United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office Of Water
(EN-336)
EPA 833-F-93-001
March 1993
vvEPA
Overview Of The
Storm Water Program
Recycled/Recyclable
Printed on paper that contains
at least 50% recycled fiber
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Overview of the Storm Water Program
STORM WATER PROGRAM
BACKGROUND
The 1972 amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA, also referred to as the Clean
Water Act or CWA) prohibit the discharge of any pollutant to waters of the United States from a point
source unless the discharge is authorized by a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
permit. Efforts to improve water quality under the NPDES program traditionally have focused on reducing
pollutants in discharges of industrial process wastewater and from municipal sewage treatment plants.
Efforts to address storm water discharges under the NPDES program have generally been limited to certain
industrial categories with effluent limitations for storm water.
In response to the need for comprehensive NPDES requirements for discharges of storm water, Congress
amended the CWA in 1987 to require the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish phased
NPDES requirements for storm water discharges. To implement these requirements, EPA published the ini-
tial permit application requirements for certain categories of storm water discharges associated with indus-
trial activity, and discharges from municipal separate storm sewer systems located in municipalities with a
population of 100,000 or more on November 16, 1990, (55 FR 47990). Storm water discharge permits will
provide a mechanism for monitoring the discharge of pollutants to waters of the United States and for
establishing appropriate controls.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Pollutants in storm water discharges from many sources are largely uncontrolled. The "National Water
Quality Inventory, 1990 Report to Congress" provides a general assessment of water quality based on bien-
nial reports submitted by the States under Section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act. The Report indicates that
roughly 30% of identified cases of water quality impairment are attributable to storm water discharges.
The States identified a number of major sources of storm water runoff that cause water quality impacts
including separate storm sewers, construction, waste disposal, and resource extraction.
INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES COVERED
EPA has defined the term "storm water discharge associated with industrial activity" in a comprehensive
manner to address over 100,000 facilities (see Attachment VII for a complete definition). All storm water
discharges associated with industrial activity that discharge through municipal separate storm sewer sys-
tems or that discharge directly to waters of the U.S., are required to obtain NPDES permit coverage, includ-
ing those which discharge through systems located in municipalities with a population of less than 100,000.
Discharges of storm water to a sanitary sewer system or to a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) are
excluded. Facilities with storm water discharges associated with industrial activity include: manufacturing
facilities; construction operations disturbing 5 or more acres; hazardous waste treatment, storage, or dispos-
al facilities; landfills; certain sewage treatment plants; recycling facilities; powerplants; mining operations;
some oil and gas operations; airports; and certain other transportation facilities. Operators of industrial
facilities that are Federally, State or municipally owned or operated that meet the description of the facili-
ties listed in 40 CFR 122.26(b)(14)(i)-(xi) must also submit applications.
TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1991
The Transportation Act of 1991 provides an exemption from storm water permitting requirements for cer-
tain industrial activities owned or operated by municipalities with a population of less than 100,000. Such
municipalities must submit storm water discharge permit applications for only airports, powerplants, and
uncontrolled sanitary landfills that they own or operate, unless a permit is otherwise required by the permit-
ting authority. The Transportation Act of 1991 also revises group application deadlines for facilities that
are owned or operated by municipalities with a population of less than 250,000. See Attachment II for
revised deadlines.
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9th CIRCUIT COURT DECISION
The 9th Circuit United States Court of Appeals' opinion in NRDC v. EPA (June 4, 1992) and the opinion in
AMC v. EPA (May 27, 1992), affirmed and upheld the basic structure and direction of the national storm
water program. In "NRDC", the Court upheld the definition of "municipal separate storm sewer system,"
the standards for municipal storm water controls, the scope of storm water requirements for oil and gas
operations, and EPA's decision not to provide public comment on Part 1 group industrial permit applica-
tions. On the question of deadlines, the Court noted that the storm water application deadlines clearly
exceeded statutory requirements, but refused to "roll back" the current regulatory deadlines. The Court
also emphasized, however, that any further regulatory extension would be illegal. In two other areas the
Court invalidated and remanded for further proceedings two regulatory exemptions from the definition of
"storm water discharges associated with industrial activity": (1) the exemption for construction sites dis-
turbing less than 5 acres of land (category x), and (2) the exemption of certain "light" manufacturing facili-
ties without exposure of materials and activities to storm water (category xi). In response to these two
remands, the Agency intends to conduct further rulemaking proceedings on construction activities under 5
acres and light industry without exposure as ordered by the Court. EPA will not require permit applications
for construction sites disturbing less than 5 acres of land and category xi facilities without exposure until
this further rulemaking is completed. In "AMC," the Court upheld EPA's regulation of storm water dis-
charges from inactive mines.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OPTIONS
The November 16, 1990, storm water regulation presents three permit application options for storm water
discharges associated with industrial activity. The first option is to submit an individual application con-
sisting of Forms 1 and 2F. The second option is to participate in a group application. This option, howev-
er, is no longer available as the deadlines have passed. The third option is to file a Notice of Intent (NOI)
to be covered under a general permit in accordance with the requirements of an issued general permit. The
following overview briefly outlines each of these three options and the subsequent attachments provide a
more detailed explanation.
