752
•Approved NPDES Program
September 1992
D-3
-------
Appendix D
EPA REGIONAL STORM WATER AND POLLUTION PREVENTION CONTACTS
State
REGION 1
REGION II
REGION III
REGION IV
REGION V
REGION VI
REGION VII
REGION VIII
REGION IX
REGION X
Storm Water Contact
Veronica Harrington
617-565-3525
Jose Rivera
212-264-2911
Kevin Magerr
215-597-1651
Roosevelt Childress
404-347-3379
Peter Swenson .
312-886-0236
Brent Larsen
214-655-7175
Ralph Summers
913-551-7418
Vern Berry
303-293-1630
Eugene Bromley
415-744-1906
Steve Bubnick
206-553-8399 .
Pollution Prevention Contact
Mark Mahoney
617-565-1155
Janet Sapadin
212-264-1925
Roy Denmark
215-597-8327
Carol Monell
404-347-7109
Louis Blume
312-353-4135
Laura Townsend
214-655-6525
Alan Wehmeyer
913-551-7336
Sharon Childs
303-293-1456
Jesse Baskir
415-744-2189
Carolyn Gangmark
206-553-4072
D-4
September 1992
-------
Appendix D,
ADDITIONAL POLLUTION PREVENTION INFORMATION
State pollution prevention programs have people who are knowledgeable about pollution prevention
and are willing to provide information and sometimes technical assistance on pollution prevention.
The EPA has pollution prevention experts located in a number of different program offices,
laboratories, and EPA Regional offices. These experts can provide information on starting a
pollution prevention program or on specific waste reduction BMPs. This Appendix lists State and
Federal pollution prevention contacts above. Trade associations are another good source of
pollution prevention information. Trade associations can often provide you with pollution
prevention assistance directly or refer you to someone who can.
A comprehensive listing of pollution prevention resources, documents, courses, and programs,
including names and phone numbers, is contained in a new annual EPA publication. Copies of this
document - Pollution Prevention Training Opportunities in 1992 — may be obtained by calling the
PPIC/PIES support number at (703) 821-4800.
One good source of information on pollution prevention is EPA's Pollution Prevention Information
Clearinghouse (PPIC). PPIC contains technical, policy, programmatic, legislative, and financial
information on pollution prevention efforts in the United States and abroad. The PPIC may be
reached by personal computer modem, telephone hotline, or mail. The PIES, or Pollution Prevention
Information Exchange System, is a free 24-hour electronic bulletin board consisting of message
centers, technical data bases, issue-specific "mini-exchanges," and a calendar of pollution
prevention events. The PIES allows a user to access the full range of infirmation in the PPIC. For
information on how to use the PPIC/PIES, call (703) 821-4800. To log on to the PIES system using
a modem and a PC, call (703) 506-1025 (set your communication software at 8 bits and no
parity).
EPA and State programs have developed manuals and fact sheets containing specific pollution
prevention information. These manuals and fact sheets listed below can be ordered free of charge
by calling the EPA Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse at (703) 821-4800.
September 1992 D-5
-------
Appendix D
INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC POLLUTION PREVENTION GUIDANCE MANUALS
AVAILABLE FROM THE PPIC
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
Guides
Guides
Guides
Guides
Guides
Guides
to Pollution
to Pollution
to Pollution
to Pollution
to Pollution
to Pollution
Prevention:
Prevention:
Prevention:
Prevention:
Prevention:
Prevention:
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
Automotive Refinishing Industry
Auto Repair Industry
The Commercial Printing Industry
The Fabricated Metal Industry
Fiberglass Reinforced and Composite
Plastics
Marine Maintenance and Repair
The Paint Manufacturing Industry
The Pesticide Formulating Industry
Pharmaceutical Preparation
Photoprocessing Industry
The Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing
Industry
Research and Educational Institutions
Selected Hospital Waste Streams
EPA/625/7-91/016
EPA/625/7-91/013
EPA/625/7-90/008
EPA/625/7-90/006
EPA/625/7-91/014
EPA/625/7-
EPA/625/7-
EPA/625/7-
EPA/625/7-
EPA/625/7-
EPA/625/7-
91/015
90/005
90/004
91/017
91/012
90/00
EPA/625/7-90/010
EPA/625/7-90-009
D-6
September 1992
-------
Appendix D
FACT SHEETS AVAILABLE FROM PPIC
General/introductory Information
Conservation Tips for Business
General .Guidelines .
Getting More Use Out of What We Have
Glossary of Waste Reduction Terms
Guides to Pollution Prevention
Hazardous Waste Fact Sheet for Minnesota
Generators
Hazardous Waste Minimization
How Business Organizations Can Help
Increase Your Corporate and Product Image
Industrial Hazardous Wastes in Minnesota
Local Governments and Pollution
Prevention
Pollution Prevention (General)
Pollution Prevention Fees
Pollution Prevention Training and Education
Pollution Prevention Through Waste
Reduction
Recent Publications
Reduce Hazardous Waste
Reuse Strategies for Local Government ,
Source Reduction Techniques for Local
Government
U.S. EPA's Pollution Prevention Program
Video Tapes Available from the Virginia
Waste Minimization Program
Waste Exchange: Everybody Wins!
Waste Exchange Services
Waste Minimization Fact Sheet
Waste Minimization in the Workplace
Waste Reduction Can Work For You
Waste Reduction Overview
Waste Reduction/Pollution Prevention:
Getting Started
Waste Reduction Tips for AH Businesses
Waste Source Reduction Checklist
What is Pollution Prevention?
Why Reduce Waste?
Legislative Information/
EPA and State initiatives
« About Minnesota's "But Recycled
Campaign"
• Alaska State Agency Waste Reduction and
Recycling
• EPA's 2% Set Aside Pollution Prevention
Projects
• EPA's "List of Lists" Projects
• EPA's Pollution Prevention Enforcement
Settlement Policy
• EPA's Pollution Prevention Incentives for
States
• EPA's Pollution Prevention Strategy
• Introducing the Colorado Pollution
Prevention Program
• Michigan's Solid Waste Reduction Strategy
• Minnesota's Toxic Pollution Prevention Act
• New Form R Reporting Requirements
• Oregon's Toxic Use Reduction Act
• Pollution Prevention Act of 1990
• Promoting Pollution Prevention in
Minnesota State Government
September 1992
D-7
-------
Appendix D
Setting Up A Program
1991 Small Business Pollution Prevention
Grants
An Organization Strategy for Pollution
Prevention
Considerations in Selecting a Still for
Onsite Recycling
Colorado Technical Information Center
Onsite Assistance (Colorado only)
Pollution Prevention Grant Program
Summaries and Reports
Procuring Recycled Products
Recycling Market Development Program
Selecting a Supplier, Hauler, and Materials
Broker
Solid Waste Management Financial
Assistance Program
Source Reduction at Your Facility
Starting Your Own Waste Reduction
Program
The Alexander Motor's Success Story
The Eastside Plating Success Story
The Tektronics Payoff
The Wacker Payoff
Waste Reduction Checklists:
- General
- Cleaning
- Coating/Painting
- Formulating
- Machining
- Operating Procedures
- Plating/Metal Finishing
Waste Source Reduction: Implementing a
Program
. Process/Material Specific
Aerosol Containers
Aircraft Rinsewater Disposal
Acids/Bases
Chemigation Practices to Prevent Ground
Water Contamination
Corrugated Cardboard Waste Reduction
Demolition
Empty Containers
Gunwasher Maintenance
Lead Acid Batteries
Machine Coolants:
- Prolonging Coolant Life
- Waste Reduction
Metal Recovery: .
- Dragout Reduction
- Ion Exchange/Electrolytic Recovery
- Etchant Substitution
Metals Recycling
Office Paper Waste Reduction
Old Paints, Inks, Residuals, and Related
Materials
Pesticides:
- Disposal of Unused Pesticides, Tank
Mixes, and Rinsewater
- In-Filled Sprayer Rinse System to Reduce
Pesticide Wastes
- Pesticide Container Disposal
- Preventing Pesticide Pollution of Surface
and Ground Water
D-8
September 1992
-------
Appendix D
- Preventing Well Contamination by
Pesticides
- Protecting Mountain Springs from
Pesticide Contamination
- Reducing and Saving Money Using
Integrated Pest Management
• Plastics:
- The Facts About Production, Use, and
Disposal
- The Facts on Degradable Plastics
r The Facts on Recycling Plastics
- The Facts on Source Reduction
• Printing Equipment
• Refrigerant Reclamation Equipment/
Services
• Reverse Osmosis
• Safety Kleen, Inc., Users
• Shop Rags from Printers
• Small Silver Recovery Units
•'Solvents:
- Alternatives to CFC-113 Used in the
Cleaning of Electronic Circuit Boards
- Onsite Solvent Reclamation
- Reducing Shingle Waste at a
Manufacturing Facility
- Reducing Solvent Emissions from Vapor
Degreasers
- Small Solvent Recovery Systems
- Solvent Loss Control
- Solvent Management: Printing Press
- Solvent Recovery: Fiber Production Plant
- Solvent Reduction in Metal Parts
Cleaning
- Solvent Reuse: Technical Institute
- Trichloroethylene and Stoddard Solvent
Reduction Alternatives
Ultrafiltration
Used Containers: Management
Used Oil Recycling
Waste Management Guidance for Oil
Clean-Up
Water and Chemical Reduction for Cooling
Towers
Waste Water Treatment Opportunities
Industry-Specific information
Aerospace Industry
Auto Body Shops
Automotive Painting
Automotive/Vehicle Repair Shops
Auto Salvage Yards
Asbestos Handling, Transport, and Disposal
Chemical Production
Coal Mining
Concrete Panel Manufacturers
Dairy Industry:
- Cut Waste and Reduce Surcharges for
Your Dairy Plant
- Dairy CEOs: Do You Have a $500
Million Opportunity?
- Liquid Assets for Your Dairy Plant
- Water and Wastewater Management in a
Dairy Processing Plant
Dry Cleaners
Electrical Power Generators
September 1992
D-9
-------
Appendix D
• Electroplating Industry:
- Dragout Management for Electroplaters
- Plating with Trivalent Chrome Instead of
Cr+6
- Water Conservation Using Counter
Current Rinsing
- Water Conservation: Tank Design
- Water Conservation: Rinsewater Reuse
- What Should I Do With My Electroplating
Sludge?
• Fabricated Metal Manufacturers .
• Rberglass Fabricators: Volatile Emissions
Reduction
• Machine Toolers
• Metal Finishers:
- General
- Effluent Minimization
- Rinsewater Reduction
• Oil Refiners
• Paint Formulators
• Paper Manufacturers
• Pesticide Formulating Industry
• Photofinishers/Photographic Processors
• Poultry Industry:
- Poultry CEOs: You May Have a $60
Million Opportunity
- Poultry Processors: You Can Reduce
Waste Load and Cut Sewer Surcharges
- Survey Shows That Poultry Processors
Can Save Money By Conserving Water
- Systems for Recycling Water in Poultry
Processing
• Printed Circuit Board Manufacturers
• Printing Industry
« Radiator Service Firms
« Shrimp Processors
• Steel Manufacturers
• Textile Industry:
/
- Dye Bath and Bleach Bath Reconstitution
^
- Water Conservation
• Wire Milling Operations: Process Water
Reduction
D-10
September 1992
-------
Appendix E
APPENDIX E
BMP FACT SHEETS
-------
-------
SILT FENCE
September 1992
Design Criteria
A Silt fences are appropriate at the following general locations:
A Immediately upstream of the point(s) of runoff discharge from a site before flow; becomes
concentrated (maximum design flow rate should not exceed 0.5 cubic feet per second).
A Below disturbed areas where runoff may occur in the form of overland flow.
r ' -. ' t '- . '
A Ponding should not be allowed behind silt fences since they will collapse under high pressure; the
design should provide sufficient outlets to prevent overtopping.
A The drainage area should not exceed 0.25 acre per 100 feet of fence length.
A For slopes between 50:1 and 5:1, the maximum allowable upstream flow path length to the fence
is 100 feet; for slopes of 2:1 and steeper, the maximum is 20 feet.
A The maximum upsiope grade perpendicular to the fence line should not exceed 1:1.
A Synthetic silt fences should be designed for 6 months of service; burlap is only acceptable for
periods of up to 60 days. .
A Synthetic filter fabric should be a pervious sheet of polypropylene, nylon, polyester, or polyethylene
yarn conforming to the requirements in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1. SYNTHETIC FILTER FABRIC REQUIREMENTS
Physical Property
Filtering Efficiency
Tensile Strength at 20%
(maximum) Elongation
Slurry Flow Rate
Requirements
75% - 85% (minimum)
Standard Strength - 30 Ib/linear inch (minimum)
Extra Strength - 50 Ib/linear inch
(minimum)
0.3 gal/ft2/min (minimum)
Synthetic filter fabric should contain ultraviolet ray inhibitors and stabilizers to provide a minimum
of 6 months of expected usable, construction life at a temperature range of 0 to 120°F.
Burlap of 10 ounces per square yard of fabric can also be used.
The filter fabric should be purchased in a continuous roll to avoid joints.
While not required, wire fencing may be used as a backing to reinforce standard strength filter
fabric. The wire fence (14 gauge minimum) should be at 22-48 inches wide and should have a
maximum mesh spacing of 6 inches.
Posts should be 2-4 feet long and should be composed of either 2" x 2-4" pine (or equivalent) or
1.00 to 1.33 Ib/linear ft steel. Steel posts should have projections for fastening wire and fabric to
them.
Construction Specifications
The maximum height of the filter fence should range between 18 and 36 inches above the ground
surface (depending on the amount of upsiope ponding expected).
E-1
-------
SILT FENCE
Posts should be spaced 8 to 10 feet apart when a .wire mesh support fence is used and no more
than 6 feet apart when extra strength filter fabric {without a wire fence) is used. The posts should
extend 12 to-30 inches into the ground.
A trench should be excavated 4 to 8 inches wide and 4 to 12 inches deep along the upslope side
of the line of posts. ;
If standard strength filter fabric is to be used, the optional wire mesh support fence may be fastened
to the upslope side of the posts using 1 inch heavy duty wire staples, tie wires, or hog rings.
Extend the wire mesh support to the bottom of the trench. The filter fabric should then be stapled
or wired to the fence, and 8 to 20 inches of the fabric should extend into the trench (Figure 1).
Extra strength filter fabric does not require a wire mesh support fence. Staple or wire the filter
fabric directly to the posts and extend 8 to 20 inches of the fabric into the trench (Figure 1).
Where joints in the fabric are required, the filter cloth should be spliced together only at a support
post, with a minimum 6-inch overlap, and securely sealed.
Do not attach filter fabric to trees.
Backfill the trench with compacted soil or 0.75 inch minimum diameter gravel placed over the filter
fabric.
Maintenance
Inspect filter fences daily during periods of prolonged rainfall, immediately after each rainfall event,
and weekly during periods of no rainfall. Make any required repairs immediately.
Sediment must be removed when it reaches one-third to one-half the height of the filter fence. Take
care to avoid damaging the fence during cleanout.
Filter fences should not be removed until the upslope area has been permanently stabilized. Any
sediment deposits remaining in place after the filter fence has been removed should be dressed to
conform with the existing grade, prepared, and seeded.
A Silt fence installation costs approximately $6.00 per linear foot.
A Commonwealth of Virginia - County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For Erosion And Sediment
Control - Fairfax County, Virginia.
A State of North Carolina, 1988. Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
A Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991. 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soil Erosion And Sediment Control - Draft.
E-2
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PIPE SLOPE DRAIN
September 1992
Design Criteria
A Pipe Slope Drains (PSD) are appropriate in the following general locations:
A On cut or fill slopes before permanent storm water drainage structures have been installed.
A Where earth dikes or other diversion measures have been used to concentrate flows.
A On any slope where concentrated runoff crossing the face of the slope may cause gullies,
channel erosion, of saturation of slide-prone soils.
A As an outlet for a natural drainageway.
A The drainage area may be up to 10 acres; however, many jurisdictions consider 5 acres the
recommended maximum.
A The PSD design should handle the peak runoff for the 10-year storm. Typical relationships between
area and pipe diameter are shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AREA AND PIPE DIAMETER
Maximum- Drainage Area
(Acres)
0.5
0.75
1.0
Pipe Diameter {D}
' (Inches)
12
15
18
Pipe may be heavy duty flexible tubing designed for this purpose, e.g., nonperforated, corrugated
plastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe, bituminous fiber pipe, or specially designed flexible tubing.
A standard flared end section secured with a watertight fitting should be use for the inlet. A
standard T-section fitting may also be used.
Extension collars should be 12-inch long sections of corrugated pipe. All fittings must be
watertight.
Construction Specifications
Place the pipe slope drain on undisturbed or well-compacted soil.
Soil around and under the entrance section must be hand-tamped in 4-inch to 8-inch lifts to the top
of the dike to prevent piping failure around the inlet.
Place filter cloth under the inlet and extend 5 feet in front of the inlet and be keyed in 6-inches on
all sides to prevent erosion. A 6-inch metal toe plate may also be used for this purpose.
Ensure firm contact between the pipe and the soil at all points fay backfilling around and under the
pipe with stable soil material hand compacted in lifts of 4-inches to 8-inches.
Securely stake the PSD to the slope using grommets provided for this purpose at intervals of 10 feet
or less.
Ensure that all slope drain sections are securely fastened together and have watertight fittings.
E-3
-------
PIPE SLOPE DRAIN
Extend the pipe beyond the toe of the slope and discharge at a nonerosive velocity into a stabilized
area (e.g., rock outlet protection may be used) or to a sedimentation trap or pond.
The PSD should have a minimum slope of 3 percent or steeper.
The height at the centerline of the earth dike should range from a minimum of 1.0 foot ove'r the pipe
to twice the diameter of the pipe measured from the invert of the pipe. It should also be at least
6 inches higher than the adjoining ridge on either side.
At no point along the dike will the elevation of the top of the dike be less than 6 inches higher than
the top of the pipe.
Immediately stabilize all areas disturbed by installation or removal of the PSD.
Maintenance
A Inspect regularly and after every storm. Make any necessary repairs.
A Check to see that water is not bypassing the inlet and undercutting the inlet or pipe. If necessary,
install headwall or sandbags.
A Check for erosion at the outlet point and check the pipe for breaks or clogs. Install additional outlet
protection if needed and immediately repair the breaks and clean any clogs.
A Do not allow construction traffic to cross the PSD and do not place any material on it.
A If a sediment trap has been provided, clean it out when the sediment level reaches 1 /3 to 112 the
design volume.
A The PSD should remain in place until the slope has been completely stabilized or up to 30 days after
permanent slope stabilization.
A Pipe slope drain costs are generally based upon the pipe type and size (generally, flexible PVC at
$5.00 per linear foot). Also adding to this cost are any expenses associated with inlet and outlet
structures.
Commonwealth of Virginia - County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For .Erosion And Sediment
Control - Fairfax County, Virginia.
State of North Carolina, 1988. Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991. 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soil Erosion And Sediment Control - Draft.
Storm Water Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin. State of Washington, Department
of Ecology, 1991.
Cost Data:
A Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, April 20,1990. Prepared
by Kamber Engineering for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits, Washington, D.C. 20460.
E-4
-------
FILTER FABRIC INLET PROTECTION
September 1992
Design Criteria
A Inlet protection is appropriate in the following locations;
A In small drainage areas (less than 1 acre) where the storm drain inlet is functional before the
drainage area has been permanently stabilized.
A Where there is danger of sediment silting in an inlet which is in place prior to permanent
stabilization.
A Filter fabric inlet protection is appropriate for most types of inlets where the drainage area is one
acre or less. .
A The drainage area should be fairly flat with slopes of 5% or less and the area immediately
surrounding the inlet should not exceed a slope of 1 %.
A Overland flow to the inlet should be no greater than 0.5 cfs.
A This type of inlet protection is not appropriate for use in paved areas because the filter fabric
requires staking.
A To avoid failure caused by pressure against the fabric when overtopping occurs, it is recommended
that "the height of the filter fabric be limited to 1.5 feet above the crest of the drop inlet.
A It is recommended that a sediment trapping sump of 1 to ,2 feet in depth with side slopes of 2:1 be
provided.
A Filter fabric (see the fabric specifications for silt fence).
A Wooden stakes 2" x 2" or 2"x 4" with a minimum length of 3 feet.
A Heavy-duty wire staples at least % inch in length. ,
A Washed gravel % inches in diameter.
Construction Specifications
Place a stake at each corner of the inlet and around the edges at no more than 3 feet apart. Stakes
should be, driven into the ground 18 inches or at a minimum 8 inches. .
For stability a framework of wood strips should be installed around the stakes at the crest of the
overflow area 1.5 feet above the crest of the drop inlet.
Excavate a trench of 8 inches to 12 inches in depth around the outside perimeter of the stakes. If
a sediment trapping sump is being provided then the excavation may be as deep as 2 feet.
Staple the filter fabric to the wooden stakes with heavy-duty staples, overlapping the joints to the
next stake. Ensure that between 12 inches to 32 inches of filter fabric extends at the bottom so
it can be formed into the trench. „
Place the bottom of the fabric in the trench and backfill the trench all the way around using washed
gravel to a minimum depth of 4 inches.
E-5
-------
FILTER FABRIC INLET PROTECTION
Maintenance
A Inspect regularly and after every storm. Make any repairs necessary to ensure the measure is in
good working order.
A Sediment should be removed and the trap restored to its original dimensions when sediment has
accumulated to % the design depth of the trap.
A If the filter fabric becomes clogged it should be replaced immediately.
A Make sure that the stakes are firmly in the ground and that.the filter fabric continues to be securely
anchored.
A All sediments removed should be properly disposed.
A Inlet protection should remain in place and operational until the drainage area is completely stabilized
or up to 30 days after the permanent site stabilization is achieved.
A The cost of storm drain inlet protection varies dependent upon the size and type of inlet to be
protected but generally is about $300.00 per inlet.
A Commonwealth of Virginia - County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For Erosion And Sediment
Control - Fairfax County, Virginia.
A State of North Carolina, 1988. Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
A Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991. 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soil Erosion And Sediment Control - Draft.
A Storm Water Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin. State of Washington, Department
of Ecology, 1991.
A Cost Data:
A Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, April 20,1990. Prepared
by Kamber Engineering for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits, Washington, D.C. 20460.
E-6
-------
EXCAVATED GRAVEL INLET PROTECTION
September 1992
Design Criteria
A Inlet protection is appropriate in the following locations:
A ,ln small drainage areas (less than 1 acre) where the storm drain inlet is functional before the
drainage area has been permanently stabilized.
A Where there is danger of sediment silting in an inlet which is in place prior to permanent
stabilization.
A Where ponding around the inlet structure could be a problem to traffic on site.
A Excavated gravel and mesh inlet protection may be used with most inlets where overflow capability
is needed and in areas of heavy flows, 0.5 cfs or greater.
A The 'drainage area should not exceed 1 acre.
A The drainage area should be fairly flat with slopes of 5% or less.
A The trap should have a sediment trapping sump of 1 to 2 feet measured from the crest of the inlet.
. Side slopes should be 2:1. The recommended volume of excavation is 35 yd3/acre disturbed.
A To achieve maximum trapping efficiency the longest dimension of the basin should be oriented
toward the longest inflow area.
A Hardware cloth or wire mesh with % inch openings.
A Filter fabric (see the fabric specifications for silt fence).
A Washed gravel % inches to 4 inches in diameter.
Construction Specifications
Remove any obstructions to excavating and grading. Excavate sump area, grade slopes and
properly dispose of soil.
The inlet grate should be secured to prevent seepage of sediment laden water.
Place wire mesh over the drop inlet so that the wire extends a minimum of 1 foot beyond each side
of the inlet structure. Overlap the strips of mesh if more than one is necessary.
Place filter fabric over the mesh extending it at least 18 inches beyond the inlet opening on all sides.
Ensure that weep holes in the inlet structure are protected by filter fabric and gravel.
Place stone/gravel over the fabric/wire mesh to a depth of at least 1 foot.
E-7
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EXCAVATED GRAVEL INLET PROTECTION
Maintenance
A Inspect regularly and after every storm. Make any repairs necessary to ensure the measure is in
good working order.
A Sediment should be removed and the trap restored to its original dimensions when sediment has
accumulated to % the design depth of the trap.
A Clean or remove and replace the stone filter or filter fabric if they become clogged.
A Inlet protection should remain in place and operational until the drainage area is completely stabilized
or up to 30 days after the permanent site stabilization is achieved.
A The cost of storm drain inlet protection varies dependent upon the size and type of inlet to be
protected but generally is about $300.00 per inlet.
A Commonwealth of Virginia - County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For Erosion And Sediment
Control - Fairfax County, Virginia.
A State of North Carolina, 1988. Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
A Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991. 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soil Erosion And Sediment Control - Draft.
A Storm Water Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin. State of Washington, Department
of Ecology, 1991.
A Cost Data:
A Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, April 20, 1990. Prepared
by Kamber Engineering, for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits, Washington, D.C. 20460.
E-8
-------
BLOCK AND GRAVEL INLET PROTECTION
September 1992
Design Criteria
A Inlet protection is appropriate in the following locations:
A In drainage areas (less than 1 acre) where the storm drain inlet is functional before the drainage
area has been permanently stabilized.
A Where there is danger of sediment silting in an inlet which is in place prior to permanent
stabilization.
A Block and gravel inlet protection may be used with most types of inlets where overflow capability
is needed and in areas of heavy flows 0.5 cfs or greater.
A The drainage area should not exceed 1 acre.
A The drainage area should be fairly flat with slopes of 5% or less.
