United State?
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office, of Water .;
:(4SOSF)
Washington, DC 20460
EPA841-R-96-003
August
&EPA Glean Marinas
Clear Value
Environmental and Business
Success Stories
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Mention of trade names, products, or services does not convey, and should not be
interpreted as conveying, official EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation.
Cover photograph: Puerto del Rey Marina, Fajardo, Puerto Rico. Photo by Neil Ross.
-------
CLEAN MARINAS—CLEAR VALUE
Environmental and Business
Success Stories
prepared for:
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds
Assessment and Watershed Protection Division
Washington, DC
prepared by:
Neil Ross Consultants
Kingston, Rhode Island
under subcontract to:
Tetra Tech, Inc.
EPA Contract No. 68-C3-0303
Work Assignment No. 2-89
August 1996
-------
Acknowledgments
While the number of marina facilities nominated and volunteering for this Clean Marinas—Clear Value project far
exceeded the scale of this project and not all could be included, Neil Ross Consultants (NRC) recognizes and thanks
the following people for helping to identify the best clean marinas in the nation: Duncan Amos, Armin Gate, Al
Davidson, Kevin Fitzpatrick, Peter Foote, Ric Golding, Frank Herhold, Clay Huntress, Mike Keyworth, Ted Lotz,
Nathalie Peter, Mark Razny, Mike Stenberg, Jay Tanski, Bob White, and Julie Wright.
Funding for this project was made available by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NRC expresses its
thanks to Geoffrey Grubbs and Ed Drabkowski at EPA for their guidance and encouragement, and to Sam Pett at Tetra
Tech, Inc., for his calm advice and support.
Any project of this scope always has individuals who give extra cooperation in planning, gathering information,
and assisting, and NRC thanks Mark Amaral, Maureen Devitt, Larry Innis, Mike Keyworth, Robert Pacific, Captain
Richard Permenter, Tim Tyrrell, and Julie Wright. Cooperating federal agencies included EPA, NOAA, U.S. Fish &
Wildlife Service, U.S. Coast Guard, and individual State Sea Grant Programs. Cooperating marina industry organiza-
tions included International Marina Institute, Marina Operators Association of America, American Boat Builders &
Repairers Association, and Marine Industries Association of South Florida.
Special appreciation goes to all the 25 marina/boatyard managers and owners who endured persistent questions
and requests for data, and to those visited for enthusiastically showing their great facilities. Their high level of profes-
sionalism and creativity in operating some of the cleanest marinas is exciting. Together, they are truly the bow wave
of modern marina management for the 21st Century.
-------
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
I. Findings of the Study
II. How the Study Was Done
III. Case Study Reports .....
1. All Seasons Marina, Mamora, NJ
2. Associated Marine Technologies, Dania, FL
3. Battery Park Marina, Sandusky, OH
4. Brewer's Cove Haven Marina, Barrington, RI
5. Cap Sante Marina, Anacortes, WA
6. Cedar Island Marina, Clinton, CT
7. Conanicut Marine Services, Jamestown, RI
8. Deep River Marina, Chester, CT
9. Edwards Boatyard, East Falmouth, MA
10. Elliott Bay Marina, Seattle, WA
11. Green Cove Marina, Brick, NJ
12. Hall of Fame Marina, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
13. The Hammond Marina, Hammond, IN
14. Harbour Towne Marina, Dania, FL
15. Kean's Detroit Yacht Harbor, Detroit, MI
16. Lockwood Boat Works, Perth Amboy, NJ
17. The Lodge of Four Seasons Marina, Lake Ozark, MO
18. Oak Harbor Marina, Oak Harbor, WA
19. Port Annapolis Marina, Annapolis, MD
20. Puerto del Rey Marina, Fajardo, PR
21. Summerfield Boat Works, Fort Lauderdale, FL
22. West Access Marina, Carlyle, IL
23. Winter Yacht Basin, Mantoloking, NJ
24. Brewer Yacht Yards (15), Mamaroneck, NY
25. Westrec Marinas (50+), Encino, CA
Appendices ...
A. Literature Review and Bibliography
B. Amortization Schedule Explanation
C. Clean Marina Case Studies Listing
D. Discussion Worksheets:
Clean Marina Facility Notes
Marina's Environmental Improvement
Clean Marina Cost/Benefit Worksheet
E. Project Press Release
Hi
1
2
12
15
17
21
24
29
33
37
41
46
50
54
59
62
66
69
72
75
78
81
85
88
91
95
99
102
106
Ill
113
117
118
121
122
123
124
125
III
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Tables and Figures
Table 1. Management Measures Used in Marinas Reported 3
Table 2. General Benefits from Environmental Change 5
Table 3. Costs/Benefits of Clean Marina Examples 6
Figure 1. 1995 Net Benefits From Marina Environmental Improvements 8
IV
-------
Introduction
Marinas and recreational boating
are very popular uses of coastal
waters. The growth of recre-
ational boating, along with the growth of
coastal development in general, has led to a
growing awareness of the need to protect
the environmental quality of our water-
ways. Because marinas are located right at
the water's edge, there is a strong potential
for marina waters to become contaminated
with pollutants generated from the various
activities that occur at marinas, such as boat
cleaning, fueling operations, and marine
head discharge, or from the entry of storm
water runoff from parking lots and hull
maintenance and repair areas into marina
basins.
When Congress passed the Coastal Zone
Act Reauthorization Amendments of 1990,
known as CZARA, it required EPA to
describe sets of management measures to
be used for the control of pollution from
various nonpoint sources, including mari-
nas and recreational boating. States will
incorporate these measures into their own
nonpoint source pollution control
programs to help achieve water
quality standards.
One of the stipula-
tions that Con-
gress made in the
law was that the
management
measures be eco-
nomically achievable
so as not to impose any
unnecessary financial hard-
ship on those who will be required to
implement the management measures. EPA,
therefore, did complete economic analyses
that demonstrate the economic achievability
of the management measures for marinas
and recreational boating in its Guidance
Specifying Management Measures for
Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal
Waters.
This study focuses on
the economic benefits
realized by marina manag-
ers who have implemented
management measures at
their marinas. The follow-
ing sections describe how the study was
done, the findings of the study, and each of
the marinas selected to demonstrate how
application of one or more of the manage-
ment measures can result in economic
benefit to a marina. The study was limited
to 25 marinas, but during the course of the
study, many more outstanding examples of
how environmentally sound marina man-
agement can result in economic benefits
were discovered.
It is noted that many of the marinas
discussed in these case studies also
have obtained NPDES permits for
stormwater discharge manage-
ment as well as other permits
as the individual states may
require. The objec-
tive of both
CZARA and
the NPDES
stormwater
permit
programs is
the same,
which is to
achieve improved water quality and a
reduction in runoff pollution.
This study focuses on the economic
benefits realized by marina managers
who have implemented management
measures at their marinas.
-------
I. Findings of the Study
Every marina has active solid
waste management and public
education programs.
Clearly, the marina industry has
begun to embrace the need to
promote clean boating, clean
facilities, and clean operations. The case
studies presented highlight
good examples of clean
marinas that have found
clear value in their envi-
ronmental improvements.
Each of the 25 case
studies in this report
illustrate different lessons learned from
implementation of many of the 14 coastal
management measures applicable to
marinas,1 but with interesting variations on
best management practices (BMPs).
Table 1 shows the management mea-
sures used in the marinas reported. Note
that the "O"s on the table represent the
management measures highlighted in the
discussion of each marina. These marinas
were chosen for their differences to illus-
trate the range of approaches to common
problems.
• Every marina has active solid waste
management and public education
programs.
• All but one have pumpout stations and
are promoting their use. Most have
issued marina no-discharge regula-
tions. Eight were highlighted here for
the way they promote or use pumpout
service.
• Nearly 90 percent have been involved
in shoreline stabilization, storm water
runoff control, liquid material manage-
ment, and petroleum control.
• Over 70 percent have improved their
fuel docks and boat-cleaning practices.
• Four marinas are actively involved in
aquaculture or restocking programs—
Cedar Island (scallop farming), Deep
River (Atlantic salmon release), Oak
Harbor (Coho and Chinook salmon
rearing and release), and Puerto del
Rey (sea turtle rescue). They illustrate
the very interesting potential for
widespread habitat enhancement and
fish farming in marinas. And they
demonstrate that marina basins can
indeed be healthy and productive
ecosystems.
• Surprisingly, only 28 percent found
sportfishing activity high enough to
need cleaning stations.
• Two marinas met or exceeded the
requirements for all 14 of the federal
coastal management measures appli-
cable to marinas—Elliott Bay and the
Hammond Marina. Both are America's
newest megamarinas,2 opened within
the past 5 years, and were required to
contend with environmental require-
ments that did not exist when most of
the nation's marinas were built be-
tween 1950 and 1980.
Some of the examples are very simple
and inexpensive, whereas others are
complicated and costly. All of them, once
understood, make common sense. That is
not to imply that all will work well every-
where—because they won't.
Any marina manager who reads this
report will find one or several very practical
practices well worth trying, perhaps with
some adaptation for his or her site and
operation.
TJSEPA, "Management Measures for Marinas and Recreational Boating," chapter 5 in Guidance Specifying Management
Measures for Sources ofNonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters (Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1993, EPA 840-B-92-002). The management measure for boat operation, also included in the EPA guidance, is not
intended to be applied by marinas.
Megamarinas are defined by NRC as marinas having 1,000 or more boat slips.
-------
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I. Findings of the Study
Marinas Going Clean
Every marina included in this study, as
well the many others contacted that do not
appear here, is demonstrating innovation,
determination, and an almost missionary
zeal for clean operations. It seems that once
facility owners and managers take the first
few steps to protect the environment, they
quickly take many other steps toward
facility improvement. And the process
continues as they strive to become even
better after seeing the positive reaction of
their customers following environmental
progress.
To understand the range of best manage-
ment practices used by the facilities in this
report, look at all of the narratives. Each
one tells a different story. Each story
describes one major practice in some depth,
and mentions others, but this report does
not describe everything done in every
marina. (If it did, it would quadruple in
size.)
Interestingly, the majority of marinas in
this report made environmental changes
voluntarily because they wanted both to
improve their service to boaters and to stay
ahead of the regulations. Three marinas,
however, did so as a direct result of being
told to do so by a local or state regulatory
agency, but in every case they exceeded the
minimum and went on to make enhance-
ments well beyond their instructions. Not
one regretted making environmental
changes. All felt good that their business
activities were also better, and they have
plans to continue making headway toward
cleaner marinas and clean boating.
Benefits clear
All of the managers were pleasantly
surprised with the results when asked to
determine the benefits derived from the
environmental changes they have made.
Table 2 lists the general benefits from
environmental changes.
When asked to describe costs/benefits,
some managers easily found accounting
figures to demonstrate an economic advan-
tage. For many others, the request required
digging, analysis, and in many cases best
estimates. When their numbers were set to
paper, all were very pleased with their cost-
to-benefit comparisons. The case studies in
this report make clear that real, measurable
bottom-line benefits can result from cleaner
operations. Table 3 and Figure 1 show
costs/benefits for the clean marina ex-
amples.
Clean is not cheap
One caution while reading this report:
Do not assume that all environmental
improvements and changes result in mea-
surable benefits. They don't, according to
the managers. However, each manager
quickly added a statement that "environ-
mental protection is just part of the cost of
doing business today along the waterfront.
We've got to do what we can to have good
water quality for the sake of our business."
Many environmental and regulatory
compliance costs are not directly billable to
boats, such as manager's planning time,
staff training, permits, consultants, physical
changes, landscaping, restroom moderniza-
tion, traps, filters, and supplies. To counter
those costs, some full-service marinas are
adding an environmental surcharge on all
sales, slip charges, and billable service
work. The rates generally range from 1 to
2.5 percent, with the revenues going into
dedicated accounts for environmental
improvements. It is particularly noteworthy
that both chains in this study—Brewer
Yacht Yards and Westrec Marinas—are
using surcharges. It is likely that similar
surcharges will soon be a common practice
in the marina industry. Several managers
use the income from recycled cans and
metals for end-of-year cash bonuses for
staff. One boatyard spends that money for
landscape flowers.
-------
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69
<:
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Floating pumpout and restroom
barge to serve transients - Oak
Harbor Marina, WA
CO
Savings on cleanup costs, less the cost of labor and
screen tarps.
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o
o
o
CM
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0
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Outdoor boat repairs done over
screen tarps - Port Annapolis
Marina, MD
C3>
Additional dock rental income attributed to better water
quality.
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Opening in breakwater to improv
flushing - Puerto del Rey Marina
PR
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Savings in water cost.
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Wash water recycled without
chemicals - Summerfield Boat
Works, FL
CM
Cost savings on disposal and energy, less annual
maintenance costs, plus additional boat repair income.
CM
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en
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Used oil burner installed to tieat
boat repair building - West Acce;
Marina, IL
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Additional personal watercraft fuel sales business.
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Floating personal watercraft (P\A
fueling dock prevents spillage -
Winter Yacht Basin, NJ
CO
CM
No calculations because chain-wide efforts made it
difficult to attribute benefits to any one particular
change; owners, however, felt strongly that chain-wide
improvements made good business sense.
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-------
1. Findings of the Study
Figure 1:1995 Net Benefits from Environmental Improvements
Total
Total misc./ Total Total hull
combined pumpout recycling servicing
improvements investments" investments6 investments0
$500,
$477
$293
a
b
c There ara a variety ol hull servicing improvements, including dustless sanders, closed-loop
systems, and special screen tarps to trap debris.
Pumpout investments have In some cases been covered by state and federal grants.
Recycling of trash, water, and fuel have saved many firms money.
Environmental contracts work
Environmental contracts between the
marina and its customers, outside contrac-
tors, and staff have apparently worked well
where they have been used. The contracts
were demonstrated to be a key element in
the education process and displayed the
very serious intention of managers to make
their marinas more environmentally com-
patible. Contract language was consistent
with the facilities' best management
practices (BMPs) or storm water pollution
prevention plans (SWPPPs).
Most of the managers with such con-
tracts have used them to enforce their rules.
Many report the loss of a few customers at
slip renewal time, but those were soon
replaced with customers who supported
clean operations. Contracts resulted in
tighter control on and reduction in the
number of outside contractors doing boat
repairs on the marina property. All the
managers indicated that their operations are
much cleaner after "banging a few heads."
The marinas prospered with the customers
who remained and were happier with the
clean marina philosophy.
Rates higher, occupancy higher
During the interviews, marina managers
and owners were asked how their occu-
pancy and rates compared to those of other
facilities nearby in their boating market
area. All but one said, "Our rates and
occupancy are higher."
They generally believed that their
visible efforts to operate clean marinas
translated into customer confidence that
management would also give extra care to
the boats. Plus, an increasing percentage of
the public today wants to use only nice,
clean, service-oriented facilities. And it
seems that a growing percentage of the
boating public, according to these manag-
ers, is willing to pay a higher slip cost for a
better and cleaner facility.
Permits easier to get?
"Not so," responded most marina
managers when informally asked that
question. "But now that we are recognized
as an environmentally proactive facility, the
regulators are easier to talk with and give us
fewer hassles," they usually added. Several
managers proudly reported that their
facilities have been used by state regulators
as showplaces for visitors or for training
purposes.
The benefits of becoming environmen-
tally compliant may be somewhat limited,
although positive, when it comes to dealing
with coastal and environmental regulators.
Marina owner/managers are leaders
All of the owners and managers inter-
viewed strongly advocate environmental
protection as an essential everyday part of
their boating business. They each started
the change process for different reasons
over the past 4 to 6 years, but all discovered
that successful marinas and clean water go
hand in hand. By the range of ways they
responded to the clean marina challenge,
they illustrated the creativity and problem-
solving genius so widely found in the
marina and boatyard industry. They were
innovators who succeeded.
-------
Findings of the Study
Nearly all of these owners and managers
are active in state and/or regional marine
trade association. The majority belong to
multiple national organizations that have
been proactive on environmental issues,
including the International Marina Institute
(IMI), Marina Operators Association of
America (MOAA), and American Boat
Builders & Repairers Association
(ABBRA). Several have achieved profes-
sional recognition as IMI Certified Marina
Managers (CMMs). There seems to be a
positive relationship between industry
activism and environmentalism.
Recognition spreads the good word
State and federal agencies could develop
positive incentives and recognition for
those marinas and boatyards that are doing
their best to reduce their environmental
impacts. Without some clear benefits from
the regulations, many other managers will
continue to say "What's the use of comply-
ing?"
A few federal and state agencies have
given public recognition to several of the
marinas interviewed, and the certificates are
proudly displayed where customers can see
them. The boating industry-—particularly
national trade associations and maga-
zines—has started to highlight clean
marinas as outstanding examples for others
to follow.
Each of the 25 marinas and boatyards in
this report have been recognized with a
certificate from the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency as a nationally outstand-
ing clean marina.
Job done yet?
Are any of these marinas finished
making environmental improvements? Not
likely.
"When we started to clean up the yard
several years ago," Mike Keyworth3
explained, "our customers gave us many
3 General manager, Brewer's Cove Haven Marina, RI
compliments. So we kept on cleaning up
and making improvements. And they
complemented us more and more, which
made us feel good. The thing about this
process is that once we started, the more we
wanted to do."
Without realizing it, Keyworth spoke for
everyone in this report.
Predictions
Considering the relatively short duration
of this study, the number and range of cases
studied were but the bow of the clean
marina movement. There are undoubtedly
hundreds of other marinas with stories as •
good as, or better than, those found in
Section III.
It is more than likely that sometime in
the future:
• 75 percent of the estimated 8,000 to
10,000 marina facilities in the United
States will make significant environ-
mental improvements, with the rest
making some changes more slowly.
• Environmental surcharges will be
common nationwide.
• Marina professionals will promote
national or regional no-discharge
adoption.
• Clean marinas will quickly become the
norm.
• Those marinas which do not clean up
will probably not be in business as the
21st Century dawns.
Sometime in the future marina managers
and coastal authorities will look back at this
report, read the examples, and say "What's
so different about these practices? Isn't
everyone in boating doing these as a natural
part of their business?" That's the point.
Remember, in 1995 these marinas were
the exceptions. The managers and owners
were pushing a new, clean marina bow
wave of change. They were the leaders of
their time who defined, innovated, and
demonstrated practices that would become
common in 5 to 10 years.
-------
I. Findings of this Study
The recognition that clean water is
essential to good boating and profitable
marina business is spreading rapidly and
will not be turned back. Read the stories of
how and why 25 leading managers
achieved environmental and business
success by demonstrating that clean mari-
nas bring clear value.
Economics Benefits Summary
The magnitude of economic returns that
clean marinas and boatyards have realized
from their investments is illustrated in
Table 3 and Figure 1. By totaling the initial
outlays and 1995 net returns according to
general types of improvements made, the
chart shows that on average, owner invest-
ments have more than paid for themselves.
• Hull servicing improvements included
investments in the following: a closed-
loop hull-blasting system that reuses
plastic pellets; dustless sanders; screen
tarps to catch debris; and installation
of filtered pressure wash water sys-
tems away from the shore. Net benefits
in 1995 ranged from covering cost to
earning many times their investment
by creating new business.
• Waste management investments
included recycling and/or reuse of
trash, milfoil seaweed (as mulch),
wash water, and waste oil. This
approach primarily brought savings
from reduced disposal costs. In the
case of the Lodge of Four Seasons, use
of waste oil to heat a work building
created an additional winter repair
business. Trash recycling typically cost
very little to implement, with signifi-
cant annual savings particularly for
marinas located in communities with
active recycling programs.
• All but one of the marinas and
boatyards in this study had pumpout
facilities in place. These eight
pumpout services had benefits ranging
from savings on sewer fees and
additional fuel sales attributed to their
convenient pumpouts to attracting
more megayacht visits. Two marinas
used the pumpout station as a competi-
tive incentive program for summer
employees. In many cases, the costs of
new or improved pumpout equipment
were covered by grants.
• Two environmentally sound invest-
ments actually saved owners a great
deal of money on the initial outlay. By
purchasing inland acres for boat repair
and storage—away from coastal
waters—Conanicut Marine paid much
less for the land than it would have if
the boatyard were shoreside. It also
saved annually on much lower prop-
erty tax bills. The innovative owner of
Lockwood Boat Works paved the
boatyard's parking and work yards
with crushed recycled concrete, saving
hundreds of thousands compared to
blacktop pavement, which would also
have created a runoff problem.
• A wide variety of other environmental
improvements had been made by the
facility owners interviewed. As stated
previously, not all changes at each
facility were included in this analysis.
Some owners and managers had made
such facility-wide changes that it was
not possible to identify benefits from
any one given change. But each of
those managers felt strongly that their
clean marina efforts had been re-
warded by free publicity, recognition,
and new business.
As these 25 case studies demonstrate,
marinas and boatyards across the United
States are voluntarily making environmen-
tal improvements to their facilities. These
public and private operations have realized
that the upgrades are good for both the
environment and their bottom line. A
variety of operational and physical changes
have saved money, brought free publicity,
,and attracted new business.
As final proof of the clear benefits from
clean marinas, all the owners and managers
in this study are continuing to make more
10
-------
I. Findings of the Study
changes to better their environment, satisfy
their customers, and expand their business.
They all feel very good about this progress.
Economic analysis: The marina
sample-apples, oranges, and coconuts
Marinas that have adopted "best avail-
able" environmental measures and prac-
tices, and realized positive returns were
selected for this study. Every effort was
made to represent the widest possible range
of marina sizes, geography, operation type,
ownership (public and private), and four-
teen NFS management measures. However,
the set of observations made on these cases
did not constitute a random sample, nor was
a single statistical population defined. The
results could not therefore, be subjected to
statistical analysis.
A statistical population can be defined
as the totality of all possible observations
on measurements or outcomes of an
experiment. Like the researcher in physical
science, the social scientist would ideally
like to generate experimental data. Since
experimental data on humans and their
business activities is not available, econo-
metricians attempt to adjust for uncontrol-
lable (exogenous) factors in carrying out
statistical analyses. But there is always a
limit to the adjustments that can be made
and the range of observations that can be
considered part of the same population.
When a person makes numerical mea-
surements of some objects or actions for the
purpose of statistical analysis, the investiga-
tor does not measure just a conglomeration
of them; rather, has at least previously
formulated in mind a reasonably homoge-
neous group to measure in some respect.
For this study as many populations as
possible were identified. There was no
intent to make an overall measurement on
an underlying population.
Furthermore, statistical tests, which are
based on the laws of probability, are hard to
justify when random samples are not taken
from homogeneous populations. Confi-
dence intervals and significance levels have
no meaning unless some degree of sample
homogeneity can be assumed.
In selecting this set of marina case
studies the focus was on non-homogeneity
by deliberately selecting illustrations of
different practices or variations of them.
The only unifying characteristics in these
cases were that the businesses were marinas
located on recreational boating waterways
and earned a positive economic return from
new environmental practices. None of these
provided sufficient homogeneity to the
population.
While one could have calculated means
and variances of the economic returns,
these results would have characterized only
the site-specific cases studied and would
not have been easily generalizable to other
marinas or other environmental practices.
The random sample for these types of
findings would have required statistical
populations which included marinas where
these and other environmental practices
were repeatedly tested and those applica-
tions which failed to generate benefits.
Further, standardized questionnaires or
surveys were not used to gather statistically
comparable data for scientific analysis.
Mini-case examples were compiled to
illustrate how individual marinas were able
to adopt environmental practices which also
provided positive benefits.
To the degree possible, economic
analysis was made within each marina by
comparing business cost to benefits with
and without the environmental practice
adopted. In cases with non-income benefits,
such as public education, other types of
benefit descriptors were reported. All
findings were based on information pro-
vided by the facility owner or manager, and
where hard numbers were not available,
professional estimates were reported.
NOTE: Economic analysis was prepared
by Dr. Timothy Tyrrell, Professor of
Resource Economics (Coastal Recreation),
College of Resource Development,
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI).
11
-------
II. How The Study Was Done
The process of conducting this study
was simple, as was the goal to find
and describe examples of clean
marinas with measurable benefits from
their environmental improvements.
Purpose and goal
The purpose of this Clean Marinas—
Clear Value study was to identify marina
and recreational boating operations that
have adopted best management practices
and programs that have resulted in positive
economic benefits. The goal was to produce
a document that will help convince many in
the marina industry to voluntarily make
environmental changes.
Planning the project
A number of marina professionals and
technical advisors were contacted for
project suggestions, questions to ask,
approaches to take, and ways to measure
benefits. A program advisory meeting was
held in early June 1995 in Washington, DC.
It brought together marina industry repre-
sentatives—MOAA, Boating Industry
magazine, Westrec Marinas—and represen-
tatives of key coastal environmental
agencies—EPA, NOAA, USFWS, U.S.
Coast Guard—to launch the project. The
participants discussed project purpose,
scope, work plan, and selection procedure,
and solicited help in promoting clean
marina facility nominations. Many excel-
lent suggestions were given and eventually
incorporated into the plan.
Publicity
Getting word out about the project and
its need to identify clean marinas took
several modes:
• Direct contacts were made, via phone,
fax, mail, email, and site visits to
facilities known to be using good
environmental practices.
• Each of the organizations and agencies
attending the June meeting followed
up by forwarding a call for clean
marina nominations to their members
or regional staff.
• More than 120 press releases were sent
to all major marina industry publica-
tions, marine trade associations,
marinas, boatyards, marina consult-
ants, and Sea Grant specialists, invit-
ing marina nominations and participa-
tion. A copy of the press release is
provided in Appendix E.
• To solicit case studies and promote
good practices, presentations were
made at several marina conferences
and meetings, including the National
Marine Trades Council, June 10, 1995,
New Hampshire, and the MRAA/
MOAA American Marine Trades
Expo, August 18, 1995, New Orleans,
Louisiana.
As a result of this effort, more than 75
marinas volunteered or were nominated;
several others made contact too late in
September to be considered for the project.
Clearly, there are many clean marinas
around the country with many good stories
to be told.
12
-------
II. How the Study Was Done
Selecting clean marinas for
study
From the large number of facilities
identified, about 40 candidate marinas were
selected for a wide variety of environmental
measures and practices including location,
design, operation and maintenance, and
special problems that had been overcome.
Final marina selection was determined
according to these criteria:
• Applied one or more of EPA's 14
management measures and practices
for nonpoint source control applicable
to marinas.
• Made effective use of best available
off-the-shelf pollution control prac-
tices, devices, and innovative technol-
ogy.
• Achieved demonstrated pollution
reduction at the facility.
• Realized clear economic returns and
other benefits that could be quantified
and described.
• Was a credible example for other
marinas and boatyards facing similar
concerns.
• Had a good story that differed from
others in the study.
Each marina faced a selection triage: (1)
appropriate for the study, (2) need more
information to be included, (3) inappropri-
ate because it does not meet the selection
criteria. In the end, 25 marinas were chosen
and appear in this report, 8 were deselected,
and 7 others were qualified but were not
needed for the study.
Information gathering
A before-and-after comparison of each
marina was made to verify any real or
perceived economic benefits from environ-
mental improvements. The relationship
between environmental improvements and
economic benefits was intended to support
the premise that "clean" marinas generate
clear economic values.
To simplify and help standardize the
process, three discussion worksheets were
used during marina site visits or telephone
conversations with managers about their
operations. Those discussion worksheets
are provided in Appendix D.
To determine economic benefits,
information was gathered regarding new
income derived from increased sales,
services, and slip rentals; cost savings from
improved housekeeping procedures; and
increased public visitation and participation
due to site cleanliness, clean water, and
attractiveness. In most cases the marina
manager was able to give actual numbers,
numbers rounded to the nearest hundred or
thousand, or professional estimates.
In a few instances when managers were
uncertain what the economic value was,
they were asked to compare current busi-
ness—commonly slip rental rate and
occupancy—to that of similar marinas in
the same market area that did not make
similar environmental changes. In every
case the managers estimated that operating
as the "competition" did would likely result
in lower occupancy rates and income.
Analysis
This project was not a classic economic
study because it reported on many marinas
with different environmental practices, in
sites with wide-ranging sets of variables.
Thus each facility's case study had to stand
alone economically, but when taken to-
gether the case studies did show a definite
pattern of positive business benefits from
improvements in environmental practices.
To find a way to cope with samples
having many variables, NRC asked Dr.
Timothy Tyrrell1 to help with economic
analysis of the costs/benefits for the indi-
vidual sites included in this report. (Refer to
his recommendations in "Economic analy-
sis: The marina sample—apples, oranges,
1 Professor of Resource Economics (Coastal Recreation),
College of Resource Development, University of Rhode
Island, Kingston, RI.
13
-------
II. How the Study Was Done
and coconuts," at the end of Section I.) Dr.
Tyrrell recommended doing the economic
analysis by comparing each marina's
business costs to its benefits, with and
without the environmental practice adopted.
In cases with non-income benefits, such as
public education and publicity, other types
of benefit descriptors were identified. All
findings reported were based on informa-
tion provided by the facility owner/man-
ager. When hard numbers were not avail-
able, professional estimates were accepted.
The economic benefits in this study
included new income derived from in-
creased sales, services, and slip rentals; cost
savings from improved housekeeping
procedures; costs avoided; improved
operation and maintenance procedures; and
increased public visitation and participation
due to site cleanliness, clean water, and
attractiveness.
Writing each case study
This report was written in a common
style used in professional marina and
boating industry trade magazines. Since the
target audience was primarily the owners
and managers of marinas across America, a
familiar story-telling narrative was used to
convey technical information, credible
trade logic, and a general positive business
sense that "we will do fine" by making
environmental improvements. Quotes are
used in every case study because the
manager's own words do a better job
"talking to" other marina managers than
could anyone else's. Each of the 25 case
studies was reviewed twice by the marina
owner or manager for accuracy of data,
information, and quotes. Each report was
also reviewed to ensure data presentation
clarity and economic consistency.
14
-------
III. Case Study Reports
Order of Presentation
The 25 clean marina environmental case
studies in this section are organized alpha-
betically by facility name, with the two
marina chains appearing after the individual
marinas and boatyards.
Some early thinking was to organize this
section by region, but it was felt that
readers might focus primarily on their
region and miss the full range of practices
highlighted. Actually, very few of the
practices described are limited to one or
two regions; most can be used in almost all
states—perhaps with small climate—and
market-related modifications. Appendix C
contains the full list of marinas, organized
by state.
Also considered was organizing cases
by type of best management practice, but
with so much overlap that was not possible.
Case Study Report
Organization
• Facility name and case study title
• Location - address, telephone, fax,
person interviewed, owner, waterbody
location. This information was
supplied to facilitate communication
by others considering similar improve-
ments.
• Environmental change - the practice(s)
changed and improved.
• The marina - narrative describing the
marina business, employment, boat
capacity, and services.
• Management measures - list of up to
14 management measures used in the
marina. These are also listed by
marina in Table 1 in Section I.
• Costs/benefits (not included in the two
- chain reports) - comparison of the
initial start-up/construction/purchase
costs and annual costs to revenues,
cost savings, avoided costs, or other
quantifiable benefits. This comparison
is also summarized in Table 3 in
Section I.
Environmental improvements - a
detailed description of the selected
change made, reasons, results, and
costs and benefits, plus short descrip-
tions of other environmental practices
adopted. These are also summarized
in Table 2 in Section I.
Other improvements and benefits -
other short stories of programs that
demonstrate additional benefits from
operating a clean marina.
Equipment sources - name and address
for the national supplier of each major
product used in the prime enhance-
ment described in the case study.
15
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16
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1. All Seasons Marina
Mom and Pop Marina Saves With Recycling
Location: 551 Roosevelt Boulevard, Route 623, Marmora,
New Jersey 08223
Telephone: (609)390-1850 Fax:(609)390-7831
Interviewed: Ralph Dilks, General Manager
Owned by: Marilyn and Ralph Dilks
Waterbody: Peck Bay, on Great Egg Harbor, Atlantic Ocean
Environmental change
Recycling has cut this New Jersey
marina's trash volume and removal cost by
half.
The small-boat marina with
dry-stack storage
The All Seasons Marina is a private,
commercial, full-service marina/yard with
300 slips and 225 in/out dry racks for boats.
Best described as a home port, the business
employs 14 persons year-round with 6 more
part-time in the summer. Boat sizes range
from just under 20 feet up to 40 feet, with
58% in the 26- to 30-foot range. Other
profit centers include transient dockage,
launch/haulout, boat rental, pumpout, full
retail store, fuel, electronics, and beverage,
ice, and bait sales. With many smaller
boats, bait and tackle sales have helped
boost revenues.
Moving boats in and out of the dry rack
building is easy and fast with two large,
negative-lift fork trucks. Larger boats are
moved with a combination travel lift and
hydraulic trailer. Boat services include
indoor painting and engine repair.
On a typical busy weekend, about 22%
of the rack-stored boats would be out in
use, and about 33% of the boats in slips
would be used, with half under way out of
the slip. About 5% of the boats in slips
would be used overnight. Within a 2-mile
radius of All Seasons Marina are one other
marina and several lagoons of waterfront
homes with docks, raising the total number
of recreational vessels kept within that
radius to nearly 1,000.
The original marina was built on the site
in 1941, just before the beginning of World
War II, by Ralph Clayton. In 1963 Ralph
and Marilyn Dilks (Clayton's daughter)
bought the marina, and they have expanded
it and made many improvements over the
decades. All Seasons Marina is one of the
best examples of "Mom and Pop" marinas
in America.
Management measures
All Seasons Marina achieves the marina
management measure for solid waste, as
well as the measures for marina flushing,
shoreline stabilization, storm water runoff
control, fueling station design, sewage
facility, maintenance of sewage facilities,
liquid materials, petroleum control, and
public education.
17
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1. All Seasons Marina
Costs/benefits
All Seasons Marina is a full-service
facility including dockage, dry stack
storage, boat/engine repair, a retail store,
and boat rental, all of which generate
considerable trash and solid waste. A
commercial pickup and disposal service
takes care of the marina's waste material.
This year the service would have cost
$ 1,200 per month in the 6-month boating
season, plus $600 per month in the winter
season, for a total of $10,800. But recycling
has halved All Seasons Marina's trash bill,
saving $5,400. Deducting an estimated
$ 1,300 labor cost for trash separation and
cardboard bundling, the net saving this year
is $3,000.
Environmental improvements
To implement recycling, owner Ralph
Dilks created 3 distinct recycling areas
around the marina and in work buildings,
plus 13 smaller disposal areas for separat-
ing cans, bottles, and other recyclables from
regular trash. The entire operation is very
simple and low-budget. "We even recycled
some old dock material to make the marina
recycling area," Ralph Dilks said, "and
utilized drums which we get free." The
start-up costs of new lumber, signs, and
labor were estimated at $5,000 and "we
wrote that off in the first year, 1986."
We have customers and staff separating
the trash, and the township collects bottles,
newspaper and office paper, cans, plastics,
and cardboard and packaging. All of it goes
for recycling at no cost to the All Seasons
Marina. As a result, the volume of garbage
and other mixed trash commercially picked
up for disposal has been chopped by 50%."
The recycling costs $1,300 per year, but
saves $5,400 per year in trash removal fees.
"Any $3,000 cost reduction in over-
head," Dilks said, "is a valuable saving to
any small business. And trash fees are
expected to go up, so recycling savings will
increase each year. And that's good for our
business."
By taking advantage of available solid
waste recycling programs, Ralph Dilks
feels good about "keeping more stuff from
All Seasons Marina's
floating dock has 300
slips and a fuel dock.
(photo by All Seasons
Marina)
18
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1. AH Seasons Marina
going into the town landfill. The town gets
paid for the recyclables it delivers, and we
end up paying less for trash removal.
Everybody wins with recycling."
