United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Office of Water
Washington, DC 20460
EPA 842-B-94-004
August 1994
Protecting Coastal Waters from
Vessel and Marina Discharges:
A Guide for State and Local Officials
Volume I. Establishing No Discharge Areas under §312
of the Clean Water Act
Recycled/Recyclable
Printed with Soy/Canola Ink on paper that
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FINAL
PROTECTING COASTAL WATERS FROM VESSEL AND MARINA
DISCHARGES: A GUIDE FOR STATE AND LOCAL OFFICIALS
Volume I. Establishing No Discharge Areas
under §312 of the Clean Water Act
Prepared by
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Oceans and Coastal Protection Division
Washington, DC
AUGUST 1994
Prepared under
EPA Contract No. 68-C2-0134
Work Assignment No. 1-25
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Acknowledgement
This guidance document was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds, Oceans and Coastal Protection Division
under EPA Contract No. 68-C2-0134 by Battelle Ocean Sciences, Duxbury, MA and
A.T. Kearney, Inc., Alexandria, VA.
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Table of Contents
Pae
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............... . . .......... . £-1
1.0 INTRODUCTION ......... ....................... !_!
2.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION . . .................... 2-1
2.1 Marine Sanitation Device Definitions and Background . ..... 2-1
2.2 Overview of Sanitary Waste Reception Facility Types ...... 2-2
2.2.1 Pumpout Facilities ... .................... 2-2
2.2.2 Portable Toilet Dump Stations ....'. ........... 2-3
2.3 Overview of Sewage Discharge and Management Issues ..... 2-4
2.3.1 Environmental Concerns .................... 2-4
2.3.2 Management Issues ....................... 2-4
2.3.3 Cooperation of Publicly Owned Treatment Works .... 2-5
3.0 OVERVIEW OF KEY FEDERAL STATUTES AND
REGULATIONS ....... .......... ................ 3_!
3.1 Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1956 (Clean Water
Act) ----- ........................... ...... 3.!
3.1.1 40 CFR Part 140: EPA Marine Sanitation Device
Standards .................. . ........... 3_2
3.1.2 33 CFR Part 159 (Subpart A): U.S. Coast Guard Marine
Sanitation Device Regulations ................ 3.3
3.2 Clean Vessel Act of 1992 . . . . ............... .... 3.3
3.2.1 50 CFR Part 85: Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant
Program ........... . .................. 3_4
3.2.2 Clean Vessel Act: Pumpout Station and Dump Station
Technical Guidelines ..... ................. 3.4
3.3 Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA) and Coastal
Zone Act Reauthorization Amendment of 1990 (CZARA) .... 3-4
4.0 GUIDELINES FOR NO DISCHARGE AREA APPLICATION
PROCESS UNDER CWA §312 ............ . . . ......... 4.1
4.1 No Discharge Area Application Guidelines for §3 12(f)(3) .... 4-1
4.1.1 Certification of Need for Greater Environmental
Protection ............................. 4.5
4.1.2 Pumpout Facilities Map ............. ....... 4.9
4. 1.3 Description of Pumpout Facilities in Proposed No
Discharge Area ........................ 4_13
4.1.4 .Schedule of Operating Hours of the Pumpout
Facilities .......... . ...... ........... 4.47
4.1.5 Vessel Draught Requirements at Facilities ....... . 4-23
4.1.6 Waste Treatment Information . . .............. 4-27
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
Table of Contents
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Table of Contents (cont'd)
4.1.7 Vessel Population and Usage Information 4-29
4.1.8 Additional Information 4-37
4.1.9 §312(f)(3) Application Information Checklist 4-39
4.1.10 §312(f)(3) Application Process 4-39
4.2 No Discharge Area Application Guidelines for §312(f)(4)(A) . 4-39
4.3 No Discharge Area Application Guidelines for §312(f)(4)(B) . 4-39
5.0 RELATIONSHIP OF CWA §312(f)(3) NO DISCHARGE AREA
APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS TO OTHER FEDERAL
PROGRAMS 5-1
6.0 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE COMPLIANCE IN THE NO
DISCHARGE AREA 6-1
6.1 Public Outreach 6-1
6.1.1 Public Outreach Campaign versus Public Outreach
Product 6-1
6.1.2 Parts of a Public Outreach Campaign . 6-1
6.2 Enforcement 6-9
APPENDIX A: Overview of Storm Water and Wetlands Programs A-l
APPENDIX B: Summary of Federal Programs and Tools Related to the
Discharge of Vessel Sewage B-l
APPENDIX C: Relevant Federal Regulations on Vessel Sewage C-l
APPENDIX D: Sample §312(f)(3) No Discharge Area Application D-l
APPENDIX E: List of Contacts E-l
APPENDIX F: Annotated List of References Related to the Discharge of
Vessel Sewage F-l
Table of Contents
11
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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List of Exhibits
Exhibit 1
Overview of Guid
ocument 1-3
Exhibit 2 Boater Sanitary Waste'Reception Facility Requirements
Worksheet 4-34
Exhibit 3 Checklist for Development of No Discharge Area
Application 4-40
Exhibit 4 Linkages Between CWA §312(f)(3) "No Discharge Area"
Application Requirements and Elements of Other Programs ... 5-4
Exhibit 5 Relationship of the Parts of a Public Outreach Campaign .... 6-3
Exhibit 6 Target Audtences and Potential Messages for a Public Outreach
Campaign on Sewage Discharges from Vessels 6-5
Exhibit 7 Summary of Public Outreach Tool!? by Purpose of Message . . , 6-6
Exhibit 8 Examples of Public Outreach Tools Appropriate to Target
Audiences 6-7
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
in
List of Exhibits
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Executive Summary
Purpose
As recreational and commercial vessel traffic continues to increase hi volume, harmful
discharges resulting from the operation, maintenance, and protection of vessels is
proportionately increasing in importance for water quality issues. Although individual
discharges from vessels and marinas are relatively small scale, their combined effects can
significantly degrade water quality and marine habitats. Fortunately, there are methods
readily available to help control these discharges and protect the marine environment.
Protecting Coastal Waters from Vessel and Marina Discharges: A Guide for State and
Local Officials was developed as a reference tool for individuals interested hi learning
about the options available for addressing impacts linked to vessel and marina discharges.
Examples of vessel and marina discharges likely to enter adjacent waters include:
effluents from vessel repair and maintenance; storm water runoff from marina parking
lots; effluents from vessel fuel docks at marinas; and vessel sewage. Most discharges
from vessels and marinas have some harmful effect on the marine environment and are
important to control. However, all of these discharges cannot be effectively addressed
in one concise document, so this guidance document focuses on only one type of
vessel/marina-generated discharge - vessel sewage. Due to recent legislation and
regulations to implement Federally-sponsored programs related to the discharge of vessel
sewage, this particular type of discharge was selected as the focus of this guidance
document. This document addresses other types of discharges (e.g., storm water runoff
from marinas) by including general information on programs implemented to support
protection of waters from these discharges.
Audience
This guidance document was designed as a reference tool for state and local officials
interested in protecting waters hi their jurisdiction from vessel sewage discharges. The
application of information provided hi this document is not limited to these individuals,
but may also be helpful to marina owners and operators, Publicly Owned Treatment
Works operators, recreational boaters, and other individuals with an interest in this issue
or a desire to learn more about marine sanitation.
Overview
This document begins by providing background information related to marine sanitation
and vessel sewage and builds to more detailed, specific guidance on vessel sewage
control options.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance E-l
Executive Summary
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Executive Summary
Overview (cont'd)
The background information on vessel sewage and marine sanitation includes definitions
of basic terminology (e.g., three types of marine sanitation devices, five types of
pumpout facilities), an overview of key issues, and a summary of relevant Federal
statutes and regulations.
The remainder of the guidance document provides step-by-step instructions for
individuals who would like to apply for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
approval of an area as a "No Discharge Area" (vessels travelling in the area are
prohibited from discharging both treated and untreated sewage). One section of the
guidance document is dedicated to describing the Clean Water Act §312 No Discharge
Area application process and regulatory requirements. A sample application is provided
for reference. Strategies to achieve compliance in an EPA-approved No Discharge Area
through public outreach and enforcement are also provided hi the guidance document.
There are several appendices that provide supplemental information to the guidance
document. These appendices are as follows:
A. Overview of Storm Water and Wetlands Programs
B. Summary of Federal Programs and Tools Related to the Discharge of Vessel
Sewage
C. Relevant Federal Regulations on Vessel Sewage
D. Sample §312(f)(3) No Discharge Area Application
E. List of Contacts
F. Annotated List of References Related to the Discharge of Vessel Sewage
Executive Summary
E-2 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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Section 1: Introduction
How can a state/local official's jurisdiction address vessel
sewage discharges?
One source of water pollution - sewage released or discharged from recreational and
commercial vessels ~ has been in the spotlight recently. Although the volume of sewage
discharged from vessels is less than pollution resulting from other sources (e.g.,
agricultural runoff, industrial effluent), the areas where this type of pollution usually
occurs are particularly vulnerable. Typically marinas are located in areas where flushing
occurs at a slow rate, therefore, any pollutants deposited in the area may remain there
or only be slowly flushed out. Proper marina design and location can help alleviate some
of the flushing-related problems. Many shellfish harvesting beds and recreational
swimming areas are naturally located near marinas or other low-flushing areas. The
presence of raw sewage hi these and other sensitive areas can pose a health threat to the
general public. In addition, the aesthetic value of an area can be damaged with the
presence of sewage.
Section 312 of the Clean Water Act (CWA), and subsequent Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) regulations (40 CFR Part 140), provides state and local governments the
opportunity to apply for the approval of a defined area as a "No Discharge Area." This
Federal approval allows for complete prohibition of the discharge of treated and untreated
vessel sewage into the waters of an approved No Discharge Area. This approval is one
of the primary tools available to state and local governments to provide additional
protection of waters from vessel sewage discharges.
This document is designed to provide state and local government personnel, who are
interested hi protecting waters within their jurisdiction from sewage discharged from
recreational or commercial vessels, with both basic and detailed information on the
relevant regulations, key issues, and possible solutions to the problem. In addition to this
background information, the guidance document focuses on the procedures of
implementing No Discharge Area approvals for vessel sewage under CWA §312. This
document may also be a useful reference for marina owners and operators.
