&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office Of Water
(4203)
EPA 833-B-9-1-CC:
June 1994
THC Continuous Emission
Monitoring Guidance For Part 503
Sewage Sludge Incinerators
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
JUN 30 1994
OFFICE OF
WATER
MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT: THC Continuous Emission Monitoring Guidance for Part
503, Sewag^ Sludge incinerators
FROM: Cyntlvv^ 'DoucJRe'rty, Dire*5£"o~:r
Permi*s Division (Mail Gfcde 41203)
TO: Recipients of subject guidance
Attached is the Environmental Protection Agency's guidance
document for monitoring of total hydrocarbons (THCs) at sewage
sludge incinerators. This document was finalized in response to
comments received from Federal, State and local government
agencies.
EPA's Standards for the Use of Disposal of Sewage Sludge
were promulgated February 19, 1993, at 40 CFR Part 503.
Subpart E of that regulation requires, in §503.45:
(a)(1) An instrument that measures and records the total hydrocarbons
concentration in the sewage sludge incinerator stack exit gas
continuously shall be installed, calibrated, operated, and
maintained for each sewage sludge incinerator, as specified by
the permitting authority.
(a)(2) The total hydrocarbons instrument shall employ a flame ionization
detector; shall have a heated sampling line maintained at a
temperature of 150 degrees Celsius or higher at all times; and
shall be calibrated at least once every 24-hour operating period
using propane.
(b) An instrument that measures and records the oxygen concentration
in the sewage sludge incinerator stack exit gas continuously
shall be installed, calibrated, operated, and maintained for each
sewage sludge incinerator, as specified by the permitting
authority.
(c) An instrument that measures and records information used to
determine the moisture content in the sewage sludge incinerator
stack exit gas continuously shall be installed, calibrated,
operated, and maintained for each sewage sludge incinerator, as
specified by the permitting authority.
The attached document contains recommendations for
compliance with these requirements. It addresses installation,
calibration, operation, and maintenance procedures for sewage
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sludge incinerators in the following areas: (1) THC continuous
emissions monitoring (GEM); (2) oxygen CEM; (3) moisture OEM;
(4) quality assurance; and (5) recordkeeping and reporting. The
attached final document will provide guidance for both the
interim and long-term sludge permitting programs.
This document was finalized in response to comments received
from Federal, State and local government agencies. If you have
any questions please contact me at (202) 260-9545 or Cristina
Gaines, the project manager, at (202) 260-6284.
Attachment
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. GENERAL CEM REQUIREMENTS 2
A. Compliance Demonstration 2
1. Data Capture 3
2. Certification 6
B. Indication of Incinerator Operations 7
III. CEM SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS 7
A. Applicability 7
B. Definitions 8
1. Continuous Emission Monitoring (CEM) System ... 8
2. Span or Span Value 9
3. Calibration ..... 9
4. Calibration Drift (CD) 9
5. Calibration Error (Cal Error) 9
6. Response Time 9
7. Accuracy 9
8. FID fuel 9
9. Performance Specification Test (PST) Period ... 9
C. Instrument Design Specifications 10
D. Installation Specifications 11
E. Span Settings 11
F. Performance Specifications 12
1. Calibration Gases 12
2. THC CEM Performance Specifications 13
3. Oxygen CEM Performance Specifications 14
G. Testing Requirements 14
1. Calibration Drift Testing 15
2. Calibration Error Testing 15
3. Response Time Testing 16
4. Retesting 16
H. Certification 17
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TABLE OF CONTENTS fCont.l
I. Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) Maintenance
Requirements 17
1. Daily CD Checks 17
2. Cal Error Checks 19
J. Recordkeeping Requirements 19
K. Reporting 20
IV. POLLUTION PREVENTION IDEAS FOR CEMS 22
Attachment A FR Notice of Part 503 Subpart E A-l
Attachment B FR Notice of Part 503 Amendment B-l
Attachment C 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix B,
Sections 6, 2, and 3 C-l
Attachment D 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix F, Sections 3 and 4 D-l
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TABLES
Page
Table 1 Calibration Drift Determination Results 23
Table 2 Calibration Error Determination Results 24
Table 3 Data Records for THC CEM 25
Table 4 Monthly THC CEM Report 26
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THC CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING GUIDANCE
FOR
PART 503
SEWAGE SLUDGE INCINERATORS
I. INTRODUCTION
On February 19, 1993, the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) published a regulation, at 40 CFR
Part 503, governing the use or disposal of sewage sludge
(58 FR 9248). Included in the regulation (which is Attachment A
of this document) are requirements that apply to the incineration
of sewage sludge. This document is for use by regulatory
agencies and by incinerator owners and operators subject to
Part 503 incineration requirements, for guidance on compliance
with the total hydrocarbon (THC) continuous emissions monitoring
(CEM) requirements. The methodologies presented in this guidance
document are recommended as minimum requirements and standards to
be followed by all permitting authorities and sewage sludge
incinerator operators, based on the national requirements. As
always, the permitting authority has the option of establishing
more stringent CEM requirements in the incinerator's permit, on a
case by case basis, in order to protect human health and the
environment.
Subpart E, the incineration portion of Part 503, establishes,
among other things, an operational standard for total hydrocarbon
(THC) emissions from sewage sludge incinerators. The regulation
requires that:
• an instrument that continuously measures and records the
THC concentration in the sewage sludge incinerator stack
exit gas shall be installed, calibrated, operated, and
maintained for each sewage sludge incinerator, as specified
by the permitting authority. [40 CFR §503.45(a)(1)]
• the THC instrument shall employ a flame ionization
detector; shall have a heated sampling line maintained at a
temperature of 150 degrees Celsius or higher at all times;
and shall be calibrated at least once every 24-hour
operating period using propane. [40 CFR §503.45(a)(2)]
• an instrument that continuously measures and records the
oxygen concentration in the sewage sludge incinerator stack
exit gas shall be installed, calibrated, operated, and
maintained for each sewage sludge incinerator, as specified
by the permitting authority. [40 CFR §503.45(b)]
• an instrument that continuously measures and records
information used to determine the moisture content in the
sewage sludge incinerator stack exit gas shall be
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installed, calibrated, operated, and maintained for each
sewage sludge incinerator, as specified by the permitting
authority. [40 CFR §503.45(c)].
It is important to note that the regulation defines continuous
monitoring as obtaining at least two THC measurements per hour.
The operation of continuous emission monitors (CEM) as a tool
to determine compliance with a regulatory requirement is not new.
Numerous air quality regulations and permit requirements that
have been established by EPA and State agencies have included
requirements for CEM systems. EPA's Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) program has also made use of CEM technology
to enforce emission standards for incinerators and other
combustion units that burn hazardous wastes. As a result of the
extensive use of CEM systems, EPA and State air quality agencies
have established a variety of programs to implement their CEM
requirements.
Unlike most regulations that establish requirements for CEM
systems, Part 503 does not include detailed instructions on how
these requirements are to be implemented. Rather, Part 503
provides that many of the implementation details are to be
specified by the Part 503 permitting authorities. Recognizing
the large measure of flexibility granted to permitting
authorities, EPA is seeking to ensure as much consistency as
possible with other EPA programs' existing THC CEM policies,
procedures, and requirements. In preparing this guidance
document, EPA hopes to ensure more consistent and efficient
application of CEM requirements.
On February 25, 1994, EPA published amendments to Part 503 (59
FR 9095). These amendments, which are included as Attachment B
of this document, contain an alternative to the THC CEM
requirements. Incinerators with a monthly average concentration
of carbon monoxide (CO) that does not exceed 100 parts per
million on a volume basis (ppmj , after correction to zero
percent moisture and to seven percent oxygen, can continuously
monitor CO as an alternative to monitoring THC. This document
does not address CO CEM and all references to CEM in this
document are to THC CEM.
II. GENERAL CEM REQUIREMENTS
A. Compliance Demonstration
The primary purpose of a CEM system under Part 503 is to
document compliance with a THC operational standard. The
sewage sludge regulation in 40 CFR §503.44(c) establishes a
monthly average concentration of THC in the exit gas from a
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sewage sludge incinerator of 100 parts per million, by volume
(ppmj , corrected to zero percent moisture and to seven
percent oxygen. Compliance with the THC operational standard
is determined by multiplying the measured THC concentration by
moisture and oxygen correction factors. The moisture and
oxygen correction factors are calculated as follows:
Correction factor (moisture) = 1/(1-X); and
Correction factor (oxygen) = 14/(21-Y)
Where: X « percent moisture content expressed as a
fraction in the sewage sludge incinerator exhaust
gas (in hundredths); and
Y = percent oxygen concentration in the sewage
sludge incinerator exhaust gas (by dry volume).
This corrected THC concentration is never to exceed the THC
operational standard of 100 ppm,, as propane, as a monthly
average.
40 CFR S503.41(h) defines "monthly average" as "the
arithmetic mean of the hourly averages for the hours a sewage
sludge incinerator operates during the month." Further, 40
CFR §503.41(f) defines "hourly average" as "the arithmetic
mean of all measurements, taken during an hour." Continuous
is defined as at least two measurements per hour. All CEM
hourly averages generated during hours when a sewage sludge
incinerator is not operating or is not fired with sewage
sludge are not to be included in the calculation of a monthly
average. Data recorded during periods of CEM system
breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks, and any adjustments
to the CEM systems are not be included in the computation of
hourly averages but must be documented and explained in a log.
All data points recorded during each one-hour operational
period must be used to calculate an hourly average.
1. Data Capture
The data capture rate identifies the percentage of time
that the hourly corrected THC averages were collected
during the hours that sewage sludge was incinerated. For
example, if the incinerator burned sewage sludge 24 hours
per day for 15 days per month but it only collected
corrected THC data for 8 hours each day of the 15 days,
then its data capture would be 33%.
l|dSZ2
15 days
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If it collected corrected THC data for 24 hours every day
of the 15 days of operation that month except for 3 days
when the oxygen unit failed, the data capture would be 80%.
24hrx12daZ£
24Ar ISdays
Existing air permits often contain data capture rates
for CEMs based on extended time periods (e.g., 90 percent
based on quarterly reporting periods). Part 503, however,
requires determination of average THC on a monthly basis.
EPA also considers the performance specification test
period (time during which calibration drift, calibration
error, and response time tests are conducted) as part of
the down time for determination of the data capture rate.
The CEM system required by Part 503 (i.e., a THC monitor
and oxygen and moisture analyzers to standardize the
measured THC to zero moisture content and 7 percent oxygen)
is similar to those required in air or hazardous waste
regulatory programs. Such systems have been able to
demonstrate a data capture rate of 100 percent, based on
four measurements per minute.
For Part 503 THC CEMs, EPA recommends a data capture
rate of 100 percent, based on two measurements per hour.
Operational history for these CEMs does not yet exist. For
this reason, the permit writer may establish a phased-in
approach, requiring, for example, 80 percent in the first
year, 90 percent in the second, 95 percent in the third,
and 100 percent in all subsequent years.
The permit should clarify that this requirement may be
modified based on the operation of the THC CEM system. If
the permit specifies a data capture rate for a monthly
average, and that rate is not attained, the permittee will
not have demonstrated compliance with a permit condition
implementing the Part 503 THC operational standard.1
1 During development of the Part 503 regulation, EPA, in collaboration with
Metropolitan Waste Control Commission (MWCC) in St. Paul, Minnesota, installed
a THC CEM system to evaluate its feasibility for sewage sludge incinerators.
As demonstrated during the first phase of the study, the THC analyzer achieved
an 88 percent data capture rate, with 4.8 percent of the time lost due to
relocation of the analyzer and the remaining 7.2 percent due to actual CEM
downtime. If you factor out the 4.8% relocation time lost, the THC CEM
realized a 92.4 percent uptime when installed.
88 - X :. X = 92.4%
100 - 4.8
This test verified that THC CEM systems are viable. It also provides a
reasonable starting point for evaluating THC CEM system reliability. Until an
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Continuous monitoring means analyzing and recording at
least two THC measurements, corrected for zero percent
moisture and to seven percent oxygen, per hour. Except for
necessary maintenance, it is prohibited to deliberately
shut down any CEM device or method required under the
regulation while the incinerator is in operation or
emitting exit gas. If a CEM device is deliberately shut
down for necessary maintenance or if any monitoring device
or method breaks down or fails during incinerator
operation, all reasonable measures must be taken to ensure
resumption of monitoring as soon as possible or as soon as
the unit begins to incinerate sewage sludge.
If CEM equipment is expected to be broken or shut down
for more than 72 hours, and the incinerator is operated
during that period, EPA recommends that the owner/operator
notify the permitting authority and document similar
information in the log. Notice is recommended as soon as
practical after the two required measurements per hour from
the CEM were not obtained. It should include the known or
presumed reason for the breakdown or shutdown, the steps
being taken to restore monitoring, the expected duration of
the equipment stoppage, and the length of time that the
incinerator will operate during CEM downtime.
For shutdowns or breakdowns of less than 72 hours, the
incinerator owner/operator should document this information
in the log and keep this documentation on file for later
review by the permitting authority or for submission to the
permitting authority, if so requested. Log documentation
is recommended as soon as practical after the two required
measurements per hour from the CEM were not obtained. This
notification or documentation does not relieve the
owner/operator from responsibility to comply with standards
or with the data capture rate.
Where a sewage sludge incinerator owner/operator has
difficulty achieving consistently high data capture rates,
EPA recommends consideration of measures that will increase
the data capture capabilities of the THC CEM system. One
such measure is to purchase equipment from manufacturers
that design THC CEM systems specifically to minimize
downtime (e.g., spare capillary sampling line to reduce
downtime due to clogged lines, and multiple pre-filter
trains to retain one pre-filter in service at all times
while the second is reconditioned). Another measure is the
limited use of portable systems that can be used during
primary system maintenance, breakdown, etc. Also, the
operational history of THC CEM systems at sewage sludge incinerators has been
developed, EPA will consider not requiring a minimum CEM up-time to
demonstrate compliance.
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sewage sludge incinerator owner/operator can install backup
or portions of backup THC CEM systems that can be switched
over quickly from the primary system so that the minimum
two measurements can still be determined during any given
hour. Note that if a backup system is used it must be
certified using the same procedures as for the primary
system.
2. Certification
Under Federal air quality control programs, CEM data
used to demonstrate compliance with an emission standard
must be generated by a CEM system that has been certified
by a regulatory agency. In short, the certification
process demonstrates to regulatory agencies and emission
sources that a CEM system has been designed and installed
adequately and that, through extensive testing and
documentation, the data generated by the CEM system can be
used to determine compliance with an air quality emission
standard. After certification, the data generated by the
CEM system can be used to demonstrate compliance with
applicable regulations.
The THC CEM system should also undergo certification
testing before the system is used to demonstrate compliance
with the Part 503 THC operational standard. The
incinerator owner/operator should verify that the THC CEM
system is installed, operated, and maintained pursuant to
the manufacturer's written instructions and
recommendations, meets CEM performance specification
criteria (as described later in section III.F.), and is
suitable for compliance evaluation purposes. This
certification statement (signed by a responsible official)
should be submitted to the permitting authority within 90
days after the installation of the CEM system. If the
permittee does not submit a complete certification
statement, the CEM data collected will not be considered
valid to demonstrate compliance with the THC operational
standard, even if performance specification test procedures
are followed. Upon submission of a complete certification
statement to the permitting authority, all CEM data
collected after the completion of the CEM performance
specification test will be considered valid to demonstrate
compliance, provided that performance specification test
procedures are followed.
Although the use of non-certified CEM systems may be
acceptable in other programs, when the CEM system is down,
EPA considers the use of a non-certified CEM system
unacceptable for evaluating compliance with Part 503. For
this reason, the permittee should submit a certification
for any backup CEM systems in addition to the certification
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for the primary system. The backup monitors must also
undergo the performance specification testing. If a non-
certified system is used, the data generated by this system
cannot be used to demonstrate compliance. Details of the
certification steps for Part 503 THC CEM systems are
presented later in this document.
B. indication of Incinerator Operations
THC CEM data can also be used as an indicator of adequate
incinerator operations. The Part 503 regulation does not
specify excess emission or excursion reporting requirements
for THC emissions from sewage sludge incinerators, but the
permitting authority may choose to implement such a provision.
Under Federal air quality regulations at 40 CFR 60.7(c),
EPA requires certain air emission sources to submit periodic
excess emissions and monitoring systems performance reports.
However, the definition of excess emissions and the criteria
that trigger excess emissions reporting are specific to the
regulated emission source and its applicable performance
standard. The use of CEM data to generate excess emissions or
excursion reports differs from the use of CEM data to
determine compliance with an emission standard.
III. CEM SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
A. Applicability
The requirements and specifications presented in this
document apply to the THC CEM system(s), including the THC,
oxygen, and moisture analyzers, installed on sewage sludge
incinerators that are subject to the requirements of 40 CFR
Part 503 Subpart E. Some of these requirements include
procedures used to evaluate the acceptability of CEM systems
prior to installation. Other requirements ensure the proper
calibration, operation, and maintenance of CEM systems and
evaluate CEM system performance over an extended period of
time.
Attachments C and D are appendices for compliance with CEM
requirements under 40 CFR Part 60, Standards of Performance
for New Stationary Sources. Although the appendices are not
requirements for sewage sludge incinerators under Part 503,
EPA believes they provide appropriate guidance for Part 503
compliance.
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B. Definitions
1. Continuous Emission Monitoring (CEM) System
The total equipment used to acquire data. It includes
sample handling hardware; total hydrocarbon, oxygen, and
stack gas moisture analyzer hardware; calibration gas
system hardware; and data acquisition and reporting system
hardware and software. The CEM system consists of the
major components described below.
a. Sample Interface
That portion of the CEM system that touches the
sample. It is used for sample acquisition, sample
transportation, and sample conditioning. At a minimum,
it includes the THC analyzer, the oxygen analyzer and
the moisture content analyzer. No portion of the sample
interface may lower the sample temperature below 150°C.
b. THC Analyzer
That portion of the CEM system that senses total
hydrocarbon concentration using a flame ionization
detector and generates an output proportional to the
total hydrocarbon concentration.
c. Oxygen Analyzer
That portion of the CEM system that senses oxygen
concentration and generates an output proportional to
the oxygen concentration.
d. Moisture Analyzer
That portion of the CEM system that provides, or
senses, information which will be used to determine
stack gas moisture concentration, and generates an
output proportional to the stack gas moisture
concentration. A moisture analyzer need not be a single
instrument or analyzer; it may be a series of one or
several instruments used in combination with other
information or non-instrumental techniques.
e. Data Recorder
That portion of the CEM system that is designed to
interpret and convert individual output signals from the
CEM to produce a permanent record of measured parameters
in the required measurement units.
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2. Span or Span Value
The required full scale range of the analyzer.
3. Calibration
The systematic process of checking, adjusting, or
standardizing the graduations of a quantitative measuring
instrument.
4. Calibration Drift (CD)
The difference in the CEM output readings from the
established reference value after 24 hours of operation
during which no maintenance, repair, or adjustment of the
CEM takes place. A CD test is performed to demonstrate the
stability of the CEM calibration over 24 hours.
5. Calibration Error (Cal Error)
The difference between the concentration indicated by
the CEM and the known concentration of a reference gas. A
Cal Error test procedure is performed to document the
accuracy and linearity of the CEM over the entire
measurement range.
6. Response Time
The time interval between the start of a step change in
input into the CEM (e.g., calibration gas input) and the
time when the data recorder displays 90 percent of the
final value for that input.
7. Accuracy
A measurement of agreement between a measured value and
an accepted or true value, expressed as the percentage
difference between the true value and measured values
relative to the true value. For THC CEM requirements and
specifications, accuracy is checked by conducting a
calibration error (Cal Error) test.
8. Flame lonization Detector (FID) Fuel
The fuel that is burned in the detector of the flame
ionization detector (e.g., 40 percent hydrogen/60 percent
helium).