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A. INDIVIDUAL APPLICATIONS
Operators of facilities with storm water discharges associated with industrial activity who did not partici-
pate in a group application or did not obtain coverage under a general permit, must submit an individual
application consisting of Form 1 and Form 2F. The information required in Form 2F includes a site
drainage map, a narrative description of the site identifying potential pollutant sources, and quantitative
testing data. There are specific requirements for construction activities and oil and gas operations and min-
ing operations. See Attachment I for additional information.
B. GROUP APPLICATIONS
The group application procedure was an option available for facilities that have similar industrial opera-
tions, waste streams and other characteristics. Group applications reduced the burden on the regulated
community by requiring the submission of quantitative data from only selected members of the group. The
group application was submitted in two parts. Part 1 of the application identified all participants, provided
facility specific information and proposed a representative sampling subgroup. Part 2 of the application
consists of sampling data from each member of the sampling subgroup identified in Part 1 of the applica-
tion. See Attachment II for additional information.
C. GENERAL PERMIT - NOI REQUIREMENTS
Industrial storm water dischargers that submit an NOI to be covered by the. general permit are not required
to submit an individual permit application or participate in a group application, provided the discharger is
eligible for the permit and an individual permit application is not required by the Director on a case-by-case
basis. Submitting an NOI represents a significantly less burden than submitting an individual application
or participating in a group application. The NOI requirements for general permits usually address only
general information and typically do not require the collection of monitoring data. Submittal of an NOI is
only possible where applicable general permits have been issued by the permitting authority. EPA has
finalized general permits for construction and industrial activity in the 12 States without NPDES authoriza-
tion (57 FR 41176, September 9, 1992 and 57 FR 44412, September 25, 1992). As of March 1993, 35 of
the 39 authorized NPDES States have general permit authority. See Attachments III, IV and V for addi-
tional information.
INDUSTRIAL PERMIT APPLICATION DEADLINES
Type of Application
A Individual
A Group
All industrial activities except
those owned or operated by a
municipality with a population of
less than 250,000.
Industrial activities owned or
operated by a municipality with
a population of less than
250,000.
A General Permit NOI
Deadline
October 1, 1992
Part 1 Part 2
September 30, 1991 October 1, 1992
May 18,1992 May 17, 1993
October 1, 1992
(for EPA's general permits)
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MUNICIPAL APPLICATIONS
"Municipal separate storm sewer" is defined as any conveyance or system of conveyances that is owned or
operated by a State or local government entity designed for collecting and conveying storm water which is
not part of a POTW. The application requirements do not apply to discharges from combined sewers (sys-
tems designed as both a sanitary sewer and a storm sewer). Municipal separate storm sewer systems that
are addressed by the November 16, 1990, regulations include storm sewer systems located in 173 cities
with populations of 100,000 or more; located in 47 counties identified by EPA as having populations over
100,000 in unincorporated, urbanized areas; and systems that are designated by the Director based on con-
sideration of the location of the discharge with respect to waters of the United States, the size of the dis-
charge, the quantity and nature of the pollutants discharged to waters of the United States, the interrelation-
ship to other regulated storm sewer systems, and other factors. The operator of a designated system will be
notified by the Director. Under the November 16, 1990, storm water rule, those municipal separate storm
sewer systems identified must submit a two-part application. The first part requires information regarding
existing programs and the means available to the municipality to control pollutants. In addition, part one
requires a field screening analysis of major outfalls to detect illicit connections. Building on this informa-
tion, the second part requires a limited amount of representative quantitative data and a description of a
proposed storm water management plan. See Attachment V for a detailed explanation of the two-part
application process.
MUNICIPAL APPLICATIONS DEADLINES
Large Municipalities
(over 250,000)
Medium Municipalities
(100,000-250,000)
Part 1
November 18, 1991
May 18, 1992
Part 2
November 16, 1992
May 17, 1993
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ATTACHMENT I
INDIVIDUAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
These requirements address storm water discharges associated with industrial activity that are not
authorized by a general permit and that are not included in a group application.