"Most customers and all the staff
participate, but we have to keep reminding
them. Our ship's store and boat repair
business produce a lot of cardboard boxes,
which we fold flat and store on a wood
pallet for pickup. Cardboard used to be a
large part of our trash." All Seasons' office
and shop staff are good at putting/ecy-
clable paper in separate boxes. "It's surpris-
ing how much paper our computers print
out," Dilks exclaimed. "The marina repre-
sents a big part of the trash, with about 60%
of the volume in the summer, but only
about 10% in the winter months."
"Surprisingly, not all boat owners want
to separate their trash. About half our
customers come from the City of Philadel-
phia, where home recycling is not widely
practiced. When they come here, they just
don't think about separating their trash."
The first impression a visitor gets on
arriving at All Seasons Marina is its neat-
ness, landscaped beds, and huge American
flag waving overhead. About 50% of the
car parking area is permeable, allowing rain
to be absorbed instead of causing runoff.
Several years ago, All Seasons completely
rebuilt, enlarged, and upgraded its
restrooms. Nearby a covered fish-cleaning
station handles the needs of the sportfishing
folks. Water used in pressure-washing boat
bottoms now is screened, filtered, and
reused.
Ralph and Marilyn Dilks pride them-
selves on running a clean, nicely main-
tained marina and a well-stocked retail
store, with a well-trained staff. They set a
good -example, widely recognized across
the nation, as owners who travel together-
far and wide to attend training courses to
stay on top of the marina and boating
business. Ralph is a Director of the Marina
Operators Association of America
(MOAA).
The Dilkses were early adopters of new
technology. For about 25 years they have
been successfully using a floating tire
breakwater (reusing old
tires) to protect the docks .
and boats from short, "Everyone wins with recycling."
choppy bay waves and to
prevent shoreline erosion.
The breakwater, as is common for floating
dock structures, is a veritable artificial reef
and home to a wide range of marine plants
and animals.
All Seasons was among the first coastal
marinas in New Jersey to install and
operate pumpout services, including a
homemade portable toilet dump station.
"About 10 years ago, a combination of site
and regulatory factors made the project less
than satisfactory and overly expensive,"
said Marilyn Dilks. "Because the marina
was originally built in wetlands, we were
unable to use a septic system for the
pumpout waste. The state rejected our
proposal for in-ground holding tanks." A
lack of clear technical information and
national guidance on what to do with
sewage from boats resulted in the Dilkses
installing a state-mandated treatment
package plant that ultimately "failed from
insufficient seasonal sewage loading—a
very frustrating and extremely costly
venture for us," said Ralph Dilks. Cur-
rently, the boat effluent goes to state-
approved in-ground holding tanks and then
is picked up by a commercial septic hauler.
Eventually, the town expects to install a
sewer line past the business, which will be
the final and best solution. All Seasons
Marina has applied for a grant to upgrade
the pumpout system and to be able to offer
the service for free.
To further prevent contaminated storm
water runoff from entering the bay, the
marina uses inexpensive hay bales around
the perimeter of the work yard. This year
they are trying out oil absorbers in the drain
areas, but haven't analyzed the effective-
ness yet.
19
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1. All Seasons Marina
Each summer seaweed and debris build
up in the corners of the marina basin.
"Using our existing deice bubbler system
allows us to aerate these areas and improve
the water flow." The Dilkses also have
observed an appreciable clearing of the
water and an increase in fish species within
the marina.
"Probably one of the most effective
practices is simply getting rid of 'never-to-
be-used-again stuff.' Cleaning after storm
tides is horrendous enough," Marilyn Dilks
said, "without the additional handling of
old junk. This includes items kept inside
offices and shops also, such as broken tools,
extinct files, etc."
"Signs direct boaters to disposal areas,
while our requirements and the safety
policies are included in our rental agree-
ments. Additionally, All Seasons Marina
furnishes a free meeting room for U.S.
Coast Guard Auxiliary boating safety
courses and is designated as a 'cooperating
marine dealer' for the distribution of their
educational (safety and environmental)
material."
Marilyn and Ralph Dilks know that
education—of themselves, their staff, and
their customers—is essential to having a
successful full-service marina and boat
retail business in an environmentally
sensitive coastal area.
20
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2. Associated Marine
Technologies, Inc.
Closed Hull Blasting Uses and Reuses Plastic Media
Location: 490 Taylor Lane, Dania, Florida 33004
Telephone: (305) 926-0308 Fax: (305) 926-7834
Interviewed: Scott Miser, President, and Ted James, General Mgr.
Owned by: Scott and Joyce Miser
Waterbody: Dania Cutoff Canal, off Intracoastal Waterway
Environmental change
This boat repair yard switched from
silica wet/dry sandblasting of hulls to a
closed system that uses and reuses a plastic
medium for blasting.
The boatyard
Associated Marine Technologies is a
modern, full-service boat repair yard that
specializes in large yachts 50 feet and up,
which are common in Fort Lauderdale's
waterways. It has 11 slips and 25 out-of-
water hardstand spaces for boats awaiting
and receiving servicing. There are no
seasonal slips, transient visitors, or
liveaboards. With 60 full-time employees
year-round, this is a no-nonsense yard.
Professional services include haulout
and launching, painting, fiberglass repairs,
carpentry, welding, metal fabrication, and
full mechanical and electrical work. Boats
are moved with a 90-ton travel lift.
The boatyard, built in 1984, was bought
by the Misers in 1993. "We are a relative
new kid on the block (in South Florida),"
said Scott Miser. Their next-door neighbor
is one of the largest and best known ship/
boatyards in Florida, and next to that is a
working commercial shipyard. Yet, "We
don't advertise at all," said Ted James.
"Word of mouth attracts our customers."
Quality workmanship is easy to see
around the yard. The yard's paint work with
Awlgrip paint is so superior that the US
Paint Corporation introduces new coatings
at Associated Marine Technologies before
releasing them on the market. The yard was
first to use low-volatile-organic-compound
(VOC) Awlgrip 2 in 1995.
"We have high-end employees who are
very loyal and give quality work," said
Miser. "If you don't educate employees,
they can put you out of business. We do a
lot of training, with 50% to 60% of James'
time working on environmental, health, and
technical issues including training. Every
one of our 60 employees attends one or '
more training programs annually."
Management measures
Associated Marine Technologies
achieves the marina management measures
for storm water runoff control and solid
waste, as well as liquid materials and
public education.
21
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2. Associated Marine Technologies, Inc.
Hull maintenance at
Associated Marine
Technologies' is done
with an innovative closed
vacuum system which
separates and recycles
the plastic medium.
(photo by Associated
Marine Technologies)
"The plastic medium blasting
operation reduces our cost of
cleanup and disposal, gives a
higher-quality surface, and is
much less aggressive on the
new gelcoat of today."
Costs/benefits
Associated Marine Technologies de-
cided in 1994 to make the sandblasting
process cleaner and bought a complete
blast, recovery, and reclaim system;
vacuum; and compressor at a total cost of
$24,229. Training two workers to operate
the system cost $ 1,620. Annual operation
and maintenance costs for
the system run $8,617,
plus a 5-year amortized
value of the investment,
$25,849 at a 5% interest
rate. Gross income from
this newly created profit
center in 1995 was
$58,173. The net annual
income is estimated to be $43,585, assum-
ing a 5-year amortization, and revenues are
expected to continue upward. Clearly, the
new process is adding business and savings
to this large South Florida boatyard.
Environmental improvements
Associated Marine Technologies runs a
very neat, orderly, and well-landscaped
facility that is uncommonly clean for a
boatyard. Traditional sandblasting of large
boat hulls is a messy job resulting in many
hundreds of pounds of spent silica mixed
with bottom paint, which all must be swept
up and shoveled into barrels for disposal at
a landfill. While the sand is relatively
cheap, the labor is costly and the marine
environment can get dirty.
Instead of silica, Associated Marine
Technologies shoots a plastic medium blast
(PMB) that can be reused several times
until it wears out. The plastic medium is
harder than paint and pushes it off, but is
not hard enough to strip into the fiberglass
gelcoat itself unless desired. Thus the
medium is well-suited for removal of
antifoulant paint.
Once the antifoulant is removed, the
PMB and paint are vacuumed into a hopper,
which feeds the mix for medium recovery,
cleaning, and reclaiming. The old paint dust
is separated and collected, but instead of
many barrels for the landfill, less than a
gallon of dust remains for disposal from an
average 50-foot boat. The ex-bottom paint
is dry, feels like clay powder, and is virtu-
ally odorless.
22
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2. Associated Marine Technologies, Inc.
"The plastic medium blasting operation
benefits our business several ways," said
Miser. "It reduces our cost of cleanup and
disposal, gives a higher-quality surface, and
is much less aggressive on the new gelcoat
of today."
One of the first major responses to
Broward County's best management
practices (BMPs) at Associated Marine
Technologies "was to add a closed-loop
pressure-washing system for boat bottoms
we haul out. The new concrete collection
pad (facing the travel lift well) and the
recycling system cost us $40,000," ex-
plained James, "but we feel good that we
are not dumping it all back into the canal,
and we comply with the county's BMPs."
Other environmental improvements
include the use of high-volume, low-
pressure (HVLP) paint spraying, which
limits overspray and gets most of the paint
onto the hull surface, rather than into the
drifting air. "This saves money by not
wasting so much paint," said Miser.
Before work is done on any vessel, the
boat owner receives a two-page environ-
mental agreement that must be signed. It
explains the yard's best management
practices for boat sewage, oily bilge water,
petroleum and related products, boat
washing, recycling, hurricane preparedness,
paint chips, and sanding debris. It closes
with: "We thank you in advance for your
cooperation in helping us keep A.M.T.
South Florida's cleanest, safest boat repair
yard."
Other benefits
James stated that "We are a green
boatyard on the cutting edge. We take the
environment seriously. One of the benefits
is that we get a lot of compliments from
customers." Both Miser and James firmly
believe that "by being an extremely clean
yard, we attract quality customers looking
for quality hull work. And we give them the
quality they expect."
"A clean shop is also a safer shop,"
James stated. "We have a more professional
operation here, and it is also drug-free. Our
employees are good, and they tend to stay .
with us. We spend a lot of time training and
treating them as professionals."
Miser—one of a growing number of
marina owners—willingly does more than
is required to be environmentally compli-
ant. But he knows it isn't a free ride. "We
assess an environmental surcharge of 1 %
on all repair invoices over $500. This
money is used for further environmental
enhancements, training, and equipment.
Customers understand the reason for the
surcharge and accept it as a fair cost for
having quality work done in an environ-
mental, safe boatyard."
Equipment sources
• Surface finishing system: High-
capacity PMB dry stripping and
media reclaimer, Pram model #23,
Pauli and Griffin, 907 Cotting Lane,
Vacaville, CA 95688.
• Wash water recycling system: Model
#LD, RGF Environmental Systems,
3875 Fiscal Court, West Palm Beach,
FL 33404.
High capacity PMB dry
stripper and media
reclaimer used by
Associated Marine
Technologies, (photo by
Associated Marine
Technologies)
23
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3. Battery Park Marina
Pumpout Service Used as Staff Incentive
Location: 701 East Water Street, Sandusky, Ohio 44870
Telephone: 419-625-6142, fax 419-625-7529
Interviewed: Carl Wolf, CMM, Vice President, General Manager, and
Philip Doller, Marina Manager
Owned by: Paul and John Pheiffer, Sandusky Bay Development Co.
Waterbody: Sandusky Bay, Lake Erie
Environmental change
Proactive environmental management—
including pumpouts and other changes—at
this urban marina helps keep Lake Erie
clean, turned the marina around economi-
cally, and won it a national award.
The first-class urban marina
Battery Park Marina is a private, com-
mercial marina located beside a 5-acre City
of Sandusky waterfront public park and
tennis courts.
There are 672
floating boat slips
for seasonal and
transient boaters,
with one large
dock that has
side-by-side fuel
and pumpout
stations. In
addition to very
clean restrooms
and showers, the
marina has a
laundry, food and
drink service, and
ship's store, plus a
leased restaurant.
During May to October 1995, 85% of
the slips were rented for the boating season.
On a high-use weekend about 50% of the
boats would be used, with about 15% of
them occupied overnight. Boat sizes range
from 16 to 65 feet LOA, with the average at
28 feet. The 70% majority were
powerboats, with 30% sailboats. The
marina employs 6 full-time staff year-round
and another 15 for the boating season.
The original marina was built on the site
24
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3. Battery Park Marina
in the 1930s as a conversion from an
industrial shipyard that had started at the
beginning of this century. In 1984, when
Paul and John Pheiffer won a city contract
to rebuild the then-closed docks and
manage the property, they hired Carl Wolf
as general manager. They reopened for
business in May 1986. The City of
Sandusky is the landowner. Within a 2-mile
radius of Battery Park, there are 7 other
marinas, serving an estimated area boat
population of nearly 5,000 boats around the
bay.
Battery Park Marina has been nationally
credited with helping to revitalize the
Sandusky waterfront, increase tourism for
the entire community, and demonstrate
responsible environmental leadership in the
marina industry.
Management measures
Battery Park Marina achieves the
marina management measures for sewage
facility and maintenance of sewage facili-
ties, as well as shoreline stabilization,
fueling station design, solid waste, fish
waste, liquid materials, petroleum control,
boat cleaning, and public education.
Costs/benefits
Battery Park Marina pumped out more
than 1,000 boat holding tanks in 1995. The
amortized annual cost of the pumpout and
dump station is estimated to be $317, along
with a $20 annual maintenance cost.
Pumpout income for 1995 was $1,500, and
the pumpout service increased fuel sales
volume by an estimated $11,000. The
estimated total net benefit of the pumpout
service was $12,163 for 1995.
Environmental improvements
With the Great Lakes already designated
no-discharge for boat sewage, Battery Park
Marina bought turn-key docks in 1985,
which included a diaphragm pumpout
station on the fuel dock. The pumpout line
was hooked directly to the city sewers.
Later that service expanded with the
addition of a Keco portable toilet dump
station in 1990, which cost
$400. In 1991 the main
pumpout was replaced
with a Johnny Trap
progressing cavity-type
pump system, which cost
$2,450.
"At first we charged
everybody $5.00 per pumpout, but in 1989
made it free for customers and $5 for
others," said Carl Wolf. "Over the years, the
number of pumpouts increased dramatically
as more and more boaters decided to not
discharge overboard. Boat holding tanks
range in size from 3 gallons, many with 20
gallons, up to 50-gallon capacity. We now
range between 50 to 100 pumpouts per
week in season. In 1995 we did over 1,000
pumpouts with an estimated 10,000 gallons
of sewage going for treatment—not into the
lake."
"The annual maintenance cost in 1995
was $20 and generated an income of $ 1,500
from other boats visiting our dock," Wolf
added. The city charges Battery Park no
extra fee for the added boat sewage.
"Most customers are willing to pump
fuel, but not their sewage'. Our dock staff do
all the pumpouts and like the job. Boaters
are so happy with our staffed service that
they tip very well. Using that as an incen-
tive to summer staff, I offer the pumpout
station job only to the returning dock hand
with the best work record from the previous
year." Imagine getting pumped out by the
best employee of the marina!
"Customers want one stop for both fuel
and pumpout. Pumping out at fuel dock
does increase our fuel sales volume an
estimated 4% in 1995, or $11,000 more,"
said Wolf. "Our policy about Y-valves is
simple: no pumping over the side, period!"
In 1996 a second Johnny Trap pumpout
station will be added to the fuel dock,
which will cost $6,000, including design,
permit, and installation. That cost will be
Battery Park Marina has been nation-
ally credited with helping demon-
strate responsible environmental
leadership in the marina industry.
25
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3. Battery Park Marina
Portable toilet dump
station at the fuel dock.
(photo by Battery
Park Marina)
subsidized with a $4,350 CVA pumpout
grant from the State of Ohio. Marina
manager Philip Doller explained, "Our fuel
dock is 15 feet wide by 150 feet long and
we can service up to 20 boats on both sides.
The second Johnny Trap will mean we can
pump out every boat without having to
relocate it near the original pump. On
average it takes about 7 minutes to pump
out and rinse a typical 20-gallon holding
tank."
Other improvements and
benefits
Lake Erie had become so polluted that
20 years ago it was widely called "a dead
lake." Sandusky Harbor was once so dirty
that "we could not see more than a foot
deep into the water," said Wolf. "But by
1995 it had become clear enough for me to
see 6 feet down to the bottom for the first
time in my life." He credits the significantly
improved clarity to three factors: wide-
spread pollution abatement around the lake,
clean marina practices, and zebra mussels
(great filterers). Today both commercial
fishing and sportfishing are doing very
well. Lake Erie is truly a national success
story of pollution abatement.
Another'Lake Erie environmental
success story is Battery Park Marina. When
the Pheiffers leased the property in 1984,
the marina was in such bad repair that
waterway guidebooks actually advised
mariners to stay away. The marina was
totally rebuilt with new docks and land-
scaping, and it reopened in 1986. It quickly
became very popular and economically
successful, and eventually spawned a
number of other marinas on the bay.
"Being as open as we are in the public '
view, we decided to start cleaning things up
and lead the way on the environmental
front," said Wolf. "Every year, we try to
make improvements and update our poli-
cies to protect the waterfront." Much of the
clean marina success was the achievement
of manager Carl Wolf. He worked with the
Rhode Island-based International Marina
Institute (IMI) to create a standardized
marina operations manual for industry use,
including the evolving best management
practices.
26
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3. Battery Park Marina
Clean appearance has always been a top
priority for Battery Park Marina manage-
ment. "I make a point of insisting that all
staff pick up any litter they see. If I am
walking with one of them and see some
paper on the ground, I rush to pick it up
before the employee does. And if I get there
first there is a mild reproach given. Believe
me, with so many young dock staff, they
keep me on my toes trying to keep the place
clean. Our 'Rat Patrol' walks around the
marina daily picking up floating debris with
swimming pool nets," Wolf added.
"Oil spills are not a big problem at
Battery Park Marina, where a large spill is
about four tablespoons," stated Wolf. "We
only had one spill like that in 1995, but we _
still immediately called the Coast Guard, as
is our policy."
"Some of our other efforts toward
environmentalism are oil pads on fuel
dispensers, oil booms strategically placed in
case of spills, grass clippings used for weed
control, and a waste oil and used battery
drop-off point," said Doller. "These are just
a few of our efforts. For example, in 1994
we began to place an oil boom where the
fuel line joins our floating dock, in case the
connection leaks. It is also there to capture
any liquids or debris that floats from either
the east or west basins. The booms last
about 6 months and cost $25 each."
"In 1995 we started placing oil-absor-
bent pads on all of our fuel dispensers to try
to reduce the amount of fuel spilling in the
water during fueling of boats." Staff cut
absorption pads (also called mats and
diapers) into squares, then cut an X-shaped
hole in the center for the fuel nozzle to pass
through. Any backsplash at the filler pipe
gets absorbed instead of splashing on the .,
deck, on a customer, or into the water.
Doller explained, "We used about 55 pads
last summer, with each lasting 1 to 2 weeks.
The boaters like the pads and visually see
the water is cleaner." With a bag of 100
mats costing $88 from New Pig, Battery
Park Marina spent about $48 to prevent the
common source of fuel spill in most
marinas—a very cost-effective practice.
"For several years we have offered a
place to deposit used oil and batteries at no
cost to the customer. The local battery
company doesn't charge us for pickup, and
the local oil company charges $40 a season
for pickups. Before we started recycling,
the waste oil and batteries ended up in the
trash receptacle and created a huge mess,"
said Wolf.
"Most of these environmental improve-
ments are cost-generating for our marina.
But cleanliness and safety are extremely
important goals we strive for at Battery
Park Marina," said Doller. "We hope this
encourages customers to continue docking
their boats at our facility." Arid it obviously
has done that.
With the City of Sandusky their land-
lord, Battery Park Marina has always tried
to cooperate with the city administrators
and commissioners as much as possible.
The marina runs a series of special public
events, including a fishing derby for kids, a
"Fishing Has No Boundaries" program for
handicapped persons, two boat shows, and
four concerts. "If we were not a clean
marina, these events would not be here,"
Wolf stated. Apparently, this has worked
because "the city uses photos of our marina
in its downtown promotional efforts and
seldom blocks our marina plans." Battery
Park Marina has a fish-cleaning station
available for customer use—a testimony to
the improved fishery and water quality of
Lake Erie.
Every year before the boating season
begins, all marina employees participate in
an in-service training program. Run by
Wolf, it includes operational, emergency,
and environmental basics. In addition, each
employee has a written job description plus
a copy of the marina's operational manual
of practices. Everyone knows what is
expected. And the positive and professional
attitude of the staff encourages customers to
keep the marina clean. Battery Park news-
letters and signs educate boaters on proper
disposal of garbage, recyclables, and
27
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3. Battery Park Marina
contaminants.
Because there are no boat maintenance
services offered at Battery Park Marina, it
has not needed an NPDES storm water
permit.
Battery Park Marina decided to recycle
its lawn clippings as a mulch around its
many planting beds to help control weeds,
add natural fertilizer, and help retain
moisture. "The old way had been fine, but
we can no longer take trimmings to the
landfill," Wolf said. "As mulch, it looks a
lot better than weeds."
"With the economy tight, customers are
looking at price, but they are willing to pay
a bit more at Battery Park because we are a
clean marina." That proactive position
earned industry-wide recognition when the
marina was nominated for the National
Marine Manufacturers Association's
Environmental Responsibility Award for
1994, and received coverage in several
national boating trade magazines and local
newspapers.
Equipment sources
• Pumpout station, progressing cavity-
type pump: Johnny Trap; Far Products,
Inc., P.O. Box 561, Fremont, OH
43420-0561.
• Portable toilet dump station: Keco,
Inc., P.O. Box 80308, San Diego, CA
92138.
• Oil absorption mats and spill boom:
Pig Mats; New Pig, One Pork Avenue,
P.O. Box 304, Tipton, PA 16684-0304.
28
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4. Brewer's Cove Haven Marina
Metered Sewage Flow Saves Thousands
Location: 101 Narragansett Avenue, Barrington, Rhode Island 02806
Telephone: (401)246-1600 Fax:(401)246-0731
Interviewed: J. Michael Keyworth, General Manager
Owned by: Cove Haven Corporation — Jack Brewer, Principal of the
Brewer Boatyards chain in northeastern states
Waterbody: Bullocks Cove, in east shore of Narragansett Bay
Environmental change
After adding a new pumpout station in
1994, a Doppler-type flow meter was
installed on the marina's sewer line con-
necting into the town system, resulting in a
lower annual sewer bill.
The full-service marina and
boatyard
Well-landscaped and very clean,
Brewer's Cove Haven Marina recently
renovated its restrooms and showers to the
delight of customers and the occupants of
the 10 seasonal liveaboards. First built in
1961, Cove Haven was purchased in 1967
and became part of the 14-marina chain
owned by Jack Brewer of New York. It is
rated among the best marinas in Rhode
Island.
Cove Haven is a full-service facility
with a summer capacity for storing 220
boats in slips and 50 on land, while main-
taining a full boatyard repair service for
pleasure and commercial vessels. During a
visit to the site, the author observed that a
105-foot U.S. Coast Guard cutter had been
hauled with the 150-ton travel lift for major
hull, propulsion, and interior work. The
operation is so clean that no dust entered
the well-used swimming pool about 100
feet away.
Cove Haven remains one of the few
yards specializing in the 12-meter
America's Cup boats, and at one time
maintained vessels from six different
competing syndicates. The marina special-
izes in fine hull refinishing using the latest
environmentally "friendly" high-volume,
low-pressure (HVLP) sprays and dustless
sanders. Other services include complete
repair service to fiberglass hulls and
inboard engines, metal fabrication, paint-
ing, sailboat rigging, canvas/sails, electron-
ics, bottom cleaning, and keel installation.
Much of the hull repair and painting is done
inside several large storage and work
buildings on site.
In addition to the slips and dry storage,
Cove Haven is home to a yacht club,
transient dockage, launch/haulout, used
boat brokerage, marine store, fuel dock, and
pool for customers. Other boat-hauling
equipment includes a hydraulic trailer, a
crane, and a forklift. Thirty-two employees
work full-time year-round, with six part-
timers added in the summer boating season.
Boat sizes range from under 21 feet to well
over 50 feet, with 66% in the 26- to 40-foot
size range.
29
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4. Brewer's Cove Haven Marina
"The nonpoint source guidance
is what we should be doing
because it's the right thing
to do for the environment.
And it is also good for
our boating business."
With 8 other marinas and boatyards and
a combined fleet of nearly 2,000 boats
within 2 miles of Cove Haven's docks, the
marina is in a very competitive market. But
as part of the Brewer Yacht Yards marina
chain along the coast from New York to
Maine, Cove Haven has made a concerted
effort to become an environmentally
compatible marina. "When we started to
clean up the yard several years ago," Mike
Keyworth explained, "our customers gave
us many compliments. So we kept on
cleaning up and making improvements.
And they complimented us more and more,
which made us feel good. The thing about
this process is that once we started, the
more we wanted to do."
As a result of many environmental
improvements, Brewer's Cove Haven
Marina recovered faster from the recent
[1989-1993] recession. Its slips nearly sold
out, and the marina still charges berth rates
among the highest in its market.
No stranger to environmental regula-
tions, Mike Keyworth was one of a number
who at first wanted to fight the proposed
Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amend-
ment (CZARA) program nonpoint source
requirements back in 1991, but instead
became involved in recommending changes
to make the process work for both the
environment and the marina industry.
Becoming an environmental activist, first as
the Marina Chairman and
currently as President of
the Rhode Island Marine
Trades Association,
Keyworth has devoted
hundreds of hours to
making Rhode Island's
coastal and environmental
regulations more realistic
for the government and for the boating
industry, the state's largest maritime
industry.
In a recent statewide marina workshop,
Keyworth said, "Even if Congress modifies
the Clean Water Act, the nonpoint source
guidance is what we should be doing
because it's the right thing to do for the
environment. And it is also good for our
boating business."
Management measures
Brewer's Cove Haven Marina achieves
the marina management measures for
sewage facility and maintenance of sewage
facilities, as well as shoreline stabilization,
storm water runoff control, fueling station
design, solid waste, liquid materials,
petroleum control, and public education.
Costs/benefits
Cove Haven's town sewer bill decreased
from $3,410 in 1994 to $807 in 1995 after
installation of a sewage flow meter. Annual
savings are expected to continue, and
possibly increase, due to the rising cost of
town sewer fees. The sewage flow meter
and manhole were installed at Brewer's
Cove Haven Marina for a cost of $6,800.
Environmental improvements
Doing the right thing is not always as
easy as it looks or should be. In this case,
Brewer's Cove Haven Marina applied for
and received a Clean Vessel Act (CVA)
grant through the State of Rhode Island to
install a two-station pumpout system with
direct connection into the Town of
Barrington's sewer line.
Once the grant had been approved, Mike
Keyworth applied for a local permit to
expand his sewer connection with the new
boat pumpout. But, since the town sends
all its sewage to the plant in the neighbor-
ing City of East Providence, it is bound by
their regulations. Apparently an ordinance
exists to prohibit septic haulers from
loading their plant with waste from towns
other than Barrington. Once the East
Providence authorities learned of the
approved pumpout station, they asked
whether all the boats that could use it were
from either East Providence or Barrington.
Keyworth replied honestly that the boaters
30
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4. Brewer's Cove Haven Marina
came from many towns and several states
and included frequent transient visitors
from greater distances along the Atlantic
Coast. On that basis, East Providence
denied Cove Haven's request to tie in. After
months of discussions, and with help from
the Rhode Island Department of Environ-
mental Management, the city realized how
important it was to help clean the bay and
modified its ordinance to exempt boat
sewage from that restriction. That done,
Cove Haven was permitted to tie in.
However, the East Providence officials
estimated that the new pumpouts would
significantly increase the sewage flow from
the marina and projected a major increase
in the annual sewage bill. Keyworth argued
that the volume of boat sewage effluent
would be relatively small and limited to the
boating season (almost all from May
through September). He further explained
that since the normal sewer bill was based
on the volume of town water purchased,
even with the pumpout included, the
marina's sewer volume would be less than
that currently charged. A large percentage
of the water used in this full-service marina
was used outdoors, mostly to hose down
boats in slips, as well as to keep Cove
Haven's swimming pool full and to water
plantings. East Providence challenged Cove
Haven to either prove exactly what the
sewer volume would be or accept the city's
higher cost estimate.
With the town engineer's approval, a
low-volume sewage flow meter and man-
hole were installed to measure 100% of the
marina's sewage output. The cost of that
installation was $6,800. In a very smart
move, Keyworth insisted that the meter
measure the entire marina, not just the
pumpout station as the town had first
suggested.
Once the pumpout stations and meter
were installed, the town began to read the
meter every month. Based on the readings,
i.e., actual marina sewage flow volumes,
the 1995 sewer bill decreased by a total of
$2,603. The overall cost to construct and
install the sewage flow meter and manhole
was $6,800 in 1994. Based on cost saving
alone due to the metering, this cost would
be paid off in 2.3 years. However, the
installation cost of the flow meter was
Brewer's Cove Haven
Marina accommodates
220 power and sail boats.
(All photos by Neil Ross
unless otherwise noted.)
31
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4. Brewer's Cove Haven Marina
covered in the marinas's CVA grant for the
pumpout station with the 25% match
contributed by the Rhode Island Depart-
ment of Environmental Management.
Other marinas with sewer bills based on
the volume of city water purchased should
consider installing a flow meter, Keyworth
recommends. The actual sewage volume
produced will almost always be much less
than the amount of water used, and savings
can result.
Other improvements at Cove Haven
include oil spill containment equipment
stored at the fuel dock, dustless sanding,
recycling of used oil and solvents, public
education through newsletters and signs,
designated hull work areas, and major
renovation of restrooms and showers.
Other benefits
Slip customers at Cove Haven, like
others with slips in the five-state Brewer
chain, receive a credit-card size magnetic
card to operate the do-it-yourself pumpout
station free. There is a refundable $50.
deposit for the card, which allows all free
pumpouts in any one or all 15 marinas in
the coastal chain. Non-slip customers pay
$5.00 per pumpout.
By offering pumpout service to all the
boats in Bullocks Cove, "that which is
pumped out is not pumped out into the
waters of the bay," Keyworth said. "Our
boaters receive a clear message that we are
doing the environmental right thing, and
they should do it as well.
The town benefited when inappropriate
local sewage regulations were modified to
accommodate changing times and stan-
dards. Rhode Island was able to further
accomplish its goal toward cleaner waters,
which is good for the public. The national
Clean Vessel Act's goals, enacted by
Congress, were accomplished here. And in
the process, metering our line obviously
saves money on sewer bills."
Brewer's Cove Haven Marina is thus
saving a significant annual cost after
challenging and proving that its annual
sewage production-from a 220-slip full-
service marina with two pumpout stations-
was much lower than previously estimated
and billed in past years. The main benefit
of this project-for the people of East
Providence, Barrington, and Rhode Island-
is that Cove Haven Marina (and the three
other Brewer yacht yards around
Narragansett Bay) is helping to improve the
water quality. Mike Keyworth added, "We
need clean water for people to have good
boating on the bay."
"We add an environmental surcharge of
1% on everything—slips, haulout, labor,
services, materials—as do the other full-
service marinas in our Brewer chain
(although the rate may vary between
yards)," Kenworth said. "We only had one
or two complaints at first. Now everyone
accepts it as part of their contribution in the
effort to clean up the waters of our bay."
Income from the surcharge has helped pay
for Mike's time attending environmental
planning meetings with government
professionals, as well as obtaining an
NPDES permit, developing a BMP plan,
training staff, cleaning up the yard, posting
signs, and other unbillable costs necessary
to maintain a clean marina.
Equipment sources
• Sewage meter: An echo ranging,
ultrasonic flow meter used in con-
junction with a primary measuring
weir device for fluid flow in an open
channel. Mounted above the weir, the
transponder works by measuring the
changing distance from the meter to
the surface of the liquid passing the
weir neck. Polysonics ERS91-F,
open-channel flow meter, by Peek
Measurement, Houston, TX.
• Pumpout station and magnetic card:
Waubaushene ARV 125-gallon;
Waubaushene Machine and Welding,
P.O. Box 99, 111 Coldwater Road,
Waubaushene, Ontario, Canada.
32
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5. Cap Sante Boat Haven
Recycling Program Means Big Savings for Town Marina
Location: 11th and Q Avenue, P.O. Box 297, Anacortes, WA 98221
Telephone: (360) 293-0694 Fax: (360) 299-0998
Interviewed: Dale Fowler, Harbormaster
Owned by: Port of Anacortes
Water body: Fidalgo Bay, Strait of Juan de Fuca
Environmental change
Public education and a free recycling
program lead to cleaner water, cost saving,
and pleased customers at this large public
saltwater marina.
The large public marina
Cap Sante Boat Haven is a publicly
owned and operated facility located in the
heart of the Town of Anacortes. The marina
has 1,150 slips for boats from 17 to 100 feet
LOA, with the average vessel at 36 feet. It
was 100% occupied in 1995 and is "always
full with a waiting list for permanent
moorage," wrote Jeanine Keller, a staff
member at Cap Sante. "Sailboats occupy
40% of our slips with the remaining 60%
powerboats."
The marina operates year-round as both
a home port and a major destination harbor.
During the boating season there are 18 full-
time employees, 8 of whom work year-
round. On a typical weekend, during the
June through September summer season,
there were 100 to 200 transient boats
visiting with most staying overnight. A total
of 12,000 transient boat nights were logged
in 1995. There are no liveaboard boats.
Two pumpouts, four restrooms/showers,
and two laundromats are available in the
marina. The U.S. Coast Guard has a dock
and office in the marina. Another section of
the marina provides moorage for up to 150
commercial fishing boats.
Next to the municipal marina is the
commercial boatyard, Cap Sante Marine,
Ltd., which leases land from the Port of
Anacortes. The yard has full boat repairs,
hauling, storage, boat sales, engine war-
ranty work, and ship's store available.
That's where many of the marina's custom-
ers get work done, including bottom
cleaning.
Within a 2-mile radius are 4 other
marina facilities, all serving almost 3,000
boats in the area. The Boat Haven was
started in 1926 as a fishing moorage facility
in a light commercial ship building and
fishing port. The current marina was ex-
panded by 500 slips and upgraded in 1984.
Management measures
Cap Sante marina achieves the marina
management measures for solid waste and
liquid materials, as well as marina flush-
ing, shoreline stabilization, storm water
runoff control, sewage facility, mainte-
nance of sewage facilities, petroleum
control, and public education.
33
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5. Cap Sante Boat Marina
"Even though the recycling
service is free to customers,
it still saves our marina
money by cutting down
on the amount of trash
we pay to have hauled away."
Costs/benefits
Cap Sante Boat Haven has a free waste
recycling program, which cost the marina
$1,200 in 1995, but eliminated $12,000 in
waste disposal costs, for a net saving of
$10,800.
Environmental improvements
Cap Sante Boat Haven initiated its
comprehensive recycling program in 1991.
As part of an aggressive community
program, the marina collects and recycles
cans, glass, paper, waste oil, antifreeze,
cardboard, plastic, wood, and flashlight
batteries—all free to customers. In the
commercial fishing section, recycling also
includes fishnet and bulk metals.
"We have seen a cleaner environment
with much less litter in the water. With this
waste stream diverted to proper disposal,
we find this promotes boater compliance
with other environmental regulations. Since
our facility is open to the public, our
neatness pleases customers and the commu-
nity," said Dale Fowler. "Even though the
recycling service is free to customers, it still
saves our marina money by cutting down
on the amount of trash we
pay to have hauled away.
Our waste stream cost was
approaching $80,000
annually."
"Anacortes has a waste
management program
townwide and we partici-
pate. We rent 28 recycling bins (separate for
glass, paper/cardboard, plastics) and place
them at each of our 8 dock heads to make
them easy to use. To get to the dumpsters,
people must walk past the recycle bins;
they feel guilty if they don't recycle.
In 1995, "It cost us over $60,000 in
trash removal, while we saved $12,000.