9. Performance Specification Test (PST) Period
The period during which CD, Cal Error, and response time
tests are conducted.
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C. Instrument Design Specifications
Part 503 requires that the THC CEM employ a flame
ionization detector (FID), have a heated sampling line
maintained at a temperature of 150°C or higher at all times,
and be calibrated at least once every 24-hour operating period
using propane. All system components such as the sample
probe, calibration valve, filter(s), sample lines, pumps, and
the FID must be maintained at no less than 150°C such that no
moisture is condensed out of the THC CEM system. The THC CEM
must be equipped with indicators that measure temperature at
key points in the system and, because of this temperature
requirement, it should be designed and equipped to include a
mechanism that produces and records an alarm when any portion
of the THC CEM falls below this temperature.
The FID fuel specified by the FID manufacturer (e.g.,
40 percent hydrogen/60 percent helium) should be used. Any
carrier gases, combustion gases, or probe blowback gases used
to operate the THC CEM should meet a standard of high purity
air with less than 0.2 ppn^ THC (as propane) or less. Gas
used for carrier, combustion, or probe blowback can be
generated on site but cannot be used as a calibration gas.
CEM systems regulated under Subpart E should be designed
such that calibration gases are introduced as close as
possible to the stack gas sampling probe. Calibration gases
should pass through as much of the sample interface as
possible, but at a minimum, these gases must pass through any
out-of-stack filters.
Many different design options are acceptable to EPA for
oxygen and moisture CEM analyzers for a sewage sludge
incinerator's stack gas. For example, a CEM may be designed
such that a single sample is extracted from stack gases using
a single sample line and that sample is conveyed to separate
THC, oxygen, and moisture content analyzers. Another
acceptable design might convey an extractive sample via a
heated sampling line to the THC analyzer, having part of that
sample conveyed to a moisture condenser and an oxygen
analyzer, and having another part of that sample conveyed
directly to an in-situ analyzer for oxygen measurement on a
wet basis. In this design, the wet and dry basis oxygen
concentrations could be used to calculate stack gas moisture
content.
Different techniques for measuring and recording stack gas
moisture content are also acceptable. Options for stack gas
moisture monitoring include the use of a proprietary moisture
analyzer, the use of wet and dry basis oxygen concentrations
as indicated above, or the use of stack gas temperature
10
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measuring devices alone or in combination with psychrometric
charts. The key item to remember is that the moisture
measurement technique must include an instrumental portion in
the method, and must produce an output signal that can be
correlated to the stack gas moisture content. The
instrumental portion of the method must have the ability to be
calibrated and adjusted to reflect actual stack gas moisture
concentrations .
D. Installation Specifications
To comply with Part 503, a CEM system must be installed
such that representative measurements of THC, oxygen, and
stack gas moisture concentrations in exhaust gases from sewage
sludge incinerators are obtained. EPA strongly recommends
that sample points for THC, oxygen, and stack gas moisture be
located as close together as possible2.
The optimum location of a CEM sample interface is
determined by a number of factors, including ease of access
for calibration and maintenance, the degree to which sample
conditioning will be required, and the degree to which the
sample location represents total emissions. The location
should be as free from in- or out-leakage as possible and free
from severe flow disturbances. The sample location should be
at least two duct diameters from the nearest control device,
point of pollutant generation, or other point at which a
change in measured concentration occurs, and at least 0.5
diameter upstream from the discharge point or a control
device. For rectangular cross sections, the equivalent duct
diameter (De) is calculated as:
where :
L = length
W = width
(Ref: 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, Method 1, Section 2.1)
If these installation criteria are not achievable or if the
location is otherwise less than optimum, then the sample will
possibly be unrepresentative.
E. Span Settings
The oxygen CEM span should be 0-25 percent by volume and
the instrumental part of the stack gas moisture CEM analyzer
2 See Attachment C pg 1109 item 3, Installation and Measurement
Location Specifications for specific representative sampling
points.
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span should be 0-100 percent by volume. The THC span has a
greater potential for variation than either the moisture or
oxygen concentration GEM. At a minimum, the THC GEM span
should be 0-200 ppm,, or greater where THC concentrations
above 200 ppm,, occur.
An option on many GEM systems is an auto-rangefinder that
automatically changes the span range depending on the THC
concentration. For example, a CEM system with dual span auto-
rangef inder (i.e., 0-200 ppmv and 0-2000 ppmj has a controller
that automatically switches from the 0-200 span to
the 0-2000 span as the THC concentration approaches 200 ppmv.
The controller will switch back to the lower span as the THC
concentration falls back below some value less than 200 ppm,.
In this way, the CEM is precise enough at lower concentrations
but also capable of analyzing and recording higher
concentrations. A span value of 0-100 ppm, is inappropriate
since the auto-rangefinder will switch span values as the THC
concentration approaches the THC limit of 100 ppm,,, as
propane, creating greater uncertainty about the time and value
of the reading as it hovers near the limit. It would be
better to switch the ranges at above 110 ppm,. EPA may
reconsider the recommended THC span value after establishing a
history of THC CEM operations if operating experience
indicates the need for such a change.
F. Performance Specifications
Prior to certifying a THC CEM system, the incinerator
owner/ operator should perform a performance specification
test (PST) to demonstrate that the CEM system, as installed,
will conform to performance specifications. Besides the CEM
design and installation criteria described earlier, the CEM
operator should also demonstrate that the installed CEM will
meet performance criteria for response time, Cal Error, and CD
at the operational conditions and ranges used during the
metals performance testing or as otherwise specified in the
permit. (In other words, the CEM performance criteria must
not be tested outside of acceptable operating conditions for
compliance with metals limits and operational settings.) This
demonstration is to be conducted during an initial PST period
using specific test procedures.
1. Calibration Gases
The use of EPA Protocol 1 calibration gases is not
required for response time, CD, or daily calibration
testing. All PST and Cal Error testing, however, should be
conducted using calibration gases that have been certified
by comparison to National Bureau of Standards (NBS) gaseous
Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) or NBS/EPA-approved gas
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manufacturer's Certified Reference Materials (CRNs)3
following EPA Traceability Protocol No. I4. The
calibration gas cylinder manufacturer should provide a
recommended shelf life over which the concentration of the
gas does not change by more than ±2 percent from the
certified value.
2. THC GEM Performance Specifications
a. Calibration Drift (CD).
The CD of THC CEM should be determined at two levels:
zero and high. The CEM calibration response should not
differ by more than 6 ppm,, THC, as propane, after each
24-hour period of the 7-day CD test at both zero and
high levels. Test point values for THC CD testing are
as follows:
Zero-level — zero to 20% of the span.
High-level — 70 to 90% of the span.
b. Calibration Error (Cal Error).
The Cal Error of THC CEM should be determined at
three levels: zero, mid, and high. The mean difference
between the CEM and reference values at the mid- and
high-level test points (specified below) should be no
greater than 10 ppm, THC, as propane. The mean
difference between the CEM and reference values at the
zero-level test point should be no greater than 5
Test point values for THC Cal Error testing are as
follows:
Zero-level — zero to 20% of span.
Mid-level — 30 to 50% of span.
High-level — 70 to 90% of span.
"A Procedure for Establishing Traceability of Gas Mixtures to Certain
National Bureau of Standards Standard Reference Materials." Joint
publication by NBS and EPA-600/7-81-010. Available from the EPA
Quality Assurance Division (MD-77). Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
"Traceability Protocol for Establishing True Concentrations of Gases
Used for Calibration and Audits of Continuous Source Emission Monitors
(Protocol Number 1)" June 1978. Section 3.0.4 of the Quality Assurance
Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems. Volume III. Stationary
Source Specific Methods. EPA-600/4-77-027b. August 1977. EPA Office of
Research and Development Publications, 26 West St. Clair Street,
Cincinnati, OH 45268.
13
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c. Response Tine.
The response time for the THC CEM should not exceed
200 seconds to achieve 90 percent of the final stable
value.
3. Oxygen CEM Performance Specifications
a. Calibration Drift (CD).
The CD of oxygen CEM should be determined at two
levels: zero and high. The CEM calibration response
should not differ by more than 0.5 percent oxygen after
each 24-hour period of the 7-day CD test at both zero
and high levels. Test point values for THC CD testing
are as follows:
Zero-level — zero to 4% oxygen.
High-level — 14% to 21% oxygen.
b. Calibration Error (Cal Error).
The Cal Error of the oxygen CEM should be determined
at three levels: zero, mid, and high. The mean
difference between the CEM and reference values at the
zero-, mid-, and high-level test points (specified
below) should be no greater than 0.5 percent oxygen.
Test point values for oxygen Cal Error testing are as
follows:
Zero-level — zero to 4% oxygen.
Mid-level — 6% to 10% oxygen.
High-level — 14% to 21% oxygen.
All Cal Error testing should be conducted using EPA
Protocol 1 calibration gases4.
c. Response Time.
The response time for oxygen CEM should not exceed
200 seconds to achieve 90 percent of the final stable
value.
G. Testing Requirements
Performance specification tests should be conducted to
determine if a CEM meets the performance specifications
outlined above. Performance specification test (PST)
14
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procedures to be used for compliance with Subpart E are
described below.
The operating ranges set during the metals performance test
must not be exceeded during the PST. In other words, the CEM
performance criteria must be tested within acceptable normal
operating conditions for compliance with metals limits and
operational parameters. Failure to run the PST at ranges at
or below those set during the metals test may cause metals
limits to be exceeded, and may necessitate repetition of the
metals performance test, so that a control efficiency (CE) and
the metals limits can be recalculated and the incinerator and
air pollution control device(s) settings can be redetermined.
1. Calibration Drift Testing
While the sewage sludge incinerator is operating either
in compliance with settings and ranges established during
the metals performance test or its permit conditions, the
magnitude of CD should be determined at 24-hour intervals
for seven consecutive days using calibration gases at zero-
and high-level concentrations. All CD determinations
should be made following a 24-hour period during which no
maintenance, repair, or adjustment takes place. If the
sewage sludge incinerator is taken out of service during
the test period, record the onset and duration of the
downtime and continue the CD test when the unit resumes
operation.
Introduce the zero and span gas into the sampling system
as close to the probe inlet as practical. The system must
be designed so that the introduction of calibration gas
does not pressurize the gas sampling line. (If the lines
are pressurized during the calibration drift check, leaks
will not be detected.) The gas must pass through all CEM
components used during normal sampling. Before adjusting
either the zero or calibration settings, repeat the CD
test. Record the CEM response and subtract the recorded
value from the reference (calibration gas) value. The
differences represent CD values. Summarize the recorded
values, reference values, and calculated differences on a
data sheet like that in Table 1.
2. Calibration Error Testing
Cal Error testing should be conducted during the time
period when CD testing is conducted. Challenge the CEM by
introducing EPA Protocol No. 1 calibration gases using the
criteria described in section III.F above. Operate the CEM
as nearly as possible in its normal sampling mode. The
calibration gas should be injected into the sampling system
as close as possible to the sampling probe outlet and
15
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should pass through all filters, scrubbers, conditioners,
and other monitoring components used during normal
sampling. Challenge the CEM three non-consecutive times at
each measurement point and record the responses (i.e., do
not test the upper point three times in a row; instead test
one point then test a different point). Each gas injection
should last long enough to ensure that the CEM surfaces are
conditioned and a stable measured value is achieved.
Summarize the results of Cal Error testing on a data
sheet like the one in Table 2. Average the differences
between the CEM response and the certified cylinder gas
value for each gas measurement level. These average
differences represent values for Cal Error.
3. Response Time Testing
Response time testing should be conducted during the
time period when CD and Cal error testing are conducted.
Response time testing should begin after relatively stable
incinerator operations and/or THC concentrations have been
achieved. The entire system, including sample extraction
and transport, sample conditioning, gas analysis, and the
data recording system, should be checked during the
following response time test.
Introduce all calibration gases at the probe as near to
the sample location as possible. First introduce zero gas
into the system. When the system output has stabilized (no
change greater than 1 percent of full scale for 30
seconds), switch to monitor stack effluent and wait for a
stable value. Record the time required to reach 90 percent
of final stable value (the upscale response time). The
response time should be 200 seconds or less. Next,
determine the downscale response time by introducing a
high-level calibration gas and repeating the above
procedure. Repeat both procedures three times and
determine the mean upscale and downscale response times.
The longer of the two mean values is the system response
time.
4. Retesting
If the results of the CEM testing meet the criteria
specified above, the test is successful. If the CEM does
not meet one or more of the specified criteria, necessary
corrections should be made and any unsuccessful performance
tests must be repeated until all are successful. If the
operational settings for the incinerator are changed to
settings which do not meet either the permit requirements
or the settings or ranges established during the metals
performance test, then either the metals performance test
16
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must be repeated at the new conditions or the CEM settings
roust be changed and retested to reflect settings which meet
the permit requirements or the metals performance test
settings or ranges.
H. Certification
As indicated earlier, upon satisfactory PST results (i.e.,
all tests are within the performance specifications identified
previously), the CEM owner/operator should notify the
permitting authority of its findings by letter and certify the
CEM as being acceptable for demonstrating compliance with the
THC operational standard. In addition to a statement
regarding the satisfactory PST results, the CEM owner/operator
should certify that the system has been installed and will be
operated and maintained according to the manufacturer's
instructions and recommendations. CEM compliance data
collection begins from the date the performance specification
test generates satisfactory results. The installation and/or
performance test certification can be a joint certification
with the CEM manufacturer if the CEM manufacturer performs the
installation and/or PST. Only the sewage sludge incinerator
operator, however, can attest to operational certification.
I. Quality Assurance and Quality Control (OA/OC) Maintenance
Requirements
The CEM certification process described above ensures that
CEM systems meet minimum standards when installed. To ensure
that CEM data quality is maintained during the life of the
CEM, EPA recommends that the criteria provided at 40 CFR Part
60, Appendix F, Sections 3 and 4 be used to establish minimum
QC criteria. (This reference is provided as Attachment D to
the guidance.) At a minimum, CEM owners/operators should
follow the daily CD checks and quarterly Cal Error checks
described below.
1. Daily CD Checks
A daily calibration drift check is required for each
monitor in the THC CEM. The CD check procedures and
specifications described for the 7-day CD test should be
used to conduct the daily check of each CEM. As with the
CD PSTs, EPA Protocol 1 calibration gases are not required
for daily CD checks, just as they are not required for
PSTs. However, any zero and upscale calibration gases that
are used for daily CD checks of THC and oxygen CEM cannot
be generated on-site; rather, they should be certified
cylinder gases. For CEM data to be used to document
compliance with the THC operational standard, minimum
acceptable criteria for daily CD checks should be
established. EPA recommends that the criteria provided at
17
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40 CFR Part 60, Appendix F, Sections 3 and 4 be used to
establish minimum QC criteria. (See Attachment D.)
a. THC
If the daily THC CEM CD check indicates that the CD
exceeds ± 12 ppm,, the THC CEM should be adjusted and
recalibrated such that the CD is less than or equal to
± 6 ppm, for any daily check. If the daily THC CD
exceeds ± 12 ppm, for seven consecutive daily periods or
if the daily THC CD ever exceeds ±24 ppm,,, the THC CEM
is considered out-of-control and all subsequent data is
deemed invalid until necessary corrective action is
taken to control the CEM. The out-of-control period is
deemed to begin at the time corresponding to the
completion of the seventh consecutive daily CD check
with a ± 12 ppm, exceedance (if daily THC CD exceeds ±
12 ppniv for seven consecutive daily CD checks) or after
completion of the daily CD check (if THC CD exceeds ± 24
ppmj . Data cannot be used to demonstrate compliance
until recalibration results in a daily CD within ± 6
ppm,, THC.
b. Oxygen
If the daily oxygen CD indicates a CD in excess of
± 1.0 percent oxygen, the oxygen CEM should be adjusted
and recalibrated so that the CD is within ± 0.5 percent
oxygen. If the daily CD exceeds ± 1.0 percent oxygen
for seven consecutive daily CD checks or if the CD
exceeds ± 2.0 percent oxygen for any daily check, data
from the oxygen CEM is considered out-of-control and its
data cannot be used to demonstrate compliance until a
recalibration that results in a CD within ± 0.5 percent
is achieved. Similar to the THC CEM, the out-of-control
period, at which time data is deemed invalid, occurs
after completion of the seventh daily CD check (if
oxygen CD exceeds ± 1.0 percent oxygen for seven
consecutive daily CD checks) or after completion of the
daily CD check (if oxygen CD exceeds ± 2.0 percent).
c. Moisture
Because there are numerous options for determining
moisture content in the incinerator emissions, this
document does not identify specific calibration
procedures. Rather, the CEM owner/operator should
follow manufacturer's written instructions and
recommendations for calibrating the instrumental portion
used to measure the moisture content. An example of
appropriate calibration for one particular moisture
18
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analysis would be daily calibration and CD checking on
the thermocouple used in conjunction with a
psychrometric chart to determine moisture content of a
saturated stream coming off a wet electrostatic
precipitator.
2. Cal Error Checks
At a minimum, Cal Error checks should be conducted every
90-day operating period for the THC and oxygen CEM. The
Cal Error PST procedures and specifications described
earlier should be used to conduct quarterly Cal Error
checks. All Cal Error checks should be conducted using EPA
Protocol 1 calibration gases.
If a 90-day operating period Cal Error check results in
a value in excess of an allowable Cal Error performance
specification, the CEM is considered out-of-control and its
data cannot be used to demonstrate compliance until a Cal
Error check that results in a Cal Error within the
performance specification is achieved. All data collected
prior to the out-of-control Cal Error check, but after the
previous in-compliance Cal Error check, is considered
invalid for demonstrating compliance. Since the
owner/operator cannot prove compliance with the THC
standard, the incinerator is considered to be out of
compliance with the standard. (Incinerator owner/operators
may wish to increase the frequency of the Cal Error checks
to once per month to avoid invalidating 90 days of data.)
If this happens, the owner/operator should notify the
permitting authority of corrective action(s) that will be
taken to prevent further out-of-control emissions.
J. Recordkeepina Requirements
At a minimum, Part 503 Subpart E CEM operators must
maintain records for the following items:
i. Hourly averages for THC concentration, oxygen
content, stack gas moisture content, and THC
concentration corrected to zero percent moisture and
to 7 percent oxygen. These records should include
the information identified in Table 3.
ii. PST reports and results. These records should
include the information resulting from any CD, Cal
Error, and response time performance specification
testing performed by the incinerator owner/operator.
iii. Daily CD checks. These records should include the
time and date of calibration, the person conducting
the test or overseeing the test results, calibration
19
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gas concentration and cylinder number, the CEM
response to the calibration gas, and the difference
between the calibration gas value and the CEM
response.
iv. Cal Error checks every 90 operating days. Cal Error
check records should include the information
presented in Table 2, the name of the person
conducting the check, the time and data of the check,
and calibration gas cylinder numbers.
v. CEM maintenance logs. These records should include a
description of the maintenance conducted, why
maintenance was conducted (corrective or
preventative), the person who conducted the
maintenance, the time and date of maintenance, and
the duration of maintenance activities for which CEM
data were not generated. If major components are
replaced, the Cal Error and response time
determinations, as appropriate, should be repeated as
per the initial protocol and the results kept in the
maintenance log. For example, if a sampling pump is
replaced, the response time test should be repeated.
If the sensor is replaced, the CD and Cal Error tests
should be repeated.
vi. CEM downtime. These records should include an
identification of the hours when a CEM was not
gathering data suitable for demonstrating compliance
and the reason for the CEM downtime if the unit was
not able to obtain the required two readings for the
hour.
All records must be maintained and available for
inspection. The recordkeeping requirements specified in this
guidance only pertain to the CEM systems described here. For
a comprehensive list of recordkeeping requirements, refer to
Attachment A (40 CFR S503.47).