Application Forms
A Applicants for discharges composed entirely of storm water must submit Forms 1 and 2F
A Applicants for discharges composed of storm water and process wastewater must submit
Forms 1,2C, and 2F
A Applicants for new sources or new discharges composed of storm water and non-storm
water must submit Forms 1, 2D, and 2F
A Applicants for discharges composed of storm water and nonprocess wastewater must submit
Forms 1,2E, and 2F
A Authorized NPDES States may establish their own forms which are at least as stringent as
EPA's forms.
A Forms are available from State permitting authorities for facilities located in NPDES autho-
rized States, or from EPA Regional Offices for facilities located in States without.NPDES
authorization. . •
Form 2F Requirements . • ;
A Site map showing topography and/or drainage areas and site characteristics.
A Estimate of impervious surface area and the total area drained by each outfall.
A Description of significant materials exposed to storm water, including current materials ,
management practices.
A Certification that outfalls have been tested or evaluated for the presence of non-storm water
discharges that are not covered by a NPDES permit.
A Information on significant leaks and spills in last 3 years.
A Quantitative testing data for the following parameters:
- Any pollutants limited in an effluent guideline to which the facility is subject
- Any pollutant listed in the facility's NPDES permit for process wastewater
- Oil and grease, pH, BOD5, COD, TSS, total phosphorus, nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen, and
total Kjeldahl nitrogen .
- Certain pollutants known to be in the discharge
- Flow measurements or estimates
- Date and duration of storm event.
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Individual Application Requirements for Construction Activities
A Provide a narrative description of:
- Location and nature of construction activity (including a map)
- Total area of the site and area to be excavated
- Proposed measures to control pollutants in storm water discharges during and after construc-
tion operations
- Estimate of runoff coefficient and increase in impervious areas after construction
- Name of receiving water.
A No quantitative sampling.
A Application deadline
- 90 days prior to date when construction begins.
A EPA has not developed a standard form for these discharges at this time (Form 2F is not
required).
Application Requirements for Oil & Gas Operations and Mining Operations
A Operators of oil & gas facilities are not required to submit a permit application unless the
facility:
- Has had a discharge of a reportable quantity for which notice is required under CERCLA or
CWA in the past 3 years, or
- Contributes to a violation of a water quality standard.
A Operators of active and inactive mining sites are not required to submit permit applications ;
unless the discharge has come into contact with any overburden, raw material, intermediate
or finished products, byproducts, or waste products located onsite (inactive coal mining
operations released from SMCRA performance bonds and non-coal mining operations '
released from applicable State or Federal reclamation requirements after December 17,
1990, are not required to submit permit applications). :
Available Guidance ,
Guidance Manual For The Preparation of NPDES Permit Applications for Storm Water Discharges
Ars*°cJ,a,t<~d with Industrial Activity (Order #PB92199058), available from NTIS, (703) 487-4&0-;
NPDES Storm Water Sampling Guidance Document, available from the Storm Water Hotline, (703)
821-4823.
Deadline
October 1, 1992, or 180 days prior to commencement of a new discharge.
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ATTACHMENT II
GROUP APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
Facilities that discharge storm water associated with industrial activity had until September 30, 1991, to
file Part I of the group application in lieu of submitting a complete individual application or an NOI to
be covered by a general permit. The Transportation Act of 1991, however, extended the group applica-
tion deadlines for certain industrial activities owned or operated by a municipality with a population of
less than 250,000. Facilities that are part of the same effluent guideline subcategory or with similar
activities and operations were eligible to submit a group application. EPA received 1,243 Part I group
applications coverings approximately 60,000 facilities.
The group application was submitted in two parts. Part 1 of the application was due by September 30,
1991, and Part 2 of the application was due by October 1, 1992. These deadlines applied to all industri-
al activities except those owned or operated by a municipality with a population or less than 250,000.
For these facilities, Part 1 of the application was due by May 18, 1992, and Part 2 of the application is
due by May 17, 1993. Both parts were submitted directly to U.S. EPA Headquarters, Office of
Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance (EN-336), 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460,
regardless of whether or not the included facilities are in a NPDES authorized State. The
Transportation Act also addressed municipally owned or operated industrial activities that were denied
by EPA from the group application process. Such facilities must submit an individual application or be
.covered by a general permit within 180 days after the denial was made, or by October 1, 1992,
whichever is later.