Although this document focuses on the issue of vessel sewage discharges, it is recognized
that state and local officials and other readers may be interested hi marina-generated
discharges unrelated to vessels (e.g., storm water runoff). Information is provided hi
Appendix A on two fundamental Federal government-sponsored programs which address
marina-generated discharges. These programs are the EPA National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) Storm Water Program and the EPA/U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers Wetlands Program.
In addition to this introduction, the guidance document has five sections beginning with
background information on the issue and leading to more detailed, specific guidance
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
1-1
Introduction
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needed to apply for a No Discharge Area and strategies to achieve compliance in an
approved No Discharge Area. The organization of this guidance document is centered
around six questions related to the control of recreational and commercial vessel sewage
discharges. Each of the six sections of the document provides answers to one of the
questions. These questions and their corresponding section numbers and titles are
presented in Exhibit 1. The content of each section is briefly summarized below.
• Section 2: Background Information. This section provides a basic
foundation of knowledge on marine sanitation devices, sanitary waste reception
facilities (i.e., pumpout facilities, portable toilet dump stations), and issues
related to vessel sewage discharge and management which are relevant to the
remainder of the guidance document.
• Section 3: Overview of Key Federal Statutes and Regulations. The four
Federal laws most relevant to this issue, and the related regulations, are
summarized in this section. These laws are the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act of 1956 (also referred to as the Clean Water Act), the Clean
Vessel Act of 1992, and the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 and the
Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendment of 1990.
• Section 4: Guidelines for No Discharge Area Application Process under
CWA §312. For governments that plan on proposing an area to EPA for No
Discharge Area approval under CWA §312(f)(3), §312(f)(4)(A), or
§312(f)(4)(B), this section provides step-by-step instructions on how to prepare
and submit the application.
• Section 5: Relationship of CWA §312(f)(3) No Discharge Area Application
Requirements to Other Federal Programs. For governments that have
already developed a Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program or applied
for a grant under the Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant Program, this section
correlates elements of these programs with the CWA §312(f)(3) No Discharge
Area application requirements.
• Section 6: Strategies to Achieve Compliance in the No Discharge Area.
This section provides guidance on public outreach and enforcement after EPA
approves a No Discharge Area application.
Six appendices at the end of the document provide additional reference material:
• Appendix A: Overview of Storm Water and Wetlands Programs.
Information on two programs that address marina-generated discharges that are
not related to vessels is provided in this appendix. These programs are the
EPA NPDES Storm Water Program and the EPA/U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers Wetlands Program.
Introduction
1-2
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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Exhibit 1
Overview Of Guidance Document
How can a state/local official's
jurisdiction address vessel sewage
discharges?
What are the key issues and
basic terminology related to the
discharge of vessel sewage?
What are the key Federal laws and
regulations related to
vessel sewage discharge?
What information needs to be
provided in a CWA §312 No
Discharge Area application?
Clean Vessel Act Pumpout
Grant Program
How can information developed
for these programs be used to
apply for approval of a CWA
J312(f)(3) No Discharge Area^
Coastal Nonpoint Pollution
Control Program
Section 1
Introduction
Section 2
Background
Information
Section 3
Overview of Key
Federal Statutes and
Regulations
Section 4
Guidelines for No
Discharge Area
Application Process
under CWA §312
Section 5
Relationship of CWA
§312(f)(3) No Discharge
Area Application
Requirements to Other
Federal Programs
What steps can be taken to
achieve compliance in the No
Discharge Area after approval by
EPA?
Section 6
Strategies to Achieve
Compliance in the No
Discharge Area
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 1-3
Introduction
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Appendix B: Summary of Federal Programs and Tools Related to the
Discharge of Vessel Sewage. Appendix B provides a summary of the key
financial, technical, and policy programs and related tools, sponsored by the
U.S. Federal government, which provide support to organizations and
governments on the subject of vessel sewage discharges.
Appendix C: Relevant Federal Regulations on Vessel Sewage. Several
Federal regulations are referenced throughout the guidance document. Copies
of the following key relevant Federal regulations are provided for the guidance
document user.
40 CFR Part 140: EPA Marine Sanitation Device Standard
Regulations
33 CFR Part 159 (Subpart A): U.S. Coast Guard Marine Sanitation
Device Regulations
50 CFR Part 85: Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant Program (Federal
Register. Vol. 59, No. 47, March 10, 1994, pp. 11204-11209)
Clean Vessel Act: Pumpout Station and Dump Station Technical
Guidelines (Federal Register. Vol. 59, No. 47, March 10, 1994, pp.
11290-11306)
Appendix D: Sample §312(f)(3) No Discharge Area Application. As a tool
for the guidance document user, this appendix provides a complete
hypothetical sample application for approval of an area as a No Discharge
Area under CWA §312(f)(3). Each part of this sample application is presented
and discussed separately throughout Section 4 (Guidelines for No Discharge
Area Application Process under CWA §312).
Appendix E: List of Contacts. A list of contacts by contact category (e.g.,
Federal) is provided hi Appendix E. The list can be used to obtain additional
information on Federal programs of interest in Appendix B as well as other
programs implemented at a state or local level.
Appendix F: Annotated List of References Related to the Discharge of
Vessel Sewage. An annotated list of references has been compiled on
documents related to the issue of sewage discharge from vessels. The
guidance document user will find the list to be a useful tool when additional,
in-depth information is desired on a specific topic. A key word guide is
available near the front of the appendix to provide easy access to information.
Introduction
1-4
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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Section 2: Background Information
What are the key issues and basic terminology related to the
discharge of vessel sewage?
There is some basic terminology related to sanitary waste from vessels which would be
helpful to learn or review before proceeding. The folio whig sections provide regulatory
background and definitions relevant to marine sanitation devices, describe the different
types of marine sanitary waste reception facilities, and provide an overview of sewage
discharge and management issues. Terminology highlighted in a box provides detailed
definitions or other basic information pertaining to the section, but can usually be skipped
or quickly reviewed by those with a general knowledge of the subject.
For supplemental information on topics related to the discharge of sanitary waste from
vessels, an annotated list of references, including a. key word guide, is provided in
Appendix F.
2.1 Marine Sanitation Device Definitions and Background
Under Section 312 of the Clean Water Act (CWA), a marine sanitation device,
commonly referred to as a MSD, "includes any equipment for installation on board a
vessel which is designed to receive, retain, treat, or discharge sewage, and any process
to treat such sewage." A MSD is a permanently installed device connected to the
vessel's marine head, or toilet.
Two U.S. Federal government agencies, the EPA and the U.S. Coast Guard, have been
given authority through CWA §312 to regulate MSDs. EPA is responsible for
establishing standards of performance (effluent levels) for vessel MSDs (see 40 CFR Part
140). The U.S. Coast Guard is responsible for providing MSD certification, design,
construction, and testing regulations consistent with these EPA standards (see 33 CFR
Part 159). Section 3 of this guidance document provides a detailed discussion of the
CWA and the MSD regulations.
There are three types of MSDs (I, II, and HI) used to meet different needs and effluent
level requirements.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
2-1
Background Information
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MSB Types
Type I This MSD is a flow-through type where the sewage is filtered through an on-board
(Vessel treatment system and men directly discharged. The Type I MSD is required to
size = produce an effluent having a fecal coliform bacteria count not greater than 1,000
<65 ft.) per 100 milliliters and no visible floating solids. Type I devices rely on
maceration and disinfection for treatment of the sanitary waste prior to discharge
into the water.
Type n This MSD is a larger flow-through type device. The Type II MSD is required to
(Vessel produce an effluent having a fecal coliform bacteria count not greater than 200 per
size = 100 milliliters and suspended solids not greater than 150 milligrams per liter. The
>65 ft.) Type n device is similar to the Type I; however, the Type II provides an advanced
form of the same type of treatment and discharges wastes with lower fecal coliform
and suspended solids counts.
Type EH This MSD is designed to prevent the overboard discharge of treated or untreated
(All sewage. Type III MSDs are commonly called holding tanks because the sewage
vessel flushed from the marine head is deposited into a tank containing deodorizers and
sizes) other non-treatment chemicals. The contents of the holding tank are stored until
the boater can properly dispose of them at a shoreside pumpout facility. Type III
MSDs can be equipped with a discharge option, usually called a Y-valve, which
allows the boater to direct the sewage from the head either into the holding tank or
directly overboard (which is legal only outside the U.S. navigable waters, or 3 or
more miles from shore).
As of January 30, 1980, a vessel must be equipped with one of the three MSE) types if
the vessel has an installed toilet. Since portable toilets can be moved on and off a vessel,
they are not considered installed toilets, therefore, they are not subject to the MSD
regulations. Vessels over 65 feet in length are required to equip all installed toilets with
a Type E or Type HI MSD.
2.2 Overview of Sanitary Waste Reception Facility Types
For vessels that are not equipped with Type I or Type II MSDs, there are several types
of reception facilities designed to receive sanitary waste generated on vessels. For
boaters who use Type HI MSDs, or holding tanks, shoreside pumpout stations empty the
holding tank and dispose of the sewage. Portable toilets can also be emptied at some
pumpout stations, but it is becoming more common to have a separate, designated
facility, called a dump station, for dumping the contents of portable toilets.
2.2.1 Pumpout Facilities
For vessels using Type HI MSDs, shoreside facilities need to be available to periodically
empty, or pump out, the holding tank contents. There are four general types of pumpout
facility systems: stationary; mobile; portable; and remote operated multi-station. These
pumpout systems use one of five types of pumps to collect sewage from vessel holding
tanks: centrifugal, reciprocating, vacuum, flexible vein impeller, and progressive cavity.
Background Information
2-2
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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Stationary Pumpout System
The most common type of pumpout system is positioned at a centralized stationary
location (i.e., pier, dock, or bulkhead) in a port or marina. This type of pumpout facility
has one or more hoses available for pumping out holding tanks. Vessels temporarily
dock, attach a flexible hose to the vessel's holding tank deck fitting, and the pump
empties the holding tank contents into an onshore holding tank, a truck equipped with a
holding tank, or a wastewater collection and treatment system (either public or private).
This type of pumpout facility is also referred to as a marina-wide system because it
services the entire marina from one location, so each vessel must come to the dock to
use the pumpout.