A To achieve maximum trapping efficiency the longest dimension of the basin should be oriented
toward the longest inflow area.
A Where possible the trap should have sediment trapping sump of 1 to 2 feet in depth with side slopes
of 2:1.
A There are several other types of inlet protection also used to prevent siltation of storm drainage
systems and structures during construction, they are:
A Filter Fabric Inlet Protection
,A Excavated Gravel Inlet Protection ' .
Hardware cloth or wire mesh with % inch openings
Filter fabric (see the fabric specifications for silt fence)
Concrete block 4 inches to 12 inches wide.
Washed gravel % inches to 4 inches in diameter
Construction Specifications
A The inlet grate should be secured to prevent seepage of sediment laden water.
A Place wire mesh over the drop inlet so that the wire extends a minimum of 12 inches to 18 inches
beyond each side of the inlet structure. Overlap the strips of mesh if more than one is necessary.
A Place filter fabric (optional) over the mesh and extend it at least 18 inches beyond the inlet
structure.
A Place concrete blocks over the filter fabric in a single row lengthwise on their sides along the sides
of the inlet. The foundation should be excavated a minimum of 2 inches below the crest of the inlet
and the bottom row of blocks should be against the edge of the structure for lateral support.
A The open ends of the block should face outward not upward and the ends of adjacent blocks should
abut. Lay one block on each side of the structure on its side to allow for dewatering of the pool.
A The block barrier should be at least 12 inches high and may be up to a maximum of 24 inches high
and may be from 4 inches to 12 inches in depth depending on the size of block used. .
A Prior to backfilling, place wire mesh over the outside vertical end of the blocks so that stone does
not wash down the inlet.
A Place gravel against the wire mesh to the top of the blocks.
E-9
-------
BLOCK AND GRAVEL INLET PROTECTION
Maintenance |
A Inspect regularly and after every storm. Make any repairs necessary to ensure the measure is in
good working order.
A Sediment should be removed and the trap restored to its original dimensions when sediment has
accumulated to % the design depth of the trap.
A All sediments removed should be properly disposed of.
A Inlet protection should remain in place and operational until the drainage area is completely stabilized
or up to 30 days after the permanent site stabilization is achieved.
A The cost of- storm drain inlet protection varies dependent upon the size and type of inlet to be
protected but generally is about $300.00 per inlet.
A Commonwealth of Virginia - County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For Erosion And Sediment
Control - Fairfax County, Virginia. :
A State of North Carolina, 1988. Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
A Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991. 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soil Erosion And Sediment Control - Draft.
A Storm Water Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin. State of Washington, Department
of Ecology, 1991.
A Cost Data:
A Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, April 20,1990. Prepared
by Kamber Engineering for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits, Washington, D.C. 20460.
E-10
-------
TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP
September 1992
Design Criteria
Temporary sediment traps are appropriate in the following locations:
A At the outlet of the perimeter controls installed during the first stage of construction.
A At the outlet of any structure which concentrates sediment-laden runoff, e.g. at the discharge
point of diversions, channels, slope drains, or other runoff conveyances.
A Above a storm water inlet that is in line to receive sediment-laden runoff.
Temporary sediment traps may be constructed by excavation alone or by excavation in combination
with an embankment.
Temporary sediment traps are often used in conjunction with a diversion dike or swale.
The drainage area for the sediment trap should not exceed 5 disturbed acres.
The trap must be accessible for ease of regular maintenance which is critical to its functioning
properly.
Sediment traps are temporary measures and should not be planned to remain in place longer than
between 18 and 24 months. .
The capacity of the sedimentation pool should provide storage volume for 3,600 cubic feet/acre
drainage area. .
The outlet should be designed to provide a 2 foot settling depth and an additional sediment storage
area 1 % feet deep at the bottom of the trap.
The embankment may not. exceed 5 feet in height.
The recommended minimum width at the top of the embankment is between 2 feet and 5 feet.
The minimum recommended length of the weir is between 3 feet and 4 feet, and the maximum is
12 feet in length.
Table 5 illustrates the typical relationship between the embankment height, the height of the outlet
(H0), and the .width (W) at the top of the embankment.
TABLE 5. EMBANKMENT HEIGHT vs. OUTLET HEIGHT AND WIDTH
K
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
H0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
W
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.O
3.0
4.0
4.5
Filter fabric (see fabric requirement for silt fence)
Coarse aggregate or riprap 2 inches to 14 inches in diameter
Washed gravel % to 1 % inches in diameter
Seed and mulch for stabilization
E-11
-------
TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP
Construction Specifications
Clear the area of all trees, brush, stumps or other obstructions.
Construct the embankment in 8 inch lifts compacting each lift with the appropriate earth moving
equipment. Fill material must be free of woody vegetation, roots, or large stones.
Keep cut and fill slopes between 3:1 and 2:1 or flatter.
Line the outlet area with filter fabric prior to placing stone or gravel.
Construct the gravel outlet using heavy stones between 6 inches and 14 inches in diameter and face
the upstream side with a 12 inch layer of % inch to 1 % inch washed gravel on the upstream side.
Seed and mulch the embankment as soon as possible to ensure stabilization.
Maintenance
Inspect regularly and after every storm. Make any repairs necessary to ensure the measure is in
good working order.
Frequent removal of sediment is critical to the functioning of this measure. At a minimum sediment
should be removed and the trap restored to its original volume when sediment reaches % of the
original volume.
Sediment removed from the trap must be properly disposed.
Check the embankment regularly to make sure it is structurally sound.
A Costs for a sediment trap vary widely based upon their size and the amount of excavation and stone
required, they usually can be installed for $500 to $7,000.
A Commonwealth of Virginia - County of Fairfax, 1987. 1987 Check List For Erosion And Sediment
Control - Fairfax County, Virginia.
A State of North Carolina, 1988. Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual. North
Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development.
A Maryland Department of the Environment, 1991. 1991 Maryland Standards And Specifications For
Soil Erosion And Sediment Control - Draft.
A Storm Water Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin. State of Washington, Department
of Ecology, 1991.
A Cost Data:
A Draft Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, April 20,1990. Prepared
by Kamber Engineering for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits, Washington, D.C. 20460.
E-12
-------
Appendix F
APPENDIX F
TESTS FOR NON-STORM WATER DISCHARGES
-------
-------
Appendix F
TESTS FOR NON-STORM WATER DISCHARGES
DYE TESTING
Dye testing can be used to establish positively if certain facilities or fixtures are connected to a
storm water collection system. The dye is simply introduced into the suspected waste stream, and
storm water outfalls are examined for detections of the dye. Specially manufactured dyes are
available for this type of testing. Check with your local sewer authority before conducting this
test—dyes can be toxic and thus harmful to the municipal sewage treatment plant
Equipment
Two types of safe and harmless but effective dyes are available for dye testing. Powder in cans or
containers is measured by a spoon or small dipper. Tablets of the dye are slower to dissolve than
the powder form, but are less messy and are sometimes more desirable than the powder for this
reason. The dye is the only piece of equipment needed. Regardless of the type of dye, dissolve it
in the flow. A tablet may sink into a sump or wet well and riot circulate with the usual flow.
CAUTION: Some dyes may leave a stain if spilled. These stains can be very difficult to remove.
Contact the water pollution control agency to determine if there are any regulations regarding the
use of dyes. .
Operation
While one operator applies the dye to the suspected location, another operator maintains a watch
at the next downstream manhole from the location.
• Where a plumbing fixture is used, such as a water closet bowl or basin, the water is turned
on and the dye powder or tablet is dropped directly into the drain.
• Where there is no immediate supply of water, such as a roof gutter or storm drain in dry
weather, pouring a bucket of water with the dye powder is suggested. The amount of
water and dye needed depends on the distance to the next manhole and the existing flow.
• Based on the assumed velocity of flow, an estimate may be made of the expected flow time
to the downstream manhole. Allow plenty of time because the dye often takes much longer
than expected.
• Use of powdered dye can be difficult and messy on a windy day. When the wind blows,
either pre-mix the dye in water or enclose a quantity of the powder dye in either tissue or
toilet paper. Wind can scatter a powdered dye, the dye is impossible to collect. The dye
may land on the property of nearby residents and businesses, and when wet, cause stains
on buildings, autos, clothes, and landscaping.
• When a number of dye tests are to be conducted on the same line or section of a sewer
system, the dye testing should start at the facility farthest downstream and progressively
work upstream for the other dye tests. Otherwise, if you dye the facilities upstream first,
the flow is then contaminated with dye, and you then must wait several hours or until the
next day to conduct additional tests.
• When tests are completed, record whether or not the service is connected to the sewer.
September 1992 F-1
-------
-------
Appendix G
APPENDIX G
COMPARISON OF OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS
-------
-------
Appendix G
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September 1992
-------
Appendix G
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Appendix G
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September 1992
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September 1992
-------
Appendix H
APPENDIX H
LIST OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND REPORTABLE QUANTITIES
-------
-------
Appendix I
LIST OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND REPORTABLE QUANTITIES
40 CFR 302.4 and 117
Note: All comments are located at the end of this table.
1
Hazardous Substance
Acenaphthene
Aceriaphthylene
Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde, chloro-
Acetaldehyde, trichloro-
Acetamide, N-
(aminothioxomethyl)- .
Acetamide, N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-
Acetamide, 2-fluoro-
Acetamide, N-9H-fluoren-2-yl-
Acetic acid
Acetic1 acid (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-
Acetic Acid, lead{2 + ) salt
Acetic acid, thalliumd +) salt
Acetic acid (2,4,5-
tfichlorophenoxy)- .
Acetic acid, ethyl ester
Acetic acid, fluoro-, sodium salt
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetone cyanohydrin
Ace'tonitrile
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Acetyl bromide
Acetyl chloride
1 -Acetyl-2-thiourea
Acrolein
Acrylamide
CASRN
83329
208968
75070
1O7200
75876
591082
62442
640197
53963
64197
94757
301O42
563688
93765
141786
62748
1O8247
67641
75865
75058
98862
53963
506967
75365
591 O82
107028
79061
Regulatory Synonyms
Ethanal
Chloroacetaldehyde
Chloral
1 -Acetyl-2-thiourea
. Phenacetin
Fluoroacetamide
2-Acetylaminofluorene
2,4-D Acid
2,4-D, salts and esters
Lead acetate
Thalliumd) acetate
2,4, 5-T
2,4, 5-T acid
Ethyl acetate
Fluoroacetic acid, sodium salt
2-Propanone
Propanenitrile, 2-hydroxy-2-
methyl-2-Methyllactonitrile
Ethanone, 1-phenyl-
Acetamide, N-9H-f luoren-2 yl-
Acetamide, N-
(aminothioxomethyl)- ,
2-Propenal
2-Propenamide
Statutory
RQ
1"
1»
1000
1"
1*
1"
1*
1*
1*
.1000
100
50OO
T*
100
1*
1*
1000
T
10
1»
1"
1"
50OO
5000
1*
1
1*
Codat
2
2
1,4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1,4
1,4
4
.1,4
4
4
1
. '4
1,4
4
4
4
1
1,4
4
1,2,4
4
RCRA
Waste*
U001
P023
U034
P002
U187
P057
UOO5
U24O .
U144
U214
U232
U112
P058
UOO2
PO69
UOO3
UOO4
U005
UOO6
P002
POOS
U007
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
D
C
C
D
C
B
B
X
D
B
B
C
D
A
D
O
A
D
D
X
D
D
C
X
D
Pounds (Kg)
100 (45.4)
5OOO (2270)
10OO (454)
1000(454)
5OOO (2270)
1000 (454)
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
1 (0.454)
5000 (2270)
100(45.4}
#
100 (45.4)
1000 (454)
500O (2270)
10(4.54)
500O (2270)
50OO (227O)
10(4.54)
5000 (2270)
5000 (2270)
1 (0.454)
500O (227O)
5000 (2270)
1000(454)
1 (0.454)
50OO (2270)
September 1992
H-1
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Adfpic acid
AWicarb
Atdrin
Ally! alcohol
Ally! chloride
Aluminum phosphide
Aluminum sulfate
6=(Aminomethy!)-3-isoxQZoIol
4-Aminopyridins
Amitrole
Ammonia
Ammonium acetate
Ammonium benzoato
Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium bichromate .»
Ammonium bifluoride
Ammonium bisulfite
Ammonium carbamate
Ammonium carbonate
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chromate
Ammonium citrate, dibasic
Ammonium fhioborate
Ammonium fluoride
Ammonium hydroxide
Ammonium oxalate
CASRN
79107
107131
124049
1 1 6063
3090O2
107186
107061
20859738
10O43O13
2763964
5O4246
61826
7664417
631618
1863634
1066337
7789O95
1341497
101923OO
1111780
5O6876
12125029
7788989
3012655
13826830
12125018
1336216
6O097O7
Regulatory Synonyms
2-Propenoic acid
2-Propenenitrile
Propanal, 2-methyl-2-
(methylthio)-,O-[(methylamino)
carbonyljoxime
1 ,4,5,8-Dimethanonaphthalene,
1 ,2,3,4, 1 0,1 0-1 0-hexachloro-
1 ^-^a.S.S.Sa-hexahydro-,
(1alpha,4alpha,4abeta,5alpha, •
8alpha,8abeta)-
2-Propen-1-ol
Muscimol 3(2H)-lsoxazolone, 5-
(aminomethyl)-
4-Pyridinamine
1 H-1 ,2,4-Triazol-3-amine
Statutory
RQ
1"
100
5OOO
1"
1
100
1000
1"
5OOO
1"
1*
1*
1OO
5000
5000
5000
10OO
500O
5OOO
500O
5000
5000
10OO
50OO
50OO
5000
1OOO
5OOO
Cod«t
4
1,2,4
1
4
1,2,4
1.4
1
4
1
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
RCRA
Waste*
UO08
U009
P070
POO4
POOS
PO06
POO7
POOS
U011
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
D
B
D
X
X
B
C
B
0
C
C
A
B
D
D
D,
A
B
D
0
D
0
A
D
D
B
C .
D
Pound* (Kg)
5OOO (2270)
100 (45.4)
5000 (2270)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 0O (45.4)
1000 (454)
100 (45.4)
50OO (2270)
1OOO (454)
10OO (454)
10 (4.54)
1OO (45.4)
5000 (2270)
5000 (2270)
5000 (2270)
1O (4.54)
100(45.4)
5000 (2270)
5000 (2270)
5OOO (2270)
5000 (227O)
10 (4.54)
500O (2270)
50OO (2270)
1OO (45.4)
1000(454)
5000 (2270)
H-2
September 1992
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Ammonium picrate
Ammonium silicofluoride
Ammonium sulfamate
Ammonium sulfide
Ammonium sulfite
Ammonium tartrate
Ammonium thiocyanate
Ammonium vanadate
Amyl acetate
iso-Amyl acetate
sec-Amyl acetate
tert-Amyl acetate
Aniline
Anthracene ,
Antimony tt
ANTIMONY AND COMPOUNDS
Antimony pentachloride
Antimony potassium tartrate
' Antimony tribromide
Antimony trichloride
Antimony trifluoride
Antimony trioxide
Argentated-), bis(cyano-C)-,
potassium
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
CASRN
5972736
14258492
131748
16919190
7773060
12135761
10196O4O
14307438
3164292
1762954
78O3556
628637
123922
62638O
625161
62533
120127
744036O
N/A
7647189
283O0745
7789619
10025919
7783564
1309644
506616
12674112
11104282
11141165
Regulatory Synonyms
Phenol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, ammonium
salt
Vanadic acid, ammonium salt
Benzenamine
,
Potassium silver cyanide
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs}
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
Statutory
RQ
50OO
5OOO
1"
1OOO
5OOO
50OO
500O
5000
5000
500O
1"
10OO
1OOO
1000
10OO
1000
1"
1*
1*
1OOO
10OO
10OO
1000
1000
5000
1*
10
10
10
Codat
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1,4
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
i
4
1,2
1,2
1,2
RCRA
Waste*
POO9
P119
UO12
PO99
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
D
D
A
C
D
B
D
D
D
D
C
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
C
B
C
C
C
C
X
X
X
X
Pounds (Kg)
5OOO (2270)
50OO (2270)
10(4.54)
1OOO (454)
50OO (2270)
1OO (45.4)
50OO (2270)
5000 (2270)
5000 (2270)
50OO (2270)
1000 (454)
500O (2270)
5OOO (2270)
50OO (-227O)
50OO (2270)
5OOO (227O)
5OOO (2270)
5OOO (2270)
* *
1OOO (454)
100 (45.4)
1000 (454)
1OOO (454)
1OOO (454)
1000(454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
September 1992
H-3
-------
Appwndix /
Hazardous Substance
Aroclor 1242
Aroctor 1248
Aroclor 12B4
Aroclor 126O
Arsonictt
Arsonic acid
Arsenic acid H3AsO4
ABSENIC AND COMPOUNDS
Arsonic disulfida
Arsonic oxida As2O3
Arsenic oxide As2O5
Arsonic pontoxido
Arsenic trichloride
Arsenic trioxida
Arsenic trisuifida
Arsina, diathyl-
Arsinic acid, dimathyl-
Arsonous dichloride, phenyl-
Asbostosttt
Auramine
Azasorine
AzkWina
AzfrWfno, 2-mothyl-
Az5rinoI2',3':3,4)pyrroIo[1 ,2-
a]indol8-4,7-diona,6-amino-8-
l((amlnocarbonylooxy]methyl]-
1,1a,2,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-8a-
mathoxy-6-methyl-,[1 aS-
(1aalpha,8beta,8aalpha,8balpha)]-
CASRN
53469219
12672296
11097691
11096825
7440382
1 327522
7778394
1327522
7778394
N/A
1303328
1327533
1 303282
1303282
7784341
1 327633
1 303339
692422
75605
696286
1332214
4928O8
115026
161564
75558
50077
Regulatory Synonyms
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
{PCBs}
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
{PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
Arsenic acid H3AsO4
Arsenic acid
Arsenic trioxide
Arsenic pentoxide
Arsenic oxide As2O5
Arsenic oxide As2O3
Diethylarsine
Cacodylic acid
Dichlorophenylarsine
Benzenamine, 4,4'-
carbonimidoylbis (N,N-dimethyl-
L-Serine, diazoacetate (ester)
Ethylenimine
1 ,2-Propylenimine
Mitomycin C
Statutory
RQ
10
10
10
10
1*
1"
T
1"
1"
5000
6000
50OO
5000
5000
5000
50OO
1"
1"
1"
1"
1*
1*
1"
1*
1*
Coctet
1,2
1,2
1,2
•1,2
2,3
4
4
4
2
1
1,4
1,4
1,4
1
1,4
1
4
4
4
2,3
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Wa«t*#
....
PO10
P010
P010
P012
P011
P011 .
P012
P038
U136
P036
U014
UO15
P054
P067
U010
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
X
X
X
A
Pound* (Kg)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1(0.454)
* *
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
100(45.4)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
10(4,54)
H-4
September 1992
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Barium cyanide
Benz[j]aceanthrylene, 1 ,2-dihydro-
3-methyl-
Benz(c)acridine
Benzal chloride
Benzarriide, 3, 5-dichloro-N-( 1,1-
dimethyl-2-propynyl)-
Benz[a]anthracene
1 ,2-Benzanthracene
Benz[a)anthracene, 7, 1 2-dimethyl-
Benzenamine
Benzenamine, 4,4'-
carbonimidoylbis (N,N-dimethyl-
Benzenamine, 4-chloro-
Benzenamine, 4-chloro-2-methyl-,
hydrochloride >
Benzenamine, N,N-dimethyl-
4(phenylazo->
Benzenamine, 2-methyl-
Benzenamine, 4-methyl-
Benzenamine, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-
. chloro-
Benzehamine, 2-methyl-,
hydrochloride
Benzenamine, 2-methyl-5-nitro
Benzenamine, 4-nitro-
Benzene
Benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro-
alpha-(4-chlorophenyl)-alpha-
hydroxy-, ethyl ester
Benzene, 1 -bromo-4-phenoxyT
Benzenebutanoic acid,
4-tbis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-
Benzene, chloro-
Benzene, chloromethyl-
CASRN
542621
66495
225514
98873
23950585
56553
56553
57976
62533
492808
106478
3165933
60117
95534
106490
101144
636215
99558
1OO016
71432
510156
101553
3O6033
1089O7
10O447
Regulatory Synonyms
3-Methylcholanthrene
Benzene, dichloromethyl-
Pronamide
Benzo[a]anthracene
1 ,2-Benzanthracene
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzo[a]anthracene
7, 1 2-Dimethylbenz(a]anthracene
Aniline
Aura mine
p-Chloroaniline '
4-Chloro-o-toluidine, hydrochloride
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzerte
o-Toluidine
p-Toluidine
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
o-Toluidine hydrochloride
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
p-Nitroaniline . '
Chlorobenzilate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Chlorambucil
Chlorobenzene
Benzyl chloride
Statutory
RQ
10
1*
1"
1*
1*
1"
1"
1*
1OOO
1"
1*
1*
1»
1*
1*
1"
1*
1*
1»
1OOO
1*
1*
1»
100
100
Codat
1,4
4
4
4
4
2,4
2,4
4
1,4
4
4
"4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1,2,
3,4
4
2,4
4 '
1,2,4
1,4
RCRA
Wact* #
P013
U157
UO16
U017
U192
UO18
U018
U094
U012
UO14
P024
U049
U093
U32S
U353
U158
U222
U181
P077
U1O9
U038
UO3O
UO35
UO37
P028
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
A
. B
D
D
A
A
X
D
B
C
B
A
B
B
A
B
B
D
A
A
B
A
B
B
Pound* (Kg)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
100 (45.4)
5OOO (2270)
5OOO (2270)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
1 (0.454)
5OOO (2270)
100(45.4)
10QO (454)
100 (45.4)
10 (4. 54)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
10 (4.54)
1OO(45.4)
100(45.4)
5OOO (2270)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
10O (45.4)
10 (4.54)
100 (45.4)
1OO(45.4)
September 1992
H-5
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance '
Bartzarradiamin, ar-methyl-
1,2-Benzenodicarboxylic acid,
dioctyl astor
1,2-Bonzonodicnrboxylic acid,
lbis(2-othylhaxyl)l-ester
1,2-Bonzenedicarboxylic acid,
dibutyl ostor
1,2-Bonzanadicarboxylfe acid,
dlothyl ester
1,2-Bonzonodicorboxylic acid,
dimethyl ostor
Benzene, 1 ,2-dichloro-
Benzene, 1 ,3-dichloro-
Bonzono, 1 ,4-dichloro-
Benzana, 1,1'-(2,2-
dichloro8thylidene}bis[4-chloro-
Benzona, dichloromethyl-
Bonzone, 1,3-diisocyanatomethyl-
Bonzono, dimethyl
m-Bonzona, dimethyl
o-Bonzona, dimethyl
p-Bonzono, dimethyl
1,3-Bonzonodiol
1 ,2-Bonzenadiol,4-H -hydroxy-2-
(mothylamino)ethyl]-
Bonzenoothanamir.a, alpha.alpha-
dimethyl-
Banzona, hoxachlofo-
Bonzone, hexahydro-
CASRN
- 958O7
496720
823405
11784O
117817
84742
84662
131113
95501
541731
106467
72548
98873
584849
91087
26471625
1330207
108383
95476
1O6423
108463
51434
122098
118741
110827
Regulatory Synonyms
Toluenediamine
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthaiate
Diethylhexyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Dibutyl phthalate
n-Butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
o-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
m-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
DDD
TDE
4,4' DDD
Benzal chloride
Toluene diisocyanate
Xylene (mixed)
m-Xylene '
o-Xylene .
p-Xylene
Resorcinol
Epinephrine
alpha, alpha-
Dimethylphenethylamine
Hexachlorobenzene
Cyclohexane
Statutory
RQ
!•
1"
1*
1*
1*
1OO
1*
1*
100
1".