Each year we easily pull out 10% to 20%
for recycling, yielding savings of $6,000 to
$15,000 annually. We pay the town $1,200
rent for the bins, so the savings are obvi-
ous."
"Many people help us by recycling, but
there are a suiprising large number who just
won't take the time to recycle. They dump
everything in the trash—and that is much
more costly."
"Our whole Skagit County currently has
recycling available. We have to pay to
dispose of waste one way or another, so we
recycle as much as possible. Another
example is getting rid of the commercial
boat waste. It cost $8,000 previously, but
now less because some of the used com-
mercial fishnet is recycled into landscaping
and tennis court nets (for a real net sav-
ing!). Recycling is becoming a way of life
here."
A unique form of recycling organized by
Cap Sante Boat Haven is its materials
exchange program, which encourages
sharing leftover products like varnish
instead of tossing them away. As the
marina's newsletter explains,
In the harbormaster's office you can use
our materials exchange sheet. Simply list
your name, telephone number, and a brief
description of the product you have an
excess of. You will give a fellow boater the
chance to get more life out of a product,
rather than disposing of it. All products
must have original labels in place.
Other improvements and
benefits
"Cap Sante Boat Haven is widely
known as the best marina along this part of
the coast—for our restrooms, layout, clean
water and grounds. People come back
because they like it here. We estimate that
25% of our transient customers' good
impression of the marina is based on our
clean water," said Fowler. "Gross transient
income was $150,000, but if we weren't a
clean marina our estimated total would be
much less."
"All our storm drains are stenciled
'Dump no waste - drains to Bay' with
pictures of crabs and fish. This proactive
approach pays off in attracting customers.
34
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5. Cap Sante Boat Marina
;fc'?*:TS£3r***«^
Municipal Cap Sante
Boat Haven, on
Washington's Strait of
Juan de Fuca. (photo by
Cap Sante Boat Haven)
We are 100% full with 4-year waiting lists,
so we know clean environment is impor-
tant."
Two pumpout stations, one fixed and the
other mobile, and two portable toilet dump
stations are available free for boater use.
"We removed the fee to encourage use of
pumpouts. Also, in our rules and regula-
tions we made our marina a no-discharge
facility even though the bay is not a feder-
ally approved no-discharge area yet. Our
30-gallon mobile 'Honey Wagon' pumpout
is on a cart. About half the people who use
the mobile unit bring the cart to their boat
but, surprisingly, others find it more
convenient to take their boat to the cart. In
1995, we collected over 5,000 gallons of
sewage, which went directly into the town
sewer system for treatment."
"We had the use of a prototype pumpout
barge for one year, and it worked so well
we will buy one in 1996," explained
Fowler. "The barge system offered us the
highest flexibility and ease of use for the
customer. The barge will be anchored
between two piles at the mouth of the
harbor to make it convenient and easy to
use. A self-serve pumpout and our second
dump station will be on it. We applied for a
CVA $30,000 pumpout grant through the
state, and hope to have the barge in service
by June 1996," said Fowler. "It will have a
3,500-gallon capacity and should need
emptying twice a year."
The Cap Sante Boat Haven is prepared
for oil spills with absorption booms and
pads. "Numerous 30-foot to 100-foot
sorbent-type 6-inch-diameter booms are
strategically anchored cross current to
capture any drifting oil. There is very good
tidal flushing and we change those floating
booms twice a year. As for oil spills, we
deployed another boom only two times in
1995," Fowler reported. "We are consider-
ing replacing the absorbent spill boom in
1996 by buying 700 feet of containment
boom to control spills, then using pads to
absorb the fuel. Then we can estimate the
amount of spillage by the number of pads
used. This will make billing customers for
cleanup easier. The new boom will cost
about $9.00 per foot and should last 10
35
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5. Cap Sante Boat Marina
years. The absorption pads are cheap—
about $0.25 each. We use about 800 pads
per year (4 bales of 200 each), at a cost of
$50 per bale, or $200 per year."
"We encourage all boats to have oil
absorption pads in their bilges," Fowler
stated, "and it really helps keep the water
cleaner. Most of the oil spilled in the harbor
comes out through the bilge. The largest
spill we've had was under 12 gallons and
came out of a power boat after the transfer
pump was left on and overfilled one tank.
But the most common spills are very small.
We also get spills in the summer from
thermal expansion squirting fuel out the air
vent."
This marina received a Washington
State NPDES storm water permit. However,
there is some question whether it is re-
quired. The Port of Anacortes is not a
commercial business, the marina does not
do boat maintenance or cleaning, and the
marina does not have a SIC number, nor
does the town's population reach the
100,000 threshold above which a storm
water permit would be required. "We
control runoff from our paved parking lots
with vegetated buffers—grassy swales
which act as bio-filters. All our storm drains
have oil/water separators. Catching the
pollutants before they get into the bay has
made a big difference improving marina
water quality. Each dock head also has
signs urging boaters not to throw trash
overboard and to use the waste oil collec-
tion centers."
The neighboring boatyard tenant has a
storm water permit, as is required of
commercial boat-servicing businesses.
Pressure washing is done there, but the
waste water goes through traps and filters at
that yard in compliance with Washington's
storm water permit regulations.
Harbormaster Dale Fowler is the past
president of the Pacific Coast Congress of
Harbormasters, where he has actively been
promoting clean marina practices. "Marina
customers have a very strong sense of
ownership in their marina. They like to see
a clean marina attitude because this is
where they come for recreation. It's like
their backyard, and they are quick to point
out any mess. By identifying small prob-
lems, boaters help us stop them before they
become big ones. Keeping a clean marina
helps our customers feel good about their
marina and us."
"In the Pacific Coast Congress, we
spend a lot of time on environmental issues
as our consistent theme. Pollution and
cleanup impact us [harbormasters] all in
financial and legal ways. As a concept, we
can make the very best out of environmen-
tal improvements by doing things in a
proactive manner. Hopefully we can avoid
problems, because we strive for a higher
level of customer service and quality of life.
This is one of those places where an ounce
of prevention is worth a pound of cure."
Equipment sources
• Mobile pumpout: Honey Wagon
portable pumpout system; Northwest
Yacht Brokers Association, 2442
Northwest Market, #321, Seattle,
WA98107.
• Stationary pumpout: Keco, Inc., P.O.
Box 80308, San Diego, CA 92138.
• Portable toilet dump station: Keco,
Inc.
36
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6. Cedar Island Marina, Inc.
Marina Habitat Assessment and Scallop Farming
Location: Riverside Drive, P.O. Box 181, Clinton, Connecticut 06413
Telephone: (860)669-8681 Fax:(860)669-4157
Interviewed: Jeffrey Shapiro, President
Owned by: Shapiro Family Trusts
Waterbody: Clinton Harbor, Long Island Sound
Environmental change
Ten years of private ecology research
has demonstrated that recreational boat full-
service marinas are productive artificial
reefs and has led to the development of
commercially viable bay scallop aquacul-
ture under marina docks.
The full-service marina,
boatyard, and fish farm
Cedar Island Marina is a family-owned
business that calls itself "the family boating
resort." It is a full-service marina/boatyard
with 400 slips operating at 94% capacity in
1995, with many transient visitors filling
slips vacated when homeport vessels are
away. Three boats are year-round
liveaboards. Boat sizes range from under 21
feet up to 120 feet, with 76% between 21
and 35 feet, and 19% longer; 35% are
sailboats.
Cedar Island has a staff of 25 year-round
employees, which expands to 50 full-timers
during the boating season. In addition to
slips, the marina has retail services: ship's
store, grocery, ice, bait/tackle, used boat
brokerage, fuel dock, and pumpout.
Launch/haulout is available with a 30-ton
travel lift and "giraffe" crane for indoor and
outdoor winter boat storage. Full repair
services include fiberglass, hull, and engine
repair; painting; sail rigging; sail making;
welding/metal fabrication; and bottom
cleaning.
Located in Clinton Harbor, one of the
few protected harbors (in southern New
England) not burdened with industry, the
resort-like marina is 1 mile from the
entrance buoy to Long Island Sound and
borders the Hammonasset Nature Preserve.
Its customer amenities include a laundry,
60-foot swimming pool, sauna, whirlpool,
picnic grounds, saltwater beach, snack bar,
275-seat restaurant, poolside bands, night
security, cable TV, and a children's activity
director. On a busy summer weekend
approximately 40% of the boats are in use,
occupied, or under way out of the harbor;
about 20% of the boats have people sleep-
ing overnight.
Within a 2-mile radius, there are 8 other
marinas and boatyards with an estimated
total boat population of 2,000. The prime
boating season starts in May and ends in
October. Cedar Island Marina was bought
by the Shapiro family in 1974 and con-
verted from a fuel terminal built in 1964.
Jeffrey Shapiro is also a general partner in
the Clinton Harbor Boat Show each July—
another major focus of attention, publicity,
and potential customer draw to his marina.
37
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6. Cedar Island Marina, Inc.
Wilt removable center
panels, marine biologists
check the growth of
scallops in traps
suspended below the
Cedar Island Marina's
floating docks.
Management measures
Cedar Island Marina achieves the
marina management measures for water
quality assessment and habitat assessment,
as well as marina flushing, shoreline
stabilization, storm water runoff control,
fueling station design, sewage facility,
sewage facility maintenance, solid waste,
liquid materials, petroleum control, and
public education.
Costs/benefits
In 1995, Cedar Island Marina spent
$38,500 to staff and operate its private
marina research laboratory, including two
full-time marine biologists. Its aquaculture
project and public display aquariums
attracted new boating families into slips for
the season and helped retain other custom-
ers, resulting in an estimated $46,000 gross
slip income. The special docks designed by
Cedar Island for the aquaculture project
cost the company no more than conven-
tional docks. Marina management estimates
that the aquaculture project brings them
around $5,000 worth of publicity each year
and has extended their dredging season,
saving another $5,000 annually.
Environmental improvements
When the State of Connecticut turned
down Cedar Island Marina's request for an
additional 396 slips in 1988 because the
expansion would be "destroying valuable
marina life and habitat," little did anyone
realize what positive effects would result
after Jeffrey Shapiro accepted the chal-
lenge. "We decided to prove Connecticut
wrong because I was convinced that the
marina would improve—not destroy—the
harbor's habitat. So I began hiring environ-
mental consultants to test what was happen-
ing in and under the marina waters here."
That effort has turned into a full-time
marina ecology research laboratory with
two full-time scientists. Thirteen technical
reports were published and/or presented at
professional estuarine, fisheries manage-
ment, and Long Island Sound conferences
between 1989 and 1995.
The Cedar Island Marine Research
Laboratory is entirely owned, operated, and
funded as part of Cedar Island Marina. Its
laboratory and in-water field station are
also in the marina. Studies have included
assessment and long-term monitoring of
water quality (temperature, salinity, dis-
solved oxygen), marina habitat, coastal
birds, and finfish communities (particularly
juvenile winter flounder,
Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in the
marina, as compared to other natural
habitats in Clinton Harbor.
"Testing has proven that our marina's
waters have good oxygen levels and lower
coliform counts than those at the town
beach. And heavy metals did not accumu-
late in scallops growing on the marina
bottom," Jeffrey Shapiro stated. "Also the
periwinkle snails—a favorite food of winter
flounder—are 20 times more abundant on
the marina's dredged bottom than on the
neighboring mud flats, which helps explain
why we have a 10-times larger population
of baby flounder under our docks than
elsewhere in the harbor."
Studies in recent years—performed in
cooperation with the marine laboratories of
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Con-
necticut Department of Environmental
Protection (DEP), and Connecticut Sea
Grant—have focused on the marina habitat
with special emphasis on its finfish nursery
and shellfish aquaculture potential.
38
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6. Cedar /stand Marina, (nc.
Noticing that many marine species grew
more rapidly and remained healthy under
marina docks and boats, Shapiro's lab staff
started growing shellfish on trays sus-
pended below the floating docks. Indeed,
they grew faster than those placed in
neighboring natural marsh flats and were
just as safe for human consumption.
Oysters, it was determined, could be grown
to market size 1 year quicker under boat
docks than outside the marina basin. (Note:
Cedar Island's research under marina docks
is consistent with that done by others on
hard-shell clams in Rhode Island and
finfish in Washington.)
But two key factors inhibited use of
marinas for oyster farming. First, U.S. Food
and Drug Administration standards require
the filter-feeding oysters to be relocated to
"clean" waters for several months of
depuration before being eaten, and that
extra handling is costly. Second, oysters
take 4 years to grow to market size. Shapiro
switched to another shellfish—bay scal-
lops—and seems to have solved those
problems.
In the spring of 1995, with some Con-
necticut Sea Grant funds and in-kind
technical help from state and federal marine
biologists, Cedar Island Marine Research
Laboratory bought 6,000 baby bay scallops,
each about the diameter of a pencil (mea-
sured as 1,000 per liter). The scallops were
distributed inside plastic mesh bags placed
into three-level wire cages hung beneath
special 60-ft floating aquaculture docks
designed and built by Cedar Island Marina.
Deck trap doors open to allow access to
each shellfish cage for easy removal. Every
4 weeks, each cage is pulled. The mesh
bags are opened, and the scallops are
counted, measured, lightly brushed to
remove fouling growth, and separated into
more bags, but with fewer scallops per bag
to allow expanded growing space.
By late September, all the scallops had
grown to market size averaging 3 inches
each. Asked what the mortality rate had
been, research manager Matthew Mroczka
answered, "I expected about a 30% death
rate, but so far have lost 4—not percent—
only 4 scallops, leaving 5,996 still alive and
growing!" Aquaculture typically has higher
survival rates than those in nature, often
because of protection from predators, but
Cedar Island's demonstration is truly
remarkable.
"Now for the good part of why scallops
are better than oysters here," said Shapiro.
"When most shellfish are eaten, we con-
sume all the meat and stomach, including
whatever the animal's last meals included.
But we only eat the large muscle of the
scallop with the stomach thrown away. So
the concerns about water quality do not
apply the same way for scallops. Second,
the scallop lives only one year from seed to
maturity. So producing shellfish for market
is largely done during one boating season."
"Today, each 3-inch scallop retails at
500, so if we sold this year's crop, we
would gross $3,000. However, because the
seed, costing $72, was paid for with a
federal grant, we will turn them over to the
University of Connecticut. But we will
keep some of the biggest ones (which grew
fastest) to become our breeding stock for
1996. And we will expand the number of
scallops and cages. We are happy with it,"
Shapiro said. "Next year we're going to
make money on it in a business way. And
each year we'll select our fastest-growing
scallops as breeders for the next generation,
much as farmers select their best seed and
animals for breeding."
"For 30 years there has been no com-
mercial scallop fishery in the state. But
within specially designed docks at Cedar
Island Marina could be the seeds of a
reborn commercial fishery."—The Hartford
Courant, September 23, 1995.
Other benefits
Another clear business benefit derived
from the lab work is that Cedar Island
Marina is permitted to do its annual dredg-
ing, to maintain -8 feet MLW, during non-
winter months. (All other marinas on Long
39
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6. Cedar Island Marina, Inc.
Aqttacnlttire wire mesh
traps protect scallop seed
from predators and hold
multi-levels of trays.
"Many boats arrive for fuel
and pumpout at Cedar Island's
dock just so the kids can run
to the office to see the
aquarium with all that stuff
living under their docks."
Island Sound are limited to dredging in
bitter cold months.) "Our environmental
database, particularly the juvenile winter
flounder data, helped convinced the state to
extend our marina maintenance dredging
season beyond the February 1 deadline to
June 1, which gives a $5,000 cost saving by
spot dredging in warmer weather."
This unusual marine research laboratory,
owned and operated by a private commer-
cial full-service marina, is unique in the
world. Shapiro admits that it is unlikely that
most other marinas could afford such a
sustained scientific effort. "I learned that it
was more cost-effective to hire full-time
biologists rather than hiring consultants at
$100 per hour. We've been
spending over $30,000
annually for 5 to 6 years,
and are now only really
starting to see a [business]
return." But the Cedar
Island Marine Research
Laboratory's published
reports will benefit the
entire marina industry internationally for
many years.
To demonstrate the marine life diversity
in the boating facility, the lab staff stocks
and maintains a 400-gallon saltwater
aquarium in the marina office. It is a major
attraction for children and parents. "Many
boats arrive for fuel and pumpout at Cedar
Island's dock just so the kids can run to the
office to see the aquarium with all that stuff
living under their docks," Shapiro said
proudly. "We set up a large marine touch
tank during the Clinton Harbor Boat Show
in late July. There were 5,000 people
visiting the show, and our tank was the
biggest attraction in the exhibit. It really
impacts boater behavior not to throw trash
or oil overboard. It also attracts visitors
who heard about our aquarium. We get a
chance to educate people about our envi-
ronment."
"We got a $3,000 pumpout grant to add
a second portable pump and 250-gallon
holding tank for our fuel dock," Shapiro
said. "We use a large 3-inch-diameter
diaphragm pump and hose to give us
greater suction and faster speed. We charge
$5.00 for a pumpout done by our
deckhands, but it is free for our slip renters.
As a staff incentive, at the end of the season
each year I recognize the staff member who
did the most pumpouts with a personali/ed
'Pumpout King Award' and his/her name
added to the plaque hanging in the fuel
dock office. I started this in 1989 at the
suggestion of two dock boys who were
competing to get the most pumpouts that
summer. The winner that year is listed first,
then the other returned in 1990 determined
to win—and he did—so his name is second.
They like the competition." Asking every
boat at the fuel dock to have a pumpout is
part of the staff's written job description.
Also at the fuel dock, "An oil absorption
boom, attached to a painter extension pole,
lays on one end of the dock. Whenever a
small spill occurs during fueling, the
deckhand grabs the pole and pulls the 30-
foot boom over the petroleum and moves it
around until all the spill is absorbed, much
like a mop would."
Waste oil and batteries are collected at
the service area for recycling. This gives
people a convenient place to bring their
used oil, instead of throwing it into the
dumpster or on the ground.
Gravel permeable parking and work
areas help control runoff pollution. Land-
scaping in the public areas around the
stores, pool, and restaurant makes a nice,
clean marina atmosphere for boaters.
40
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7. Conanicut Marine Services, Inc
Marina's Inland Boatyard/Storage Reduces
Environmental Risks and Costs
Location: One Ferry Wharf, Jamestown, Rhode Island 02835
Telephone: (401)423-1556 Fax:(401)423-7152
Interviewed: William Munger, President
Owned by: Marilyn and William Munger
Waterbody: East Passage, Narragansett Bay
Environmental change
Off-site boat repair and storage at two
inland sites avoids potential environmental
harm to the bay at this downtown marina
and mooring basin.
The full-service marina
Conanicut Marine Services, located at
the site of the former Newport-Jamestown
ferry terminal, continues maritime industry
use of the shore that started in 1675. The
Mungers built the East Ferry Marina in
1974 in the old ferry basin and pier under a
lease from Jamestown. The marina was
expanded and doubled in 1995 with the
addition of Conanicut Marina, also owned
by the Mungers. It has more than 1,200 feet
of fixed pier dockage and wet storage
capacity for 305 boats (100 slips and 205
moorings), with a minimum 10-foot water
depth. Of these, 48 slips and 20 moorings
are held open for transient boat visits, so
important to the local economy. During the
1995 boating season, the marina was sold
out of seasonal slips and 90% of its moor-
ings. The largest boat it can accommodate
in a slip is 200 feet, with the average
ranging from 28 to 30 feet LOA. The boats
are split with 80% sailboats and 20%
powerboats—about the opposite of most
other marinas in the state. A public dinghy
dock is provided for boats kept on moor-
ings.
In addition to the slips, moorings, and
transient dockage, Conanicut Marina offers
an on-site fuel dock (gasoline and diesel),
Conanicut Store, electronic sale/service,
free pumpout, ice sales, launching/haulout,
mast stepping, sail rigging repair, bottom
cleaning, and used boat brokerage. Free
slips are provided for the town boats of the
harbormaster and fire department. A 20-ton
and a 12-ton crane do most of the sailboat
rigging and small boat launching off the
marina pier. The marina's shore is a town
park and public parking lot. Several fine
restaurants, shops, and hotels are close to
the docks.
While the dockage is seasonal, mostly
between May 1 and mid-October,
Conanicut Marina is a year-round, full-
service marina with off-site, non-waterfront
boat repair and dry storage. Twenty profes-
41
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7. Conanicut Marine Services, Inc.
sionals are employed year-round, and an
additional 10 work during the summer
boating season. Boats are repaired at the
Conanicut Marine Valley Street Shop, about
0.5 mile inland to the west of the marina.
Services provided inside the heated shop
buildings include fiberglass, painting, and
engine repairs. The main Conanicut Marine
Services office is located over the ship's
store at the marina.
Conanicut Marine Services' Taylor
Point Yard is an 11-acre boat storage yard,
added in 1985. It is located 0.75 mile inland
north of the marina basin. Over 30 boats up
to 45 feet are dry-stored in two large sheds,
with 150 more outside on cradles or trailers.
Bottom painting, winterization, oil changes,
and rigging repairs are done at the storage
yard. To move the boats between the
marina, shop, and yard, the marina has two
submersible-type hydraulic trailers. The
hot-dipped, galvanized trailers use a town
ramp adjacent to the marina, while the
cranes operate off a solid pier in the facility.
The trailers added a new profit center, boat
delivery service to homes across the state.
During a peak summer weekend,
typically about 30% (approximately 80) of
the boats in Conanicut Marina are used by
customers. About 20% (or 50 boats) are
used for sleepovers. Restrooms and show-
ers, as with pumpouts, are free to custom-
ers. There are no liveaboards in the marina.
Within a 2-mile radius of the facility are
three other marinas and boatyards, plus one
yacht club. All five (including Conanicut)
serve a boat population estimated at more
than 1,000. During the 1995 season,
Conanicut Marina began offering ferry
service to and from Newport, reinstituting
shuttle service between Narragansett Bay's
two largest islands. After 300 years of
operation, the service had been suspended
in 1969 when the Newport Bridge opened.
Conanicut Marine Services is
Jamestown's second-largest private em-
ployer with 22 full-time workers.
Management measures
Conanicut Marine Services achieves the
marina management measure for storm
water runoff control, as well as the mea-
sures for marina flushing, shoreline stabili-
zation, sewage facility, sewage facility
maintenance, solid waste, liquid materials,
petroleum control, boat cleaning, and
public education.
Costs/benefits
When Conanicut Marine Services
bought its boatyard site in 1985, it saved an
estimated $1,850,000 by buying 10 acres of
land inland and another $20,000 by not
needing coastal permits. In 1995 it paid
$55,896 less property tax than it would
have paid if the 10 acres had been located
on coastal land. Although no shoreland
property was available at the time
Conanicut was purchasing the boatyard
land, the price differential demonstrated the
savings that are possible by shifting repair
and storage away from the coast. Moving
inland cost an additional $63,000—$25,000
to buy over-road hydraulic trailers (instead
of yard-only boat-moving equipment) and
$38,000 for a truck that would not have
been needed for a waterfront boatyard.
Hauling boats to the inland site cost an
extra $6,768 in labor in 1995, but generated
a new business of hauling boats to and from
backyards, worth $75,000 annually.
Environmental improvements
The major clean marina benefits of
Conanicut Marine Services locating its
boatyard and repair services inland include
the following:
1. Inland land costs much less than
coastal land. "We decided we needed
space to repair boats, and all the
usable waterfront was gone," said
Munger. "The only space I could find
and afford was inland." In 1985 the
Mungers purchased the inland yard
42
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7. Conanicut Marine Services, Inc.
Boats are hauled by truck
and hydraulic boat trailer
for repair and storage at
Conanicut Marine
Services' inland
boatyard.
at Taylor Point at a cost of $15,000
per acre. Back then the typical
selling price for undeveloped water-
front land in Jamestown was
$200,000 per acre, or 13 times more
expensive. In 1995, the marina
bought an additional acre for $20,000
to allow for yard expansion.
We had to purchase a truck and
hydraulic trailers legal for highway
use. Those cost about $63,000 more
than what the business would have
spent for yard-only equipment. It
does take extra time to move 180
boats between the marina ramp,
shop, and yard. I estimate an addi-
tional 144 hours of labor this year
costing $6,768 extra, for an average
$38 extra per boat."
Hunger added, "Actually, having
to buy over-road equipment was a
blessing in disguise because we are
now a licensed and insured boat
hauler, which brought in another
$75,000 just in 1995."
"There is no way we could have
afforded to buy 10 waterfront acres
(even if available) for the boatyard
either in 1985 or 1995. But we really
needed to add service work to
maintain a core of key personnel. By
1995 the boatyard generated
$875,000 in service work."
2. Because of the lower per-acre value
inland, the boatyard saves on annual
town property taxes. In 1994, the
marina's small shore land was valued
by the town at $430,400 per acre,
whereas the yard's 10 inland acres
were valued at $34,000 per acre. If
just the storage yard were on the
waterfront—as is the case for nearly
all other boatyards—Conanicut
Marina would have paid $62,709
versus $6,813 in property tax; instead
the marina saved $55,896 in 1995.
Again, any tax saving on inland
property is speculative and is esti-
mated here only to demonstrate the
economic benefits of the environ-
43
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7. Conanicut Marine Services, Inc.
mentally sound practice of inland
boat storage and repairs.
3. No coastal permits are needed for
changes for either the inland Valley
Street Shop or Taylor Point Yard.
"When we put up a storage shed, we
only get a town building permit. But
when our waterfront also needed
work, it took 6 years to get the
coastal permits. Our shortest time for
a coastal permit was 1 year. How-
ever, Rhode Island's new marina
perimeter permit program shortens
maintenance work permits to about 1
month."
The storage yard did not need
either U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
or Rhode Island coastal permits to be
built. But based on cost and time
needed for his marina permits, Bill
Munger estimated that "we spent
about $30,000 getting building
permits for Taylor Point, but conser-
vatively avoided another $20,000 by
moving inland in 1985."
4. The boatyard and repair shop easily
survive bad weather, uphill away
from hurricane flood waters and
other storm waves. Historically,
almost all major hurricanes have
flooded both buildings at the marina
at great loss to the business, whereas
the inland sites are about 50 feet
above the flood-danger zone.
"When we haul a boat, it is hauled
on our safe ground, and we don't
need to worry about it," Munger said.
"We also have much lower building
maintenance costs inland because
they get no damage during floods."
For example, on August 19, 1991,
Hurricane Bob caused coastal
flooding in Narragansett Bay 9 feet
above mean high water. "Conanicut
Marina suffered $60,000 damage to
its docks and store, yet only $6,800
at the yard to repair shed doors
which blew off, and no loss at the
repair shop."
5. All boat and engine repairs are done
inside buildings and are not subject
to rain runoff problems. This makes
controlling pollutants more effective
and easier. Conanicut Marina has
been using dustless sanders for over
5 years. "We came onto this early
when the technology became avail-
able," Munger said.
Other improvements and
benefits
Other environmental protection mea-
sures at the boatyard include permeable
parking lots, a designated hull maintenance
area, and spill-proof oil changing. The
marina has oil spill gear at the fuel dock
and encourages the use of oil pads in boat
bilges. An outboard test tank at the shop has
a water settling system to separate out the
oil with absorption pads. Recycling of oil,
cardboard, shrink-wrap plastic, bottles,
cans, and batteries is done at all three sites.
"All our serious boatyard work—
fiberglass, painting, mechanical over-
hauls—is done at our repair shop inland,"
Munger said. "At our storage yard, the boat
sheds are spread out so we can easily move
any boat in/out for work in our repair shop.
That's a luxury few boatyards on the water
can afford to have. Waterfront land is just
too precious." The shop is 0.5 mile up the
road west of the docks, and the storage yard
is 0.75 mile north of the marina. The yard
and shop are 1.5 miles apart, north to south.
Trucking boat trailers averages 6 to 10
minutes from point to point.
"We do most of our boatyard work
during the fall and winter when we have the
island to ourselves, but try to avoid the
peak tourist season in July and August,"
added Munger. "We are a boatyard which
caters to both those folks who want to take
their boat home (do-it-yourselfers) and
those who want to hang their hat on a
boatyard to do all the service work."
Because of over-road limitations—14
feet high by 13 feet wide—"We are not able
44
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7. Conanicut Marine Services, Inc.
to haul vessels greater than 50 feet LOA.
We are really chasing the service market
less than 44 feet for our winter (dry busi-
ness) program. But in our summer (wet)
program we are good up to 200 feet. When
larger boats need haulout and dry-land
work, we haul them to boatyards across the
bay in Newport [Rhode Island] that special-
ize in 50-foot-plus vessels."
"Because we have a fuel dock and do
bottom cleaning in the marina, we needed
to apply for a Storm Water Permit under the
state's general permit for boatyards. If we
didn't do hull cleaning here, we probably
wouldn't need any permit." (The permit is
in the application stage.)
A fixed pumpout station is on the town
pier located at the middle of Conanicut
Marina. The station was paid for with a
Clean Vessel Act 75% grant matched with
25% town harbor money and is tied into the
municipal sewer line. Pumpouts, since
start-up in 1994, are free and do-it-yourself.
Conanicut Marina provides maintenance for
the pumpout and wants to add a pumpout
boat to service boats on moorings and in
docks. "Last summer over 100 pumpouts,
averaging 25 gallons, helped Rhode Island
and Jamestown carry out the clean water
program," said Munger. "There were
several boats in the 65-foot range which
pumped out with 150- to 200-gallon tanks."
However, since the pier is public-access,
there are some user conflicts. On days when
many people are fishing at the floating
section, boaters find it hard to tie up to do a
pumpout.
The marina is a multimodal transporta-
tion site serving the public with access by
foot, boat, bicycle, car, bus, and ferry. With
auto parking very limited, Conanicut
Marina provides long-term parking at its
boatyard during the peak tourist season,
thus reducing any runoff potential from
those cars.
Expansion plans for 1996 include
building new and larger restrooms at
Conanicut Marina and leasing the nearby
historic Clark Boat Yard. "To be named
Conanicut Marine Round House Yard, its
200-ton marine railway will greatly expand
the hauling and repair capacity of the
business. This only makes sense because
we have the over-road trailers," Munger
added. "And we won't need to haul the
deeper draft boats at
Newport any more. We'll ........
keep all our service under
our control this way."
Bill Munger was
elected vice chairman of
the Jamestown Harbor
Management Commission.
As such, he demonstrates proactive in-
volvement in coastal planning for clean
water and good boating. Half of
Jamestown's moorings are operated by
marinas and the yacht club, with the rest
privately owned by individual residents.
"Quality people look for quality boating
facilities. We are certainly doing signifi-
cantly less polluting of the bay," Munger
stated, "and our customers respect that. We
educate boaters with signs and by adding
environmental protection language to all
contract agreements."
Conanicut Marine Services clearly
demonstrates that boatyard repairs can be
done easily and profitably away from the
waterfront, thanks to hydraulic trailers and
less expensive land. By moving that work
inland, the coastal environment is cleaner
for both the ecosystem and the boating
public.
"We are certainly doing
significantly less polluting
of the bay and our
customers respect that."
45
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8. Deep River Marina, Inc.
Publicity of Clean, Attractive Marina Pays
Location: 50 River Lane, P.O. Box 363, Deep River, Connecticut 06417
Telephone: (860) 526-5560
Interviewed: Douglas and Karen VanDyke, President and Sec/Treasurer
Owned by: Douglas and Karen VanDyke
Waterbody: Connecticut River
Environmental change
A combination of free pumpout service,
clean restrooms and showers, attractively
maintained grounds, dustless sanders, and
environmental recognition increased the
gross income of a Connecticut River
marina.
The river marina
Once a rather small boatyard in need of
improvement, Deep River Marina has
become a full-service marina and a very
attractive home port to boating families
from New York, Connecticut, Massachu-
setts, and Canada. The marina has 200 slips
and mooring capacity for 35 boats. Boat
sizes range from 16 to 45 feet with the
average boat at 28 feet LOA; 90% are
powerboats. All but 23 slips were leased for
the summer, with the remaining used for
transient visitors. The VanDyke's four full-
time and two part-time summer staff
manage the docks, moorings, pumpout, fuel
dock, and ship's store. "We do all haulout
and launchings with our travel lift, hydrau-
lic trailer, and crane. But outside contrac-
tors do all boat repair work here (to en-
gines, hulls, rigging, fiberglass, canvas, and
painting)," Doug said, "including the lawn
and garden maintenance, and restroom
cleaning. They are environmentally like-
minded, and do all work the same way we
do it." Four staff remain year-round to store
150 boats on land.
Located on the Connecticut River, the
marina is on a calm stretch of tidal fresh
water off the main channel and is well
protected from passing wakes and foul
weather. Deep River is well sited, above
popular Essex and below Hartford. Its only
neighbor is the Essex Valley Railroad,
which makes several tourist runs a day
along the marina's property line. Within 2
miles are 5 other marinas and boatyards,
with a combined boat population just under
1,000. The boating season runs from mid-
April to mid-November. The original
boatyard was built in 1955.
Management measures
Deep River Marina achieves the
marina management measures for storm
water runoff control, sewage facility,
sewage facility maintenance, and solid
waste, as well as water quality assessment,
shoreline stabilization, fueling station
design, liquid materials, petroleum control,
boat cleaning, and public education.
46
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8. Deep River Marina, Inc.
Costs/benefits
Deep River Marina won NMMA's first
Boating Facilities Environmental Responsi-
bility Award for its clean marina in 1993. It
is just one of several national and regional
awards earned by Doug and Karen
VanDyke for their environmental con-
sciousness. "We are constantly amazed just
how many people are aware of articles
about us in the paper," Karen said. "We
keep things clean and offer free pumpout
service. Paying attention to our customers
and taking care of the environment—that's
where we make our living." And good
publicity pays.
It cost $15,000 to buy and install a
pumpout on the fuel dock in 1989, plus
$6,000 more for four dustless sanders in
1994, bought for environmental reasons.
Over the past year, the clean marina costs
were $4,500 on labor at the pumpout dock,
cleaning restrooms and gardening; $8,000
on flowers and lawns; and $500 for pumped
out septic removal; plus $2,720 amortiza-
tion of capital purchases, for a total annual
environmental operational cost of $13,000.
New and added income—attributed to "our
clean marina and efforts"—in summer
slips, winter storage, and added fuel sales,
plus publicity value, was placed at $86,800.
Doug added, "Everything we do works
together. It's just as easy to do it the right
way, and it doesn't cost that much more."
In fact, after he calculated the costs and
income derived, Doug noted, "I am sur-
prised and pleased that our net income
associated with environmental improve-
ments was an additional $71,000 this past
year."
Environmental improvements
Deep River Marina sent a postcard to
customers commemorating the 20th anni-
versary of Earth Day, April 1990: "As a
marina and boatyard we feel it our moral
obligation to help inform the boating public
of ways we all might conserve our natural
resources, fight pollution and preserve the
very waters we and our families enjoy. We
must work for nothing less than clean air
and clean water—trash free, non-toxic
rivers included. . . . Let us not forget the
original spirit of Earth Day." That postcard
ended, "Let's be careful out there!"—the
ending on every Deep River Marina letter
and the marina's exit sign. Environmental
education of the public is a continuous
process that has attracted boaters who
appreciate and seek the VanDykes' kind of
clean marina.
"When we bought the marina in 1971,
no one even heard of the environmental
Doug VanDyke stands
beside an oil/water
separator drain in his
immaculately clean
crushed stone work yard
and parking lot.
47
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8. Deep River Marina, Inc.
"I am surprised and
pleased that our net
income associated with
environmental improvements
was an additional $71,000
this past year."
movement," Doug said. "From day one, we
kept the marina picked up—a good clean
yard." They have many good stories to
tell...
• Mandatory use of dustless sanders
has been required on all bottom work
in the yard since 1994. The store
rents each Fein sander for
$ 15 per hour and sells the
sand paper. "As an incen-
tive, we give each boat
owner the first 2 hours per
year free. This has worked
very well, and almost
•----•-.: everybody understands
and complies. The first
year we had several complaints. One
guy went out and rented another
dustless sander elsewhere, but
discovered he spent more than he
should have; this year he used our
equipment. Our dustless sanders kept
over 200 pounds [of paint dust] out
of the environment this year."