K. Reporting
The incinerator owner/operator should submit the signed
certification statement (described in section H above) to the
permitting authority within 90 days after installation of the
CEM system. Specifically, the owner/operator in conjunction
with the CEM manufacturer, if appropriate, should certify that
the THC CEM system is installed, operated, and maintained
pursuant to the manufacturer's written instructions and
recommendations, meets performance specification criteria, and
is suitable for compliance evaluation purposes.
20
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In addition, because sewage sludge incinerators are
generally considered "class I sludge management facilities,11
CEM owners/operators must prepare at minimum an annual report
of THC emissions from each sewage sludge incinerator to
demonstrate compliance with the Part 503 THC operational
standard. This annual report should contain the information
presented in Tables 3 and 4 for each month of the year,
whether or not the incinerator fired sewage sludge during that
month. Table 3 information is only required for those days
that sewage sludge was fired to the incinerator. In these
emission reports, missing CEM data should also be identified
by the use of codes that designate the reason for missing
data. At a minimum, these codes should include:
Code 1 — unit down, no sewage sludge or auxiliary fuel
fired during that hour.
Code 2 — unit did not fire sewage sludge in that hour, but
did fire auxiliary fuel.
Code 3 — CEM down or unable to gather data sufficient to
generate a hourly average (includes both maintenance and
QA/QC activities). The coding should also indicate, where
appropriate, if the downtime was due to the THC, oxygen, or
moisture analyzer (could be coded 3A for THC, 3B for
oxygen, 3C for moisture, and 3D for other).
In addition to emission data, annual reports should also
present a summation of the total number of hours per month:
i. with valid CEM data.
ii. that sewage sludge was fired to the incinerator.
iii. without valid CEM data in which there was sewage
sludge fired to the incinerator.
An NPDES or other permit issued to the sewage sludge
incinerator may require reporting of any of the above data as
an enforceable permit condition. In addition, the permit may
require more frequent reporting and/or non-compliance reports
in cases where the THC standard is violated. A permit
typically will require a signed certification from a
responsible official within the organization submitting the
report that indicates that the information is, to the best of
his/her knowledge, true, accurate, and conforms with
applicable requirements.
21
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IV. POLLUTION PREVENTION IDEAS FOR CEMS
While pollution prevention techniques are not routinely
evaluated for analytical equipment and procedures, this is an
area that is being evaluated more and more. Incinerators may
want to consider appropriate pollution prevention techniques
both to reduce the pollution produced by the incinerator as
well as to reduce operational costs. Auxiliary fuels, which
are fossil fuels or derivatives, contribute to greenhouse gas
production and contribute to operating expenses. Optimizing
their use will optimize incinerator efficiency and reduce a
source of THC which will enable an incinerator to more easily
meet the THC limit.
Another specific pollution prevention area concerns THC
samples and calibration gas handling and management practices.
Minimizing sample exhaust (i.e., sample and/or calibration gas
that is extracted from the stack but not analyzed) and burner
exhaust (i.e., sample and/or calibration gas that is extracted
from the stack, analyzed, and then exhausted) will reduce
calibration gas use and thus reduce costs, as well as reduce
pollutant emissions to the environment.
22
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TABLES
-------
Table 1
Calibration Drift Determination Results
Zero
High
Day
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Date
Time
Reference
Value
CEM Value
Difference
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Table 2
Calibration Error Determination Results
Run
Number
1-Zero
2-Mid
3-High
4-Mid
5-Zero
6-High
7-Zero
8-Mid
9-High
Calibration
Value
Differences
Mean Difference
(Calibration Error)
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Table 3
Data Records for THC CEM
Date: / /
End
Time
1 am
2am
3 am
4 am
5 am
6 am
7 am
Sam
9 am
10am
11 am
12 pm
1 pm
2pm
3 pm
4 pm
5 pm
6 pm
7 pm
8 pm
9pm
10pm
11 pm
12am
THC ppm.,
(raw)
% Stack
Moisture
% Oxygen,
Dry
THCppm,
(dry® 7% Oj)
-------
Table 4 : Monthly THC CEM Report
Hourly THC Avenge* (ppm. dry & 7% oxygen)
Hr
Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Monthly THC Average (dry @ 1% oxygen) =
ppm.
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ATTACHMENT A
FR Notice of Part 503 Subpart E (2/19/93)
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Federal Register / Vol. 58. No. 32 / Friday. February Ifl. 1993 / Rules and Regulations 9401
septage) it placed on in active towage
•ludge unit.
(5) One of the vector attraction
reduction requirements in § 503.33
(b)(9), (b)(10). or (b)(12) shall be met
when domestic septage is applied to
agricultural land, forest, or a
reclamation site and one of the vector
attraction reduction requirements in
§ 503.33 (b)(9) through (b)(12) shall be
met when domestic septage is placed on
an active sewage sludge unit.
(b)(l) The mass of volatile solids in
the sewage sludge shall be reduced by
a minimum of 38 percent (see
calculation procedures in
"Environmental Regulations and
Technology—Control of Pathogens and
Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge".
EPA-625/R-92/013,1992. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268).
(2) When the 38 percent volatile
solids reduction requirement in
§ 503.33(b)(l) cannot be met for an
anaerobically digested sewage sludge,
vector attraction reduction can be
demonstrated by digesting a portion of
the previously digested sewage sludge
anaerobically in the laboratory in a
bench-scale unit for 40 additional days
at a temperature between 30 and 37
degrees Celsius. When at the end of the
40 days, the volatile solids in the
sewage sludge at the beginning of that
period is reduced by less than 17
percent, vector attraction reduction is
achieved.
(3) When the 38 percent volatile
solids reduction requirement in
% 503.33(b)(l) cannot be met for an
aerobically digested sewage sludge,
vector attraction reduction can be
demonstrated by digesting a portion of
the previously digested sewage sludge
that has a percent solids of two percent
or less aerobically in the laboratory in
a bench-scale unit for 30 additional days
at 20 degrees Celsius. When at the end
of the 30 days, the volatile solids in the
sewage sludge at the beginning of that
period is reduced by less than 15
percent, vector attraction reduction is
achieved.
(4) The specific oxygen uptake rate
(SOUR) for sewage sludge treated in an
aerobic process shall be equal to or less
than 1.5 milligrams of oxygen per hour
per gram of total solids (dry weight
basis) at a temperature of 20 degrees
Celsius.
(5) Sewage sludge shall be treated in
an aerobic process for 14 days or longer.
During that time, the temperature of the
sewage sludge shall be higher than 40
degrees Celsius and the average
temperature of the sewage sludge shall
be higher than 45 degrees Celsius.
(6) The pH of sewage sludge shall be
raised to 12 or higher by alkali addition
and, without the addition of more alkali,
shall remain at 12 or higher for two
hours and then at 11.5 or higher for an
additional 22 hours.
(7) The percent solids of sewage
sludge that does not contain
unstabilized solids generated in a
primary wastewater treatment process
shall be equal to or greater than 75
percent baaed on the moisture content
and total solids prior to mixing with
other materials.
sludge that contains unstabilizad solids
generated in a primary wastewater
treatment process shall be equal to or
greater than 90 percent based on the
moisture content and total solids prior
to mixing with other materials.
(9)(i)&wage sludge shall be infected
below the surface of the land.
(ii) No significant amount of the
sewage sludge shall be present on the
land surface within one hour after the
sewage sludge is injected.
(iii) When the sewage sludge that is
injected below the surface of the land is
Class A with respect to pathogens, the
sewage sludge shall be injected below
the land surface within eight hours after
being discharged from the pathogen
treatment process.
(10)(i) Sewage sludge applied to the
land surface or placed on a surface
disposal site shall be incorporated into
the soil within six hours after
application to or placement on the land.
(ii) When sewage sludge that is
incorporated into the soil is Class A
with respect to pathogens, the sewage
sludge shall be applied to or placed on
the land within eight hours after being
discharged from the pathogen treatment
process.
(11) Sewage sludge placed on an
active sewage sludge unit shall be
covered with soil or other material at
the end of each operating day.
(12) The pH of domestic septage shall
be raised to 12 or higher by alkali
addition and, without the addition of
more alkali, shall remain at 12 or higher
for 30 minutes.
SMbpart C—Incineration
(a) This subpart applies to a person
who fires aewage sludge in a sewage
sludge incinerator, to a sewage sludge
incinerator, and to eewage sludge fired
in a sewage sludge incinerator.
(b) This subpart applies to the exit gas
from a sewage sludge incinerator stack.
I50M1
(a) Air pollution control device is one
or more processes used to treat the exit
gas from a aewage sludge incinerator
stack.
(b) Auxiliary fuel is fuel used to
augment the fuel value of sewage
sludge. This includes, but is not limited
to, natural gas. fuel oil. coal, gas
generated during anaerobic digestion of
sewage sludge, and municipal solid
waste (not to exceed 30 percent of the
dry weight of eewage sludge and
auxiliary fuel together). Hazardous
wastes are not auxiliary fuel.
(c) Contra/ efficiency is the mass of a
pollutant in the sewage sludge fad to an
incinerator minus the mass of that
pollutant in the exit gas from the
incinerator stack divided by the mass of
the pollutant in the sewage sludge fed
to the incinerator.
(d) Dispersion factor is the ratio of the
increase in the ground level ambient air
concentration for a pollutant at or
beyond the property line of the site
where the sewage sludge incinerator is
located to the mass emission rate for the
pollutant from the incinerator stack.
(e) Fluidixed bed incinerator is an
enclosed device in which organic matter
and inorganic matter in sewage sludge
are combusted in a bed of particles
suspended in the combustion chamber
gas.
(f) Hourly average is the arithmetic
mean of all measurements, taken during
an hour. At least two measurements
must be taken during the hour.
(g) Incineration is the combustion of
organic matter and inorganic matter in
sewage sludge by high temperatures in
an enclosed device.
(h) Monthly average is the arithmetic
mean of the hourly averages for the
hours a sewage sludge incinerator
operates during the month.
(i) Risk specific concentration is the
allowable increase in the average daily
ground level ambient air concentration
for a pollutant from the incineration of
sewage sludge at or beyond the property
line of the site where the eewage sludge
incinerator is located.
()) Sewage sludge feed rate is either
the average daily amount of aewage
sludge fired in all aewage sludge
incinerators within the property line of
the site where the sewage sludge
incinerators are located for the number
of days in a 365 day period that each
aewage sludge incinerator operates, or
the average daily design capacity for all
aewage sludge incinerators within the
property line of the site where the
aewage sludge incinerators are located.
(k) Sewage sludge incinerator is an
enclosed device in which only sewage
sludge and auxiliary fuel an fired.
(1) Stack height is the difference
between the elevation of the top of a
sewage sludge incinerator stack and the
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9402 Federal Register / Vol. 58, No. 32 / Friday. February 19. 1893 / Rules and Regulations
elevation of the ground «t the hue of the
•Uck when the difference to equal to or
less than 65 meien. When the difference
is greater than 65 meters, stack height is
the creditable stack height determined
in accordance with 40 CFR 51.100 (ii).
(m) Total hydrocarbons means the
organic compounds in the exit gas from
a sewage sludge incinerator stack
measured using a flame ionization
detection instrument referenced to
propane.
(n) Wet electrostatic pracjpitoforis an
air pollution control device that uses
both electrical forces and water to
remove pollutants in the exit gas from
a sewage sludge incinerator stack.
(o) Wei scrubber is an air pollution
control device that uses water to remove
pollutants in the exit gas from a sewage
sludge incinerator stack.
I (03.42 General requirements.
No person shall fire sewage sludge in
a sewage sludge incinerator except in
compliance with the requirements in
this subpart.
•oNutent
1509.43
(a) Firing of sewage sludge in a
sewage sludge incinerator shall not
violate the requirements in the National
Emission Standard for Beryllium in
subpart C of 40 CFR part 61.
(b) Firing of sewage sludge in a
sewage sludge incinerator shall not
violate the requirements in the National
Emission Standard for Mercury in
subpart E of 40 CFR part 61.
(c) Pollutant limit—lead.
(1) The daily concentration of lead in
sewage sludge fed to a sewage sludge
incinerator shall not exceed the
concentration calculated using Equation
(4).
O.lxNAAQSxM.400
DFx(1-CE)xSF
Eq. (4)
Where:
ODaily concentration of toed in sewage
sludge in milligrams per kilogram of
total solids (dry weight basis).
NAAQS-National Ambient Air Quality
Standard far toad in micrograms per
cubic mater.
DF'Dispenion factor in micrograms per
cubic meter par gram per second.
(X«Sewage sludge incinerator control
efficiency for lead in hundredth*.
SF»Sewage sludge feed rate in metric tons
per day (dry weight basis).
(2Mi) When the sewage sludge stack
height is 65 meters or less, the actual
sewage sludge incinerator stack height
shall be used in an air dispersion model
specified by the permitting authority to
determine the dispersion factor (DF) in
equation (4).
(ii) When the sewage sludge
incinerator stack height exceeds 65
meters, the creditable stack height shall
be determined in accordance with 40
CFR 51.10001) and the creditable stack
height shall be used in an air dispersion
model specified by the permitting
authority to determine the dispersion
factor (DF) in equation (4).
(3) The control efficiency (CE) in
equation (5) shall be determined from a
performance test of the sewage sludge
incinerator, as specified by the
permitting authority.
(d) Pollutant limit—arsenic.
cadmium, chromium, and nickel.
(1) The daily concentration for
arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and
nickel in sewage sludge fed to a sewage
sludge incinerator each shall not exceed
the concentration calculated using
equation (5).
TABLE 2 OF § 503.43.—«BK SPECIFIC
CONCENTRATION—CMWOMWM
RSCX86.400
DFx(l-CE)xSF
Eq. (5)
Where:
ODaily concentration of arsenic.
cadmium, chromium, or nickel in
sewage sludge in milligrams per
kilogram of total solids (dry weight
basis).
CE*Sewage sludge incinerator control
efficiency far arsenic, cadmium.
chromium, or nickel in hundredths.
DF»Disp«nion isctor in micrograms per
cubic meter per gram per second.
RSORisk specific concentration in
micrograms per cubic meter. S
F*Sewage sludge feed rate in met jic tons
per day (dry weight basis).
(2) The risk specific concentrations
for arsenic, cadmium, and nickel used
in equation (6) shall be obtained from
Table 1 of §503 .43.
TABLE 1 OF §503.43.—RISK SPECIFIC
CONCENTRATION ARSENIC, CADMIUM,
AND NICKEL
Potman
Aiaertc
Cadmium
Nickel
RieXspacjHc
conosntfaSon
cubic meter)
0.023
0.057
2.0
(3) The risk specific concentration for
chromium used in equation (5) shall be
obtained from Table 2 of $ 503.43 or
shall be calculated using equation (6), as
specified by the permitting authority.
Tuned
FlukBMd bad •** wet
Osier types «sti ejet eombber....
Osier types wan vet aoubber
RtrtspadSceon-
osfwaSon
J^^^BM^M^B*
fmoroorams par
auWemetsr)
046
0.29
0.016
RSC-
OOO»5
Bq.(6)
Where:
RSC-riak specific concentration far
chromium in micrograms per cubic
meter used in equation (5).
r-decimal fraction of the hexavalent
chromium concentration in the total
chromium coocentration measured in
the exit gas from the sewage sludge
incinerator stack in hundredths.
(4)(i) When the sewage sludge
incinerator stack height is equal to or
less than 65 meters, the actual sewage
sludge incinerator stack height shall be
used in an air dispersion model, as
specified by the permitting authority, to
determine the dispersion factor (DF) in
equation (5).
(ii) When the sewage sludge
incinerator stack height is greater than
65 meters, the creditable stack height
shall be determined in accordance with
40 CFR Sl.lOO(ii) and the creditable
stack height shall be used in an air
dispersion model, as specified by the
permitting authority, to determine the
dispersion factor (DF) in equation (5).
(5) The control efficiency (CE) in
equation (5) shall be determined from a
performance test of the sewage sludge
incinerator, as specified by the
permitting authority.
f 803.44
ytfroear
(a) The total hydrocarbons
concentration in the exit gas from a
sewage sludge incinerator shall be
corrected for sero percent moisture by
multiplying the measured total
hydrocarbons concentration by the
correction factor calculated using
equation (7).
Correction factor (per-
cent moisture)*
(1—X)
Eq. (7)
Where:
X»declmal fraction of the percent moisture
in the sewage sludge incinerator exit gas
in hundredths.
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Federal Register / Vol. SB. No. 32 / Friday, February 19, 1093 / Rules and Regulations »403
(b) The total hydrocarbons
concentration in the exit gas from a
sewage sludge incinerator shall be
corrected to seven percent oxygen by
multiplying the measured total
hydrocarbons concentration by the
correction factor calculated using
equation (8).
incinerator shall be specified by the
11 be
Correction factor (ox-
ygen).
(21—Y)
Eq. (•)
Where:
Y«Percent oxygen concentration in the
aewage sludge incinerator stack exit gas
(dry volume/dry volume).
(c) The monthly average
concentration for total hydrocarbons in
the exit gas from a sewage sludge
incinerator stack, corrected for zero
percent moisture using the correction
bctor from equation (7) and to seven
percent oxygen using the correction
factor from equation (8). shall not
exceed 100 parts per million on a
volumetric basis when measured using
the instrument required by $ 503.45(a).
1503.45 Management practtcee,
(a)(l) An instrument that measures
and records the total hydrocarbons
concentration in the sewage sludge
incinerator stack exit gas continuously
shall be installed, calibrated, operated,
and maintained for each sewage sludge
incinerator, as specified by the
permitting authority.
(2) The total hydrocarbons instrument
shall employ a flame ionization
detector; shall have a heated sampling
line maintained at a temperature of 150
degrees Celsius or higher at all times;
and shall be calibrated at least once
every 24-hour operating period using
propane.
(b) An instrument that measures and
records the oxygen concentration in the
sewage sludge incinerator stack exit gas
continuously shall be installed.
calibrated, operated, and maintained for
each sewage sludge incinerator, as
specified by the permitting authority.
(c) An instrument that measures and
records information used to determine
the moisture content in the sewage
sludge incinerator stack exit gas
continuously shall be installed,
calibrated, operated, and maintained for
each sewage sludge incinerator, as
specified by the permitting authority.
(d) An instrument that measures and
records combustion temperatures
continuously shall be installed,
calibrated, operated, and maintained for
each sewage sludge incinerator, as
specified by the permitting authority.
(e) The maximum combustion
temperature for a sewage sludge
permitting authority and shall
on information obtained during the
performance test of the sewage sludge
incinerator to determine pollutant
control efficiencies.
(f) The values for the operating
parameters for the sewage sludge
incinerator air pollution control device
shall be specified by the permitting
authority and shall be based on
information obtained during the
performance test of the sewage sludge
incinerator to determine pollutant
control efficiencies.
(g) Sewage sludge shall not be fired in
a sewage sludge incinerator if it is likely
to adversely affect a threatened or
endangered species listed under section
4 of the Endangered Species Act or its
designated critical habitat.
1503.46 Frequency of monitoring.
(a) Sewage sludge.
(1) The frequency of monitoring for
beryllium and mercury shall be
specified by the permitting authority.
(2) The frequency of monitoring for
arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and
nickel in sewage sludge fed to a sewage
sludge incinerator shall be the
frequency in Table 1 of § 503.46.
TABLE 1 OF §503.46.—FREQUENCY OF
MONITORING—INCINERATION
Amount of sewage sludaa1 (metric
tons per 365 day period)
Greater twi nro but lees ttian
290.
Equal to or grsaMr then 290 but
lew t»n 1.500.
Equal to or preetsr then 1300 but
toes then 15.000
Equal to or
tian 15.000 ,
Frequency
Once per year.
Once per quar-
ter (tour
year).
Once per 60
day*(eta
Once per
(12
year).
'Amount of sewage stodge ftmd In a
sludge Incinerator (dry weight few*).