100
1
1*
T
1*
1*
10OO
1OOO
1000
100O
1000
1»
1*
1*
1OOO
Codct
4
4
4
2(4
2,4
1,2,4
2,4
2,4
1,2,4
2,4
1.2,4
1,2,4
4
4
4
4
1,4
1,4
' 1,4
1,4
1,4
4
4
2,4
1,4
RCRA
Wa«to#
U221
U221
U221
U107
U028
U069
UO88
U102
U070
U071
U072
U060
U017
U223
U223
U223
U239
U239
U239
U239
U2O1
PO42
P046
U127
UO56
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
A
A
D
B
A
C
D
B
B
B
X
D
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
D
C
D
A
C
Pound* (Kg)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
5OOO(2270)
100(45.4)
1O (4.54)
1000(454)
5OOO (227O)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
1 (0.454)
5000(2270)
1OO (45.4)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
1000(454)
• 1OOO(454)
1 000 (454)
1000(454)
5OOO (2270)
1000(454)
5OOO (2270)
10 (4.54)
10OO (454)
H-6
September 1992
-------
Appendix
Hazardous Substance . ~
Benzene, hydroxy-
Benzene, methyl-
Benzene, 2-methyl-1,3-dinitro-
Benzene, 1 -methyl-2,4-dinitro-
Benzene, 1 -methylethyl-
Benzene, nitro-
Benzene, pentachloro-
Benzene, pentachloronitro-
Benzenesulfonic acid chloride
Benzenesulfonyl chloride
Benzene, 1 ,2,4,5-tetrachloro-
Benzenethiol
Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-tri-
chloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro-
Benzene, 1 , 1 '-(trichloroethylidene)
bis[4-methoxy-
Benzene, (trichloromethyl)-
Benzene, 1 ,3,5-trinitro-
Behzidine
1 ,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 1,1-
dioxide
Benzo[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzofj, k]f luorene
1 ,3-Benzodioxole, 5-{1-propenyl)-
1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)-
1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-propyl-
Benzoic acid
Benzonitrile
Benzo[rst]pentaphene
Benzo[ghi)perylene
CASRN
1O8952
,108883
6O6202
121142
98828
98953
608935
82688
98099
98099
95943
108985
50293
72435
98O77
99354
92875
81O72
56553
205992
2O7O89
206440
120581
94597
94586
65850
10O470
189559
191242
Regulatory Synonyms
Phenol
Toluene
2,6-Oinitrotoluene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Cumene
Nitrobenzene
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB)
Benzenesulfonyl chloride
Benzenesulfonic acid chloride
1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobehzene
Thiophenol
DDT
4,4'DDT
Methoxychlor
Benzotrichloride
1 ,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
(1,1 '-Biphenyl)-4,4'diamine
Saccharin and salts
Benz[a]anthracene
1 ,2-Benzanthracene
Fluoranthene
Isosafrole
Safrole
Dihydrosafrole
Dibenz[a,i]pyrene
RQ
••••
10OO
1000
1OOO
1000
1*
1000
1"
1-
1"
1*
1*
1"
1
1
1"
1"
1"
1"
1*
1»
1*
1V
1*
1»
1*
5OOO
1OOO
1*
1*
Statutory
Cod«t
•^••i
1,2,4
1,2,4
1,2,4
1,2,4
4
1,2,4
4
" 4
4
4
4
4
1,2,4
1,4
4
4
2,4
4
2,4
2
2
2,4
4
4
4
1
1
4
2
RCRA
Waste*
^•••M
U188
U220
U106
U105
U05B
U169
U183
U185
UO20
UO20
U207
P014
U061
U247
U023
U234
UO21
U202
U018
U120
U141
U203
UO9O
UO64
Final RQ
Cato-
gory
H^HI
c
C
B
A
D
C
A
B
B
B
D
B
X
X
A
A
X
B
A
X
D
B
B
B
A
D
D
A
D
Pound* (Kg)
••••••••
1OOO(454)
10OO {454}
100(45.4}
10 (4.54)
50OO (2270)
1000(454)
10 (4.54)
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
5000 (2270)
100(45.4)
1 (O.454)
1 (0.454)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.554)
1 (0.454)
100(45.4)
10(4.54)
1 (0.454)
50OO (2270)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
1OO(45.4)
10 (4.54)
5000 (2270)
5OOO (2270)
10(4.54)
5000 (2270)
September 1992
H-7
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
2H-1 Benzopyran-2-one, 4-
hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1 -phonyi-butyl)-,
& salts, when present at
concentrations greater than 0.3%
Bonzotajpyrona
3,4-Banzopyrene
p-Bonzoquinona
Bonzotrichlorido
BonzoyI chloride
1 , 2-Benzphenenthrene
Benzyl chloride
Berylliumtt
BERYLLIUM AND COMPOUNDS
Beryllium chloride
Beryllium dusttt
Beryllium fluoride
Beryllium nitrate
olpha-BHC
bota-BHC *
deho-BHC
gamma-BHC
2,2'-Bioxirane
(1.1'-BiiphanyO-4,4'diamine
I1,1'-Biphenyl]-
4,4'd!amine,3,3'dichlcro-
n,1'-Biphonyl|-
4,4'diamino,3,3'dimethoxy-
l1,1'-B5phanyll-4.4'-diamine,3,3'-
dimothy!-
CASRN
81812
5O328
60328
106514
98O77
98884
218019
10O447
744O417
N/A
778747B
7440417
7787497
13697994
7787E6B
319846
319857
319868
58899
1464535
92875
91941
1199O4
119937
Regulatory Synonyms
Warfarin, & salts, when present at
concentrations greater than 0.3%
3,4-Benzopyrene
Benzo[a]pyrene
2,B-Cyclohexadiene-1 ,4-dione
Benzene, (trichloromethyl)-
Chrysene
Benzene, chloromethyl-
Beryllium dust tt
Berylliumtt
Cyclohexane, 1 ,2,3,4,5,6-
hexachloro-,(1 alpha, 2alpha,3beta,
4alpha,5alpha,6 beta}-
Hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma
isomer)
Linda ne
1 ,2:3,4-Diepoxybutane
Benzidine
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
Statutory
RQ
1»
1"
1"
1*
1*
10OO
1*
100
1*
1*
50OO
1*
5000
50OO
50OO
1*
1*
. 1*
1
1"
1"
T
1*
1*
Coctet
4
2,4
2,4
4
4
1
2A
1,4
2,3,4
2
1
2,3,4
1
1
1
2
2
2
1,2,4
4
2,4
2,4
4
4
RCRA
W««t«#
POO1
U022
U022
U197
U023
U050
PO28
P015
PO15'
U129
U085
U021
U073
UO91
UO95
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
X
X
A
A
C
B
B
A
X
A
X
X
X
A
X
X
X
A
X
X
B
A
Pound* (Kg)
1OO (46.4)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
10OO(454)
100(45.4)
100(45.4)
10 (4.54)
* *
1 (0.454)
10(4.54)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
10 (4.54)
, 1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)'
1 (0.454)
10(4.54)
1 (0.454)
1 (O.454)
1OO (45.4)
10(4.54)
H-8
. September 1992
-------
Appendix (
Hazardous Substance
Bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
Bis (2-ethylhexyl}phthalate
Bromoacetone
Bromoform
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Brucine
1 ,3-Butadiene, 1 ; 1,2,3,4,4-
hexachloro-
1-Butanamine, N-butyl-N-nitroso-
1 -Butanol
2-Butanone
2-Butanone peroxide
2 Butanone, 3,3-dimethyl-1-
(methylthio)-, O[(methylamino)
carbonyl] oxime.
2-ButenaI
2-Butene, 1 ,4-dich!oro-
2-Butenoic acid, 2-methyl, 7[[2,3-
dihydroxy-2-(1 -methoxyethyl)-3-
methyl- 1 -oxobutoxylmethyl]-
2,3,5,7a-tetrahydro- 1 H-pyrrolizin-
1-ylester, [1S-[1alpha(Z),
7(2S*,3R*),7aalpha]]-
Butyl acetate
iso-Butyl acetate •
sec-Butyl acetate
tert-Butyl acetate
n-Butyl alcohol
Buty famine
iso-Butylamine
CASRN
111444
111911
117817
598312
75252
1O1553
357573
87683
924163
71363
78933
1338234
39196184
123739
41703O3
764410
303344
123864
110190
105464
540885
71363
109739
78819
Regulatory Synonyms
••••••^•mMHHHBBBi
• Dichloroethyl ether
Ethane, 1 , 1 '-oxybis[2-chloro-
Dichloromethoxy ethane
Ethane, 1 , 1 '-[methylenebis(oxy)]
bis(2-chloro-
Diethylhexyl phthalate
1 ,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,
Ibis(2-ethylhexyl)J ester
2-Propanone, 1-bromo-
Methane, tribromo
Benzene, 1 -bromo-4-phenoxy-
'Strychnidin-10-one, 2,3-
dimethoxy-
Hexachlorobutadiene
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
n-Butyl alcohol
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
Thiofanox
Crotonaldehyde
1 ,4-Dichloro-2-butene
Lasiocarpine
1 -Butanol
RQ
••••
1*
1"
1«
1*
1«
1*
1*
1*
1"
1"
1"
!•
T
10O
1*
1*
5OOO
50OO
50OO
5OOO
1*
1OOO
100O
Statutory
Cod«t
mtmmt
2,4
2,4
2,4
4
-2,4
2,4
4
2,4
4
4
4
4
4
1,4
4
4
1
1
1
1
4
1
'1
RCRA
W««tt#
••••••
U025
U024
U028
PO17
U225
U030
P018
U128
U172
U031
U159
U160
PO45
U053
U074
U143
UO31
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
mmm^
A
C
B
C
B
B
B
X
A
0
D
A
B
B
X
A
D
D
D
D
D!
c
C
Pound* (Kg)
••••••••
10 (4.54)
1000(454)
100(45.4)
10OO (454)
100 (45.4)
1OO (45.4)
100(45.4)
1 (0.454)
10 (4.54)
50OO (2270)
50OO (2270)
10(4.54)
1OO (45.4)
100 (45.4)
1 (O.454)
. 10(4.54)
5OOO (2270)
50OO (2270)
50OO (2270)
50OO (2270)
5OOO (2270)
1OOO (454)
1OOO (454)
September 1992
H-9
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
soC'Butylamina
tert-Butylamine
Butyl benzyl phthalato
n-Butyl phthnlato
Butyric acid
iso-Butyrio acid
Cacodylic acid
Cadmiumtt
Cadmium acetate
CADMIUM AND COMPOUNDS
Cadmium bromide
Cadmium chloride
Calcium arsenato
Calcium arsonito
Calcium carbide
Calcium chromate
Calcium cyanido
Calcium cyanido Ca(CN)2
Calcium dodocylbenzenesulfonate
Calcium hypochlorite
Camphono, octachloro-
Captan
Carbamic acid, ethyl ester
Corbamlc acid, methylnitroso-,
ethyl ester
Carbamic chloride, dimethyl-
Carbamodithicic acid, 1 ,2-
ethanodiylbis, salts & esters
Carbamothloic acid, bis(1-
mothylethylj-, S-(2,3-dich-loro-2-
proponyl) ester
CASRN
513495
13952846
75649
85687
84742
107926
79312
75605
744O439
5439O8
N/A
7789426
10108642
7778441
5274O1 66
75207
1376519O.
59201 8
59201 8
26264062
7778543
80O1352
133062
51796
615532
79447
111546
2303164
Regulatory Synonyms
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Dibutyl phthalate
1 ,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,
dibutyl ester
Arsinic acid, dimethyl-
Chromic acid H2CrO4, calcium salt
Calcium cyanide Ca(CN)2
Calcium cyanide
Toxaphene '
Ethyl carbamate (urethane)
N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane
Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid,
salts & esters
Diallate
Statutory
RQ
10OO
10OO
10OO
1»
100
50OO
1*
1*
100
1*
100
100
1000
,1000
5000
100O
10
10
1000
100
1
10
1*
1*
1"
1*
1*
Codet
1
1
1
2
1,2,4
- 1
4
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1,4
1,4
1,4
1
1
1,2,4
1
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Warn*
U069
U136
U032
P021
P021
P123
U238
U178
U097
U114
U062
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
C
C
C
B
A
D
X
A
A
A
A
X
X
A
A
A
A
C
A
X
A
B
X
X
D
B
Pound* (Kg)
1000 (454)
10OO (454)
1OOO (4S4)
100(45.4}
1O (4. 54)
500O (2270)
1 (0.454)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
«*
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
1 (O.454)
1 (0.454)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
1O (4.54)
1000 (454)
10 (4.54)
1 (0.454)
10(4.54)
100 (45.4)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
5000 (2270)
100 (45.4)
H-10
September 1992
-------
Appendix
' Hazardous Substance
Carbaryl
Carbofuran
Carbon disulfide
Carbon oxyfluoride
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbonic acid, dithalliumd +) salt
Carbonic dichioride
Carbonic difluoride
Carbonochloridic acid, methyl ester
Chloral
Chlorambucil
Chlordane
CHLORDANE (TECHNICAL
MIXTURE AND METABOLITES)
Chlordane, alpha & gamma
isomers
Chlordane, technical
CHLORINATED BENZENES
CHLORINATED ETHANES
CHLORINATED NAPHTHALENE
CHLORINATED PHENOLS
Chlorine
Chlornaphazine
Chloroacetaldehyde
CASRN
63252
1563662
7515O
353504
56235
653739
75445
3535O4
79221
75876
305033
57749
N/A
57749
57749
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7782505
494O31
1O72OO
Regulatory Synonyms
J
Carbonic difluoride
Methane, tetrachloro-
Thallium(l) carbonate
Phosgene
Carbon oxyfluoride
Methyl chlorocarbonate
Methyl chloroformate
Acetaldehyde, trichloro-
Benzenebutanoic acid, 4-[bis(2-
chloroethyDaminol-
Chlordane, alpha & gamma
isomers
Chlordane, technical
4,7-Methano-1 H-indene,
1 ,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-
2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-
Chlordane
Chlordane, technical
4, 7-Methano-1 H-indene,
1 ,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-
2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-
Chlordane
Chlordane, alpha & gamma
isomers
4,7-Methano-1 H-indene,
1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-
2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahyrdo-
Naphthalenamine, N,N'-bis(2-
chloroethyl)-
Acetaldehyde, chloro-
Statutory
RQ
100
10
50OO
1"
50OO
1*
5000
1"
1"
1*
, 1"
1
1*
1
1*
1*
1*
1*
1O
1*
1*
Cod*t
1
1
1.4
4
1,2,4
4
1,4
4
4
4
4
1,2,4
2
1,2,4
1,2,4
2
2
2
2
1
4
4
RCRA
Waste*
PO22
U033
U211
U215
PO95
UO33
U156
U034
UO35
UO36
UO36
U036
U026 .
PO23
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
A
B
c
A
B
A
C
C
D
A
X
X
X
A
B
c
Pound* (Kg)
100(45.4}
10 (4.54}
100(45.4}
1OOO (454)
10(4.54)
1OO (45.4)
1O (4.54)
1000 (454)
1000 (454)
50OO (2270)
1O (4.54)
1 (0.454)
* *
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
* *
* *
* *
* *
10 (4.54)
1OO (45.4)
1OOO (454)
September 1992
H-11
-------
Appendix' I
Hazardous Substance
CHLOROALKYL ETHERS
p-Chloronnilina
Chlorobonzono
Chtorobenzilate
4-Chtoro-m-eresol
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Chlorodibromomethana
Chloroothane
2-Chtoroothyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Chloromothyl methyl ether
bota-Chloronaphthalono
2-ChIoronaphthalona
2-Chlorophonol
o-ChlorophonoJ
4-ChJorophonyI phenyl ether
1 -(o-Chlorophonyl)thiourea
3-ChloropropIonhriIe
Chlorosulfonio acid
4-Chloro-o-toIuidine, hydrochloride
Chlorpyrifos
Chromic acetate
Chromic acid
Chromic acid H2CrO4, calcium salt
Chromic sulfata
Chromiumtt
CASRN
N/A
106478
108907
61 O1 56
59507
595O7
124481
75003
110758
67663
107302
91587
91587
95578
95578
7005723
5344821
542767
7790946
3165933
2921882
10663O4
11115745
7738945
13765190
10101538
7440473
Regulatory Synonyms
Benzenamine, 4-chloro-
Benzene, chloro-
Benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro-
alpha-(4-chloro-phenyl)-alpha-
hydroxy-, ethyl ester
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Phenol, 4-chloro-3-methyl
Phenol, 4-chloro-3-methyi-
4-Chloro-m-cresol
Ethane, 2-chloroethoxy-
Methane, trichloro-
Methane, chloromethoxy-
Naphthalene, 2-chloro-
2-Chloronaphthalene
beta-Chloronaphthalene
Naphthalene, 2-chloro-
o-Chlorophanol
Phenol, 2-chloro-
Phenol, 2-chloro-
2-Chlorophenol
Thiourea, (2-chlorophenyD-
Propanenitrile, 3-chloro-
Benzenamine, 4-chloro-2-methyl-,
hydrochloride
Calcium chromate
Statutory
RQ
1*
1*
100
1*
1"
1"
1*
1*
1*
5OOO
1"
1*
1"
1*
1"
1*
1*
1*
1OOO
T
1
1OOO
1OOO
10OO
10OO
1000
1*
Cod«t
2
4,
1,2,4
4
2,4
-2,4
2
2
2,4
1,2,4
4
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
2
4
4
1
4
1
1
1
1
1,4
1
2
RCRA
Wa*t*#
P024
U037
U038
UO39
UO39
UO42
UO44
UO46
UO47
U047
UO48
U048
P026
P027
UO49
U032
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
C
B
A
D
O
B
B
C
A
A
D
D
B
B
D
B
C
C
B
X
C
A
A
A
C
D
Pound* (Kg)
* *
1000(454)
1OO<45.4)
10(4.54)
5OOO (2270)
5000 (2270)
100(45.4)
1OO (45.4)
1OOO (454)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
50OO (2270)
5000 (2270)
100 (45.4)
1 00 (45.4)
5OOO (2270)
10O(45.4)
1000 (454)
1OOO (454)
100(45.4)
1 (0.454)
10OO (454)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
1000(454)
5OOO (2270)
H-12
September 1992
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
CHROMIUM AND COMPOUNDS
Chromous chloride
Chrysene
Cobaltous bromide
Cobaltous formate ' '
Cobaltous sulfamate
Coke Oven Emissions
Copper cyanide CuCN
Copper ft
COPPER AND COMPOUNDS
Copper cyanide
Coumaphos
Creosote
Cresol(s)
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cresylic acid
m-Cresol
o-Crespl
p-Cresol
Crotonaldehyde
Cumene
Cuprio acetate
Cupric acetoarsenite
Cupric chloride
Cupric nitrate
Cupric oxalate
Cupric sulfate
Cupric sulfate, ammoniated
CASRN
N/A
10O49055
218019
7789437
644183
14017415
N/A
, 544923
7440508
N/A
544923
56724
8001589
1319773
108394
95487
1O6445
1319773
108394
95487
106445
123739
4170303
98828
142712
120O2038
7447394
3251238
5893663
7758987
10380297
Regulatory Synonyms
1 ,2-Benzphenanthrene
Copper cyanide
• .
Copper cyanide CuCN
Cresylic acid
Phenol, methyl-
m-Cresylic acid
o-Cresylic acid
p-Cresylic acid
Cresol(s)
Phenol, methyl-
m-Cresylic acid
o-Cresylic acid
p-Cresylic acid
2-Butenal
Benzene, 1 -methylethyl-
i
Statutory
RQ
1*
10OO
1"
1000
10OO
10OO
1"
1*
1-
1*
1*
10
1*
1000
1OOO
1OOO
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
100
1"
100
100
10
100
100
10
100
Cod«t
2
1
2,4
1
1
1
3
" 4
2
2
4
1
4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
RCRA
Waste*
U050
P029
P029
U051
U052
U052
UO52
U052
U052
U052
UO52
U052
U053
U055
Final RQ ,
Cate-
gory
C
B
C
C
C
X
A
D
A
A
X
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
B
D
B
X
A
B
B
A
B
Pounds (Kg)
»«
1000 (454)
100 (45.4)
1OOO (454)
1000(454)
1000 (454)
1 (0.454)
10(4.54)
5000 (2270)
* *
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
1 (O.454)
1000 (454)
1OOO (454)
1OOO (454)
1000 (454)
1000 (454)
100O (454)
1000 (454)
10OO (454)
10O(45.4)
50OO (2270)
10O (45.4)
1 (0.454)
10(4.54)
10O (45.4)
1OO (45.4)
TO (4.54)
100(45.4)
September 1992
H-13
-------
Appeadfx I
Hazardous Substance
Cupric tartrate
CYANIDES
Cyanidos (soluble salts and
complexes} not otherwise specified
Cyanogen
Cyanogen bromide
Cyanogen bromide (CN)Br
Cyanogen chloride
Cyanogen chloride (CN)CI
2,E-Cyclohexadione-1 ,4-dione
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexane, 1,2,3.4,5,6-
hoxachloro-,(1 alpha, 2alpha,
3bata,4olph8,6alpha,6,bata)-
Cyclohexanone
2-CycIohoxyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
1,3-CycIopentadIane, 1,2,3,4,6,5-
hexachloro-
Cyclophosphamido
2,4-D Acid
2,4-D Ester
2,4-D, salts and esters
CASRN
81 5827
N/A
57125
460195
506683
506683
5O6774
506774
106514
110827
58899
108941
131895
77474
5018O
94757
94111
94791
94804
1320189
1928387,
1928616
1929733
2971382
25168267
53467111
94757
Regulatory Synonyms
Ethanedinitrile
Cyanogen bromide (CN)Br
Cyenogen bromide
Cyanogen chloride (CN)CI
Cyanogen chloride
p-Benzoquinone
Benzene, hexahydro-
gamma— BHC
Phenol, 2-cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitro-
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
2H-1 ,3,2-Oxazaphosphorin-2^
amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)
tetrahydro-,2-oxide
Acetic acid (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-
2,4-D, salts and esters
Acetic acid (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-
2,4-D Acid
Statutory
RQ
100
1*
1"
i"
T
T
10
10
1*
10OO
1
1-
1"
1
1*
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Cod«t
1
2
4
4
4
4
-1,4
1,4
4
1,4
1,2,4
4
4
1,2,4
4
1,4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1,4
RCRA
Waste*
PO3O
P031
U246,
U246
P033
P033
U197
UO56
U129
U057
P034
U13O
U058
U24O
U240
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
A
B
C
C
A
A
A
C
X
D
B
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
Pound* (Kg)
10O(45.4)
» *
10(4.54)
100(45.4)
1OOO (454)
1OOO(4S4)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
1000 (454)
1 (0.454)
5000 (2270)
100 (45.4)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
100 (45.4)
: 100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
10O (45.4)
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
1OO (45.4)
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
1OO (45.4)
100(45.4)
100(45.4)
H-14
September 1992
-------
Appendix t
Hazardous Substance
Daunomycin
ODD
4,4' ODD
DDE
4,4' DDE
DDT
4,4' DDT
DDT AND METABOLITES
Diallate
Diazinon
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
1 ,2:5,6-Dibenzanthracene
Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene
Dibenz[a,i]pyrene
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
Dibutyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Dicamba
CASRN
20830813
72548
72548
72559
72559
50293
60293
N/A
2303164
333415
53703
53703
53703
189559
96128
84742
84742
1918009
Regulatory Synonyms
5, 1 2-Naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-
1 0-[3-amino-2,3,6- trideoxy-alpha-
L-lyxo-hexo-pyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,
1 O-tetrahydro-6,8, 1 1 -trihydroxy- 1 -
methoxy-, (8S-cis)-
Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2-
dichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro-
TDE ,
4,4' ODD
Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2-
dichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro-
DDD
TDE
4,4' DDE
DDE , .
Benzene, 1, 1 '-(2,2,2-
trichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro-
4,4'DDT
Benzene, 1,1 '-(2,2,2-
trichforoethylidene)bis[4-chioro-
DDT
Carbamothioic acid, bis(1-
methylethyl)-, S-(2,3,-dich-loro-2-
prppenyl) ester
Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene
1 ,2:5,6-Dibenzanthracene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene •
Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
1 ,2:5,6-Dibenzanthracene
Benzo[rst]pentaphene
Propane, 1 ,2-dibromo-3-chloro-
Dibutyl phthalate
n-Butyl phthalate
1 ,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,
dibutyl ester
Dibutyl phthalate
n-Butyl phthalate
1 ,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,
dibutyl ester
Statutory
RQ
1"
1
1
1-
1*
1
1
1"
1*
1
1*
1"
1*
1*
T
10O
100
1000
Codet
4
1,2,4
1,2,4
2
2
1,2,4
1,2,4
2
4
1
2,4
2,4
2,4
4
4
1,2,4
1,2,4
1
RCRA
Waste #
UO59
U06O
UO6O
U061
UO61
UO62
U063
U063
U063
U064
U066
U069
U069
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
X
X
X
X
X
X
B
X
X
X
X
A
X
A
A
C
Pounds (Kg)
10 (4.54)
^
1 (0.454)
1 (O.454)
1 (O.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
* »
1OO (45.4)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1O (4.54)
1 (0.454)
1O (4.54)
10 (4.54)
10OO (454)
September 1992
H-15
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Dichlobonil
DIchlono
Dichlorobonzene
1,2-Dichlorobonzono
1 ,3-DlchIorobenzene
1 ,4-DichIorobonzone
m-Dfchlorobanzene
o-Dichlorobonzono
p-Dichlorobonzono
DICHLOROBENZIDINE
3,3'-Dichlorobonzidino
Dtchlorobromomethane
1 ,4-DfchIoro-2-butene
Dichlorodifluoromothane
1,1-DichIoroothan8
1 ,2-Dichloroothane
1 ,1 -Dfchtoroathylene
1 ,2-DichIoroothylona
Dichloroothyl ether
Dichkxoisopropyl ether
Dkhtorornathoxy ethane
Dfchlofomethyl other
2,4-DichIorophono!