The VanDykes were the first in the
area to install a pumpout (1989). "At
first we charged $10 for the service,
but no one was using it. So we
decided it was time to make a
commitment to cleaning up the
environment by offering free
pumpout service to all noncommer-
cial vessels using the Connecticut
River. Now boats come here from
many other marinas to get the free
pumpout, and most buy fuel at our
dock while here. We ask that each
boat buy a pumpout thru-hull
adapter, from us, which allows quick
connect to our evacuation hose. Even
those not buying fuel when they get
pumped out must feel guilty because
most return later for fuel, or do
become seasonal customers," said
Doug. "This summer we kept 6,000
gallons of sewage out of the river."
Deep River has applied for a federal
CVA pumpout grant to help maintain
and operate its system. A unique,
home-made, land-side outside dump
station is also available free to those
with portable toilets.
Storm water runoff from the parking
lot is controlled with 50-foot grass
buffers. With picnic tables, shrubs,
trees and flowers, the marina looks
more like a park than a boatyard. All
parking areas and driveways are
covered with crushed stone. A
tongue-in-cheek sign slows cars by
saying that they are in a "No Wake
Zone."
A special drain traps silt and skims
oil from the work yard and parking
area before it can reach the water,
"but we rarely ever find any oil in the
tank because there is so little spilled
on the ground. The Connecticut DEP
really likes it a lot. They even
brought participants in a pollution-
control conference on a tour of Deep
River Marina to illustrate marina best
management practices."
The VanDykes listed adjacent
wetlands as environmentally sensi-
tive for long-term protection with
The Nature Conservancy.
Water-saving toilets and shower
heads are used in the marina's
immaculate restrooms. Hoses on
docks are required to use shutoff
nozzles to reduce wasting water
while owners keep their boats clean.
A portable oil-changing unit that
uses a vacuum tank to suck oil out of
engines through the dip-stick tube
makes oil changing easy and
spillproof. It is available for rent at
the marina store.
"We banned use of toxic antifreeze
(green color) for winterizing en-
gines", said Doug. "I had to get
tough with only two customers the
first year and made them immedi-
ately remove and replace their
antifreeze."
48
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8. Deep River Marina, Inc.
• Color-coded trash containers reduce
the volume of waste going to the
landfill by collecting bottles, cans,
cardboard, and plastic for recycling.
Waste oil is also collected in an
aboveground 400-gallon tank,
contained inside the lower half of a
cement septic tank, for recycling at
no cost to the marina. "The market
for used oil comes and goes," Doug
stated. "Years ago, they paid us to
take it; then we paid them. Right now
they take it away at no charge."
• At the fuel dock, more than 100 feet
of oil containment boom is stored in
a locker for emergency use during
spills. Boaters are encouraged to use
bilge oil absorption pads, which are
also sold in the marina store.
Other benefits
The U.S. Department of the Interior
presented its highest national award, "Take
Pride in America," to Deep River Marina in
1991 for its participation in, and hosting of,
a 3-year Atlantic salmon stocking project
on the Connecticut River, conducted by the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the
Connecticut Department of Environmental
Protection. More than 20,000 tagged
salmon were released from the marina's
waters in an effort to restore salmon runs.
Scientists performing water quality assess-
ment obviously found the marina's water
quality high enough to raise the juvenile
salmon.
"Look back, and we feel we've accom-
plished a lot," Karen was quoted in the
Hartford Courant (May 6, 1994). "Looking
ahead, and there's always something more
to do."
Equipment source
• Dustless sander: Fein-Vac I, 10-
gallon; Fein Power Tools, Inc., 3019
West Carson Street, Pittsburgh, PA
15204.
Pumpout station: Waubaushene ARV
125-gallon; Waubaushene Machine
and Welding, P.O. Box 99, 111
Coldwater Road, Waubaushene,
Ontario, Canada.
Engine oil remover: Slurpee Portable
Vacuum System; Houghton Marine
Resources, 712 Forest Street,
Marshfield, MA 02050.
Deep River Marina
added grass buffers
between the river shore
and the automobile
parking lots to reduce
runoff pollution and
create a park-like
atmosphere.
49
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9. Edwards Boatyard
Environmental Improvements, Including
Customer Contract, Yield Clear Benefits
Location: 1209 East Falmouth Highway, Route 28, East Falmouth,
Massachusetts 02536
Telephone: (508)548-2216 Fax: (508)457-9140
Interviewed: Charles Swain, President
Owned by: Charles Swain
Waterbody: Child's River, adjacent to Waquoit Bay and Nantucket Sound
Environmental change
This traditional boatyard made environ-
mental improvements and has all slip
customers sign environmental contracts.
The traditional boatyard
Entering Edwards Boatyard on Cape
Cod is like a step back in time into a
traditional New England yard with its array
of white buildings showing each stage of
business expansion. This full-service
boatyard and marina is one of the few that
still move boats on marina railways.
Edwards uses four separate railways, with
the help of a forklift, hydraulic trailer, and
launch ramp. The small marina, with 48
slips and 8 moorings, has been at 100%
capacity every year with a waiting list
(except one summer during the recent
recession when 4 slips were empty).
Seventy percent of the boats are
powerboats, and 30% sailboats, ranging in
size from 18 to 40 feet LOA, with the
average 24 feet LOA. On a typical busy
summer weekend, about 50% of the boats
are used daily and 25% are occupied
overnight. There are no liveaboards at
Edwards. Transient slips, a fuel dock and
pumpout station, and a portable toilet dump
station are available.
A major part of Edwards' income is
from the repair business and winter storage
of 180 boats. Yard services—including
fiberglass hull repair, restoration of wood
boats, and Awlgrip painting—are specialties
at Edwards. Outboard, inboard, I/O and
diesel engine repairs, sail and rigging work,
and bottom cleaning are also available.
On-site facilities allow for servicing of
small and large sailboats or powerboats up
to 45 feet LOA with a 4.5-foot draft.
Edwards has four marina railways, which
run directly into separate buildings. The
largest is 50 tons. A hydraulic trailer is used
to move boats around outdoors and to/from
the storage yard 0.8 mile inland. The retail
store sells a full range of marine supplies
and engine parts, and has canoes for rent.
Electronics are sold and serviced. Nauset
Marine, a tenant, sells new and used boats.
Within a 2-mile radius are over 2,400
boats, 2 yacht clubs, and 1 boatyard. The
Town of Falmouth's public launch ramp
and parking lot abuts Edwards. "I've
noticed a trend toward smaller boats on
50
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9. Edwards Boatyard
trailers around us," Swain observed, "and I
keep the gate to the parking lot open so
many of them can visit our store."
Edwards Boatyard was started in 1951
by Swain's grandmother and her Norwe-
gian husband, Einar Edwards. They built
27- and 32-foot wood Jersey sea skiffs, but
that business died out about 25 years ago as
fiberglass boats began to dominate the
market. Swain's father and uncle ran the
business until Charlie took over in 1979.
Since then Edwards has focused on engine
service and repair and restoration of
fiberglass and wooden boats. "Our marina
land has been in continuous maritime and
seafaring use since the 1850s, when White's
Landing was established to ship goods to/
from Nantucket and other ports." History is
very much alive when Charlie Swain
speaks. "My family has always been
seamen and whalers from New England
ports."
Management measures
Edwards Boatyard achieves the marina
management measures for sewage facility,
sewage facility maintenance, solid waste,
liquid materials, and public education, as
well as habitat assessment, shoreline
stabilization, storm water runoff control,
fueling station design, petroleum control,
and boat cleaning.
Costs/benefits
Edwards Boatyard spent about $114,000
to make environmental improvements. To
maintain the environmental improvements,
the boatyard incurred operation/mainte-
nance costs of $18,100 in 1995. Estimated
new income because of these changes in
1995 was $100,000, plus $10,000 worth of
free publicity. The yard also installed a
replacement pumpout, at a cost of $4,500,
of which $2,100 was covered by an EPA
Regional grant. Net benefits related to
environmental improvements during 1995
were approximately $82,000.
Environmental improvements
Keeping everything "neat and clean—
but not fancy," is the way owner/manager
Charlie Swain repeatedly describes his
approach for the boatyard. To do that he
runs an environmentally compatible
boatyard. Starting about 16 years ago, he
began making environmental improve-
ments. Unlike most boatyards, the domi-
nant center of Edwards is a nicely land-
scaped circular lawn with two ornamental
pools, flowers, shrubs, trees, flag pole, and
picnic tables for his family, friends, staff,
and customers. "Making it nice for people
to be here is important to me," he said. "I
spent about $5,000 on landscaping."
His next step was to install a pumpout in
1980—then rare in coastal New England
and one of the first in Massachusetts. "Back
then we might do one pumpout a week. I
made 'no discharge' the marina policy 5
years before Massachusetts and EPA
designated Waquoit Bay as one of five no-
discharge areas in the state in 1964. Last
year I spent another $4,500 upgrading with
a new Edson pumpout station and added a
2,000-gallon tight tank. Now we average 24
pumpouts per weekend." A commercial
septic hauler took 2,400 gallons to the town
sewer plant in 1995 at a cost of $ 150.
"In 1995,1 also replaced the in-ground
fuel tanks with two double-walled tanks
(6,000-gallon gasoline, 1,500-gallon
diesel), cathode protection, electronic
monitoring for leaks, and overfill protection
for a cost of $75,000. Worried about
potential contamination getting into the dirt
floors of our repair sheds, I paved the floors
and railway ramps with concrete (cost
$15,000) and added drains ($3,000). In the
boat repair and storage buildings, concrete
floors have replaced dirt floors of the past,
so debris is retained and can be swept up
properly. Sediment traps, at a cost of
$6,000, went into the lower, sloping floors
of all four marina railways to capture and
hold spills of oil, resin, and other hazardous
material for proper disposal. Adding in the
51
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9. Edwards Boatyard
Charlie Swain, President
of Edwards Boatyard.
$15,000 cost of getting the coastal permits,
including a 21E test report for pollution and
engineering, I estimate my total improve-
ments cost $ 114,000."
In 1995 Edwards spent $7,000 to clean
the traps and maintain the landscaping,
$500 for oil pads for the oil/water separa-
tors, $600 to remove waste oil, and an
estimated $ 10,000 of the owner's time
attending marina environment-related
meetings and supervising the work environ-
ment.
Swain realized that to keep the marina
and its waters neat and clean also meant
getting the boating customers to help. To do
this, in 1992, owner Swain chose to create
and make mandatory an environmental
agreement as part of his slip contract. It is
updated annually and costs only his time. It
reads (in part):
Edwards Boatyard Rules & Regula-
tions: "We have had to establish the
attached rules in order for all of us to
make Edwards Boatyard, the Childs
River and its ecosystem a cleaner,
safer and more harmonious place to
be. Your (mandatory) cooperation is
appreciated. . . ."
Thirteen of the 23 rules and regulations
are clean water-related, including prohibi-
tions on wake, liveaboards, sewage and
contaminated waste discharge, fuel spill,
fish cleaning in the marina, and excess
noise. It spells out what to do with soaps
and boat cleaners, dogs, and hazardous
waste. The contract discusses the federal
"no discharge" designation of the river and
marina and the types of boat toilets al-
lowed, and it warns that violators found
polluting the water are subject to U.S.
Coast Guard fines and termination of their
slip use rights. The contract also lists eight
services that Edwards has available "for the
betterment of our environment," including
restrooms, pumpout, rubbish disposal,
hazardous waste management, bilge
cleaning, maintenance of fuel vents and
MSDs, plus "environmental and safety
inspection of your boat." Boaters are
encouraged to use oil-absorbing pads in
bilges to help keep marina waters clean.
"At first a number of people made
comments on it with some saying [regard-
ing the no discharge designation] that they
didn't need holding tanks. We lost a couple
of customers, but our waiting list was called
and we remained full. Two attorneys
scratched out several words here and there
before signing. Now that our bay is an
official no discharge area, everyone is more
aware of the environment. Everyone just
accepts what we are asking and signs the
contract. Boaters like clean water—and
clean water is good business. My customers
congratulate me for being environmentally
friendly."
In 1995, Edwards Boatyard received a
$2,100 pumpout grant as part of a U.S. EPA
Region 1 demonstration project with the
Town of Mashpee. "Our clean operation
attracted an estimated $100,000 extra
business from people attracted to our
environmental approach. And all the
publicity we've received was worth over
$10,000 in paid advertising," Swain said
with a smile. "In 1996 we need to complete
our on-site storm water drains, as indicated
in our storm water permit pollution preven-
tion plan."
52
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9. Edwards Boatyard
Other improvements and
benefits
Like The Little Engine That Could,
Edwards Boatyard has worked hard to
maintain its traditional ways. But its
environmental story, like so many other
clean marina successes, is really about its
third-generation owner, Charlie Swain.
"As a kid growing up in Falmouth, I
could fish and shellfish anywhere on
Waquoit Bay. I'm a native Cape Codder
who moved away to Cleveland, Ohio, for
college and work. There I saw how Lake
Erie, once a terrible mess, had been cleaned
up and turned around. When I moved back
to Cape Cod in 1979 to manage the
boatyard, I saw how our shellfish beds and
fishing waters were closed because of
pollution. This bothered me. I asked, 'What
can I do?' First, I promoted clean water and
education in the yard. There's nothing
wrong with a marina having clean water."
"Next, as a business owner, I chose to
become part of the coastal zone manage-
ment (CZM) process—not to fight it. I got
involved in the Massachusetts CZM
Program, which designated Waquoit Bay as
an Area of Critical Environmental Concern
(ACEC). Governor Dukakis appointed me
to the State CZM Citizen Advisory Board. I
worked with environmental groups and the
state to get meaningful regulations that we
can live with. Look at the positive point—I
am a businessman promoting the environ-
mental movement." And Edwards Boatyard
got lots of positive publicity, which at-
tracted customers with a concern about the
water quality.
To help control runoff, the marina's
upland parking lot, which doubles as boat
storage in winter, is not paved but covered
with crushed shells. Most boat repair is
done indoors. Nontoxic antifreeze is used
for winterizing boat engines. "We only sell
biodegradable products, such as cleaners, in
our store," added Swain. Recycling is
encouraged for oil, metal, and batteries.
"We made a two-wheel cart with a 50-
gallon tank a few years ago to take to each
boat to collect their waste oil. This makes
the process convenient for the customers,
easy for us, and virtually spill-proof,"
added Swain. All hazardous waste is
collected and recycled through a Safety
Kleen contract. "We have a floating oil
boom which, in case of a spill, we can pull
across the 200-foot-wide river to protect
what the Corps of Engi-
neers designated the end
of the navigable water-
way."
Charles Swain did so
well at environmental
activism in his yard and
Massachusetts that in
1994 he was selected as
the one businessman
nationwide to win the prestigious Walter B.
Jones Award for excellence in business
leadership from the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
During the presentation ceremony in
Washington, DC, Swain was thanked "for
making significant contributions to improve
or protect the coastal or ocean environment
and for demonstrating the ability to balance
business with the environment."
"I've always been progressive," Charlie
Swain remarked in his thick Yankee accent.
"They just wanted to thank me for doing all
this and being an example to other mari-
nas." Indeed, he is an outstanding example
of what one traditional boatyard business
owner can do in both his marina and state.
Equipment sources
• Pumpout: Edson International, 460
Industrial Park Road, New Bedford,
MA 02745-1292.
• Hazardous waste removal: Safety
Kleen, 1000 North Randall Road,
Elgin, IL 60123-7857.
"Our clean operation attracted
an estimated $100,000 extra
business from people attracted
to our environmental approach.
And all the publicity we've
received was worth over
$10,000 in paid advertising,"
53
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10. Elliott Bay Marina Inc.
Clean Environment Awards Win Customers
Location: 2601 West Marina Place, Seattle, Washington 98199
Telephone: (206)285-4817 Fax: (206)282-0626
Interviewed: Martin Harder, General Manager
Owned by: Three Seattle boaters and businessmen
Waterbody: Elliott Bay, Puget Sound, Pacific Ocean
Environmental change
Elliott Bay Marina was built to exceed
environmental standards for habitat cre-
ation, pollution control, and water circula-
tion, and it operates with effective clean
marina practices for hazardous waste, spill
prevention, dog waste, recycling, habitat
testing, and educational programs.
The newest megamarina
Since it opened in 1991, after 12 hard
years in the planning and permit process,
Elliott Bay Marina has been recognized as a
world-class facility that exceeds required
environmental regulations. At a cost of
almost $50 million, the private owners put
many good things into this commercial
marina. Ten full-time, year-round employ-
ees and 12 seasonal part-timers are kept
busy managing 1,200 slips. The slips range
in size from 32 to 63 feet with 52% of the
boats between 36 and 50 feet LOA. The
boat types are evenly split between sail-
boats and powerboats, which reflects the
great sailing conditions on Puget Sound.
Forty boats are liveaboards. Another 60
docks must remain available for transient
boaters per agreement with the city.
Boat rentals are available, as are new
and used boat sales. The Seattle Yacht Club
has an outstation and clubhouse in this
marina. Repair services available at Elliott
Bay are for light maintenance only. Other
services include a fuel dock, pumpout,
laundry, and grocery store. Three restau-
rants in the marina illustrate the value
added by being located with a water view in
a busy marina. A time-sharing program is
also available, similar to condo time-
sharing.
While the marina operates year-round,
the prime boating season is from April
through October each year. Within a 2-mile
radius there is one other marina, and
between them the two marinas serve almost
4,000 boats.
"Providing first-class service to the
boaters is as important as protecting the
environment," Martin Harder said. "We try
to meet every boat that conies in and help
them with their lines. I was in the hotel
business 30 years, so I try to run the marina
like a hotel. Our mission is to beat the
boater's expectations. To help do that I've
hired a concierge to help our boaters any
way possible." As a result, Elliott Bay
Marina has a strong customer-service
54
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10. Elliott Bay Marina, Inc.
practice that reflects a profound change in
the way marinas across America are going
to be managed.
Management measures
Elliott Bay Marina achieves the marina
management measures for habitat assess-
ment, solid waste, and liquid materials, as
well as marina flushing, water quality
assessment, shoreline stabilization, storm
water runoff control, fueling station design,
sewage facility, sewage facility mainte-
nance, fish waste, petroleum control, boat
cleaning, and public education.
Costs/benefits
Elliott Bay Marina is a 4-year-old
marina built to exceed environmental
standards at considerable cost, but the
combination of its newness and very clean
operations filled 88% of the slips by 1995.
While environmental protection and
enhancements are very much visible, not all
construction costs have yet resulted in
measurable economic benefits. But there
are some bright spots.
Slip (moorage) rates at Elliott Bay
Marina average 10% more than those of
other marinas in its market area, which
translates into $380,160 more in 1995 at
88% occupied. The hazardous waste
program costs $5,000, but because staff
pickup prevents mixing of used oil, fuel,
and solvents, an estimated $2,000 to 5,000
extra cost is avoided. Handing out dog
waste disposal bags, at 190 each, is less
expensive than sending staff out with
shovels every day, for a labor saving of
about $4,000.
Environmental improvements
There are three aspects to Elliott Bay
Marina's environmental improvements: the
temporary steps taken during construction
to reduce or ease the negative impacts on
marine life; physical features built into the
marina to enhance, protect, and encourage
marine life; and operational practices that
control pollutants or prevent them from
entering the water. Since the temporary
improvements were completed by 1991
when the marina opened, we'll focus on
four programs conducted in 1995.
With / ,200 slips, Elliott
Bay Marina is one of the
largest privately owned
and operated marinas in
the United States, (photo
by Elliott Bay Marina)
55
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10. Elliott Bay Marina, Inc.
1. Habitat and water assessment
A 5-year habitat testing program was
required in the marina's building permit and
concluded in 1995. An interim marina life
monitoring report, written by the environ-
mental consulting firm Jones and Stokes,
found the following benefits:
• Wide openings between the rock
groin-type breakwaters, docks, and
beach give easy access to migrating
juvenile salmon leaving Puget
Sound, while providing good water
circulation and tidal changes inside
the marina basin.
• A man-made 1,500-foot-long sandy
beach along the marina's shoreline
replaces habitat lost when intertidal
areas were filled for the parking lot.
The beach acts like "a long salad bar
for young salmon," which generally
feed in shallow water.
• The floating marina moorage (docks)
was built of concrete floats and
anchoring piles. Concrete was
chosen because it is an excellent,
long-lasting surface that quickly
attracts and supports extensive
growth of fouling life, including
seaweeds, barnacles, and mussels.
• The rock breakwater has become an
extensive artificial reef (as has the
dock structure), and its 2,700-foot
length yields a surface area 80 times
larger than the original ground it
covered. The breakwater is a vast
growing area for underwater plants,
including both bull and smaller kelp.
• East of the marina, a 7.5-acre rock
beach was created, as well as a 0.5-
acre beach on the west side, in
previously unvegetated sites. Both
serve as "migration" beaches covered
with marine growth/food for marine
fish and young salmon. Enormous
numbers of small animals typically
eaten by salmon were found on these
new beaches in response to the
growth of marine plants there and in
the marina basin. During the peak
salmon migration period, the feed
animals were counted at over 8,000
per square foot.
• Small chum salmon, which tend to
hug the shoreline, were observed
swimming inside the breakwater.
Schools of young salmon and herring
move throughout the marina basin.
"Habitat testing is a requirement of our
building permit for 5 years. The cost is over
$50,000 per year," Harder said. "No cost
benefit! The results are excellent, although
Fisheries, Army Corps of Engineers,
Department of Ecology, etc. are not sure
what to do with the information." The
marina industry can put the information to
good use around the nation to demonstrate
the artificial reef benefits of marina struc-
tures. "We've seen an explosive growth of
marine creatures along the entire food
chain, from plant life up through marine
mammals."
2. Hazardous waste program
"We have marina staff pick up almost
any hazardous waste from the owner aboard
his/her boat, dispose of it, and return the
containers," Harder said. "We pay about
$5,000 per year for this effort, although
recently we have found a source to pick up
used oil free of charge. I believe that
handling this with our staff—not depending
on the boaters—saves the potential high
cost for disposing of 'mixed' hazardous
materials, probably $2,000 to $5,000 per
year."
Elliott Bay Marina defines hazardous
waste suitable for marina collection as
including antifreeze, paint, thinner, oil,
filters, bilge water, batteries, gasoline, and
oily rags. "Of the total, about 80% is used
engine oil," said Harder. Each boat has an
utility charge of $7.50 added to the slip
rent, which pays for non-electricity charges
and the hazardous waste program.
56
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10. Elliott Bay Marina, Inc.
3. Dog waste collection
With floating piers so far from the lawns
around the parking lot, it is not surprising
that many dogs do not make it to shore
before creating a mess. "We had to send
dock hands out every day with shovels to
clean up after the dogs. The staff didn't like
doing this job. But many boat owners
complained about this problem," said
Harder. "Just before July 1995 we solved
the problem by giving out disposable
plastic 'Dispoz-A-Scoop' bags for dog
owners to clean up after their pets. They
simply scrape the stuff off the dock, seal the
bag, and toss it into a trash container. This
worked so well, we handed out 2,000+ dog
waste disposal bags through September. At
190 each, this cost less than sending staff
out with shovels. Customers are real happy
with this system, whether they own dogs or
not. Now many customers say,'You guys
keep doing it right.'"
4. Education
Environmental education is the key to
the Elliott Bay Marina success story. Signs,
brochures, and a 65-page environmental
guidebook given to customers all carry the
same message. Typical is the "Clean
Environment Statement" that opens the
marina rule book: "There is nothing better
for recreational boating and the marina
business than clean water and a clean
environment. Everyone on a boat is so close
to the water that any floating litter or
pollution can quickly spoil the fun. Each of
us must take the stand for clean water!"
Elliott Bay publishes a quarterly Tidings
newsletter. Every issue contains one or
more articles that educate customers on
cleaner boating. A recent issue alerted boat
owners to use environmentally friendly
bilge cleaners.
Signs stimulate environmental aware-
ness. At the head of each dock notices are
posted about how to call for hazardous
waste pickup, where to find petroleum-
absorbent materials, and what to do if a
spill should occur.
"All new marina tenants sign a slip
agreement that includes a promise to follow
stringent rules to protect the environment.
Then they are each given a free bilge sock
(retail price about $6) to ;
absorb oil and fuel that "Education, in the long run,
might otherwise be saves us lots of money."
pumped overboard with ; :
the bilge water. Getting a bilge sock starts
our educational process."
"Education, in the long run, saves us lots
of money," said Harder. "Ninety-five
percent of our boaters are visibly concerned
about the environment and try very hard. If
they see an oil slick, they'll tell us right
away. I've found that if you make your
customers feel good about being environ-
mentally conscious, they'll feel good about
being your customers. Our boaters are very
proud of what we do here."
Other environmental
enhancements
The 900-car parking lot was built with a
series of storm water drains and traps for
separating petroleum from the runoff. More
than 500 trees, 6,000 shrubs, and wide
lawns were planted to act as runoff buffers,
control erosion, and beautify the area.
The marina fuel dock was designed with
double-walled tanks and fuel lines, all
equipped with monitors, sensors, and
automatic shutoff should a leak occur. Oil
booms, spill containment kits, and an
aluminum pontoon boat are at the ready
should a spill occur in the marina, or to
head off one that is drifting in from nearby
commercial shipping piers.
Holding tank pumpouts are free to
resident boats. The marina saves $200 per
month by recycling glass. Free—but
expensive—testing for the level of zinc
protection (electrolysis) is given to private
yachts. "We pump out sinking boats with
our in-house pumps. We saved five vessels
in the past 2 or 3 years (had to call the fire
department twice to provide more pumps),"
Harder added. "To me, it's mainly common
sense and trying to do 'the right thing.'"
57
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10. Elliott Bay Marina, Inc.
DOG OWNERS
ARE REQUIRED TIT*
Cl£AN UP AFTERS
THEIR DOGS
USESCOOPERS PROVIDED
DEPOStTWASTEIN
GARBAGECONTA1NER
THANKYOU!
"Dog owners are
required to clean up after
their dogs" at Elliott Bay
Marina, (photo by Elliott
Bay Marina)
Marina educates customers, prevents
pollution, and controls potential environ-
mental problems.
The environmental statement (above)
ends with "Pollution control is everybody's
business. Please help us be proud of what
can be accomplished."
Martin Harder and his crew have done
so well meeting this challenge that they
have won four major awards for environ-
mental awareness. The two most recent are
the Association of Washington Businesses'
Environmental Excellence Award for 1994
and the NMMA Boating Facilities Environ-
mental Responsibility Award for 1995. The
awards and resulting publicity help attract
new customers to Elliot Bay's clean marina.
Equipment source
• Dog mess bags (used at Elliott Bay):
Dispoz-A-Scoop; Petpro Products,
2651 South Fairfax Avenue, Culver
City, CA 98232.
Sources for two other types of bags used
at other marinas:
• Pet Pick-Ups; Right Brain Unlimited,
P.O. Box 1035, Boulder, CO 80306.
• Mutt Mitt; Intelligent Products, Inc.,
10000 Lower River Road,
Burlington, KY 41005.
There are many other ways Elliott Bay
58
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11. Green Cove Marina
Clean Marina Image Has Positive Impacts
Location: 41 Division Street, Brick, New Jersey 08724
Telephone: (908) 840-9090 Fax: (908) 458-6258
Interviewed: Jay Alan Davidson, President, and
Mike Petix, Yard/Environmental Manager
Owned by: Jay Alan Davidson
Waterbody: Metedeconk River, off Barnegat Bay
Environmental change
An overall positive environmental
image was built with a combination of
bottom wash water recycling, portable
pumpout, trash recycling, and more.
The estuarine, small-boat
marina
Green Cove Marina is a private full-
service marina/boatyard used as a home
port in 1995 by 261 boating families, a 93%
occupancy. The marina summer season
capacity is 280 slips, and 5 boats are stored
on land. The boat sizes are considered small
to average; 26% are under 20 feet, 31% are
21 to 25 feet, 27% are 26 to 30 feet, and the
rest are between 31 and 45 feet. On a busy
weekend, 80% of the boats are in use
dockside or under way, with about 40%
sleeping overnight. There is one liveaboard
in the marina, and its owner keeps an eye
on security and the environment. Ten full-
time employees work year-round, supple-
mented by three part-timers in the summer.
Other profit centers include launch/haulout
service, bottom painting, electronic sales/
service, hull and engine repairs, new and
used boat sales,-trailer sales, retail store,
fuel dock, snack/beverage/ice sales, and a
swimming pool. Boats are hauled out with
the Algonac straddle hoist, then moved by a
yard trailer or forklift.
Within a 2-mile radius there are six
other marinas on the river, serving a
combined fleet of 1,000 to 2,000 boats. The
boating season runs from April through
November. Green Cove Marina was built in
1958 and bought by Al Davidson in 1973.
Management measures
Green Cove Marina achieves the marina
management measures for sewage facility,
maintenance of sewage facilities, and solid
waste, as well as marina flushing, shore-
line stabilization, storm water runoff
control, fueling station design, liquid
materials, petroleum control, boat cleaning,
and public education.
Costs/benefits
A combination of low-cost clean marina
changes at Green Cove Marina has attracted
new customers and income. Recycling costs
little, yet has eliminated the need for a
second dumpster that would have cost
$2,700 per year. The trailer-mounted
pumpout station cost $6,300, while the boat
bottom wash water filter and recycling
59
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11. Green Cove Marina
Trailer mounted pumpout
system goes to the boats,
or is available at Green
Cove Manna's fuel dock,
as shown by owner Alan
Davidson and Mike Petix,
yardl environmental
manager.
system cost $ 1,500. These improvements
helped attract about 8% more customers,
who wanted to be in an environmentally
friendly marina, for an estimated annual
slip increase of $27,000. Water clarity and
quality in the marina basin have improved
over the past year.
Environmental improvements
As seems typical of marinas that have
decided to be actively pro-environment,
Green Cove Marina has implemented a
range of low-cost improvements that have
helped both the environment and the
business.
When Ocean County started a recycling
program, Green Cove was one of only two
marinas to participate. A fiberglass "recy-
cling bell" container is provided and
emptied free by the county. A commercial
waste hauler provided a 4-yard dumpster
for the marina's cardboard with no-cost
pickup. "Without recycling," owner Al
Davidson said, "we needed a second trash
dumpster in the boating season to avoid
overfilling on weekends. It would have cost
us $450 per month." The annual saving
from recycling is currently $2,700.
In response to concern about water
quality around the marina and in response
to the call for boat sewage control,
Davidson said, "We mounted an electric 40
gallon-per-minute diaphragm pump on our
own trailer (cost $1,000), added a 225-
gallon holding tank for a total cost of
$6,300, and had our own movable pumpout
station. We keep it at the fuel dock for
convenience of use, but we can go to boats
in the slips. Marina staff does the pumping
out, and our customers like this. The
number of pumpouts increases each year."
A $2,600 pumpout grant helped defray
the pumpout cost. Because the system is
portable, no coastal permit was needed,
saving another $1,00.0. Income from the
$5.00 pumpout fee from 500 pumpouts was
$ 1,700. It costs an estimated $ 1,900 for
labor and $50 for electricity. Green Cove's
owner, staff, and customers are proud of
their clean marina efforts, which, according
to Davidson, "have helped attract about 5%
to 8% more customers who seek an envi-
ronmentally friendly marina." The new slip
income is estimated at $27,000. "If anyone
asks, I would recommend buying a ready-
made portable pumpout trailer instead of
making your own."
"This fall we are using free 1996 season
pumpouts to all boats that sign up for a 12-
month contract for winter on-land storage
and summer slip rentals. Our offer has just
started, and in the first week two new
winter storage customers signed on. While
we won't know until late fall how many
other new customers will be attracted, just
these first two paid for the promotion
program," noted Davidson. "Most boat
owners want to use the pumpout service
regularly, and our free promotion is raising
interest."
"There is a visible improvement in the
water quality. It appears cleaner, and there
are more crabs, fish, and ducks seen around
our dock," claimed Mike Petix, the marina
environmental manager. "We think the
pumpouts have really helped."
EPA has identified boat bottom washing
as a source of pollutants needing control.
"To do this, we modified the high-pressure
wash-down pad beneath our rail-mounted
60
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11. Green Cove Marina
Algonac straddle lift," explained Petix. "We
created a sump drain system and a lift pump
that pushes the dirty water into our own
designed filter and all-plastic recycling
system of a series of three filtering drums
(55 gallons each) and a 225-gallon holding
tank. It cost $1,500 to build in parts and my
labor, excluding the building and existing
cement pad. We are still tinkering with the
setup to make it simpler. But it works good,
and you should see all the muck it filters
out which used to go into the water. We
now dry it and send it to the landfill. This
clean pressure-wash system appeals to our
environmentally oriented customers."
"The most common comment people
make is 'How clean the marina is.' Custom-
ers also feel good and adopt our clean
marina attitude. There is a pride in cleanli-
ness here," added Davidson. "In the past 2
years each boating family has set up its own
'backyard' adjacent to its slip, and they put
pressure on neighbors to keep us so clean
not even a cigarette butt is found on the
ground."
About 4 years ago Ocean County used a
grant to make a video to show schoolchil-
dren how marinas dovetail with ecology.
"From all the marinas to choose from in the
county, they chose Green Cove to demon-
strate its positive impact on the environ-
ment and the economy, and made the whole
film here," Al Davidson stated proudly,
"and the publicity did not hurt the busi-
ness."
Many small improvements have been
made to make Green Cove Marina cleaner
in operation and appearance. Every boat
with an inboard engine has an oil-absorbing
pad in the bilge, and the fuel dock has oil
spill containment equipment at the ready.
The old in-ground fuel tank was removed
and replaced by an aboveground tank in a
concrete spill container. In the engine repair
shop, Davidson finds it cost-effective and
safer to use a commercially supplied,
cleaned, and maintained parts washer; the
cost is about the same as buying the solvent
alone. Used oil is also recycled at a cost of
$0.50 per gallon (but Davidson is tracking
down another company that takes marina
oil free).
Green Cove Marina has all customers
sign a Customer Best Management Prac-
tices pledge when they
lease a slip. They pledge ,™^;-r,-,v-.-.:..-
to participate in the clean
marina program and honor
environmental rules based
on the marina's own
written BMP plan for its
NPDES permit. A similar
signed BMP statement is required of
outside subcontractors before they can
work on anyone's boat.
All auto parking spaces and roads are
paved with crushed stone, which helps
reduce polluted rain runoff.
Twice a year the marina newsletter is
published, and each issue has articles about
what is being done to keep the environment
clean and ecological tips for boaters. Signs
strategically scattered about the marina
direct customers to restrooms, the recycling
area, and pumpout.
In every industry there are quiet leaders,
and Al Davidson is one of them. As an
officer of the Marine Trade Association of
New Jersey, he is a very proactive, tireless
worker who is helping the marina industry
prosper in a changing world of environmen-
tal regulations. Al has been a steady and
practical voice in developing the Clean
Marina national program, has participated
in national forums on the CZARA nonpoint
pollution management guidelines for
marinas, and advises New Jersey on its
CVA pumpout program. In his Green Cove
Marina, he puts into action many of the
practices he has been advocating politically.
Equipment source
• Pumpout: Edson Bone Dry Electric
Skid Mount Pump; Edson Interna-
tional, 460 Industrial Park Road,
New Bedford, MA 02745-1292.
"There is a visible
improvement in the
water quality ...
We think the pumpouts
have really helped."
61
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12. Hall of Fame Marina
Megayachts Attracted to Convenient Pumpout
Location: 435 Seabreeze Boulevard, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33316
Telephone: (305) 764-3975 ext. 101 Fax:(305)779-3658
Interviewed: Bob Koerber, Dockmaster, and
Gary Groenewold, Florida Area Manager
Owned by: Westrec Marinas, Inc., Encino, California
Waterbody: Intracoastal Waterway
Environmental change
Full-service pumpout capability at every
dock attracts megayachts and live-aboard
crews for extended visits to this South
Florida marina.