Mobile Pumpout System
A mobile pumpout system is similar to the stationary pumpout system, however, the
equipment is situated on a vessel instead of onshore. This type of system is more
adaptable than the shoreside stationary system because the pumpout can relocate to
wherever a vessel is moored, docked, or anchored and, therefore, can usually
accommodate vessels with deeper draughts than shoreside facilities The sewage pumped
out of vessels is stored in a large holding tank which is then emptied into a stationary
pumpout system or directly into an onshore wastewater collection and treatment system.
Portable Pumpout System
The portable pumpout system is typically a cart, or other movable object, equipped with
a pump mechanism and a small holding tank. The entire system is moved around the
dock or marina to service vessels docked at any location. The contents of the system's
holding tank are discharged periodically into a larger holding tank or to an on-site
wastewater collection and treatment system. This collection system usually requires more
operation and maintenance attention than the other collection systems.
Remote Operated Multi-Station System
The remote operated multi-station system, also known as a slipside system, has
permanently-installed pumpout hoses that connect to each vessel slip in the marina. It
is a less common collection system primarily because of the greater cost of design and
installation. This type of system provides continuous wastewater collection on demand,
therefore, it is useful hi areas with a high percentage of live-aboards. The wastewater
collected through each hose is fed into a central holding tank for disposal.
2.2.2 Portable Toilet Dump Stations
Many smaller vessels are not equipped with installed toilets, therefore, if they provide
on-board sanitary facilities, they use portable toilets. Some marinas use a designated stall
in the public restrooms as a dump station for portable toilets. This approach is not
recommended, as it can be very unsanitary and hazardous. The best alternative is the
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
2-3
Background Information
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installation of a portable toilet dump station which is designed to provide a sanitary
receiving unit for dumping the contents of the portable toilet and for rinsing it out.
2.3 Overview of Sewage Discharge and Management Issues
The discharge of sewage from vessels is considered to be a type of nonpoint source
pollution. Point sources of pollution include water pollutants that originate from a
specific location (e.g., outlet pipe from an industrial facility into a river). Conversely,
types of nonpoint source pollution originate from an undefined location (e.g., streambank
and shoreline erosion). The following sections discuss the environmental concerns,
management issues, and vessel sewage treatment issues related to the nonpoint pollution
source of vessel sewage.
2.3.1 Environmental Concerns
The discharge of raw and partially treated sewage poses a serious threat to the
surrounding environment. The introduction of microbial pathogens, one of the harmful
elements of sewage, into the environment can cause a significant degradation of water
quality. The degree to which the environment is affected depends on the characteristics
of the waterbody polluted by the sewage. Low flushing areas (e.g., bays with a small
outlet/inlet) are more susceptible to the effects of discharged sewage than those areas that
have greater hydrologic flushing activity (e.g., oceans).
This degradation of water quality has its effects on the marine habitat and recreational
and tourism activities in the contaminated area. The presence of sewage in. water
increases biological oxygen demand (BOD) which then affects the production, growth,
and sanitation of fish and shellfish. The presence of sewage can also close beaches and
swimming areas as a measure to protect the public's health. Even perceptions of waste
problems caused by infrequent closures can result hi a reduction hi the usefulness of a
beach to recreational users.
Not only is the presence of raw sewage hi water potentially harmful, but treated sanitary
waste can also be detrimental to the environment. The sewage discharged by MSDs is
treated with chlorine, quaternary ammonia, and formaldehyde, which can all pose threats
to the marine environment, especially if present hi substantial, concentrated amounts.
2.3.2 Management Issues
Besides the environmental issues related to the discharge of vessel sewage, mere are
several considerations for management of proper sewage disposal. These issues include:
• Effective education of the boater, marina owner/operator, and Publicly Owned
Treatment Works operator of proper disposal practices for vessel sev/age;
• Practical and effective discharge enforcement techniques; and
Background Information
2-4
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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• Appropriate methods of disposal for boater sanitary waste after collection at
the pumpout facility or dump station.
Section 6 (Strategies to Achieve Compliance in the: No Discharge Area) discusses the
issues related to public education and enforcement.
2.3.3 Cooperation of Publicly Owned Treatment Works
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) are sometimes reluctant to accept sanitary
waste that has been collected from vessels because they think that the disinfecting
chemicals and deodorizers used hi MSDs harm the biological processes used at the
POTWs. There have been several studies (see Appendix F) that address this issue and
suggest that this reluctance is unfounded. The other potential problem with POTWs
treating vessel sewage is the high concentration of sewage to water in comparison to
normal household sewage. POTWs on the Great Lakes have accepted vessel sewage for
more than 20 years without any treatment or operation problems. Any obstacles related
to vessel sewage acceptance by POTWs can generally be overcome by making
arrangements between the waterfront facilities offering pumpout and dump services and
the POTW. The state can assist marinas facing this challenge by drafting a letter to the
POTW written on behalf of the marina that states the POTW should accept vessel sewage
from the marina's pumpout facility and/or dump station.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
2-5
Background Information
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Section 3: Overview of Key Federal Statutes and Regulations
What are the key Federal laws and regulations related to
vessel sewage discharge?
There are three key Federal laws which relate to the discharge of sewage from vessels
into waterways. These statutes, including their subsequent amendments, are:
• Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1956 (also referred to as the Clean
Water Act);
• Clean Vessel Act of 1992; and
• Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA) and Coastal Zone Act
Reauthorization Amendment of 1990 (CZARA).
These laws and the relevant regulations are described in the following sections. See
Appendix C for copies of the relevant regulations.
3.1 Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1956
(Clean Water Act)
Section 312 (33 U.S.C. 1322) of the Clean Water Act (CWA), entitled "Marine
Sanitation Devices," provides the Federal laws pertaining to MSDs. Among other things,
CWA §312:
• Identifies which new and existing vessels are expected to comply with the law
and when compliance is mandatory.
• Allows states to "adopt and enforce a statute or regulation with respect to
design, manufacture, or installation or use of any marine sanitation device on
a houseboat, if such statute or regulation is more stringent than" those
standards established under the Act.
• Provides an opportunity for states to apply for a complete prohibition of vessel
sewage discharge, treated and untreated, in some or all of the state's waters
(CWA §312 otherwise generally provides that states may not regulate MSDs).
• Establishes fines for non-compliance (individuals who operate a vessel with an
installed toilet, which is not connected to a certified MSD on the U.S.
navigable waters, are subject to a civil penalty of not more than $2,000 for
each violation).
The U.S. Coast Guard (or any other Federal or state government entity under agreement
with the U.S. Coast Guard) is responsible for enforcing the provisions of CWA §312.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
3-1
Federal Statutes and Regulations
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CWA §312 designates the EPA with responsibility for developing effluent performance
standards for MSDs. The Act also designates the U.S. Coast Guard as the agency
responsible for providing MSD design, construction, installation, and operation
regulations, and for certifying and enforcing compliance of the MSDs with the EPA
regulations.
CWA §312 also provides states with the opportunity to apply to EPA for a complete
prohibition of vessel sewage (treated and untreated) in all or some of a state's waters.
The area designated for no discharge, if approved by EPA, is called a No Discharge
Area. There are three parts of CWA §312 that are related to the establishment of No
Discharge Areas.
§312(f)(3). After the effective date of the initial standards and regulations
promulgated under this section, if any State determines that the protection and
enhancement of the quality of some or all of the waters within such States require
greater environmental protection, such State may completely prohibit the discharge
from all vessels of any sewage, whether treated or not, into such waters, except
that no such prohibition shall apply until the Administrator determines that adequate
facilities for the safe and sanitary removal and treatment of sewage from all vessels
are reasonably available for such water to which such prohibition would apply.
Upon application of the State, the Administrator shall make such determination
within 90 days of the date of such application.
§312(f)(4)(A). If the Administrator determines upon application by a State that the
protection and enhancement of the quality of specified waters within such State
require such a prohibition, he shall by regulation completely prohibit the discharge
from a vessel of any sewage (whether treated or not) into such waters.
§312(f)(4)(B). Upon application by a State, the Administrator shall, by regulation,
establish a drinking water intake zone in any waters within such State and prohibit
the discharge of sewage from vessels within that zone.
Most states have designated and gamed approval of No Discharge Areas under
§312(f)(3). This method requires the state to demonstrate a need for the discharge
prohibition and the existence of adequate sanitary waste reception facilities. The other
two methods under CWA §312 typically have fewer conditions to meet because the
proposed No Discharge Area is an area of particular environmental importance
[§312(f)(4)(A)] or is a proposed drinking water intake zone [§312(f)(4)(B)]. The relevant
regulations promulgated under CWA §312 are described in the following section.
3.1.1 40 CFR Part 140: EPA Marine Sanitation Device Standards
CWA §312 authorizes the EPA to develop regulations on the standard of performance
for MSDs (see 40 CFR Part 140). The standard only applies to vessels equipped with
installed toilets. The first part of the standard applies to vessels traveling on waters
which are land-locked and do not have interstate traffic. MSDs on these vessels must
Federal Statutes and Regulations
3-2
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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be designed and operated so that no discharge of sewage, either treated or untreated,
occurs. The second part of the standard pertains to all other waters and provides specific
effluent levels MSDs must meet.
As provided for in GWA §312, the EPA regulations also provide states with the
opportunity to apply for a No Discharge Area, or a complete prohibition of vessel
sewage (treated and untreated) in all or some of a state's waters. There are seven
application and information requirements given in 40 CFR §140.4(a) of the regulation.
The information required includes:
(1) A certification that the protection and enhancement of the waters described
in the petition require greater environmental protection than the applicable
Federal standard;
(2) A map showing the location of commercial and recreational pumpout
facilities;
(3) A description of the location of pumpout facilities within waters designated
for no discharge;
(4) The general schedule of operating hours of the pumpout facilities;
(5) The draught requirements on vessels that may be excluded because of
insufficient water depth adjacent to the facility;
(6) Information indicating that treatment of wastes from such pumpout facilities
is in conformance with Federal law; and
(7) Information on vessel population and vessel usage of the subject waters.
Another section of the regulation, 40 CFR §140.4(b), states that these requirements may
not need to be met, contingent on approval of an application by EPA under CWA
§312(f)(4)(A) and (B), if the waters proposed for a No Discharge Area are of particular
environmental importance (e.g., Boundary Waters Canoe Area), or if a state wishes to
establish a drinking water intake zone.