(3) After the sewage sludge has been
monitored for two yean at the frequency
in Table 1 of $ 503.46, the permitting
authority may reduce the frequency of
monitoring for arsenic, cadmium,
chromium, lead, and nickel, but in no
case shall the frequency of monitoring
be less than once per year when sewage
sludge is fired in a sewage sludge
incinerator.
(b) Total hydrocarbons, oxygen
concentration, information to determine
moisture content, and combustion
temperatures.
The total hydrocarbons concentration
and oxygen concentration in the exit gas
from a sewage sludge incinerator stack.
the information used to measure
moisture content in the exit gas, and the
combustion temperatures for the sewage
sludge incinerator shall be monitored
continuously.
(c) Air pollution control device
operating parameters.
The frequency of monitoring for the
sewage sludge incinerator air pollution
control device operating parameters
shall be specified by the permitting
authority.
(Approved by the Office of Management and
Budget under control number 2040-0157)
110X47
(a) The person who fires aewage
sludge in a aewage sludge incinerator
shall develop the information in
$ 503.47(b) through $ 503.47(n) and
shall retain that information for five
yean.
(b) The concentration of lead, arsenic,
cadmium, chromium, and nickel in the
aewage sludge fed to the aewage sludge
incinerator.
(c) The total hydrocarbons
concentrations in the exit gas from the
sewage sludge incinerator stack.
(d) Information that indicates the
requirements in the National Emission
Standard for beryllium in subpart C of
40 CFR part 61 are met.
(e) Information that indicates the
requirements in the National Emission
Standard for mercury in subpart E of 40
CFR part 61 are met.
(f) The combustion temperatures,
including the maximum combustion
temperature, for the sewage sludge
incinerator.
(g) Values for the air pollution control
device operating parameters.
(h) The oxygen concentration and
information used to measure moisture
content in the exit gas from the aewage
sludge incinerator stack.
(i) The sewage sludge feed rate.
(j) The stack height for the aewage
sludge incinerator.
(k) The dispersion factor for the site
where the sewage sludge incinerator is
located.
(1) The control efficiency for lead,
arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and
nickel for each aewage sludge
incinerator.
(m) The risk specific concentration for
chromium calculated using equation (6),
if applicable.
(n) A calibration and maintenance log
for the instruments used to measure the
total hydrocarbons concentration and
oxygen concentration in the exit gas
from the sewage sludge incinerator
stack, the information needed to
determine moisture content in the exit
gas, and the combustion temperatures.
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9404 Federal Register / Vol. 58, No. 32 / Friday. February in,
(Approved by the Office of Management and
Budget under control number 2040-0157)
1803.48 nepertkne.
QMS I sludge management facilities,
POTWs (as defined in 40 CFR 501.2)
with a design flow rate equal to or
greater than one million gallons per day,
and POTWs that serve a population of
10,000 people or greater shall submit
the information in $ 503.47(b) through
$ 503.47(h) to the permitting authority
on February 19 of each year.
(Approved by the Office of Management and
Budget under control number 2O40-0157)
Appendix A to Pert 803 Procedure to
Determine the Annual Whole Sludge
Application Rale for • Sewage Sludge
Section $03.13(aM4)(il) requires that the
product of the concentration for each
pollutant listed in Table 4 of $ 503.13 in
aewaga sludge sold or given away in a bag
or other container far application to the land
and the annual whole sludge application rate
(AWSAR) for the sewage sludge not cause the
annual pollutant loading rate for the
pollutant in Table 4 of $ 503.13 to be
exceeded. This appendix «*«*»tn« the
procedure used to determine the AWSAR for
a sewage sludge that does not cause the
annual pollutant loading rates in Table 4 of
$503.13 to be exceeded.
The relationship between the annual
pollutant loading rate (APLR) for a pollutant
and the annual whole sludge application rate
(AWSAR) for la sewage sludge is shown in
equation (1).
APLR-CxAWSARxO.001 (1)
Where:
APUU Annual pollutant loading rate in
kilograms per hectare per 365 day
period.
OPolluUnt concentration in milligrams.
per kilogram of total solids (dry weight
basis).
AWSARmAnnutl whole sludge application
rate in metric tons per hectare per 365
day period (dry weight basis).
0.001'A conversion factor.
To determine the AWSAR. equation (1) is
rearranged into equation (2):
3. The AWSAR for the aewage sludge Is the
lowest AWSAR calculated In
sewage si
id in Step
2.
Appendix Bte Part Ml Peaegee
AWSAR»-
APLR
CxO.001
(2)
The procedure used to determine the
AWSAR for a sewage sludge is presented
below.
Procedure:
1. Analyze a sample of the aewage sludge
to determine the concentration far each of the
pollutants listed in Table 4 of § 503.13 in the
sewage sludge.
2. Using the pollutant concentrations from
Step 1 and the APLR* from Table 4 of
§ 503.13. calculate an AWSAR for each
pollutant using equation (2) above.
A. Processes to Significantly Reduce
Pathogens (PSRP)
1. Aerobic digestion—Sewage sludge Is
agitated with air or oxygen to maintain
aerobic conditions for a specific mean call
residence time at a specific temperature.
Values for the mean cell residence time and
temperature shall be between 40 days at 20
degrees Celsius and 60 days at 15 degrees
Celsius.
2. Air drying—Sewage sludge is dried on
sand beds or on paved or unpaved basins.
The sewage sludge dries for a minimum of
three months. During two of the three
months, the ambient average daily
temperature is above zero degrees Celsius.
3. Anaerobic digestion—Sewage sludge Is
treated in the absence of air for a specific
mean cell residence time at a specific
temperature. Values for the mean cell
residence time and temperature shall be
between 15 days st 35 to 55 degrees Celsius
and 60 days at 20 degrees Celsius.
4. Composting—Using either the within-
vessel, static aerated pile, or windrow
composting methods, the temperature of the
sewage sludge is raised to 40 degrees Celsius
or higher and remains at 40 degrees Celsius
or higher for five days. For four hours during
the five days, the temperature in the compost
pile exceeds 55 degrees Celsius.
5. Lime stabilisation—Sufficient lime is
added to the sewage sludge to raise the pH
of the sewage sludge to 12 after two hours of
contact.
B. Processes to Further Reduce Pathogens
(PFRP)
1. Composting—Using either the within-
vessel composting method or the static
aerated pile composting method, the
temperature of the sewage sludge is
maintained at 55 degrees Celsius or higher
for three days.
Using the windrow composting method.
the temperature of the sewage sludge to
maintained at 55 degrees or higher for 15
days or longer. During the period when the
compost is maintained at 55 degrees or
higher, there shall be a minimum of five
turnings of the windrow.
2. Heat drying—Sewage sludge to dried by
direct or indirect contact with hot gases to
reduce the moisture content of the sewage
sludge to 10 percent or tower. Either the
temperature of the sewage sludge particles
exceeds 80 degrees Celsius or the wet bulb
temperature of the gas in contact with the
sewage sludge as the sewage sludge leaves
the dryer exceeds 80 degrees Celsius.
3. Heat treatment—Liquid sewage sludge to
heated to a temperature of 180 degree*
Celsius or higher for 30 minutes.
4. Thermophilic aerobic digestion—Liquid
sewage sludge to agitated with ah- or oxygen
to maintain aerobic conditions and the moan
cell residence time of the sewage sludge to 10
days at 55 to 60 degrees Celsius.
5. Beta ray irradiation—Sewage sludge to
irradiated with beta rays from an accelerator
at dosages of at least 1.0 megarad at room
temperature (ca. 20 degrees Celsius).
6. Gamma ray irradiation—Sewage sludge
to Irradiated with gamma rays from certain
isotopes, such as Cobalt 60 and Cesium 137,
at room temperature (ca. 20 degrees Celsius).
7. Pasteurisation—The temperature of the
sewage sludge to maintained at 70 degrees
Celsius or higher for 30 minutes or longer.
(PR Doc. 93-2 Filed 2-18-03; 8:45 am)
stojMO coot saas si m
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AOENCY
40 CFR Peru 122, 123, end 501
[FFU.-4615-7]
National Pollutant Dlachsrge
Elimination System Sewage Sludge
Permit Regulatlone; State Sludge
Management Program Requlrementa
MENCY: Environmental Protection
Agency.
ACTON: Final rule; technical
amendment.
SUMMARY: Under existing regulations
that establish sewage sludge permitting
and State sewage sludge program
requirements, approximately 20,000
publicly owned treatment works and
other treatment works treating domestic
sewage are required to submit permit
applications within 120 days after the
promulgation of standards applicable to
their sewage sludge use or disposal
practice(s). The final sewage sludge use
and disposal standards will be
published in the Federal Register on or
near the same date as this final rule. To
facilitate the management of these
applications, on May 27. 1992. EPA
proposed to revise these rules to stagger
the submission of permit applications.
Additionally, EPA proposed to extend
the time period during which the initial
set of applications must be submitted
from 120 days to 180 days after
promulgation of the technical standards.
In response to comments received on
the May 27, 1992. proposal. EPA is
issuing a final rule which requires
permit applications in phases and
extends the time period in which the
initial applications are due following
the publication of the final use or
disposal standards.
On July 28, 1986. EPA promulgated
final regulations for application
requirements for facilities that discharge
only non-process wastewater. which
resulted in internal recodification of
$ 122.21. Conforming changes were not
made to § 123.25(a)(4) which refers to
the relevant portions of section 122.
These technical corrections are being
made as part of this rule.
E DATE: The effective date of
this final rule is March 22. 1993.
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ATTACHMENT B
PR Notice of Part 503 THC/CO Amendment (2/25/94)
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Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 38 / Friday, February 25. 1994 / Rules and Regulations 9095
submitted and determined to be
adequate and upon request by
DowElanco, the Agency will take
appropriate steps to make the tolerances
permanent.
The available data do not support a
change in the U.S. use pattern for the
crops listed above. If such a change is
desired, additional residue data
generated in the U.S. must be submitted.
There was one comment received in
response to the proposed rule. The
comment supported the proposed rule.
Therefore, based on the information
considered by EPA and discussed in
detail in the December 28,1993
proposal and in this final rule, the
Agency is hereby establishing the
tolerance revisions in 40 CFR 180.342
for residues of chlorpyrifos in or on the
following raw agricultural commodities:
nectarines, peaches, pears, and plums.
Any person adversely affected by this
regulation may, within 30 days after
publication of this document in the
Federal Register, file written objections
and/or a request for a hearing with the
Hearing Clerk, at the address given
above (40 CFR 178.20). The objections
submitted must specify the provisions
of the regulation deemed objectionable
and the grounds for the objections (40
CFR 178.25). Each objection must be
accompanied by the fee prescribed by
40 CFR 180.33(i). If a hearing is
requested, the objections must include a
statement of the factual issue(s) on
which the hearing is requested, the
requestor's contentions must include a
statement of factual contentions on each
issue and a summary of any evidence
relied upon by the objector (40 CFR
178.27). A request for a hearing will be
granted if the Administrator determines
that the material submitted shows the
following: There is a genuine and
substantial issue of fact; there is a
reasonable possibility that available
evidence identified by the requestor
would, if established, resolve one or
more of such issues in favor of the
requestor, taking into account
uncontested claims or facts to the
contrary; and the resolution of the
factual issue(s) in the manner sought by
the requestor would be adequate to
justify the action requested (40 CFR
178.32).
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR
51735, Oct. 4,1993). the Agency must
determine whether the regulatory action
is "significant" and therefore subject to
review by the Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) and the requirements of
the Executive Order. Under section 3(0,
the order defines a "significant
regulatory action" as an action that is
likely to result in a rule (1) having an
annual effect on the economy of $100
million or more, or adversely and
materially affecting a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition.
jobs, the environment, public health or
safety, or State, local, or tribal
governments or communities (also
referred to as "economically
significant"); (2) creating serious
inconsistency or otherwise interfering
with an action taken or planned by
another agency; (3) materially altering
the budgetary impacts of entitlement,
grants, use fees, or loan programs or the
rights and obligations of recipients
thereof; or (4) raising novel legal or
policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or
the principles set forth hi this Executive
Order.
Pursuant to the terms of the Executive
Order, EPA has determined that this
rule is not "significant" and is therefore
not subject to OMB review.
Pursuant to the requirements of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act (Pub. L. 96-
354.94 Stat. 1164. 5 U.S.C 601-612).
the Administrator has determined that
regulations establishing new tolerances
or raising tolerance levels or
establishing exemptions from tolerance
requirements do not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities. A certification
statement to this effect was published in
the Federal Register of May 4.1981 (46
FR 24950).
List of Subject* in 40 CFR Part 180
Environmental protection.
Administrative practice and procedure.
Agricultural commodities. Pesticides
and pests. Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
Dated: February 10.1994.
DougU*D.C«Bpt,
Director, Office of Pesticide Programs.
Therefore. 40 CFR part 180 is
amended as follows:
PART 180-{AMENDED]
l. The authority citation for part 180
continues to read as follows:
Authority: 21 U.S.C. 346a and 371.
2. Li § 180.342. by amending
paragraph (c) by removing the entries in
the table therein for nectarines, peaches.
pears, and plums and by adding new
paragraph (e). to read as follows:
f 180342 CMwpyiWoa; Memoes for
in or on the following raw agricultural
commodities:
Parts per ntton
Convnodtty
UntHJan.
28.1996
After Jan.
28.1996
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
(FR Doc 94-4379 Filed 2-24-94: 8:45 am)
(e) Tolerances are established as
follows for residues of the insecticide
chlorpyrifos lO.Odiethyl O-(3.5.6-
trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate)
40 CFR Part 503
[FRL-4M2-8]
Standards for the Use or Disposal of
Sewage Sludge
AGENCY: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION; Final rule.
SUMMARY: On November 25.1992.
pursuant to section 405 of the Clean
Water Act (CWA). EPA promulgated a
regulation to protect public health and
the environment from reasonably
anticipated adverse effects of certain
pollutants in sewage sludge (February
19.1993). This regulation established
requirements for the final use or
disposal of sewage sludge when: (l) The
sludge is applied to the land either to
condition the soil or to fertilize crops
grown in the soil; (2) the sludge is
disposed on land by placing it in surface
disposal sites; and (3) the sludge is
incinerated. Today's action amends this
regulation with respect to two aspects of
the rule pending EPA's reconsideration
of certain issues. The issues under
revaluation concern the appropriate
pollutant limits for molybdenum in
sewage sludge when land applied and
the requirement for certain sewage
sludge incinerators to monitor
incinerator emissions continuously for
total hydrocarbons (THC).
EFFECTIVE DATE: February 19.1994.
FOR FURTHER MFORMATON CONTACT:
Alan Hais. Chief. Sludge Risk
Assessment Branch, Health and
Ecological Criteria Division (4304).
Office of Science and Technology. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. 401
M Street, SW., Washington. DC 20460,
telephone (202) 260-5389.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
A. Authority
Today's rule is being promulgated
under the authority of section 405 of the
Clean Water Act (CWA). Section 40">fd)
requires EPA to establish management
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Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 38 / Friday. February 25. 1994 / Rules and Regoiations
practices and numerical limits adequate
to protect public health and the
intt reasonably
anticipated adverse effects of toxic
pollutants in sewage sludge. Section
405(e) prohibits any person from
np of tliiHgp from a publicly-
owned treatment works or other
treatment works treating domestic
sewage except in compliance with the
section 405 regulations.
B. Amendment of Pellulant Limits for
Molybdenum When Land Applied
On November 25, 1992, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency
promulgated, pursuant to section 405 of
the Clean Water Act. Standards for the
Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge (40
CFR part S03) published in the Federal
Register on February 19. 1993 (58 FR
924B). This regulation establishes-
requirements for the final use or
disposal of sewage sludge that are
codified at 40 CFR part 503. By letter
dated May 25. 1993. Climax Metals
Company filed a petition with the
Agency asking that EPA reconsider the
molybdenum pollutant limits for sewage
sludge when it is applied to the land
and to stay the February 19, 1994.
compliance date for these pollutant
limits pending reconsideration.
Subsequently, on June 25. 1993. Climax
Metals Company. American Mining
Congress. The Cbem-Met Company.
Eastern Technologies. Inc., Gulf Coast
Chemical. Jamestown Chemical
Company. Inc., Midland Research Labs.
Inc.. and North Metals and Chemical
Company, generators or users of
molybdenum, filed a petition with the
United States Court of Appeals for the
10th Circuit seeking review of the land
application pollutant limits for
molybdenum in the part 503 Rule. This
petition for review was subsequently
transferred to the O.C Circuit.
The molybdenum cumulative
pollutant loading rate (CPLR)
promulgated at Table 2 of § 503.13 in
the final part 503 rule is 16 kg of
molybdenum per hectare of land. The
CPLR was determined from Pathway 6
of the land application risk assessment.
Pathway 6 evaluates the amount of a
pollutant in sewage sludge that is
protective of livestock and wild animals
that consume plants grown on sludge-
amended soil. In the case of
molybdenum, the CPLR is designed to
protect cattle from molybdenosis. The
major concern that Climax and others
have brought to the Agency's attention
is related to the studies used to assess
exposure conditions and the exposure
assumptions for the establishment of the
molybdenum CPLR for land application
of sewage sludge. In particular. Climax
and others questioned tna use of the
data from the Pienynski and Jacobs
(1986) study to determine the crap
uptake slope used in the Pathway 6 risk
assessment. These interested parties
state that this approach results in an
overprotective molybdenum limit
because the sludges uaed in the study
were highly contaminated with
molybdenum (1500 mg molybdenum
per kg of sewage sludge, while sewage
sludge usually contains 4O mg/kg) and
because the Pierzynski and Jacobs data
were inappropriately weighted with
data from only one other study (Soon
and Bates. 1985).
EPA has reviewed Climax's request
and has evaluated additional data and
additional information submitted by
Climax supporting a different crop
uptake slope for molybdenum. Based on
this preliminary evaluation. EPA is
amending part 503 to delete the
molybdenum pollutant limits in Tables
2, 3. and 4 of § 503.13 pending its
reconsideration of appropriate
molybdenum pollutant limits EPA's
preliminary review of the data indicates
the appropriateness of reevaluation of
the cumulative pollutant loading rate for
molybdenum established in Table 2 of
§ 503.13 of the February 19.1993 rule.
Because the molybdenum cumulative
pollutant loading rate is used to develop
the molybdenum pollutant
concentration limit and annual
pollutant loading rate in Tables 3 and 4
of § 503.13. respectively. EPA is also
amending these tables to remove the
molybdenum pollutant limits.
As noted, the molybdenum limits in
Tables 2. 3 and 4 were determined from
a risk assessment of Pathway 6 and are
designed to protect animals consuming
feed crops grown on sludge-amended
soil from molybdenosis. Specifically.
EPA, using a mathematical algorithm.
calculated what quantity of
molybdenum in sewage sludge per
hectare of land could be added to the
soil without resulting in exceeding the
threshold in crops fed to domesticated
animals that is associated with
molybdenosis. That calculation is
dependent on three variables. These are
the threshold level of molybdenum in
feed crops associated with
molvbdenosis, the background level of
molybdenum in feed crops and the
relationship between molybdenum
added to the soil from sewage sludge
and the resulting level in feed crops.
EPA has reviewed the data it used to
establish the molybdenum limits.
information submitted by Gimax and
others and additional information the
Agency has obtained. EPA has
concluded that the molybdenum timits
are highly sensitive to bow the
molybdenoiB data base used in the part
503 regulation was treated. An example
illustrates why the data an sensitive to
A» method vsed in the calculation.
Assume that two field studies am used
to calculate the uptake of molybdenum
by ieedcnopsf^own on sludge-amended
soil One study shows km molybdenum
uptake levels while the second snows
high uptake. If the study with low
molybdenum uptake levels includes
only three data points while the study
showing high uptake contains 20 data
points, calculation of a single uptake
value from the studies will differ
depending on how the data points in the
individual studies are treated. If all data
points are weighted equally, then the
results will be most heavily influenced
by the high uptake data points.