The megayacht marina
Hall of Fame Marina is so named
because it surrounds the north and south
shores of the International Swimming Hall
of Fame with its Olympic competition
pools and museum. It was built in 1985 and
bought by Westrec in 1989. It currently has
four full-time employees. The marina is
strictly that—a "small" waterfront facility
with "only" 43 large boat slips. The south
side has 24 slips for smaller boats between
35 and 70 feet in length, averaging 55 feet
LOA. The north face has 19 slips for large
yachts up to 135 feet, averaging 105 feet
LOA.
Slips are rented by the day and month,
and most customers are transients staying
for a short time or a season. The peak
boating season runs from October through
April each year. The marina reports 85%
occupancy for the season, which leaves
about six slips open for unanticipated
transient visitors.
Half the boats are liveaboards, with
three to eight crew and owners staying
overnight. On a busy weekend about 60%
of the boats have people staying overnight.
Other services include a laundry, ice sales,
vending machines, and limited parking.
Nearby is the Fort Lauderdale Beach, many
restaurants, hotels, and other tourist ameni-
ties.
Hall of Fame Marina is certainly a
"world-class" facility and a jewel in
Westrec's chain of operations.
Management measures
Hall of Fame Marina achieves the
marina management measures for sewage
facility and maintenance of sewage facili-
ties, as well as shoreline stabilization, solid
waste, and public education.
Costs/benefits
Only a few marinas in the world can
adequately accommodate, at the same time,
dozens of cruising yachts over 100 feet
LOA. Hall of Fame Marina is one of them.
For a capital cost of $16,200, Westrec
installed a pumpout system capable of
pumping out megayachts daily in their own
slips. With below-dock sewer pipes and
62
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12. Hall of Fame Marina
connectors at each slip, the marina staff
routinely empties one or more 1,000-gallon
holding tanks each day using a portable
pump, at an annual labor and operations
cost of $3,788.
That full-service (staff-run) pumpout
capability has put Hall of Fame in a very
competitive position to attract and keep
more megayachts for longer stays. The
marina grosses an estimated additional
$300,000 in transient slip rental income per
year—a very profitable service.
Environmental improvements
Fort Lauderdale is a destination for
thousands of boats and is particularly
popular for the professionally crewed large
ocean-going yachts that seasonally cruise
between continents. In peak season, Hall of
Fame is host to up to 19 transient
megayachts at a time, with 3 to 8 crew
members living aboard each. These expen-
sive vessels all have large holding tanks of
up to 1,000-gallon capacity, averaging 500
to 600 gallons. Several boats have more
than one holding tank (compared to the one
holding tank of 20 to 30 gallons average for
most boats kept in marinas elsewhere).
Surprisingly, only a few pumpout stations
capable of handling such volumes are
available in Fort Lauderdale.
"Many Florida state bottom leases for
marinas limit their transient boats to 72
hours per marina visit—a nearly impossible
condition to enforce. If it was enforced, it
would cripple the marina industry in this
state," said Westrec's area manager, Gary
Groenewold. "We negotiated a 25-year
bottom lease from the state in 1989, which
allows visiting boats to stay up to 6 months
per trip, subject to having boat sewage
holding tank pumpout available to each
boat."
Previously, full pumpout service had
been available for megayachts only at one
fuel dock of a marina less than a half mile
south on the waterway, which necessitated
moving the large vessel from Hall of
Fame's berths to the other rnarina's fueling/
pumpout station and back. Although
moving small boats for fuel and pumpout is
Portable pumpouts
connect to a below-deck
sewage collection system.
63
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12. Hall of Fame Marina
"The public respects you for
not discharging overboard,
and it shows our leadership in
environmental consciousness."
relatively simple and fast, it is a time-
consuming and costly exercise for a 100- to
150-foot yacht. Such a round trip for a
megayacht, on average, requires a paid
crew of a captain, engineer below, and two
to five deckhands; consumes 50 gallons of
diesel fuel ($75); and
takes no less than 2 hours,
depending on tides and
wind, including vessel
preparation for departure
and cleanup on return. The
total estimated cost for the
move is between $300 and $400, not
including the pumpout charge.
With convenience in mind, Hall of
Fame's then-dockmaster and licensed
megayacht captain Gary Groenewold felt
the best bet would be to extend a forced
main plumbed to every dock to allow each
yacht to be pumped out without the need to
be moved. The main was tied into the city
sewer line, as were the marina restrooms
and showers. A small self-priming Keco
Pump-a-Head portable electric pumpout
machine on four wheels, without storage
tank, was purchased. An extra-long suction
hose and a discharge hose quick-connects
to the above-deck hydrants. The service
began in July 1989.
Pumping out a megayacht takes two
people—the marina employee on the dock
running the pump and a boat crew member
to handle the working end of the suction
hose. The pump sucks the sewage out of the
boat's holding tank, then pushes it down
into the below-deck discharge main, where
it moves under pressure into the sewer
main. "You know, there really is no odor
when using our pumpout!" said dockmaster
Bob Koerber, who generally runs the
portable pumpout on call by the yacht
crews. "For the average yacht, it takes me
about 45 minutes to do a pumpout. The
small yachts have 300- or 500-gallon
holding tanks, while the large ones can
have one or two 1,000-gallon tanks needing
to be emptied. The actual pumping only
takes 15 to 20 minutes per tank, with about
25 to 30 minutes more to move the portable
unit to the boat, connect, run the pump, and
disconnect from the boat, flush the unit, and
return the unit to its storage place. How-
ever, just emptying one 1,000-gallon tank
can take 80 minutes, plus my time to set up
and return. In our peak winter season, I do
about 25 pumpouts per month, but in the
slower summer months that drops to about
6, for a total of 205 megayacht pumpouts
last year."
Hall of Fame Marina does not charge its
slip customers extra for the staff-run (full)
pumpout service, which is included in their
slip rental charge. "Our captains and crews
really like not having to move the boat to
be emptied," Koerber added. "That conve-
nience helps attract them to Hall of Fame
and encourages longer stays at lower
operational cost. Several times a week
another large yacht, from the Lauderdale
area, will come into a slip just for a
pumpout. I charge them $5 to $ 10 depend-
ing on the size of the boat."
"This pumpout system has not given us
any maintenance problems. I like that
setup," Groenewold added.
Megayachts and Fort Lauderdale are
almost synonymous in the world's percep-
tion of that city. Claiming that Fort Lauder-
dale is the "Yachting Capital of the World,"
the tourism leadership realizes the critical
importance of boating and marinas to Fort
Lauderdale's economy. Clean environment
is also known to be essential for good
tourism. Hall of Fame Marina dockmaster
Koerber strongly feels that "not returning
any boat sewage to the waterway means
cleaner recreational waters."
Within a 2-mile radius of Hall of Fame
are four other marinas, but only one other
pumpout station is available to service the
nearly 4,000 yachts and boats kept in or
visiting the area.
"We are listed in the Waterway Guide as
having a pumpout, and we get people who
call to confirm that fact before booking a
slip. The public," said Koerber, "respects
you for not discharging overboard, and it
64
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12. Hall of Fame Marina
shows our leadership [as a business] in
environmental consciousness. Westrec
wants all its marinas to be proactive, pro-
environment, and to show our marina in a
good light. We run a clean operation here."
When Westrec assumed control of the
Hall of Fame Marina in 1989, it renovated
and upgraded the restrooms and showers
along with adding holding tank pumpouts.
Good restrooms are rated, in most boat
owner surveys, as the feature most wanted,
after location of the marina. Inadequate or ,
unclean restrooms are the most common
complaint about poor-quality marinas
nationwide.
Even though the marina does not sell
fuel, it maintains oil spill cleanup gear at
the head of its dock. "There have been a
couple of instances, when crews were
pumping fuel from one tank to another to
balance the load, when the receiving tank
became full and overflowed into the marina
basin," the dockmaster reported. "Each
time we notified the Coast Guard, deployed
our oil boom, and had it all contained and
largely absorbed before the officers ar-
rived."
The marina follows Broward County's
best management practices and also re-
quires outside contractors and boat owners/
crews to comply. Discharge of sewage is
forbidden, and the use of oil bilge pads is
encouraged. Recycling is available for oil,
batteries, plastic, glass, and cans.
The Marina's published Services
Directory, given to all boaters, contains two
sections that spell out what is required:
"Subcontractor's policies and procedures"
and "Environmental Policies." The message
is clear: "We operate a clean, efficient
facility. We ask that you leave it the same
way."
Equipment source
• Pumpout: Keco, Inc. Pump-a-Head
Portable; Keco, Inc., P.O. Box
80308, San Diego, CA 92138.
Hall of Fame Marina
manager Bob Koerber.
65
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13. The Hammond Marina
Fertilizing Landscape With Seaweed
Saves Money and Environment
Location: 1111 Calumet Avenue, Hammond, Indiana 46320
Telephone: (219)659-7678 Fax: (219)659-7679
Interviewed: Robert Nelson, Marina Director
Owned by: Hammond Port Authority
Waterbody: Cal River mouth, Lake Michigan
Environmental change
The Hammond Marina reduced its
chemical weed control by recycling nui-
sance seaweed into mulch and fertilizer for
landscape plantings.
The second-largest public
marina on Lake Michigan
The Hammond Marina is a publicly
owned and operated home port marina on
Lake Michigan, 14 miles southeast of
Chicago and adjacent to the Cal River,
which connects to the Mississippi River
navigation system. The marina is protected
by a double breakwater system that consists
of a 14-foot above-water wall and a second
submerged wall that minimize wave action.
The marina basin contains 1,113 slips and
50 dry-storage spaces, launch ramps, and
winter storage for boats. The marina has 12
full-time year-round employees and hires
40 more in the summer boating season,
April through November. Bubbler systems
protect the marina docks from winter ice.
Boat sizes range from 26 feet LOA to 80
feet LOA (average 33 feet), with 83%
between 26 feet and 35 feet. Eighty percent
are powerboats and 20% are sailboats.
During the 1995 season, the slips were 70%
occupied. On a busy summer weekend,
25% of the boats are used, with 15%
occupied overnight. There are 10
liveaboards in the marina.
In addition to slips and land storage, the
Hammond Marina offers transient dockage,
three public fishing piers, a fuel dock, a
retail store, pumpout, laundry, food/
beverages, bike rentals, public restrooms,
concierge service, a swim beach, and an
aquatic resource center. Boats are launched
and hauled with a hydraulic trailer.
Concessionaires in the marina provide
boat charters, brokerage, a yacht club, and a
restaurant/bar aboard the Milwaukee
Clipper ship. Available boat maintenance
services include fiberglass and hull repairs,
engine repair, sail/rigging work, painting,
electronic sales/service, welding, and
bottom cleaning.
The marina was built in 1991 on an
unused urban waterfront. The 54-acre
complex was carved out of steel mill slag
and shoreline created from dredged sand,
which created a mile-long beach of pure
sand. The Chicago boat harbors and one in
Indiana are within 5 miles and serve a
3,000-boat population.
66
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13. The Hammond Marina
Management measures
The Hammond Marina achieves the
marina management measure for habitat
assessment, as well as the measures for
marina flushing, water quality assessment,
shoreline stabilization, storm water runoff
control, fueling station design, sewage
facility, maintenance of sewage facilities,
solid waste, fish waste, liquid materials,
petroleum control, boat cleaning, and
public education.
Costs/benefits
In 1995, the Hammond Marina cut its
annual $ 1,000 cost of disposing of milfoil
seaweed to $200, while also gaining use of
it as a mulch and fertilizer for the marina's
gardens. That seaweed recycling program
projects a saving of $17,500 for 1996 from
a 50% reduction in chemical weed control.
Environmental improvements
The Hammond Marina, like many other
freshwater facilities, is plagued with rapidly
growing Asian milfoil seaweed. "This
virulent plant causes damage to boat
engines when it clogs the cooling water in-
takes," said Marina Director Robert Nelson.
The weed grows to the water surface
from roots on the bottom. It grows well
when there is plenty of sunlight and nutri-
ents available. Lake Michigan is signifi-
cantly cleaner due to improved clean
marina practices, city sewage treatment,
reduced industrial waste, and filter-feeding
zebra mussels. However, clearer water has
resulted in better milfoil growth and an
increased control problem for the marina.
As the milfoil grows and is cut by boat
propellers, the pieces float off and can take
root somewhere else, worsening the prob-
lem.
Often during storms and after annual
chemical treatment, the milfoil breaks off to
form large floating mats, which drift around
the marina getting trapped in slips. The
milfoil is chemically treated with sonar
pellets, which had cost the marina $35,000
including labor per season to apply. Clean-
ing the floating milfoil is a continuous task
and in a typical year marina staff would
remove 200 cubic yards of the weed, which
had to be trucked away to the landfill.
"In 1995 we began recycling the sea-
weed as an organic resource, rather than
taking it to a landfill. The milfoil is gath-
ered and used as a high quality fertilizer/
mulch on flower beds," said Nelson.
"Additional quantities are used in local
parks and by local landscape supply stores,
which give it to customers. Gardeners now
come to the marina for free bags of the
seaweed."
"As a government facility, this saves the
marina money and time tending to orna-
mental flowers and trees. During the 10-
week season, the weed-harvesting costs are
level, but the disposal costs had been up to
$ 100 per week for an annual total of
$1,000. But it now costs us only $20 per
week for workers to bag and mulch with the
weed, for a 1995 total cost of $200." With
the 1995 harvesting success, Nelson
expects to halve the amount of weed-killing
chemicals the marina used and thus realize
a 50% cost saving in 1996.
"We use a special hook rake, invented
by our staff, to harvest the seaweed. Boaters
also help by placing the milfoil on the
docks, where we pick it up."
Harvesting Milfoil
seaweed for recycling
into landscape plantings.
(photo by The Hammond
Marina)
67
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13. The Hammond Marina
"In 1995 we began recycling
the seaweed as an organic
resource, rather than taking
It to a landfill. The milfoil is
gathered and used as a
high quality fertilizer/mulch."
The Hammond Marina takes pride in its
beautiful park-like landscaping. "The
public sees flower beds with amazing
blooms," said Nelson. "In 1994 marina staff
planted over 800 bulbs in the fall along the
entranceway, near the main comfort station,
the fish cleaning station, and other areas.
Additional plantings are done for summer
blooms."
Other improvements and
benefits
"The Hammond Marina does all the
right stuff: recycling of engine oil, alumi-
num, glass, and paper with recycling bins
on the docks. We use the money from
recycling for our disabled sailing program,"
Nelson said. The Hammond Adaptive
Sailing Program teaches able and disabled
persons how to sail and
offers them an opportunity
to socialize with people
who share the same
interest.
Hammond constructed
a mini-beach adjacent to
the marina on abandoned
property, resulting in
cleaning of 2 acres of waterfront that had
been a major source of refuse and flotsam
and jetsam litter. The cleanup cost the
marina $2,000. Now the general public and
boaters have lake access and swimming
beach use.
Runoff from the parking lots is buffered
with lawn edges. Shoreline erosion and
internal waves are controlled with sloping
riprap stone bulkheads.
"In addition to our pumpout station on
the gas dock," Nelson wrote, "we added in
1994 a portable pumpout to take the service
to boats in the slips. The portable cost
$4,700, and had $ 1,500 in labor and parts.
Boaters—especially on larger boats—have
consistently complained about having to
untie just to go to the gas dock for
pumpouts. Additionally, and very impor-
tantly, when our main pumpout system is
inoperative (such as for maintenance), the
portable one is available. Between Memo-
rial Day and Labor Day 1995, the portable
earned $4,500 additional income primarily
from slip holders in the marina. Many of
them get pumped out even though their
tank is only half full." Each pumpout costs
$10 when done in the slip, but at the fuel
dock the cost is $5.
One of the unique and highly successful
environmental and educational initiatives at
the Hammond Marina is a work-study
program with a City of Gary social service
agency. Called Pyramid, this summer
program provides and pays 20 teenagers to
help clean up the marina and beach at
minimum wage. "The teens also do a good
job mulching with the seaweed and weed-
ing our gardens. Now our public areas are
kept much cleaner on a 3-times-a-week
basis. Customers appreciate the extra
service on docks," said Nelson.
"This is a unique summer job program
and is the only one I know of that is related
to the harbor. A professor at Purdue Univer-
sity, who is an avid boater, runs the pro-
gram. They target kids who could otherwise
get into gangs. The teens get training in
boating, boating safety, and boating eco-
nomics. A future benefit may come as these
teens contemplate boater success stories,
and consider possible vocations in boating
businesses," Nelson added. "This is an
excellent source for additional boater
services. I recommend that other marina
managers check their local government and
private foundations for similar help."
Marina director Robert Nelson has many
years of prior experience as chief of all
boating facilities in Chicago, and he has
been active nationally in NASBLA and
SOBA. His experience, enthusiasm, and
innovation are serving the Hammond
Marina very well. His motto is "Our service
must exceed our customers' expectations."
He added, "We look for employees who
know how to treat people." And obviously
how to run a clean marina, too.
68
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14. Harbour Towne Marina
Filtered Pressure Wash Water Kept Business
Location: 801 Northeast 3rd Street, Dania, Florida 33004
Telephone: (305) 926-0300 Fax: (305) 922-5485
Interviewed: Gary Groenewold, Florida Regional Manager
Owned by: Westrec Marinas, Inc., Encino, California
Waterbody: Dania Cutoff Canal, off Intracoastal Waterway
Environmental change
This marina invested in a wash-down
filtration system and relocated its hull-
cleaning area for environmental compli-
ance.
The full-service and dry stack
marina
Harbour Towne Marina is a full-service
marina with 150 slips, 365 racks in two
large buildings, and 35 dry-land spaces for
boats. It operated at 100% of capacity in the
1995 boating season and has 35 full-time
employees year-round. Of the boats kept in
slips, only five are liveaboards. Ninety-five
percent of the boats kept in the marina are
powerboats. The boats range in size from
under 21 feet up to 80 feet; the average
sizes are 45 feet in slips and 24 feet in
racks. The largest boat is a 200-foot LOA
commercial gambling ship that takes daily
cruises offshore.
Before becoming a marina in the 1950s,
the land had been used as a U.S. Coast
Guard Station since the early 1940s.
Westrec purchased the facility in 1989 and
has been operating it since. Some services,
shops, and offices are leased to other
boating-related businesses.
Among the other services available to
boaters are transient dockage, launch/
haulout, boat rentals, charter boats, new and
used boat sales, retail store, fuel dock,
pumpout, laundry, food and beverage, and
repair services (concessionaires) for
fiberglass, hulls, engines, sails, rigging,
paint, canvas, electronics, and welding.
Westrec does all boat hauling and launching
with a travel lift and forklifts. Harbour
Towne is the international headquarters of
Club Nautico, a small boat rental franchise
business. A newly renovated dockside
restaurant helps make Harbour Towne a
fine marina.
Within a 2-mile radius there are eight
other marinas and five boat/shipyards, all
servicing an estimated population of 4,000+
recreational vessels. While South Florida
has year-round boating weather, the peak
season starts in October and runs through
April.
Management measures
Harbour Towne Marina achieves the
marina management measures for storm
water runoff control and solid waste, as
well as shoreline stabilization, fueling
station design, sewage facility, maintenance
69
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1. All Seasons Marina
Harbour Towne Marina's
30'by 60'Inill power-
washing pad.
"More than any other thing
the marina can do, we can
keep wash water from
returning to the canal."
of sewage facilities, fish waste, liquid
materials, petroleum control, boat cleaning,
and public education.
Cost/benefits
Design, permit, equipment, and labor
costs to build a wash-down pad away from
the launching well, as well as a power wash
water filtration system with wastewater
returning to the sewer, required an initial
outlay of $46,415. Annual operation and
maintenance of the wash-
...__.._.____ down area, including
sludge removal, costs
$3,300. Gross annual
revenue from hauling and
washing boats was
~" $270,000. Assuming a 5%
discount rate with costs amortized over 10
years, average annual net income from the
hauling/washing operation is estimated to
be $260,689.
Environmental improvements
Broward County required Harbour
Towne Marina, particularly the boat wash-
down area within the working boatyard, to
comply with its best management practices
or to close down that part of the business,
with a potential loss of almost $300,000
annually. Permits and design plans cost
$3,415. To reduce the chance of spray and
bottom debris reaching the marine waters,
the washing pad was relocated 100 feet
inland from the travel lift well used for
haulouts. When the new pad and filtration
system were being built, an unanticipated
abandoned foundation had to be removed,
and a storm water drain tie-in was built
($25,000). Westrec installed a Nova Chem
wastewater filtration system ($18,000) to
clean the power wash water sufficiently to
meet the county's gray water standards for
discharge into the municipal sewer system.
The project was completed in the spring of
1993.
The system is turned on whenever
power washing is being done. The 30-foot
by 60-foot concrete washing pad slopes
down from the four sides to a large central
drain. The pad is hosed down after each
hull is cleaned, and all debris and dirt go
into the drain and filters. A small mesh cage
traps the big pieces of marine growth. The
water with dissolved and small particles is
pumped into the filter system, where it is
further filtered and treated with a series of
three different chemicals. Finally, the water
leaves the filter and enters a sewer drain. It
costs $3,300 to operate and maintain the
wash-down area, including sludge removal,
chemicals, and labor.
When asked what he would do differ-
ently, Groenewold said, "I would research
the site better. For a smaller yard, I would
tailor the system to the site and lower the
cost by using plastic tubs instead of stain-
less steel tanks."
When it rains in South Florida, it really
pours, and such a volume of runoff could
not be allowed to enter the filter. Since the
pad is always kept clean, contamination of
runoff is not a problem. Thus, a drain
bypass system was installed to allow
rainwater to drain into the adjacent man-
grove swamp.
During the 1994-95 season, Westrec
hauled and washed 650 boats, which
70
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"I. All Seasons Marina
brought in $270,000 income. Groenewold
added, "We couldn't be in the boat-han-
dling business without approval for our new
pad and filtration system. We could not
allow contamination to continue. More than
any other thing the marina can do, we can
keep wash water from returning to the
canal."
The marina employs a number of other
best management practices consistent with
the Broward County BMPs. "Copies are
given to all outside contractors and com-
mercial tenants with contract language
requiring their compliance," said
Groenewold, "and the contractors must
each agree to the terms and sign the con-
tract before doing any work on our prop-
erty. Discharge of sewage is forbidden, and
the use of oil bilge pads encouraged.
Recycling is available for oil, batteries,
plastic, glass, cans, zinc, and other metal
scraps. Signs and a fish-cleaning station
also are found in Harbour Towne. Every
boat owner gets a two-page 'Environmental
Awareness Contract' stating the marina's
requirements on sewage discharge, bilge
water, fuel, and boat maintenance, and a
hurricane preparedness plan." The latter is
an interesting inclusion because severe
storms can do much physical damage,
which results in environmental contamina-
tion. At Harbour Towne, storm and environ-
mental preparation go hand in hand.
The fuel and pumpout dock were
recently modernized, and extra fire and
spill control equipment was added. Boaters
are required to have oil absorption pads in
the bilge. Pumpouts are free for slip cus-
tomers, and a $5 fee is charged for outside
boats. Hand washing of vessels is permitted
in slips only if biodegradable soap is used
in minimal amounts.
To further reduce runoff contamination,
the entire perimeter of the marina (except
the launching areas, commercial work
building frontage, and fuel dock) was dug
up and planted with a greenbelt of grass.
Grassy traffic islands with trees were built
in the large car parking lots. The green
foliage and lawns help ease the visual
impact of the large facility, act as runoff
filters, and give some cooling effect from
otherwise fully paved though very clean
land.
This power-wash water
filtration, clarification
and flocculation system
allows Harbour Towne
Marina to discharge the
greywater into the
municipal sewer system.
71
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15. Kean's Detroit Yacht Harbor
Urban Marina Has Pumpout/Fuel Sales Synergy
Location: 100 Meadowbrook Ave., P.O. Box 14189, Detroit,
Michigan 48189-0189
Telephone: (313)822-4500 Fax: (313)822-5442
Interviewed: John Kean, CMM, Owner and General Manager
Waterbody: Detroit River, below Lake St. Clair, facing Canada
Environmental change
Four full-serve pumpout stations, which
can service every boat tied in eight fuel
docks, attract new customers who also buy
fuel.
The urban marina
Kean's Detroit Yacht Harbor is a private
commercial, seasonal business that is
considered a home port for its customers,
although it is also a popular stopoff for
transient boaters. Within a 2-mile radius
nearly 1,000 boats are kept in eight other
marinas and yacht clubs.
Kean's and the subleased boat services
have a combined payroll of 40 full-time
employees year-round plus 10 part-time in
the boating season. The business has a
summer season storage capacity of 330
boats in slips and 50 on land; its winter
indoor and outdoor land storage is 525
boats. Boat sizes range from 22 to 46 feet
with the average at 31 feet. Other services
and profit centers include transient dock-
age, launch/haulout, used boat brokerage,
retail store, bait/tackle sales, food/beverage/
ice sales, and laundry. A significant retail
market for Kean's is Canadians who cross
the river to buy alcohol, cigarettes, and
gasoline at lower prices; many also get
pumped out. On a busy summer weekend
about 15% of the boats would be used, half
of which would have people sleeping
aboard overnight.
The full-service marina was first built in
1931 by Marvin Kean and was bought by
his son, John, in 1980. Winter inside and
outside boat storage and boat repairs have
always been an important part of the
business. Boats are hauled by an Algonac
sling lift on rails and moved with a hydrau-
lic trailer, forklift, and crane. Trained
technicians repair paint, fiberglass, engines,
canvas, and hulls.
Management measures
Kean's Detroit Yacht Harbor achieves
the marina management measures for
sewage facility and maintenance of sewage
facilities, as well as shoreline stabilization,
storm water runoff control, fueling station
design, solid waste, liquid materials,
petroleum control, and public education.
Costs/benefits
Kean's Detroit Yacht Harbor, for a
capital cost of $12,000 in 1990 and an
annual operational/maintenance cost of
72
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15. Kean's Detroit Yaht Harbor
$1,040, last year grossed $3,000 in
pumpout income plus an additional $8,000
in fuel sales, as a result of providing
convenient, one-stop, staff-operated (full-
service) pumpout service at the boat fueling
station, bringing a gross $8,400 income to
the business this year.
Environmental improvements
Because the marina is located on a no-
discharge waterway, owner John Kean feels
that providing pumpout service is an
essential responsibility of his marina and
other large marinas. At the Detroit Yacht
Harbor, pumpout service was first made
available in 1975 with a pumpout cart that
was pulled to boats in slips. The cart was
then emptied into a connector to the city's
wastewater treatment system. But the
mobile service was labor-intensive, slow,
and not as well used by boaters as expected.
To make the sewage pumpout service
more efficient, convenient, and cost-
effective, Kean installed a fixed system at
his fuel docks in 1990. A commercial 200-
gallon vacuum tank, located on the inland
side of his office/retail building, pulls
sewage through 120 feet of underground 2-
inch vacuum lines from four dockside fuel
stations, each with on/off switches, to the
vacuum tank. When the tank nearsfull, the
vacuum tank automatically cycles from
vacuum to a pressurized tank, which blows
the effluent into the marina's outgoing
sewer line to the city's system. Once empty,
it automatically reverses its valves and
again builds a vacuum. Indicator lights on
each dockside pumpout post indicate
whether the system is on vacuum and
available for use, or on pressure and
emptying.
In 1994, the marina provided over 1,200
pumpouts, charging $5 per pumpout to
Kean's seasonal slip customers and $10 to
outside boaters. "As part of our marina
marketing package, we offer discounts to
our slip customers of 50% per pumpout and
15% off gasoline sales," said John Kean,
"and we are 95% occupied for the 1995
summer season. The pumpout income is
almost 100% profit, and the extra fuel sales
net about $0.30 per gallon sold."
"One key to our success," said Kean, "is
having our fuel dock staff do each pump-
out. Despite having six other do-it-yourself
pumpout stations within 2 miles of our
docks, we attract boaters to our service be-
cause it is an easy and quick pumpout.
Customers only want to dock their boat
once. That's why we put the pumpout on
the fuel dock. The pumpout only takes 15 to
30 seconds to empty the holding tank, and
(contrary to what some marina managers
fear) does not slow our boat-fueling opera-
tion."
Staff-operated pumpouts
boosted gasoline and
diesel sales at Kean's
convenient fuel dock.
(photo by Kean's Detroit
Yacht Harbor)
73
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15. Kean's Detroit Yaht Harbor
"Our key to success is
having our fuel dock
staff do each pumpout."
"But I do not believe that our pumpout
service has improved water quality,"
lamented Kean. "We are one-third mile
downstream from Detroit's sewer plant
outfall. When it rains, the city's combined
storm water and sewage system dumps raw
sewage into the river. However, I do believe
that we have a synergistic
= fuel/pumpout business
advantage which complies
with Michigan's strictly -
enforced no-discharge law
~ and ban on Y-valve use."
As part of John Kean's
ongoing process of strengthening his
marina business, he has made many other
environmental improvements in recent
years. Remodeled and improved restrooms
are well used and appreciated by customers.
Along with the pumpout service, the
gasoline-only fueling operation has been
upgraded and has spill control gear at the
ready. Boats kept in the marina now use oil
absorption pads in bilges. Oil, cans, bottles,
and batteries are recycled. Kean's earns $5
for each battery turned in. Clean boating
educational efforts include articles in three
newsletters per year, new signs, and con-
tract language. Dog owners have a desig-
nated grassy area to walk their pets. Only
dustless sanders can be used in the marina.
Grass and planter beds buffer the river from
parking area runoff.
Well-placed and well-maintained grass,
flowers, shrubs, and trees make this facility
seem less urban. A nicely decked swim-
ming pool, Jacuzzi, and changing rooms
also make Kean's a popular oasis in an
otherwise unattractive section of Detroit.
Equipment source
• Vacuum pumpout unit: Tank Truck
Services, 25150 Dequindre, Warren,
MI 48091.
74
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16. Lockwood Boat Works, Inc.
Recycled Crushed Concrete Controls Runoff,
Saves Money
Location: 1825 Highway 35, Morgan,
South Amboy, New Jersey 08879-2525
Telephone: (908)721-1605 Fax: (908)721-2740
Interviewed: William J. (Bill) Lockwood, General Manager
Owned by: William V. and Mary Lockwood
Waterbody: Raritan Bay
Environmental change
Parking areas and the boat maintenance
yard were covered with 6 inches of crushed
concrete to control runoff at this New
Jersey boat works.
The full-service marina and
boatyard
Lockwood Boat Works, Inc., celebrating
its 50th anniversary in 1996, is a first-class,
full-service marina and boatyard owned and
operated by the Lockwood family. It has .
200 slips in 2 adjacent marinas—150 slips
in the main facility and another 50 slips at
the small Old Spye Marina just east and
about 1,000 yards down channel, bought in
1995.
At the main yard, land storage is avail-
able for the winter season and boat repairs.
Launching and hauling are done with a
combination of two 35-ton open travel lifts.
Full repairs, available in heated shops,'
include fiberglass, wood, hulls, engines, sail
rigging, painting, and welding. A fuel dock
and pumpout are available. -
Up the hill, on Highway 35, Lockwood
has a first-class retail ship's store with a full
line of accessories, boat equipment, hard-
ware, and used brokerage. Their sales
jnotto is "If we don't have it, we'll find it
for you."
Considered a home port by its boaters,
there were a few liveaboards during the
1995 summer season with two remaining
over winter. On a busy summer weekend,
about 50% of the boats are used daily and
about 20% overnight.
At Lockwood the boats range in size
from 16 to 45 feet LOA, with the average
between 28 and 35 feet LOA. In 1995, the
slips were 100% occupied during the
boating season, which runs from May 1
through the end of October. Sailboats make
up 75% of Lockwood's boat population;
25% are powerboats.
The marina was begun in 1946, follow-
ing World War II, by William V. Lockwood.
He started by building some docks, from
which he rented and sold wood skiffs he
built. Gradually, the business grew into a
full-service marina, now run by his 10
children. Today, three generations of
Lockwoods are working in the marina,
boatyard, and retail businesses. William J.
(Bill) is the general manager.
75
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16. Lockwood Boat Works, Inc.
Lockwood Boat Works
power-wash pad, work
yard, and parking areas
covered with recycled
crush concrete.
"I wanted something which
would absorb rain, significantly
reduce runoff to comply with
federal guidelines for marinas,
and help control erosion."
Within 2 miles, there are three other
marinas, ranging in size from 50 to 300
slips, with a combined population of almost
800 boats. Lockwood Boat Works' slip
rates are similar to those of the neighboring
facilities.
Management measures
Lockwood Boat Works achieves the
marina management measure for storm
water runoff control, as well as the mea-
sures for shoreline stabilization, fueling
station design, sewage facility, maintenance
of sewage facilities, solid waste, fish waste,
liquid materials, petroleum control, boat
cleaning, and public education.
Costs/benefits
Lockwood Boat Works installed 10
acres of crushed concrete in 1995 for a
permeable, runoff-control-
ling yard surface at a cost
of $18,000 per acre
installed. By using a
recycled product instead
of blacktop paving, the
- marina saved $36,000 (a
67% saving) per acre. Assuming that the
cost will be amortized over 20 years,
Lockwood saved $14,444 in 1995 alone.
Environmental improvements
Instead of paving its parking areas and
boat work yard, Lockwood Boat Works
covered the entire 10 acres with a 6-inch
layer of crushed concrete, a recycled
product available from a local sand and
gravel company.
This type of surface was selected over
paved blacktop for two types of reasons:
ecological and economic. Lockwood said,
"I wanted something which would absorb
rain, significantly reduce runoff to comply
with federal guidelines for marinas, and
help control erosion. Also, paving would
have cost $54,000 per acre installed, or
three times more than the $18,000 per acre
cost to install the crushed concrete."
"Crushed rock was also considered, but
it had two disadvantages over the concrete:
cost and slow stability. The cost of crushed
rock would have been $27,000 or one-third
higher. The concrete stone was stable
enough to drive trucks on it immediately
after being spread, whereas 6 inches of
crushed stone would have taken many
weeks to settle before it would hold a
truck's weight. And another benefit from
using crushed concrete was that we used a
recycled product, and that reduced the
volume of waste concrete going to the
landfill."
"At the same time, we built retaining
walls on the hillside to reduce erosion and
the need for maintenance dredging. We
want to clean everything up so we will be
able to stay in business with a clean opera-
tion."
Other improvements and
benefits
Lockwood Boat Works runs a very clean
and unusually neat boatyard. A major part
of keeping clean is educating customers and
employees. Before any boat is worked on
outdoors, a plastic tarp is placed on the
ground under the hull to catch any falling
debris and dirt. Every day during boat
repairs each tarp is swept or vacuumed
clean. "We have been using drop cloths
beneath our outdoor boat work for 4 years,
and it works well," said Bill Lockwood.
"Next year we are going to try 18-foot-wide
filter fabric instead of tarps under every
boat placed in winter storage."
One unique and effective approach used
by Lockwood is its practice of placing two
76
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16. Lockwood Boat Works, Inc.
55-gallon drums beside boats being worked
on by staff or boat owners. Both barrels
were painted with attractive vinyl signs by
Screen Graphics of Florida. The gray
barrel has two red-lettered vinyl signs:
"Garbage Only" and "NO Recyclable
Items." The other is painted blue with one
large vinyl sign:
Commingled Recyclables ONLY
* Aluminum Cans
* Glass Bottles & Jars (Green,
Brown, Clear)
* Metal Cans
* Plastic Beverage Containers
To further protect the environment,
Lockwood uses a variety of clean marina
practices.
• Staff and customers are required by
contract to use only dustless sanders.
"We have Fein vacuum sanders and a
range of sandpaper discs available.
