United States
  Environmental Protection
  Agency

A Handbook
for Marina Operators
and Recreational Boaters

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          EPA-841-B-03-001
             January 2003
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds
           Mail Code 4503T
     1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
        Washington, DC 20460

        www. epa.gov/owow/nps

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A Handbook
for Marina Operators and
Recreational Boaters

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Why Be Concerned?	  1
    Marinas in the Watershed	  1
    Benefits of Clean Marinas and Boating	2
Management Measures and Practices	  3
    Best Practices	4
    Education Is the Key	4
Ship and Shore Management	  5
    Keeping Shipshape	5
       Boat Cleaning and Maintenance	  5
       Good Housekeeping	  6
       Boating Practices	  9
       Boat Sewage and Disposal	   10
    Marina Services and Amenities	  11
       Maintenance Areas	   11
       Storing and Handling Liquids	   12
       Fueling Stations	   12
       General Use Areas at the Marina	   14
Marina Design Considerations	16
    Water Quality and Marina Water Circulation	  16
    Aquatic Habitat	  17
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Nearly 17 million boats and more than 11,000 marinas and boatyards'1'
are in use today across the United States. The growth of recreational
boating and related activities like swimming and fishing has led to an
increasing awareness of the need to protect the quality of our nation's
waterways. It's up to all of us who recognize the value of clean and
clear waters to be conscientious stewards who protect and maintain
healthy water quality. Through such awareness we'll be able to ensure
that boating remains good, clean fun and is sustainable well into the
future.

Marinas in the Watershed
Many of the activities we do  on the water and at marinas contribute to
nonpoint source pollution—polluted runoff that occurs when rainfall
or snowmelt washes over land, picks up pollutants, and deposits them
into receiving waters. Because marinas are located right at the water's
edge, there is a strong potential for marina waters to become a recipi-
ent of pollutants, generated not only by boats and the marina itself
but also from upland areas in the watershed. A watershed comprises
all the land that drains into a single stream, lake, or estuary, and such
waterbodies are the most common marina locations.
Each marina is located at a shoreline—and within a larger watershed setting.

^'National Marine Manufacturing Association, 2001.
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What are the potential pollutants
from boats and marinas?
   •  Oil and gas, hydrocarbon
     by-products
   •  Boat sewage and pet waste
   •  Trash such as plastic rope/line,
     sheeting, cans, bottles
   •  Toxic metals, chemicals
   •  Solvents
   •  Antifreeze
   •  Detergents
   •  Sediment, nutrients
Boat cleaning products and toxic
chemicals used in cleaning boats and
in boat engine and hull maintenance
that are not cleaned up after the
work is completed can be carried
away during rainstorms and washed
directly into marina basin waters.
The effect of a single boat or marina
on a waterbody might seem insig-
nificant, but when multiplied by the
millions of boats and thousands of
marinas in use today, such effects
become apparent and significant.
    Benefits of  Clean Marinas and Boating
    Operating marinas and boats in an environmentally friendly way can
    result in many benefits.
       • Better water quality
       • Cleaner, safer marinas for boating, fishing, and swimming
       • Healthier fish and shellfish
       • Reduced marina maintenance costs
       • Higher marina profits
       • Increased waterside property values and economic development
       • Investment in a sustainable business and an environmental future
       • Marina recognition and rewards for environmental stewardship

    The Marine Environmental Education Foundation sponsors the
    National Clean Boating Campaign to celebrate clean marinas and
    clean boating through demonstrations of best management practices.