3.1.2 33 CFR Part 159 (Subpart A): U.S. Coast Guard Marine Sanitation
Device Regulations
CWA §312 directs the U.S. Coast Guard to develop regulations on certification
procedures, design, construction, installation, operation, maintenance, and testing of
MSDs. In addition, the regulations provide MSD requirements for vessel manufacturers
and operators, including the requirement that all installed toilets must be equipped with
a MSD. The regulations also provide definitions and effluent levels for Type I, II, and
III MSDs.
3.2
Clean Vessel Act of 1992
The Clean Vessel Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-587, Subtitle F) provides funding to states for
the "construction, renovation, operation, and maintenance" of additional pumpout
facilities and sanitary waste reception facilities at marinas and other vessel facilities.
.Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 3-3
Federal Statutes and Regulations
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The Act authorizes the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to award grants,
on a competitive basis, to states for the construction of new facilities, renovation,
operation, and maintenance of existing facilities, and implementation of an
education/information program. Coastal states may also receive grants for conducting
surveys of the status of existing facilities and the need for additional facilities.
3.2.1 50 CFR Part 85: Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant Program
Under authority of Section 5604 of the Clean Vessel Act, this interim rule specifies the
requirements for participation in the Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant Program. The
rule covers information collection, record keeping, and reporting requirements, eligible
grant activities, grant application procedures, grant proposal guidelines, the grant
selection criteria and processes, and conditions on the use and acceptance of funds
granted (e.g., fee charges for use of facilities, maintenance of facilities).
3.2.2 Clean Vessel Act:
Guidelines
Pumpout Station and Dump Station Technical
Under authority of Section 5605 of the Clean Vessel Act, technical guidelines were
issued to provide states with technical information for evaluating the adequacy, type, and
location of pumpout stations and dump stations, surveying and developing plans for
pumpout stations and dump stations, developing education and information plans, and
constructing pumpout stations and dump stations.
3.3 Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA) and Coastal
Zone Act Reauthorization Amendment of 1990 (CZARA)
The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA) was enacted to protect the coastal
zone of the United States. CZMA's significant amendment hi 1990, referred to as the
Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendment (CZARA), strengthened provisions for
protecting coastal waters though expanded control of nonpoint source pollution. CZARA
requires each state that has an approved coastal zone management plan to develop and
submit a Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program to help control nonpoint pollution
along the U.S. coastline.
After enactment of CZARA, EPA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) developed guidance for development of the Coastal Nonpoint
Pollution Control Programs, as well as guidance for the development of best management
measures and practices for marinas and other nonpoint pollution sources. This guidance
includes management measures and related practices for sewage facilities (pumpout
facilities, dump stations, and shoreside restrooms).
Federal Statutes and Regulations
3-4
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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Section 4: Guidelines for No Discharge Area Application Process
under CWA §312
What information needs to be provided in
a CWA §312 No Discharge Area application?
The best tool that a state or local government can use for protection of waters from
recreational and commercial vessel sewage discharges is designation of an area as a No
Discharge Area. Vessels traveling in a No Discharge Area are prohibited from
discharging both treated and untreated sewage from vessels. As noted in Section 3
(Overview of Key Federal Statutes and Regulations), the requirements for applying
to EPA for approval of a No Discharge Area under CWA §312 are provided hi
40 CFR Part 140. Section 4 provides guidance on the three methods available under
CWA §312 [(f)(3), (0(4)(A), and (f)(4)(B)] for a state to designate an area as a No
Discharge Area.1
Each section below focuses on one of these three methods and provides a step-by-step
process for fulfilling the regulatory application requirements and supplying supplemental
information on the proposed area which would be helpful for the EPA reviewers to make
an informed and balanced decision. Section 4.1 describes the No Discharge Area
application guidelines for CWA §312(f)(3). Section 4.2 provides guidelines for a No
Discharge Area application under CWA §312(f)(4)(A). Section 4.3 describes the No
Discharge Area application guidelines for CWA §312(f)(4)(B).
4.1 No Discharge Area Application Guidelines for §312(f)(3)
The sections below discuss the requirements that need to be fulfilled hi an application for
No Discharge Area approval under Clean Water Act (CWA) §312(f)(3). An expanded
interpretation of these requirements is presented to help the guidance document user
enhance the application submitted for EPA approval, There are eight sections within
these guidelines. Each of the first seven sections is related to one of the seven
requirements from the EPA MSD regulations (40 CFR. §140.4(a)(l)-(7), respectively; see
Section 3.1.1). In the first part of each regulatory requirement section, the essential
information that is specifically stated in the regulation and should be included in the
application to fulfill the requirement is discussed. In the second part of each requirement
section and hi the eighth section, optional information and data are suggested for
inclusion in the application.
See Section 3.1 for a complete description of the three methods under CWA §312 by which a state may
prohibit vessel sewage discharge in a specified area. The method under CWA §312(f)(3) is the most
common one used by states. It requires the state to demonstrate a need for the discharge prohibition
and the existence of adequate sanitary waste reception facilities. The other two methods under CWA
§312(f) [(4)(A) and (4)(B)] typically have fewer conditions to meet because the proposed No Discharge
Area is an area of particular environmental importance or is a proposed drinking water intake zone.
Vessel/Marina Discharge -Guidance
4-1
Application Guidelines
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Sample Application
Table of Contents
1.0 GREATER PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT CERTIFICATION 1
2.0 FACILITY INFORMATION 2
2.1 Map of Sanitary Waste Reception Facilities 2
2.2 Description of Facility Locations and Types 4
2.3 Facility Operation and Maintenance . 6
2.3.1 Facility Accessibility 7
2.3.2 Facility Maintenance Plans ; 7
2.3.3 Completion of Proposed Facilities 8
2.4 Facility Draught Requirements 9
2.5 Facility Waste Treatment Methods 10
3.0 VESSEL POPULATION AND USAGE IN PROPOSED AREA 11
4.0 OTHER INFORMATION 13
4.1 Enforcement Plan 13
4.2 Local Discharge Ordinances 13
4.3 Public Education/Information Plan 14
4.4 Existing Point Source Pollution . . . . 14
Exhibits
Map 1: Bayside Channel Area • 3
Tables
Table 1: Marine Fisheries Fecal Coliform Data (per 100ml) 1
Table 2: Waste Reception Facility Locations by Type 5
Table 3: Facility Operation Information 6
Table 4: Vessel Draught Limitations for Facilities 9
Table 5: Vessel Population in Proposed No Discharge Area .' • 11
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4-2 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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To expedite preparation of the application, suggestions are provided in each section of
the guidelines on where to locate the information, how to interpret the information
collected, and how to effectively present it.
A complete sample application is provided hi Appendix D. In the following sections
which describe each regulatory requirement for the application, the relevant part of the
sample application is provided on the opposite page of the discussion. Reference codes,
set apart hi bold and brackets (e.g., [la]), are used to help the guidance document user
match the application guideline's text to the relevant part of the sample application. The
number hi the reference code refers to the section in which the sample is explained (e.g.,
a paragraph coded with [3b] is the second sample element explained in Section 4.1.3).
In general, the application should be clearly typed, include a table of contents and page
numbers, and, when possible, provide sources for data and information. Any
supplemental information included hi the application (e.g., copy of local ordinances) that
is more than two pages hi length should be attached to the back of the application as an
appendix.
The format shown in the sample application is presented only as a suggestion to the
applicant. The applicant can put the application in any format which best suits the
situation; however, use of section headings and organization consistent with those
presented hi the sample application will help expedite the EPA review. The facing page
provides the Table of Contents for the sample application.
It is recommended that the guidance document user read through the following discussion
on essential and optional information for each regulatory application requirement and
examine the sample application as it appears within the discussion of each requirement.
The applicant will then have a clearer understanding of why the essential and optional
information segments are important to the EPA before approving an area as a No
Discharge Area. A checklist is provided at the end of Section 4.1 which summarizes the
essential and optional information segments and can be used by the applicant as a
planning and tracking tool (see Exhibit 3).
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
4-3
Application Guidelines
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Sample Application
1.0 Greater Protection and Enhancement Certification
The Bayside Channel area is located just to the north of the City of Bayside. It is approximately
25 miles long and varies in width from 5 to 10 miles. Bayside Channel and its tributaries. Long
River, Surf Bay, Tidal Bay, and Island Bay, discharge to the Atlantic Ocean.
The surface waters associated with the Bayside Channel and its tributaries are important
economic and recreational resources. Specifically, the Channel and associated tributaries are
used in shellfish propagation or harvesting. Shellfish harvesting accounts for 200 total full-time
jobs during the spring and summer months (State Sea Grant Study). In addition, the Bayside
Channel includes approximately 1,000 acres of public and private beaches which are ussed for
recreational activities that account for 35,000 visitor-days during the spring and summer
months (State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan).-
Over the past 10 years, recreational boating in the Channel has significantly increased. As
indicated in Table 1, fecal coliform levels in the Bayside Channel have increased during the
summer months when recreational vessels are on the Channel in great numbers. Based on the
increasing trends, it can be assumed that discharges from recreational vessels are impacting
the water quality. Due to these conditions, the surface waters are currently patrolled during
the summer months to control discharges of sanitary wastes from recreational vessels. Since
1987, several beaches and over 1,500 acres of shellfish harvesting areas have been closed due
to high levels of fecal coliform in the surface water. Therefore, greater protection of the
surface water is required than the applicable Federal standards to protect the degrading water
quality and stop the decline in the local economy which has been impacted by beach and
shellfish harvesting closures.
Table 1
Marine Fisheries Fecal Coliform Data (per 100ml)
Monitoring Site
Island Bay Dock
Long River
Tidal Bay Marina
Surf Bay Marina
3/91
1.1
0.8
0.4
1.0
6/91
8.6
3.2
1.2
4.0
8/91
8.4
4.2
3.2
4.4
4/92
N/A
0.6
N/A
0.5
6/92
6.4
5.1
4.0
3.2
8/92
6.7
4.8
3.2
4.2
Source: "Ocean State 305(b) Water Quality Assessment Report," Ocean State Environmental
Protection Agency, Division of Water, 1993, pp. 211-215.