The sanders rent for $ 15.00 per hour,
plus disc cost. But if they buy their
bottom paint from us, we give them
the first 4 hours' use free."
• Used fuel filters, paint thinners,
acetone, and other chemicals are
picked by commercial services,
which recycle or dispose of each and
provide the marina with a statement
of disposal.
• Aboveground, lined diesel and
gasoline fuel tanks have replaced old,
in-ground tanks.
• Scrap metal from boat and mast
repairs is collected in a 30-yard bin,
then hauled to a local scrap metal
dealer and sold.
• Old wood beams, cradles, and
blocking are cut up and placed for
customers to take home for firewood.
"It goes real fast," said Lockwood.
• Hulls are washed down on a paved
asphalt pad, set about 25 feet inland
from the travel lift well. This is the
only place boats are high-pressure-
washed. Wash water all runs into a
centered drain that empties into a
precast cement, in-ground settling
Tarps placed beneath a
boat being worked on to
catch dirt and debris.
Two 55-gallon drums are
provided for rubbish and
recyclables.
tank. When the tank becomes nearly
full, it is pumped out into a 55-gallon
drum that contains a filter cloth bag.
The filtered water runs out of holes
in the barrel and into the ground.
While showing a dry handful of the
paint chips and debris collected in
the bag, Bill Lockwood exclaimed,
"Just think—in the past all this dirt
ran into the marina waters!"
• Every marina customer gets a two-
page environmental practices and
rules statement. It describes the need
for drop cloths under all yard work
and provides practices for disposal of
paint cans and toxic waste, bilge
pumpout, fish cleaning, spring
launching, and holding tank
pumpout. "Our goal is to provide a
safe and clean environment for your
power and sail boating pleasure, and
at the same time protect the environ-
ment around us."
"I feel good about the improvements we
have made," said Bill Lockwood. And so
he should as his family celebrates their first
half-century serving the boating public.
With 100% occupancy, customers clearly
agree that Lockwood Boat Works has
become a clean marina that should have
another 50 years of business success.
Equipment sources
• Vinyl signs: Screen Graphics of
Florida, Inc., 2801 Northwest 55
Court, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309.
• Dustless sander: Fein-Vac; Fein
Power Tools, Inc., 3019 West Carson
Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15204.
77
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17. The Lodge of Four
Seasons Marina
Dustless Sanding Increases Productivity
Location: Highway HH, P.O. Box 215, Lake Ozark, Missouri 65049
Telephone: (573)365-8540 Fax: (573)365-8547
Interviewed: Clay Huntress, Manager, CMM applicant
Owned by: Chase Resorts, Inc.
Waterbody: Lake of the Ozarks
Environmental change
This Missouri marina converted from
conventional sanders to dustless vacuum
Sanders.
The inland lake resort marina
Lake of the Ozarks, in central Missouri,
is an inland private lake owned by the
Union Electric Company. More than 70,000
boats are docked around the lake, and there
are two state parks.
The Lodge of Four Seasons Marina has
25 full-time and 5 part-time employees
during the boating season (March through
November) and 10 full-time employees
year-round. This private commercial
business is a full-service marina/boatyard
considered a home port by its customers.
The marina has 148 covered and 71 uncov-
ered slips, with an average berth size of 44
feet. Over 90% of the slips were leased for
the 1995 season, with boats remaining year-
round in water. About 20% of the boats are
sailboats and 80% powerboats, and they
range in size from 21 feet up to 54 feet,
with 146 vessels in the 41- to 50-foot size
range. On a busy summer weekend, up to
40% of the boats are in use or occupied,
with about 35% occupied overnight.
In addition to slips, the marina offers
transient dockage for visitors from around
the 95-mile-long lake. The boatyard does
haulout and launching; full-service repairs
to fiberglass, hulls, and engines; sail
rigging; painting; electronics; and welding.
Boats are moved with a travel lift, hydraulic
trailer, and forklift.
On a no-discharge lake, Four Seasons
has a pumpout on the fuel dock that was
used about 1,000 times during the 1995
summer. Pumping is done by marina staff.
Within a 2-mile radius of Four Seasons,
there are four other marinas that also offer
fuel and pumpout. There are about 3,000
recreational boats in the area.
On the retail side, the marina's profit
centers include boat rental/charters, used
boat brokerage, retail store, bait and tackle,
fuel, food, drinks, and ice. The marina is
part of the Lodge of Four Seasons resort,
which also has 4 restaurants, a hotel
conference center, a campground, 4 pools, a
swimming beach, 3 golf courses, 23 tennis
78
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17. The Lodge of Four Seasons Marina
courts, a bass fishing guide, parasailing, a
racket club with fitness center, and other
amenities common to a major resort.
Management measures
The Lodge of Four Seasons Marina
provides for the collection of solid waste,
and achieves the marina management
measures for shoreline stabilization,
fueling station design, sewage facility,
maintenance of sewage facilities, liquid
materials, petroleum control, boat cleaning,
and public education.
Cost/benefits
The marina invested $3,724 to convert
from conventional sanding to a dustless
vacuum sanding system. The new system
captures over 99% of the dust and has
increased productivity of bottom work,
lowered material cost, and decreased
cleanup labor by 30%. The dustless hull
maintenance service brings $20,000 of
annual gross revenue to the marina, and
saves $6,050 annually in materials and
labor costs compared to the marina's past
sanding practices. Net income from the hull
services is estimated at almost $12,000 per
year.
Environmental improvements
"Spring bottom painting is an important
profit center at Lodge of Four Seasons
Marina, responsible for about 6% of its
annual boat repair income. No private
outside contractors or do-it-yourselfers are
allowed to do bottom work here as part of
the contract signed by our customers.
Because of national concern about clean
water," said marina manager Clay Huntress,
"I was concerned about the amount of dust
getting into the atmosphere, land, and
eventually the lake during hull sanding."
"In the spring of 1995, we bought two
portable Fein dustless sanders, which allow
four sanders to work at the same time,"
Huntress explained. "The two electric
machines cost $3,724 plus filters. I was
amazed at how well they worked. Over
99% of all the dust is vacuumed up and
never gets into the environment. We can run
two sanders at the same time off each
vacuum unit."
"In fact, we are doing each boat faster,
cutting 30% off the time typically spent
doing the bottom in the past," said Clay.
When the machines first arrived, Clay and
his yard foreman set up a
side-by-side comparison
bottom sanding test using
two identical 52-foot
Bluewater cruiser-type
houseboats. One hull was
sanded the traditional way
with rotary sander and
dust flying about; the
other was done with the dustless sander.
"The old style sanding job took 18 hours of
labor, while the new sander took 12 hours
of labor," said the foreman. The marina has
now found that it saves about $205 per
average boat bottom painted and fills about
one filter bag per boat. Clay did add, "Boats
here don't need to repaint their bottoms
every year or two, as on saltwater. We only
need to haul and paint ours about every 3 or
4 years." (Note: Zebra mussels are not in
the Lake of the Ozarks—yet.)
"Without any dust we have a cleaner,
safer working environment," Clay added.
"Very little paint dust is left in the painting
bay when the job is complete. My workers
don't have to wear full coverall suits with
respirators, and they work quicker with
fewer breaks. Lighter clothing can be worn,
with just goggles and masks required to do
the job. The employees really like this
equipment. This way it's easier to keep
good health; it could possibly reduce
workers' compensation claims."
"Since most sanding and painting is
done indoors, we also save labor costs by
not having to cover/uncover the boat to
keep the topside clean. The average boat
"Because of national concern
about clean water, I was
concerned about the amount of
dust getting into the atmosphere,
land, and eventually the lake
during hull sanding."
79
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17. The Lodge of Four Seasons Marina
Marina workers sand the
bottom of a powerboat
with a ditstless sunder.
(photo by Lodge of Four
Seasons Marina)
takes 2 to 4 hours to cover. The customers
like having cleaner boats, too. I estimate
90% labor saving in area (ground)
cleanup," said Huntress.
"Another cost saving comes from using
fewer sanding disk pads. Reviewing other
jobs over the past 2 years of sanding and
painting reflected an average use of old
style disks at 43 per job, while the new
style averages 38 disks. Since the vacuum
pulls cool outside air into the holes in the
center of the random orbital rotating disk,
the sandpaper stays cooler, does not melt
the paint or gelcoat (common with other
spinning sanders), slows pad build-up, and
lasts longer. I just couldn't recommend
dustless sanding highly enough."
The marina contracts out to a private
company, Safety Kleen (a nationwide
service), to pick up its used solvents and
oil, and maintain the parts washer, for about
$ 135 per month. "With hazardous waste
disposal a long-term problem for all of us, I
wanted to go with a respectable national
company for this service. They keep all our
records of disposal at a reasonable fee to
the marina."
"Our fuel dock has six pumps, with four
for gasoline and two for diesel. We sold
150,000 gallons during the 1995 boating
season," said Huntress. "We have a written
spill prevention, control and countermea-
sure (SPCC) plan developed for us by a
registered environmental engineer. In
addition, we automatically put oil-absorb-
ing pads in any bilge of any boat when we
see the need."
Dustless sanding, hazardous waste
removal, fuel SPCC, and bilge oil pads help
the Lodge of Four Seasons comply with its
NPDES permit.
Equipment sources
• Dustless sander: Fein-Vac I, 10-
gallon; Fein Power Tools, Inc., 3019
West Carson Street, Pittsburgh, PA
15204.
• Hazardous waste removal: Safety
Kleen, Inc., 1000 North Randall
Road, Elgin, IL 60123-7857.
80
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18. Oak Harbor Marina
Floating Pumpout/Restroom Provides Easy Access for Boaters
Location: 8075 Catalina Drive, Oak Harbor, Washington 98277
Telephone: (360)679-2628 Fax: (360)240-0603
Interviewed: David D. Williams, Harbormaster
Owned by: City of Oak Harbor
Waterbody: Oak Harbor Bay, Puget Sound
Environmental change
Oak Harbor Marina purchased a floating
restroom barge, which has both a pumpout
and a dump station, to service the guest
dockage area.
The marina
Oak Harbor Marina—city owned and
operated—is the only recreational boat
marina in the bay. Its sign says: "Welcome
to OAK HARBOR MARINA, a marine
park for use by the general public."
The marina has 133 open and 183
covered floating concrete slips, plus 96 dry-
storage, garage-type sheds on land slips,
and it had leased out 94% of its 316-slip
capacity for the 12-month season. Four full-
time employees work year-round, with
three part-time hires in the summer season.
The boat mix is 40% sailboats and 60%
powerboats, ranging in size from 24 feet up
to 50 feet (average 36 feet). Twenty-five
vessels are liveaboards. On a busy summer
weekend, the manager estimates that 90%
of the boats are used in this home port
marina. A privately owned and operated
fenced-in dry-storage yard is available for
up to 40 boats on trailers or blocks.
Transient guest moorage (dockage) is
available for up to 100 more boats, 38 of
which are along the floating breakwater's
walkway, where boats up to 40 feet LOA
can tie up. The breakwater is a Wave
Guard offset floating breakwater built of
concrete and wood by Bellingham Marine
Industries. The design includes double-
wide slips along the lee side and allows
people to use the offset wide surfaces as
deck patios. The 10.5-foot depth and twice-
daily 13-foot tidal range made the floating
breakwater practical for wave protection.
Other services include launch/haulout
with a hoist crane and a 100-foot-wide
launch ramp, engine repair, floating fuel
dock with pumpout and dump station, and
ice sales. The Oak Harbor Yacht Club is
located in the marina and has 300 members.
Amenities for boaters in and around the
marina include recently renovated
restrooms, picnic tables, children's play-
ground, barbecue area, volleyball, horse-
shoes, and a city park. Just a short walk
away are the city's shops, motels, and
restaurants.
The marina was built in 1974 and
expanded its guest moorage in 1988 with
the installation of the floating breakwater.
Income from the marina goes into a city
enterprise fund dedicated to the facility's
operation and maintenance. "We are not a
fishing port. Our marina is 98% pleasure
81
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18. Oak Harbor Marina
Welcome sign gives an
environmental greeting to
till visitors at Oak
llarhor Marina, (photo
bv Oak Harbor Marina)
iWELCOWE TO THE
MARINA
AN AQUATIC RESOURCE
DEDICATED TO • \
THE PRESERVATION
QF OUR MARINE
HERITAGE THROUGH
CLEAN BOATING'
craft. This waterfront had previously been
a Navy base since 1942. For most of the
century prior to 1942, there was nearby a
commercial dock for transshipment of
goods and merchandise," said David
Williams, "but the dock burned in the early
'60s and has not yet been replaced."
Management measures
Oak Harbor Marina achieves the marina
management measures for sewage facility
and maintenance of sewage facilities, as
well as marina flushing, water quality
assessment, habitat assessment, shoreline
stabilization, storm water runoff control,
fueling station design, solid waste, fish
waste, liquid materials, petroleum control,
boat cleaning, and public education.
Costs/benefits
Oak Harbor Marina's cost to design and
build the floating pumpout/dump station/
restroom barge was $58,600, paid with a
Washington State grant. Annual operating
and maintenance costs were $2,990 in
1995. No pumpout use fee is charged, but
the funds come from the marina mainte-
nance account. By adding the floating
station, the marina avoided costs equiva-
lent to $8,220 for commercial septic
haulout service. However, since the city
handled septic services, exact avoided
costs are not known.
Environmental improvements
Water-Loo is the name given to Oak
Harbor Marina's anchored barge with
pumpout/dump station and twin restroom,
which cost $58,600 to design, build, and
install. The Washington State Parks and the
Interagency Committee for Outdoor
Recreation (another state agency) gave the
City of Oak Harbor a $58,600 grant, which
paid for the floating self-serve service
station. The barge was manufactured by
the Impero Construction Company,
Bellingham, Washington, and operated
under license from the American Eagle
Manufacturing Company, LaConner,
Washington.
Annual operating costs are $795 for
labor, $975 for supplies, and $1,220 for
parts and are paid out of the marina mainte-
nance budget. While all pumpouts are free
to encourage maximum use, "The city
believes that the annual costs are offset by
improved water quality. I feel it [the barge]
is a very significant environmental en-
hancement," said Harbormaster Williams.
"As a municipal marina, we don't deal with
profit/loss in the same way [as private
marinas], or at least we don't have the .
records to prove the impact of environmen-
tal compliance."
The anchored aluminum barge has two
unisex toilets, which look like aluminum
outhouses or water closets (WCs) at each
end. The larger WC is in compliance with
the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
Near the middle of the barge are two
SeaLand pumpout stations, accessible to
boats that tie up on either side, and a hand
wash sink. Beside the smaller WC is the
portable toilet dump with a wash-down
hose attached (typical for dump stations)
for convenient clean up. The barge con-
tains a 3,000-gallon holding tank that is
82
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18. Oak Harbor Marina
emptied an average of one to two times per
month in season. The fuel dock has one
Edson pumpout and dump station available
with a second to be added in 1996. All
pumpouts are self-serve by boaters.
"The SS Water-Loo went into service on
Memorial Day 1994 and has been a tremen-
dous success," stated Williams. "It is tied
to the end of our guest dock, which is 1/4
mile from the nearest restroom ashore. The
state funded our project and is now design-
ing, building, and using similar restroom/
pumpout barges on its inland lakes and
coastal parks."
In 1995 a combined total of 1,700
pumpouts were done. An estimated total
40,000 gallons of boat sewage was col-
lected from both the barge and fuel dock, an
average of 23.5 gallons per boat. Currently,
the sewage goes into a city truck, which
transports it to the sewer plant without
charge. If the city were not providing that
service, Oak Harbor Marina would have
paid $8,220 for a commercial septic re-
moval service.
Other improvements and
benefits
Signs are used extensively to educate
people about good practices. The first one
greets boaters: "Welcome to the OAK
HARBOR MARINA - an aquatic resource
dedicated to the preservation of our marine
heritage through CLEAN BOATING!"
Other improved practices include recycling
of oil, paper, cardboard, cans, and batteries.
The fueling operation was upgraded to
reduce spillage, and the dock has oil spill
gear available. Boaters are requested to use
oil-absorbing bilge pads. A fish-cleaning
station is available for customer use. A set
of BMPs were developed and published and
are used to train staff and tenants.
"We also enforce what people are doing.
To help pay for all the clean marina en-
hancements, we implemented an environ-
mental compliance fee in 1995 charging
$ 1.00 per month on each boat stored in a
slip or on land, for a total of $4,600. This
money goes in a special account to pur-
chase expendable supplies, such as rubber
gloves and coveralls when cleaning the
pumpout barge, and oil absorption pads for
the fuel dock. We lost some folk who said
that boating was getting too expensive. The
cost of our tidelands lease from the state
has gone up. However, we have 150 on our
waiting list for larger slips."
Oak Harbor Marina has a tidal grid that
traditionally was used to scrape and repaint
boat bottoms during low tide. Grids work
well only on coasts with significant tidal
range, and Oak Harbor Bay has maximum
ranges from +13 feet down to -3 feet. All
waste scraped off each hull fell into the
water. Because of concern over high
amounts of paint metals in the sediments,
Oak Harbor stopped bottom repairs on the
grid and posted a sign:
Tidal grid is CLOSED - except for:
surveys, through-hull/rudder/prop work/
zinc changes [capture all residue]. Grid
may NOT be used for: hull maintenance
[washing/scraping], any sanding or paint-
ing. Use of grid must be scheduled through
Harbormaster.
Generally across America, tidal grids
have been eclipsed by modern boat hauling
equipment, such as travel lifts and hydrau-
lic trailers. "Boat repairs in the bay are
now serviced by a mobile contractor who
Oak Harbor Marina's
floating restroom and
pumpout barge—the SS
Water Loo—with a
portable toilet dump
station, (photo by Oaf:
Harbor Marina)
83
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18. Oak Harbor Marina
"The SS Water-Loo went into service
on Memorial Day 1994 and has been
a tremendous success. The state is
now designing, building, and using
similar restroom/pumpout barges on
its inland lakes and coastal parks."
is setting the [environmental] standard,"
stated Williams. "For haulouts and hull
repairs, the nearest places where travel lifts
are available are at boatyards in and round
the cities of Anacortes and LaConner [listed
on a handout given to every boater], each
about 15 water miles away."
"We also made our
environmental program
more noticeable with
education. Everyone
supports and believes in
the principle of 'clean
boating'; however, the
doing of it often seems
difficult. Every new tenant gets an informa-
tion packet of rules, including Sound
Information: A Boater's Guide, provided
by the Puget Sound Keeps Alliance. Oak
Harbor Marina's Environmental Policies,
for example, state that no bottom work can
be done [on land] unless over tarps,"
explained Williams. Clean boating prac-
tices are listed for engines and bilges, boat
fueling, painting and varnishing, surface
preparation, hull maintenance, sewage,
solid waste disposal, and chemical storage.
An excerpt from the boater's guide reads:
These are our "best management
practices," and all Marina tenants are
expected to comply with them. In essence,
they are all common sense approaches to
boat maintenance and operations, which
have the common goal of keeping bad
things out of the water. Please review
them, and use them as you enjoy boating in
this most beautiful corner of the world....As
we continue to work the very important
clean boating issues, your inputs are always
welcome. The basic requirement is that we
all take reasonable and prudent actions to
keep foreign matter from polluting the
waters from which we derive so much
enjoyment.
Since 1982, Oak Harbor Marina has
hosted a successful public aquaculture
project by the Washington Department of
Fisheries to boost the Coho and Chinook
salmon fishery. Hatchling salmon, from
the state, are placed in two special rearing
pens floating in marina slips and are raised
and released when 5- to 6-inch-long
fingerlings. This program runs twice a
year at no cost to the marina except fish
feed. The pens were built by volunteers
with materials paid for by a state grant.
The project has proven to be "a local
community attraction, with many school
classes visiting each year, and popular with
our boaters," said Williams. It also demon-
strates the environmental compatibility of
Oak Harbor Marina, its boats, and salmon
aquaculture. "To date, over 420,000
salmon have graduated from this program
to be released into Puget Sound. Judging
by the returns we see each year, and the
reports of local fishermen, this program has
been very successful."
"Oak Harbor was designated a 'bubble
fishery' by the Washington Department of
Fish and Wildlife because we have partici-
pated in the state's salmon-rearing project
for so many years. The waters inside Oak
Harbor Bay are left open for salmon fishing
year-round, even when local waters outside
the bay are closed."
Equipment sources
• Restroom barge: Impero Construc-
tion Company, 2041 East Bakerview
Road, Bellingham, WA 98226.
• Pumpouts: On barge: SeaLand
Technology, Inc., P.O. Box 38,
Fourth Street, Big Prairie, OH 44611.
• On fuel dock: Edson International,
460 Industrial Park Road, New
Bedford, MA 02745-1292.
• Boater environmental publication:
Sound Information: A Boaters Guide;
1994, Puget Sound Alliance, 130
Nickerson, Suite 107, Seattle, WA
98109.
• Floating breakwater: Wave Guard
system; Bellingham Marine Indus-
tries, Inc., 1001 C Street, P.O. Box 8,
Bellingham, WA 98227.
84
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19. Port Annapolis Marina
Screen Tarps Catch Paint Chips/Debris
Under Boat Repairs
Location: 7074 Bembe Beach Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21403-3698
Telephone: (410)269-1990 Fax:(410)269-5856
Interviewed: David Gohsman, General Manager
Owned by: Port Annapolis Marina, Inc.
Waterbody: Back Creek, Chesapeake Bay
Environmental change
All outdoor boat repair is done over
filter screen tarps that screen paint chips
and debris from runoff water, resulting in a
showplace marina.
The Marina
Port Annapolis Marina is a full-service
marina that is a home port for 285 boats
kept in slips and another 300 in boatyard
storage on land during the summer boating
season (total 585). The marina was 94%
occupied during the 1995 boating season.
Boats kept there are 85% sailboats and 15%
powerboats, ranging from 16 feet to 65 feet
LOA (average 40 feet). Transient dockage,
an important profit center in the Annapolis
area, is available. Most customers use the
marina year-round. During the boating
season there are 16 liveaboards. On a busy
weekend, about 15% of the boats are used,
with 10% occupied overnight.
Customer amenities include clean
restrooms, laundry, pool, and restaurant.
The boat services include sail rigging
repair, painting, electronic sales/service,
new boat sales, brokerage, and pumpout.
Boats are launched and hauled with a
hydraulic trailer, a crane, and two travel
lifts.
Port Annapolis Marina was built in 1965
and acquired by the present owners in 1977.
It has 15 full-time employees year-round
plus 4 part-timers during the summer.
Within a 2-mile radius, there are 4 other
marina facilities, all serving a combined
population of well over 5,000 boats.
Management measures
Port Annapolis Marina achieves the
marina management measures for storm
water runoff control and solid waste, as
well as water quality assessment, shoreline
stabilization, sewage facility, maintenance
of sewage facilities, liquid materials,
petroleum control, boat cleaning, and
public education.
Costs/benefits
During 1995, Port Annapolis Marina
spent approximately $2,000 for filter cloth
tarps that screen debris and solid waste
from water under boats being repaired
outdoors. That resulted in clear benefits of
increased slip rentals, public recognition,
cleaner grounds and water, and fewer flat
85
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19. Port Annapolis Marina
"The marina and its land-
stored boats are cleaner,
and I hear fewer complaints
of dirt on boats in the water."
tires. The marina saves an estimated
$3,500 in cleanup costs annually. The cost
of the filter cloth was recovered by selling
it to each boat being repaired. Less an
estimated $1,500 labor cost, Port Annapolis
saved an estimated $2,000 by investing in
these environmentally sound screen tarps.
Environmental improvements
Since September 1993, Port Annapolis
Marina has made major changes in its
practices, which have significantly reduced
runoff and suspended
solids pollution and have
made the facility a much
cleaner, nicer place for
boaters. With so many
boats stored on land
during the off-boating season, a lot of
bottom and exterior work is done outdoors
by the marina staff, outside contractors, and
do-it-yourself customers.
In past years we have had complaints
that the marina allowed people to paint
their boat or to sand with open sanders,
which created drifting dust that covered the
ground and nearby boats," said David
Gohsman. "Cleanup of boats and autos
when no clear responsible party could be
found cost the yard over $3,000 in 1993
and was zero in 1995."
"Port Annapolis Marina for several
years has required tarps under all boats
before being sanded or peeled (usually for
removal of a blistered outer gelcoat). We
had been using the usual plastic tarps,
which did a good job catching the debris.
But when it rained heavily, everything
flooded and ran off the tarp. I asked my
distributor for something which would hold
the dust and dirt but let water seep through.
He found some nonwoven, needle-punched
geotextile—the same filter cloth used
under- ground in construction—made by
Synthetic Industries. Since September
1994 Port Annapolis has spent $3,000 on
tarp purchases." Each 300-foot roll of the
nonwoven geotextile filter cloth costs $500,
and four rolls were used in 1995 for a total
cost of $2,000. "Most of this cost was
eventually recovered by charging $1.25 per
running foot of the 12-foot-wide geotextile
filter cloth."
"The marina and its land-stored boats
are cleaner, and I hear fewer complaints of
dirt on boats in the water. It cost us up to
$1,500 to clean some dirty boats in past
years. Estimated boat cleaning cost
avoided in 1995 was $3,000 to $4,000.
This translated into an estimated $2,000
saving of dollars and less labor to run the
marina!"
"The use of tarps has had some positive
side effects, such as catching old screws
and nails. The marina has almost no flat
tires on our autos and on the heavy equip-
ment," Gohsman said. "This has given the
boat owner a cleaner pad from which to
enter the boat. Less debris underfoot and
cleaner ladder rungs also mean we have had
fewer falls from boats off ladders, which
may be a side benefit."
"We lost some self-service business,
which was steered to other marinas by a
few marine contractors," stated Gohsman.
"But that was more than offset by custom-
ers very much happier with our cleaner
marina. Generally, there has been no loss
of income on environmental supplies sold.
They give us increased cooperation with
most customers commenting on a cleaner
marina. When our public image changed to
a marina that tries to 'do the right thing,'
this helped increase our slip rental opera-
tion."
Other improvements and
benefits
Port Annapolis Marina is like many
other marinas that are located next to
houses and condo developments built after
the boating facility. "With us now using
tarps, tents, and dustless equipment, these
folks are happy and much easier to coexist
with," wrote Gohsman.
"We suspended open-air paint spraying
weekends since 1994. Spraying during the
week must be preaumorized in writing and
86
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19. Port Annapolis Marina
must be tented to prevent blowing. Tenting
off boats is required during painting or
heavy sanding/peeling."
"To catch all the dust before it gets into
the air or on the ground, we bought three
Fein dustless sanders in early 1994 and
another three for the 1995 season. They
cost us $ 1,500 each. The dustless sander
program is operated at a profit due to rental
equipment. Boat owners paid about $ 1.00
per foot to rent the sanders per day, generat-
ing $9,520 rental income in 1995. The
equipment—all paid off, still under war-
ranty, and being written off in 3 years—
gives us a great profit maker almost as good
as our laundry machines!" Gohsman said.
"The usual marina joke in the spring
was 'Look at the blue Smurfs.' The boat
owners who enjoyed saving money and
doing their own bottom (usually blue) in
the past came to the ship's store generally
covered with blue bottom paint. They often
would not wear masks or eye protection.
Now they are eager to emulate the marina
worker who is in a white paper suit and is
using a dustless sanding rig with full face
protection."
"To control outside contractors, we
established an environmental agreement
that must be signed by each marine contrac-
tor who wants to work in the yard,"
Gohsman explained. "This agreement with
the marina has had strong side effects and
some push back. We have stood our ground
and the number of contractors in the yard
has dropped from about 95 to 48. Many of
the 47 who went elsewhere, with 2 or 3
exceptions, were marginal workers doing
business out of older vans or pickups. This
may have cost us some business, but there
is no real way to tell with the recession
[1989-1993] having the effect it did on
customers."
Port Annapolis Marina also lost 45 boat
customers when the environmental agree-
ment went into effect, "but these were
customers who were not as interested in a
clean marina as those who stayed, and we
soon rented those slips to new customers,"
Gohsman said with a smile. "I suspect that
the cleaner environment has an attraction
and the example of tents and dustless
equipment is contagious. Cars and win-
dows are visibly cleaner."
Other environmental improvements
include installing a pumpout station in 1988
with a grant from the State of Maryland.
The pumpout cost $2,500. The service is
free for slip customers and $2.00 for others,
and the marina did 309 pumpouts in 1995.
The pumpout is located on a pier T-head
and is operated by marina staff.
Port Annapolis Marina has a designated
hull work area in the boatyard away from
the water. It has filters and traps to control
solids from the hull pressure wash area.
There is oil spill cleanup equipment kept
handy in the storage area near the lift well.
Recycling is done for cans, bottles, batter-
ies, and used oil.
"Local and federal regulators come here
as if we were a 'showplace' and bring
others for a look," said Gohsman. "Chesa-
peake Bay magazine, based on customer
polls, gave Port Annapolis Marina the 'Best
Repair Yard in Annapolis' Award in both
1994 and 1995."
Equipment source
• Filter cloth, heavyweight geotextile:
#701 nonwoven, needle-punched
geotextile; Synthetic Industries, Inc.,
4019 Industry Drive, Chattanooga,
TN37416.
Port Annapolis Marina
places a reusable filter
cloth beneath boats under
repair, (photo by Port
Annapolis Marina)
87
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20. Puerto Del Rey Marina
Clean Water Attracts Customers
Location: State Road #3, Km 51.4, P.O. Box 1186,
Fajardo, Puerto Rico 00738
Telephone: (809)860-1000 Fax: (809)860-7592
Interviewed: Daniel Shelley, President
Owned by: Daniel Shelley, Puerto del Rey, Inc.
Waterbody: Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean Sea
Environmental change
Improved water circulation resulted
after this Caribbean island marina opened a
breachway in its solid breakwater.
The world class marina
"Puerto del Rey" means "king's port" in
Spanish and demonstrates owner and
developer Daniel Shelley's plan to build a
marina with strong linkage to Puerto Rico's
colonial heritage. Now the Caribbean's
newest, largest full-service marina, Puerto
Del Rey is a major boating gateway to the
Virgin Islands and the Lesser Antilles.
Completed in 1988, this "king's port" in
1995 was operating at near its capacity of
700 slips on concrete fixed piers and 450
covered dry racks for smaller boats three-
high, with extra spaces along piers and at
anchor for transient boats.
On an ocean-exposed beach pounded by
storm waves from the east, Shelley first
constructed an offshore graded stone rubble
mound, 1,600 feet long. With 3-ton armor
stones, the solid breakwater sits in water 20
feet deep and rises to 11 feet above mean
high water at its top. The breakwater runs
north to south, parallel to the beach, and
was originally connected to the land with
another 1,600-foot stone rubble mound
jetty—in a shape somewhat like the letter
L—which also protected the southeast
exposure. The structures met their first
major test when Hurricane Hugo's eye
passed directly over a half-full Puerto del
Rey in 1989. Hugo extensively damaged
other marinas on eastern Puerto Rico before
moving on to damage the U.S. mainland.
However, Shelley's massive breakwater and
reinforced concrete piers successfully
survived with no structural damage, only
5% of the boats sunk, and moderate damage
to others—a testament to Shelley's insis-
tence on major protection and the design of
Moffatt & Nichol Engineers.
About 80% of Puerto del Rey's custom-
ers are Puerto Rican residents who make
the marina their home port. It is also a
destination marina and a stop-off for
transients from other ports and countries.
Open year-round, the marina's busiest
boating season is from October through
April. Only 30 of the 1,150 boats are used
as liveaboard residences. Boats range in
size from 30 feet up to 150-foot yachts.
In addition to slips and rack storage,
Puerto del Rey Marina offers a wide and
unique mix of other services—unusual in
the Caribbean. For boat care, there is a full-
88
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20. Puerto Del Rey Marina
service boatyard that moves boats with a
combination of a 60-ton hydraulic trailer, a
77-ton travel lift, and three marina forklift
trucks. Maintenance services include
painting and repairs to hulls, fiberglass, and
engines. A fuel dock with pumpout is
available at the harbormaster's pier, near
the marina's south entrance, which also
houses the U.S. Customs Service Office.
One separate section of the marina is
available for commercial fishing boat use
and a ferry to St. Thomas. The Puerto Rico
Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is
using a building for its Regional Fisheries
Office and has its own dock for its small
research vessels. There are no other marinas
within a radius of 2 miles, and there is a
combined fleet of nearly 2,000 recreational
boats in the Fajardo area.
For boaters' comfort, extra-wide fixed
(nonfloating) piers accommodate a large
number of people walking and motorized
carts driven by marina staff who ferry
people to and from parking lots to their boat
slips as far 1,200 feet seaward. Excellent
restrooms and showers are available to all
boaters and guests, as are a laundry, four
restaurants, vending machines, a used boat
brokerage, a ship's store, a car rental
agency, an open air plaza, a children's
playground, a heliport, and condo apart-
ments with some available for rent. The
Puerto del Rey Yacht Club helps to orga-
nize boating events and educational pro-
grams.
"First-class" is inadequate to describe
this marina, which is more "world-class" in
its design, construction, amenities, services,
and management. But this is just the
beginning of a much larger full-service
resort and coastal land development project
planned. Interestingly, Shelley decided to
build the marina first as the cornerstone to
the rest of the project. Just as the first
Spanish settlers always built settlements at
the harbor, so here establishing the port was
of primary importance.
I If,
•*--*, ii'.a -al
'^#^^ll7 4*1
~ "^K^U-,*' IB T «3
* MARINE SANCTUARY
J"S"aHna P™1** 'ood and
other waste
•,-ta».'
Management measures
Puerto del Rey Marina achieves the
marina management measure for marina
flushing, as well as the measures for water
quality assessment, shoreline stabilization,
storm water runoff control, fueling station
design, sewage facility, maintenance of
sewage facilities, solid waste, liquid
materials, petroleum control, boat cleaning,
and public education.
Cost/benefits
Removal of a 200-foot section of the
1,600-foot stone rubble mound jetty cost
$30,000. The new breachway offers a south
exit from/entrance to the marina and
provides better flushing for the waters
enclosed by the breakwater. In 1995 an
estimated 3% more boats came to Puerto
del Rey Marina because of its superior
water clarity, resulting in an additional
annual gross income of $50,000.
"Dump.nothing
overboard—marina
sanctuary" sign, posted
in Spanish and English.
-------
20. Puerto Del Rey Marina
" I estimate that Puerto del Rey
specifically attracted 3% more
boats, which relocated here
because of the water clarity. And
that represents an annual gross
income of $50,000 in 1995."
Openings in the far
corner of the 1,600 foot
long solid rock
breakwater gives
excellent hurricane
protection and allows
improved water
circulation and boating
access.
Environmental improvements
Puerto del Rey Marina removed 200 feet
from the outermost end of its 1,600-foot
stone rubble mound jetty connection to the
offshore breakwater. It cost $30,000 for a
dragline crane and labor to remove the
stone and gravel down 20
feet to the original seabed.
The material was placed
on the breakwater for extra
thickness and protection.
The breachway was
opened for two reasons: to
give boats a more pro-
tected south entrance when the wind waves
were coming from the northeast, and to
allow better water circulation. "I was afraid
that without the opening, the marina basin
would have the same cloudy appearance as
most of the other marinas around us," said
Shelley. "I want the cleanest, safest marina
anywhere."
Once the opening was made and the
docks began to fill, "People visited from
other marinas and liked our clean water. I
estimate that Puerto del Rey specifically
attracted 3% more boats, which relocated
here because of the water clarity. And that
represents an annual gross income of
$50,000 in 1995." If the cost of making the
*~-3* -S»,- >fegg~:im-<•-.« - -Fiamraa
opening in the breakwater is amortized over
20 years at a 5% interest rate, its annual
write-off cost would be $2,400, which
reduces the net return to $47,600. "Not too
bad!" said a smiling Dan Shelley.