EPA is currently taking both parts of the application and formulating model permit language. The com-
plete applications and model permit language will then be distributed to every NPDES authorized State
or EPA Region (if the State is not NPDES. authorized) in which participants are located. The State then
reviews the application and model permit language. The State may consider the application and model
permit language when issuing permits (either individual or general). The State may ask each or any of
the applicants for more information on their facility and/or discharge if the State needs additional infor-
mation. EPA Regional Offices will follow these same steps for participants located in States without
NPDES authorization.
Parti
Part 2
A list of participants by name, location, and precipitation zone
A summary of each participant's industrial activities
An explanation of wny the participants are sufficiently similar
A list of significant materials stored outside by each participant and materials management
practices
A list of representative dischargers that will submit test data in Part 2.
Quantitative testing data must be submitted by those facilities identified as "samplers" in
Part I of the application.
- For groups of 4 to 20 members, 50 percent of the facilities must submit data; for groups with
21 to 99, a minimum of 10 dischargers must submit quantitative data; for groups with 100' to
1,000 members, a minimum of 10 percent of the facilities must submit data; for groups with
greater than 1,000 members, no more than 100 facilities must submit data; there must be 2
dischargers from each precipitation zone in which 10 or more members of the group are
located, or 1 discharger from each precipitation zone in which 9 or fewer members are locat-
ed. Testing requirements are described under 40 CFR 122.26(c)(l)(i)(E) and 40 CFR
122.21(g)(7l.
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Additional Information
A model group application accompanied by detailed information on how to complete both Part 1 and
Part 2 group applications is available from the Storm Water Hotline, (703) 821-4823. Technical support
with regard to sampling procedures is also available from the hotline (NPDES Storm Water Sampling
Guidance Document).
Deadlines
A All Industrial Activities Except
Those Owned Or Operated By
A Municipality With A
Population Of Less Than
250,000
A Industrial Activities Owned or
Operated By A Municipality
With A Population Of Less
Than 250,000
Part 1 - September 30, 1991
Part 2-October 1, 1992
Part 1-May 18, 1992
Part 2 - May 17, 1993
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ATTACHMENT III
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS (GENERAL INFORMATION)
On September 9 and 25, 1992, EPA issued general permits for construction and industrial activities (57
PR 41176 and 44412) which are intended to initially coyer the majority of storm water discharges asso-
ciated with industrial activity in 12 States and 6 territories without authorized NPDES programs. As of
March 1993, 35 of the 39 authorized NPDES States have authority to issue general permits. Facilities
in authorized NPDES States should contact their State permitting agencies to determine the status of the
general permitting program. The following tables (Attachments Til, IV and V) outline conditions in
PA's general permits for industrial activities and construction activities.
Areas of Coverage
A Region I— MA, ME, NH; Indian lands in MA, NH, ME. Region II—PR and Indian lands
in NY. Region HI—DC, Federal facilities in DE. Region IV— FL; Indian lands in FL,
MS, NC. Region VI—LA, NM, OK, TX. Region VII—SD; Indian lands in CO, MT, ND,
SD, UT (except Goshute Reservation and Navajo Reservation lands), WY; Federal facilities
in CO; Ute Mountain Reservation in CO, and NM. Region IX— American Sanxm and
Guam; AZ; Territories of Johnston Atoll, and Midway and Wake Island; Indian lands in CA,
and NV; Goshute Reservations in UT and NV, Navajo Reservations in UT, NM, and AZ,
Duck Valley Reservation in NV and ID. Region X—AK, and ID; Indian lands in AK, ID
(except Duck Valley Reservation lands), and WA; Federal facilities in WA.
Types of Discharges Covered
A EPA's general permits cover the majority of storm water discharges associated with industri-
al activity. Storm water discharges associated with industrial activity that cannot be autho-
rized by EPA's general permits include those:
- With an existing effluent limitations guideline for storm water
- That are mixed with non-storm water, unless the non-storm water discharges are in compli-
ance with a different NPDES permit
- With an existing NPDES individual or general permit for the storm water discharges
- That are or may reasonably be expected to be contributing to a violation of a water quality
standard
- That are likely to adversely effect a listed or proposed to be listed endangered or threatened
species or its critical habitat
- From inactive mining, or inactive oil and gas operations or inactive landfills occurring on
Federal lands where an operator cannot be identified (industrial permit only).
NOI Requirements
A A facility must submit a Notice of Intent (NOI) to be authorized by the general permit.
A NOI's do not require the collection of discharge sampling data.
A Facilities which discharge to a large or medium municipal separate storm sewer system must
also submit signed copies of the NOI to the operator of the municipal system.
,, A Operators of construction activities must.also submit signed copies of the NOI,to State.or ....