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Dichlorophonylarsine
CASRN
1 1 94666
117806
25321226
96601
541731
106467
541731
96601
106467
N/A
91941
75274
764410
75718
75343
107062
75354
1566O5
111444
108601
111911
542881
12O832
87650
696286
Regulatory Synonyms
Benzene, 1,2-dichloro- o-
Oichlorobenzene
.Benzene, 1,3-dichloro m-
Dichlorobenzene
Benzene, 1 ,4-dichloro p-
Dichlorobenzene
Benzene, 1,3-dichloro 1,3-
Dichlorobenzene
Benzene, 1,2-dichloro 1,2-
Dichlorobenzene
Benzene, 1 ,4-dichloro 1,4-
Dichlorobenzene
[1,1'-Biphenyl]-
4,4'diamine,3,3'dichloro-
2-Butene, 1 ,4-dichloro-
Methane, dichlorodifluoro-
Ethane, 1,1 -dichloro-
Ethylidene dichloride
Ethane, 1 ,2-dichloro-
Ethylene dichloride
Ethene, 1,1-dichloro-
Vinylidene chloride
Ethene 1,2-dichloro- (E)
Bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
Ethane, 1 , 1 '-oxybis[2-chloro-
Propane, 2,2'-oxybis[2-chloro-
Bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
.Ethane, 1,1 '-[methy lenebis(oxy) ]
bis(2-chloro-
Methane, oxybis(chloro-
Phenol, 2,4-dichloro-
Phenol, 2,6-dichloro-
Arsonous dichloride, phenyl-
Statutory
RQ
10OO
1
100
100
1"
100
1"
100
100
1-
!•
1*
1*
1*
1*
50OO
500O
1»
!•
T
1"
!•
1*
1*
1»
cod«r
1
1
1
1,2,4
2,4
1,2,4
2,4
1,2,4
1,2,4
2
2,4
2
4
4
2,4
_ 1,2,4
1,2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
4
2,4
4
4
RCRA
WMU*
UO7O
U071
U072
U071
U070
UO72
U073
U074
UO75
U076
U077
U078
UO79
U025
U027
U024
PO16
U081
U082
P036
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
X
D
X
D
C
B
B
C
A
C
C
A
B
B
X
Pound* (Kg)
100(45.4)
1 (0.454)
10O(45.4)
10O (45.4)
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
10O (45.4)
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
* *
1 (0.454)
5000 (2270)
1 (0.454)
5000 (2270)
1000(454)
10O (45.4)
100(45.4)
10OO(454)
10 (4.54)
1000(454)
1000 (454)
10 (4.54)
10O (45.4)
10O (45.4)
1 (0.454)
H-16
September 1992
-------
Appendix (
Hazardous Substance
Dichloropropane
1 , 1 -Dichloropropane
1 ,3-Dichloropropane
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
Dichloropropane— Dichloropropene
(mixture)
Dichloropropene
2,3-Dichloropropene
1 ,3-Dichloropropene
2,2-Dichloropropionic acid
Dichlorvos
Dicofol
Dieldrin
1 ,2:3,4-Diepoxybutane
Diethylamine
Diethylarsine
1 ,4-Diethylenedioxide
Diethylhexyl phthalate
N,N-'Diethylhydra2ine
O,O-Diethyl S-methyl
dithiophosphate
Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate
Diethyl phthalate
O,O-Diethyl O-pyrazinyl
phosphorothioate
Diethylstilbestrol
Dihydrosafrole
CASRN
26638197
78999
142289
78875
8003198
26952238
78886
542756
75990
627737
115322
6O571
1464535
1O9897
692422
123911
117817
1615801
3288582
311455
84662
297972
56531
94586
Regulatory Synonyms
Propane, 1 ,2-dichloro-
Propylene dichloride
f
1-Propene, 1,3-dichloro-
2,7:3,6-Dimethanonaphth[2,3-
b]oxirene,3,4,5,6,9,9-hexachloro-
1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octahydro-,
(1aalpha,2beta,2aalpha,3beta,
6beta,6aalpha,7beta, 7aalpha)-
2,2'-Bioxirane
Arsine, diethyl-.
1 ,4-Dioxane
Bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
1 ,2,-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,
[bis{2-ethylhexyl)l ester
Hydrazine, 1 ,2-diethyl-
Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-diethyl
S-methyl ester
Phosphoric acid, diethyl 4-
nitrophenyl ester •
1 ,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,
diethyl ester
Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-diethyl
O-pyrazinyl ester
Phenol, 4,4'-(1,2-diethyl-1, 2- V
ethenediyObis-, (E)
1 ,3-Benzodioxole, 5-propyl-
RQ
5OOO
50OO
50OO
5000
5OOO
50OO
5OOO
5000
5000
10
500O
1
1»
1OOO
1«
1*
1».
1*
1*
1*
1»
1"
1"
1»
Statutory
Cod«t
mimmm
1
1
1
1,2,4
1
1
1
1,2,4
1
1
1
1,2,4
4
1
4
4
2,4
4
4
4
2,4
4
4
4
RCRA
Wa«t«#
mrnma^
U083
UO84
P037
UO85
PO38
U108
UO28
U086
UO87
PO41
UO88
PO4O
U089
U090
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
••••i
c
c
c
c
B
B
B
B
D
A
A
X
A
B
X
B
B
A
D
B
C
B
X
A
Pound* (Kg)
^mmfmmmm
1OOO (454)
1000 (454)
10OO (454)
1000(454)
1OO (45.4)
100(45.4)
100(45.4)
1OO(45;4)
5OOO (227O)
10(4.54)
5OOO (2270)
1 (0.454)
1O (4.54)
1OO (454.4)
1 (0.454)
1OO (45.4)
100 (45.4)
10 (4.54)
5000 (2270)
1OO (45.4)
10OO (454)
1OO(45.4)
1 (0.454)
10 (4.54)
September 1992
H-17
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Diisopropyfluorophosphate
1 ,4,6,8-Dimethanonaphthalene,
1 ,2,3,4, 1 0, 1 0-, 1 0-hexachloro-
1 ,4,4a,6,8,8a-hexahydfo-,
( 1 alpho,4alpha,4abeta,5alpha,'
Salpha,
SaboteM. 4,5,8-
Dimonthanonaphthaleno,
1 ,2,3,4, 1 0,1 0-hexachloro-
1,4,4a,6,8,8a-
hoxahydro.d alpha,4alpha,4abeta.
Babota.Sbeta,
8abota}-2,7:3,6-
Dlmethanonaphthl2,3-b]ox?rene,
3,4,6,6,9,9-hexachIoro-1a,2,2a,3,
6,6a,7,7a-octahydro-, daatpha,
2bota,2aalpha,3bata,6beta,
6aalpha,7bota,7aalphB)-2,7:3,6-
Dimethanonaphth[2,3-b]oxirene,
3,4,6,6,9,9-hexachIoro-1a,2,2a,3,
6,6a,7,7a-octa-hydro-,{1 aalpha,
2bata,2abeta,3alpha,6a(pha,
6ob8ta,7bota,7Da(pha)-Dimethoate
3,3'"D!methoxybonzidina
DImethylamina
p-Dimothylaminoazobenzene
7,12-DImothylbanz[a]anthracen8
3,3'-Dimethyibonzidine
a(pha,alpha-
DlmethylbanzyJhydroperoxida
Dimothylcarbamoyl chloride
I.l-Dimethylhydrazine "
1 ,2-Dimothylhydrazine
alpha.alpha-
Dlmathylphonothylamina
2.4-Dimothy!phanol
CASRN
55914
3090O2
466736
6O571
72208
6O515
1199O4
1244O3
60117
57976
119937
80159
79447
57147
540738
1 22098
105679
Regulatory Synonyms
Phosphorofluoridic acid, bisd-
methyiethyl) ester
Aldrin
Isodrin
Dieldrin
Endrin
Endrin & metabolites
Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-
dimethyl S-[2(methyla"-mino)-2-
oxoethyl] ester
[1 ,1 '-Biphenyl]-4,4'diamine,3,
3'dimethyoxy-
methanamine, N-methyl
Benzenamine, N,N-dimethyl-4-
(phenylazo-)
Benz[a]anthracene, 7, 1 2-dimethyl-
[1 ,1 'Biphynyl]-4,4'diamine,3,3'-
dimethyl-
Hydroperoxide, 1-mehtyl-1-
phenylethyl-
Carbamic chloride, dimethyl-
Hydrazine, 1,1-dimethyl-
Hydrazine, 1 ,2-dimethyl-
Benzeneethanamine, alpha.alpha-
dimethyl-
Phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-
Statutory
RQ
1"
1
1*
1
1
T
1»
1OOO
1"
1*
1*
1"
1»
T
1*
T
1»
Cod«t
4
1,2,4
4
1,2,4
1,2,4
4
4
1,4
4
• 4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2,4
RCRA
Wact* *
PO43
POO4
PO6O
P037 '
P051
PO44
UO91
UO92
UO93
U094
U095
U096
U097
U098
U099
PO46
U101
Final RQ
Cat«-
Oory
B
X
X
X
X
A
B
C
A
X
A
A
X
A
X
D
B
Pounds (Kg)
1 0O (45.4)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
10(4.54)
100 (45.4)
1OOO (454)
10 (4.54)
1 (0.454)
10 (4.54)
1O (4.54)
1 (0.454)
10 (4.54)
1 (0.454)
5OOO (2270)
100(45.4)
H-18
September 1992
-------
Appendix I
/.
Hazardous Substance
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl suit ate
Dinitrobenzene (mixed)
m-Dinitrobenzene
o-Dinitrobenzene
p-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol and salts
Dinitrophenol
2,5-Dinitrophenol
2,6-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
Dinitrotoluene
3,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,4-Dinitrotokiene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Dinoseb •
Di-n-octyl phthalate
1,4-Dioxane
DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE
1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine ,
Diphosphoramide, octamethyl-
Diphosphoric acid, tetraethyl ester
Dipropylamine
Di-n-propylnitrosamine
Diquat
Disulfoton
Dithiobiuret
Diuron
CASRN
131113
77781
25154646
99650
528290
1OO254
534521
25550587
329715
573568
51285
25321 146
61O399
121142
606202
88857
117840
123911
N/A
122667
152169
107493
142847
621647
85OO7
2764729
298044
541537
33O541
Regulatory Synonyms
1 ,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,
dimethyl ester
Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester
Phenol, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitro-
, Phenol, 2,4rdinitro-
Benzene, 1 -methyl-2,4-dinitro-
Benzene, 2-methyl-1,3-dinitro-
Phenol, 2-{1-methylpropyl)-4,6-
dinitro . ,
1 ,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,
dioctyl ester
1 ,4-Diethylenedioxide
Hydrazine, 1,2-diphenyl
Octamethylpyrophosphoramide
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
1-Propanamine, N-propyl-
1 -Propanamine, N-nitroso-N-propyl-
Phosphorodithioic acid, o,o-diethyl
S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyI]ester
Thiomidodicarbonic diamide [(H2N)
C(S)]2NH
Statutory
RQ
1*
1*
100O
1OOO
iooo
1000
1*
100O
1000
100O
1OOO
1OOO
10OO
1OOO
1 *
1*
1*
T
1"
1*
10O'
1*
1*
1OOO
1000
1
1*
100
Cod*t
2,4
4
1
1
1
1
2,4
1
1
1
1,2,4
1,2.
1,2,4
1,2,4
4
2,4
4
2
2;4
4
1,4
4
2,4
1
1
1,4
4
1
RCRA
Wa«t»*
U1O2
U103
PO47
PO48
U105
U1O6
PO2O
U107
U108
U109
P085
P111
U11O
U111
P039
P049
Fmai RQ
Cate-
gory
D
B
B
B
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
C
D
B
A
B
A
D
A
C
C
X
B
B
Pound* (Kg)
5000 (2270)
1OO (45.4)
100(45.4}
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
10O(46.4)
- 10(4.54)
1O (4.54)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
100 (45.4)
100Q (454)
5000 (2270)
100(45.4)
* *
10(4.54)
100(45.4)
10(4.54)
5OOO (2270)
10(4.54)
1000 (454)
10OO (454)
1 (O.454)
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
September 1992
H-19
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Dodocylbonzonesulfonic acid
Endosulfan
alpha - Endosulfan
beta - Endosulfan
ENDOSALFAN AND
METABOLITES
Endosulfan sulfate
Endothall
Endrin
Endrin aldohydo
ENDRIN AND METABOUTES
Endrin, & motablites
Epiohtorohydrin
Eplnophrina
Ethanal
Ethonamino, N-ethyl-N-n'rtroso-
1,2-Ethanediamina, N,N-dimethyl-
N'-2-pyridinyl-N'-(2-thienylmethyl)-
Ethano, 1,2-dibromo-
Ethano, 1,1-dichtoro-
Ethana, 1,2-dichloro-
Ethanodinitrila
CASRN
27176870
'115297
959988
33213659
N/A
1031078
145733
72208
7421934
N/A
72208
106898.
51434
75070
55185
91805
106934
75343
107062
46O195
Regulatory Synonyms
6,9-Methano-2,4,3-
benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10-
hexachloro-1 ,5,5a,6,9,9a-
hexahydro-, 3-oxide
7-Oxabicyclo[2.2. 1 lheptane-2,3"
dicarboxylic acid
Endrin, & metabolites
2,7:3,6-Dimethanpnaphth[2,3-
bloxirene.3,4,5,6,9,9 -hexachloro-
1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octa-hydro-,
(1 aalpha, 2beta,2abeta,3alpha,
6alpha,6abeta,7beta, 7aalpha)-
Endrin
2,7:3, 6-Dimethanonaphth[2,3-b]
oxirene, 3,4,5,6,9,9-hexachloro-
1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octa-hydro-,
(1 aalpha,2beta, 2abeta,3alpha,
6alpha,
6abeta,7beta, Vaalpha)-
Oxirane, (chloromethyl)-
1 ,2-Benzenediol,4-[1-hydroxy-2-
(methylamino)ethyll-
Acetaldehyde
N-Nitrosodiothylamine
Methapyrilene
Ethylene dibromide
Ethylidene dichloride
1 , 1 -Dichloroethane
Ethylene dichloride
1 ,2-Dichlorethane
Cyanogen
Statutory
RQ
1OOO
1
1"
T
T
1*
1*
1
1*
1*
1
1OOO
1*
10OO
1*
1*
10OO
1"
5000
1*
Codot
1
1,2,4
2
2
2
2
4
1,2,4
2
2
1,2,4
1,4
4
1,4
4
4
1,4
2,4
1,2,4
4
RCRA
Wast**
P050
PO88
P051
P051
U041
PO42
U001
U174
U155
U067
U076
U077
PO31
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
C
X
X
X
X
C
X
X
X
B
C
C
X
D
X
C
B
B
Pound* (Kg)
10OO (454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
« *
1 (0.454)
1000(454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
* *
1 (0.454)
1OO (45.4)
1OOO (454)
1OOO (454)
1 (0.454)
5000(2270)
1 (0.454)
1000(454)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
H-20
September 1992
-------
Appendix f
Hazardous Substance
Ethane, hexachloro-
Ethane, 1,1'-
(methylenebis(oxy) ] bis(2-
chloro-
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis-
Ethane, 1 , 1 '-oxybis[2-chlpro-
Ethane, pentachloro-
Ethane, 1,1,1 ,2-tetrachloro
Ethane, 1 , 1 ,2,2-tetrachloro
Ethanethioamide
Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro
Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-
Ethanimidothioic acid, N-[[(methyl-
amino)carbonyl]oxy]-, methyl ester
Ethanol, 2-ethoxy-
Ethanol, 2,2'-(nitrosoimino)bis-
Ethanone, 1-phenyl-
Ethene, chloro-
Ethene, 2-Cloroethoxy-
Ethene, 1,1-dichloro-
Ethene, 1 ,2-dichloro-
Ethene, tetrachloro-
Ethene, trichloro-
Ethion
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acrylate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl carbamate (urethane)
Ethyl cyanide
CASRN
67721
111911
60297
111444
76O17
630206
7934B
62555
71556
79OO5
16752775
110805
1 1 1 6547
98862
75014
110758
75354
1566O5
127184
79016
5631 22
141786
14O885
100414
51796
1O712O
Regulatory Synonyms
Hexachloroethane
Bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
Dichloromethoxy ethane
Ethyl ether
Bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
Dichloroethyl ether
Pentachloroethane
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Thioacetamide
Methyl chloroform
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
1 ; 1 , 2-Trichloroethane
Methomyl
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
Acetophenone
Vinyl chloride
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Vinylidene chloride
1 , 1 -Dichloroethylene
1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
Perchloroethylene
Tetrachlorethene
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethene
Trichloroethylene
Acetic acid, ethyl ester
2-Propenoic acid, ethyl ester
Carbamic acid, ethyl ester
Propanenitril
Statutory
RQ
i-
1*
1*
1-
!•
1»
1«
1"
1*
1*
1*
1*
1A
1*
1*
1"
5OOO
T
1*
100O
10
1*
1*
1OOO
1*
1*
Codat
2,4
2,4
4
2A
4
- 4
2,4
4
2,4
2,4
4
4
4
4
2,3,4
2,4
1,2,4
2,4
2,4
1,2,4
1
4
4
1,2
4
4
RCRA
Wast* #
U131
UQ24
U117
U025
U184
U208
U209
U218
U226
U227
P066
U359
U173
UOO4
UO43
UO42
U078
UO79
U210
U228
U112
U113
U238
P101
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
C
B
A
A
B
B
A
C
B
B
C
X
D
X
C
B
C
B
B
A
D
C
C
B
A
Pounds (Kg)
1OO{45.4)
1OOO (454)
100(45.4)
10(4.54)
1.0 (4.54)
100 (45.4)
100(45.4)
10 (4.54)
1000(454)
100(45.4)
1OO (45.4)
1000(454)
1 (0.454)
50OO (2270)
1 (0.454)
1OOO (454)
1OO (45.4)
1OOO (45.4)
100(45.4)
100(45.4)
10 (4.54)
50OO (2270)
1OOO(454)
1000(454)
100(45.4)
1O (4.54)
September 1992
H-21
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Ethylonobisdithiocarbamic acid,
sake & esters
Ethylonodiamine
Ethytonodiamine-tetraacetic acid
(EDTA)
Ethylono dibromide
Ethytano dichlorido
Ethyltono glycol monoethy ether
Ethylene oxida
Ethylenethlourea
Ethytonlmtna
Ethyl other
Ethylidono dichlorida
Ethyl methacrytate
Ethyl mathanesulfonate
Famphur
Ferric ammonium citrate
Ferric ammonium oxalate
Ferric chloride
Ferric flouride
Ferric nitrate
Ferric sulfate
Ferrous ammonium sulfate
Ferrous chloride
Ferrous sulfate
Ffouranthone
FJourona
Ftourine
CASRN
111546
107153
6OOO4
106934
107062
110805
75218
96457
151564
60297
75343
97632
625OO
52857
1185575
2944674
55488874
7705080
77835O8
1O421484
10028225
1OO45893
7758943
7720787
77826,30
206440
86737
7782414
Regulatory Synonyms
Carbamodithioic acid, 1 ,2-
ethanediylbis, salts & esters
Ethane, 1 ,2-dibr omo-
Ethane, 1 ,2-dichloro-
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
Ethanol, 2-ethoxy-
Oxirane
2-lmidazolidinethione
Aziridine
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis
Ethane, 1,1'-dichloro-
1 , 1 -Dichloroethane
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl
ester
Methanesuifonic acid, ethyl ester
Phosphorothioic acid, O,[4-[(di-
methylamino) sulfonyll 'phenyU
O,O-dimethyl ester
Benzo[j,k]flourene
Statutory
RQ
1*
10OO
50OO
10OO
6OOO
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
10OO
10OO
TOOO
10OO
100
1000
10OO
1000
100
10OO
10OO
1"
1*
ir
Codot
4
1
1
1,4
1,2,4
- 4
4
4
4
4
2,4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2,4
2
4
RCRA
Waste*
U114
U067
U077
U359
U115
U116
P054
U117
UO76
U118
U119
P097
U120
P056
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
D
D
D
X
B
C
A
A
X
B
C
C
X
c
C
c
c
c
B
C
C
C
B
C
C
B
D
A
Pound* (Kg)
5OOO (2270)
50OO (2270)
50OO (2270)
1 (O.454)
100 (45.4)
100O (454)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
1 (O.454)
100 (45.4)
1OOO (454)
10OO (454)
1 (0.454)
10OO (454)
10OO (454)
1000 (454)
1OOO (454)
1OOO (454)
10O(45.4)
1000 (454)
1OOO (454)
1000 (454)
10O (45.4)
1000 (454)
1OOO (454)
100 (45.4)
5000 (2270)
10 (4.54)
H-22
September 1992
-------
Appendix f
\
Hazardous Substance
Flouroacetamide
Flouracetio acid, sodium salt
Formaldehyde
Formic acid
•Fuiminic acid, mercury(2 + )salt
Fumaric acid
Furan
Furan, tetrahydro-
2-Furancarboxaldehyde
2,5-Furandione
Furfural
Furfuran
Glucopyranose, 2-deoxy-2-(3-
methyl-3-nitrosoureido}-
D^GIucose, 2-deoxy-2-
[{(methylnitrosoamino)-
carbonyljamino]-
Glycidylaldehyde
Guanidien, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-
nitroso-
Guthion '
HALOETHERS
HALOMETHANES
Heptachlor
HEPTACHLOR AND METABOLITES
Heptachlor epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE (all
isomers)
CASRN
640197
62748
500OO
64186
628864
110178
110O09
109999
98011
108316
98011
110009
18883664
18883664
765344
70257
865500
N/A
N/A
76448
N/A
1024573
118741
87683
6O8731
Regulatory Synonyms
Acetamide, 2-fluoro-
Acetic acid, fluoro-, sodium salt
Mercury fulminate
Furfuran
Tetrahydrofuran
Furfural
Maleic anhydride
2-Furancarboxaldehyde
Furan
D-Glucose, 2-deoxy-2-
[[(methylnitrosoamino)-
carbonyljamino] Streptozotocin
Glucopyranose, 2-deoxy-2-{3-
methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-
Oxiranecarboxyaldehyde
MNNG
4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,
7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-
tetrahydro-
Benzene, hexachloro-
1,3-Butadiene, 1,1,2,3,4,5-
hexachloro-
Statutory
RQ
1"
1*
1000
5000
1"
50OO
T
1*
1OOO
5OOO
10OO
1*
1*
T
!•
1«
1
1*
1*
1
1*
1*
1*
1»
1*
Codct
4
4
1,4
1,4
4
1
4
" 4
1,4
1,4
1,4
4
4
4
4
4
1
2
2
1,2,4
2
2
2,4
2,4
2
RCRA
Wasted
P057
P058
U122
U123
PO65
U124
U213
U125
U147
U125
U124
U206
U206
U126
U163
P059
0127
U128..
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
A
B
D
A
D
B
C
D
D
O
B
X
X
A
A
X
X
X
A
X
Pound* (Kg)
100(45.4)
1O (4.54)
100(45.4)
5OOO (2270)
1O (4.54)
5000 (2270)
100 (45.4)
1000(454)
50OO (2270)
5OOO (2270)
5000 (2270)
100 (45.4)^
1 (O.454)
1 (0.45)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
1 (0.454)
* *
»»
1 (0.454)
* *
1 (0.454)
10(4.54)
1 (0.454)
» *
September 1992
H-23
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Hoxachlorocyclohexane (gammer
is o mod
Htxachtofocyclopentadiene
Hoxechlorootharto
Hoxachlorophono
Hexachloroprcpene
Hoxaothyi tetraphosphate
Hydrazlno
Hydrozine, 1,2-diathyl-
Hydrozins, 1,1-dimothyl-
Hydrazino, 1,2-dimethyl-
Hydrazine, 1,2-diphenyl-
Hydrazino, mothyl-
Hydrazinocarbothioamide
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen chlorido
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen suifide
Hydrogan sulfida H2S
Hydroperoxida, 1-methyl-1-
phonylothyl-
2-lmidazolidinothione
Indonod ,2,3-cd)pyrene
1 ,3-lsobonzofurandione
Isobutyl alcohol
CASRN
58899
77474
67721
7O304
1888717
757584
302012
16158O1
57147
54O738
122667
6O344
79196
7647010
749O8
7664393
7647O1O
74908
7664393
7783064
7783064
SO159
96457
1 93395
85449
78831
Regulatory Synonyms
Cyclohexane, 1 ,2,3,4,6,6-
hexachloro-,( 1 alpha, 2a!pha,3beta,
4alpha,5alpha,6beta)-gamma-BHC
Linda ne
1 ,3-Cyclopentadiene,1 ,2,3,4,5,5-
hexachloro-
Ethane, hexachloro-
Phenol, 2,2'-methylenebis[3,4,5-
trichloro-
1-Propene, 1,1,2,3,3,3-
hexachloro-
Tetraphosphoric acid, hexaethyl
ester
N,N'-Diethylhydrazine
1 , 1 -Dimethy Ihydrazine
1 ,2-Dimethylhydrazine
1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Methyl hydrazine
Thiosemicarbazida
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen flouride
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen suifide H2S
Hydrogen suifide
alpha.alpha-
Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
Ethylenethiourea
1 , 1 0-(1 ,2-Phenylene)pyrene
Phthalic anhydride
1-Propanol, 2-methyl-
Statutory
RQ
1
1
1»
T
1*
1"
1*
1*
1*
1*
1"
1"
1-
5000
10
50OO
5000
10
5OOO
100
100
1'
1"
1*
1*
1*
Cod«t
1,2,4
1,2,4
2,4
4
- 4
4
4
4
4
4
2,4
4
4
1
1,4
1,4
1
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
4
4
2,4
4
4
RCRA
Wa*t«*
U129
U130
U131
U132
U243
P062
U133
UO86
UO98
UO99
U109
P068
P116
P063
U134
P063
U134
U135
U135
UO96
U116
U137
U190
U140
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
X
A
B
B
C
B
X
A
A
X
A
A
B
D
A
B
D
A
B
B
B
A
A
B
O
D
Pound* (Kg)
1 (0.454)
10(4.54}
100(45.4)
10O(45.4)
10OO (454)
100 (45.4)
1 (0.454)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
1 (0.454)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
1 0O (45.4)
500O (2270)
10(4.54)
100(45.4)
5000 (2270)
10(4.54)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
100(45.4)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
10O (45.4)
500O (2270)
5000 (2270)
H-24
September 1992
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Isodrin
Isophorone
Isoprene
Isopropanolamine
dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Isosafrole
. 3(2H)-Isoxazolone, 5-
(aminomethyl)-
Kepone
Lasiocarpine
Leadtt
Lead acetate
LEAD AND COMPOUNDS
Lead arsenate
Lead, bis(acetato-O)tetrahydroxytri
Lead chloride
Lead fluoborate
Lead fluoride
Lead iodide
Lead nitrate
Lead phosphate
Lead stearate
CASRN
465736
78591
78795
42504461
120581
2763964
143500
303344
7439921
301O42
N/A
7784409
7645252
10102484
1 335326
7758954
13814965
7783462
10101630
10099748
7446277
742848O
1O72351
Regulatory Synonyms
1,4,5,8-Dimethanonaphthalene,
1 ,2,3,4, 1 O, 1 0-hexachloro- 1 ,4,4a,
5,8,8a-hexahydro,( 1 alpha,4alpha,
4abeta,5beta,8beta,8abeta)-
,1 ,3-Benzodioxole, 5-) 1 -propeniy)-
Muscimol
5-(Aminomethyl)-3-isoxazolol
1 ,2,4-Metheno-2H-cyclobutal{cd]
pentalen-2-one,1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,
5a,5b,6-decachloroctahydro-
2-Butenoio acid, 2-methyl-, 7[[2,3-
dihydroxy-2-{ 1 -methoxyethyl)-3-
methyl-1-oxobutoxy]methyll-2,3,5,
7a-tetrahydro- 1 H-pyrrolizin- 1 -yl
ester, [1S-[1alpha(Z), 7<2S*,3R»),
7aalpha]l-
Acetic acid, lead(2 + ) salt
Lead subacetate
Phosphoric acid, lead(2 + ) salt
(2:3)
Statutory
RQ
1*
1*
10OO
10OO
1»
1*
. 1
1*
1*
6OOO
1*
5OOO
5OOO
5OOO
1*
50OO
50OO
10OO
50OO
5OOO
1«
50OO
50OO
Cod«t
4
2
1
1
4
4
1,4
4
2
1,4
2
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
RCRA
Wa«t«#
P060
U141
PO07
U142
U143
U143
U144
U146
U145
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
X
D
B
C
B
C
X
A
A
X
X
X
B
B
B
B
B
B
D
D
Pounds (Kg)
1 (0.454)
5OOO (2270)
100 (45.4)
1000 (454)
100(45.4)
1000 (454)
1 (0.454)
10(4.54).