For the protection and enhancement of waters used by the general public (for various
commercial and recreational marine activities), shellfish resources, and other marine life and
habitat, it is respectfully requested that a No Discharge Area be approved for the coastal
waters in the City of Bayside in Ocean County. This request is made in accordance with
40 CFR §140.4(a).
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4-4 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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4.1.1 Certification of Need for Greater Environmental Protection
No Discharge Area Application Requirement #1 (40 CFR %140.4(a)(l))i
"A certification that the protection and enhancement of the waters described in
the petition require greater environmental protection than
the applicable Federal standard."
Essential Information
• Certification of necessity for greater environmental protection
The application should begin with a brief overview of the proposed No Discharge Area,
'which is the subject of the application. The overview should present a compelling
argument that the proposed area is in need of greater environmental protection than the
current applicable Federal standards provide. As part of this certification, a rationale
should be provided which indicates the justification for the No Discharge Area approval.
For example, the proposed area may be affected by vessel sewage which has caused
beaches to close. Beach closures may substantially reduce tourism and thus, impact the
local economy.
An example of this section of the application can be found on the opposite page.
Section 1.0 of the sample application contains an example of the certification required
under the regulations. Specifically, paragraphs [la] and [Id] provide examples of the
introduction and required certification statements. Paragraph [Ib] provides a type of
rationale that supports the request for a No Discharge Area.
Optional Information
It is suggested that the applicant add some or all of the following information to the
certification described above:
• Description of specific resources
• Water quality data, such as fecal coliform counts
In addition to providing the certification of necessity for greater environmental
protection, it is helpful to strengthen the justification with supporting information and
data. Information which identifies the affected resources is helpful hi supporting the
rationale for certification. Examples of affected resources include shellfish harvesting
areas, fish spawning areas, and beaches. Once the resources have been identified,
indicate how these resources are being detrimentally affected (e.g., shellfish area
closings, fish kills, beach closures).
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
4-5
Application Guidelines
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This page is intentionally left blank.
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4-6 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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Providing data relating to fecal colifonn levels will also help support the rationale for
certification. Increases in fecal colifonn levels indicate that sanitary waste has increased
in the surface waters. The presence of fecal colifonn in the water may cause beaches
to close due to health risks from bacteria. Similarly, elevated levels impact the dissolved
oxygen in the water which may adversely affect the ecological community (e.g., shellfish
propagation, fish spawning). Other water quality data or information may also be useful
to prove that water quality is being affected and in torn affecting the local environment.
Water quality information and data can be obtained by the applicant through contact with
the state water authority, which is typically located in the water division of the state's
environmental protection agency. The applicant should ask for a copy of the state's
305(b) water quality assessment report (this report is required under CWA §305(b)).
These reports are called different names in each state, but the report should be known
internally as the 305(b) report. This report will provide the applicant with water quality
information and data for major waterways hi the state, however, if more localized data
are needed, the applicant should contact the local (county or municipal) water authority.
Paragraph [Ic] on Page 1 of the sample application contains examples of the
supplemental infbrmation which can be incorporated into the certification statement. In
this example, the optional information provides fecal colifonn data which supports the
claim that the water quality has been impacted. It also identifies the resources which
have been affected and the possible impact on the environment and local economy.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
4-7
Application Guidelines
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Sample Application
Map 1: Bayside Channel Area
Atlantic
Ocean
Map 1:
- Bayside
Channel Area
Atlantic
Ocean
X
[I]
EP = Existing Pumpout Facility
PP = Proposed Pumpout Facility
ED = Existing Dump Station
PD = Proposed Dump Station
ER = Existing Restroom Facility
PR = Proposed Restroom Facility
; ; = Proposed No Discharge Area
Scale |llll|mi| \
(In Feet) 0 500 1000 2000
VS "-,«»
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4-8 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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4.1.2 Fumpout Facilities Map
No Discharge Area Application Requirement #2 (40 CFR §140.4(a)(2)):
"A map showing the location of commercial and recreational pumpout facilities."
Essential Information
• Map showing location of existing pumpout facilities in proposed area
Existing pumpout facilities that serve recreational and commercial vessels should be
clearly indicated on a map of the proposed No Discharge Area. Maps are available from
a variety of sources including county planning offices, the U.S. Geological Survey, and
the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. If there are several maps
available, a simple map would be a good selection since additional information will need
to be added to it. If the proposed area is widespread, more than one map can be
included hi the application as long as there is one overview map showing the entire area.
The other maps should be referenced on the overview map.
For ease of interpretation by the reviewer, the map(s) included hi the application should
include the following information:
• Scale (see [A] on Map 1 of sample application);
• North orientation symbol (see [B]);
- • Locator map (smaller map which places the proposed area into context; see
[C]);
• Delineation of proposed No Discharge Area (i.e., dotted line, shading,
coloring, or any other identifying mark; see [D] where a dotted line is used);
• Identification of all bodies of water (see PD]);
• Identification of relevant and significant cities and towns (see [F]);
• Location of all existing recreational and commercial pumpout facilities in the
area (see [G]); and
• Identification of pumpout facilities with unique identifying letters or numbers,
for reference and discussion purposes later in the application (see [H]).
Optional Information
It is suggested that the applicant add some or all of the following information to the map
described above:
• Location of proposed pumpout facilities
• Location of existing and proposed portable toilet dump stations
• Location of existing and proposed skoreside restrooms
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
4-9
Application Guidelines
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I
Sample Application
2.0 FACILITY INFORMATION
2.1 Map of Sanitary Waste Reception Facilities
[2a] The following map shows the geographic location of holding tank pumpout facilities, portable
toilet dump stations, and shoreside restrooms within the proposed Bayside Channel No
Discharge Area.
[2b] The three existing pumpout facilities in the area are identified on the map by an "EP" followed
by the number assigned for reference purposes (i.e., EP1, EP2, and EPS). The location of the
two proposed pumpout facilities are indicated on the map as PP1 and PP2. The two existing
dump stations are designated on the map by ED1, ED2, and EDS, while the two proposed dump
stations are shown as PD1 and PD2. The five existing shoreside restroom facilities are labeled
on the map as ER1, ER2, ER3, ER4, and ER5. There are no proposed restroom facilities at this
time.
Application Guidelines
4-10 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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If additional pumpout facilities are planned, these proposed pumpouts should be indicated
on the map. A brief description of each proposed facility's state of completion and
estimated completion date should be provided under the next application requirement
(#3).
The location of all types of sanitary waste reception facilities should be presented on the
map to provide a complete picture of the options boaters have to dispose of their sanitary
waste. In addition to the location of pumpout facilities, the geographic distribution of
existing and proposed shoreside public restrooms and portable toilet dump stations is also
important for determining availability of discharge alternatives. Since each facility type
has a different purpose hi the disposal of vessel sewage, all types of facilities should be
taken into consideration while evaluating the current situation in the proposed area.
As shown in Map 1 of the sample application, if all of these facilities are indicated on
the map, then a code system needs to be used to identify the geographic distribution of
the different facility types (see [H]). Any simple code system can be used, but each
facility (e.g., proposed pumpout facility, existing restrooms) should have a unique
identifier. The following codes were used for the sample application: EP = existing
pumpout facilities, PP = proposed pumpout facilities, ED = existing dump station,
PD = proposed dump station, ER = existing restrooms, and PR = proposed restrooms.
A legend should be established on the map which defines these codes (see |Tj). Each
type of facility indicated on the map was assigned a. unique number in addition to the
unique code (e.g., EP1, EP2).
The text preceding the map hi this section of the application should briefly explain the
map(s) used to present the geographic distribution of the sanitary waste reception
facilities in the proposed area (see [2a]). The code or reference system used to identify
the different types of facilities should also be explained here (see [2b]),
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 4-11
Application Guidelines
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2.2 Description of Facility Locations and Types
[3a] There are five waterfront facilities (e.g., docks, harbors, marinas), which will be subsequently
called marinas in this application, that operate pumpout facilities and/or dump stations in the
proposed Bayside Channel No Discharge Area. Map 1 in Section 2.1 of this application
provided an overview of the geographic distribution of the marinas in the area, however, a more
specific description of the location and type of each marina's sanitary waste reception facilities
is provided below:
[3b] Surf Bay Marina. This marina is located at the west end of Surf Bay about 0.75 miles from the
bay entrance off the northern end of the Bayside Channel. The marina currently operates one
stationary, marina-wide pumpout-facility, which is located directly to the right of the fuel dock
at the end of the middle pier. The pumpout facility also accommodates sanitary wastes; from
portable toilets.
Waterfront Marina. Due to the close proximity (approximately 0.5 miles) of this marina to Surf
Bay Marina, it does not currently operate either a pumpout facility or dump station. The
Waterfront Marina is closer to the bay entrance off the Bayside Channel than the Surf Bay
Marina, so Waterfront Marina has plans to purchase portable pumpout equipment and develop
a dump station (these plans are discussed in detail in Section 2.3 of the application).
Island Bay Dock. This marina is located in the northwest portion of Island Bay approximately
0.5 miles off the southern part of the Bayside Channel. Island Bay Dock is the only marina
located on the ocean-side of the Bayside Channel. Island Bay is a popular location for vessels
to moor, so the marina has operated a mobile pumpout facility (located on a vessel) for the past
5 years which services vessels in Island Bay. The shoreside marina facilities include a dump
station for portable toilets.
Tidal Bay Marina. This marina is located at the northern end of Tidal Bay, approximately 0.5
miles from the bay entrance from the southern part of the Bayside Channel. Tidal Bay Marina
operates one stationary, marina-wide pumpout facility which is located at the end of the fuel
dock. The pumpout facility is also a reception facility for portable toilet sanitary wastes.
Bayside Harbor. As shown in Map 1, this marina is located directly 0.5 miles south of the Tidal
Bay Marina in Tidal Bay. In the past, this harbor has referred its customers to the Tidal Bay
Marina for pumpout and dump services. Three months ago plans were developed to purchase
a portable pumpout system and construct a portable toilet dump station (these plans are
discussed in detail in Section 2.3 of the application).
The following table provides the names and addresses for the five facilities described above.
For reference, the codes assigned to each facility on Map 1 are presented next to each facility.
The table also summarizes the water body on which each facility is located and the number of
pumpout facilities or dump stations by system type for each facility.
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4-12 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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4.1.3 Description of Pumpout Facilities in Proposed No Discharge Area
No Discharge Area Application Requirement #3 (40 CFR §140.4(a)(3)):
"A description of the location of pumipout facilities within
waters designated for no discharge."