Other benefits
Most of the natural sloping sandy beach
was left undeveloped to retain much of the
original shoreline and to help dissipate any
waves that might enter the marina or be
caused by boat wake. One unanticipated
environmental advantage is that floating
trash and seaweed, instead of accumulating
in slips or in the boatyard, wash onto the
beach at the high tide line and can be easily
cleaned up by marina staff.
The Puerto Rico DNR Fisheries Office,
in cooperation with the marina, rescues
injured sea turtles, which has also become a
popular event for the boaters and public.
Signs, in English and Spanish, explain
the importance of keeping the marina clean.
Some of the sign language came directly
from a spring 1995 Marine Environmental
Management Workshop—one of a nation-
wide educational series sponsored by the
International Marina Institute.
"Puerto del Rey will have the only
working pumpout in the entire Caribbean
Sea," claimed Shelley. "We have been
approved for a Clean Vessel Act pumpout
grant to expand our existing boat sewage
handling capabilities as a demonstration
project for other marina owners in Puerto
Rico." He hopes to have the pumpout
completed for the 1995-96 peak "winter"
boating season. Pumpouts will be free.
The boatyard will be moved inland
about 1,000 yards onto a vacant industrial
yard, possibly during 1996. This move will
reduce the chance of boat repair pollutants
from reaching the sea to almost zero. And it
will free the waterfront for other, cleaner
boating services and amenities. The now
full dry storage racks will also be expanded,
to double their capacity, allowing more
small boats to use the marina without the
need for annual bottom painting.
90
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21. Sumrnerfield Boat Works, Inc.
Wash Water Recycled Without Chemicals
Location: 1500 S.W. 17th Street, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33312
Telephone: (954)525-4726 Fax:(954)525-8613
Interviewed: Tom Correll, General Manager
Owned by: Susan Sumrnerfield Watts
Waterbody: South Fork of the New River
Environmental change
Boat pressure-wash water is filtered,
treated with ozone—not chemicals—then
recycled.
The full-service boatyard
Sumrnerfield Boat Works, Inc., is
primarily a private commercial boatyard
with full and do-it-yourself services. It has
100 slips (60 covered) and 40 land storage
spaces (total capacity of 140). Sixty
percent of the boats are sailboats and 40%
are powerboats, ranging from 21 to 82 feet
LOA (average about 40 feet). There are 20
full-time employees year-round and up to 4
additional employees during the prime
boating season, October through June.
In addition to offering storage,
Summerfield Boat Works caters to seasonal
and transient visitors. On a busy weekend,
about 30% of the boats are used.
Restrooms and showers are available to
customers. No liveaboards are allowed.
The marina provides haulout and launching
with its travel lift, crane, and forklift.
Repair services include work on fiberglass,
hulls, and engines; sail rigging; painting;
canvas/sail making; electronics; welding;
carpentry; and hull cleaning. The marina
also has a retail parts store, used boat
brokerage, pumpout station, and cold
beverage stand.
Fort Lauderdale calls itself the "Yacht-
ing Capital of the World," and from the
numbers of boats and marina facilities, it
certainly has earned that title—which
means that competition for services is high.
Within a 2-mile radius of Summerfield
Boat Works there are 10 other marinas and
boatyards, all serving a boat population of
up to 4,000 vessels. Summerfield was built
in 1933 and bought by the Summerfield
family in 1940. The yard is located in a
residential area that was built after the
facility.
Management measures
Summerfield Boat Works achieves the
marina management measures for storm
water runoff control and solid waste, as
well as sewage facility, maintenance of
sewage facilities, liquid materials, petro-
leum control, boat cleaning, and public
education.
Costs/benefits
Summerfield Boat Works spent $30,075
to change its boat bottom wash process into
91
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21. Summer-field Boat Works, Inc.
"Now that we treat the water
and reuse it, we are really
saving water, and saving the
$500 it would have cost us."
a closed water-recycling system. Amor-
tized over 10 years, the annual cost of the
system is $3,895. The operation and
maintenance cost was $3,800 in 1995. New
income generated from 150 boats hauled
for bottom cleaning was $18,750, plus an
additional $75,000 in work orders. Filter-
ing and reusing wash water saved 24,000
gallons of water, resulting in an estimated
saving of $500 in water bills. The net
benefit of the investment to Summerfield
during 1995 was estimated to be over
$86,000.
Environmental improvements
Summerfield Boat Works is an older
boatyard that has begun transforming itself
into a clean business. The first changes
were conversion of the boat high-pressure
wash-down process and elimination of in-
water hull cleaning. A common practice
across the United States was to allow all the
bottom washwater, containing fouling
growth and paint flecks, to discharge
directly into the waterway. When Broward
County, Florida, focused on marinas and
boatyards, one regulation
required the elimination of
this discharge or a shut-
down of bottom washing.
"In the fall of 1991, it
cost the yard $30,075 to
make appropriate changes
to clean the wash water for reuse," Tom
Correll said. "We bought a $7,000 water
filtering system, including an ultraviolet
light ozone generator to oxidize all the
dissolved pollutants and erase all odor. By
choosing ozone to treat the water, the Boat
Works eliminated the need to use chemi-
cals, with their extra cost and hazards."
"We spent $5,000 on labor and $18,000
for the concrete pad and landscaping, plus
$75 for a building permit. John Lee,
Summerfield Yard Superintendent, really is
the one who did the engineering and
assembly to make our bottom wash recycle
system work."
Annual operation and maintenance costs
for this system are $1,000 for filter replace-
ment, $300 for pump parts, and $2,500 in
labor, for a total of $3,800 in 1995.
"We annually clean about 1,200 bottoms
per year. Of these, new income was
generated from 104 boats hauled for yacht
surveys and 46 boats that would have been
in-water bottom cleaning before, earning
$18,750 above previous years. And those
same boats generated an additional $75,000
in work orders. I figure that new work was
worth a total of $93,750 in 1995."
"We used about 20 gallons of fresh
water when washing a bottom, or 24,000
gallons per year," added Correll. "Now that
we treat the water and reuse it, we are really
saving water, and saving the $500 it would
have cost us."
"Without the ozone treatment, the water
would have gone bad and smelled. I urge
anybody thinking about doing this to buy
state-of-the-art equipment rather than
making it themselves," added Correll. "By
recycling, we are not discharging an
estimated 24,000 gallons of wastewater into
the river each year. Customers can get their
bottoms done here legally, and we have had
a good impact on the river's water quality.
This has increased our revenues and gives
us good references to new customers. And
by having us comply, we make government
look good when they point to the results of
their legislation and enforcement."
All do-it-yourself boat maintenance
work is done in designated areas of the yard
set back from the bulkhead. Customers
receive several handouts that discuss the
need to control pollution.
In order to assist with Broward County
Office of Natural Resource Protection
policy regarding dust emission as well as to
help keep the neighborhood and environ-
ment as clean as possible, this facility asks
your help in controlling the sanding and
grinding dust generated during haul out....
Whenever any grinding is to be per-
formed, it will be necessary to drape the
92
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21. Summerfie/d Boat Works, Inc.
work area with tarps in order to prevent the
dust from migrating into the air....
Please, do not wash down your sanding
dust. Damp rag your hull and vacuum the
ground, as required or requested.
Customers are asked to sweep the dust
from their work areas daily. Prohibited
from the yard are wet sanding of boat
bottoms, and wet or dry sandblasting. "I
bought a used commercial riding vacuum
machine, which I drive throughout the yard
every day to pick up any dust and bits of
litter. All these new practices do result in
cleaner water and neighborhood environ-
ment," said Correll.
Other improvements and
benefits
Summerfield Boat Works has taken a
number of steps to help keep the water
clean. Restrooms were recently upgraded.
With much of the boat maintenance work
do-it-yourself, Summerfield uses flyers and
signs to educate customers and outside
contractors.
All boats hauled for bottom pressure
washing are charged an Environmental Cost
Obligation (ECO) above the normal hauling
cost. The ECO fee is on a sliding scale:
$15 for boats under 35 feet, $20 for boats
35 to 44 feet, $25 for'boats 45 to 54 feet,
and a top fee of $30 for boats 55 feet and
larger.
"This facility is required by law to
comply with sound environmental proce-
dures. By charging the wash water fee,
Summerfield's is trying to recoup some of
the increased costs of compliance with the
various regulations. Even though the yard
is required to comply with the regulations
and management fees, it is important for
each to do their share in protecting Florida
waters. It also allows the yard to update
our equipment and practices prior to being
legislated to do so."
Waste oil is collected and recycled.
Customers are warned that any oil dis-
charge is prohibited and "anyone not
complying will be promptly reported to the
Coast Guard and EPA." Summerfield
removed its old fuel tanks and no longer
offers fuel sales.
Drinking .water supply is a major
concern in South Florida, and Summerfield
Boat Works asks customers to conserve
water by limiting boat washing to once a
week. "All hoses must have shutoff
nozzles attached when in use. All connec-
tions must be tight and not leak or drip."
While most of the boatyard was paved
many years ago, Correll decided to add a
new parking area across the street, and built
it unpaved with perimeter landscaping to fit
into the neighborhood.
Aluminum cans are collected and
recycled for cash. That money goes into a
special employees account used for Christ-
mas bonuses. It has created great employee
interest in recycling. Paper, batteries, and
metal are also recycled reducing the volume
that goes to the county landfill.
An enthusiastic customer of the
boatyard made a promotional video that
The closed-loop filter and
water purification system
includes ozone treatment,
beside the Summerfield
Boat Works' wash down
pad.
93
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21. Summerfield Boat Works, Inc.
highlights the cleanliness of the boatyard
and the quality of boat services. The
Marine Industries Association of South
Florida often refers to Summerfield's as a
model operation. Tom Correll is justifiably
proud of the clean practices he has imple-
mented at Summerfield Boat Works.
Equipment source
• Ozone equipment: Genesis Environ-
mental Systems, Inc., 1101 South
Rogers Circle #16, Boca Raton, FL
33487.
Alternative source: Turbohydrozone;
RGF Marine Environmental Tech-
nologies, Inc., 3875 Fiscal Court,
West Palm Beach, FL 33404.
• Bilge oil pad: Bilge Buddy; Ad-
vanced Aquatic Products Interna-
tional, Inc., 1107 Key Plaza, Suite
201, Key West, FL 33040.
Summerfield Boat Works'
vacuum sweeper picks up
debris and dirt from boat
maintenance areas.
94
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22. West Access Marina
Used Oil Recycled to Heat Boat Repair Building
Location: 14222 Lake Road, P.O. Box 186, Carlyle, Illinois 62231
Telephone: (618)594-2461 Fax: (618)594-2226
Interviewed: Richard W. Golding, CMM, General Manager, Partner
Owned by: Carlyle Limited Partnership, dba West Access Marina
Waterbody: Carlyle Lake, Kaskaskia River
Environmental change
A high-temperature oil burner consumes
oil collected from servicing boats and
marina vehicles and heats a work building,
thus avoiding high costs for both oil
disposal and energy.
The full-service inland lake
marina
West Access Marina is a U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers concession home port
marina with 330 slips and 170 dry land
spaces for boats on trailer storage. During
the 1995 boating season, with annual slip
rentals from April 1 through March 31, the
slips were 98% sold out and the land
storage 50% used. Boats range from 17 to
50 feet LOA (average 26.7 feet). Unlike
most marinas, 92% of the boats are sail-
boats. In addition to seasonal slips, the
marina also provides transient space for
visiting boaters. The marina has a yacht
club, boat rentals, used boat brokerage,
trailer sales, retail store, fuel dock, and
pumpout. A public beach and boat ramp are
within 300 feet of the marina. On a busy
summer weekend, typically 50% of the
boats are used, with about 30% used for
overnight stays. There are no liveaboards at
West Access.
Marina services include launch and
haulout using the marina's hydraulic trailer
and marina railway. Sailboats can be
hauled, stored, and launched with the mast
up. Repairs are done to hulls, fiberglass,
engines, sail/rigging, painting, electronics,
and welding. Land storage is also available
for customer's cradles, trailers, and jack
stands. There are no other marina facilities
within a 2-mile radius, but there are almost
750 boats in use in the area that potentially
need service at West Access Marina.
Called "Illinois's other Great Lake,"
Carlyle Lake, an inland lake, is located in
southern Illinois about 45 miles due east of
St. Louis, Missouri, and about 260 miles
southwest of Chicago. It was created by the
Corps of Engineers in 1967 for flood
control, recreation, and navigation on the
lower Kaskaskia River. West Access
Marina was built in 1971 and was bought
by the present owners in 1990.
Because Carlyle Lake is the principal
drinking water resource for the City of
Carlyle and other communities down-
stream, maintaining high water quality in
the lake is essential for the marina and all
other users.
95
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22. West Access Marina
Used engine oil is saved
(is a fuel by West Access
Marina, (photo by West
Access Marina)
Management measures
West Access Marina provides for the
collection and reuse of liquid materials,
and achieves the marina management
measures for water quality assessment,
habitat assessment, storm water runoff
control, sewage facility, maintenance of
sewage facilities, solid waste, petroleum
control, boat cleaning, and public educa-
tion.
Costs/benefits
West Access Marina invested $7,000 to
buy and install a used oil furnace and
spends $300 annually to heat its boat
maintenance building in the winter. By
doing so, West Access Marina created a
new profit center that earned $9,495 from
additional boat repairs, saved $ 1,095 in
heating oil costs, and avoided $9,099 in
waste oil removal/disposal costs in 1994-
95.
Environmental improvements
Each year, West Access Marina's boat
engine maintenance services collect be-
tween 1,000 and 2,000 gallons of waste oil.
Getting rid of that waste material is a costly
problem that faces most marina and
boatyard operations. "We eliminated the
disposal problem and cost by burning the
oil in a new high-temperature furnace in
our boat repair building," Richard Golding
explained. "It was installed in October 1993
at the suggestion of my yard foreman. It
hangs from the ceiling of our 60-foot by 60-
foot shop and keeps the boats warm enough
to work on them throughout the winter's
cold. The used oil (now fuel) is stored in a
1,000-gallon drum, but is collected in
smaller barrels in designated storage sites in
the work yard. Before we installed the
furnace, the shop was unheated and work
could only be done on warmer days. Now
we have a year-round boat maintenance
business."
The Clean Burn multi-oil furnace burns
at 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit, uses a com-
pressor to vaporize the fuel, and shoots a
flame almost 3 feet long. "Because of the
high temperature, it burns very clean,"
observed Golding, "and nothing comes out
the stack." According to the manufacturer,
such furnaces are allowed to be used in all
states except California. They can burn a
mix of petroleum products with some
solvents as long as none of the products
have been labeled hazardous by a manufac-
turer.
The furnace and air compressor cost
$4,100, plus $2,900 labor, for a total of
$7,000. The burner cleaning contract costs
$187, which together with $113 in filters,
compressor electricity, and labor results in a
total annual operating cost of $300.
"Every 55-gallon barrel of waste oil
costs $283 to be removed and disposed of
properly, plus $54 for a replacement
barrel—$337 per barrel," Golding calcu-
lated, "or $6.13 per gallon."
"During the 1994-95 winter we col-
lected and burned 1,500 gallons from our
work, yielding $9,099 waste oil removal
cost avoided. We recycled the oil into heat
energy for a nice $1,095 fuel saving (aver-
age $0.73/gal). We do need to buy more
heating fuel, however, because our shop
burns more oil than we produce. We expect
96
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22. West Access Marina
to save even more from collecting and
burning an estimated 2,000 gallons of waste
oil during the 1995-96 winter."
"The extra boat work we did on days
previously too cold for work, I estimate,
generated $9,495 new income. We really
created a winter repair profit center we
never had before. Between savings and new
work, we came out ahead by $ 19,689," said
a proud Golding.
"Since the winter of 1993, we have
insulated the walls and put a ceiling in the
now-heated building. When not repairing
boats, we have rebuilt two tractors, rebuilt
the lawn mower, and replaced two hydrau-
lic cylinders on the trailer while rebuilding
its axles. These were all done during the
winter months in a building that was
unused before because it had no heat
source."
"Beside the savings, the waste oil is no
longer a problem, and we don't find sur-
prises in the dumpsters with obvious
environmental benefits. People now come
to the lake and say it looks cleaner—and it
is. A clean marina helps boating customers,
families, and friends enjoy boating here."
"There are eight other waste oil burners
in other businesses around the area,"
Golding added. Many states allow burning
waste oil collected as part of the normal
business operations from work on boat
engines and the yard's own cars and trucks.
Interestingly, if oil collected during this
work is placed in a barrel labeled "fuel oil"
for heat, it is viewed very differently by
regulatory agencies than oil labeled "waste
oil." For every gallon of used oil burned as
fuel, West Access Marina saves $6.86
($6.13 removal/disposal and $0.73 new
heating fuel purchase avoided).
Other improvements and
benefits
West Access Marina practices positive
public education. "We send an environmen-
tal fact pamphlet annually to all customers
which talks about protecting the lake,
antifreeze as a poison, pumpouts, recycling,
waste disposal, and vacuum sanding."
About oil, it says,
Any oily sheen on the water is pollution.
Soap or bilge cleaner changes the molecular
structure, but does not
mean it is no longer a
pollutant—it just makes it
heavier than water and it
settles to the bottom. Let
us show you what is
available to protect our
Lake and the environment.
Please don't overfill your fuel tanks or
pump oily water from your bilge into our
Lake. The Bosun's Locker has oil absorbent
pads that allow correct disposal.
On each dumpster in the marina, all four
sides have a sign:
West Access Marina. Promotes and
participates in the 'Clean Marina'
program. Please let us assist you
with the proper disposal of batter-
ies, paints and solvents, oils, fuels
and the filters for these items.
Thank You.
"We keep trying to improve our marina.
Making a clean marina is a daily task," said
Golding. "We have made many changes,
such as installing a free self-serve pumpout
and a portable toilet dump station, and
upgraded our restrooms. To control runoff,
we changed the contour of the marina with
grassy berms, permeable parking lots, and a
designated hull work area. Our fueling dock
was improved with new spill prevention
practices and added spill containment gear.
Boats are urged to use oil-absorbing pads in
their bilges. In addition to the oil, we
recycle wood, metals, and foam flotation
from old docks. Boat batteries are collected
and immediately handed to a nearby auto
parts store, which gives us a $5.00 credit
per battery for recycling."
As with many marinas that allow do-it-
yourself boat repairs, West Access Marina
insists on the use of dustless sanders as a
major BMP against dirty runoff. The
marina's brochure highlights the need for
"Before we installed the furnace,
the shop was unheated and work
could only be done on warmer
days. Now we have a year-round
boat maintenance business."
97
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22. West Access Marina
Winter boat repairs are
made possible by burning
used oil in a special
approved oil heater at
West Access Marina.
(photo by West Access
Marina)
using vacuum sanding. Two Fein dustless
sanders are available for rent by customers
for $5.00 per hour, plus sanding disks. "We
are considering buying a third sander
because they pay for themselves with
rental, plus we make 40% profit on the
sanding disks and other supplies."
All other waste liquids not burnable as
fuel are put into marked barrels and picked
up regularly by Safety Kleen, a nationwide
commercial service. West Access Marina
was the first marina in Illinois to get an
NPDES storm water permit.
"I estimate that our clean marina image
brings in an extra $50,000 gross in repair
work each year, and helps explain why we
are 98% occupied even though we have the
highest slip rate on the lake. Our relations
with the city are very good, but were not
always good before we came. The Chamber
of Commerce promotes our marina as
valuable to the development of the area,"
Golding explained. "We are a nicer place to
work, and have no trouble keeping employ-
ees and customers."
As a concessionaire on Corps of Engi-
neers property, West Access Marina has a
good image, especially for environmental
practices. The Corps uses it for ERGO
(Environmental Review Guide for Opera-
tors) training as a benchmark marina. The
Carlyle Lake Management office manager,
Robert Wilkins, wrote: "West Access
Marina is one of the best run marinas I have
been associated with in my 21 years with
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. If all
marina operators were as committed as Mr.
Golding, there would be no need for laws
or regulations covering marina operations.
He takes care of the environment and his
customers."
This demonstrates that clean water,
clean marinas, and clean boating start with
good owners and managers like Richard
Golding. West Access Marina is definitely
an asset to its area.
Equipment source
• Used multi-oil furnace: Clean Burn,
Inc., 83 South Groffdale Road,
Leola, PA 17540.
• Hazardous waste removal: Safety
Kleen, Inc., 1000 North Randall
Road, Elgin, IL 60123-7857.
98
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23. Winter Yacht Basin, Inc.
Personal Watercraft Fueling Made Spill-proof
Location: 5 Mantoloking Road, Mantoloking, New Jersey 08738
Telephone: (908)477-6700 Fax: (908)477-0037
Interviewed: Kenneth R. Winter, President
Owned by: Kenneth R. Winter
Waterbody: Barnegat Bay, Intracoastal Waterway
Environmental change
Installing a special floating raft for
personal watercraft at the marina's fuel
dock virtually eliminated spills during
fueling of the small boats.
The full-service marina and
boatyard
This New Jersey boatyard was pur-
chased in 1950 by Rudolph and Lydia
Winter and became Winter Yacht Basin,
Inc.—a full-service boatyard and builder of
wooden Jersey Sea Skiffs, with dockage.
Over the years the business has evolved
into a 110-slip, full-service marina and
boatyard, now owned and managed by the
Winters' son Ken. The boatyard employs
21 full-time workers year-round, with an
additional 4 part-timers during the boating
season. The average boat kept in this home
port marina is 40 feet LOA; lengths range
from 18 feet to 65 feet. Twenty-five percent
are sailboats, and 75% are powerboats.
In 1995, the marina was 70% occupied
for the season, with the remaining space
available for docking transients cruising the
Intracoastal Waterway. On a typical high-
use summer weekend, about 60% of the
boats were in use, with about 25% occupied
overnight. There were no liveaboards. The
boating season typically runs from April to
November.
Sited beside a bridge, the yacht basin is
on the narrow Intracoastal Waterway
channel, ideally located for gas and diesel
sales at its fixed fuel dock. A self-serve
pumpout station is available adjacent to the
super-clean restrooms. A ship's store,
laundry, and yacht brokerage round out the
marina services.
The boatyard services include haulout/
launching with a travel lift, forklift, and
marina railway. The full range of repair
services include fiberglass, hulls, engines,
electrical, sailboat rigging, wood work,
custom cabinet making, painting, and
bottom cleaning.
Prior to purchase by the Winters, the
boatyard had been a boat-building company
since 1928. Within a 2-mile radius there are
3 other marinas, all serving an estimated
1,500 boats.
Management measures
Winter Yacht Basin achieves the marina
management measure for fueling station
design, as well as the measures for shore-
line stabilization,' storm water runoff
control, sewage facility, maintenance of
sewage facilities, solid waste, liquid
materials, petroleum control, boat cleaning,
and public education.
99
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22. Winter Yacht Basin, Inc.
Winter Yacht Basin owner
Ken Winter keeps spill
control equipment handy
at the fuel dock.
Costs/benefits
Winter Yacht Basin's two new personal
watercraft drive-on docks cost $3,138
installed, but brought in $6,370 extra fuel
income just in the first boating season.
They virtually eliminated the small fuel
spills that had occurred at most fill-ups.
With an amortized annual cost of $406,
plus a maintenance cost of $400, the net
1995 income was $5,560.
Environmental improvements
Having a well-located fuel dock, Winter
Yacht Basin attracts boats of all types and
sizes, from small personal watercraft
(PWCs) up to large yachts cruising the
waterway. But with such a mix of boats
being serviced, Ken Winter said, "Frankly, I
was not happy with PWCs for two reasons:
• When large boats arrived to buy 500
to 1,000 gallons of fuel, the dock
often was occupied with a couple of
personal watercraft buying only 5
gallons each, and we had to keep the
big boat waiting.
• Environmentally, with the small
PWCs rocking from side to side, it
was nearly impossible to fill them
without some fuel spilling, and they
often got some water in their fuel
tanks."
"We solved both problems in May 1995
by buying and installing two SportPort
drive-on docks at the east end of our fuel
pier. These were primarily made to store jet
skis and wave runner boats up and out of
water. But we thought they would work
well at our fuel dock. Our two 4-foot by
10.5-foot floats, bolted side by side, were
connected to PVC pipes to allow them to
ride up and down with the tide," Winter
explained.
"When a PWC arrives to buy gasoline,
the usually young driver nudges the bow
onto the front of the float, gives it the gas,
and the craft rides up completely onto the
dry polyethylene platform. The operator
steps off the boat onto the dock, is handed
the fuel nozzle, and fills the small tank
without any spilling because it so stable.
When done, the driver mounts the PWC,
starts the motor, and leans way back, and
the boat slides into the water."
"The best part for me is that we placed
those drive-on floats at the end of our fuel
pier, which is too narrow for large boats to
use. All the conflicts at the big boat fuel
dock are gone. Because the PWC users find
our drive-on floats so easy and fun to use,
they come from all over, and we are selling
much more fuel to them. And since virtu-
ally all the fuel spills have stopped, we
have no cleanup costs."
The two SportPort floats were purchased
for $1,600 in 1995. The cost for installing
them was $1,158 for labor, plus $380 for a
separate sign. "We haul out these docks for
the winter and launch them in the spring.
Thus our maintenance cost is about $400.
When we figured it out, we sold $6,366
more fuel to PWCs than we did last year!"
a smiling Winter exclaimed. "And we'll
probably do better next year. Now I like the
personal watercraft business."
Other improvements and
benefits
The first impression one gets visiting
Winter Yacht Basin is how ultra neat and
100
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22. Winter Yacht Basin, Inc.
clean it is. The grounds are immaculate. No
litter can be found anywhere. The restrooms
sparkle. Many pretty flower beds are
scattered around the facility—all well-
tended and in colorful bloom. To do this the
yard has one full-time, year-round em-
ployee who only cleans the grounds,
buildings, gardens, and work areas. Winter
said, We make this a nice place to come to."
The second impression is the range of
17 different sized buildings scattered about
the property. One is the main office and
ship's store, while the others are for either
indoor boat repair or storage. Every one is
neat and clean. "More and more customers
want good repairs and service, but done in
environmentally friendly ways," said
Winter. "A boat is a further expression of
one's personality, and the owner of a $ 1.3
million Hatteras doesn't want messy work.
My employees are thinking cleaner and that
is reflected in higher-quality work. For
example, I find that a mechanic who works
cleaner is generally more detail-conscious.
Our customers know when they come here
that they will pay for clean, quality work,
but they also know they will not need to
come back to have the job done again to
make it right."
The yard's underground fuel tanks were
removed and replaced in 1993 with above-
ground tanks set in concrete containment.
Winter said, "I expect all the fuel tank
replacement to have payout in 8 years."
The marina has a spill control plan
available in the main office, with copies in
the fuel dock house, parts manager's office,
and yard office. Spill control booms are
easily accessible on the fuel dock from
brightly colored fiberglass lockers formerly
used for ship life rafts. For easy access,
cleanup pads are available in the dock
house there, while three emergency re-
sponse bags are waiting in the parts
manager's office for bigger spills, along
with the emergency response handbook.
Oil, antifreeze, and waste oil containers are
stored indoors within bermed containment
areas. Regular yard maintenance is con-
ducted to ensure all used and unused
supplies are returned or disposed of in a
proper manner. Until Ken Winter decides
on a long-term solution to control sus-
pended solid runoff from the hull pressure-
washing area, he is effectively using a row
of common hay bales, which are very good
temporary filters. Storm drains are being
fitted with 1/4-inch mesh
hardware cloth baskets
with inserted filter mate-
rial.
All employees and
customers receive a copy
of Winter Yacht Basin's
best management practices
(BMP) and sign a release
that they have read and understood the
BMPs. Awareness training programs are
held several times a year to teach yard
employees to recognize sources of pollution
and report them to their supervisors.
"We have always had the reputation of a
clean boatyard, but we are even cleaner
now." And Ken Winter has a list of several
more ways he plans to improve the
marina's environmental impacts over the
next few years.
Equipment source
• PWC drive on dock: SportPort;
manufactured by Zeppelin Marine
1801 Spanish Trail, Delray, FL 33483.
Personal watercraft were
a problem at Winter Yacht
Haven until two side-by-
side drive-on docks were
installed on Barnegat
Bay, New Jersey.
"Because the PWC users find our
drive-on floats so easy and fun, they
come from all over, and we are
selling much more fuel to them. And
since virtually all the fuel spills have
stopped, we have no cleanup costs."
101
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24. Brewer Yacht Yards
Largest Boatyard Chain in U.S. Goes Green
Location:
Chain office:
Telephone:
Interviewed:
Owned by:
States:
15 boatyards/marinas in the Northeast
155 East Boston Post Road, Mamaroneck, New York 10543
(914)698-0295 Fax: (914)698-6203
John D. (Jack) Brewer, President
Brewer Yacht Yard Group
New York (3)*, Connecticut (6), Rhode Island (4),
Massachusetts (1), Maine (1)
"Numbers in parentheses refer to the number of marinas in a state
or on a waterbody.
Environmental change
Environmental changes, promoted and
supported by the owner, have advanced the
nation's largest full-service boatyard chain
into a leadership position in the marina
industry for its care of customers and boats,
clean water, and profits.
The full-service boatyard/
marina chain
Fifteen Brewer yacht yards, which form
the nation's largest full-service boatyard
chain, are located in five northeastern
states, on 10 major waterbodies from Maine
to New York. All are located in a coastal
string, with each less than an hour's drive
from the next, or within a 2-hour cruise by
boat (with the exception of the Maine yard).
The chain started with the purchase of one
boatyard in 1964, then 17 more through
1995. Three of the yards—Brewer's Pilots
Point, Sakonnet, and Yacht Haven—are
combinations of two or three nearby
marinas.
The Brewer yacht yards have a com-
bined summer total of 3,945 slips, 200 dry
racks and 58 moorings, for a total capacity
of 4,203 boats, averaging 280 per facility.
The yards have a winter dry storage of 540
boats indoors and 4,000 boats outdoors.
Pilots Point is the largest with 850 slips;
Post Road, with 50, is the smallest. Chain-
wide, about 40% of the boats are sailboats
and 60% are powerboats. The sizes of the
boats kept in slips range from 22 feet LOA
up to 709 feet LOA, with the average
around 35 feet LOA. Less than 2% of the
slips are used by liveaboards. Transient
slips are available at every facility. Nine of
the yards have added swimming pools for
customers' use. There are 10 waterfront
restaurants in the chain, and all have some
type of food, drink, and ice available. Fuel
docks, laundry, restrooms/showers, and
pumpouts are available at all Brewer yards.
Each boatyard moves boats with a one
or more travel lifts, a hydraulic trailer, a
crane, and a forklift. In addition to wet and
dry boat storage, most facilities offer
launching/haulout, fiberglass repair, carpen-
try, engine repair, painting, and sail/rigging
repair. In 1994 Brewer contracted with the
national retail chain Boater's World to
102
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24. Brewer Vacht Yards
establish and lease ship's stores in 10
boatyards.
Five of the Brewer yacht yards are
located on sites that have been continuously
in maritime use for a hundred or more
years—Brewers South Freeport (Maine),
Plymouth (Massachusetts), Wickford
(Rhode Island), Dauntless (Connecticut)
and Post Road (New York). The Dauntless,
South Freeport, and Plymouth yards have
been building boats and ships since the
1700s. It is estimated that the Brewer yacht
yards combined provide access to 106,250
people during each summer boating sea-
son. 1
Management measures
Brewer yacht yards achieve most of the
marina management measures, including
water quality assessment, habitat assess-
ment, shoreline stabilization, storm water
runoff control, fueling station design,
sewage facility, maintenance of sewage
facilities, solid waste, liquid materials,
petroleum control, boat cleaning, and
public education.
Environmental improvements
"When boaters comes to a Brewer yacht
yard, they know what to expect," stated
Jack Brewer. "They find a clean facility,
well landscaped with flowers, floats in
good condition, and free pumpouts. We
treat them properly and give value for their
money. Our environmental program en-
hances our reputation. We try to exceed the
industry standards because the northeastern
public wants it and marinas, as are boats,
are highly visible. Our motivation [for
environmental improvement] is that
Brewer's want to be the best chain, with the
best service, for the best customers, to
make the best profit."
"Years ago," Brewer explained, "I used
to think that holding tanks were stupid. I
1 Access for the public is estimated by multiplying the total number of boats used during the boating season (4,250) by 25,
the average number of people who use a boat one or more times a season.
2 See case study 4, Brewer's Cove Haven Marina
preferred macerator-type boat toilets [MSD
types I and II]. But now just the thought
about all that sewage discharge into our
water bothers me. I thought that we've got
to start somewhere and
decided to make an effort
to clean up. Because we
are a small but highly
visible industry, we have
to do it. Now all Brewer
marinas have boat holding
tank [MSD type III]
pumpout stations, which typically cost
between $20,000 and $30,000 each in-
stalled. Five facilities received Clean Vessel
Act grants."2
"Pumpouts are free to our customers. In
1995, for example, three southern Rhode
Island Brewer marinas—in Cowesett,
Wickford, and Sakonnet—pumped out a
total of 6,000 tanks."
Brewer Yacht Yards started making
chain-wide environmental improvements in
1986 and 1987. "When I hired Captain Ed
Wiegand, a retired Coast Guard officer, as
the marina manager of Brewer's Mystic
Marina (Connecticut), he was concerned
about oil spills at our fuel docks and said
the right thing to do was to have oil spill
containment booms and pads available. It
cost us about $ 1,800 per facility. Even
those without a fuel dock got spill control
supplies. Each year since then we've used
them once or twice chain-wide," said
Brewer. "Now everyone is happy."
"In 1988-89, we all began recycling
used oil. Since then 10 of the yards have
purchased used oil burners (average cost
$5,000; annual saving $2,500 year). We
even tried a solvent cooker to recycle waste
solvents, but it didn't work so well for us.
Now all the yards have their used solvents
picked up commercially, and that works
well."
"We do three things very well and
always have—boat slips, storage, and
"Our environmental program
enhances our reputation. We try
to exceed the industry standards
because the northeastern public
wants it and marinas, as are
boats, are highly visible,"
103
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24. Brewer Yacht Yards
Jack Brewer, owner of
Brewer Yacht Yards,
sttuitls beside the sign for
Wickford Cove Marina
(Kt).
repairs. From the earliest days, our best
profit center was slip rentals. We are very
serious about service work, which averages
45% to 50% of our gross income. Slips
bring 30% to 33% of the gross income,
17% to 33% comes from.winter storage,
and the remainder from sublet labor, fuel
sales, and building rentals," said Brewer.
"Boat service and repairs are labor-
intensive. Pretty much all our facilities do
the same service work, including Awlgrip
hull painting, carpentry, fiberglass, and
mechanical and electrical repairs. Most of
this work is done indoors for two reasons:
to keep staff busy all winter and for envi-
ronmental control. When the recession
[1989-1993] came, most all marinas in the
Northeast decided to get into repairs and
created more competition for service.
Service has slipped some over the years
because of more competition and the fact
that [fiberglass] boats need less service
[than wood hulls]. New bottom paints, for
example, need doing every 2 to 3 years,
versus every year with older paints. Be-
tween 1988 and 1991 each of our facilities
got pinched."
"However, we went on with our envi-
ronmental improvements. Gradually all the
yards will be fitted with traps to collect and
filter bottom wash water. Every yard now
uses high-volume/low-pressure spray guns
when painting to reduce the release of
VOCs [volatile organic compounds],
increasing the volume of paint that gets on
the boat instead of into the air, lowering the
amount of paint used, and decreasing
cleanup costs."
"Realizing that the easiest part of the
business is slip rentals, we decided to add
extra advantages to attract customers to our
marinas. Since this is a very family-
oriented business, we added pools at nine
facilities. Some also have exercise rooms,
saunas, and hot tubs," Brewer added.