10 (4.54)
#
**
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
1OO (45.4)
100(45.4)
100(45;4)
100(45.4)
#
#
5OOO (2270)
#
50OO (2270)
September 1992
H-25
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Lend subacotata
Load sulfato
Load sulfido
Load thfocyanate
Undane
Lithium Chromata
Matathton
Malaic add
Malolo anhydride
Maioic hydrazide
Malononhrila
Molphalan
Mercaptodimethur
Mercuric cyanlda
Mercuric nitrate
Mercuric sulfato
Mercuric thiocyanato
Marcurous nitrate
Mercury
MERCURY AND COMPOUNDS
Mercury, (acatato-O)phonyl
Mercury fulminate
CASRN
52652592
56189094
1335326
1 5739807
7446142
1314870
592870
58899
14307358
121755
110167
108316
123331
109773
148823
2032657
592041
10O4594O
7783359
592858
10415755
7782867
7439976
N/A
62384
628864
Regulatory Synonyms
Lead, bis(acetato-O)tetrahydroxytri
Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-
hexachloro-,(1alpha,2alpha,3beta,
4alpha,5alpha,6beta)-gamma-BHC
Hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma
isomer) , .
2,5-Furandione
3,6-Pyridazinedione, 1 ,2-dihydro-
Propanedinitrile
L-Phenylalanine, 4-[bis(2-
chloroethyDaminol]
Phenylmercury acetate .
Fulminic 'acid, mercury(2 + }salt
Statutory
RQ
5OOO
5OOO
1"
5000
5000
5OOO
5OOO
5000
1
1000
10
5OOO
5OOO
1*
1*
1".
1OO
1
10
1O
10
10
10
1*
1"
1*
1"
Cod«t
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1,2,4
1
1
1
1,4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2,3,4
2
4
4
RCRA
Wastt*
U146
U129
U147
U148
U149
U15O
U151
PO92
P065
Final RQ
Cat«-
flory
D
D
B
B
B
B
D
B
X
A
B
D
D
D
C
X
A
X
A
A
A
A
A
X
B
A
Pound* (Kg)
#
5OOO (2270)
#
5OOO (2270)
1OO (45.4)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
1OO (45.4)
#
5OOO (2270)
100(45.4)
1 (O.454)
10 (4.54)
100(45.4)
5OOO (2270)
5OOO (2270)
5000 (2270)
1OOO (454)
1 (0.454)
10(4.54)
1 (0.484)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
1O (4.54)
1 (0.454)
* *
1OO (45.4)
10 (4.54)
H-26
September 1992
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Methacrylonitrile
Methanamine, N-methyl-
Methanamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso-
Methane, bromo-
Methane, chloro-
Methane, chloromethoxy-
Methane, dibromo-
Methane, dichloro-
Methane, dichlorodifluoro-
Methane, iodo-
Methane, isocyanato-
Methane, oxybis(chloro-
Methanesulfenyl chloride, trichloro-
Methanesulfonic acid, ethyl ester
Methane, tetrachloro-
Methane, tetranitro
Methane, tribromo-
Methane, trichloro-
Methane, trichlorofluoro
Methanethiol
6,9-Methano-2,4,3-
benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9, 1 0, 1 0-
hexachloro-1 ,5,5a,6,9,9a-
hexahydro-, 3-oxide
1 ,3,4-Metheno-2H-cyclobutallcd]
pentalen-2-one, 1,18,3,33,4,5,5,
Sa,5b,6-decachloroctahydro-
4,7-Methano- 1 H-indene, 1 ,4,5,6,
7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-
tetrahydro-
4,7-Methano-1 H-indene, 1,2,3,4,
5,6,8,8-octachloro-2,3,3a,4,5,5a-
hexahydro-
Methanol
CASRN
126987
1244O3
62759
74839
74873
1073O2
74953
75092
75718
74884
624839
542881
594423
62500
56235
5O9148
75252
67663
75694
74931
1 1 5297
1435OO
76448
57749
67561
Regulatory Synonyms
2-Propenenitri|e,2-methyl-
Dimethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
Methyl bromide
Methyl chloride
Chloromethyl methyl ether
Methylene bromide
Methylene chloride
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Methyl iodide
Methyl isocyanate
Dichloromethyl ether
4 ,
Trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride
Ethyl methanesulfonate
Carbon tetrachloride
Tetranitromethane
Bromoform ,
Chloroform
Triohloromonofluoromethane
Methylmercaptan
Thiomethanol
Endosulfan
Kepone
Heptachlor
Chlordane
Chlordane, alpha & gamma
isomers
Chlordane, technical
Methyl alcohol
Statutory
RQ
1"
10OO
1*
1*
1«
1*
1"
1*
1*
1*
.1»
1*
1*
1-
5OOO
1"
1*
50OO
1*
1OO
1
1
1
1
!•
Cod*t
4
1,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
4
4
2,4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1,2,4
4
2,4
1,2,4
4
1,4
1,2,4
1,4
1,2,4
1,2,4
4
RCRA
Wasted
U152
U092
PO82
U029
U045
U046
U068
U080
U075
U138
P064
P016
P1 18
U119
U211
P112
U225 .
UO44
U121
U153
P050
U142
P059
UO36
U154
Final RQ
Cat«-
flory
C
C
A
C
B
A
C
C
D
B
A
B
X
A
A
B
A
D
B
X
X
X
X
D
Pound* (Kg)
10OO (454)
1OOO (454)
10(4.54)
1000 (454)
100(45.4)
1O (4.54)
1OOO (454)
1OOO (454).
5OOO (2270)
100(45.4)
##
10(4.54)
1OO(45.4)
1 (0.454)
10(4.54)
1O (4.54)
1OO (45.4)
10 (4.54)
5000(2270)
1 00 (45.4)
1 (0.454)
1 (O.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
50OO (2270)
September .1992
H-27
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Mothapyrilono
Mothomyl
Mathoxychlor
Methyl alchohol
Methyl bromide
1-Methylbutadiene
Methyl ohlorida
Methyl chtorocarbonata
Methyl chloroform
Methyl chloroformate
3-MethyIcholanthrene
4,4'«MethyIenebts(2-chloroaniline)
Mothylano bromide
Mothylono chloride
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
Methyl ethyl ketona peroxide
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl Iodide
Mothly isobutyl ketone
Methyl isocyanate
2-M ethy llactonitrite
Mothylmorcaptan
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl parathion
4-Mothyl-2-pontanona
CASRN
91805
1675277B
72435
67561
74839
504609
74873
79221
71556
79221
56495
101144
74953
75O92
78933
1338234
6O344
74884
108101
624839
75865
74931
80626
298OOO
108101
Regulatory Synonyms
1 ,2-Ethanediamine, N,N-dimethyl-
N'-2-pyridinyl-N'-(2-thienylmethyl)-
Ethanimidothioic acid, N-[[(methyl-
amino)carbonly]oxy]-, methyl ester
Benzene, 1,1 '-{2,2,2-'
trichloroethylidene)bis[4-methoxy-
Methanol
Methane, bromo-
1 ,3-Pentadiene
Methane, chloro-
Carbonochloridic acid, methyl ester
Methyl chloroformate
Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Carbonochloridic acid, methyl ester
Methyl chlorocarbonate
Benzljjaceanthrylene, 1 ,2-dihydro-
3-methyl-
Benzenamina, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-
chloro-
Methane, dibromo-
Methane, dichloro-
2-Butanone
2-Butanone peroxide
Hydrazine, methyl-
Methane, iodo-
4-Methyl-2-pentanone
Methane, isocyanato-
Acetone cyanohydrin
Propanenitrile, 2-hydroxy-2-
methyl-
Methanethiol
Thiomethanol
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl, methyl
ester
Phosphorotioic acid, ),)-dimethyl
O-(4-nitro-phenyl) ester
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Statutory
RQ
1"
1*
1
.1"
1"
1-
1*
1*
1"
1*
1"
!•
1*
1-
1*
T
1*
1*
1"
1*
1O
100
5OOO
100
1*
Codot
4
4
1,4
4
2,4
. 4
2,4
4
2,4
4
4
4
4
2,4
4
4
4
4
,4-
4
1,4
1,4
1'4
1,4
4
RCRA
Wa*t«#
U155
PO66
U247
U154
U029
U186
U045
U156
U226
U156
U157
U158
U068
U080
U159
U16O
PO68
U138
U161
PO64
P069
U153
U162
P071
U161
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
D
B
X
D
C
B
B
C
C
C
A
A
C
C
D
A
A
B'
D
A
B
C
B
O
Pound* (Kg)
50OO (2270)
1OO (45.4)
1 (0.454)
5000 (2270)
1OOO (454)
100(45.4)
100(45.4)
1000(454)
1000 (454)
1OOO (454)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
1000(454)
1000(454)
5000 (2270)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
100(45.4)
5OOO (2270)
##
10 (4.54)
1,00 (45.4)
1000(454)
100(45.4)
5000 (2270)
H-28
September 1992
-------
Appendix t
Hazardous Substance
Methylthiouracil
Mevinphos
Mexacarbate
Mitomycin C
MNNG
Monoethylamine
Monomethylamine
Multi Source Leachate
Muscimol
Naled
5,12-Naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-
10-[3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-
L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-
7,8,9, 10-tetrahydro-6,8,1 1 -
trihydroxy-1-methoxy, (8S-cis)-
1 -Naphthalenamine
2-Naphthalenamine
Naphthalenamine, N,N'-bis(2-
chloroethyl)-
Naphthalene
Naphthalene, 2-chloro-
1 ,4-Naphthalenedione
2,7-Naphthalehedisulfonic acid;
3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethyl-{1,V-
byphenyl)-4,4'-diyl)-bis(azo)]bis(5-
amino-4-hydroxy)tetrasodium salt
Naphthenic acid
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
alpha-Naphthylamine
beta-Naphthylamine
CASRN
56042
7786347
315184
50077
70257
75047
74895
2763964
3OO765
2083O813
134327
91598
494O31
91203
91587
130154
72571
1 338245
1 3O1 54
134327
91 598
Regulatory Synonyms
4(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 2>3-dihydro-6-
. methyl-2-thioxo-
j
Azirino[2',3':3,4]pyrrolo[1 ,2-
a]indole-4,7-dione,6-amino-8-
[[(aminocarbonyl)oxy]methyi]-
1 , 1 a,2,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-8a-
methoxy-5-methyl, [1aS-(1aalpha,
8beta,8aalpha, Sbalpha)]-
Guanidine, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-
nrtroso- >
3(2H)-lsoxazolone, 5-
(aminomethyl)- 5-(Amino-methyl)-
3-isoxazolol
Daunomycin
•;
alpha-Naphthylamine
beta-Naphthylamine
Chlornaphazine
beta-Chloronaphthalene 2-
Chloronaphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
Try pan blue
1 ,4-Naphthalenedione
1 ,-Naphthalenamine
2, -Naphthalenamine
Statutory
RQ
1"
1
1OOO
1*
1"
1OOO
1OOO
1«
1*
10
-- 1*
1«
T
1-
5OOO
1*
•1*
1*
1OO
1*
1*
T
Codet
4
1
1
4
4
1
1
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
1 ,2,4
2,4
4
4
1
4
4
4
RCRA
Wasted
U164
U010
U163
FO39
P007
UO59
U167
U168
UO26
U165
U047
U166
U236
U166
U167
U168
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
A
C
A
A
B
B
X
C
A
A
B
A
B
B
D
D
A
B
D
B
A
Pound* (Kg)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
1000 (454)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
1 (0.454)
1OOO (454)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54),
1OO(45.4)
10 (4.54)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
500O (2270)
50OO (2270)
10(4.54)
100(45.4)
50OO (2270)
1OO(45.4)
1O (4.54)
September 1992
H-29
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
alpha-Naphthylthiourea
Nickeltt
Nickel ammonium sulfate
NICKEL AND COMPOUNDS
Nickol carbonyl
Nickel carbonyl Ni(CO)4, (T-4)-
Nfckal chloride
Nickel cyanide
Nickel cyanide Ni{CN}2
Nickel hydroxide
Nickel nitrate
Nickel sulfate
Nicotine, & salts
Nitric acid
Nitric acid, thalium (1 +) salt
Nickel oxido
p-Nitroonilino
Nitrobenzene
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen oxide NO
Nitrogen oxide NO2
Nitroglycerine
Nitrophonol (mixed)
m-Nitrophonol
o-Nitrophonol
p-Nitrophenol
o-Nitrophonol
p-Nitrophonol
CASRN
86884
744002O
15699180
N/A
1 3463393
13463393
7718549
37211055
557197
557197
12O54487
14216752
7786814
54115
7697372
10102451
10102439
100016
98953
1O1O2440
1O544726
10102439
10102440
10544726
55630
25154556
554847
88755
100O27
88755
1OO027
Regulatory Synonyms
Thiourea, 1 -naphthalenyl-
Nickel carbonyl Ni(CO)4, (T-4)-
Nickel carbonyl
*
Nickel cyanide Ni(CN)2
Nickel cyanide
Pyridine, 3-{1-methyl-2-
pyrrolidinyl)-, (Si-
Thallium (I) nitrate
Nittrogen oxide NO
Benzenamine, 4-nitro-
Benzene, nrtro-
Nitrogen oxide NO2
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen dioxide
1 ,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate-
2-Nitrophenol
Phenol, 4-nitro-
4-N'rtrophenol
2-Nitrophenol
Phenol, 4-nitro- 4-Nitrophenol
Statutory
RQ
1»
1'
5000
1"
1-
1"
5OOO
5OOO
1"
1*
1OOO
50OO
50OO
1"
10OO
1"
1"
!•
1OOO
1OOO
1OOO
1*
1000
1*
1OOO
10OO
1000
Cod«t
4
2
1
2
4
4
1
1
4
4
1
1
1
4
1
4
4
4
1,2,4
1,4
1,4
4
1,4
4
1
1,2
1,2,4
RCRA
Waste*
PO72
P073
P073
P074
P074
P075
U217
PO76
P077
U169
P078
P078
P076
P078
PO81
U170
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
B
B
A
A
B
B
A
A
A
B
B
B
C
B
A
D
C
A
,A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
Pound* (Kg)
100 (45.4)
100(45.4)
100 (48.4)
* *
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
100(46.4)
1OO (45.4)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
10OO (454)
1OO (45.4)
10 (4.54)
5000 (2270)
10OO (454)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
100(45.4)
100(46.4)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
H-30
September 1992
-------
Appendix f
. Hazardous Substance
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nftrophenol
NITROPHENOLS
2-Nitropropane
NITROSAMINES
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane .
N-Nitrosomethylvinyiamine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrr6Iidine
Nitrotoiuene
m-Nitrotoluene
o-Nitrotoluene
p-Nitrotoluene
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
Octamethylpyrophosphoramide
Osmium oxide OsO4 (T-4)-
Osmium tetroxide
7-Oxabicyclo[2.2. 1 ]heptane-2,3-
dioarboxylic acid
1 ,2-Oxathiolane, 2,2-dioxide
2H-1 ,3,2-Oxazaphosphorin-2-
amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)
tetrahydro-, 2-oxide
Oxirane
Oxiraneca'r boxy aldehyde
CASRN
88755
100027
N/A
79469
N/A
924163
1116547
55185
62759
863O6
759739
684935
615532
4549400
100754
93O552
1321126
99081
88722
9999O
99558
152169
20816120
2O81612O
145733
1120714
50180
75218
765344
Regulatory Synonyms
o-Nitrophenol
p-Nitrophenol Phenol, 4-nitro-
-
Propane, 2-nitro-
,1-Butanamine, N-butyl-N-nitroso-
Ethanol, 2,2'-(nitrosoimino)bis-
Ethanamine, N-ethyJ-N-nitroso-
Methanamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso-
Urea, N-ethyl-N-nitroso-
Urea, N-methyl-N-nitroso
Carbamic acid, methylnitroso-,
ethyl ester
Vinlyamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso-,
Piperidine, 1-nitroso-
Pyrrolidine, 1-nitroso-
'_
Benzenamine, 2-methyl-5-nitro-
Diphosphoramide, octamethyl-
Osmium tetroxide
Osmium oxide OsO4 (T-4)-
Endothall
1 ,3-Propane sultone
Cyclophosphamide
Ethylene oxide
Glycidylaldehyde
Statutory
RQ
1000
1OOO
1"
1*
1*
1*
1"
1V
1"
1*
1"
1*
1*
1"
1«
1*
1000
1*
1*
1"
1*
1*
1* ,
T
1*
1*
Cod«t
1,2
1,2,4
2
4
2
4
4
4
2,4
2
4
. 4
4
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Wa«t«#
U170
U171
U172
U173
U174
PO82
U176
U177
U178
PO84
U179
U180
U181
PO85
P087
P087
PO88
U193
U058
U115
U126
Final RQ
Cat«-
flory
B
B
A
A
X
X
A
B
X
X
X
A
A
X
c
B
B
C
C
C
A
A
A
A
Pound* (Kg)
1OO (45.4)
100(45.4)
<• *
10 (4.54)
* *
10(4.54)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
10 (4.54)
1OO(45.4)
. 1 (O.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
1 (O.454)
1OOO (454)
1OO(45.4)
100 (45.4)
1000 (454)
1OOO (454)
1000(454)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
September 1992
H-31
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Oxkano, (chtoromothyl)-
Paraformaldohyds
Paraldohydo
Parathion
Pentachlorobenzene
Pontachloroothano
Pcntachloronhrobenzene (PCNB)
Pentachtorophenol
1,3-Pontodiono
Porchtoroothylane
Phonacotin
Phonanthrona
Phenol
Phenol, 2-ohloro-
Phenol, 4-ch(oro-3-methyl-
Pheno), 2-cyclohexyJ-4,6-dinitro-
Phonol, 2,4-dichtoro-
Phonol, 2,6-dichloro
Phenol, 4.4M1 ,2-diathyl-1 ,2-
othonodiyDbis-, (E)
Phenol, 2.4-dimethyl-
Phenol, 2,4-dinitro-
Phenol, methyl-
m-Crosol
o-Cresol
p-Crosol
Phenol, 2-methyI~4,6-dinitro-
Phonol, 2,2'-mothy!onebis[3,4,6-
trfchloro"
Phonol, 2-{1-methytpropyl)-4,6-
dfnftro
CASRN
106898
30525894
123637
56382
608935
76017
82688
87865
5O46O9
127184
62442
85O18
108952
95578
595O7
131895
120832
8765O
56531
105679
51285
1319773
108394
95487
106445
534521
7O3O4
88857
Regulatory Synonyms
Epichlorohydrin
1 ,3,5-Trioxane, 2,4,6-trimethyl-
Phosphorothioio acid, O.O-diethyl
O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester
Benzene, pentachloro-
Ethane, pentachloro-
Benzene, pentachloronitro-
Phenol, pentachloro-
1 -Methylbutadiene
Ethane, tetrachloro- Tetrachloro-
ethene Tetrachlor-oethylene
Acstamide, N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)- •
Benzene, hydroxy-
o-Chlorophenol 2-Chlorophenol
p-Chloro-m-cresol
4-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Diethylstilbastrol
2,4-Dimethylphenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
Cresol(s) Cresylic acid
m-Cresylic' acid
o-Cresylic acid
p -Cresylic acid
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol and salts
Hexachlorophene
Dinoseb
Statutory
RQ
1OOO
1000
1»
1
!•
1*
\"
1O
1"
1"
1*
1»
10OO
1»
1*
1»
1*
1*
1*
1*
10OO
100O
1OOO
1OOO
1OOO
1*
1»
1*
Cod«t
1,4
1
4
1,4
4
4
- 4
1,2,4
4
2,4
4
2
1,2,4
2,4
2,4
4
2,4
4
4
2,4
1,2,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
2,4
4
4
RCRA
Wa«t« #
UO41
U182
P089
U183
U184
U185
U242
U186
U210
U187
U188
UO48
UO39
PO34
U081
UO82
UO89
U101
PO48
UO52
U052
U052
U052
P047
U132
PO2O
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
C
C
A
A
A
B
A
B
B
B
O
C
B
D
B
B
B
X
B
A
C
C
C
C
A
B
C
Pound* (Kg)
100 (45.4)
1OOO(454)
1OOO (454)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
1OO (45.4)
10 (4.54)
1OO(45.4)
10O<45.4)
100(45.4)
50OO (2270)
1OOO (454)
100(45.4)
5OOO (2270)
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
1 (O.454)
1OO(45.4)
10 (4.54)
1000(454)
10OO (454)
1OOO (454)
1000 (454)
10 (4.54)
100 (45.4)
1000 (454)
H-32
September 1992
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Phenol, 4-nitro-
Phenol, pentachloro-
Phenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-
Phenol, 2,4,5-trichloro-
Phenol, 2,4,6-trichloro-
Phenol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, ammonium
salt
L-Phenylalanine, 4-[bis(2-
chloroethyl) aminol]
1 , 1 0-( 1 ,2-Phenylene)pyrene
Phenylmercury acetate
• Phenylthiourea
Phorate
Phosgene
Phosphine,
Phosphoric acid
• Phosphoric acid, diethyl 4-
nitrophenyl ester
Phosphoric acid, lead(2 + ) salt
(2:3)
Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-diethyl
S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl]ester
. Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-diethyl
S-(ethylthio), methyl ester
Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-diethyl
S-methyl ester
Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-
dimethyl S-[2(methylamino)-2-
oxoethyl] ester
Phosphorofluoridic acid, bisCI-
methylethyl) ester
Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-diethyl
O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester
'hosphorothioic acid, O,[4-
(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]
phenyl]O,O-dimethyl ester
CASRN
100027
87865
58902
95954
88062
131748
148823
1 93395
62384
103856
298O22
75445
7803512
7664382
311455
7446277
298044
298022
3288582
6O515
55914
56382
52857
Regulatory Synonyms
p-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
Pentachlorophenol
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
2,4, 5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Ammonium, picrate
Melphalan
Indenod ,2,3-cd)pyrene
Mercury, (acetato-O)phenyl-
Thiourea, pheriyl-
Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-diethyl
S-(ethylthio), methyl ester
Carbonic dichloride
Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate
Lead phosphate
Oisulfoton
Phorate
O,O-Diethyl S-rriethyl
dithiophosphate
Dimethoate
Diisopropylf luorophosphate
Parathion
Famphur
Statutory
RQ
1000
10
1"
10
10
1*
1*
V
1*
1"
1*
5OOO
1*
5000
1"
1«
1
1*
1«
1»
1*
1
T
Cod«t
1,2,4
1,2,4
4
1,4
1,2,4
4
4
2,4
4
4
4
1,4
4
1
4
4
1,4
4
4
4
4
1,4
4
RCRA
W**t*#
U170
U242
U212
U230
U231
P009
U150
U137
P092
PO93
P094
.PO95
P096
PO41
U145
PO39
PO94
U087
PO44
PO43
PO89
PO97
Final RQ
Cnt«-
eory
B
A
A
A
A
A
X
B
B
B
A
A
B
D
B
X
A
D
A
B
A
c
Pounds (Kg)
^mm^mmm
100(45.4)
10 (4.54)
TO (4.54)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
1 (0.454)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
10O (45.4)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
100 (45.4)
5OOO (227O)
100 (45.4)
#
1 (0.454)
10. (4.54)
50OO (2270)
10(4.54)
100 (45.4)
10 (4.54)
1000 (454)
September 1992
H-33
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Phoephorothloic acid, O,O-
dlmBthyl O-(4-nitroph0nyl) ester
Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-diethyl
O-pyrnzlnyl ester
Phosphorus
Phosphorus oxycloride
Phosphorus pentasuifido
Phosphorus sulfido
Phosophorus trichloride
PHTHALATE ESTERS
Phthalic anhydride
2-Pfcolina
Piporidina, 1-nitroso-
PKimbane, tetraethyl-
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
Aroclor 1O16
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroctor 126O
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS
Potosskjm arsonate
Potassium arsenite
Potassium bichromate
Potassium chromato
CASRN
2980OO
297972
7723140
10O2B873
13148O3
1314803
7719122
N/A
86449
109068
100764
78002
1336363
12674112
11104282
11141165
63469219
12672296
11097691
11O9682B
N/A
7784410
1 O1 24602
7778BO9
7789OO6
Regulatory Synonyms
Methyl parathion
O,O-Diethyl O-pyrazinyl
phosphorothioate
Phosphorus sulfide
Sulfur phosphide
Phosphorus pentasulfide
Sulfur phosphide
1 ,3-lsobenzofurandione
Pyridine, 2-methyl-
N-Nitrosopiperidine
Tetraethyl lead
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS '
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs) .