Contrarily. if the results are averaged for
each study separately and then the
studies, rather than data points,
weighted equally, the influence of the
high uptake data is mitigated.
Given the limited number of studies
relied npon for the part 503
molybdenum limits and the resulting
sensitivity of the results to the method
adopted for weighting data points in
those studies. EPA determined that it
should reconsider these limits. A
preliminary review of additional field
studies suggests that use of data from
sewage sludge thet is highly
contaminated by molybdenum may
yield results that couid overpredict crop
uptake and background molybdenum
levels in feed crops at the lower levels
of molybdenum required by part 503.
This leads the Agency to conclude that
the limits adopted in Tables 2. 3, and 4
may be more restrictive than required to
protect public hearth and the
environment because of both an
inappropriately high background
molybdenum level in feed crops and
molybdenum uptake rate. This
information has led the Agency to
conclude that it should reevaluate its
determination of the molybdenum
pollutant limits for huid application of
sewage slndge.
EPA has concluded that amending its
regulation to delete the currant land
application molybdenum pollutant
limits pending reconsideration will not
adversely affect public health and the
environment for the following reasons.
First, EPA is not modifying the ceiling
concentration limit for molybdenum (75
milligrams per kilogram of sewage
sludge on a dry weight basis) in Table
1 of § 503.13. Sewage sludge that is land
applied most have a molybdenum
concentration equal to or less than this
limit. Sewage sludge that exceeds this
level cannot be land applied. Under a
worst case scenario of 75 milligrams of
-------
Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 38 / Friday. February 25. 1994 / Rules and Regulations 9097
molybdenum per kilogram of dry
sewage sludge, if sewage sludge is
applied at a rate of 10 metric tons of
sewage sludge (dry weight basis) per
hectare of land annually, it would take
24 yean to reach the cumulative
pollutant load of 18 kilograms per
hectare for molybdenum—the CPLR
adopted in Table 2 of § 503.13 in the
final rule. Because EPA plans to propose
and promulgate a new molybdenum
cumulative pollutant loading rate in the
near future, a new molybdenum
pollutant concentration limit and a new
annual pollutant loading rate (APLR),
even if EPA concludes the same or
lower limits are necessary to protect
public health and the environment, the
likelihood that the molybdenum in
sewage sludge applied to the land
during the time EPA reevaluates the
molybdenum CPLR would harm public
health and the environment is extremely
low.
Similarly, under this worst case
scenario, sewage sludge sold or given
away in a bag or other container for
application to the land (e.g.. for use on
lawns or home gardens) is limited to an
annual application rate of 12 dry metric
tons per hectare. This application rate is
calculated based on the ceiling.
concentration of 75 mg molybdenum
per kg of dry sewage sludge and the
annual pollutant loading rate of 0.9 kg
per hectare per 365 day period listed in
Table 4 of § 503.13. Application rates
above this amount would cause an
exceedence of the molybdenum annual
pollutant loading rate. However, the
molybdenum pollutant limit on which
the APLR is based is designed to protect
animals consuming forage grown on
sludge amended soils from
molybdenum toxicity. The likelihood of
cattle consuming feed crops grown on a
la;vn or home garden is small. In the
multi-pathway risk assessment, the next
most limiting pathway for molybdenum
is Pathway 3. the ingestion of pure
sewage sludge by a toddler. Pathway 3
is a more realistic concern for sewage
sludge sold or given away in a bag or
other container. The pollutant limit for
this pathway is 400 milligrams of
molybdenum per kilogram of dry
sewage sludge, well above the ceiling
concentration limit of 75 mg
molybdenum per kg of dry sewage
sludge. Because sewage sludge cannot
be applied to the land if the
molybdenum concentration is greater
than 75 mg molybdenum per kg of dry.
sewage sludge, the toddler who may
inadvertently ingest sewage sludge is
protected during the time the Agency
reconsiders the molybdenum pollutant
limits. Therefore, today's amendments
to the pollutant limits in Tables 2. 3.
and 4 of § 503.13 will not threaten
public health or the environment for
land application of either bulk sewage
sludge sold or sewage sludge sold or
given away in a bag or other container.
C Modification of the Applicability of
the Continuous Emission Monitoring
Requirements for Total Hydrocarbons
for Certain Incinerators
On July 17, 1993. Gloucester County
Utilities. Stony Brook Regional
Sewerage Authority, Township of
Wayne, Pequannock. Lincoln Park and
Fairfield Sewerage Authority, Somerset
Raritan Valley Sewerage Authority,
Bayshore Regional Sewerage Authority,
and the State of New Jersey filed a
petition with the D.C Circuit seeking
review of the part 503 regulation. These
petitioners challenged, among other
things the failure of the part 503
regulation to allow site-specific sewage
sludge incinerator tmiitiri"1** limits and
easily achieve a 100 ppm THC
operational standard, hi these
circumstances, EPA determined that
requiring such incinerators to install
and maintain rnntinMtmy THC monitors
the failure to allow State-imposed
emissions limitations, including
monitoring and reporting requirements,
to replace the part 503 requirements.
The petitioners argue that the
requirements to demonstrate
compliance with a 100 ppm total
hydrocarbon (THC) operational standard
through continuous monitoring of THC
emissions should be changed.
Currently, the State of New Jersey
requires that the exit gas from the
petitioners' sewage sludge incinerators
meet a 100 ppm carbon monoxide (CO)
limit corrected for zero percent moisture
and to seven percent oxygen. The State
also requires the petitioners to monitor
the exit gas continuously for CO. For
these reasons, the petitioners asked for
relief from the requirement to monitor
THC continuously. To demonstrate
compliance with the 100 ppm THC
operational standard, the incinerator
management practices in § 503.45(a)
require installation of a continuous
equipment THC monitor. In the
petitioners' view, installation of this
instrument is not needed because any
sewage sludge incinerator complying
with State of New Jersey 100 ppm
emissions limitation and continuous CO
monitoring requirements will comply
with the 100 ppm THC operational
standard. c
EPA concluded that it is appropriate
to reconsider its requirement for the
continuous monitoring of THC in the
case of certain incinerators. Based on a
reassessment of information on THC
emissions and CO emissions from
certain types of sewage sludge
incinerators. EPA has preliminary
determined that incinerators that meet a
100 ppm CO emission limitation will
was unduly burdensome anf* wasteful
and would not result in increased
environmental benefits. Accordingly,
EPA finds there is good cause to amend
its regulation, effective immediately, to
authorize the demonstration of
compliance with the 100 ppm THC
operational standard by meeting a 100
ppm CO limit and by monitoring the
exit gas continuously for CO during the
interim period of reconsideration.
Therefore, EPA is today issuing a final
rule amending the applicability*
provision of the part 503 — subpart E —
Incineration to modify the applicability
of certain management practices,
frequency of monitoring requirements
and recordkeeping requirements for
sewage sludge incinerators meeting
certain conditions.
As a result of the amendment, the
following requirements will not apply to
sewage sludge incinerators meeting
defined conditions: the management
practice in §503.45(a); the frequency of
monitoring requirements for THC
concentration in § 503.46(b); and the
recordkeeping requirements for THC
concentration in § 503.47 (c) and (n).
The management practice in 503.45(a)
requires the installation of a continuous
emissions monitor for total
hydrocarbons. The monitoring
requirements of § 503.46(b) concern
THC concentration in the exit gas. The
recordkeeping requirements in § 503.47
(c) and (n) deal with the total
hydrocarbons concentration in the exit
gas from the sewage sludge incinerator
stack and with a calibration and
maintenance log for THC concentration
in the exit gas.
The requirements outlined above do
not apply to sewage.sludge incinerators
in the following circumstances. The
sewage sludge incinerator must achieve
a CO concentration in the exit gas of 100
ppm (monthly average) or lower,
corrected for zero percent moisture and
to seven percent oxygen. The
incinerator owner/operator also must
monitor the exit gas continuously for
CO. keep records on the CO emissions,
and. in certain cases, report the monthly
average CO concentration annually to
the permitting authority.
EPA concluded then is good cause for
taking today's action because current
data support the petitioners' assertion
that the THC concentration in the exit
gas from the sewage sludge incinerators
described above will comply with the
100 ppm (monthly average) THC
operational standard in part 503 when
-------
9098 Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 36 / Friday, February 25, 1994 / Rules and Regulations
the monthly average CO concentration
in the exit gas is equal to or less than
100 ppm.
D. Procedural Requirements
EPA has reviewed the two requests
discussed above and concluded that: (1)
The molybdenum CPLR, pollutant
concentration limit, and APLR for land
application should be reconsidered
based on the new information, and (2)
the THC operational standard in
§ 503.44(c) will be achieved if a CO
limit of 100 ppm is met. Accordingly.
EPA is today taking final action
amending its part 503 regulation. EPA's
action amends the molybdenum
pollutant limits for land application in
Tables 2.*S, and 4 of § 503.13 and the
applicability of various part 503
requirements related to THC in § 503.45,
§ 503.46. and § 503.47 for certain
incinerators until such time as the
Agency has an opportunity to study
these issues further. At the completion
of the studies, EPA will decide whether
to propose new molybdenum pollutant
limits and whether further amendments
to part 503 are needed concerning the
monitoring of CO to demonstrate
compliance with the THC operational
standard in lieu of monitoring THC
continuously.
Section 553 of the Administrative
Procedures Act provides that when an
agency for good cause finds that notice
and public procedure are impracticable,
unnecessary or contrary to the public
interest, it may first issue a rule without
providing notice and comment. In
addition, the agency may make the rule
effective immediately. EPA has
concluded here that it should both
amend its part 503 regulation as
described without providing for notice
and comment and make these changes
effective immediately.
I. Notice and Comment
By today's action, the Agency avoids
the possibility that some treatment
works treating domestic sewage would
be required to comply with certain
numerical limits for molybdenum in
sewage sludge that is land applied. The
Agency has concluded at this juncture
that these limits may be too stringent
and consequently should be
reconsidered. Given the pendency of the
compliance deadline for the land
application requirements, it would be
impracticable to provide notice and
comment. Further, the public interest
would suffer to the extent that treatment
works treating domestic sewage
incurred increased costs associated with
compliance with requirements that the
Agency determines are not needed to
protect public health and the
environment. Given the retention of the
ceiling limit on molybdenum in sewage
sludge which may be applied to the
land. EPA has concluded that public
health and the environment will be
adequately protected while the Agency
is reconsidering what are the
appropriate molybdenum limits for
Tables 2.3 and 4 of § 503.13.
Further, in the case of the
amendments to the requirements for
sewage sludge incinerators, the Agency
has similarly concluded that notice and
comment is impracticable and contrary
to the public interest. EPA has
concluded that the public interest will
suffer if sewage sludge incinerators that
achieve a 100 ppm CO level, as
demonstrated by continuous CO
monitoring, are also required to install
THC monitors. Based on its evaluation.
EPA has concluded that, if incinerators
are meeting a 100 ppm CO level, the
likelihood is substantial that such
incinerators are well below the 100 ppm
THC operational standard. Given this
information and the fact that the
obligation for many of these incinerators
to achieve a 100 ppm or lower CO
standard and monitor continuously
antedated the promulgation of the 100
ppm THC operational standard, EPA has
concluded that the public interest does
not support installation of THC
monitors for such incinerators pending
Agency reconsideration.
2. Effective Date
Under section 405 of the CWA, EPA's
sewage sludge regulation must require
compliance with the regulation as
expeditiously as practicable but in no
case later than 12 months after its
publication, unless such regulation
requires construction of new pollution
control facilities, in which case the
regulation must require compliance
expeditiously. but not later than two
years from publication. The part 503
regulation was effective on March 22.
1993. In the case of the molybdenum
pollutant limits and the continuous
monitoring requirements for THC. the
regulation required compliance by
February 19.1994. Because of the
potential adverse effect on public
interest noted above, the Agency has
determined there is good cause for
making this regulation effective
immediately.
E. Regulatory Requirements
1. Executive Order 12866
Executive Order 12866 requires EPA
to prepare an assessment of the costs
and benefits of any "significant
regulatory action." Because the effect of
today's rule is to modify current
requirements and provide additional
flexibility to the regulated community,
costs to the regulated community
should be reduced or at least remain
unchanged. Consequently, no
assessment of costs and benefits is
required.
2. Regulatory Flexibility Act
Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility
Act. 5 U.S.C. 601-612, whenever an
agency is required to publish a General
Notice of Rulemaking for any proposed
or final rule, it must prepare and make
available for public comment a
regulatory flexibility analysis that
describes the impact of the rule on small
entities (i.e.. small businesses, small
organizations, and small governmental
jurisdictions). No regulatory flexibility
analysis is required, however, if the
head of the Agency certifies that the rule
will not have a significant impact on a
substantial number of small entities.
This action to modify the part 503
regulation promulgated today is
deregulatory in nature and thus will
only provide beneficial opportunities
for entities that may be affected by the
rule. Accordingly, I certify that this
regulation will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities. This
regulation, therefore, does not require a
regulatory flexibility analysis.
3. Paperwork Reduction Act
There are no reporting, notification, or
recordkeeping (information) provisions
in this rule. Such provisions, were they
included, would be submitted for
approval to the Office of Management .
and Budget (OMB) under the Paperwork
Reduction Act. 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 503
Environmental protection. Frequency
of monitoring, Incineration, Land
application. Management practices.
Pathogens. Pollutants, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements. Sewage
sludge, Surface disposal and Vector
attraction reduction.
Dated: February 18.1994.
Carol M. Browser,
Administrator
For the reasons set out in the
preamble, pan 503 of title 40 of the
Code of Federal Regulations is amended
as set forth below:
1. The authority citation for part 503
continues to read as follows:
Authority: Sections 405 (d) and (e) of the
Clean Water Act. as amended by Pub. L. 95-
217. Sec. 54(d), 91 Slat. 1591 (33 U.S.C 1345
(d) and (e)): and Pub. L. 100-4. Title IV. Sec.
406 (a), (b). 101 Slat.. 71. 72 (33 U.S.C 1251
et seq.}.
-------
Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 38 / Friday. February 25. 1994 / Rules and Regulations 9099
2. Section 503.13 is amended by
revising paragraphs (b)(2). (b)(3). and
(b)(4) to read as follows:
$50X13 PoHutantlMta.
&>)•••
(2) Cumulative pollutant loading
rates.
TABLE 2 OF §503.13.—CUMULATIVE
POLLUTANT LOADING RATES
PoMant
Arsenic
Cadmium , ,
Copper -,,„ ,,. __, .
Lead
M*y
Nickel
$4feniufTt ....,..,...„,.... .......,,
Zinc _ „_
Cumulative
loading me
(kilograms
per hectare)
41
39
3000
1500
300
17
420
100
2800
(3) Pollutant concentrations.
TABLE 3 OF §503.13.—POLLUTANT
CONCENTRATIONS
Petulant
Arsenic _.„„....__.„.„.„..__
Cadmium _
CofOf^WfT^ ......... J..............1.1......
Copper
Lead _ . _ .
Mercury -..„,.„. .,..,— ..,--
Nickel _
Selenium „_..._„_._....._„...._..
Zinc ................ „ ___
Monthly av-
erage con-
I^IHJMMJ* »
(MhjMiMBAMMT
nwNgiafns
per kilo-
gram)'
41
39
1200
1500
300
17
420
36
2800
' Dry weight basis.
(4) Annual pollutant loading rates.
TABLE 4 OF §503.13.—ANNUAL
POLLUTANT LOADING RATES
Pollutant
Arsenic ..--•„ ---„-.....
Cadmium ...„
fVvwMtr
Lead ...!,.... ..
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Zinc
Annual pollut-
ant loading
wrefluto-
grarnsper
hectare per
365 day pe-
riod)
2.0
1.9
150
75
15
0.85
21
5.0
140
5. Section 503.40 is amended by
adding paragraph (c) to read as follows:
• • * « •
(c) The management practice in
§ 503.45(a), the frequency of monitoring
requirement for total hydrocarbon
concentration in $ 503.46(b) and the
recordkeeping requirements for total
hydrocarbon concentration in
§ 503.47(c) and (n) do not apply if the
following conditions are met:
(1) The exit gas from a sewage sludge
incinerator stack is monitored
continuously for carbon monoxide.
(2) The monthly average
concentration of carbon monoxide in
the exit gas from a sewage sludge
incinerator stack, corrected for zero
percent moisture and to seven percent
oxygen, does not exceed 100 parts per
million on a volumetric basis.
(3) The person who fires sewage
sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator
retains the following information for
five years:
(i) The carbon monoxide
concentrations in the exit^gas; and
(ii) A calibration and maintenance log
for the instrument used to measure the
carbon monoxide concentration.
(4) Class 1 sludge management
facilities, POTWs (as defined in 40 CFR
501.2) with a design flow rate equal to
or greater than one million gallons per
day, and POTWs that serve a population
of 10,000 people or greater submit the
monthly average carbon monoxide
concentrations in the exit gas to the
permitting authority on February 19 of
each year.
|FR Doc. 94-4372 Filed 2-24-94; 8:45 am]
MLUNO COOC Mtt-M-P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Coast Quart
46 CFR Part 171
[COD 93-041]
R1N 211S-AO33
Domestic Passenger Varna* Damage
Stability Standard*
AGENCY: Coast Guard. DOT.
ACTON,: r^otice of partial suspension of
application.
SUMMARY: The Coast Guard announces
an indefinite suspension of the
application of 46 CFR 171.080ie).
Damage Stability Standards for
Inspected Passenger Vessels, for all
vessels not requiring a SOLAS
Passenger Ship Safety Certificate. The
suspension will allow time for
development of revised regulatory
requirements. This action is being taken
in response to a determination that there
are technical problems in meeting these
requirements for certain vessels,
especially those designed for service on
protected or partially-protected waters.
Suspending the effective date will
provide an opportunity to define the
extent of the problem and to consider
alternative regulations.
EFFECTIVE DATE: Effective February 25.
1994. the application of 46 CFR
170.210(e) is suspended indefinitely for
all vessels not requiring a SOLAS
Passenger Vessel Safety Certificate.
FOR FURTHER MFORMATON CONTACT: Ms.
P. L. Carrigan, Marine Technical and
Hazardous Materials Division (G-MTH-
3), room 1308. Coast Guard
Headquarters, 2100 Second Street SW..
Washington. DC 20593-0001. telephone:
(202) 267-2988. telefax: (202) 267-4816.
SUPPLEMENTARY MFORMATON:
Drafting Information
The principal persons involved in the
drafting of this notice are Ms. Patricia L,
Carrigan. Project Manager, Office of
Marine Safety, Security and
Environmental Protection and LT Ralph
L. Hetzel, Project Counsel, Office of
Chief Counsel.
Regulatory History
On February 13.1990, the Coast
Guard published a notice of proposed
rulemaking (NPRM) entitled Stability
Design and Operational Regulations in
the Federal Register (55 FR 5120).
During the NPRM 60-day comment
period, the Coast Guard received 28
letters commenting on the proposed
rulemaking. Only two of the 28 letters
received included comments on the new
damage stability standards for passenger
vessels.
On September 11.1992. the Coast
Guard published a final rule entitled
Stability Design and Operational
Regulations in the Federal Register (57
FR 41812) which adopted damage
stability requirements for new passenger
vessels from the proposed rule.
Following implementation of the final
rule, the Coast Guard received inquiries
on the appropriateness of the damage
stability standards in 46 CFR 171.080(e)
for certain types of new passenger
vessels.
On July 7.1993. the Coast Guard
published a notice in the Federal
Register to announce a public meeting
on August 5,1993 to discuss what
problems were being encountered in
complying with the standard and what
actions might be appropriate.