Essential Information
• Narrative description of number, type (e.g., portable), and location (e.g.,
fuel dock) of pumpout facilities
In addition to the map developed and included under Application Requirement #2, the
applicant needs to provide a brief narrative description for each holding tank pumpout
facility (both existing and proposed) identified on the map in the proposed No Discharge
Area. This discussion may be organized around each waterfront facility (e.g., marina,
dock, harbor), instead of each pumpout facility. (The applicant should pay close
attention to using the term "facility" to describe both a waterfront facility and a pumpout
facility. In the sample application (see [3a]), waterfront facility is assigned the synonym
"marina" to avoid confusion for the reviewer. Any appropriate synonym may be used
by the applicant to refer to the waterfront facilities, but this substitution should be clearly
indicated in the application.)
There are three important facts to provide in these descriptions:
1. The number of pumpout facilities at each marina.
2. The type of pumpout system(s) (i.e., portable, mobile, stationary, remote
operated multi-station) at each marina.
3. The specific location of each pumpout facility within the marina.
These pieces of information can be collected through several different methods. It is
important for the applicant to keep in mind that additional information will be needed
about these pumpout facilities to meet the information needs listed under Application
Requirements #4 and 5.
1. The information may be included hi a recent guide or list of marinas or water
recreation facilities (e.g., the "Waterway Guide" published by Communication
Channels, Inc. is an annual series of comprehensive guides for the Southern,
Mid-Atlantic, Northern, and Great Lakes regions). The applicant may also
contact the state department of natural resources or coastal zone management
office to potentially obtain a recent inventory of the state's marinas. This
method may also require calling each marina listed to update the information
provided hi the guide.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 4-13
Application Guidelines
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Sample Application
[3d
Table 2
Waste Reception Facility Locations by Type
Marina
Information
Surf Bay Marina
123 Surf Road
Bayside, US
01234
Waterfront
Marina
345 Surf Road
Bayside, US
01234
Island Bay Dock
1 2 Island Road
Bayside, US
01266
Tidal Bay
Marina
25 Tidal Road
Bayside, US
01244
Bayside Harbor
55 Tidal Road
Bayside, US
01244
Facility
Map
Codes
EP1/
ED1
PP1/
PD1
EP2/
ED2
EPS/
EDS
PP2/
PD2
Body
of
Water
Surf
Bay
Surf
Bay
Island
Bay
Tidal
Bay
Tidal
Bay
Number of Waste Reception Facilities by
Type and Location
Portable
Pumpout
0
*
0
0
*
1
Mobile
Pumpout
0
0
1
0
0
Stationary
Pumpout
1
0
0
1
0
Dump .
Station
1
*
1
1
*
Proposed facilities expected to be available by May.
Note: There are no remote operated multi-station systems in this area.
Sources: "Ocean County Boater's Guide" (Ocean County Division of Tourism, 1993);
and personal communication with owners/operators of Surf Bay Marina,
Waterfront Marina, Island Bay Dock, Tidal Bay Marina, and Bayside Harbor.
Application Guidelines
4-14 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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2. If a recreation facility guide or a similar information source is not readily
available and the proposed No Discharge Area is relatively small, the applicant
may be able to conduct an inventory of the marinas in the area to collect the
necessary pumpout facility information.
After completion of the facility information collection process, the applicant will then be
able to write a brief description of each marina, including the relative location of the'
marina and the type^ number, and location of pumpoiitt facilities in the proposed area (see
[3b]). One option for presentation of this information is for the applicant to develop a
table which would help summarize the information provided in these descriptions and
provide the reviewers with a useful look-up table. The table presented in the sample
application (see [3c]) provides the following informaition for each marina:
• Location and contact information (e.g., marina name, address, phone number);
• Applicable codes used hi the pumpout facility map;
• Waterbody in which the marina is located;, and
• Number of pumpout facilities by type.
Optional Information
It is suggested that the applicant also include the following information hi the application:
• Narrative description of number and location of dump stations
In addition to the essential locational information on pumpout facilities described above,
it would be helpful for reviewers to have similar information on the existing and
proposed portable toilet dump stations in the proposed No Discharge Area. This
information can be easily integrated into the descriptions for each marina (see [3b]) and
attached to the look-up table by adding an extra column to show the number of dump
stations for each marina listed (see [3c]>. This information should be available from the
same source(s) used to obtain pumpout facility information.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 4-15
Application Guidelines
-------
Sample Application
2.3 Facility Operation and Maintenance
The following table summarizes the operation information (i.e., hours, fees, and operating
capacity) for each pumpout facility and dump station within the proposed No Discharge Area.
The information provided for the proposed facilities is subject to change.
[4a] • Table 3
Facility Operation Information
Marina Information
Surf Bay Marina
William Smith
123 Surf Road
Bayside, US 01234
(123) 555-2424
Channel 16 VHF-FM
Waterfront Marina
Ed Johnson
345 Surf Road
Bayside, US 01 234
(123) 555-2300
Channel 1 6 VHF-FM
Island Bay Dock
Joseph Hill
12 Island Road
Bayside, US 01 266
(123) 555-1300
Channel 12 VHF-FM
Tidal Bay Marina
Susan Washington
25 Tidal Road
Bayside, US 01 244
(1'23) 555-1111
Channel 14 VHF-FM
Bayside Harbor
John Morrison
55 Tidal Road
Bayside, US 01 244
(123) 555-2222
Channel 14 VHF-FM
Facility
Map •
Code
EP1
ED1
PP1
PD1
EP2
ED2
EPS
EDS
PP2
PD2
Facility Hours of
Operation
April-October:
9am-8pm daily
November-March:
10arn-4pm daily
Same as EP1
M-F: 10am-6pm
Sat: 7am-7pm
Sun: 8am-7pm
Same as PP1
M-F: 10am-8pm
Sat: 9am-9pm
Sun: 9am-8pm
8am-9pm daily
M-Th: 10am-5pm
F&Sat: 7am-8pm
Sun: 8am-9pm
Same as EPS
M-F: 10am-7pm
Sat: 8am-8pm
Sun: 9am-9pm
Same as PP2
Facility Fee
Schedule
For customers:
Free
For others: $5
Free to public
Free to
customers
Free to public
$10
$2
For customers:
Free
For others: $8
Free to public
Free to
customers
Free to public
Facility
Operating
Capacity
10 gallons
per minute
N/A
5 gallons
per minute
N/A
12 gallons
per minute
N/A
10 gallons
per minute
N/A
5 gallons
per minute
N/A
Sources: Same sources as Table 2.
6
Application Guidelines
4-16 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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4.1.4 Schedule of Operating Hours of the Pumipout Facilities
No Discharge Area Application Requirement #4 (40 CFR §140.4(a)(4)):
"The general schedule of operating hours of the pumpout facilities."
Essential Information
• Schedule of operating hours for each pumpout facility
The application reviewers will be looking at the availability of the pumpout facilities
located hi the proposed No Discharge Area, therefore, the hours of operation for each
facility is an essential piece of information for the application. These hours may be
obtained from the same source(s) as the location and facility type information required
under Application Requirement #3.
For ease of presentation, a small table can be developed which provides the name of the
marina, the pumpout facility map code, and the hours the pumpout facility is operational
(see [4a]). In a case where the marina is only open on a seasonal basis or the hours of
operation change according to the season, the hours of operation should include the hours
and the months. The hours of operation should also reflect any daily changes (e.g.,
longer hours on weekends).
Optional Information
There are several pieces of information related to the operation of the sanitary waste
reception facilities hi the proposed No Discharge Area which would be helpful for the
application reviewers to know hi addition to the hours of operation for each pumpout
facility. These facility operation characteristics are:
» Schedule of operating hours for each dump station. The hours of operation
of each dump station hi the proposed area need to be provided hi a similar
manner as described under the Essential Information section for pumpout
facilities (i.e., include seasonal hours, days of the week). These hours provide
the reviewer with an indication of the availability of the portable toilet dump
stations.
• Fee schedule for each pumpout facility and dump station. It would be
helpful for the reviewer to know the fees charged for each of the pumpout
facilities and dump stations hi the proposed area to determine whether any of
the facilities preclude use to boaters on a financial basis. If the fee is less for
customers or patrons of the marina (e.g., boaters that moor then: vessels at the
marina, purchase items in a marine supply store, eat at a restaurant), then the
fees for both patrons and the general public should be indicated.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 4-17
Application Guidelines
-------
Sample Application
[4fa] 2.3.1 Facility Accessibility
Although the three marinas that currently operate pumpout facilities and dump stations in the
proposed No Discharge Area are all privately owned, access is given to all vessels. As shown
in the table above, however, reduced facility use prices are given to patrons at two of the
marinas.
[4c] 2.3.2 Facility Maintenance Plans
The stationary pumpout/dump facilities at Surf Bay Marina and Tidal Bay Marina are operated
by the customers. Signs are posted with the proper operating procedures, however, marina
personnel check on the facility several times a day (especially during periods of heavy use) to
prevent major problems (e.g., sewage lines become clogged if not rinsed properly) from
occurring. The pumpouts are both inspected and cleaned once a week and thoroughly checked
and repaired once a year (usually during the off-season).
The mobile pumpout service provided through a contract with Island Bay Dock is monitored for
maintenance or operational problems on a continuous basis because the owner of the pumpout
boat is also the operator. Approximately once a year the mobile pumpout is serviced and
repaired. The dump station located at Island Bay Dock is cleaned every night after closing the
marina office. The dump station does not require much maintenance.
Application Guidelines
4-18 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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• List of owner/operator for each pumpout facility and dump station.
Information on the operation of the pumpout facilities and dump stations
should include the name of the owner and/or operator of each facility to help
answer the question of whether the marina is publicly or privately owned and
operated. Also, hi case the reviewer chooses to contact one or two of the
facilities for more information or to verify information provided hi the
application, the phone number and VHF-FM channel should also be provided
with the owner/operator name for each facility. This information completes
the facility information provided for Application Requirement #3.
• Description of operating capacity of each pumpout facility. The reviewer
needs to determine how many vessels can be accommodated per day by the
pumpout facilities located hi the proposed No Discharge Area, therefore, the
applicant may want to provide the operating capacity, or gallons of sanitary
waste the pumpoiit can pump per minute, for each pumpout facility. This rate
is not applicable to dump stations.
