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Concentrated
Animal
Feeding
Operations
Glean, Itlatesi, Act
Will My Operation Be Regulated?
In December 2002, EPA revised the Clean Water
Act regulation for Concentrated Animal Feeding
Operations, or CAFOs. This pamphlet will help you
understand how the revised CAFO regulations
might affect your operation.
Other Pamphlets in EPA's CAFO Clean Water
Act Requirements Information Series
What Are the Federal Requirements for Swine CAFOs?
EPA 833-F-02-007
What Are the Federal Requirements for Chicken and
Turkey CAFOs?
EPA 833-F-02-008
What Are the Federal Requirements for Dairy Cow and
Heifer CAFOs?
EPA 833-F-02-009
What Are the Federal Requirements for Beef Cattle and
Veal Calf CAFOs?
EPA833-F-02-0010
What Are the Federal Requirements for Horse and
Sheep CAFOs?
EPA 833-F-02-0011
What Are the Federal Requirements for Duck CAFOs?
EPA833-F-02-0012
What Are the Federal Record-Keeping and Reporting
Requirements?
EPA833-F-02-0013
How do I contact my permitting authority?
Visit www.epa.gov/npdes/statecontacts for contact
information on your permitting authority.
Where can I get copies of these brochures and
more information?
Call the Office of Water Resource Center,
(202) 566-1729 to request copies of these pamphlets and
other documents. Call the CAFO Phone Line at
(202) 564-0766 with questions or visit the following EPA or
U5DA web sites.
EPA:
www.epa.gov/npdes/caforule
www.epa.gov/agriculture
USDA:
www.usda.gov
Photos courtesy of U5DA, Woodland Farm Inc., and U5EFA OECA
EPA 833-F-02-006
December 2002
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Is my operation a CAFO?
Your operation is an animal feeding operation (AFO) if
You confine animals for at least 45 days in a 12-month period and
There's no grass or other vegetation in the confinement area during the normal
growing season
Your operation is a CAFO if
It meets the definition of an AFO and
The operation meets one of the following CAFO definitions
Large CAFOs
Your operation is a Large CAFO if it has at least
• 700 mature dairy cows • 1,000 veal calves
• 1,000 beef cattle or heifers • 500 horses
• 2,500 swine (each 55 Ibs or more) • 10,000 sheep or lambs
• 10,000 swine (each under 55 Ibs) • 55,000 turkeys
• 30,000 ducks (other than liquid manure handling systems)
• 5,000 ducks (liquid manure handling systems)
• 30,000 chickens (liquid manure handling systems)
• 125,000 chickens except laying hens (other than liquid manure handling systems)
• 82,000 laying hens (other than liquid manure handling systems)
Medium CAFOs
Your operation is a Medium CAFO if
A man-made ditch or pipe carries
manure or wastewater from your
operation to surface water
Your animals come into contact with
or surface water running through the
area where they're confined
And your operation has at least
• 200 mature dairy cows
• 300 beef cattle or heifers
• 750 swine (each 55 Ibs or more)
• 3,000 swine (each under 55 Ibs)
• 300 veal calves
• 150 horses
• 3,000 sheep or lambs
• 16,500 turkeys
• 10,000 ducks (other than liquid manure handling systems)
• 1,500 ducks (liquid manure handling systems)
• 9,000 chickens (liquid manure handling systems)
• 37,500 chickens except laying hens (other than liquid manure handling systems)
• 25,000 laying hens (other than liquid manure handling systems)
Designated CAFOs
Mo matter what size your operation is, if it is an AFO, it may be designated a CAFO. If your
permitting authority inspects your operation and finds that it's adding pollutants to surface
waters, you might need a CAFO permit.
My operation is a
CAFO. What do I do
now?
You must apply for
a permit. Contact
your state permitting
authority to find out
how to apply. (See
insert for contact
information.)
What will the permit
require me to do?
The permit will
require you to control
pollutants at your
operation and keep
them from getting
into surface waters.
See the other EPA
CAFO pamphlets to
learn more.
And don't forget
to contact your
permitting authority
for specific details.
What if my operation
discharges only during
large storms?
If you meet one of
the CAFO definitions,
you must apply for a
permit even if your
operation discharges
manure or wastewater
only when there's a
large storm.
When will the
regulation affect my
operation?
If you already have
a CAFO permit, the
regulation won't affect
you until your permit
expires and you must
reapply for a new one.
If you're applying for
a permit for the first
time, contact your
permitting authority.
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