-------
ATTACHMENT C
40 CFR Part 60, Appendix B,
Sections 2, 3, and 6
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
Pt. 60, App. B, Spec 1
Y»cmAssumed mole fraction of HC (dry as
CH,)
»0.0088 for catalytic wood heaters;
«0.0132 for noncatalytic wood heaters.
-0.0080 for pellet-fired wood heaters.
0.280~Motecular weight of Nt or CO. divid-
ed by 100.
0.320-Molecular weight of O, divided by
100.
0.440. Molecular weight of CO, divided by
100.
42.5* Gram-moles of carbon in 1 kg of dry
wood amumlng 51 percent carbon by
weight dry basis (.0425 Ib/lb).
SlO.Grams of carbon in exhaust gas per kg
of wood burned.
1,000. Grams in 1 kg.
6.2 Dry Molecular Weight. Use Equation
28a-l to calculate the dry molecular weight
of the stack gas.
M«-0.440(%COi)+0.320(%O)i)+0.280(%N,+
%CO) Eq. 28a-l
Note The above equation does not consid-
er argon in air (about 0.9 percent, molecular
weight of 37.7). A negative error of about 0.4
percent is introduced. The tester may opt to
include argon in the analysis using proce-
dures subject to approval of the Administra-
tor.
6.3 Dry Moles of Exhaust Gas. Use Equa-
tion 28a-2 to calculate the total moles of
dry exhaust gas produced per kilogram of
dry wood burned.
42.5
Eq.28a-2
6.4 Air to Fuel Ratio. Use Equation 28a-3
to calculate the air to fuel ratio on a dry
mass basis.
A/F
(NTXM«)-(S10)
(1000)
Eq. 28a-3
6JJ Burn Rate. Calculate the fuel burn
rate as in Method 28. Section 8.3.
7. Biblioyraphv
Same as Method 3, Section 7. and Method
5H. Section 7.
[36 PR 24877. Dec. 23.1971]
EDITORIAL None For FEDERAL RBOISKR ci-
tations affecting pan 60. appendix A see the
List of CFR Sections in the Finding Aids
section of this volume.
APPENDIX B — PERFORMANCE
SPECIFICATIONS
Performance Specification 1— Specifications
and test procedures for opacity continu-
ous emission monitoring systems in sta-
tionary sources
•Performance Specification 2— Specif ications
and test procedures for SOt and NO,
continuous emission monitoring systems
in stationary sources
Performance Specification 3— Specif ications
and test procedures for O. and COt con-
tinuous emission monitoring systems in
stationary sources
Performance Specification 4— Specifications
and test procedures for carbon monox-
ide continuous emission monitoring sys-
tems in stationary sources
Performance Specification 4A— Specifica-
tions and test procedures for carbon
monoxide continuous emission monitor-
ing systems in stationary sources
Performance Specification 5— Specifications
and test procedures for TRS continuous
emission monitoring systems in station-
ary sources
Performance Specification 6— Specif ications
and test procedures for continuous emis-
sion rate monitoring systems in station-
ary .sources
Performance Specification 7— Specifications
and test procedures for hydrogen sulf ide
continuous emission monitoring systems
in stationary sources
SracxncATXoir 1— SracmcA-
TIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR OPACITY
CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONTTOUNC SYS-
TEMS IN STATIONARY SOURCES
1. Applicability and Principle
1.1 Applicability. This specification con-
tains requirements for the design, perform-
ance, and installation of instruments for
opacity continuous emission monitoring sys-
tems (CEMS's) and data computation proce-
dures for evaluating the acceptability of a
CEMS. Certain design requirements and
test procedures established in tHi« specifica-
tion may not apply to all Instrument de-
signs. In such instances, equivalent *****gf<
requirements and test procedures may be
used with prior approval of the Administra-
tor.
Performance Specification 1 (PS 1) ap-
plies to opacity monitors installed after
March 30. 1983. Opacity monitors installed
before March 30. 1983, are required to
comply with the provisions and require-
ments of PS 1 except for the following:
(a) Section 4. "Installation Specifica-
tions."
1091
-------
PI. 60, App. ft, Sp«c 2
40 CTR Ch. I (7-1-92 Edition)
d. Response below 400 nm, percent of
peak.
e. Total ancle of view, degrees.
f. Total angle of projection, degrees.
g. Results of optical alignment sight test
h. Serial number, month/year of manu-
facturer for unit actually tested to show
design conformance.
8.3 Performance Specification Test Re-
sults.
a. Calibration error, high-range, percent
opacity.
b. Calibration error, mid-range, percent
opacity.
c. Calibration error, low-range, percent
opacity.
d. Response time, seconds.
e. 24-hour sero drift, percent opacity.
f. 24-hour calibration drift, percent opaci-
ty.
g. Lens cleanings, clock time.
h. Optical alignment adjustments, clock
time.
9.4 Statements. Provide a statement that
the conditioning and operational test peri-
ods were completed according to the re-
quirements of Sections 7.3 %n^ 7.4. In this
statement, include the time periods during
which the conditioning and operational test
periods were conducted.
9J6 Appendix. Provide the data tabula-
tions and calculations for the above tabulat-
ed results.
10. Retett
If the CEMS operates within the specified
performance parameters of Table 1-1. the
PS tests will be successfully concluded. If
the CEMS fails one of the preliminary tests.
make the necessary corrections and repeat
the performance testing for the failed speci-
fication prior to conducting the operational
test period. If the CEMS fails to meet the
specifications for the operational test
period, make the necessary corrections and
repeat the operational test period: depend-
ing on the correction made, it may be neces-
sary to repeat the design and preliminary
performance tests.
11. Biblioffraphy
I, Experimental Statistics. Department
of Commerce. National Bureau of Standards
Handbook 91. Paragraph 3-3.1.4 1963. pp. 3-
31.
12. Performance Specifications for Sta-
tionary-Source Monitoring Systems for
Oases and Visible Emissions. UJB. Environ-
mental Protection Agency. Research Trian-
gle Park. NC. EPA-650/2-74-013. January
1974.
PsvoutAHcc SncincATioN 2—SncmcA-
TIOHS AMD TEST PBOCEBUBES FOR SOi AMD
NO, Comimrous EMISSION MONITORING
STSTSHS n STATIONARY Sotrxcxs
1. ApplicabUUy and Principle
1.1 Applicability. This specification is to
be used for evaluating the acceptability of
SOi and NO, continuous emission monitor-
ing systems (CEMS's) at the time of or soon
after installation and whenever specified in
the regulations. The CEMS may include, for
certain stationary sources, a diluent
-------
Environmental Protection Agoncy
Pt. 60, App. Br Spec. 2
2.4 Span Value. The upper limit of a gas
concentration measurement ranee specified
for affected source categories in the applica-
ble subpart of the regulations.
2.5 Relative Accuracy (RA). The absolute
mean difference between the gas concentra-
tion or emission rate determined by the
'CEMS and the value determined by the
RM's plus the 2.5 percent error confidence
coefficient o' a series of tests divided by the
mean of the RM tests or the applicable
emission limit.
2.6 Calibration Drift (CD). The differ-
ence in the CEMS output readings from the
established reference value after a stated
period of operation during which no un-
scheduled maintenance, repair, or adjust-
ment took place.
2.7 Centroidal Area. A concentric area
that is geometrically similar to the stack or
duct cross section and is no greater than 1
percent of the stack or duct cross-sectional
2.8 Representative Results. As defined by
the RM test procedure outlined in this spec-
ification.
3. Installation and Measurement Location
Specifications
3.1 The CEMS Installation and Measure-
ment Location. Install the CEMS at an ac-
cessible location where the pollutant con-
centration or emission rate measurements
are directly representative or can be correct-
ed so as to be representative of the total
emissions from the affected facility or at
the measurement location cross section.
Then select representative measurement
points or paths for monitoring in locations
that the CEMS will pass the RA test (see
Section 7). If the cause of failure to meet
the RA test is determined to be the meas-
urement location and a satisfactory correc-
tion technique cannot be established, the
Administrator may require the CEMS to be
relocated.
Suggested measurement locations and
points or paths that are most likely to pro-
vide data that will meet the RA require-
ments are listed below.
3.1.1 Measurement Location. It is sug-
gested that the measurement location be (1)
at least two equivalent diameters down-
stream from the nearest control device, the
point of pollutant generation, or other point
at which a change in the pollutant concen-
tration or emission rate may occur and (2)
at least a half equivalent diameter upstream
from the effluent exhaust or control device.
3.1.2. Point CEMS. It is suggested that
the measurement point be (1) no less than
1.0 meter from the stack or duct wall or (2)
within or centrally located over the centroi-
dal area of the stack or duct cross section.
3.1.3 Path CEMS. It is suggested that the
effective measurement path (1) be totally
within the inner area bounded by a line 1.0
meter from the stack or duct wall, or (2)
have at least 70 percent of the path within
the inner 50 percent of the stack or duct
cross-sectional area, or (3) be centrally lo-
cated over any pan of the centroidal area.
3.2 Reference Method (RM) Measure-
ment Location and Traverse Points. Select.
as appropriate, an accessible RM measure-
ment point at least two equivalent diame-
ters downstream from the nearest control
device, the point of pollutant generation, or
other point at which a change In the pollut-
ant concentration or emission rate may
occur, and at least a half equivalent diame-
ter upstream from the effluent exhaust or
control device. When pollutant concentra-
tion changes are due solely to diluent leak-
age (e.g., air heater leakages) and pollutants
and diluents are simultaneously measured
at the same location, a half diameter may
be used in lieu of two equivalent diameters.
The CEMS and RM locations need not be
the same.
Then select traverse points that assure ac-
quisition of representative samples over the
stack or duct cross section. The mintmntp
requirements are as follows: Establish a
"measurement line" that passes through
the centroidal area and in the direction of
any expected stratification. If this line
interferes with the CEMS measurements.
displace the line up to 30 cm (or 5 percent of
the equivalent diameter of the cross section.
whichever is less) from the centroidal area.
Locate three traverse points at 16.7. 50.0,
and 83.3 percent of the measurement line. If
the measurement line is longer than 2.4
meters and pollutant stratification is not ex-
pected, the tester may choose to locate the
three traverse points on the line at 0.4, 1.2,
and 2.0 meters from the stack or duct wall.
This option must not be used after wet
scrubbers or at points where two streams
with different pollutant concentrations are
combined. The tester may select other tra-
verse points, provided that they can be
shown to the satisfaction of the Administra-
tor to provide a representative sample over
the stack or duct cross section. Conduct all
necessary RM tests within 3 cm (but no less
than 3 cm from the stack or duct wall) of
the traverse points.
4. Performance and Equipment Specifica-
tions
4.1 Data Recorder Scale. The CEMS data
recorder response range must include zero
and a high-level value. The high-level value
is chosen by the source owner or operator
and is defined as follows:
For a CEMS intended to measure an un-
controlled emission (e.g., SOt measurements
at the inlet of a flue gas desulfurization
unit), the high-level value must be between
1.25 and 2 times the average potential emis-
sion level, unless otherwise specified in an
1109
-------
Ft. 60, App. B, SIMC. 2
40 CPU Ch. I (7-1-92 Edition)
applicable subpart of the regulations. For a
rriMfl installed to measure controlled emis-
sions or •MtagJftM that are in compliance
with an applicable regulation, the high-level
value must be between 1.S times the pollut-
ant concentration corresponding to the
emission standard level and the span value.
If a lower high-level value is used, the
source must have the capability of measur-
ing emission which exceed the full-scale
limit of the OEMS in accordance with the
requirements of applicable regulations.
The data recorder output must be estab-
lished so that the high-level value is read
between 90 and 100 percent of the data re-
corder full scale. (This scale requirement
may not oe applicable to digital data record-
ers.) The calibration gas. optical filter, or
cell values used to establish the data record-
er scale should produce the zero and high-
level values. Alternatively, a calibration gas.
optical filter, or cell value between 50 and
100 percent of the high-level value may be
used in place of the high-level value provid-
ed the data recorder full-scale requirements
as described above are met.
The OEMS design must also allow the de-
termination of calibration drift at the aero
and high-level values. If this is not possible
or practical, the design must allow these de-
terminations to be conducted at a low-level
value (zero to 20 percent of the hicb-level
value) and at a value between 50 rod 100
percent of the high-level value. In special
eases, if not already approved, the Adminis-
trator may approve a single-point calibra-
tion-drift determination.
C2 Calibration Drift. The GEMS calibra-
tion must not drift or deviate from the ref-
erence value of the gas cylinder, gas cell, or
optical filter by more than 13 percent of
the span value. If the CElfS includes pol-
lutant and diluent monitors, the calibration
drift must be determined separately for
each in terms of concentrations (see PS 3
for the diluent specifications).
4.3 The CEMS RA. The RA of the GEMS
must be no greater than 20 percent of the
mean value of the RM test data in terms of
the units of the emission standard or 10 per-
cent of the applicable standard, whichever
is greater. For SOi emission standards be-
tween 130 and M ng/J (0.30 and 0.20 Ib/mil-
1km Btu), use IS percent of the applicable
standard: below 86 ng/J (0.20 Ib/million
Btu). use 20 percent of emission standard.
5. Performance Specification Tett Procedure
5.1 Pretest Preparation. Install the
GEMS, prepare the RM test site according
to the specifications in Section 3. and pre-
pare the GEMS for operation according to
the manufacturer's written instructions.
5.2 Calibration Drift Test Period. While
the affected facility is operating at more
than 50 percent of normal load, or as speci-
fied in an applicable subpart, determine the
magnitude of the calibration drift (CD)
once each day (at 24-hour intervals) for 7
consecutive days according to the procedure
given in Section 6. To meet the requirement
of Section 4.2. none of the CD's must exceed
the specification,
5.3 RA Test Period. Conduct the RA test
according to the procedure given in Section
7 while the affected facility is operating at
more than 50 percent or normal load, or ss
specified in an applicable subpart. To meet
the specifications, the RA must be equal to
or less than 20 percent of the mean value of
the RM test data in terms of the units of
the emission standard or 10 percent of the
applicable standard, whichever is greater.
For instruments that use animism compo-
nents to measure more than one effluent
gas constituent, all channels must simulta-
neously pass the RA requirement, unless it
can be demonstrated that any adjustments
made to one channel did not affect the
others.
The RA test may be conducted during the
CD test period.
6. The CEMS Calibration Drift Tett Proce-
dure
The CD measurement is to verify the abil-
ity of the CEMS to conform to the estab-
lished CEMS calibration used for determin-
ing the emission concentration or emission
rate Therefore, if periodic automatic or
manual adjustments are made to the CEMS
sero and calibration settings, conduct the
CD test immediately before these adjust-
ments, or conduct it in such a way that the
CD can be determined.
Conduct the CD test at the two points
specified in Section 4.1. Introduce to the
CEMS the reference gases, gas fleifo, or opti-
cal filters (these need not be certified).
Record the CEMS response and subtract
this value from the reference value (see ex-
ample data sheet in Figure 2-1).
7. Relative Accuracy Tett Procedure
7.1 «*mpnng strategy for RM Tests.
Conduct the RM tests in such a way that
they will yield results representative of the
emissions from the source and can be corre-
lated to the CEMS data. Although it is pref-
erable to conduct the diluent (if applicable).
moisture (if needed), and pollutant meas-
urements simultaneously, the diluent and
moisture measurements that are taken
within a 30- to 60-minute period, which In-
cludes the pollutant measurements, may be
used to calculate dry pollutant concentra-
tion and emission rate.
In order to correlate the CEMS and RM
data properly, mark the beginning and end
of each RM test period of each run (includ-
ing the exact time of the day) on the CEMS
chart recordings or other permanent record
of output Use the following strategies for
the RM tests:
1110
-------
Kwironmontol Protection Agency
Pt. 60, App. B, Spec. 2
1.1.1 For integrated samples. e.g.,
6 and Method 4. make a sample tra-
of at least 21 minutes, sampling for 7
ttes at each traverse point.
1.2 For grab samples, e.g., Method 7,
one sample at each traverse point,
luling the grab samples so that they
taken simultaneously (within a 3-minute
) or are an equal interval of time
over a 21-minute (or less) period. A
run for grab samples must be made up
' at least three separate measurements.
INorr. At times, GEMS RA tests are con-
during new source performance
performance tests. In these cases.
results obtained during CEMS RA tests
be used to determine compliance as
as the source and test conditions are
it with the applicable regulations.
7.2 Correlation of RM and CEMS Data.
elate the CEMS and the RM test data
to the time and duration by first deter-
from the CEMS final output (the
used for reporting) the integrated aver-
• pollutant concentration or emission rate
each pollutant RM test period. Consider
response time, if important, and con-
that the pair of results are on a con-
tfstent moisture, temperature, and diluent
concentration basis. Then, compare each in-
tegrated CEMS value against the corre-
sponding average RM value. Use the follow-
ing guidelines to make these comparisons.
7.2.1 If the RM has an integrated sam-
pling technique, make a direct comparison
of the RM results and CEMS integrated av-
erage value.
7.2.2 If the RM has a grab sampling tech-
nique, first average the results from all grab
samples taken during the test run and then
compare this average value against the inte-
grated value obtained from the CEMS chart
recording or output during the run. If the
pollutant concentration is varying with time
over the run. the tester may choose to use
the arithmetic average of the CEMS value
recorded at the time of each grab sample.
7.3 Number of RM Tests. Conduct a min-
imum of nine sets of all necessary RM tests.
Conduct each set within a period of 30 to 60
minutes.
NOTE The tester may choose to perform
more than nine sets of RM tests. If this
option is chosen, the tester may. at his dis-
cretion, reject a m**
-------
Pt. 60, App. B, Sp«c 2
1*1-HOC!
•A-
fff
XWO
Where:
| d | = Absolute value of the mean of differ-
ences (from Equation 2-1).
i CC | = Absolute value of the confidence co-
efficient (from Equation 2-3).
ftM=Average RM value or applicable stand-
ard.
9. Reporting
At a minimum (check with the appropri-
ate regional office, or State, or local agency
for additional requirements, if any) summa-
rize in tabular form the results of the CD
tests and the relative accuracy tests or alter-
native RA procedure as appropriate. Include
all data sheets, calculations, charts (records
of CEMS responses), cylinder gas concentra-
tion certifications, and calibration cell re-
sponse certifications (if applicable), neces-
sary to substantiate that the performance
of the CEMS met the performance specifi-
cations.
10. Alternative Procedure*
10.1 Alternative to Relative Accuracy Pro-
cedure in section 7. Paragraphs 60.13(1) (1)
and (2) contain criteria for which the refer-
ence method relative accuracy may be
waived and the following procedure substi-
tuted.
10.1.1 Conduct a complete CEMS status
check following the manufacturer's written
instructions. The check should include oper-
ation of the light source, signal receiver,
timing mechanism functions, data acquisi-
tion and data reduction functions, data re-
corders, mechanically operated functions
(mirror movements, zero pipe operation,
calibration gas valve operations, etc.).
sample filters, sample line heaters, moisture
traps, and other related functions of the
CEMS. as applicable. All parts of the CEMS
shall be functioning properly before pro-
ceeding to the alternative RA procedure.
10.1.2 Challenge each monitor (both pol-
lutant and diluent, if applicable) with cylin-
der gaaefl of known concentrations or cali-
bration cells that produce known responses
at two measurement points within the fol-
lowing ranges:
MEASUREMENT RANGE
20-30
Muent monitor tor
CO,
s-a
Ot
4-« percent
by volume
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-92
MEASUREMENT RANGE—Continued
• •
Mtftsurvfltont
point
2
Poftitant
monitor
50-60
percent of
spen value.
CNuertt m
CO,
10-14
percent by
volume.
orator tor
0,
R 1? nsMrwM
byvo*un»
Use a separate cylinder gas or calibration
cell for measurement points 1 and 2. Chal-
lenge the CEMS and record the responses
three times at each measurement point. Do
not dilute gas from a cylinder when chal-
lenging the CEMS. Dse the average of the
three responses in determining relative ac-
curacy.