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
(PCBs)
Statutory
RQ
100
1"'
1
5000
100
10O
5000
1*
1*
- 1"
1"
1OO
10
1"
1OOO
1000
1000
100O
Cod*t
1,4
4
1
1
1,4
J,4
1
2
, 4
4
4
1,4
1,2
2
1
1
1
1
RCRA
WMte*
P071
P040
U189
U189
U190
U191
U179
P110
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
B
X
c
B
/
B
C
D
D
A
A
X
X
X
A
A
Pound* (Kg)
10O(45.4)
1OO(45.4)
1 (0.454)
1000 (454)
10O(45.4)
1OO (45.4)
100O (454)
* »
5OOO (2270)
5OOO (2270)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
1 (O.454)
* *
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
H-34
September 1992
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Potassium cyanide
Potassium cyanide K(CN)
Potassium hydroxide
Potassium permanganate
Potassium silver cyanide
Pronamide
Propanal, 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)-,
0-[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxime
1 -Propanamine
1-Propanamine, N-propyl-
1 -Propanamine, N-nitroso-N-propyl-
Propane, 1 ,2-dibromo-3-chloro-
Propane, 2-nitro-
1,3-Propane sultone
Propane, 1 ,2-dichloro-
Propanedinitrile
Propanenitrile
Propanenitrile, 3-ch!oro-
Propanenitrile, 2-hydroxy-2-
methyl-
Propane, 2,2'-oxybis[2-chloro-
1 ,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate-
1 -Propanol, 2,3-dibromo-,
phosphate (3:1)
1 -Propanol, 2-methyl-
2-Propanone
2-Propanone, 1-bromo-
Propargite
Propargyl alcohol
2-Propenal
2-Propenamide
CASRN
151508
151508
1310583
7722647
506616
2395O585
116063
1071 OS
142847
621647
96128
79469
1120714
78875
109773
107120
542767
75865
1086O1
55630
126727
78831
67641
598312
2312358
1O7197
107028
79061
Regulatory Synonyms
Potassium cyanide K (CN)
Potassium cyanide
Argentate (1-), bis(cyano-C)-,
potassium
Benzamide, 3.5-dichloro-N-(1,1-
dimeth yl-2-propy nyl) -
Aldicarb
n-Propylamine
Dipropylamine
> Di-n-propylnitrosamine
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
2-Nitropropane
1 ,2-Oxathiolane, 2,2-dioxide
Propylene dichloride
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
Malononitrile
Ethyl cynide
3-Chloropropionitrile •
Acetone cyanohydrin
2-Methyllactonitrile
Dichloroisopropyl ether
Nitroglycerine
Tris(2,3-dibrom6propyl) phosphate
Isobutyl alcohol
Acetone
Bromoacetone
2-Propyn-1-ol
Acrolein
Acrylamide
Statutory
RQ
10
10
10OO
100
T
1"
T
1*
1*
1*
1"
1»
1"
500O
1*-
1"
1*
1O
1"
1*
.1*
1"
1'
1*
1O
1*
1
1*
Cod*t
1,4
1,4
1
1
4
4
4
4
4
2,4
4
4
4
1,2,4
4
4
4
1,4
2,4
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
1,2,4
4
RCRA
Wa«t«#
PO98
P098
P099
U192
P070
U194
U11O
U111
U066
U171
U193
U083
U149
P101
P027
P069
U027
P081
U235
U140
UO02
P017
P102
POOS
U007
Final RQ
Cat«-
aory
A
A
C
B
X
D
X
D
D
A
X
A
A
C
C
A
C
A
C
A
A
D
D
C
A
C
X
D
Pound* (Kg)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
1000(454)
100 (45.4)
1 (0.454)
50OO (2270)
1 (0.454)
5OOO (2270)
5OOO (2270)
1O (4.54)
1 (0.454)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
1000 (454)
1000 (454)
10 (4.54)
1000 (454)
1O (4.54)
1OOO (454)
10 (4.54)
1O (4.54)
5OOO (227O)
5000 (2270)
1000(454)
10(4.54)
1OOO (454)
1 (0.454)
50OO (2270)
September 1992
H-35
-------
Appendix /
Hazardous Substance
1-Propene, 1,1,2,3,3,3-
hoxachloro-
1 -Propone, 1 ,3-dichIoro-
2-PropenenitriIe
2-Propenenitrile, 2-methyl-
2-Propanoic acid
2-Propanoio acid, ethyl ester
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl
ester
2-Proponolc acid, 2-methyl-,
methyl ester
2-Propon-1-ol
Propionlc acid
Proplonic acid, 2-{2,4,5-
trichlofophenoxy)-
Pr op ionic anhydride
n-Propylamine
Pro-pylono dichioride
Propylane oxide
1 ,2-Propytenimine
2-Propyn-1-ol
Pyrona
Pyrathrins
3,6-PyrWazinedione, 1 ,2-dihydro-
4-Pyridlnamino
Pyrfdine
Pyridine, 2-methyI-
Pyridtno, 3-(1-methyl-2-
pyrrolidinyl)-, (S)
2,4-(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 6-
[bis(2-ch!oroothyl)aminoj-
4{1HJ-Pyrimidinone, 2,3-dihydro-6-
mothyj-2-thfoxo-
CASRN
1888717
542756
107131
126987
79107
140886
97632
80626
107186
79094
93721
123626
1O7108
78875
75569
75558
107197
12900O
121299
121211
8003347
123331
604245
110861
109068
64116
66751
56042
Regulatory Synonyms
Hexachloropropene
1 ,3-Dichloropropene
Acrylonitrile
Methacrylonitrile
Acrylic acid
Ethyl acrylate
Ethyl methacrylate
Methyl methacrylate
Allyl alcohol
Silvex (2,4,5-TP)
2,4,5-TP acid
1 -Propanamine
Propane, 1 ,2-dichloro-
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
Aziridine, 2-methyl-
Propargyl alcohol
Maleic hydrazide
4-Aminopyridine
2-Picoline
Nicotine, & salts
Uracil mustard
Methytthiouracil
Statutory
RQ
T
50OO
100
T
1"
1*
1*
5OOO
100
500O
10O
5000
1*
50OO
5000
1»
1«
1*
1OOO
1OOO
1000
1*
T
1»
1"
T
1*
1*
'Cod«t
4
1,2,4
1,2,4
4
4
4
- 4
1,4
1,4
1
1,4
1
4
1,2,4
1
4
4
2
1
1
1
,4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Waste*
U243
U084
UO09
U152
UOO8
U113
U118
U162
P006
U233
U194
U083
P067
P102
U148
POOS
U196
U191
PO75
U237
U164
Final RQ
Cata-
gory
C
B
B
C
D
C
C
C
B
D
B
D
D
C
B
X
C
D
X
X
X
D
C
C
D
B
A
A
Pound* (Kg)
1OOO (464)
100(45.4)
1OO (45.4)
1000 (464)
5000 (2270)
1000 (454)
1000 (464)
1000(454)
100 (45.4)
5000 (2270)
100 (45.4)
5000 (2270)
5000 (2270)
1000(454)
100(45.4)
1 (0.454)
1000(454)
5000 (2270)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
5000 (2270)
1000 (454)
1000 (454)
5000 (2270)
100 (45.4)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
H-36
September 1992
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Pyrrolidine, •1-nitroso-
Quinoline
RADIONUCLlDES
Reserpine
Resorcinol
Saccharin and salts
Safrole
Selenious acid
Selenious acid, dithallium (1 +) salt
Selenium tt
SELENIUM AND COMPOUNDS
Selenium dioxide
Selenium oxide
Selenium sulfide
Selenium sulfide SeS2
Selenourea
L-Serine, diazoacetate (ester)
Silvertt
SILVER AND COMPOUNDS
Silver cyanide
Silver cyanide Ag (CN)
Silver nitrate
Silvex (2,4,5-TP)
Sodium
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium azide
Sodium bichromate
CASRN
93O552
91225
N/A
50555
108463
81072
94597
7783008
1 2039520
7782492
N/A
7446084
7446O84
7488564
7488564
63O1O4
1 1 5O26
744O224
N/A
5O6649
5O6649
7761888
93721
744O235
7631892
7784465
26628228
10588019
Regulatory Synonyms
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
'
Yohimban-16-carboxylic acid,
11,1 7-dimethoxy-1 8-[(3,4,5-
trimethoxybenzoyOoxy-, methyl
ester (Sbeta, 16beta, 17alpha,
18beta, 20alpha)-
1 ,3-Benzenediol
1 ,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 1,1-
dioxide
1 ,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyO-
Thallium selenite
Selenium oxide
Selenium dioxide
Selenium suifide SeS2
Selenium sulfide
Azaserine
Silver cyanide Ag(CN),
Silver cyanide
Propionic acid, 2-(2,4,5-
trichlorophenoxy)-
2,4,5-TP acid
Statutory
RQ
1*
1OOO
1*
1*
1OOO
1*
1"
1*
1»
1*
1*
1000
10OO
1*
1"
1*
1*
1"
1"
1»
1»
1
10O
10OO
1000
1OOO
1"
iooo
Cod«t
4
1
3
4
1,4
4
4
4
4
2
2
1,4.
1,4
4
4
4
4
2
2
4
4
1
1,4
1
1
1
4
1
RCRA
Wa«t«#
U180
U2OO
U2O1
U202
U2O3
U204
P1T4
U204
U2O4
U2O5
U2O5
P103
U015
P104
P104
U233
P1O5
Final RQ
Cate-
sory
X
D
D
D
B
B
A
C
B
A
A
A
A
C
X
C
X
X
X
B
A
X
X
C
A
Pound* (Kg)
1 (0.454)
5OOO (2270)
S
5OOO (2270)
50OO' (2270)
10O (46.4)
10O (45.4)
10 (4.54)
1OOO (454)
100(45.4)
' "' *»
1O (4.54)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
10OO (454)
1 (O.454)
1OOO<454)
*-»:
1 (O.454)
1 (O.454)
1 (0.454)
1OO (45.4)
10 (4.54)
1 (O.454)
1 (O.454)
1OOO(454)
10(4.54)
September 1992
H-37
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Sodium bifhJoride
Sodium bisulfite
Sodium chromate
Sodium cyanide
Sodium cyanide Na (CN)
Sodium dodocylbonzenesulfonate
Sodium fluorido
Sodium hydcosulfida
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium methylate
Sodium nitrite
Sodium phosphate, dibasic
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Sodium solon'rte
Stroptozotocin
Strontium chromate
Strychnidin-1 0-one
Strychnidin-IOone, 2.3-
dlmathoxy-
Strychnirve, & salts
CASRN
1333831
7631 905
7775113
143339
143339
25155300
7681494
16721805
1310732
7681529
10022705
124414
7632OOO
7558794
10039324
10140655
7601549
•7758294
7786844
10101890
10124568
10361894
10102188
7782823
1 8883664
7789062
57249
357573
57249
Regulatory Synonyms
Sodium cyanide Na(CN)
Sodium cyanide
'
•
D-Glucose, 2-deoxy-2-
[[(methylnitrosoamino)-carbonyll
amino]-
Glucopyranose, 2-deoxy-2-(3-
methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-
Strychnine, & salts
Brucine
Strychnidin-1 0-one
Statutory
RQ
5OOO
5OOO
1OOO
10
10
1000
sooo
50OO
10OO
1OO
100
10OO
100
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
1000
1»
1OOO
1O
1"
1O
Cod«t
1
1
1
1,4
1,4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1,4
4
1,4
RCRA
Waste #
P106
P106
U206
P108
PO18
P108
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
D
A
A
A
C
C
O
C •
B
B
C
B
D
D
D
D
D
' D
D
D
D
B
X
A
A
B
A
Pound* (Kg)
1OO (45.4)
50OO (2270)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
1000 (454)
1000 (454)
SOOO (2270)
1000 (454)
100(45.4)
1OO (45.4)
1000(454)
1OO(45.4)
50OO (2270)
5000 (2270)
SOOO (2270)
5000 (2270)
50OO (2270)
5OOO (2270)
5OOO (2270)
5000 (2270)
5000 (2270)
100 (45.4)
1 (0.454)
1O (4.54)
10 (4.54)
100 (45.4)
10(4.54)
H-38
September 1992
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Styfene
Sulfur monochloride
Sulfur phosphide
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid, dithallium (1 +) salt
Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester
2,4,5-T acid
2,4,5-T amines
2,4,5-T esters
2,4,5-T salts
2,4,5-T
T°E .
1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2, 3,7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin (TCDD)
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
CASRN
100425
12771083
1314803
7664939
8014957
7446186
10031591
77781
93765
20O846O
1319728
3813147
6369966
6369977
93798
1928478
2545597
25168154
61792O72
13560991
93765
72548
95943
1746O16
6302O6
79345
Regulatory Synonyms
Phosphorus pentasutf ide
Phosphorus sulfide
Thallium (1) sulfate
Dimethyl sulfate
Acetic acid, (2,4,5-
trichlorophenoxy)
2,4,5-T
/
' -.
Acetic acid, (2,4,5-
trichlorophenoxy)
2,4,5-T acid
Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2-
dichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro-
DDD 4,4' ODD
Benzene, 1 ,2,4,5-tetrachloro-
Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-
Ethane, 1 , 1 ,2,2-tetrachloro-
RQ
10OO
1000
100
10OO
10OO
10OO
100O
1*
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1
1"
1*
T
1"
Statutory
Codet
•^•H
1
1
1,4
1
" 1
1,4
-1,4
4
1,4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.1
1
1
1
1,4
1,2,4
4
2
4
2,4
RCRA
Wa*t«*
•••••
U189
P115
P115
U103
U232
U232
UO6O
U207
U208
U209
Final RQ
Cate-
9<>ry
•MBi
C
c
B
C
C
B
B
B
C
O
D
D
D
D
c
C
C
C
c
c
c
X
D
X
B
B
Pounds (Kg)
mmmmm^m
1000(454)
10OO (454)
100 (45.4)
10OO (454)
10OO (454)
1 0O (45.4)
10O (45.4)
10O (45.4)
10OO (454)
50OO (2270)
50OO (2270)
5OQO (2270)
5000 (2270)
500O (2270)
10OO (454)
1000 (454)
1000 (454)
1OOO (454)
1000 (454)
1000 (454)
10OO (454)
1 (0.454)
50OO (2270)
1 (0;454)
1OO 145.4)
100(45.4)
September 1992
H-39
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Tetrachloroothane
Tatrachtoroethylene .
2,3,4,6-Totrachlorop Hanoi
Tetraothyl lead
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
Totroethyldithiopyrophosphate
Tetrahydroforan
Totranitromothano
Totraphosphorie acid, hexaethyl
ester
Thallic oxido
Thalliumtt
Thallium and compounds
Thallium (1) acetate
Thallium (1) carbonate
Thallium (1) chloride
Thallium chloride TIC)
Thallium (1) nitrate
Thallium oxide TI203
Thallium solonito
Thallium (1) sulfate
Thioacotomido
Thiodiphosphoric acid, tetraethyl
ester
Thfofanox
Thioimidodicarbonic diamide
l(H2N)C(S)] 2NH
Thtomothanol
CASRN
127184
127184
589O2
780O2
107493
3689245
109999
509148
757584
1314325
7440280
N/A
563688
6533739
7791120 '
77911 2O
10102451
1314325
1 203952O
7446186
10O31591
62655
3689245
39196184
541537
74931
Regulatory Synonyms
Ethene, tetrachloro-
Perchloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene
Ethene, tetrachloro-
Perchloroethylene
Tetrachloroethene
Phenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-
Plumbane, tetraethyl-
Diphosphoric acid, tetraethyl ester
Thiodiphosphoric acid, tetraethyl
ester
Furan, tetrahydro-
Methane, tetran'rtro-
Hexaethyl tetraphosphoate
Thallium oxide TI2O3
Acetic acid, thallium (1 +) salt
Carbonic acid, dithallium (1 +) salt
Thallium chlorice TICI
Thallium (1) chloride
Nitric acid, thallium (1 +) salt
Thallic oxide
Selenious acid, dithallium (1 +) salt
Sulf uric acid, dithallium ( 1 + ) salt
Ethanethioamide
Tetraethyldithiopyrophosphate
2-Butanone, 3,3-dimethyl-1-
(methylthio)-, Ot(methylamino)
carbonyl) oxime
Dithiobiuret
Methanethiol
Methylmercaptan
Statutory
RQ
1*
1"
1«
100
100
1"
1*
1*
1"
i*
1"
1"
1»
1"
T
1*
1*
1"
1»
10OO
10OO
T
1*
1*
1*
10O
Codet
2,4
2,4
4
1,4
1,4
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1,4
1,4
4
4
4
4
1,4
RCRA
Wa«t«#
U210
U210
U212
P11O
P111
P109
U213
P112
P062
P113
U214
U21B
U216
U216
U217
P113
P114
P115
P116
U218
P109
PO45
P049
U153
Final RQ,
Cafe-
gory
B
B
A
A
A
B
C
A
B
B
C
B
B •
B
B
B
B
C
B
B
A
B
B '
B
B
Pounds (Kg)
1OO(45.4)
100(45.4)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
100(45.4)
1000 (454)
10(4.54)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
10OO(454)
* *
10O(45.4)
10O (45.4)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
100 (45.4)
1000(454)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
10 (4.54)
100(45.4)
100(45.4)
100(45.4)
10O(45.4)
H-40
September 1992
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide
[(H2N)C(S)] 2S2, tetramethyl-
Tbiophenol
Thiosemicarbazide
Thiourea
Thiourea, (2-chlorophenyl)-
Thiourea, 1 -naphthalenyl-
fhiourea, phenyl-
Thiram
Toluene
Toluenediamine
Toluene diisocyanate
o-Toluidine
p-Toluidine
o-Toluidine hydrochloride
Toxaphene
2,4,5-TP acid
2,4,5-TP esters
1 H-1 ,2,4-Triazol-S-amine
Trichlorfon
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1 , 1 , 1 -Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Triohloroethene
CASRN
137268
108985
79196
62566
5344821
86884
103855
1 37268
1O8883
95807
496720
823405
25376458
584849
91087
26471625
95534
106490
63621 5
8OO1352
93721
32534955
61825
52686
120821
71 556
79O05
79016
Regulatory Synonyms
Thiram
Benzenethiol
Hydrazinecarbothioamide
1 -(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea
alpha-Naphthylthiourea
Phenylthiourea
Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide
l(H2N)C(S)] 2S2, tetramethyl-
Benzene, methyl-
Benzenediamine, ar-methyl-
Benzene, 1 ,3-diisocyanatomethyl-
Benzenamine, 2-methyl-
Benzenamine, 4-methyl-
Benzenamine, 2-methyl-,
hydrochloride
Camphene, octachloro-
Propionic acid 2-(2,4,5-
trichlorophenoxy)-
Silvex (2,4,5-TP)
Amitrole
Ethane, 1,1,1 -trichloro-
Methyl chloroform
Ethane, 1 , 1 ,2-trichloro-
Ethene, trichloro-
Trichloroethylene
Statutory
RQ
1*
T
1*
1*
1"
1*
i»
1»
1000
1»
1-
1*
1"
1»
1»
1*
1*
1*
T
1'
1OO
100
1«
10OO
1*
1»
1*
1000
Cod«t
4
4
4
4
4
4
- 4
4
1,2,4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1,2,4
1,4
1
4
1
2
2,4
2,4
1,2,4
RCRA
Waste #
U244
P014 .
P116
U219
PO26
P072
P093
U244
U220
U221
U221
U221
U221
U223
U223
U223
U328
U353
U222
P123
U233
UO11
U226
U227
U228
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
B
B
A
B
B
B
A
C
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
Br
B
B
X
B
B
A
B
B
C
B
B
Pound* (Kg)
1O (4. 54)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
10(4.54)
100(45.4)
100(45.4)
100 (45.4)
10 (4.54)
1000(454)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
1OO(45.4)
100 (4B.4)
100 (45.4)
10O (45.4)
1OO (45.4)
100(4.5.4)
1 (0.454)
100 (45.4)
1OO(45.4)
10 (4.54)
100(45.4)
10O(45.4)
1000 (454)
100(45.4)
100(45.4)
September 1992
H-41
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Trtehloroothylana
Trtchtoromothanesulfenyl chloride
THchloromonofluoromethane
Trfchtorophonol
2,3,4-TrichIorophenol
2,3,6-Trichtorophenol
2,3,6-Trichlorophonol
2,4,5-Trichtorophonol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
3,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Tnchlorophenol
Triothanolarnine
dodocylbonzenesulfonate
Trfethylamine
Trfmathylamina
1 ,3,5-Trinitrobenzena
1,3,5-Trioxana, 2,4,6-trimethyl-
Tris(2,3-dibfomopropyl) phosphate
Trypan bkio
Unlisted Hazardous Wastes
Charoctoristic of Corrosivity
Unlisted Hazardous Wastes
Characteristics:
Characteristic of Toxicity:
Arsenic (DOO4)
Barium (DO05)
Benzene (D018)
Cadmium (D006)
Carbon totrochloride (D01 9)
CASRN
79016
594423
75694
25167822
1 5950660
933788
933755
95954
88062
609198
95954
88062
27323417
121448
755O3
99354
123637
126727
72571
, N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Regulatory Synonyms
Ethene, trichloro-
Trichloroethene
Methanesulfenyl chloride, trichloro-
Methane, trichlorofluoro-
Phenol, 2,4,5-trichloro-
Phenol, 2,4,6-trichloro-
-
Phenol, 2,4,5-trichloro-
Phenol, 2,4,6-trichloro-
Benzene, 1 ,3,5-trinitro-
Paraldehyde
1-Propanol, 2,3-dibromo-,
phosphate [(3:1)
2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid,
3,3'-3,3'-dimethyl-(1 ,1 '-biphenyl)-
4,4'-diyl)-bis(azo)]bis(5-amino-4-
hydroxyl-tetrasddium salt
Statutory
RQ
1000
1"
1*
10
10
10
10
10*
10*
10*
10
1OOO
5OOO
1OOO
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
•1
•1
10OO
•1
5OOO
Codot
1,2,4
4
. 4
1
1
1
- 1
1,4
1,2,4
1,4
1,2,4
1
1
1
.. 4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1,2,
3,4
4
1,2,4
RCRA
Wa«te#
U228
P118
U121
U230
U231
U230
U231
U234
U182
U235
U236
D002
DOO4
D005
D0 18
DO06 .