, , ,, local agencies approving sediment and erp,sion or storm water management plans under
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which the construction activity is operating.
map f/M- WnTV J r o
Deadlines for NOPs
A
A
On or before October 1, 1992 for existing industrial activities
: or construction activities which begin industrial activity after October 1,1992, an
NOI shall be submitted at least 2 days prior to the commencement of the industrial activity.
A NOFs must be sent to the following address:
Storm Water Notice of Intent
P.O. Box 1215
Newington, VA 22122
Special Conditions
A Prohibition on most types of non-storm water discharges as a component of discharges
authorized by this permit. (These discharges should already have an NPDES permit.)
However, EPA's permits authorize certain types of non-storm water discharges.
A In the event there is a release(s) of a hazardous substance in excess of reportable quantities
established under the CWA or CERCLA (see 40 CFR 117.3, 40 CFR 302.4) the discharger
must &
- Notify the National Response Center and the Director, and modify the storm water pollution
prevention plan.
Pollution Prevention Plan Reauirements
Operators of all facilities covered by EPA's general permits must prepare and implement a
storm water pollution prevention plan.
0741-Aa
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ATTACHMENT IV
EPA INDUSTRIAL GENERAL PERMIT (SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS)
Contents of NOT for Industrial Activities
A Street address or latitude/longitude
A SIC Code or identification of industrial activity
A Operator's name, address, telephone number, and status as Federal, State, private, public, or
other entity
A Permit number(s) of any existing NPDES permit(s)
A Name of receiving water(s)
A Indication of whether the owner or operator has existing quantitative data describing the
concentration of pollutants in storm water discharges
A A certification that a storm water pollution prevention plan has been prepared for the facility
(for industrial activities that begin operations after October 1, 1992).
Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements for Industrial Activities
The Pollution Prevention Plan is considered to be the most important requirement of the General
Permit Each industrial facility covered by the general permit must develop a Plan, tailored to the site
specific conditions, and designed with the goal to control the amount of pollutants in storm water dis-
charges from the site.
A Pollution Prevention Team - Each facility will select a Pollution Prevention Team from its
staff, and the Team will be responsible for developing and implementing the Plan.
A Components of the Plan - The permit requires that the Plan contain a description of poten-
tial pollutant sources, and a description of the measures and controls to prevent or minimize
pollution of storm water. The description of potential pollutant sources must include:
- A map of the facility indicating the areas which drain to each storm water discharge point
- An indication of the industrial activities which occur in each drainage area
- A prediction of the pollutants which are likely to be present in the storm water
- A description the likely source of pollutants from the site
- An inventory of the materials which may be exposed to storm water
- The history of spills or leaks of toxic or hazardous materials for the past 3 years.
The measures and controls to prevent or minimize pollution of storm water must include:
- Good housekeeping or upkeep of industrial areas exposed to storm water
- Preventive maintenance of storm water controls and other facility equipment
- Spill prevention and response procedures to minimize the potential for and the impact of
spills
- Test all outfalls to insure there are no cross connections (only storm water is discharged)
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- Training of employees on pollution prevention measures and controls, and record keeping.
The permit also requires that facilities:
separators, vegetative
Inspection/Site Compliance Evaluation - Facility personnel must inspect the plant equip-
ment and industrial areas on a regular basis. At least once every year a more tSouS site
compliance evaluation must be performed by facility personnel morougn site
- Look for evidence of pollutants entering the drainage system
- Evaluate the performance of pollution prevention measures
- Identify areas where the Plan should be revised to reduce the discharge of pollutants
- Document both the routine inspections and the annual site compliance evaluation in a report.
~ The H?n 9s11, incorporate other plans which a facility may have already pre-
and "
1 '• 1993> and the
by a responsible oprporate offlcial SUGh as
shouW be
i-Anmial Monitoring/Annual Rennrtin? Requirement
EPCRA Section'313 facilities . .•'-...
Primary metal industries Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 33
Land disposal units/incinerators/BIF's
Wood treatment facilities - , , .
Facilities with coal pile runoff .......
A Battery reclaimers ,
Annual Monitoring/No Reporting Requirements
A Airports with at least 50,000 flight operations per year -
A Coal-fired steam electric facilities
A Animal handling/meat packing facilities
A
A
A
A
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A Additional facilities, including:
- SIC 30 and 28 with storage piles for solid chemicals used as raw materials that are exposed
to precipitation
- Certain automobile junkyards
- Lime manufacturing facilities where storm water comes into contact with lime storage piles
- Oil handling sites at oil fired steam electric power generating facilities
- Cement manufacturing and cement kilns
- Ready-mix concrete facilities
- Shipbuilding and repairing facilities
Additional Monitoring Requirements
A Testing parameters for facilities are listed in the general permits.