Several states recognize marinas for good environmental stewardship with a
special designation. In North Carolina, if a marina meets criteria developed
by the North Carolina Marine Trades Services and the Division of Coastal
Management, it is designated a Clean Marina. Such marinas
are eligible to fly the Clean Marina flag and use the logo in
their advertising. The flags signal to boaters that a marina cares
about the cleanliness of area waterways. Other states with active
clean marina initiatives are Florida, Maryland, and Virginia. The
Tennessee Valley Authority promotes clean boating through its
265 marinas throughout the Tennessee Valley.
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          (/
To help boaters and marina operators manage their activities in a
manner that reduces nonpoint source pollution, EPA published a
set of national guidelines and recommended practices in its National
Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from
Marinas and Recreational Boating document.ฎ The national guidelines
are based on a voluntary approach to the operation and management
of marinas and recreational boating, recognizing that they operate in
different waters all over the country. Management measures are goal-
oriented measures to control pollution from nonpoint
source runoff at marinas. These management
measures are intended to protect water resources,
enhance the aesthetic appeal of the marina basin,
and protect boaters and aquatic habitat from toxic
and other harmful substances. (See box below.)
Specific actions, called best management
practices, are used to fulfill the management
measures. These practices identify what
boaters and marina operators can do to
address polluted runoff from marinas
nationwide. This handbook introduces many
of the practices for clean marinas and clean
boating, which are based on the experience
and knowledge of marina operators
throughout the United States.
             Throughout the handbook,
             keep an eye out for
             who will point out important
             details and tips not to miss!
 Management Measures for Marinas and Recreational Boating
 Marina Flushing
 Water Quality Assessment
 Habitat Assessment
 Shoreline Stabilization
 Storm Water Runoff
 Fueling Station Design
 Petroleum Control
 Liquid Material Management
Solid Waste Management
Fish Waste Management
Sewage Facilities
Maintenance of Sewage Facilities
Boat Cleaning
Boat Operation
Public Education
^ See Web site: www.epa.gov/owow/nps/mmsp/index.html.
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The San Juan Bay Marina in Puerto Rico provides dry stack storage.

Best Practices
The best management practices discussed in this handbook are orga-
nized by activities typical in ship and shore management. Ship and
shore management covers good dockside housekeeping, boat operation
and maintenance, and marina services and amenities. An additional
section on marina design considerations discusses water circulation
and quality in marina basins. Many of the practices in  this handbook
                are already in use by marina managers and environ-
                mentally aware boaters who value clean waters and
                healthy aquatic habitat.

                Education Is the Key
                Boater education is one of the most effective ways
                      to prevent and reduce pollution in and around
                      marinas and to keep both marinas and boats
                      shipshape. Because the measures and best
                      practices recommended in this handbook ulti-
                      mately rely on individual actions, it's important
                      that marina managers, their customers, and
                      employees become educated on the causes  and
                      effects of water pollution in marina waters.
For numerous fact
sheets for both boaters
and marina operators
on the topic of boating
for fun with an eye on
the environment, visit
www.cleanboating.org.
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Keeping Shipshape
Regular boat maintenance is essential for keeping boats
in good operating condition. But some products used to
maintain, clean, polish, and paint boats
can threaten the health of marina
waters. Many of these products contain
ammonia, phosphates, chlorine, or
hydrocarbon by-products, which are
harmful to aquatic life. Boaters can
prevent these products from making
their way into marina waters with the
best practices listed below.
Boat Cleaning and Maintenance
Recommended best practices for boaters:
   • Wash boat hulls above the
    waterline by hand. Where
    feasible, remove boats from the
    water and clean them where
    debris can be captured and
    disposed of properly, to prevent
    runoff into the marina basin.
   • Buy and use biodegradable
    detergents and cleaning products
    that will have a minimal impact
    on the aquatic environment.
   • Avoid in-water hull scraping
    or any abrasive process done
    underwater that could remove
    paint from the boat hull.
   • Thoroughly wash boats
    taken from the water before
    transporting them to another
    body of water to prevent the
    spread of exotic or nonnative
    plants and organisms.
Metals and
metal-containing
compounds are
used in boat
maintenance and often end up in
the water with harmful results. Some
of the most toxic metals are:
  • Arsenic: used in paint pigments
  • Zinc: used to prevent corrosion
   of engine parts and metal hulls
  • Copper: used as an antifoulant
   in hull paints
  • Chromium: used in wood
   preservatives
  • Lead: found in batteries
A new sanding technology is used
on hulls at Associated Marine
Technologies in Florida—a plastic-
medium-blasting dry stripper that
captures debris and separates the
plastic material from the paint dust.
The technology prevents dust from
getting into the water and reduces
the cost of cleanup and disposal.
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Recommended best practices for marinas:
   •  Promote the use of cleaning compounds that have minimal
     impact on aquatic habitat.
   •  Locate pressure washing in a separate area where wash water can
     be filtered and recirculated.
   •  Make available and encourage the use of long-lasting, low-
     toxicity or nontoxic antifouling bottom paints.

Good Housekeeping
Marinas are gateways to the open water, but they also provide a home
base for boaters to dock, unload their boats, clean fish, purchase
supplies, pump out their holding tanks and portable toilets, and dis-
pose of trash. Boaters also refuel and service their engines at marinas.
The following best practices can prevent dockside activities from
contributing to water pollution.