For ease of preparation and presentation, the applicant is encouraged to develop a table
with the facility operation mformation for each marina (see [4a]).
There are three additional important optional pieces of information related to the
operation of the pumpout facilities and dump stations. This mformation is not easily
summarized in a table, so if the applicant wishes to include this additional mformation
in the application, then short descriptions will need to be developed.
• Description of accessibility of each pumpout facility and dump station. At
some marinas only the patrons are allowed to use the marina's sanitary waste
reception facilities. This information is important to provide hi the application
because if an area has only private, patron-only pumpout facilities, then the
general public is left without an option for sanitary waste removal from their
holding tanks. Only a brief description of the facility accessibility to the
general public hi the proposed area is needed (see [4b]).
• Maintenance plans for each pumpout facility and dump station. It is
important to provide reviewers with any planned maintenance schedules
available for the pumpout facilities and clump stations in the proposed No
Discharge Area. This mformation shows the level of effort that the
owners/operators of the facilities are expending to keep the facility hi good
working condition for its customers. A brief description of the process (e.g.,
weekly inspection, daily cleaning) used to maintain the facilities, which would
probably need to be obtained directly from each facility hi the proposed area,
is needed to include this information hi the application (see [4c]).
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 4-19
Application Guidelines
-------
Sample Application
[4d] 2.3.3 Completion of Proposed Facilities
In Section 2.2 above, there were two pumpout facilities and two dump stations described
which are expected to operate within the proposed No Discharge Area. Waterfront Marina and
Bayside Harbor are each expected to purchase equipment for a portable pumpout facility and
a dedicated portable toilet dump station. Partial funding for this equipment will come from the
Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant program. Upon receipt of the funds, which are estimated to
be dispersed in 2 months, the marinas will purchase the dump stations and portable pumpouts.
It is expected that they will be fully operational in time for the beginning of the boating season
in May. The anticipated hours of operation, fees, and pumpout operating capacity (gallons per
minute) are provided in the table at the beginning of this section.
Application Guidelines
4-20 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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Description of completion schedule for proposed pumpoutfacilities and dump
stations. As previously mentioned, it would be helpful for reviewers to know
when the proposed pumpout facilities and. dump stations are expected to be
operational. A brief description of the state of completion and the expected
date of opening for each facility would be useful information to include hi the
application (see [4d]).
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 4-21
Application Guidelines
-------
Sample Application
[5a]
2.4 Facility Draught Requirements
The following table provides information related to the physical accessibility of vessels to each
pumpout facility and dump station, including the mean low water depth adjacent to each
facility, the maximum draught of vessels excluded from each facility, and the estimated
percentage of vessels precluded from using each facility based on draught limitations. It is
estimated that 5 percent of vessels using the Bayside Channel area have a draught of more
than 6 feet, therefore, these vessels can access all the sanitary waste reception facilities in the
area except the pumpout facility at Bayside Harbor (upon completion). It is estimated that
vessels of this size would have a holding tank (MSD Type III), not a portable toilet, and would
require a pumpout facility.
There are no bridges in the proposed No Discharge Area, therefore, no maximum height
limitations exist.
Table 4
Vessel Draught Limitations for Facilities
Marina Name
Surf Bay
Marina
Waterfront
Marina
Island Bay
Dock
Tidal Bay
Marina
Bayside Harbor
Facility
Map Code
EP1
ED1
PP1
PD1
EP2
ED2
EPS
EDS
PP2
PD2
Mean Low
Water Depth
15 ft.
15ft.
12ft.
12 ft.
30ft.
12ft.
13 ft.
13ft.
10ft.
10ft.
Vessel Draught
Limitations
10ft.
10ft.
7ft.
7ft.
25 ft.
7ft.
8ft.
8ft.
6ft.
6ft.
% of Vessels
Excluded
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
5%
5%
Sources: Personal communication with owners/operators of Surf Bay Marina,
Waterfront Marina, Island Bay Dock, Tidal Bay Marina, and Bayside Harbor.
Application Guidelines
4-22 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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4.1.5 Vessel Draught Requirements at Facilities
No Discharge Area Application Requirement #5 (40 CFR §140.4(a)(5)):
"The draught requirements on vessels that may be excluded because of
insufficient water depth adjacent to the facility."
Essential Information
• Maximum draught of vessels excluded from each pumpout facility
• Mean low water depth adjacent to each pumpout facility
The application reviewer will need to know the physical accessibility of each pumpout
facility hi the proposed No Discharge Area for the general boating population. The
major restriction for vessel access to a marina is water depth. The regulations require
applicants to provide the draught limitations for vessels using the facilities, therefore, the
applicant needs to provide the mean low water level adjacent to each pumpout facility in
the area and the related draught limitations. This information, if not readily available,
can usually be located in a boating almanac or waterway guide (see sources listed under
Application Requirement #3). For coastal areas, the applicant may find this information
on a U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National Ocean Service (NOS) map or in NOS's "U..S. Coastal Pilot" series. As a last
source, the applicant may need to call each facility to obtain the draught limitations at
low tide.
If there are only a few (less than five or six) facilities in the area, then a short paragraph
describing the mean low water depths and vessel draught limitations adjacent to each
pumpout facility could be included in the application to fulfill this requirement.
However, if there are more than four or five pumpout facilities hi the area, then a small
table should be developed for ease of preparation by the applicant and presentation for
the reviewer (see [5a]).
Optional Information
If a table is being developed for the essential information described above, then the
following additional physical accessibility characteristics of each facility could easily be
added to the table. If a table is not being considered to present the essential information,
the applicant may not want to include the optional information hi the application.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 4-23
Application Guidelines
-------
This page is intentionally left blank.
Application Guidelines
4-24 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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Mean low water and draught limitations adjacent to each dump station. It
is just as important for the reviewer to know the draught limitations at the
dump stations as the pumpout facilities. By nature, however, smaller vessels
(with less draught) use dump stations more frequently than pumpout facilities.
If there is clearly no restriction to vessels using the dump stations, the
applicant could write one sentence describing this fact and not include the
draught information in the table.
Maximum height of vessels excluded from each pumpout facility and dump
station (if bridges exist in the area). In addition to depth or draught
limitations to certain areas, bridges or other overpasses may exclude vessels,.
of a certain height from access to a facility. If this is the case for the
proposed No Discharge Area, then these height restrictions should be included
in the application.
Percentage of vessels precluded from using facilities in the area. The
applicant should show the effect of these draught and/or height limitations on
the general boating public. The applicant: should estimate how many or what
percentage of vessels will be precluded from using each facility in the area.
The applicant could estimate this after obtaining statistics on vessel population
for Application Requirement #7. If a certain portion of the vessel population
would be precluded from using facilities, then the estimated percentage or
number of vessels should be indicated on the table described above. If there
would be no known effect on the boating population, then this fact should be
mentioned hi the application.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 4-25
Application Guidelines
-------
Sample Application
[6a]
2.5 Facility Waste Treatment Methods
The stationary pumpout facilities and dump stations located at Surf Bay Marina and Tidal Bay
Marina are linked directly into the Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant, which is located
15 miles from Surf Bay Marina and 7 miles from Tidal Bay Marina. Bayside Municipal Sewage
Treatment Plant has made an agreement with the State Department of Environment Protection
(DEP) to accept vessel sewage. Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant has consistently
met or exceeded DEP's and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's standards.
The mobile pumpout station that services the Island Bay Dock area retains vessel sewage on
board in a 300 gallon holding tank. Once a week, or more often when the tank level is near
capacity, the mobile pumpout boat travels to Tidal Bay Marina where a licensed septage hauler
meets the boat and unloads, or pumps out, the contents of the holding tank into the truck's
holding tank. The truck then transports the sanitary waste to the Bayside Municipal Sewage
Treatment Plant. The dump station at the Island Bay Dock deposits its contents into the on-site
septic system which is also used for the marina's restroom facilities. The restroom wastes are
mixed with the dump station wastes before entry into the septic system to help dilute wastes
from the portable toilets.
Vessel sewage collected at the proposed dump stations and portable pumpout facilities at
Waterfront Marina and Bayside Harbor will be emptied directly into the sewer system linked to
the Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant. The dump stations and portable pumpouts will
be emptied every day or when full, whichever comes first. •
10
Application Guidelines
4-26 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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4.1.6 Waste Treatment Information
No Discharge Area Application Requirement #6 (40 CFR §140.4(a)(6)):
"Information indicating that treatment of wastes from such pumpout facilities is in
conformance with Federal law."
Essential Information
• Narrative description of methods that will be used to dispose of sewage
collected from vessels at each pumpout facility
The regulations require applicants for No Discharge Area approval under CWA §312 to
briefly describe the sanitary waste treatment process that occurs at each facility after
collection of the waste from vessel holding tanks or portable toilets. There are basically
four acceptable disposal methods available, although the first two are preferable:
1. Discharge to a public wastewater collection system and treatment facility.
2. Discharge to a holding tank with removal and transport by a licensed septage
hauler to a municipal septage receiving/treatment facility.
3. Discharge to a package treatment plant with subsequent discharge back into
coastal waters.
4. Discharge to an on-site septic system.2
The applicant needs to describe the waste disposal process for each pumpout facility and
dump station (see [6a]). In most cases, the applicant will need to contact each facility
to obtain information on the waste disposal practices. This information can be organized
by location, by type of facility, or by disposal method. The applicant should also
indicate that these practices comply with current Federal, state, and local regulations and,
in some cases, explain how they comply.
Optional Information
If vessel sewage dump stations exist within the proposed No Discharge Area, the
following information should be provided in the application to ensure use of proper
disposal methods.
• Narrative description of methods that will be used to dispose of sewage
collected from vessels at each dump station
The methods of disposal for each dump station can be discussed simultaneously with the
pumpout facility disposal methods, as described above (see [6a]).
2 "Clean Vessel Act: Pumpout Station and Dump Station Technical Guidelines," Federal Register.
Vol. 59, No. 47, March 10, 1994.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 4-27
Application Guidelines
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This page is intentionally left blank.
Application Guidelines
4-28 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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4.1.7 Vessel Population and Usage Information
No Discharge Area Application Requirement #7 (40 CFR §140.4(a)(7j):
"Information on vessel population and vessel usage of the subject waters."