A At a minimum, all dischargers must conduct an annual site inspection of the facility.
Alternative Certification
A A discharger is not subject to the monitoring requirements for a given outfall if there is no
exposure of industrial areas or activities to storm water within the drainage area of that out-
fall within a given year.
A The discharger must certify, on an annual basis, that there is no exposure to storm water, and
such certification must be retained in the storm water pollution prevention plan. Facilities
subject to semi-annual monitoring requirements must submit this certification to EPA in lieu
of monitoring data.
Numeric Effluent Limitations
A Coal pile runoff: 50 mg/1 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and 6-9 pH
Available Guidance
Storm Water Management for Industrial Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best
Management Practices, available from NTIS (703) 487-4650, order number PB 92-235969; Summary:
Storm Water Management for Industrial Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best
Management Practices (October 1992), available from the Storm Water Hotline, (703) 821-4823.
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ATTACHMENT V
EPA CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS (SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS)
Coverage
A Storm water discharges from construction sites that are authorized by this permit include
those that will result in the disturbance of 5 or more acres of land.
Contents of NOI for Construction Activities
A Street address or latitude/longitude
A The name, address, telephone number of the operator(s) with day to day operational control
and operator status as Federal, State, private, public, or other entity
A Permit number(s) of any existing NPDES permit(s)
A Name of receiving water(s)
A Indication of whether the owner or operator has existing quantitative data describing the
concentration of pollutants in storm water discharges
A An estimate of the project start date and completion dates and estimates of the number of
disturbed acres
A A certification that a storm water pollution prevention plan has been prepared for the facility
Deadlines for Notification
A An NOI shall be submitted at least 2 days prior to the commencement of constructipn (com-
mencement of construction is defined as the initial disturbance of soils associated with clear-
ing, grading, or excavating activities or other construction activities) at any site that will
result in the disturbance of 5 or more acres total land area.
Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements for Construction Activities
The Pollution Prevention Plan is considered to be the most important requirement of the General
Permit. Each construction activity covered by the general permit must develop a Plan, tailored to the
site specific conditions, and designed with the goal to control the amount of pollutants in storm water
discharges from the site.
A Components of the Plan - The permit requires that the Plan contain a site description, and a
description of the measures and controls to prevent or minimize pollution of storm water.
The site description must include:
- A description of the nature of the construction activity
- A sequence of major construction activities
- An estimate of the total area of the site and of the area to be disturbed
- An estimate of the runoff coefficient of the site after construction is complete
- Any existing data on the quality of storm water discharge from the site
- The name or the receiving water
- Any information on the type of soils at the site; and
- A site map indicating drainage patterns and slopes after grading activities are complete, areas
of soil disturbance, the outline of the area to be disturbed, the location of stabilization
measures and controls, and surface waters at the discharge points.
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Measures and Controls - Measures and controls to prevent or minimize pollution of storm
water must include three different types of controls: erosion and sediment controls storm
water management controls and other controls:
- Erosion and Sediment Controls
• Stabilization (seeding, mulching, etc.) - Disturbed areas where construction has perma-
nently or temporarily ceased must be stabilized within 14 days of the last disturbance or
as soon as practicable in semi-arid and arid areas. (Areas which will be redisturbed
within 21 days do not have to be stabilized).
* Str"ctural Controls - Sites with common drainage locations that serve 10 or more dis-
turbed acres must install a sediment basin where it is attainable (where a basin is not
attainable, sediment traps, silt fence or other equivalent measures must be installed
bediment basins must provide 3,600 cubic feet of storage per acre drained Drainage
locations which serve less than 10 disturbed acres must install either a sediment basin
sediment trap or silt fence along the down slope and side slope perimeter.
Plan shall be completed prior to submittal of an NOI and updated as appropriate.
For constrain activities that have begun after October 1, 1992, the plan shall provide for
compliance with the terms and schedule of the plan beginning with the initiation of con-
struction activities.
Available Guidance
Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best
Management Practices, available from NITS (703) 487-4650; orler number PB 92-235951; Summon-
Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best
Management Practices (October 1992), available from the Storm Water Hotline (703) 821-4823.