DO19
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
B
D
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
D
B
A
C
A
A
B
X
C
A
A
A
Pound* (Kg)
1OO (45.4)
100(45.4)
5OOO (2270)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
1O (4.54)
1O (4.54)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
1OOO (454)
50OO (2270)
1OO (45.4)
1O (4.54)
10OO (454)
1O (4.54)
1O (4.54)
100 (45.4)
1 (0.454)
1000 (454)
1O (4.54)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
H-42
September 1992
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Chlordane (D020)
Chlorobenzene (D021)
Chloroform (DO22)
Chromium (D007)
o-Cresol (D023)
m-Cresol (D024)
p-Cresol (D025)
Cresol (D026)
2,4-D (D016)
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene (D027)
1,2-Dichloroethane (D028)
1,1-Dichloroethylene (D029)
2,4-Dinitrotoluene (D030)
EndriMD012)
Heptachlor (and epoxide) (D031)
Hexachlorobenzene (D032)
Hexachlorobutadiene (D033)
Hexachloroethane (DO34)
Lead (D008)
Lindane (D013)
Mercury (OOO9)
Methoxychlor (D014)
Methyl ethyl ketone (D035)
Nitrobenzene (D036)
Pentachlorophenol (D037)
Pyridine (DOSS)
Selenium (0010)
Silver (D011)
Teterachloroethylene (DOSS)
Toxaphene (D015)
Trichloroethylene (DO40)
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol (DO41 )
CASRN
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
iN/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Regulatory Synonyms
,'
i •
'
Statutory
RQ
1
100
5OOO
•1
10OO
100O
1OOO
10OO
100
100
50OO
5OOO
1OOO
1
1
•1
•1
•1
•1
1
•1
1
•1
1OOO
10
•1
•1
•1
•1
1
1OOO
10
Cod«t
1,2,4
1,2,4
1,2,4
4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,2,4
1 ,2,4
1,2,4
1,2,4
1,4
1 ,2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
4
1,4
4
1,4
4
1,2,4
1,2,4
4
4
4
2,4
1,4
1,2,4
1,4
RCRA
Wast**
D020
D021
DQ22
DO07
D023
D024
D025
D026
D016
D027
D028
D029
D030
D012
D031
D032
DO33
D034
DOO8
D013
DO09
D014
D035
D036
D037
DOSS
DO10
D011
DO39
D015
DO4O
DO41
Fmal RQ
CaU-
gory
X
B
A
A
C
C
C
C
B
B
B
B
A
X
X
A
X
B
X
X
X
D
C
A
C
A
X
B
X
B
A
Pounds (Kg)
1 (O.454)
100(45.4)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
1000 (454)
1OOO (454)
10OO (454)
1000 (454)
100(45.4)
1OO (45.4)
100 (45.4)
1OO (45.4)
10(4.54)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
10(4.54)
1 (O.454)
1 0O (45.4)
(#)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
5OOO (2270)
1000 (454)
1O (4.54)
1000(454)
10(4.54)
1 (0.454)
1OO (45.4) ,
1 (0.454)
100(45.4)
10(4.54)
September 1992
H-43
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
2,4,6-Trichtorophenol (D042)
2,4,6-TP (D017)
Vinyl chloride (DO43)
Unlisted Hazardous Wastes
Characteristic of tgnitability
Unlisted Hazardous Wastes
Characteristic of Reactivity
UracH mustard
Uranyl acetate
Uranyl nitrate
Uraa, N-ethyl-N-nitroso-
Uroa, N-methyl-N-nitroso
Vanadic acid, ammonium salt
Vanadium oxide V205
Vanadium pontoxido
Vanadyl sulfate
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetate monomer
Vfnyiamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso-
VinylJdona chloride
Warfarin, & salts, when present at
concentrations greater than 0.3%
Xylane (mixed)
m-Bonzeno, dimethyl
o-Benzene, dimethyl
p-Bonzeno, dimethyl
CASRN
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
66751
5411093
10102O64
36478769
759739
684935
7803556
1314621
1314621
27774136
75014
108054
108054
45494OO
75354
81812
1 3302O7
108383
95476
106423
Regulatory Synonyms
•
2,4-(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-
[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
Ammonium vanadate
Vanadium pentoxide
Vanadium oxide V205
Ethane, chloro-
Vinyl acetate monomer
Vinyl acetate
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
Ethane, 1,1-dichIoro-
1 , 1 -Dichloroethylene
2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 4-
hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenyl-butyl)-,
& salts, when present at
concentrations greater than 0.3%
Benzene, dimethyl
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
Statutory
RQ
10
100
•1
1»
1"
1*
5OOO
5000
1"
1"
1"
1OOO
1000
1OOO
1*
100O
1000
1*
5OOO
1*
100O
1OOO
1OOO
1000
Cod«t
1,2,4
1,4
2,3,4
4
. 4
4
1
1
4
4
4
1,4
1,4
1
2,3,4
1
1
4
1,2,4
4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
RCRA
Waste*
DO42
DO17
DO43
DOO1
DOO3
U237
U176
U177
P119
P120
P120
U043
P084
UO78
PO01
U239
U239
U239
U239
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
B
X
B
B
A
B
B
B
X
X
c
c
c
c
X
D
O
A
B
B
C
C
C
C
Pounds (Kg)
10(4.54)
1OO(45.4)
1 (0.454)
1 0O (45.4)
100(45.4)
10(4.54)
1OO-(45.4)
1OO(45.4)
' 1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1000(454)
1000 (454)
1000(454)
1000(454)
1 (0.454)
5000 (2270)
5OOO (2270)
10(4.54)
1OO (45.4)
10O (45.4)
1 000 (454)
1OOO (454)
1000(454)
1OOO (454)
H-44
September 1992
-------
Appendix f
Hazardous Substance
Xylenol
Yohimban-16-carboxylic acid,
1 1 , 1 7-dimethoxy- 1 8-[(3,4,5-
trimethoxybenzoyOoxy]-, methyl
ester (Sbeta, 1 6 bet a, 1 7aipha,
18beta,20alpha)-
Zinott
ZINC AND COMPOUNDS
Zinc acetate
Zinc ammonium chloride
Zinc borate
Zinc bromide
Zinc carbonate
Zinc chloride
Zinc cyanide
Zinc cyanide Zn(CN)2
Zinc fluoride
Zinc formate
Zinc hydrosulfite
Zinc nitrate
Zinc phenolsulfonate
Zinc phosphide
Zinc phosphide Zn3P2, when
present at concentrations greater
than 10%
Zinc silicofluoride •
Zinc sulfate
Zirconium nitrate
Zirconium potassium fluoride
Zirconium sulfate
Zirconium tetrachloride
CASRN
1300716
50555
7440666
N/A
557346
52628258
14639975
14639986
1 332076
7699458
3486359
7646857
55721 1
557211
7783495
55741 5
7779864
7779886
127822
1314847
1314847
16871719
7733O20
1 3746899
1 6923958
14644612
10026116
Regulatory Synonyms
Reserpine
1
Zinc cyanide Zn(CN)2
Zinc cyanide
Zinc phosphide Zn3P2, when
present at concentrations greater
than 10%
Zinc phosphide
Statutory
RQ
10OO
1"
1"
1"
10OO
5000
50OO
50OO
100O
5OOO
100O
50OO
10
1O
1000
1OOO
1000
50OO
50OO
1000
100O
5OOO
1OOO
5OOO
5OOO
5000
5OOO
Codct
1
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1,4
1,4
1
1
1
1
1
1,4
1,4
1
1
1
1
1
1
RCRA
Waste «
U200
P121
P121
,
P122
P122
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
C
D
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
A
C
C
C
C
D >
B
B
D
C
D
C
D
D -
Pound* (Kg)
10OO (454)
50OO (2270)
1 0OO (454)
**
1OOO (454)
1000 (454)
10OO (464)
1000(454)
1OOO (454)
1000 (454)
1000 (454)
10OO (454)
TO (4.54)
10 (4.54)
10OO (454)
10OO(454)
10OO (454)
1000 (454)
5000 (2270)
10O (45.4),
100(45.4)
500O (2270)
10OO (454)
5OOO (2270)
1OOO (454)
500O (2270)
5OOO (2270)
September 1992
H-45
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
F001
Tho following spent halogenated
sotvonts used In decreasing; all
spent solvent mixtures/blends used
in dagreasing containing, before
use, a total of ten percent or more
(by volume) of one or more of the
above halogsnated solvents or
those solvents listed in FOO2,
FOO4, and FOO5; and still bottoms
from the recovery of these spent
solvents and spent solvent
mixtures.
(a) Tetrachloroethylene
(b) Trichloroethylene
(c) Mothytene chloride
(dj 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
(e) Carbon tetrachloride
(() Chlorinated fkjorocorbons
F002
The following spent halogenated
solvents; all spent solvent
mixtures/blonds containing, before
use, a total of ten percent or more
(by voiumo) of one or more of the
above halogenated solvents or
those solvents listed in
F002.F004, and F005; and still
bottoms from the recovery of
thane spent solvents and spent
solvent mixtures.
(a) Tetracholoroethytene
(b) Mothylene chloride
(c) Trichloroethylene
(d) 1,1,1-TricWoroethane
(o) Chlorobenzene
(f) 1,1,2-TrichIoro-1,2,2-
triffcioroethane
(g) o-Dischlorobanzene
(h) Trichlorofluoromethane
(i) 1,1,2-Trichtoroethane
F003
CASRN
-
127184
79016
75092
71556
,56235
N/A
127184
75092
79016
71556
1089O7
76131
96501
75694
79005
. Regulatory Synonyms
Statutory
RQ
1"
1"
10OO
1-
1*
50OO
1*
1»
T
10OO
1"
100
100
1"
1*
!•
Cod«t
4
2,4
1,2,4
2,4
2,4
1,2,4
2,4
4
2,4
1,2,4
2,4
1,2,4
1,2,4
4
2,4
4
RCRA
Waste*
FOO1
U21O
U228
U080
U226
U211
F002
U21O
UO80
U228
U226
UO37
UO7O
U121
U227
FOO3
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
B
B
C
C
A
D
A
B
C
B
C
B
D
B
D
B
B
Pound* (Kg)
TO (4.54)
100(45.4)
1OO (45.4)
1000(454)
1000(454)
10 (4.54)
50OO (2270)
10 (4.54)
1OO(45.4)
1000 (454)
100(45.4)
1OOO (454)
1OO(45.4)
50OO (2270)
100(45.4)
5000 (2270)
100(45.4)
100(45.4)
H-46
September 1992
-------
.Appendix /
Hazardous Substance
The following spent non-
halogenated solvents and the still
bottoms from the recovery of
these solvents: :
(a) Xylene
(b) Acetone
(c) Ethyl acetate
(d) Ethylbenzene
(e) Ethyl ether
(f) Methyl isobutyl ketone
(g) n-Butyl alcohol
(h) Cyclohexanone
(i) Methanol
F004
The following spent non-
halogenated solvents and the still
bottoms from the recovery of
these solvents:
(a) Cresols/Cresylic acid
(b) Nitrobenzene
FOO5
The following spent non-
halogenated solvents and the still
bottoms from the recovery of
these solvents:
(a) Toluene
(b) Methyl ethyl ketone
(c) Carbon disulfide
(d) Isobutanol
(e) Pyridine
FO06
CASRN
1 330207
67641
141786
10O414
60297
108101
71363
108941
67561
1319773
98953
108883
78933
75150
78831
110861
Regulatory Synonyms
Statutory
RQ
1*
1OOO
1000
1»
1OOO
1»
5OOO
1*
1*
1*
Cod«t
-
4
1,4
1 ,2,4
4
1,2,4
4
1,4
4
4
4
RCRA
WMte #
FOO4
UO52
U169
FOO5
U220
U159
PO22
U140
U196
FOO6
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
C
D
D
C
B
D
D
D
D
C
C
C
B
C
D
B
D
C
A
Pound* (Kg)
1000(454)
5000 (2270)
5000 (2270)
1OOO(454)
1OO (45.4)
5000 (2270)
50OO (2270)
5000 (2270)
5000 (2270)
1000(454)
1OOO (454)
1000 (454)
100 (45.4)
1OOO (454)
5OOO (2270)
1OO (45.4)
5OOO (2270)
1OOO (454)
10(4.54)
September 1992
H-47
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Wastowater treatment sludges
from electroplating operations
except from the following
processes: (1) sutfuric acid
anodizing of aluminum, (2) tin
plating on carbon steel, (3) zinc
plating (segregated basis) on
carbon steel, (4) aluminum or zinc-
akimlrvum plating on carbon steel,
(6) cleaning/stripping associated
with tin, zinc and aluminum plating
on carbon steel, and (6) chemical
etching and milling of aluminum.
F007
Spent cyanide plating bath
solutions from electroplating
operations.
F008
Plating bath residues from the
bottom of plating baths from
electroplating operations where
cyanides are used in the process.
F009
Spent stripping and cleaning bath
solutions from electroplating
operations where cyanides are
used in the process.
F010
Quenching bath residues from oil
baths from metal heat treating
operations where cyanides are
used In the process.
F011
Spent cyanide solution from salt
bath pot cleaning from metal heat
treating operations.
F012
Quenching wastewater treatment
sludges from metal heat treating
operations where cyanides are
used In the process.
F019
CASRN
,
Regulatory Synonyms
Statutory
RQ
1*
1*
1*
1*
1-
1*
1
Cod«t
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Wast* *
F007
F008
F009
F010
F011
F012
F019
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Pound* (Kg)
10 (4.54)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
H-48
September 1992
-------
Appendix/
Hazardous Substance
Wastewater treatment sludges
from the chemical conversion '
coating of aluminum except from
zirconium phosphating in aluminum
can washing when such
phosphating is an exclusive
conversion coating process.
F020
Wastes (except wastewater and
spent carbon from hydrogen
chloride purification) from the
production or manufacturing use
(as a reactant, chemical
intermediate, or component in a
formulating process) of tri-or-
tetrachlorophenol, or of
intermediates used to produce
their pesticide derivatives. (This
listing does not include wastes
from the production of
hexachlorophene from highly
purified 2,4,5-trichlorophenol.)
F021
Wastes (except wastewater and
spent carbon from hydrogen
chloride purification) from the
production or manufacturing use
(as a reactant, chemical
intermediate, or component in a
formulating process) of
pentachlorophenol, or of
intermediates used to produce its
derivatives.
F022 •
Wastes (except wastewater and
spent carbon from hydrogen
chloride purification) from the
manufacturing use (as a reactant,
chemical intermediate, or
component in a formulating
process) of tetra-, penta-, or
hexachlorobenzenes under alkaline
conditions.
F023
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
•
;
. ,.
Statutory
RQ
1"
.!•
1*
-
1*
Codet
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Wa«t*#
F02O
FO21
F022
F023
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
X
X
X
•
X
Pound* (Kg)
1 (O.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.464)
1 (O.454)
September 1992
H-49
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Wastes (except wostewater and
spent carbon from hydrogen
chloride purification} from the
production of materials on
equipment previously used for the
production or manufacturing use
(as a roactant, chemical
intermediate, or component in a •
formulating process) of tri- and
tolrachlcrcphenols. (This listing
does not include wastes from
equipment used only for the
production or use of
hoxochlorophano from highly
purified 2,4,6-tri-chlorophenol.)
F024
Wastes, including but not limited
to distillation residues, heavy ends.
tart, and reactor cleanout wastes.
from the production of chlorinated
aliphatic hydrocarbons, having
carbon content from one to five.
utilizing free radical catalyzed
processes. (This listing does not
include light ends, spent filters and
filter aids, spent dessicants(sic).
wastowetor, wastewater
treatment sludges, spent catalysts.
and wastes listed in Section
261.32.)
F025
Condensed light ends, spent fitters
and filter aids, and spent dessicant
wastes from the production of
certain chlorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbons, by free radical
catalyzed processes. These
chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons
are those having carbon chain
lonQths ranging from one to and
including five, with varying
amounts and positions of chlorine
substitution.
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
t
! ' t
Statutory
RQ
1*
1"
Cod«t
"
4
4
RCRA
WMt* #
F024
F025
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
X
X
Pound* (Kfl)
1 (0.454)
##1 (0.454)
H-50
September 1992
-------
Appendix (
Hazardous Substance
F026
Wastes (except wastewater and
spent carbon from hydrogen
chloride purification) from, the
production of materials on
equipment previously used for the
manufacturing use (as a reactant.
chemical intermediate, or
component in a formulating
process) of tetra-, penta-, or
hexachlorobenzene under alkaline
conditions.
F027
Discarded unused formulations
containing tri-, tetra-, or
pentachlorophenol or discarded
unused formulations containing
compounds derived from these
chlorophenols. (This listing does
not include formulations containing
hexachlorophene synthesized from
prepurif ied 2,4, 5-tri-chlorophenol
as the sole component.)
F028
Residues resulting from the
incineration or thermal treatment
of soil contaminated with EPA
Hazardous Waste Nos. FO20,
F021, F022, F023, F026, and
F027.
F032
Wastewaters, process residuals.
preservative drippage, and spent
formulations from wood preserving
processes generated at plants that
currently use or have previously
used chlorophenolic formulations
(except wastes from processes '
that have had the F032 waste
code deleted in accordance with
§261.35 and do not resume or
initiate use of chlorophenolic
formulations). This listing does
not include K001 bottom sediment
sludge from the treatment of
wastewater from wood preserving
processes that Use creosote and/or
pentachlorophenol.
F034 . ,
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
,
-,
, •
- ^
Statutory
RQ
1*
1«
1«
1»
i*
Cod«t
4
-
4
•
4
4
I
4
RCRA
Waste*
F026
FO27
F028
F032
'
FO34
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
X
X
X
X
X
Pound* (Kg)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
• • ; '
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
September 1992
H-51
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Wastowotors, process residuals,
preservative drippago, and spent
formulations from wood preserving
processes generated at plants that
use creosote formulations. This
listing does not include KOO1
bottom sediment sludge from the
treatment of wastewater from
wood preserving processes that
use creosote and/or
pontachlorophenol.
F03B
Wastowators, process residuals,
preservative drippago, and spent
formulations from wood preserving
processes generated at plants that
usa inorganic preservatives
containing arsenic or chromium.
This listing does not include KOO1
bottom sediment sludge from the •
treatment of wastewater from
wood preserving processes that
uee creosote and/or
ponotnchlorophonol.
F037
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
-
Statutory
RQ
1"
1*
Codot
- 4
4
RCRA
Wa«t«#
FO35
•
FO37
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
X
X
Pound. (Kg)
1 (O.454)
1 (0.454)
H-52
September 1992
-------
Appendix /
- -
Hazardous Substance
Petroleum refinery primary
oil/water/solids separation sludge--
Any sludge generated from the
gravitational separation of
oil/water/solids during the storage
or treatment of process
wastewaters and oily cooling
wastewaters from petroleum
refineries. Such sludges include.
but are not limited to, those
generated in: oil/water/solids
separators; tanks and
impoundments; ditches and other
conveyances; sumps; and
stormwater units receiving dry
weather flow. Sludge generated in
stormwater units that do not
receive dry weather flow, sludges
generated from non-contact once-
through cooling waters segregated •
for treatment from other process
or oily cooling waters, sludges
generated in aggressive biological
treatment units as defined in
§261,31(b)(2) (including sludges
generated in one or more
additional units after wastewaters
have been treated in aggressive
biological treatment units) and
K051 wastes are not included in
this listing.
F038
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
1
' , -
Statutory
RQ
. 1"
Codaf
'
4
RCRA
Wact**
FO38
Final RQ ,
Cate-
gory
X
Pound* (Kg)
i
'
1 (0.454)
September 1992
H-53
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Patroteum refinery secondary
(emulsified) oil/water/solids
separation sludge-Any sludge
and/or float generated from the
physical and/or chemical
separation of oil/wator/solids in
process waetewaters and oily
cooling waste waters from
potrolaum refineries. Such wastes
Inctudo, but are not limited to, all
sludges and floats generated in:
induced air flotation (IAF) units.
tanks and impoundments, and all
sludges generated in DAF units.
Sludges generated In stormwater
units that do not receive dry
weather flow, sludges generated
from once-through non-contact
cooling waters segregated for
treatment from other process or oil
cooling wastes, sludges and floats
generated in aggressive biological
treatment units as defined in
S261.31(b)(2) (including sludges
and floats generated in one or
more additional units after
wastowators have been treated in
aggressive biological treatment
units) and F037, KO48, and KOB1
wastes are not included in this
listing.
K001
Bottom sediment sludge from the
treatment of wastewaters from
wood preserving processes that
use creosote and/or
pentachlorophenol.
K002
Wastewater treatment sludge from
the production of chrome yellow
and organga pigments.
K003 >
Waslewator treatment sludge from
the production of molybdate
orange pigments.
K004
Wastewater treatment sludge from
the production of zinc yellow
pigments.
KOOS
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
y
*
Statutory
RQ
1«
1*
1*
1«
1»
Cod«t
"
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Wast**
^
K001
KOO2
KOOS
KOO4
KOOB
Final RQ
Cote-
gory
X
A
Pound* (Kg)
1 (0.454)
#
if
10 (4.54)
#
H-54
September 1992
-------
Appendix!
Hazardous Substance
Wastewater treatment sludge from
the production of chrome green
pigments..
KOO6
Wastewater treatment sludge from
the production of chrome oxide
green pigments (anhydrous and
hydrated).
KOO7
Wastewater treatment sludge from
the production or iron blue
pigments.
K008
Oven residue from the production
of chrome oxide green pigments. .
KOO9
Distillation bottoms from the
production of acetaldehyde from
ethyiene.
K010
Distillation side cuts from the
production of acetaldehyde from
ethyiene.
K011
Bottom stream from the
wastewater stripper inthe
production of acrylonitrile.
K013
Bottom stream from the
acetonitrile column in the
production of acrylonitrile.
K014
Bottoms from the acetonitrile
purification column in the
production of acrylonitrile.
K015
Still bottoms from the distillation
of benzyl chloride.
K016
CASRN
- ,
-
Regulatory Synonyms
x r
r
Statutory
RQ
1»
1*
1*
1"
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
T
Cod«t
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4'
RCRA
Wittt**
KOO6
KOO7
KOOS
KOO9
K01O
KO11
KO13
K014
K015
K016
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
A
V, ,
A
A
A
A
A
D
A
X
Pounds (Kg)
10 (4.54)
I,
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)'
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
1O (4.54)
1O (4.54)
5000 (2270)
10 (4.54)
1 (0.454)
September 1992
H-55
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Heavy ends or distillation residues
from tha production of carbon
totrachlorida.
K017
Heavy ends (still bottoms) from
the purification column in the
production of epl-chlorohydrin.
K018
Haavy ends from the fractionation
column in ethyl chloride
production.
K019
Heavy ends from the distillation of
ethylene dichloride in ethylene
dtehtorido production.
K020
Haavy ends from the distillation of
vinyl chloride in vinyl chloride
monomer production.
K021
Aqueous spent antimony catalyst
waste from fluoromethones
production.
K022
Distillation bottom tars from the
production of phenol/acetone from
cumono.
K023
Distillation light ends from the
production of phthalic anhydride
from naphthalene.
K024
Distillation bottoms from the
production of phthalic anhydride
from naphthalene.
K026
Distillation bottoms from the
production of nitrobenzene by the
nitration of benzene.
K026
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
•
<;
Statutory
RQ
1*
1*
1«
!•
!•
1"
1"
1»
1»
1"
Cod«t
4
4
-
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Waste*
K017
K018
K019
K020
K021
K022
K023
K024
K025
KO26
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
X
X
X
A
X
D
D
'
A
C
Pound* (Kg)
. 10(4.64)
1 (O.454)
1 (O.454)
1 (0.454)
-
10 (4.54)
1 (0.454)
5OOO (2270)
5000 (2270)
10(4.54)
10OO (454)
H-56
September 1992
-------
Appendix f
Hazardous Substance
Stripping still tails from the
production of methyl ethyl
pyridines.
K027
Centrifuge and distillation residues
from tolune diisocyanate
production.
K028
Spent catalyst from the
hydrochlorinator reactor in the
production of 1,1,1-
trichloroethane.
K029
Waste from the product steam
stripper in the production of 1,1,1-
trichloroethane.
K030
Column bottoms' or heavy ends
from the combined production of '
trichloroethylene and
perchloroethylene.
K031
By-product salts generated in the
production of MSMA and
cacodylic acid.
K032
Wastewater treatment sludge from
the production of chlordane.
K033
Wastewater and scrub water from
the chlorination of cyclopentadiene
in the production of chlordane.
K034
Filter solids from the filtration of
hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene in the
production of chlordane.
K035
Wastewater treatment sludges
generated in the production of
creosote.
K036
CASRN
A
Regulatory Synonyms
, ' ,
Statutory
RQ
1*
1"
1*
1*
1*
1*
, it
1*
1"
1*
Cod«t
4
4
-
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Wa«t« *
K027
K028
K029
K030
KO31
KO32
K033
K034
K035
K036
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
X
X
• >
X
X
A
A
A
X
X
Pound* (Kg)
10 (4,54)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
1 (O.454)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
1 (0.454)
-' •.
1 (0.454)
September 1992
H-57
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Stilt bottoms from toluene
reclamation distillation in the
production of disulfoton.
K037
Wastewater treatment sludges
from the production of disulfoton.
K038
Waetawator from the washing and
stripping of phorate production.
K039
Filtor cake from the filtration of
diethylphosphorodithioic acid in
the production of phorate.
K040
Waitowator treatment sludge from
the production of phorate.
K041
Wostawator treatment sludge from
the production of toxaphene.
K042
Heavy ends or distillation residues
from the distillation of
totrochlorobonzone in the
production of 2,4,5-T.
K043
2,6-Dichlorophonol waste from the
production of 2,4-D.
K044
Wastewater treatment sludges
from the manufacturing and
processing of explosives.
K04B
Spent carbon from the treatment
of wastewator containing
explosives.
K046
Wastewator treatment sludges
from the manufacturing,
formulation and loading of lead-
based initiating compounds.
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
Statutory
RQ
1"
1*
1*
1"
1*
1*
1*
1*
1*
!•
Co
-------
Appendix i
Hazardous Substance
K047
Pink/red water from TNT
operations.
K048
Dissolved air flotation (DAR float
from the petroleum refining
industry.
KO49
Slop oil emulsion solids from the
petroleum refining industry.
K050
Heat exchanger bundle cleaning
sludge from the petroleum refining
industry.
K051
API separator sludge from the
petroleum refining industry;
K052
Tank bottoms (leaded) from the
petroleum refining industry.
K060
Ammonia still lime sludge coking
operations.
K061
Emission control dust/sludge from
the primary production of steel in
electric f urnances.
K062
Spent pickle liquor generated by
steel finishing operations of
facilities within the iron and steel
industry (SIC Codes 331 and 332).
K064
Acid plant blowdown slurry/sludge
resulting from thickening of
blowdown slurry from primary
copper production.
K065
CASRN
••
•
Regulatory Synonyms
Statutory
RQ
1*
1»
T
1*
1'
1*
1*
'
1"
1*
1»
1*
Codet
4
4
4
-
4
4
4
4
. 4
4
4
4
RCRA
Wa*te*
KO47
K048
KO49
K050
K051
KO52
K060
K061
K062
KO64
K065
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
A
A
X
Pound* (Kg)
10 (4,54)
#
#
10 (4.54)
'#
10(4.54)
1 (0,454)
#
' #
##
##
September 1992
H-59
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Sufaco Impoundment solids
contained In and dredged from
surface impoundments at primary
toad smelting facilities.