                      Fish Waste
                      Nearly 34 million American anglers take to
                      the water every year to pursue their sport, and
                      at the end of each day, they bring their fish in
                      to clean them at docks or marinas. Fish waste
                      can cause water quality problems at marinas
                      where large quantities of fish are landed, such
                      as places where fishing tournaments are held,
                      or during peak fishing seasons.
                      Recommended best practices for boaters:
                        •  Clean fish offshore where the fish
                           are caught. Otherwise clean fish at
                           designated cleaning stations where fish
                           waste can be properly disposed of or
                           composted.
                        •  Practice catch-and-release or tag-and-
                           release fishing, which does not kill the
                           fish and produces no fish waste. Through
                           tag-and-release programs, anglers can
                           assist scientists and fishery managers in
                           gaining knowledge about the fish, which
                           helps protect fishing resources.
Decomposing fish waste
in the water robs the
water of oxygen, making
it difficult for fish and
other aquatic organisms
to breathe. In addition,
floating fish waste is
unattractive and foul-
smelling.
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Recommended best practices for marina operators:
   •  Install fish cleaning stations at the marina and at boat launch sites.
   •  Compost fish waste where appropriate.
   •  Display posters along the docks to remind anglers to properly
     dispose offish parts in clearly designated containers.

Trash Disposal
Garbage in the water looks bad and can cause problems
for both wildlife and boaters. Victims include turtles,
which often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish; birds,
which feed plastic debris to their young; and the
thousands of marine animals that die each year
because they become entangled in plastic trash like
six-pack rings. In addition, intake valves, propellers,
and other moving boat parts can become clogged by
trash, fishing line, and other debris.
Recommended best practices for boaters:
   •  Bring your bottles, cans, garbage, and all plastic
     items back to shore for disposal or recycling.
   •  Make sure trash is deposited in the properly
     designated containers.
   •  Clean up after your pet.
Recommended practices for marina operators:
   •  Provide covered trash receptacles in convenient locations along
     the docks and at boat launch sites.
   •  Install containers for collecting recyclable materials clearly
     marked for nonhazardous waste materials such as cans, glass,
     plastics, and fishing line and for hazardous waste such as lead-
     acid batteries, antifreeze, and used oil and oil filters.
   •  Encourage patrons to clean up
     pet waste and provide plastic
     bags for the waste at specific pet
     walking areas at the marina.
   •  Provide boaters with trash bags
     so that they can bring back what
     they take out on the water.
It is illegal to discard
any garbage into the
water from a vessel
that is on a lake,
river, stream, or any
coastal waters up
to 3 miles offshore.
In the Great Lakes,
this no garbage law
applies everywhere.
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Pollutants known as
petroleum hydrocarbons
are found in fuel, oil,
grease, and lubricants.
These products contain
toxic elements and
metals harmful to aquatic
animals. Bottom-dwelling
or bottom-feeding
aquatic organisms ingest
these contaminants and
transmit them up through
the food chain until they
accumulate in sometimes
dangerous concentrations
in fish that humans
consume.

Hydrocarbons also
damage fish directly;
damaged fish eggs may
not develop properly.
Engine Maintenance
Maintaining an outboard or inboard engine can pose
problems for water quality because of the materials
involved—cleaners, oils, transmission fluid, and anti-
      freeze, to name a few. Oil can be a particular
      problem because a single spilled cup can con-
      taminate an area the size of a football field.
      Recommended best practices for boaters:
        •  Keep engines well tuned. Routinely check
          for engine fuel leaks, and use a drip pan
          under engines.
        •  Avoid overfilling fuel tanks. Use
          absorbent "doughnuts" or small petroleum
          absorption pads while fueling to catch
          splash-back and the last drops when the
          nozzle is transferred back from the boat to
          the fuel dock.
        •  Do not use detergents and emulsifiers on
          fuel spills. They just help the oil settle into
          the bottom sediment.
        •  Avoid pumping any bilge water that has
          an oily sheen. Use absorbent "biosocks"
                                or pads that
                                capture or digest
                                oil, and dispose
                                of or recycle this
                                material.
                              • Use vacuum-type
                                systems to change
                                engine oil and
                                suction oily water
                                from bilges.
Locating fueling stations at a separate site away from
the concentration of moored boats makes for a safer
marina.
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Recommended practices for marina operators:
   •  Recommend the use of fuel/air separators, and install them on air
     vents or tank stems on inboard fuel tanks to reduce the amount of
     fuel spilled into surface waters during fueling.