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ATTACHMENT VI
MUNICIPAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
The CWA requires that NPDES permits for discharges from municipal separate storm sewer systems
include a requirement to effectively prohibit non-storm water discharges into the storm sewers, and con-
trols to reduce the discharge of pollutants to the maximum extent practicable (including management
practices, control techniques and system design and engineering methods, and other provisions appro-
priate for the control of such pollutants). EPA or authorized NPDES States may issue system-wide or
jurisdiction-wide permits covering all discharges from a municipal separate storm sewer system. The
November 1990 storm water final rule established requirements for a two-part permit application
designed to facilitate development of site specific permit conditions. The permit application require-
ments provide municipal applicants an opportunity to propose appropriate management programs to
control pollutants in discharges from their municipal systems. This increases flexibility to develop
appropriate permit conditions and ensures input from municipalities in developing appropriate controls.
Parti
Part 2
General information (name, address, etc.)
Existing legal authority and any additional authorities needed
Source identification information
Discharge characterization including:
- Monthly mean rain and snow fall estimates
- Existing quantitative data on volume and quality of storm water discharges
- A list of receiving water bodies and existing information on the impacts of receiving waters
- Field screening analysis for illicit connections and illegal dumping.
Characterization plan identifying representative outfalls for further sampling in Part 2
Description of existing management programs to control pollutants from the municipal sepa-
rate storm sewer and to identify illicit connections
Description of financial budget and resources currently available to complete Part 2.
Demonstration of adequate legal authority to control discharges, prohibit illicit discharges,
require compliance, and carry out inspections, surveillance, and monitoring
Source identification indicating the location of any major outfalls and identifying facilities
that discharge storm water associated with industrial activity through the municipal separate ;
storm sewer , ,
Discharge characterization data including
- Quantitative data from 5-10 representative locations in approved sampling plans (
- For selected conventional pollutants and heavy metals, estimates of the annual pollutant load
and event mean concentration of system discharges
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Overview of the Storm Water Program
- Proposed schedule to provide estimates of seasonal pollutant loads and the mean concentra-
tion for certain detected constituents in a representative storm event
- Proposed monitoring program for representative data collection.
A Proposed management program including descriptions of:
- Structural and source control measures that are to be implemented to reduce pollutants in
runoff from commercial and residential areas
- Program to detect and remove illicit discharges
- Program to monitor and control pollutants from municipal landfills, hazardous waste treat-
ment, disposal, and recovery facilities; EPCRA Section 313 facilities; and other priority
industrial facilities
- Program to control pollutants in construction site runoff.
A Estimated reduction in loadings of pollutants as a result of the management program
A Fiscal analysis of necessary capital and operation and maintenance expenditures.
Available Guidance
Guidance Manual for the Preparation of Part 1 of the NPDES Permit Application for Discharges from
Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems and NPDES Storm Water Sampling Guidance Document,
available from NTIS (703) 487-4650, order number PB 92-114578; Guidance Manual for the
Preparation of Part 2 of the NPDES Permit Applications for Discharges from Municipal Seperate
Storm Sewers Systems, available from the Storm Water Hotline, (703) 821-4823.
Deadlines
Large Municipal Systems With
A Population Of 250,000 Or
More:
(55 EE 48073, Novemer 16,1990,
Appendices F and H)
Medium Municipal Systems
With A Population of 100,000
to 250,000:
(55 FR 48074, November 16, 1990
Appendices G and I)
Part 1 - November 18,1991
Part 2 - November 16, 1992
Parti -May 18, 1992
Part 2 - May 17, 1993
March 18,1993
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Overview of the Storm Water Program
ATTACHMENT VH
STORM WATER DISCHARGE ASSOCIATED WITH INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY
The discharge from any conveyance which is used for collecting and conveying storm water and which
is directly related to manufacturing, processing or raw materials storage areas at an industrial plant.
The term does not include discharges from facilities or activities excluded from the NPDES program
under 40 CFR Part 122. For the categories of industries identified in subparagraphs (i) through (x) of
this subsection, the term includes, but is not limited to, storm water discharges from industrial plant
yards; immediate access roads and rail lines used or traveled by carriers of raw materials, manufactured
products, waste material, or by-products used or created by the facility; material handling sites; refuse
sites; sites used for the application or disposal of process waste waters (as defined at 40 CFR 401); sites
used for the storage and maintenance of material handling equipment; sites used for residual treatment,
storage, or disposal; shipping and receiving areas; manufacturing buildings; storage areas (including
tank farms) for raw materials, and intermediate and finished products; and areas where industrial activi-
ty has taken place in the past and significant materials remain and are exposed to storm water. For the
categories or industries identified in subparagraph (xi), the term includes only storm water discharges
from all the areas (except access roads and rail lines) that are listed in the previous sentence where
material handling equipment or activities, raw materials, intermediate products, final products, waste
material, by-products, or industrial machinery are exposed to storm water. For the purposes of this
paragraph, material handling activities include the: storage, loading and unloading, transportation, or
conveyance of any raw material, intermediate product, finished product, by-product or waste product.