K066
Sludge from treatment of process
wastowotor and/or acid plant
blowdown from primary zinc
production.
K069
Emission control dust/sludge from
secondary toad smelting.
K071
Brine purification muds from the
mercury coll process in chlorine
production, whore separately
propunfiod brine is not used.
K073
Chlorinated hydrocarbon waste
from the purification step of the
disphrogm cell process using
graphite anodes in chlorine
production.
K083
Dtstillatin bottoms from aniline
extraction.
K084
Wastewator treatment sludges
generated during the production of
veterinary Pharmaceuticals from
arsenic or organo-arsonic
compounds.
K086
DistiHotion or fractionation column
bottoms from the production of
chic-robe ozones.
K086
CASRN
•
Regulatory Synonyms
Statutory
RQ
1*
1"
T
1*
1*
1"
1-
1"
Cod«t
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Wa*t*#
K066
K069
K071
KO73
K083
K084
K085
K086
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
X
A
B
X
A
Pound* (Kg)
##
#
1 (0.454)
1O (4.54)
1OO (45.4)
-
1 (0.454)
10(4.54)
#
H-60
September 1992
-------
Appontfix f
Hazardous Substance
Solvent washes and sludges,
caustic washes and sludges, or
water washes and sludges from
cleaning tubs and equipment used
jn the formulation of ink from
pigments, driers, soaps, and
stabilizers containing chromium
and lead.
K087
Decanter tank tar sludge from
coking operations.
K088
Spent potliners from primary
aluminum reduction.
K090
Emission control dust or sludge
from ferrochromiumsilicon
production.
K091
Emission control dust or sludge
from ferrochromium production.
K093
Distillation light ends from the
production of phthalic anhydride
from ortho-xylene.
K094
Distillation bottoms from the
production of phthalic anhydride
from ortho-xylene.
K095
Distillation bottoms from the
production of 1,1,1 -
trichloroethane.
K096
Heavy ends from the heavy ends
column from the production of
1,1,1 -trichloroethane.
K097
Vacuum stripper discharge from
the chlordane chlorinator in the
production of chlordane.
K098
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
r .
' '
Statutory
RQ
1*
1"
1-
1
1*
ir
1"
1*
1»
1»
Codet
4
4
' 4
4
4
4
4
'4
4
4
RCRA
Waste #
KO87
KO88
K090
K091
KO93
KO94
K095
K096
K097
K098
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
B
D
f
D
B •
B
X
X
Pound* (Kg)
100(46.4)
. -
5OOO (2270)
5000 (2270)
1 0O (45.4)
1OO (45.4)
1 (O.454)
1 (0.454)
September 1992
H-61
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Untreated process wastewater
from the production of toxaphene.
K099
Untreated wastewater from the
production of 2,4-D.
K100
Waeta leaching solution from acid
teaching of emission control
dust/sludge from secondary lead
smelting.
K101
Distillation tar residues from the
distillation of aniline-based
compounds in tho production of
veterinary Pharmaceuticals from
arsenic or organo-arsonic
compounds.
K102
Residue from the use of activated
carbon for docolorization in the
production of veterinary
Pharmaceuticals from arsenic or
organo-arsenic compounds.
K103
Process residues from aniline
extraction from the production of
aniline.
K104
Combined wastewater streams
generated from
nitrobenzene/aniline production.
K106
Separated aqueous stsream from
tho reactor product washing step
!n tho production of
chlorobonzonos.
K106
Wastewater treatment sludge from
tho mercury cell process in
chlorine production.
K107
CASRN
*
•
Regulatory Synonyms
"
t
Statutory
RQ
1"
1"
1*
1*
T
1"
, 1*
1*
10
Cod«t
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Waste #
K099
K10O
K1O1
K1O2
K103
•
K104
K1O5
K106
K107
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
X
X
B
A
A
X
X
Pound* (Kg)
10 (4.54)
#
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
100(46.4)
-
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
1 (0.454)
10 (4.54)
H-62
September 1992
-------
Appendix I
Hazardous Substance
Column bottoms from product
separation from the production of
1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH)
from carboxylic acid hydrazines.
K108
Condensed column overheads from
product separation and condensed
reactor vent gases from the .
production of 1,1-
dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) from
carboxylic acid hydrazides.
K109
Spent filter cartridges from product
purification from the production of
1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH)
from carboxylic acid hydrazides.
K110
Condensed column overheads from
intermediate separation from the
production of 1,1-
dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) from
carboxylic acid hydrazides.
K111
Product washwaters from the
production of dinitrotoluene via
nitration of toluene.
K112
Reaction by-product water from
the drying column in the
production of toluenediamine via
hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene.
K113
Condensed liquid light ends from
the purification of toluenediamine
in the production of
toluenediamine via hydrogenation
of dinitrotoluene.
K114
Vicinals from the purification of
toluenediamine in the production
of toluenediamine via
hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene.
K115
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
5
',
\
-
Statutory
RQ
10
10
10
1*
1*
1'
1*
1*
Coctot
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Wa«t«#
K108
K109
K110
K111
K112
K113
K114
K115
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
X
X
X
A
A
A
A
A
Pound* (Kg)
1O (4.54)
10 (4.64)
10 (4.54)
*
1O (4.54)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
10(4.54)
10 (4.54)
September 1992
H-63
-------
Appwidtx I
Hazardous Substance
Heavy ends from the purification
of tokionadiamine in tho
production of toluonodiamine via
hydrogs nation of dinftrotoluene.
K116
Organic condonsate from the
solvent racovory column in the
production of toluene diisocyanate
via phosgenatton of
toluonodiamine.
K117
Wastowator from the reaction vent
gae scrubber in the production of
othylono bromide via bromination
of othona.
K118
Spent absorbent solids from
purification of ethylene dibromide
in tha production of ethylene
dibcomido.
K123
Process wastowotor (including
supernatos, filtrates, and
washwaters) from the production
of ethylene-bisdithiocarbamic acid
and its salts.
K124
Reactor vent scrubber water from
tha production of
ethylanobisdithlocarbomic acid and
its salts.
K12B
Filtration, evaporation, and
canutfugatton solids from tho
production of
othylonebisdithiocarbamic acid and
its salts.
K126
Baghouse dust and floor
sweepings in milling and packaging
operations from the production or
formulation of
ethytenebisdithiocarbamic acid and
its salts.
K131
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
-
Statutory
RQ
1"
1«
1*
1*
1*
1*
1"
100
Cod*t
4
" 4
4
4
4
4
4
4
RCRA
Wa*te*
K116
K117
K118
K123
K124
K12B
K126
K131
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
A
X
X
A
A
A
A
X
Pound. (Kg)
10(4.54)
1 (0.454)
1 (0.454)
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
•
10 (4.54)
10(4.54)
100(45.4)
H-64
September 1992
-------
Appendix 1
Hazardous Substance
Wastewater from the reactor and
spent sulfuric acid from the acid
dryer in the production of methyl
bromide.
K132
Spent absorbent and wastewater
solids from the production of
methyl bromide.
K136
Still bottoms from the purification
, of ethylene dibromide in the
production of ethylene dibromide
via bromination of ethene.
CASRN
Regulatory Synonyms
Statutory
RQ
10OO
1*
Cocht
4
4
RCRA
Waste*
K132
K136
Final RQ
Cate-
gory
.
X
X
Pound* (Kg)
1000(454)
1 (O.454)
tlndicates the statutory source as defined by 1,2,3, and 4 below.
ft No reporting of releases of this hazardous substance is required if the diameter of the pieces of the solid metal released is equal to or
exceeds 1OO micrometers (O.OO4 inches). . '
tTtThe RQ for asbestos is limited to friable forms only. .
1-Indicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is CWA Section 311(b)(4).
2-lndicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is CWA Section 307(a).
3-lndicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is CAA Section 112.
4~lndicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is RCRA Section 3001.
1 "-Indicates that the 1-pound RQ is a CERCLA statutory RQ.
^Indicates that the RQ is subject to change when the assessment of potential carcinogenicity is completed.
##The Agency may adjust the statutory RQ for this hazardous substance in a future rulemaking; until then the statutory RQ applies.
5—The adjusted RQs for radionuclides may be found in Appendix B to this table. , •
* '-Indicates that no RQ is being assigned to- the generic or broad class.
September 1992
H-65
-------
-------
Appendix t
APPENDIX 1
SECTION 313 WATER PRIORITY CHEMICALS
-------
-------
Appendix i
SECTION 3 1 3 WATER PRIORITY CHEMICALS
CAS Number -
75-07-0
75865
107-02-8
107-13-1
309-00-2
107-05-1
7429-90-5
7664-41-7
62-53-3
120-12-7
7440-36-0
7647189
28300745
7789619
10025919
7783564
1309644
7440-38-2
1303328
1303282
7784341
1327533
1303339 •
1332-21-4
542621
71-43-2
92-87-5
100470
98-88-4
Common Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetane cynohydrin
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Aldrin[1,4:5,8-Dimethanonaphthalerie, 1, 2,3,4, 10,10-hexachloro-
1 ,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-(1 . alpha. ,4.alpha.,4a. beta. ,5.alpha.,8.alpha.,
Sa.beta.H
Allyl Chloride
Aluminum (fume or dust)
Ammonia
Aniline
Anthracene
Antimony ,
Antimony pentachloride
Antimony potassium tartrate
Antimony tribromide
Antimony trichloride
Antimony trifluoride
Antimony trioxide
Arsenic
Arsenic disulfide
Arsenic pentoxide
Arsenic trichloride
Arsenic trioxide
Arsenic trisulfide
Asbestos (friable)
Barium cyanide
Benzene
Benzidine
Benzonitrile
Benzoyl chloride
September 1992
1-1
-------
Appendix I
CAS Number -
100-44-7
7440-41-7
7787475
7787497
7787555
111-44-4
75-25-2
74-83-9
85-68-7
7440-43-9
543908
7789426
10108642
7778441
527401 66
13765190
592018
133-06-2
63-25-2
75-15-0
56-23-5
57-74-9
7782-50-5
59-50-7
108-90-7
75-00-3
67-66-3
74-87-3
95-57-8
SECTION 313 WATER PRIORITY CHEMICALS
x ' , ' Common Name, ,
Benzyl chloride
Beryllium
Beryllium chloride
Beryllium fluoride
Beryllium nitrate
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bromoform
Bromomethane (Methyl bromide)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Cadmium
Cadmium acetate
Cadmium bromide
Cadmium chloride
Calcium arsenate
Calcium arsenite
Calcium chromate
Calcium cyanide
Captan [1H-lsoindole-1,3(2H)-dione,3a,4,7/7a-tetrahydro-2-
[(trichloromethyl)thio]-] . . ,
Carbaryl [1-Naphthalenol, methylcarbamate]
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlordane [4,7-Methanoindan,1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-
hexahydro-1
Chlorine
Chloro-4-methyl-3-phenol p-Chloro-/n-cresol
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane (Ethyl chloride)
Chloroform
Chloromethane (Methyl chloride)
2-Chlorophenol
9-2
September 1992
-------
Appendix /
f
CAS Number -
106-48-9
1066304
1111 5745
10101538
7440-47-3
1308-14-1
10049055
7789437
544183
14017415
7440-50-8
108-39-4
9548-7
106-44-5
1319-77-3
142712
12002038
7447394
3251238
5893663
7758987
10380297
815827
57-12-5
506774
1 1 0-82-7
94-75-7
106-93-4
84-74-2
25321-22-6
SECTION 313 WATER PRIORITY CHEMICALS
Common Name - , .•
4-Chlorophenol
Chromic acetate
Chromic acid
Chromic sulfate
Chromium
Chromium (Tri) , ' -
Chromous chloride
Cobaltous bromide
Cobaltous formate
Cobaltous sulfamate
Copper
/n-Cresol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol
Cresol (mixed isomers)
Cupric acetate
Cupric acetoarsenite
Cupric chloride
Cupric nitrate
Cupric oxalate
Cupric suifate
Cupric sulfate, ammoniated
Cupric tartrate
Cyanide
Cyanogen chloride
Cyclohexane
2,4-D [Acetic acid, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-l
1 ,2-Dibromoethane (Ethylene dibromide)
Dibutyl phthalate
Dichlorobenzene (mixed isomers)
September 1992
1-3
-------
Appendix I
SECTION 3*3 WATER PRIORITY CHEMICALS „ ,
CAS Number -
95-50-1
541-73-1
106-46-7
91-94-1
75-27-4
107-06-2
540-59-0
120-83-2
78-87-5
542-75-6
62-73-7
115-32-2
177-81-7
84-66-2
105-67-9
131-11-3
534-52-1
51-28-5
121-14-2
606-20-2
117-84-0
122-66-7
106-89-8
100-41-4
106934
50-00-0
76-44-8
118-74-1
87-68-3
- Common Name " ' ""
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
Dichlorobromomethane
1 ,2-Dichloroethane (Ethylene dichloride)
1 ,2-DichloroethyIene
2,4-Dichlorophenol
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
1 ,3-Dichloropropylene
Dichlorvos [Phosphoric acid, 2,2-dichloroethenyl dimethyl ester]
Dicofol [Benzenemethanol, 4-chIoro-.alpha.-(4-chlorophenyl)-.alpha.-
(trichloromethyl)-]
Di-(2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)
Diethyl phthalate
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl phthalate
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-DinitrotoIuene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
/7-DioctyI phthalate
1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine (Hydrazobenzene)
Epichlorohydrin
Ethylbenzene
Ethylene dibromide
Formaldehyde
Heptachlor [1,4,5,6,7,8,8-Heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-
methano-1 H-indene]
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachloro-1 ,3-butadiene
1-4
September 1992
-------
Appendix I
/<
CAS Number *
77-47-4
67-72-1
7647-01-0
74-90-8
7664-39-3
7439-92-1
301042
7784409
7645252
10102484
7758954
13814965
7783462
10101630
10099748 ,
7428480
1072351
52652592
7446142
1314870
592870
58-89-9
14307358
108-31-6
592041
10045940
7783359
592858
7782867
7439-97-6
, SECTION 31 3 WATER PRIORITY CHEMICALS
Common Name
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Lead
Lead acetate .
Lead arsenate
* * . • ' ' •'•'
It M
Lead chloride
Lead fluoborate
Lead fluoride
Lead iodide
Lead nitrate
Lead stearate
1* H •
H It
Lead sulfate
Lead sulfide
Lead thiocyanate
Lindane [Cyclohexane, 1 ,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro- (1.alpha.,3.beta.,
4.alpha.,5.a!pha./6.beta.H
Lithium chroma,te ,
Maleic anhydride
Mercuric cyanide
Mercuric nitrate
Mercuric sulfate
Mercuric thiocyanate
Mercurous nitrate
Mercury
September 1992
I-5
-------
Appendix I
CAS Number -
72-43-5
80-62-6
91-20-3
7440-02-0
15699180
37211055
7718549
12054487
14216752
7786814
7697-37-2
98-95-3
88-75-5
100-02-7
62-75-9
86-30-6
621-64-7
56-38-2
87-86-5
108-95-2
75-44-5
7664-38-2
7723-14-0
1336-36-3
7784410
10124502
7778509
7789006
151508
75-56-9
SECTION 313 WATER PRIORITY CHEMICALS
Common Name , , ,„ ,„;,
Methoxychlor [Benzene, 1,1'-{2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis[4- methoxy-]
Methyl methacrylate
Naphthalene
Nickel
Nickel ammonium sulfate
Nickel chloride
n N
Nickel hydroxide
Nickel nitrate
Nickel sulfate
Nitric acid
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
/V-Nitrosodimethylamine
/V-Nitrosodiphenylamine
/V-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
Parathion [Phosphorothioic acid, 0,0-diethyl-0-(4-nitrophenyl) ester]
Pentachlorophenol (PCP)
Phenol
Phosgene
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorus (yellow or white)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Potassium arsenate
t
Potassium arsenite
Potassium bichromate
Potassium chromate
Potassium cyanide
Propylene oxide
I-6
September 1992
-------
Appendix f
SECTION 3 13 WATER PRIORITY CHEMICALS
CAS Number -
91-22-5
7782-49-2
7446084
7440-22-4
7761888
7631892
7784465
10588019
7775113
143339
10102188
7782823
7789062
100-42-5
7664-93-9
79-34-5
127-18-4
935-95-5
78002
7440-28-0
10031591
108-88-3
8001-35-2
52-68-6
1 20-82-1
71-55-6
79-00-5
79-01-6
95-95-4
88-06-2
\ * ' Common Name
Quinoline
Selenium
Selenium oxide
Silver
Silver nitrate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium bichromate
Sodium chromate
Sodium cyanide
Sodium selenite
H 1*
Strontium chromate • .
Styrene
Sulfuric acid
1 ,1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)
2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol
Tetraethyl lead
Thallium • ~
Thallium sulfate
Toluene
Toxaphene
Trichlorfon [Phosphonic acid, (2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-
dimethylester]
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1 ,1-Trichloroethane (Methyl chloroform)
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol .
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol .
September 1992
I-7
-------
Appendix I
SECTION 313 WATER PRIORITY CHEMICALS ,
CAS Number -
7440-62-2
108-05-4
75-01-4
75-35-4
108-38-3
95-47-6
106-42-3
1330-20-7
7440-66-6
557346
14639975
14639986
52628258
1332076
7699458 •
3486359
7646857
55721 1
7783495
557415
7779864
7779886
127822
1314847
16871719
7733020
> -. ' f s i v 2> ^ Tf */£ , f A v. / -. j * '
Common Name . ,
Vanadium (fume or dust)
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl chloride
Vinylidene chloride
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Zinc (fume or dust)
Zinc acetate
Zinc ammonium chloride
N If M
W H It
Zinc borate
Zinc bromide
Zinc carbonate
Zinc chloride
Zinc cyanide
Zinc fluoride
Zinc formate
Zinc hydrosulfite
Zinc nitrate .
Zinc phenolsulfonate
Zinc phosphide
Zinc silicofluoride
Zinc sulfate
1-8
September 1992
-------
Appendix J
APPENDIX J
TABLE OF MONITORING REQUIREMENTS IN ERA'S GENERAL PERMIT
-------
-------
Appendix J
EPA FINAL GENERAL PERMIT MONITORING REQUIREMENTS1
Type of Facility
EPCRA, Section
313 Facilities
Subject to
Reporting
Requirements
for Water
Priority .
Chemicals
Primary Metal
Industries
(SIC 33)
Land Disposal
Units/
Incinerators/
BIFs
Type of
Storm Water Discharge
Storm water discharges that
come into contact with any
equipment, tank, container, or
other vessel or area used for
storage of a Section 313 water
priority chemical, or located at a
truck or rail car loading or
unloading area where a Section
313 water priority chemical is
handled
All storm water discharges
associated with industrial
activity
Storm water discharges from
active or inactive land disposal
units without a stabilized cover
that have received any waste
from industrial facilities other
than construction sites; and
storm water discharges from
incinerators and BIFs that burn
hazardous waste
Parameters
Oil and Grease, BODS,
COD, TSS, Total Kjeldahi
Nitrogen, Total
Phosphorus, pH, acute
whole effluent toxicity2,
any Section 313 water
priority chemical for which
the facility reports
'
Oil and Grease, COD,
TSS, pH, acute whole
effluent toxjcity2, Total
Recoverable Lead, Total
Recoverable Cadmium,
Total Recoverable Copper,
Total Recoverable Arsenic,
Total Recoverable
Chromium, and any
pollutant limited in an
effluent guideline to which
the facility is subject
Total Recoverable
Magnesium, Magnesium
(dissolved). Total Kjeldahi
Nitrogen, COD, TDS, TOC,
Oil and Grease, pH, Total
Recoverable Arsenic, Total
Recoverable Barium, Total
Recoverable Cadmium,
Total Recoverable
Chromium, Total Cyanide,
Total Recoverable Lead,
Total Mercury, Total
Recoverable Selenium,
Total Recoverable Silver,
acute whole effluent
toxicity2 •
ttonftaring
ftmqiMticy
Semi-
annual
Semi-
annual
Semi-
annual
R« porting
Fraqutncy
Annual
Annual
Annual
,
September 1992
J-1
-------
Appendix J
EPA FINAL GENERAL PERMIT MONITORING REQUIREMENTS1
Type of Facility
Wood
Treatment
Facilities
Industrial
Facilities with
Coal Piles
Battery
Reclaimers
Airports
(with over
50,OOO flight
operations per
year)
Coal-fired
Steam Electric
Facilities
Type of -
Storm Water Discharge:
Storm water discharges from
areas that are used for wood
treatment, wood surface
application or storage of treated
or surface protected wood
Facilities that use chlorophenolic
formulations
Facilities that use creosote
formulations
Facilities that use chromium-
arsenic formulations
Storm water discharges from
coal pile runoff
Storm water discharges from
areas for storage of lead acid
batteries, reclamation products.
or waste products, and areas
used for lead acid battery
reclamation
Storm water discharges from
aircraft or airport deicing areas
Storm water discharges from
coal handling sites (other than
runoff from coal piles which is
not eligible for coverage under
this permit)
N ,1^1,'
Parameters .;
Oil and Grease, pH, COD,
TSS
Plus Pentachlorophenol
and acute whole effluent
toxicity2
Plus acute whole effluent-
toxicity2
Plus Total Recoverable
Arsenic, Total Recoverable
Chromium, Total
Recoverable Copper
Oil and Grease, pH, TSS,
Total Recoverable Copper,
Total Recoverable Nickel,
Total Recoverable Zinc
Oil and Grease, COD,
TSS, pH, Total
Recoverable Copper, Total
Recoverable Lead
Oil and Grease, BOD5,
COD, TSS, pH, and the
primary ingredient used in
the deicing materials ,
Oil and Grease, pH, TSS,
Total Recoverable Copper,
Total Recoverable Nickel,
Total Recoverable Zinc
Monitoring
FraquMtey
Semi-
annual
Semi-
annual
Semi-
annual
Annual
Annual
Reporting
F»qu*ncy
Annual
'•
Annual
Annual
Retain
onsite
i
Retain
onsite
J-2
September 1992
-------
AppendixJ
EPA FINAL GENERAL PERMIT MONITORING REQUIREMENTS1
Type of Facility
Animal
Handling/
Meat Packing
Facilities
Chemical and
Allied Product
Manufacturers/
Rubber
Manufacturers
(SIC 28 and 30)
Automobile
Junkyards
. %
Lime
Manufacturing
Facilities
Oil-fired Steam
Electric Power
Generating
Facilities
Cement
Manufacturing
Facilities and
Cement Kilns
Type of
- Storm Water Discharge:
Storm water discharges from
animal handling areas, manure
management areas, production
waste management areas
exposed to precipitation at meat
packing plants, poultry packing
plants, facilities that
manufacture animal and marine
fats and oils
Storm water discharges that
come into contact with solid
chemical storage piles
Storm water discharges exposed
to:
(a) over 250 auto/truck bodies
with drivelines, 250 drivelines,
or any combination thereof
(b) over 500 auto/truck units
(c) over 100 units dismantled
per year where automotive fluids
are drained or stored
Storm water discharges that
have come into contact with
lime storage piles
Storm water discharges from oil
handling sites
All storm water discharges
associated with industrial
activity (except those from
material storage piles that are
not eligible for coverage under
this permit)
Parameters
8OD5, Oil and Grease,
COD, TSS, Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen (TKN), Total
Phosphorus, pH, Fecal
Coliform
Oil and Grease, COD,
TSS, pH, any pollutant
limited in an effluent
guideline to which the
facility is subject
Oil and Grease, COD,
TSS, pH, any pollutant
limited in an effluent
guideline to which the
facility is subject
Oil and Grease, COD,
TSS, pH, any pollutant
limited in an effluent
guideline to which the
facility is subject
Oil and Grease; COD,
TSS, pH, any pollutant
limited in an effluent
guideline to which the
facility is subject
Oil and Grease, COD,
TSS, pH, any pollutant
limited in an effluent
guideline to which the
facility is subject
Monitoring
Frequency
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Annual
Reporting
Fraquoficy
Retain
onsite
Retain
onsite
Retain
onsite
Retain
onsite
Retain
onsite
Retain
onsite
September 1992
J-3
-------
Appendix J
EPA FINAL GENERAL PERMIT MONITORING REQUIREMENTS1
Type of Facility
Ready-mix
Concrete
Facilities
Ship Building
and Repairing
Facilities
- Type of
Storm Water Discharge:
All storm water discharges
associated with industrial
activity
All storm water discharges
associated with industrial
activity
, , , Parameters ,H
Oil and Grease, COD,
TSS, pH, any pollutant
limited in an effluent
guideline to which the
facility is subject
Oil and Grease, COD,
TSS, pH, any pollutant
limited in an effluent
guideline to which the
facility is subject
Monitoring
Frequency
Annual
Annual
Reporting
Frequency
Retain
onsite
Retain
onsite
'A discharger is not subject to the monitoring requirements provided the discharger makes a
certification for a given outfall, on an annual basis, under penalty of law, that material handling
equipment or activities, raw materials, intermediate products, final products, waste materials, by-
products, industrial machinery or operations, significant materials from past industrial activities, or, in
the case of airports, deicing activities, that are located, in areas of the facility that are within the
drainage area of the outfall are not presently exposed to storm water and will not be exposed to storm
water for the certification period.
2A discharger may, in lieu of monitoring for acute whole effluent toxicity, monitor for pollutants
identified in Tables II and III of Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 122 that the discharger knows or has
reason to believe are present at the facility site. Such determinations are to be based on reasonable
best efforts to identify significant quantities of materials or chemical present at the facility.
J-4
September 1992
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