   •  Recommend and use antifreeze and coolants that are less toxic
     to the environment. Use propylene glycol-based antifreeze (pink)
     instead of ethylene glycol-based antifreeze (blue-green).

Boating Practices
Excessive wake from personal watercraft and boat motors can cause
damage to both shorelines and aquatic habitats found in shallow waters
and along shorelines. Additionally, propellers or jet drives dig visible
furrows across the vegetation and sediment on the bottom of water-
ways, which can take years to recover. Individual boating habits also
influence the spread of nonnative species to waters.

Recommended best practices for boaters:
   •  Pay attention to channel markers and buoy warnings to avoid
     running aground and stirring bottom sediments.

   •  Modify speeds in no wake zones to prevent inducing wave energy
     and shoreline erosion.

   •  Use appropriate and safe anchoring areas, away from sensitive
     habitat. Be aware of marine animals that graze in shallow waters.

   •  Thoroughly rinse out boats with fresh water on land and allow
     them to dry before moving them into a new
     body of water. This will help prevent the
     accidental transfer of plants and animal species
     from one waterbody to another.

Recommended practices for marina operators:
   •  Establish no wake zones near the shorelines
     and shallow channels. Display navigation
     charts showing sensitive habitat areas and
     channel depths.
                                                    White pencil buoys
   •  Alert boaters to sensitive areas containing           mark slow speed
     submerged aquatic vegetation, marine species,      zones near the shore
     and other important aquatic  habitat.              in Biscayne Bay,
                                                    Florida.
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Dumping untreated sewage
into the water can:
 • Spread disease! Sewage
   contains bacteria, viruses,
   and parasites that make
   humans and animals sick.
 • Contaminate shellfish
   beds! While feeding
   and breathing, oysters,
   clams, and mussels filter
   tiny particles, including
   bacteria. Pathogens
   associated with these
   bacteria can contaminate
   the seafood we eat and
   make us sick. Shellfish
   bed closings can cause
   significant economic loss
   to communities.
 • Lower oxygen levels in
   water! Sewage requires
   oxygen as it decomposes
   in the water,  robbing
   aquatic organisms of the
   air they need to breathe.
   It also acts as a fertilizer
   for algae, creating
   nuisance algae blooms.
 • Make boating
   unpleasant for everyone!
   Unsightly floating
   sewage can ruin a day
   out on the water.
                       Boat Sewage and Disposal
                       Keeping our waters clean depends on preventing
                       the direct discharge of sewage from boats into the
                       water. It is illegal to discharge untreated sewage
                       into waters designated as "no discharge zones." No
                       discharge zones are designated for the Great Lakes
                             and in most northeastern states, California,
                             Florida, and areas of the Gulf of Mexico.
Recommended best practices for boaters:
   •  Before heading out on the water, use
     the restroom facilities at the marina.
   •  On recreational boats with a holding
     tank equipped with a Y-valve and
     through-hull fitting, the valve should
     always be kept closed and locked
     within the 3-mile limit from shore.
   •  Use the marina's  sewage pumpout
     stations and dump station to empty
     holding tanks or  portable toilets after a
     day on the water.
Recommended practices for marina operators:
   •  Install pumpout  stations at an
     accessible location, and provide
     pumpout service  at convenient times
     and at a reasonable cost by trained
     marina staff.
   •  Provide portable  toilet dump stations
     near launch ramps and docks for
     smaller boats.
   •  Provide clearly marked signs showing
     the location of pumpout stations and
     dump stations at the
     marina and launch
     ramps.
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   •  Inspect and regularly maintain pumpout systems, disinfect
     all suction connections, and ensure that septic receptacles are
     emptied when full.
   •  Make clean restrooms available and inspect them regularly.