"In 1985 we began landscaping our
yards. It really started when Pilots Point
Marina spent almost $6,000 to make the
place a better environment. Now we are
spending well over $100,000 per year on
improving the landscaping at our yards. I
feel it is a good investment. If we can sell
12 to 15 more slips per marina, landscaping
isn't expensive. We are attracting a better
quality, upscale customer with more
disposable money. They are seeking nicer
marinas. After buying Yacht Haven Marina
in 1995, we spent $100,000 in landscaping.
Eighty percent was spent to create a 20-
foot-wide buffer strip along the 1,000-foot-
long bulkhead, planted with shrubs, trees,
and flowers and mulched to create a nice-
looking runoff filter. Good landscaping and
a clean yard make our customers, employ-
ees, and everyone feel good."
Another improvement has been to
upgrade every restroom and shower in the
entire boatyard chain. With most of the
improvements done by each yard's staff, the
managers had an informal competition to
see who could create the nicest restroom.
"Now we encourage all customers to use
our facilities instead of their boat toilets
when in our docks."
The Brewer yards have replaced most of
their underground fuel tanks with
aboveground tanks equipped with all proper
environmental controls. Even though the
average cost per marina has been $100,000
to make the conversion and some parking
spaces have been lost, aboveground tanks
104
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24. Brewer Yacht Yards
are less expensive to buy and easier to
monitor for spills. Eventually all will be
converted.
Over the years Brewer Yacht Yards has
hired environmental consultants to do
safety and environmental assessments, at an
annual chain-wide cost of about $25,000.
Always looking for a more cost-effective
way to do business, Jack Brewer noted that
"starting in 1996, we will have a trained
environmental expert in-house. During the
boating season he will work as the
dockmaster at Pilots Point Marina, but will
spend winter months visiting each yard.
This way he will be kept working all year,
but his winter salary will be split between
all the yards, for a net saving of $ 10,000.
While the safety/environmental assessment
part is reasonable, follow-up and imple-
mentation of the suggestions can cost
considerably more and can vary from yard
to yard. But it's money well spent."
Each Brewer yard actively encourages
customers to visit other Brewer marinas in
the northeastern chain by offering a Pre-
ferred Customer Card. This program gives
each boat up to six free nights of transient
dockage, preferential reservations, a 50%
discount on extra dockage nights, free
pumpouts, and 10 or 15 cent discounts on
fuel purchased at any Brewer Yacht Yard.
To manage dog waste on docks and
marina land, "pooper scoopers" are used.
"Last spring, three yards—at Cowesett,
Sakonnet, and Greenport—ran cleanups by
customers and staff of the shores around
each marina. We gave out coffee and donuts
during those Saturday mornings." These
events and other environmental information
are promoted in The Tide Watch, a colorful
newsletter sent out by Brewer Yacht Yards
once a year to approximately 8,000 custom-
ers.
"When customers are doing their own
repairs, they are strongly encouraged at
most yards and required at two yards to use
tarps beneath the hulls. Dustless vacuum
sanders are used by all our staff and are
available for rent by customers," Brewer
said. "Soon tarps and dustless sanders will
be mandatory at all Brewer locations."
Generally, all Brewer yacht yards add a
1% environmental surcharge onto all work
invoices. This money is earmarked for
pollution prevention training, education,
reducing runoff, landscaping, environmen-
tal fees, and cleanup supplies. The sur-
charge has provided the extra income
needed to keep making improvements to
the marina environment. "On the average,
the 1 % surcharge works well," Brewer
explained. "It may be under at one location
one year, but generates excess funds
another year depending on what is re-
quired."
There is. a saying in the industry that
every marina is for sale at the right price.
Jack Brewer buys them right, then im-
proves the property and business. Being a
very practical and frugal owner, he under-
stands that the best long-term reason to
improve environmental practices is that
some day each yard will be sold. "If we are
going to maintain the value of our property,
we must make each environmentally clean.
No one will buy or lend a mortgage to any
marina without a clean Phase II test,
including drilling and boring tests." They
invest with sights on long-term return on
boatyard investments.
All the Brewer Yacht Yard managers
share Jack Brewer's business philosophy to
run clean, neat facilities. Some managers
are even more passionate about environ-
mental protection and are proactive in their
marine trade association's involvement with
state coastal regulatory agencies. They all
learned the lesson, during the depths of the
recent recession [1989-1993], that custom-
ers do move to better facilities with good
service and a clean, healthy environment. In
each region, Brewer yards are generally the
price leader, but they typically have the
fullest slips, hard-working staff, and loyal
customers.
Going green was not cheap, but clearly
has been good value for Brewer Yacht
Yards' business.
105
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25. Westrec Marinas, Inc.
Clean Marina Image for World's Largest Chain
Facilities:
Chain Office:
Telephone:
Interviewed:
Owned by:
States:
35 marinas owned and operated nationwide, 15 marinas
managed for others, plus 10 other marinas considered
Westrec Affiliates (in 1995)
16633 Ventura Blvd., 6th Floor, Encino, California 91436
(818) 907-0400 ext. 224 Fax: (818) 907-1104
William Anderson, President
James Frye, Southeastern Area Vice President
Gary Groenewold, Florida Regional Manager
Westrec Properties, Inc.
Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland,
Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Texas, Washington,
DC. Affiliates in: Alabama, California, Florida, Illinois,
Louisiana, New Jersey, Texas, Virgin Islands, Washing-
ton
The nationwide marina chain
By all measures, Westrec Marinas is big.
With a total storage capacity of 17,000
boats, and with facilities located in 12
states, the District of Columbia, and the
Virgin Islands, plus Antigua, it is the
world's largest full-service marina chain.
Westrec's marinas are located on three
coasts, a Great Lake, three man-made lakes,
two major rivers, and several islands.
Eleven are on fresh water and 25 on tidal
salt water.
The chain started purchasing marinas in
1987. Now a totally independent corpora-
tion, Westrec in 1995 included 35 owned
and operated marinas, 15 marinas managed
under contract for others, and 10 affiliate
marinas operated by others while receiving
Westrec cooperative services. Seventy
percent of the marinas are on privately
owned land, whereas 30% are concession-
aire marinas on government land. Half are
totally owned by Westrec and half are
operated for others. Westrec's investments
total over $150 million.
The Westrec marinas have a combined
total of 14,600 slips, 2,600 dry racks, and
3,000 moorings, which represent 40% of
gross revenues. Holiday on Lake Lanier
Marina is the largest with a capacity of
1,300 boats. Hall of Fame Marina, the
smallest with a total of only 43 boat slips,
caters to larger boats averaging 55 feet
LOA, including 19 very large slips for
megayachts up to 135 feet.'
Chain-wide about 20% of the boats are
sailboats and 80% are powerboats. The
boats kept in slips range from 16 feet LOA
to 135 feet LOA, with the average around
32 feet LOA. Less than 10% of the slips
are used by liveaboards. Transient slips are
available at every facility and represent 5%
of the gross income. The most common
services in Westrec marinas, in addition to
' See related case study 12, Hall of Fame Marina.
106
-------
25. Westrec Marinas, Inc.
boat storage, are fuel dock, pumpouts,
haulout by travel lift and/or forklift, boat
repair services, restrooms/showers, conve-
nience store, bait and tackle sales, laundry,
and new boat sales. There are 20 water-
front restaurants in the chain, and all of the
marinas have some type of food, drink, and
ice service available.
Other services available in some mari-
nas are outboard and houseboat rentals,
boat charters, sailing school, RV park,
campground, resort, swimming pool, hotel,
scuba diving instruction, and office space
rentals. It is estimated that Westrec marinas
provide boating access to 505,000 people
each season, not counting the additional
public access provided by their parks,
hotels, restaurants, and other services.2 To
service all that boating public, Westrec had
1,000 full-time employees in 1995.
Management measures
Westrec marinas achieve all of the
marina management measures, including
marina flushing, water quality assessment,
habitat assessment, shoreline stabilization,
storm water runoff control, fueling station
design, sewage facility, maintenance of
sewage facilities, solid waste, fish waste,
liquid materials, petroleum control, boat
cleaning, and public education. Since
marinas vary and many best management
practices are site-specific, the number and
kinds of BMPs used by Westrec do vary
somewhat between facilities and states.
Environmental improvements
"When I became president of Westrec
Marinas in 1989,1 had been working for
the National Park Service. That made me
predisposed toward a clean environment as
of critical importance to the public,"
explained Bill Anderson. "While designing
and planning urban waterfront parks, I
learned that there are ways to manage our
resources, and to provide public use and
Westrec's Hall of Fame
Marina (see case study
#12) in Ft. Lauderdale,
FL. (photo by Westrec
Marina)
enjoyment of those resources without
destroying them. I felt Westrec could and
should balance the environmental needs
with our business needs, but I didn't know
where to start. In discussions with the
International Marina Institute, we were
given many suggestions on how to get it
done. As a result, in 1993, we hired a
consultant3 to do a series of studies of each
marina covering issues such as compliance
with the Americans with Disabilities Act,
nonpoint source pollution, and stormwater
pollution prevention plans. You have to
make that kind of commitment for the long-
term health of any marina, and especially
for a large chain like Westrec."
There were three basic reasons why
Westrec was motivated to make environ-
mental changes in all its marinas.
1. Economics - "We either had to clean
up or be shut down in Southern
Florida," said Jim Frye. "It proved
to be less costly than we expected,
and was a good investment which
ultimately attracted more customers
to our businesses."
2 Public access is estimated by multiplying the total number of boats used during the boating season (20,200 boats) by 25,
the average number of people who use a boat at least once a season.
107
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25. Westrec Marinas, Inc.
Westrec's Harbour Towne
Marina (sec case study
#14) in Dania, FL.
2. Create a clean marina company
image and identity - "Our customers
are very enthusiastic about our
cleaner facilities, mowed green grass,
and no litter. People really prefer to
hang around a site that is not clut-
tered, but is really clean and neat,"
Gary Groenewold added, "and that's
just the experience we at Westrec are
trying to give everyone."
3. Comply with the law and regulations
- "One noticeable water quality
improvement, which came from
relocating and filtering boat power
washing, has been the elimination of
rings on boat hulls. So we know we
are doing something right."
"The best return on investment came
from installing pumpouts and upgrading
boat hull power-wash areas," said
Groenewold. "We got the best publicity
and good will from installing recycling bins
and garbage cans with lids to control litter."
"Westrec has spent over $200,000 to
install pumpouts in all of its marinas. Of
the total cost, 10% went for engineering
designs and permits, 50% to buy the
equipment, and 40% for construction and
installation. Thus far we have received one
Clean Vessel Act grant totaling $8,000 to
install one pumpout and have applied for
grants to expand several others. We were
way ahead of the curve and installed
pumpouts in our marinas long before the
grant program was available."
' liM. °"ii ^4 Hfi^iF' ..-^A£-'t-
=
Most of Westrec's environmental capital
improvement costs were funded from cash
flow. Three facilities, for now, are adding a
2.5% environmental surcharge on every bill
to gradually recoup costs of compliance and
improvements.
"There are some economies of scale
when you get a chain as big as we are,"
stated Frye. "The real cost of administering
environmental changes is shared. When
one of us becomes aware of an issue or
problem, everyone becomes aware and we
share information. We can purchase
supplies, such as for spill containment, in
quantity and get good discounts. Should
one marina have a major spill, we can
quickly move staff help and equipment in
from other marinas. New practices can be
tried out in a few places, then those that
work are taken to the others. Westrec has
the resources to get its arms around an issue
and to make things happen."
"South Florida has one of the strictest
best management practices (BMP) stan-
dards for marinas," explained Groenewold.
"But we have decided to make Westrec's
Florida BMP policies transparent and the
same across the country. What differs are
the state regulations, interpretation, and
enforcement."
Some other examples:
• All leases for commercial space in
Westrec Marinas had environmental
language added in 1995 about the
tenant's responsibility.
• Recycling is a system-wide philoso-
phy at Westrec. "More often than
not, we are taking practices from one
state and using them in other states,
exceeding what is required there,"
said Frye.
• Fuel tank remediation has included
replacing most in-ground tanks with
double-walled, fiberglass tanks with
vapor sniffers and overspill protec-
tion. Double-walled hoses and
piping have also been installed. Spill
containment equipment is now
available at all Westrec fuel docks,
108
-------
25. Westrec Marinas, Inc.
and some staff have been trained as
first responders for oil spills.
• During all rehab and design improve-
ments at Westrec marinas, green
vegetated buffers—often lawns ah
-------
110
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Appendices
APPENDICES
A. Literature Review and Bibliography
B. Amortization Schedule Explanation
C. Clean Marina Case Studies Listing
D. Discussion Worksheets
E. Project Press Release
111
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Appendices
112
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Appendix A
A. Clean Marinas—Clear Value
Literature Review and Bibliography
Prepared by:
Impact Research Associates, Inc.
Timothy J. Tyrrell, Ph.D., Vice President
Maureen F. Devitt, Associate
September 21, 1995
Foreword
Each state within the US coastal zone has the responsibility to implement and encourage compliance
with nonpoint source (NFS) pollution control measures that are mandated by Section 6217 of the Coastal
Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA) of 1990. Enforcement of such measures at marinas and
recreational boating facilities is difficult. However, owners and operators of many marinas have voluntarily
made environmental improvements in their operations. Case study examples of actual savings or profits
realized from the application of various NFS control practices may help encourage marina owners to invest
in such modifications to their operations.
With over 16.6 million recreational boats in use today, marina and boatyard facilities are in high
demand. Total recreational boating business retail sales for 1994 hit $14.1 billions showing significant
recovery from the industry recession which started in 1989 and bottomed out in 1992. Of the total US
population, between 21 to 31 million people are involved in some form of boating activity (fishing, power
boating, water skiing, canoeing, sailing) (Boating Industry, 1994).
Environmental impacts to surrounding surface waters from marina-related activities can include
toxicity in water, dissolved oxygen depletion, and contamination offish and shellfish. Economic impacts
of water quality degradation extend to the commercial fishing industry, water-related tourism, and nearby
real estate values (Hayes et al., 1992; Kirshner and Moore, 1988). Thus, investments in water quality
controls at the roughly 9,000 marinas and boatyards in the United States may realize environmental and
economic benefits beyond the marina and boating industries (Boating Industry, 1994).
After an extensive search, it was determined that very little public literature is available that
documents firm level benefits and costs from investments in environmental improvements. A 1992 EPA
study estimated the costs of NFS control measures to marinas, but did not consider possible benefits from
such investments. A 1986 publication from the Institute for Local Self-Reliance documents in case study
format the benefits and costs of pollution prevention measures to companies in the chemical and
manufacturing industries. Finally, there is currently an effort within the hotel industry, spearheaded by a
hotel management consulting firm, to reform hotel management practices to become environmentally
friendly through reducing waste and conserving energy and water.
Each of these four references is summarized here, along with comments on their usefulness for the
"Clean Marinas— Clear Value" study.
Annotated Literature Summary
a. Jellicorse, Brenda L, J.M. Duffin, E.S. Newbold. Economic Analysis of Coastal Nonpoint Source
Pollution Controls: Marinas. Prepared for: US Environmental Protection Agency. Prepared by: Center
for Economics Research, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC. September 1992.
Summary: This Jellicorse et al. (1992) study estimates the costs of nonpoint source (NFS) pollution
control measures to coastal marinas. The analysis is conducted through hypothetical scenarios of various
management practices. The report first reviews the sources and impacts ofNPS pollution related to
113
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Appendix A
marina operation, and characterizes the design and distribution of marinas in the US coastal zone.
Jellicorse et al. establish six hypothetical "model "marinas of varying size, location, services
provided, and financial standing to represent the types of marinas found in the coastal zone. Costs of
implementation are estimated for three management scenarios, each gradually more stringent in number
and type of control measures. NFS controls were specified in the general categories of: siting and design,
storm water runoff, se\vage disposal, and operations and maintenance. Costs of implementation were
estimated to vary between less than 1% of sales up to 8% of sales for privately owned marinas, depending
on the management scenario and the characteristics of the marina.
Comments: Jellicorse et al. (1992) is the primary existing source of cost analysis of the implementation of
nonpoint source (NFS) pollution control measures at US coastal marinas.
Because marina owners would not provide the financial information necessary to conduct the
analysis as a case study, the authors alternatively set up hypothetical marinas to estimate costs. Without
the availability of a case study analysis, it is not possible to predict potential financial benefits to marina
owners from implementation of environmentally sound management practices.
b. Huisingh, Donald, L. Martin, H. Hilger, N. Seldman. Proven Profits from Pollution Prevention: Case
Studied in Resource Conservation and Waste Reduction. Institute for Local Self-Reliance. Washington,
DC, 1986.
Summary: Huisingh et al. present a compilation of case studies of companies that have invested in waste
reduction, resource conservation, and other pollution-preventing management measures. The focus is on
hazardous waste management issues in the manufacturing and chemical industries. The volume is set up
as guidebook to inform other manufacturing and chemical companies about various pollution prevention
measures, and the potential benefits that can be realized through investment in, and implementation of
these measures.
The case studies were compiled by distributing a questionnaire to companies in the chemical and
manufacturing industries. Results are reported in a standardized, easy-to-fottow format. Each case study
provides a summarized project description, economic benefits (profits or savings per year) and costs
(initial investment or cost per year), and environmental and health benefits associated with the company's
investment. Where economic information was not available or not estimable, a verbal description of the
impact is provided (improved productivity or improved product quality).
One company that invested an initial $4.3 million in equipment to recycle a fluoride manufacturing
by-product now saves $1.35 million per year in materials, waste disposal, and pollution control costs.
Another invested just over $3,000 to recycle solvents and switch to water-based cleaners in the
manufacturing process, and now saves approximately $20,000 per year in raw materials and waste
disposal costs. Other examples are less dollar-specific, but recognize costs savings, and environmental
and health benefits associated with the changes made.
Comments: This book provides actual examples of profits and savings from resource-conserving and
waste-reducing investments. It will potentially encourage manufacturing and other companies to invest in
pollution prevention measures without the use of government intervention/incentive policies. A
comparable book for the marina industry can encourage investments to reduce nonpoint source pollution
in the coastal zone.
c. Curtis, Sara. 'Seeing the Forest and the Trees. "Hotelier. September/October 1992. pp. 11-14.
Canadian Pacific Hotels & Resorts. Company prospectus. Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Summary: The largest hotel company in Canada, Canadian Pacific Hotels & Resorts, developed 'The
Green Partnership Guide "for its 27 hotels across the country. The 129-page guide book was made
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Appendix A
available to all managers, with suggestions for environmental improvements in all departments at each
hotel including: waste disposal, laundry, kitchen, grounds, plant management, stores, housekeeping,
repairs and renovations, food service, and golf course management. The initial ideas for
savings/improvements came from workers in each of these departments by way of a questionnaire. One of
the chain's hotels incurred an initial outlay of $100,000 to implement some of the suggested practices,
and netted $250,000 in savings.
Comments: Canadian Pacific has outlined many examples of cost savings at its hotels throughout the
country, including savings on energy costs and waste disposal costs. In addition, the chain as a whole
received a great deal of publicity from the implementation of this "environmentally-friendly "program. At
least seven different publications covered the story of the company's innovative environmental policies.
The benefits that Canadian Pacific realized from this 'free "positive publicity are unknown. However,
many companies pay thousands of dollars for equivalent advertising space.
d. Dela Cruz, Tony. "Two Years After Bombing, Vista Reopens as First Ecotel. "Hotel Business. November
14,1994. pp. Ib, 18b.
HVS Eco Services. "Environmental and Energy Consulting for the Hotel Industry Awards the ECOTEL
Certification. "Company prospectus. Mineola, New York.
Summary: In Fall of 1994, the New York Vista Hotel was the first company to be awarded an "ECOTEL "
certification from HVS Eco Services. HVS Eco Services awards an "ECOTEL "designation to hotels that
have exhibited environmentally stringent management practices.
HVS Eco Services recently established the ECOTEL "green seal "of approval to recognize hotels for
excellence in the areas of solid waste management, water conservation, energy efficiency, compliance with
federal and state regulations, and education and training for employees. A May 1995 news release from
the Mineola, New York, company announces the certification of two more hotels, one in Florida and the
other in Pennsylvania. Each certified hotel becomes part of an ongoing promotional campaign, and will
be listed in a directory of ECOTEL that is distributed to travel agencies and tour operators around the
world.
The HVS prospectus provides estimates of the costs and annual savings for hotel installation of:
recycling, energy-efficient lighting fixtures, heating insulation, and water-saving devices. Even
investments as large as $2 million for convention-size hotels were estimated to have a payback period of
less than 2.5 years, with net savings after 5 years of over $ 700,000.
Summary and Conclusions
Very little literature exists which provides case studies of firm-level benefits and costs of investing in
pollution prevention measures. A 1992 study prepared for EPA estimates the costs ofnonpoint source
(NFS) pollution control to coastal marinas by using hypothetical scenarios of various management
practices. This study makes it clear that there are many variables to consider when estimating the costs of
control devices and measures for NPS pollution. Thus, costs for a "generic "marina cannot be estimated.
With the case study approach, actual costs can be reported, and benefits associated with the
investment/changes can be estimated. An extensive and diverse sampling of marina costs and benefits from
pollution control measures may provide the impetus for other marina owners around the country to invest
in such sound practices.
Only one compilation of case studies provides actual examples of profits and savings from resource
conserving and waste reducing investments. Presentation of case studies in the marina industry may
perhaps be modeled after this industry guidebook, published by the Institute for Local Self-Reliance.
Finally, the marina industry may consider the current movement within the hotel industry to
establish a green seal of approval for environmentally sound management of individual hotels. Such an
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Appendix A
cnvard system carries with it a sense of pride that may encourage marina owners to 'join the ranks "of
those who are investing in better management practices. Positive publicity (local or national) may be an
added bonus to marinas that make these investments. Marketability of environmental improvements can
help establishments regain, and even profit from their investments.
Other References
Boating Industry Magazine. The BOATING BUSINESS - 1994 Annual Industry Review. Argus Business,
Atlanta, GA. 1994.
Hayes, K., T. Tyrrell, and G. Anderson. 'Estimating the Benefits of Water Quality Improvements in the
Upper Narragansett Bay. "Marine Resource Economics. 1992. v. 7. pp. 75-85.
International Marina Institute. National Marina Index - Marina Industry Financial Performance.
Quarterly Report. January 1990.
Kirshner, D., andD. Moore. 'The Effect of San Francisco Bay Water Quality on Adjacent Property
Values. "Environmental Defense Fund. Oakland, CA. unpublished. 1988.
Ofiara, D.D., andB. Brown. Marine Pollution Events of 1988 and Their Effect on Travel, Tourism, and
Recreational Activities in New Jersey. Bureau of Economics Research, Rutgers University. New Jersey.
March 1989.
Rorholm, N., andD. Burrage. Economic Impact of the Rhode Island Boating Industry. University of
Rhode Island Department of Resource Economics. Sea Grant Report. 1983.
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Appendix B
B. Amortization Schedule Explanation
To standardize the allocation of capital costs for new marina equipment and facilities over their
useful life time, an annualized value has been calculated for this report based on the commonly used
number of years the item will last, and at an assumed interest rate of 5%. The average annualized cost
(R), which is equivalent to a one-time cost (A), is calculated by:
A
R =
IF,
PVA(r,f)
IFpvA(n,r> is the Present Value Annuity Interest Factor for n years and an interest rate of r.
The formula for the interest factor is:
1
IF,
PVA(n,r)
For this set of case studies, investments were assumed to last 5, 10, or 20 years, and with an
interest rate assumed to be 5%.
The Interest Factors for these three ranges are:
Years:
IF,
PVAfn.r)
5
4.329
10
7.722
20
12.462
The interest factors were used in Table 3, Costs/Benefits of Clean Marina Examples, to calculate
the numbers in column "annualized cost of investment"
Examples of years used for calculating amortized marina write off.
5 years: Dustless sanders, Closed loop sand blaster
10 years: Pumpouts, Recycling equipment, Fuel pumps, Personal water craft
fueling dock, Pressure wash equipment
20 years: Oil burner, Inground tanks, Permeable parking surface, Breakwaters
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Appendix C
C. Clean Marina Case Studies Listing1
CALIFORNIA
• Westrcc Marinas, Inc., HQ: Encino, CA
William Anderson, President
818-907-0400x224, fax 818-907-1104
50+ marinas nationwide, overseas
CONNECTICUT
• Cedar Island Marina, Clinton, CT
Jeffrey Shapiro, President
860-669-8681
Full-service marina
• Deep River Marina, Chester, CT
Doug and Karen Van Dyke, Owners
860-526-5560
Full-service marina
FLORIDA
• Associated Marine Technologies, Dania, FL
Scott Miser, Owner; Ted James, General Manager
305-926-0308, fax 305-926-7834
Full-service boatyard
• Hall of Fame Marina (a Westrec Marina), Fort Lauderdale, FL
Bob Koerber, Dockmaster
954-764-3975, fax 954-779-3658
Megayacht marina
• Harbour Towne Marina (a Westrec Marina), Dania, FL
Gary Groenewold, Florida Regional Manager
954-926-0300, fax 954-922-5485
James Frye, Regional Vice President
954-920-7225, fax 954-920-7339
Full-service marina
• Summerfield Boat Works, Fort Lauderdale, FL
Tom Correll, General Manager
305-525-4726, fax 305-525-8613
Full-service boatyard and marina
ILLINOIS
• West Access Marina, Carlyle, IL
Richard Golding, General Manager
618-594-2461, fax 618-594-2226
Full-service marina
Case study 25
Case study 6
Case study 8
Case study 2
Case study 12
Case study 14
Case study 21
Case study 22
'listed alphabetically by state.
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Appendix C
INDIANA
• The Hammond Marina, Port Authority, Hammond, IN
Bob Nelson, Marina Director
219-659-7678, fax 219-659-7679
Municipal marina
MARYLAND
• Port Annapolis Marina, Annapolis, MD
David Goshman, General Manager
410-639-2762, fax 410-269-5856
Full-service marina
MASSACHUSETTS
• Edwards Boatyard, East Falmouth, MA 02536
Charles Swain, President
508-548-2216, fax 508-457-9140
Full-service boatyard/marina
MICHIGAN
• Kean's Detroit Yacht Harbor, Detroit, MI 48214
John Kean, Owner
313-822-4500, fax 313-822-5442
Full-service marina
MISSOURI
• The Lodge of Four Seasons Marina, Lake Ozark, MO 65049
Clay Huntress, Manager
573-365-8540, fax 573-365-8547
Full-service marina
NEW JERSEY
• All Seasons Marina, Mamora, NJ
Ralph Dilks, Owner
609-390-1850, fax
Full-service marina
• Green Cove Marina, Brick, NJ
Al Davidson, President
908-840-9090, fax
Full-service marina
• Lockwood Boat Works, Perth Amboy, NJ
Bill Lockwood, General Manager
908-721-1605
Full-service marina
• Winter Yacht Basin, Mantoloking, NJ
Ken Winter, President
908-477-6700
Full-service marina
Case study 13
Case study 19
Case study 9
Case study 15
Case study 17
Case study 1
Case study 11
Case study 16
Case study 23
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Appendix C
NEW YORK
• Brewer Yacht Yards (15 yards), HQ: Mamaroneck, NY
Jack Brewer, Jr., President
914-698-0295, fax 914-698-6203
15 marinas New York to Maine
OHIO
• Battery Park Marina, Sandusky, OH
Carl Wolf, General Manager
419-625-6142, fax 419-625-7529
Urban marina
PUERTO RICO
• Puerto del Rey Marina, Fajardo, Puerto Rico
Daniel Shelley, President
809-860-8880, fax 809-860-7592
Full-service marina resort
RHODE ISLAND
• Brewer's Cove Haven Marina, Barrington, RI
Michael Keyworth, General Manager
401-246-1600, fax 401-246-0731
Full-service boatyard/marina
• Conanicut Marine Services, Inc., Jamestown, RI
William Munger, President
401-423-1556, fax 401-423-7152
Full-service marina, inland boatyard
WASHINGTON
• Cap Sante Marina, Port of Anacortes, Anacortes, WA
Dale Fowler, Harbormaster
360-293-0694, fax 360-299-0998
Municipal marina
• Elliott Bay Marina, Inc., Seattle, WA
Martin Harder, General Manager
206-285-4817, fax 206-282-0626
Urban megamarina
• Oak Harbor Marina, Port of Gig Harbor, Oak Harbor, WA
David Williams, Harbormaster
360-679-2628, fax 360-240-0603
Municipal marina
Case study 24
Case study 3
Case study 20
Case study 4
Case study 7
Case study 5
Case study 10
Case study 18
Case study total:
States and territories included:
25
15
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Appendix D
D. Discussion Worksheets
Clean Marina Facility Notes
Marina's Environmental Improvement
Clean Marina Cost/Benefit Worksheet
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Appendix D
Clean Marina Facility Notes
Date of discussion visit:
1995
Facility name:
Address
City State
Telephone Fax
Person contacted:
Volunteered or Nominated by:
Owner name:
Address
City State
Telephone Fax
Type of facility: circle primary description
This marina is best described as a:
Facility ownership:
Marina
Yacht Club
Landing
Home port
Private commercial
Other (describe)
Number of employees in boating season: Fulltime Part time
Boating storage capacity in boating season: Slips Moorings
Percent 1995 boating storage capacity in use/sold:
Boats size range: smallest boat avg size boat
%
largest boat
% sailboats % powerboats
Types of facility services & profit centers: circle all that apply
Slips Moorings Rack storage
Launch, haul out Docko sales Boat rental, charters
Glass/hull repair Engine repair Sail/rigging repair
Electronic sales/service Welding/metal fabrication Bottom cleaning
Trailer sales Retail store Bait/tackle sales
Laundry Food, drinks, ice Restaurant
Campground Pool Beach Golf Tennis
Boat handling equipment: Travel lift Hydraulic trailer
Restrooms available on site: Yes No
Zip
Title: Owner Pres. VP GM
Zip
E-mail
Boatyard Full service marina/yard
Docks Mooring field
Fuel dock only Boat ramp
Destination Stop-off for transients
Private nonprofit clubPublic agency
Year round: Full time
Racks Out of water = Total
(not winter storage)
Land storage Transient dockage
Yacht club Fishing pier
Painting Canvas/sail making
Boat sales, new Brokerage, used
Fuel dock Pumpout
Lodging, hotel Resort
Crane Forklift Marine railway
Nearby (where)
Most customers use this marina:
Number of livcaboard (residential) boats:
On & busy weekend, typical percent of boats
Name of water body at facility:
Year-round Seasonal Transient visitors
None Liveaboard boats
% Used/occupied/away % Sleeping overnight
Number of other marina facilities within 2 mile radius:
Estimated total boat population within 2 mile radius: Under 200 200-500 500-750 750-1,000
(include own customers in total) 1,000-2,000 2,000-4,000 >4,000+
Boating season months of: All year, or just in: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
(season can also be defined to start with month of launching to final haulout month)
Facility history -giveyear: (circa) Marina built Bought by present owner
First maritime use of shore was in (year or circa): 16 17 18 19. .
Shipyard/boatyard
Naval base
Commercial shipping Ferry dock
Fishing port
Fuel terminal
rev. 9-18
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Appendix D
Marina's Environmental Improvement
Change made, describe prime example
Date change made/program started: (month)_
19
Public/boater environmental education via: Fact sheet Newsletter Signs
Press release Demonstrations Courses, training Contract agreement
Beneficial results to: (describe)
° Environment
° Business
0 Customers
° Public
0 Government
° Other
Note: To the degree possible, economic analysis in this marina will compare business costs to benefits, with and without the environmental practice
adopted. In cases with non-income benefits, such as public education, other types of benefit descriptors will be identified. All findings will be based on
information provided by the facility owner/manager, and when hard numbers are not available, professional estimates will be accepted.
Costs: USE WORKSHEET TO CALCULATE circle if numbers given are:
Total installation/change cost (include design, permits, equipment, labor, other)
Total annual operation/maintenance cost (include labor, supplies, replacement parts, other)
Revenues: circle if numbers given are:
New/additional income from increased number of customers, more
traffic & sales; grant received, other
Cost avoided/reduced, in-kind benefits value, income saved (not lost to others), other
Value of public recognition, press/TV coverage, extra publicity, new permit, other
How would current income/costs change if improvement was stopped or not done originally?
actual
actual
estimate
estimate
If pumpout service: charge per use: $ total number of pumpouts in past year
Advice to others - What would be done differently next time to improve effect and benefits?
est. volume septage_
Other environmental improvements made.
Runoff control Vegetated buffer Permeable parking Pressure wash trap/filters Designated hull work area Pumpout Dump station Restroom
upgrade
Oil spill gear Improved fueling Oil bilge pads Fish cleaning station Recycling: oil paper cardboard plastic glass metal wood
batteries
Contract language for: Customers Outside contractors
o Does marina have NPDES storm water permit? Yes No None required
° Does marina have any CZM/environmental cease & desist or violations pending? Yes No
o Need Photographs of improvement; action shots with people, boats, work in progress. Send brochure, contracts, newsletter, articles.
Management Measures (CZARA NFS)
1. Siting and design:
2. Marina/boat operation/maintenance:
control
CIRCLE aUMMs in USE
a. Flushing
e. Storm water
a. Solid waste
e. Boat cleaning
b. WQ assessment
f. Fuel station
b. Fish waste
f. Public education
c. Habitat d. Shoreline
g. Sewage facility
c. Liquid material d. Petroleum
g. Sewage facility maintenance
rev. 9-18
123
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Appendix E
E. Project Press Release
Release: June 9, 1995 Neil Ross Consultants, Kingston, Rl
for further information call: 401 -782-2116
Volunteers Needed for Clean Marinas—Clear Value Study
Many marinas and boatyards have discovered economic benefits from cleaner business operations, and
their success stories now will be be told to the nation. Marine Trade Associations across America are
asked to recruit volunteer facility managers to be interviewed during a summer long study of clean
marinas with clear benefits from their environmental improvements. Those selected will receive national
recognition.
Here are two examples of marinas that found unexpected environmental savings and profits after
changing to cleaner operations.
° When a full service marina, on a middle America lake, switched to dustless vacuum sanders, bottom
work productivity jumped over 60 percent.
° A New England coastal boatyard, after installing a pumpout station installed with a government grant,
saves $2,000 annually off sewer bills by metering the waste sent to the municipal sewer plant.
Each benefited five ways: increased productivity or cost saving, environmental guideline compliance, pride
in accomplishment, happier customers, and cleaner waters. And because their marinas are cleaner, they
work harder to make them cleaner still, AND that has attracted more new customers, who feel better
about being part of the solution to water pollution.
Clean Marinas—Clear Value is the name of this project being conducted by Neil Ross, under a subcontract
to Tetra Tech Inc. 'The purpose of this nationwide effort is to identify marina and recreational boating
operations that have adopted best management practices and programs, "said Ross, 'fahich have
resulted in positive economic benefits. We want to promote as many good examples as possible to our
industry, government regulators, and the boating public. To make this happen, volunteers are needed. Or
if you know a marina with a good environmental story to tell, please call to nominate them for an
interview."
A simple comparison of each marina, before and after environmental improvements, will be made to verify
that differences and economic benefits are connected. A positive relationship is intended to support the
premise that 'clean' marinas will generate clear economic values. Benefits can be measured in terms of
new income derived from increased sales, services, and slip rentals; cost savings from improved
housekeeping procedures; increased public visitation and participation due to site cleanliness,
attractiveness and clean water.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has become interested in these economic benefits through
discussions held at the national series of Marina Environmental Workshops being taught by Neil Ross for
the International Marina Institute with EPA grants. Marina and boatyard operators who have realized
benefits through implementation of best management practices (BMP) will be called or visited by Ross.
Information and photographs collected will be shared with EPA and the industry nationwide.
For information about volunteering or nominating clean marinas for consideration and interviews, contact
Neil Ross Consultants (NRC) at: PO Box 56, Kingston, Rl 02881 (tel./fax 401-782-2116, or email:
neilross@aol.com) as soon as possible. Deadline for consideration is early August.
- end -
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