The term excludes areas located on plant lands separate from the plant's industrial activities, such as
office buildings and accompanying parking lots as long as the drainage from the excluded areas is not
mixed with storm water drained from the above described areas. Industrial facilities (including industri-
al facilities that are Federally, State, or municipally owned or operated that meet the description of the
facilities listed in this paragraph (i)-(xi) include those facilities designated under the provision of
122.26(a)(l)(v). The following categories of facilities are considered to be engaging in "industrial
activity" for purposes of this subsection:
(i) Facilities subject to storm water effluent limitations guidelines, new source performance
standards, or toxic pollutant effluent standards under 40 CFR Subchapter N (except facilities
with toxic pollutant effluent standards which are excepted under category (xi) of this para-
graph);
(ii) Facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 24 (except 2434), 26 (except
265 and 267), 28 (except 283 and 285) 29, 311, 32 (except 323), 33, 3441, 372;
(iii) Facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 10 though 14 (mineral indus-
try) including active or inactive mining operations (except for areas of coal mining opera-
tions no longer meeting the definition of a reclamation area under 40 CFR 434.11(1) oecause
the performance bond issued to the facility by the appropriate SMCRA authority has been
released, or except for areas of non-coal mining operations which have been released from
applicable State or Federal reclamation requirements after December 17, 1990 and oil and
gas exploration, production, processing, or treatment operations, or transmission facilities
that discharge storm water contaminated by contact with or that has come into contact with,
any overburden, raw material, intermediate products, finished products, byproducts or waste
products located on the site of such operations; (inactive mining operations are mining sites
that are not being actively mined, but which have an identifiable owner/operator; inactive
mining sites do not include sites where mining claims are being maintained prior to distur-
bances associated with the extraction, beneficiation, or processing of mined materials, nor
sites where minimal activities are undertaken for the sole purpose of maintaining mining
claim);
(iy) Hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities, including those that are oper-
ating under interim status or a permit under Subtitle C of RCRA;
(v) Landfills, land application sites, and open dumps that receive or have received any
industrial wastes (waste that is received from any of the facilities described under this sub- •
section) including those that are subject to regulation under Subtitle D of RCRA;
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(vi) Facilities involved in the recycling of materials, including metal scrapyards, battery
reclaimers, salvage yards, and automobiles junkyards, including but limited to those classi-
fied as Standard Industrial Classification 5015 and 5093;
(vii) Steam electric, power generating facilities, including coal handling sites;
(vni) Transportation facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 40, 41, 42
(except 4221-25), 43, 44, 45, and 5171 which have vehicle maintenance shops, equipment
cleaning operations, or airport deicing operations. Only those portions of the facility that
are either involved in vehicle maintenance (including vehicle rehabilitation, mechanical
repairs, painting, fueling, and lubrication), equipment cleaning operations, airport deicing
operations, or which are otherwise identified under paragraphs (i)-(vii) or (ix)-(xi) of this
subsection are associated with industrial activity;
(ix) Treatment works treating domestic sewage or any other sewage sludge or wastewater
treatment device or system, used in the storage treatment, recycling, and reclamation of
municipal or domestic sewage, including land dedicated to the disposal of sewage sludge
that are located within the confines of the facility, with a design flow of 1.0 mgd or more, or
required to have an approved pretreatment program under 40 CFR 403. Not included are
farm lands, domestic gardens or lands used for sludge management where sludge is benefi-
cially reused and which are not physically located m the confines of the facility, or areas
that are in compliance with Section 405 of the CWA;
(x) Construction activity including clearing, grading and excavation activities except: oper-
ations that result in the disturbance of less than five acres of total land area which are not
part of a larger common plan of development or sale;
(xi) Facilities under Standard Industrial Classification 20, 21, 22, 23, 2434, 25, 265, 267, 27
283, 285, 30, 31 (except 311), 323, 34 (except 3441), 35, 36, 37 (except 373), 38, 39, 4221-
25, (and which are not otherwise included within categories (ii)-(x))
Note: The Transportation Act of 1991 provides an exemption from storm water permitting
requirements for certain facilities owned or pperated by municipalities with a popu-
lation of less than 100,000. Such municipalities must submit storm water discharge
permit applications for only airports, power plants, and uncontrolled sanitary land-
fills that they own or operate, unless a permit is otherwise required by the permitting
authority. *
March 18,1993
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