Marina Services and Amenities
Maintenance Areas
Marina operators can be especially instrumental in preventing the
entry of harmful chemical compounds from cleaning and maintenance
products into marina waters. Because marina operators provide main-
tenance services, rent equipment, and sell cleaning materials, they
can determine where and how maintenance is done. Most important,
marina operators have an opportunity and the responsibility to edu-
cate boaters and employees on protecting water resources by following
environmentally friendly maintenance practices.
To maintain clean marinas and clear waters that continue to attract
patrons, marina operators could follow these management practices:
A nun me
      naintenance area can be lined with tarps to collect and dispose of
debris. Trash cans and recycling bins can also be kept close at hand.
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       • Provide indoor work space for boat repair and maintenance work
        and tarp covers for abrasive blasting and sanding.
       • Minimize dust and debris when performing boat hull
        maintenance. When  sanding, work in an enclosed space away
        from the water or use dustless sanders. Use permeable tarps,
        screens, or filter cloths to capture debris when cleaning, sanding,
        or painting, and then dispose of it in designated containers.
       • Require that hull maintenance areas be cleaned immediately
        after any maintenance to remove debris. Require that all debris
        be disposed of properly to prevent rainwater or wash water from
        carrying contaminated debris into the marina basin.
       • Regularly vacuum and sweep service roads, driveways, and
        parking lots; use porous pavement where feasible.

    Storing and Handling Liquids
    Marinas are responsible for storing, handling, and disposing of many
    of the liquid products used on boats and at marinas. It's important to
    ensure that liquid materials do not become contaminants when in use or
    being stored. Adequate and safe containment facilities are important in
    proper recycling and disposal of liquid wastes.
    Here are some tips for marina operators:
       • Locate storage and disposal areas for liquid materials in or near
        repair and maintenance areas. Make sure these areas are covered
        to prevent polluted runoff and are situated on an impervious

Each type of  liquid waste requires a separate, covered disposal container
that prevents rainwater from washing the wastes down storm drains or directly
into the water. These waste should be removed from the marina for recycling
by a permitted hazardous waste material contractor, and
receipts should be retained for inspection.
Waste oils: waste engine oil, transmission fluid, hydraulic
fluid, gear oil
Waste fuels: gasoline, diesel fuel, and  water contaminated
with them
Maintenance liquids: antifreeze/coolant, solvents, acetone,
paints, thinners, lacquers
Restaurant liquids: edible cooking oils, fats
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                                              • WASTE OIL
                                              • OIL FILTERS
                                              • CONTAMINATED FUEL
                                            m rOBE DSPOSEDOf IN PROPERLYWraCOIfflNERS
                                               No Waste Oil otarty type is lo be
                                               stared in any unmdrksd container.
     surface (with berms or
     secondary containment, and
     away from flood areas and fire
     hazards).
   •  Use, and offer for rent, vacuum-
     type systems for oil changes and
     bilge water draining.
   •  Prepare a hazardous materials
     spill response plan and update
     it regularly. Keep adequate spill
     response equipment on hand where liquid materials are stored.
   •  Provide clearly labeled containers for recycling used oil
     and oil filters.

Fueling Stations
Spills of gasoline and diesel fuel during boat fueling are common but
can be avoided. Usually these are very small spills, and boaters might
                                         Prominently displayed signs help
                                         prevent careless handling of
                                         used oil at marinas.
As a convenience for boaters, some marinas offer multiple functions at
the dock, including fueling and sewage pumpout. An essential step in spill
prevention at fuel docks is to identify and locate sources of  leaks at joints in
piping systems or between pipes and storage tanks.
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have the impression that one small spill is not significant. Marina
operators can reinforce the message that many small spills accumulate
to create a large pollution problem. By using best management
practices for fueling stations, marina operators can also send a message
that the marina is well prepared to deal with accidents and hazards
related to safety and health.
   • Install easy-to-read signs on the fuel dock that explain proper
    fueling, spill prevention, and spill reporting procedures.
   • Install personal watercraft floats at fuel docks to help drivers
    refuel without spilling.
   • Locate and design boat fueling stations so that spills can be
    contained and cleaned up easily.
   • Provide automatic shutoffs on fuel lines and at hose nozzles to
    reduce fuel spills and loss.
   • Develop and implement a fuel spill recovery plan. Make sure spill
    containment equipment storage, such as a locker attached to the
    fuel dock, is  easily accessible and clearly marked.
   • Train fuel dock staff in spill prevention, containment,  and cleanup
    procedures.
   • Provide absorbent pads and have them available at the fuel dock.