Operate each monitor in its normal sam-
pling mode as nearly as possible. When
using cylinder gases, pass the cylinder gai
through all filters, scrubbers, conditioners.
and other monitor components used during
normal sampling and as much of the sam-
pling probe as practical. When using calibra-
tion cells, the CEMS components used In
the normal sampling mode should not be
by-passed during the RA determination.
These include light sources, lenses, detec-
tors, and reference cells. The CEMS should
be challenged at each measurement point
for Q sufficient period of time to assure ad-
sorpticn-desorptiou inactions on the CEMS
surfaces have stabilized.
Use cylinder gases that have been certi-
fied by comparison to National Bureau of
Standards CNBS) gaseous standard refer-
ence material (SRM) or NBS/EPA-approved
gas manufacturer's certified reference mate-
rial (CRM) (See Citation 2 in the Bibliogra-
phy) following EPA traceabillty protocol
Number 1 (See Citation 3 in the Bibliogra-
phy). As an alternative to protocol Number
1 gases, CRM's may be used directly as al-
ternative RA cylinder gases. A list of gas
manufacturers that have prepared approved
CRM's is available from EPA at the address
shown in Citation 2. Procedures for prepara-
tion of CRM are described in Citation 2.
Use calibration cells certified by the man-
ufacturer to produce a known response in
the CEMS. The cell certification procedure
shall include determination of CEMS re-
sponse produced by the calibration cell in
direct comparison with measurement of
gases of known concentration. This can be
accomplished "TlPg ffRM or CRM gases in a
laboratory source simulator or through ex-
tended tests "«*"g reference methods at the
CEMS location in the exhaust stack. These
procedures are discussed in Citation 4 in the
Bibliography. The calibration cell certifica-
tion procedure is subject to approval of the
the
10.14 The differences between
known eonoentratloni of the cylinder
1112
-------
Environmental Protection Agoncy
Pt. 60, Ape. ft, Spoc. 2
and the concentrations indicated by the
CHMS are used to assess the accuracy of the
The calculations and limits of acceptable
relative accuracy (RA) are as follows:
(a) For pollutant GEMS:
RA»
AC
x 100 < 15 percent
Where:
dvDlfference between response and the
known concentration/response.
AC-The known concentration/response of
the cylinder gas or calibration celL
(b) For diluent GEMS:
RA- |d| £ 0.7 percent d or CO*, as applica-
ble.
NOTE Waiver of the relative accuracy test
in favor of the alternative RA procedure
does not preclude the requirements to com-
plete the calibration drift (CD) tests nor
any other requirements specified in the ap-
plicable regulation(s) for reporting CEM8
data and performing CEMS drift checks or
audits.
Cto and
t10»
i
1
i
I
*
Calibration
volno
Monitor
voluo
Olfffjroico
AA^^K^^^A
FVrCBJBfC
of spon voliio
2-1. Collbratlon drift dotorartootloo.
1113
-------
ft. 60, App. B, Sp«c. 2
40 CFt Ch. I (7.L92 Edition)
OatfeM*
t1m
.!•.•! il.AHi .!•.•!
10
11
It
lateral
1
•f tfcrM iMpltsi * Mka Mrt tint m aM N tete art on • MMltteMt tatlt.
•ItfcMr Mt MT
1-t. Mlatlvt «ccvraey
1114
-------
Environmental Protection Agoncy
Pt. 60, App. B, Spoc. 4
11. Bibliography
1. Department of Commerce. Experimen-
tal Statistics. Handbook 91. Washington.
DC. p. 3-31. paragraphs 3-3.1.4.
2. "A Procedure for Establishing Tracea-
bility of Gas Mixtures to Certain National
Bureau of Standards Standard Reference
Materials." Joint publication by NBS and
EPA. EPA-600/7-81-010. Available from
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Quality Assurance Division (MD-77), Re-
search Triangle Park. NC 27711.
3. "Traceability Protocol for Establishing
True Concentrations of Oases Used for Cali-
bration and Audits of Continuous Source
Emission Monitors. (Protocol Number 1)."
June 1978. Protocol Number 1 is included in
the Quality Assurance Handbook for Air
Pollution Measurement Systems, Volume
III, Stationary Source Specific Methods.
EPA-600/4-77-027b. August 1977. Volume
III is available from the U.S. EPA. Office of
Research and Development Publications. 26
West St. Clair Street. Cincinnati. OH 45268.
4. "Gaseous Continuous Emission Moni-
toring Systems—Performance Specification
Guidelines for SO,, NO.. CO,, Ot. and TRS."
EPA-450/3-82-026. Available from U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency. Emission
Standards and Engineering Division (MD-
19), Research Triangle Park. NC 27711.
PERFORMAKCi SPECIFICATION 3—SPECIFICA-
TIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR Oi AND
COi CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING
SYSTEMS IN STATIONARY SOURCES
1. Applicability and Principle
1.1 Applicability. This specification is to
be used for evaluating acceptability of O>
and COt continuous emission monitoring
systems (CEM's) at the time of or soon after
installation and whenever specified in an
applicable subpart of the regulations. The
specification applies to Oi or CO. monitors
that are not included under Performance
Specification 2 (PS 2).
This specification is not designed to evalu-
ate the installed CEMS performance over
an extended period of time, nor does it iden-
tify specific calibration techniques and
other auxiliary procedures to assess the
CEMS performance. The source owner or
operator, however, is responsible tocali-
brate, maintain, and operate the CEMS
properly. To evaluate the CEMS perform-
ance, the Administrator may require, under
Section 114 of the Act. the operator to con-
duct CEMS performance evaluations in ad-
dition to the initial test. See Section
60.13(c).
The definitions, installation and measure-
ment location specifications, test proce-
dures, data reduction procedures, reporting
requirements, and bibliography are the
same as in PS 2. Sections 2. 3. 5. 6. 8. 9. and
10. and also apply to Ot and CO* CEMS's
under this specification. The performance
and equipment specifications and the rela-
tive accuracy (RA) test procedures for Ot
and CO, CEMS do not differ from those for
SOi and NO. CEMS. except as noted below.
1.2 Principle. Reference method (RM)
tests and calibration drift tests are conduct-
ed to determine conf ormance of the CEMS
with the specification.
2. Performance and Equipment Specifica-
tions
2.1 Instrument Zero and Span. This spec-
ification is the same as Section 4.1 of PS 2.
2.2 Calibration Drift. The CEMS calibra-
tion must not drift by more than 0.5 percent
Ot or COt from the reference value of the
gas. gas cell, or optical filter.
2.3 The CEMS RA. The RA of the CEMS
must be no greater than 20 percent of the
mean value of the RM test data or 1.0 per-
cent Ot or COt. whichever is greater.
3. Relative Accuracy Test Procedure
3.1 Sampling Strategy for RM Tests.
Correlation of RM and CEMS Data,
Number of RM Tests, and Calculations.
This is the same as PS 2, Sections 7.1. 7.2.
7.3. and 7.5, respectively.
3.2 Reference Method. Unless otherwise
specified in an applicable subpart of the reg-
ulations. Method 3B of appendix A or any
approved alternative is the RM for Ot or
CO,.
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 4—SPECIFICA-
TIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR CARBON
MONOXIDE CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONI-
TORING SYSTEMS m STATIONARY SOURCES
1. Applicability and Principle
1.1 Applicability. This specification is to
be used for evaluating the acceptability of
carbon monoxide (CO) continuous emission
monitoring systems (CEMS) at the time of
or soon after installation and whenever
specified in an applicable subpart of the reg-
ulations.
This specification is not designed to evalu-
ate the installed CEMS performance over
an extended period of time nor does it iden-
tify specific calibration techniques and
other auxiliary procedures to assess CEMS
performance. The source owner or operator.
however, is responsible to calibrate, main-
tain, and operate the CEMS. To evaluate
CEMS performance, the Administrator may
require, under section 114 of the Act, the
source owner or operator to conduct CEMS
performance evaluations at other times be-
sides the initial test. See 160.13(c).
The definitions. Installation specifications.
test procedures, data reduction procedures
for determining calibration drifts (CD) and
relative accuracy (RA). and reporting of
1115
-------
Pt. 60, App. B, Sp«c 6
40 CFR Ch. I (7.1-92 Edition)
may be conducted at a low level (up to 20
percent of span value) point. The compo-
nents of an acceptable permeation tube
system are listed on pages 87-94 of Citation
4.2 of the Bibliography.
2.2 Calibration Drift. The CEMS detec-
tor calibration must not drift or deviate
from the reference value of the calibration
gas by more than S percent (1.5 ppm) of the
established span value of 30 ppm for 6 out
of 7 test days. If the CEMS includes pollut-
ant and diluent monitors, the CD must be
determined separately for each in terms of
concentrations (see PS 3 for the diluent
specifications).
2.3 The CEMS Relative Accuracy. The
RA of the CEMS shall be no greater than 20
percent of the mean value of the reference
method (RM) test data in terms of the units
of the emission standard or 10 percent of
the applicable standard, whichever is great-
er.
3. Relative Accuracy Tat Procedure
3.1 Sampling Strategy for RM Tests.
Correlation of RM and CEMS Data,
Number of RM Tests, and Calculations.
This is the same as PS 2. Sections 7.1. 7.2.
7.3. and 7.5. respectively. Note: For Method
16. a sample is made up of at least three sep-
arate injects equally spaced over time. For
Method 16A, a sample is collected for at
least 1 hour.
3.2 Reference Methods. Unless otherwise
specified in an applicable subpart of the reg-
ulations. Method 16. Method 16A, or other
approved alternative, shall be the RM for
TRS.
4. Bibliography
1. Department of Commerce. Experimen-
tal Statistics. National Bureau of Standards.
Handbook 91.1963. Paragraphs 3-3.1.4. p. 3-
31.
2. A Guide to the Design, Maintenance
and Operation of TRS Monitoring Systems.
National Council for Air and Stream Im-
provement Technical Bulletin No. 89. Sep-
tember 1977.
3. Observation of Field Performance of
TRS Monitors on a Kraft Recovery Fur-
nace. National Council for Air and Stream
Improvement Technical Bulletin No. 91.
January 1978.
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 6—SPECIFICA-
TIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR CONTIN-
UOUS EMISSION RATE MONITORING SYS-
TEMS IN STATIONARY SOURCES
1. Applicability and Principle
1.1 Applicability. The applicability for
this specification is the same as Section 1.1
of Performance Specification 2 (PS 2),
except this specification is to be used for
evaluating the acceptability of continuous
emission rate monitoring systems
(CERMS's). The installation and measure-
ment location specifications, performance
specification test procedure, data reduction
procedures, and reporting requirements of
PS 2. Section 3. 5. 8, and 9. apply to this
specification.
1.2 Principle. Reference method (RM).
calibration drift (CD), and relative accuracy
(RA) tests are conducted to determine that
the CERMS conforms to the specification.
2. Definitions
The definitions are the same as in Section
2 of PS 2. except that this specification
refers to the continuous emission rate moni-
toring system rather than the continuous
emission monitoring system. The following
definitions are added:
2.1 Continuous Emission Rate Monitor-
ing System (CERMS). The total equipment
required for the determination and record-
ing of the pollutant mass emission rate (in
terms of mass per unit of time).
2.2 Flow Rate Sensor. That portion of
the CERMS that senses the volumetric flow
rate and generates an output proportional
to flow rate. The flow rate sensor shall have
provisions to check the CD for each flow
rate parameter that it measures individually
(e.g.. velocity pressure).
3. Performance and Equipment
3.1 Data Recorder Scale. Same as Section
4.1 of PS 2.
3.2 CD. Since the CERMS includes ana-
lyzers for several measurements, the CD
shall be determined separately for each ana-
lyzer in terms of its specific measurement.
The calibration for each analyser used for
the measurement of flow rate except a tem-
perature analyzer shall not drift or deviate
from either of its reference values by more
than 3 percent of 1.25 times the average po-
tential absolute value for that measure-
ment For a temperature analyzer, the spec-
ification is 1.5 percent of 1.25 times the av-
erage potential absolute temperature. The
CD specification for each analyzer for
which other PS's have been established
(e.g.. PS 2 for SO, and NO,), shall be the
same as in the applicable PS.
3.3 CERMS RA. The RA of the CERMS
shall be no greater than 20 percent of the
mean value of the RM's test data in terms
of the units of the emission standard, or 10
percent of the applicable standard, whichev-
er is greater.
4. CD Tett Procedure
The CD measurements are to verify the
ability of the CERMS to conform to the es-
tablished CERMS calibrations used for de-
termining the emission rate. Therefore, if
periodic automatic or manual adjustments
1118
-------
Environmental Protection Agoncy
Pt. 60, App. B, Spec 7
are made to the CERMS zero and calibra-
tion settings, conduct the CD tests immedi-
ately before these adjustments, or conduct
them in such a way what CD can be deter-
mined.
Conduct the CD tests for pollutant con-
centration at the two values specified in
Section 4.1 of PS 2. For each of the other
parameters that are selectively measured by
the CERMS (e.g., velocity pressure), use two
analogous values: one that represents zero
to 20 percent of the high-level value (a
value that is between 1.25 and 2 times the
average potential value) for that parameter,
and one that represents 50 to 100 percent of
the high-level value. Introduce, or activate
internally, the reference signals to the
CERMS (these need not be certified).
Record the CERMS response to each, and
subtract this value from the respective ref-
erence value (see example data sheet in
Figure 6-1).
5. RA Test Procedure
5.1 Sampling Strategy for RM's Tests,
Correlation of RM and CERMS Data.
Number of RM's Tests, and Calculations.
These are the same as PS 2, Sections 7.1,
7.2. 7.3. and 7.5, respectively. Summarize the
results on a data sheet. An example is
shown in Figure 6-2. The RA test may be
conducted during the CD test period.
5.2 Reference Methods (RM's;. Unless
otherwise specified in the applicable sub-
part of the regulations, the RM for the pol-
lutant gas is the appendix A method that is
cited for compliance test purposes, or its ap-
proved alternatives. Methods 2. 2A. 2B, 2C,
or 2D, as applicable are the RM's for the de-
termination of volumetric flow rate.
6. Bibliography
1. Brooks, E.F., E.C. Beder, C-A. Flegal,
DJ. Luciani. and R. Williams. Continuous
Measurement of Total Gas Flow Rate from
Stationary Sources. U.S. Envionmental Pro-
tection Agency. Research Triangle Park.
NC. Publication No. EPA-650/2-75-020. Feb-
ruary 1975. 248 p.
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION 7—SPECIFICA-
TIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR HYDRO-
GEN SULFIDE CONTINUOUS EMISSION MON-
ITORING SYSTEMS IN STATIONARY SOURCES
1. Applicability and Principle
1.1 Applicability. 1.1.1 This specifica-
tion is to be used for evaluating the accept-
ability of hydrogen sulfide (HiS) continuous
emission monitoring systems (CEMS's) at
the time of or soon after installation and
whenever specified in an applicable subpart
of the regulations.
1.1.2 This specification is not designed to
evaluate the installed CEMS performance
over an extended period of time nor does it
identify specific calibration techniques and
other auxiliary procedures to assess CEMS
performance. The source owner or operator,
however, is responsible to calibrate, main-
tain, and operate the CEMS. To evaluate
CEMS performance, the Administrator may
require, under Section 114 of the Act. the
source owner or operator to conduct CEMS
performance evaluations at other times be-
sides the initial test. See § 60.13(c).
1.1.3 The definitions, installation specifi-
cations, test procedures, data reduction pro-
cedures for determining calibration drifts
(CD) and relative accuracy (RA). and re-
porting of Performance Specification 2 (PS
2). Sections 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9 apply to this
specification.
1.2 Principle. Reference method (RM).
CD, and RA tests are conducted to deter-
mine that the CEMS conforms to the speci-
fication.
2. Performance and Equipment
Specifications
2.1 Instrument zero and span. This speci-
fication is the same as Section 4.1 of PS 2.
2.2 Calibration drift The CEMS calibra-
tion must not drift or deviate from the ref-
erence value of the calibration gas or refer-
ence source by more than 5 percent of the
established span value for 6 out of 7 test
days (e.g., the established span value is 300
ppm for subpart J fuel gas combustion de-
vices).
2.3 Relative accuracy. The RA of the
CEMS shall be no greater than 20 percent
of the mean value of the RM test data in
terms of the units of the emission standard
or 10 percent of the applicable standard.
whichever is greater.
3. Relative Accuracy Test Procedure
3.1 Sampling Strategy for RM Tests,
Correlation of RM and CEMS Data Number
of RM Tests, and Calculations. These are
the same as that in PS 2, § 7.1, 7.2, 7.3. and
7.5. respectively.
3.2 Reference Methods. Unless otherwise
specified in an applicable subpart of the reg-
ulation. Method 11 is the RM for this PS.
4. Bibliography
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Standards of Performance for New Station-
ary Sources; Appendix B; Performance
Specifications 2 and 3 for SO,. NO,. CO,,
and O» Continuous Emission Monitoring
Systems; Final Rule. 48 CFR 23608. Wash-
ington, DC. U.S. Government Printing
Office. May 25.1983.
2. U.S. Government Printing Office. Gase-
ous Continuous Emission Monitoring Sys-
tems—Performance Specification Guidelines
for SO.. NO.. CO,, Ot. and TRS. UJS. Envi-
1119
-------
ATTACHMENT D
40 CFR Part 60, Appendix F
-------
Environmental Protection Agoncy
Pt. 60, App. F
Twta
Run 3. 110
TMtb
12S
5.2 Using Equation 1—
£.-100+95+110/3-: 102
£»= 115+120+125/3= 120
5.3 Using Equation 2—
&J»=(100-102)1+(95-102)1+(110-102)V
3-1-58.5
&»=(115-120)1+(120-120)1+(125-120)V
3-1=25
5.4 Using Equation 3—
S,«[(3-lX58.5)+(3+l)(25)/3+3-2]V4=6.46
5.5 Using Equation 4—
120-102
HKT
-3.412
5.6 Since (n'+nl-2)=4, f=2.132 (from
Table 1). Thus since t>t the difference in
the values of £. and £» is significant, and
there has been an increase in emission rate
to the atmosphere.
6. Continuous Monitoring Data.
f 1 hourly averages from continuous mon-
itoring devices, where available, should be
used as data points and the above procedure
followed.
[40 FR 58420, Dec. 16. 1975]
(11) Description and quantity of each prod-
uct (maximum per hour and average per
year).
(ill) Description and quantity of raw mate-
rials handled for each product fmMimimt
per hour and average per year).
(iv) Types of fuels burned, quantities and
characteristics (maximum and average
quantities per hour, average per year).
(v) Description and quantity of solid
wastes generated (per year) and method of
disposal.
(3) A description of the air pollution con-
trol equipment in use or proposed to control
the designated pollutant, including:
(i) Verbal description of equipment.
(ii) Optimum control efficiency, in per-
cent. This shall be a combined efficiency
when more than one device operates in
series. The method of control efficiency de-
termination shall be indicated (e.g., design
efficiency, measured efficiency, estimated
efficiency).
(iii) Annual average control efficiency, in
percent, taking into account control equip-
ment down time. This shall be a combined
efficiency when more than one device oper-
ates in series.
(4) An estimate of the designated pollut-
ant emissions from the designated facility
(maximum per hour and average per year).
The method of emission determination shall
also be specified (*.g., stack test, material
balance, emission factor).
[40 FR 53349, Nov. 17,19751
APPENDIX E—[RESERVED]
APPENDIX D—REQUIRED EMISSION
INVENTORY INFORMATION
(a) Completed NEDS point source form(s)
for the entire plant containing the designat-
ed facility, including information on the ap-
plicable criteria pollutants. If data concern-
ing the plant are already in NEDS, only
that information must be submitted which
is necessary to update the existing NEDS
record for that plant. Plant and point iden-
tification codes for NEDS records shall cor-
respond to those previously assigned in
NEDS; for plants not in NEDS, these codes
shall be obtained from the appropriate Re-
gional Office.