General Use Areas at the Marina
Hull maintenance areas can and do generate potential pollutants
(paint chips, sanding dust). However, pollutants from other marina
property, including parking lots, restaurants, and swimming pools,
should not be ignored. These areas can generate debris, trash, grease,
oil, and other chemicals. If left lying around, these pollutants can be
washed into the marina basin and negatively affect water quality.
To effectively prevent runoff pollution, it's important not only to pre-
vent debris and spills around the marina, but also to  capture or filter
the runoff water before it reaches the marina basin. A basic strategy to
minimize runoff includes increasing  pervious surfaces at  the marina
to promote water infiltration into the ground rather  than allowing
the water to run off into the basin. Other strategies include increas-
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ing vegetative cover such as grass buffers and biomass beds, which can
absorb runoff water effectively.
Recommended best management practices to control storm water
runoff:
   • Plant vegetated buffer strips between impervious areas such as
    parking lots and the marina basin. They can include shrubs, grass,
    and flowers.
   • Install oil/grit separators to treat excess petroleum spills, coarse
    sediment, and contaminated bilge waters.
   • Add filters to storm drains, near both work areas and parking
    lots. Capture pollutants and filter them out of runoff water with
    permeable tarps, screens, and filter cloth.
   • Provide landscaping treatment such as Low-Impact Development
    islands in feasible areas. Low-Impact Development uses
    vegetation and biomass materials and minimizes use of
    impervious surfaces to enhance infiltration of storm water into
    the ground and reduce runoff volumes.
                 Adding a vegetated island to a paved parking lot helps
                 to filter storm water runoff and adds more pervious
                 surface area.
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    Good boating practices can keep chemicals, fuel, and trash out of the
    water; however, maintaining good water quality in and around the
    marina basin also depends on the location and design  of the marina.
    Water circulation to flush out debris and pollutants that can cause
    stagnant conditions is a key consideration. Other considerations
    include shoreline and bottom stabilization, preservation of aquatic
    habitat, and storm water  management. They are especially relevant
    in decision-making on marina expansion, such as building more boat
    slips, adding parking spaces, or expanding boat maintenance and repair
    facilities.

    Water Quality and Marina Water Circulation
    Water quality in a marina basin depends largely on the circulation
    of water within the basin. In a poorly  flushed basin, pollutants tend
    to concentrate in the water or collect in the bottom sediment and in
    tucked-away corners, resulting in stagnant, polluted water. Eventu-
    ally the marina can be troubled by reduced aesthetic appeal and odor
    problems.
    Conducting a water quality assessment at a marina is important when
    planning expansion at the marina or evaluating the waters in the
    marina basin. An assessment provides information on the baseline
    condition of the water quality in the marina basin. It involves taking
    samples of water from the waterbody and testing them for dissolved
                            oxygen concentration or pathogens  like
                             fecal coliform bacteria. The goal of the
                              assessment is to identify areas that might
                             need protection and ensure that water
                            quality is not impaired because of actions
                          taken at the  marina.
Get boaters and other patrons involved in water quality assessments through
a volunteer monitoring program. Volunteer monitoring can range from simple
visual inspections to water quality sampling. Volunteer monitors increase public
awareness of pollution problems, become active in pollution prevention, and
help to increase the amount of water quality information available. For more
information on volunteer monitoring, check the Web site at www.epa.gov/owow/
monitoring/vol.html
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Aquatic Habitat
Aquatic habitat includes a diversity of submerged grasses, fish spawn-
ing areas, plants, and animals. They can be negatively affected by
marina-related activities such as construction of boat docks and piers,
shoreline erosion, dredging, and speeding boats. Not only can these
activities be physically damaging, but they also might introduce non-
native plants and organisms that maybe harmful.

Recommended best practices for boaters:
   • Respect no wake zones and lower boat speeds near shore areas.

   • Avoid planting or dragging boat anchors in grass beds.

   • Wash boats thoroughly on shore with clean, fresh water before
    transferring them to another waterbody

   • Avoid dumping of  trash, unused bait, and fish waste into the
    marina basin.

Recommended practices for the marina operator:
   • Establish and clearly mark no wake zones.

   • Provide a separate area for washing boats on shore away from the
    water's edge.

   • Restrict boater traffic in shallow-water areas.

   • Display charts showing shallow-water areas and sand bars near
    the marina that are to be avoided.
Shipshape Shores and Waters: A Handbookfor Marina Operators and Recreational Boaters

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          For copies of the technical guidance document
National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution
             from Marinas and Recreational Boating,
         visit: www.epa.gov/owow/nps/mmsp/index.html
                  For copies of this handbook:
                   e-mail: ncepimal@one.net
            Phone: 1-800-490-9198 or 513-489-8190

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