(b) Accompanying the basic NEDS infor-
mation shall be the following information
on each designated facility:
(1) The state and county identification
codes, as well as the complete plant and
point identification codes of the designated
facility in NEDS. (The codes are needed to
match these data with the NEDS data.)
(2) A description of the designated facility
including, where appropriate:
(i) Process name.
APPENDIX F—QUALITY ASSURANCE
PROCEDURES
PROCEDURE 1. QUALITY ASSURANCE REQUIRE-
MENTS FOR GAS CONTINUOUS EMISSION
MONITORING SYSTEMS USED FOR COMPLI-
ANCE DETERMINATION
1. Applicability and Principle
1.1 Applicability. Procedure 1 is used to
evaluate the effectiveness of quality control
(QC) and quality assurance (QA) procedures
and the quality of data produced by any
continuous emission monitoring system
(CEMS) that is used for determining com-
pliance with the emission standards on a
continuous basis as specified in the applica-
ble regulation. The CEMS may include pol-
lutant (e.g., SOj and NO,) and diluent (e.g., 0,
or CO,) monitors.
This procedure specifies the minimum QA
requirements necessary for the control and
assessment of the quality of CEMS data
submitted to the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA). Source owners and operators
responsible for one or more CEMS's used
1121
-------
Ft. 60, App. F
40 Cft Ch. I (7-1-92 Edition)
for compliance monitoring miut meet these
minimum requirements fl**** are encouraged
to develop and Implement a more extensive
QA program or to continue such programs
where they already exist
Data collected as a result of QA and QC
measures required in this procedure are to
be submitted to the Agency. These data are
to be used by both the Agency and the
CEMS operator in •••mint the effective-
ness of the CEMS QC and QA procedures in
the maintenance of acceptable GEMS oper-
ation and valid emission data.
Appendix F, Procedure 1 is applicable De-
cember 4. 1987. The first CEMS accuracy as-
sessment shall be a relative accuracy test
audit (RATA) (see section 5) and shall be
completed by March 4. 1988 or the date of
the initial performance test required by the
applicable regulation, whichever is later.
1.2 Principle. The QA procedures consist
of two distinct and equally important func-
tions. One function is the assessment of the
quality of the CEMS data by estimating ac-
curacy. The other function is the control
and improvement of the quality of the
CEMS data by implementing QC policies
and corrective actions. These two functions
form a control loop: When the assessment
function indicates that the data quality is
inadequate, the control effort must be in-
creased until the data quality is acceptable.
In order to provide uniformity in the assess-
ment and reporting of data quality, this pro-
cedure explicitly specifies the assessment
methods for response drift and accuracy.
The methods are based on procedures in-
cluded in the applicable performance speci-
fications (PS's) in appendix B of 40 CPR
part 60. Procedure 1 also requires the analy-
sis of the EPA audit samples concurrent
with certain reference method (RM) analy-
ses as specified in the applicable RM's.
Because the control and corrective action
function fnmmptmm a variety of policies.
specifications, standards, and corrective
measures, this procedure treats QC require-
ments in general terms to allow each source
owner or operator to develop a QC system
that is most effective and efficient for the
2. Definitions
2.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring
System. The total equipment required for
the determination of a gas concentration or
emission rate.
2.2 Diluent Gas. A major gaseous constit-
uent in a gaseous pollutant mixture. For
combustion sources. CO* and O, are the
major gaseous constituents of interest.
2.3 Span Value. The upper limit of a gas
concentration measurement range that is
specified for affected source categories in
the applicable subpart of the regulation.
2.4 Zero. Low-Level, and High-Level
Values. The CEMS response values related
to the source specific span value. Determi-
nation of zero, low-level, and high-level
values is defined in the appropriate PS in
appendix B of this part.
2£ Calibration Drift (CD). The difference
in the CEMS output reading from a refer-
ence value after a period of operation
during which no unscheduled maintenance,
repair or adjustment took place. The refer-
ence value may be supplied by a cylinder
gas. gas cell, or optical filter and need not
Decertified.
2.6 Relative Accuracy (RA). The absolute
mean difference between the gas concentra-
tion or emission rate determined by the
CEMS and the value determined by the
RM's plus the 2.S percent error confidence
coefficient of a series of tests divided by the
mean of the RM tests or the applicable
emission limit.
3. QC Requirements
Each source owner or operator must de-
velop and implement a QC program. As a
minimum each QC program must include
written procedures which should describe in
detail, complete, step-by-step procedures
and operations for each of the following ac-
tivities:
1. Calibration of CEMS.
2. CD determination and adjustment of
CEMS.
3. Preventive maintenance of CEMS (in-
cluding spare pan* Inventory).
4. Data recording, calculations, and re-
porting.
5. Accuracy audit procedures including
sampling and analysis methods.
6. Program of corrective action for mal-
functioning CEMS.
As described in Section 5.2, whenever ex-
cessive Inaccuracies occur for two consecu-
tive quarters, the source owner or operator
must revise the current written procedures
or modify or replace the CEMS to correct
the deficiency causing the excessive inaccu-
racies.
These written procedures must be kept on
record and available for Inspection by the
enforcement agency.
4. CD Assessment
4.1 CD Requirement. As described in 40
CFR 60.13(d). source owners and operators
of CEMS must check, record, and quantify
the CD at two concentration values at least
once daily (approximately 24 hours) in ac-
cordance with the method prescribed by the
manufacturer. The CEMS calibration must.
as minimum, be adjusted whenever the
daily sero (or low-level) CD or the daily
high-level CD exceeds two times the limits
of the applicable PS's in appendix B of this
regulation.
4.2 Recording Requirement for Automat-
ic CD Adjusting Monitors. Monitors that
automatically adjust the data to the correct-
ed calibration values (e.g., microprocessor
1122
-------
Environmental Protection Agoncy
t: 60, App. F
control) must be programmed to record the
unadjusted concentration measured in the
CD prior to resetting the calibration, if per-
formed, or record the amount of adjust-
ment.
4.3 Criteria for Excessive CD. If either
the zero (or low-level) or high-level CD
result exceeds twice the applicable drift
specification in appendix B for five, consec-
utive, daily periods, the CEMS is out-of •con-
trol. If either the zero (or low-level) or high-
level CD result exceeds four times the appli-
cable drift specification in appendix B
during any CD check, the CEMS is out-of-
control. If the CEMS is out-of-control, take
necessary corrective action. Following cor-
rective action, repeat the CD checks.
4.3.1 Out-Of-Control Period Definition.
The beginning of the out-of-control period
is the time corresponding to the completion
of the fifth, consecutive, dally CD check
with a CD in excess of two times the allow-
able limit, or the time corresponding to the
completion of the daily CD check preceding
the daily CD check that results in a CD in
excess of four times the allowable limit. The
end of the out-of-control period is the time
corresponding to the completion of the CD
check following corrective action that re-
sults in the CD's at both the zero (or low-
level) and high-level measurement points
being within the corresponding allowable
CD limit (i.e.. either two times or four tfrnes
the allowable limit in appendix B).
4.3.2 CEMS Data Status During Out-of-
Control Period. During the period the
CEMS is out-of-control, the CEMS data
may not be used in calculating emission
compliance nor be counted towards meeting
minimum data availability as required and
described in the applicable subpart [e.g..
S 60.47a(f )1.
4.4 Data Recording and Reporting. As re-
quired in 560.7(d) of this regulation (40
CFR part 60). all measurements from the
CEMS must be retained on file by the
source owner for at least 2 years. However,
emission data obtained on each successive
day while the CEMS is out-of-control may
not be included as part of the minimum
daily data requirement of the applicable
subpart [e.g., J 60.47a(f)] nor be used in the
calculation of reported emissions for that
period.
5. Data Accuracy Assessment
S.I Auditing Requirements. Each CEMS
must be audited at least once each calendar
quarter. Successive quarterly audits shall
occur no closer than 2 months. The audits
shall be conducted as follows:
5.1.1 Relative Accuracy Test Audit
(RATA). The RATA must be conducted at
least once every four calendar quarters.
Conduct the RATA as described for the RA
test procedure in the applicable PS in ap-
pendix B (e.g.. PS 2 for SO, and NO,). In ad-
dition, analyze the appropriate performance
audit samples received from EPA as de-
scribed in the applicable sampling methods
(e.g.. Methods 6 and 7).
5.1.2 Cylinder Gas Audit (COA). If appli-
cable, a COA may be conducted in three of
four calendar quarters, but in no more than
three quarters in succession.
To conduct a CGA: (1) Challenge the
CEMS (both pollutant and diluent portions
of the CEMS. if applicable) with an audit
gas of known concentration at two points
within the following ranges:
Audit
point
1
2
Pollutant
monitors
20 to 30% of
•pan value.
SO to 60% of
•pan value.
Audit range
Dfluent moi
CO,
5 to 8% by
vokma.
10 to 14% by
volume.
titan tor—
0,
4 to 6% by
volume.
8 to 12% by
volume.
Challenge the CEMS three times at each
audit point, and use the average of the
three responses in determining accuracy.
Use of separate audit gas cylinder for
audit points 1 and 2. Do not dilute gas from
audit cylinder when challenging the CEMS.
The monitor should be challenged at each
audit point for a sufficient period of time to
assure *Jsj;ption-desorption of the CEMS
sample transport surfaces has stabilized.
(2) Operate each monitor in its normal
sampling mode. i.e.. pass the audit gas
through all filters, scrubbers, conditioners.
and other monitor components used during
normal sampling, and as much of the sam-
pling probe as is practical. At a minimum.
the audit gas should be introduced at the
connection between the probe and the
sample line.
(3) Use audit gases that have been certi-
fied by comparision to National Bureau of
Standards (NBS) gaseous Standard Refer-
ence Materials (SRM's) or NBS/EPA ap-
proved gas manufacturer's Certified Refer-
ence Materials (CRM's) (See Citation 1) fol-
lowing EPA Traceability Protocol No. 1 (See
Citation 2). As an alternative to Protocol
No. 1 audit gases, CRM's may be used di-
rectly as audit gases. A list of gas manufac-
turers that have prepared approved CRM's
is available from EPA at the address shown
in Citation 1. Procedures for preparation of
CRM's are described in Citation 1. Proce-
dures for preparation of EPA Traceability
Protocol 1 materials are described in Cita-
tion 2.
The difference between the actual concen-
tration of the audit gas and the concentra-
tion indicated by the monitor is used to
assess the accuracy of the CEMS.
5.1.3 Relative Accuracy Audit (RAA). The
RAA may be conducted three of four calen-
1123
-------
H. 40, App. F
dar quarters, but to no more than three
quarters in succession To conduct a RAA.
follow the procedure described In the appli-
cable PS In appendix B for the relative ac-
curacy teat, except that only three aeta of
measurement data are required. Analyses of
EPA performance audit samples are also re-
quired.
The relative difference between the mean
of the RM values and the mean of the
GEMS rMpOMM wffl be used to assess the
accuracy of the GEMS.
5.1.4 Other Alternative Audits. Other al-
ternative audit procedures may be used as
approved by the Administrator for three of
four calendar quarters. One RATA is re-
quired at least once every four calendar
quarters.
5.2 Excessive Audit Inaccuracy. If the
RA. using the RATA. COA, or RAA exceeds
the criteria in section 5.2.3, the CEMS is
out-of-control. If the CEMS is out-of-con-
trol, take necessary corrective action to
eliminate the problem. Following corrective
action, the source owner or operator must
audit the CEMS with a RATA. CGA. or
RAA to determine if the CEMS is operating
within the specifications. A RATA must
always be used following an out-of-control
period resulting from a RATA. The audit
following corrective action does not require
analysis of EPA performance audit samples.
If audit results show the CEMS to be out-of-
control, the CEMS operator shall report
both the audit showing the CEMS to be out-
of-control and the results of the audit fol-
lowing corrective action showing the CEMS
to be operating within specifications.
5.2.1 Out-Of-Control Period Definition.
The beginning of the out-of-control period
is the time corresponding to the completion
of the sampling for the RATA. RAA. or
CGA- The end of the out-of-control period
is the time corresponding to the completion
of the sampling of the subsequent
ful audit.
5.2.2. GEMS Data Status During Out-Of-
Control Period. During the period the moni-
tor is out-of •control, the CEMS data may
HP! be used in calculating emission rompll-
ance nor be counted towards meeting mini-
mum data avaUabilty .as required and de-
scribed in the applicable subpart [e.g..
i ao.47a
-------
Environmental Protection Agoncy
3. Manufacturer and model number of
each monitor in the CEMS.
4. Assessment of CEMS data accuracy and
date of assessment as determined by a
BATA. RAA. or COA described in Section 5
including the RA for the RATA. the A for
the RAA or CGA, the RM results, the cylin-
der vases certified values, the CEMS re-
sponses. and the calculations results as de-
fined in Section 6. If the accuracy audit re-
sults show the CEMS to be out-of •control.
the CEMS operator shall report both the
audit results showing the CEMS to be out-
of-control and the results of the audit fol-
lowing corrective action showing the CEMS
to be operating within specifications.
5. Results from EPA performance audit
samples described in Section 5 and the ap-
plicable RM's.
6. Summary of all corrective actions taken
when CEMS was determined out-of-control,
as described in Sections 4 and 5.
An example of a DAR format is shown in
Figure 1.
8. Biblooraphy
I. "A Procedure for Establishing Traceabi-
lity of Gas Mixtures to Certain National
Bureau of Standards Standard Reference
Materials." Joint publication by NBS and
EPA-600/7-81-010. Available from the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Quality
Assurance Division (MD-77). Research Tri-
angle Park. NC 27711.
2. "Traceabtiity Protocol for Establishing
True Concentrations of Oases Used for Cali-
bration and Audits of Continuous Source
Emission Monitors (Protocol Number 1)"
June 1978. Section 3.0.4 of the Quality As-
surance Handbook for Air Pollution Meas-
urement Systems. Volume HI. Stationary
Source Specific Methods. EPA-400/4-77-
027b. August 1977. UJS. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. Office of Research and De-
velopment Publications, 26 West St. Clair
Street. Cincinnati. OH 4*2*8.
3. Calculation and Interpretation of Accu-
racy for Continuous Emission Monitoring
Systems (CEMS). Section 3.0.7 of the Qual-
ity Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution
Measurement Systems, Vohane III, Station-
ary Source Specific Methods. EPA-400/4-
77-027b. August 1977. UJS. Environmental
Protection Agency. Office of Research and
Dtiflonaunt Publications. M West St. Clair
Street. Cincinnati. OH «5Mft.
Dae*
AMI
RBOBT
CoiApany name - -
Plant BMW
Source unit no.
CEMS manufacturer
Model BO.
Ft. 60, App. F
type (e.g.. in situ)
S
as S
the quarterly audit results snaw
CEMS to be out-of -control, report S
suits of both the quarterly audit and
«
the CEMS to be operating properly.
A. Relative accuracy test audit (RATA)
for - (e.g.. SO* in ng/j).
1. Date of audit _
2. Reference methods (RM's) used _
(e.g.. Methods 3 and 6).
3. Average RM value _ (e.g., ng/J.
mg/dsm*, or percent volume).
4. Average CEMS value _
S. Absolute value of mean difference [d]
6. Confidence coefficient [CC1
7. Percent relative accuracy (RA) .
percent.
8. EPA performance audit results:
a. Audit lot number (1) (2)
b. Audit sample number (1)
c. Results (mg/dsm*) (1)
d. Actual value (mg/dsm*)* (1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
e. Relative error* (1) (2)
B. Cylinder gas audit (COA) for
(e.g., Sd in ppm).
1. Date of audK
2. Cylinder ID number.
3. Date of eerUftcaUon.
4. Type of oertlflav
Audit
point
Audit
point
lor
CRM).
(e-s.
C. Relative accuracy audit (RAA) lor
1. Date of audit
CEMS serial no.
2. Reference methods (RM's) used -
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Ft. 60, App. 6
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-92
a. Audit lot number (1) _ (2)
b. Audit sample number (1) -
c. Result! (mg/dsm*) (1) _
(2)
(2)
(2)
d. Actual value (mg/dsm') *(1)
e. Relative-error* (1) (2)
D. Corrective action for excessive inaccu
racy.
1. Out-of-control periods.
a.Dete(s)
b. Number of dan
2. Collective action taken
3. Results of audit following corrective
action. (Use format of A, B, or C above, as
applicable.)
IL Calibration drift i
A. Out-of-control periods.
1. Date(8)
2. Number of days
B. Corrective action taken
(52 PR 21008. June 4. 1987; 82 PR 27812.
July 22. 1987. as amended at 88 PR 8527.
Feb. 11.1891)
APPBIDXZ O—Provisions FOE AH Ai-
TOUTATIVE MBTHOD OF DEMOMSTHAT-
nro CoMFLiAircK WITH 40 CFR
60.43 FOB TKK NcwzoMPown STA-
TIOK OF Cnmui. Imirois PUBLIC
Snvici COMPACT
1. D**i0»otton ofAXfeettd FacilUia
1.1 The affected faculties to which this
alternative compliance method applies are
the Unit 1 and 2 coal-fired steam generating
units located at the Central TJlinote Public
Service Company's (dP6) Newton Power
Station in Jasper County, Illinois. Bach of
these units is subject to the Standards of
Performance for Possfl-Puel-Plred Steam
Generators for -Which Construction Com-
menced After August 17.1971 (subpart D).
2, Definition*
2.1 All definitions in subparts D and Da
of part 80 apply to this-provision except
24-hour period means fee period of time
between 1230 midnight and the following
midnight?
MHfltfa
CfMS
torlng system.
DAFQDS »»«•%"« the dual ^K*!' flue gas
desulfurtaaiton system for the Newton Unit
1 steam generating unit.
Botter operating day means a 24-hour
period during which any fossil fuel Is
busted 8n either the Unit 1 or Unit 2
generating unit and during which the
sions of i 80.43(e) are applicable.
Cod bunker means a single or group M
coal trailers, hoppers, silos or other coot*faL
era that: (1) are physically attached too*
affected faculty; and (2) provide coal to X
coal pulverisers.
3. Compliance Provision*
3.1 If the owner or operator of the a*
f eetod faculty elects to comply with the **
nanograms per Joule (ng/J) (1.1 Ib/mUtton
Btu) of combined heat Input •r'Htlim link
under 1 80.43, the owner or e»>
erator shall conduct an initial pert c
test, as required by 1 80.8, to determine <
pliance with the combined tmltsiim
This initial performance test is to be
uled so that the first boOer operating dey ef
the 30 •uonesstve boiler «p«^««»g day* to
completed within 80 days after initial
atlon subject to the 470 ng/J (1.1 tt>/
Btu) combined emission limit. PoUowto«8*f
initial performance test, a separate perftjge*
Is mmnieted at the end ef see*
Unit 1 and Unit 3 sse
subject to 180.43(eX and new 30 day i
emission rate ealenlated.
12.1 PoUowim the talUal
test, a new 30 day average emisetan rase to
calculated each lurfht miniating ^T Vbt ss*
feeted facfflty is sobjeet to eo.iXex n Ms»
owner or operator of toe-affected fseflKs*
elects to comply with |80.43(e) after e»s er
more periods of reverting to the 8M vg/f
heat mput (M w/mffllon Btu) ttmtt m*m
180.43 to
calculated using emissions date of the egg*
rent boUer operating day
previous H toouer opcnfl
• To be completed by the Agency.
affected facility was subject to |80.4XeX
Operation of the affected facOtty
180.43UX2) Is not-considered
•ting day. Emissions data collected
such periods are considered relative to 4J
i-data are «et included to
culations of emissions under 180.43te).
3J.2 When the affeeted faculty 1st
ed under the provieloBs of |88.43(el. the
1126
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