Essential Information
• Total number of recreational and commercial vessels that use the proposed
area on both a regular and transient basis
The vessel population within an area is considered to be the number of vessels that are
moored hi the area during peak periods of usage (i.e. 9 summer holiday weekend). Vessel
usage includes both the regular users (vessels originating within the area) and the
transient users (vessels originating outside the area). In general, it is easier to determine
the number of regular users than the total vessel usage of an area. There are several
sources for determining vessel population and usage. Typically, the applicant will need
to use more than one source and will often need to make qualified assumptions to derive
these estimates. The type of sources to use will depend on the geographic size of the No
Discharge Area. For proposed areas that consist of one or two enclosed bays, the
applicant may be able to rely on localized data collection results. For proposed areas
that are more expansive, the applicant should consult the results from one of two national
boating surveys (which are referenced in the following paragraph) and supplement this
information with local data.
For smaller proposed No Discharge Areas, the applicant should begin by contacting the
public and private marinas in the area, since these facilities often keep visitation and
long-term mooring registration records. Facilities can almost always provide information
on the number of slips and vessels launched from marinas. Another local source is the
state boating law administration office (see Appendix E for contacts). This office may
be able to provide boating population statistics by county and length of vessel; however,
many states do not keep registration records at this level of detail. The state boating law
administrator or the applicant's local Sea Grant College Program may also be able to
identify any local site-specific boating studies recently completed. Another potential
source for localized information is the state's Comprehensive Outdoor Recreational Plan
which is usually prepared by the state Department of Parks and Recreation (or
equivalent). If these sources are inadequate, especially for estimating peak boating usage
rates, then assumptions may be adapted from national statistics provided hi the secondary
sources listed below.
1.
"National Recreational Boating Survey: .Draft"Final Report, Volume 1 of 2";
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Coast Guard; prepared by Price
Waterhouse; March 1992.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 4-29
Application Guidelines
-------
Sample Application
[7a]
[7b]
3.0 VESSEL POPULATION AND USAGE IN PROPOSED AREA
The marinas in the Bayside Channel area keep records on the number and size of county-
registered and transient vessels. Although not all vessels use these five marinas, these
numbers combined with registration records for 'Ocean County should provide an accurate
estimate for vessel use in the Bayside Channel area. This area receives a significant level of
transient traffic, typically consisting of larger vessels equipped with MSDs (usually Type III).
The estimated number of transient vessels indicated in the table below represents the peak
number recorded or observed during Labor Day weekend last year. There are no commercial
vessels that currently use the Bayside Channel area.
Table 5
Vessel Population in Proposed No Discharge Area
Vessel Length
Over 40 feet
26 to 40 feet
16 to 26 feet
Less than 1 6 feet
TOTAL
Estimated Number
of Registered
Vessels
151
862
3,511
9,053
13,577
Estimated Number
of Transient Vessels
174
715
696
837
2,422
Total Estimated
Number of
Vessels
325
1,577
4,207
9,890
15,999
Sources:
Ocean County recreational vessel registration records; and mooring
registration records from Surf Bay Marina, Waterfront Marina, Island Bay
Dock, Tidal Bay Marina, cind Bayside Harbor.
11
Application Guidelines
4-30 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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2. "American Red Cross National Boating Survey: A Study of Recreational
Boats, Boaters, and Accidents in the United States"; U.S. Coast Guard;
prepared by the American Red Cross; 1991.
For applicants with larger proposed No Discharge Areas, marina interviews and site-
specific studies are not practical. For large areas, the applicant should start with the two
secondary sources listed above which contain vessel population statistics by state and an
average usage rate (user days per vessel) for the nation.
Many of the areas being proposed as No Discharge Areas are not used by significant
numbers of commercial vessels. When this is the case, applicants should note this fact.
However, if the proposed area does have significaint commercial traffic, commercial
vessel usage statistics can best be obtained from "Waterborne Commerce of the U.S."
(U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). Information on commercial traffic to and from major
ports is available from "Port Entrances and Clearances" (U.S. Department of
Commerce). Information on the number of documented vessels is available from the
U.S. Coast Guard Vessel Documentation Branch. However, this information should be
used with caution since it reflects the state in which the vessel was documented, not the
state where it is currently located.
The applicant should carefully document all sources and explain any assumptions (see
[7a]). For ease of preparation and presentation, the applicant should construct a small
table (see [7b]) to present the vessel population numbers. The applicant should provide
as much detail in the table of these population numbers (e.g., vessel length, registered
vs. transient) as available.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 4-31
Application Guidelines
-------
r
Sample Application
[7c]
According to the technical guidelines provided for the Clean Vessel Act (Federal Register. Vol.
59, No. 47, March 10, 1994, pp. 11290-11306), the Bayside Channel area would resquire
approximately three to four pumpout facilities and three dump stations. The pumpout facility
estimate of three to four is based on an estimated 845 vessels with holding tanks (or Type III
MSDs) with a peak occupancy rate (percent of vessels used on a holiday weekend) of 40
percent and one pumpout facility assumed to service 96 vessels per weekend. The estimate
of three dump stations assumes an estimate of 1,094 vessels with a portable toilet at a peak
occupancy rate of 40 percent in the area and one dump station able to service 144 vessels per
weekend.
As described in other sections of the application, there are currently three operational pumpout
facilities and three operational dump stations in the area. In addition, there are two pumpout
facilities and two dump stations proposed to be operational in several months which will
accommodate for any vessel population growth and conversions from Types I and II MSDs to
Type III MSDs.
12
Application Guidelines
4-32 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
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Optional Information
It is suggested that the applicant also include the following estimate in the application:
• Estimated number or percentage of vessels with Type III MSDs
An estimate of the number of vessels with holding tanks is helpful to determine whether
adequate sanitary waste reception facilities are available in the area. If this information
has already been calculated or estimated by a survey or other means, then the applicant
should provide these results in the application (see [7c]).
The technical guidelines for the Clean Vessel Act (see Section 3.2.2) provide formulas
for estimating the number of pumpout facilities and dump stations an area demands. The
formulas require the following information:
• Number of vessels, categorized by vessel length
• Percent of vessel population with holding tanks and portable toilets
• Peak occupancy rate (e.g., percent of vessels used on a holiday weekend)
• Number of vessels served per hour at pumpout facilities and dump stations
• Number of weekend operating hours at pumpout facilities and dump stations
Except for vessel population, general assumptions are provided for those variables of the
formula unknown to the user.
A worksheet is provided (see Exhibit 2) for the applicant to calculate the recommended
number of pumpout facilities and/or dump stations for an area. The applicant can
determine in Step 2 of the worksheet the estimated number of vessels with holding tanks
(or Type HI MSDs) in the proposed No Discharge Area if the applicant is able to
estimate the number of vessels that use the area, categorized by length of vessel. Unless
the applicant has a local study which estimates the percent of vessels with holding tanks
installed on board hi the area, the applicant should use the estimated percentages
provided for coastal and Great Lakes states hi the bottom part of the worksheet. The
calculation after Step 3 on the pumpout facility section of the worksheet estimates the
number of vessels hi the proposed area with holding tanks. Similar calculations can be
completed on the second page of the worksheet to derive the estimated number of vessels
with portable toilets. A similar table is provided with the estimated percent of vessels
with portable toilets for coastal and Great Lakes states. If enough information is
available for the applicant to calculate these estimates, the results should be provided in
the application, along with any assumptions used to determine these estimates.
*
The remainder of the pumpout facility and dump station worksheets could be completed
by the applicant to help justify the number of pumpout facilities and dump stations
currently available hi the proposed area. Again, local data should be used when
available. The applicant should include the results of these calculations (and an
explanation of any assumptions or sources used to derive these estimates) versus the
actual number of pumpout facilities and dump stations available.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 4-33
Application Guidelines
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Exhibit 2
Boater Sanitary Waste Reception Facility
Requirements Worksheet
Estimate of Required Pumpout Facilities
Enter average # of vessels served per hr. at pumpout (if unknown, use 4/hr.)
Enter average # of hrs. of operation per weekend (if unknown, use 24 hrs. per weekend)
Calculate estimated # of vessels served per pumpout facility
P*""!
mmm
Calculate estimated # of pumpout facilities required
1 s
:
Percent of Vessels with Holding Tanks by Coastal and Great
Lakes State (See Step #2)
State
Alabama
Alaska
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Illinois
Indiana
%
24.
34
38
52
25
33
31
17
41
16
State
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Missouri
Minnesota
Mississippi
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
%
17
40
45
45
50
50
23
37
6
52
State
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Texas
Virginia
Washington
Wisconsin
%
16
41
49
19
43
11
31
25
46
29
Source: "Clean Vessel Act: Pumpout Station and Dump Station Technical Guidelines," Federal Register. Vol. 59, No. 47,
March 10,1994; and "National Recreational Boating Survey: Sanitation Pumpout Questionnaire Tabulations," U.S.
Department of Fish and Wildlife Service, January 1992.
Application Guidelines
4-34 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
-------
Exhibit 2
Boater Sanitary
Requirements
Reception Facility
(ContM)
Estimate of Required Dump Stations
1 Enter # of vessels 16-26 ft. in length
Enter % of 16-26 ft. vessels w/portable toilets (see table below)
Calculate estimated total # of vessels w/portable toilets
Enter estimated peak occupancy rate (if unknown, use 40%)
Calculate estimated # of vessels requiring dump stations
4
Enter average # of vessels served per hr. at dump station (if unknown, use 1 2/hr.)
|
Enter average # of hrs. of operation per wkend. (if unknown, use 24 hrs. per wkend.)
Calculate estimated # of vessels served per dump station
in
Calculate estimated # of dump stations required
: j
Percent of Vessels with Portable Toilets by Coastal and
Great Lakes State (See Step #2)
State
Alabama
Alaska
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Illinois
Indiana
%
16
34
42
24
32
41
11
17
27
18
State
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Missouri
Minnesota
Mississippi
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
%
32
28
24
29
20
6
32
26
25
26
State
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Texas
Virginia
Washington
Wisconsin
%
25
28
29
30
25
23
30
37
35
18
Source: "Clean Vessel Act: Pumpout Station and Dump Station Technical Guidelines," Federal Register. Vol. 59, No. 47,
March 10,1994; and "National Recreational Boating Survey: Sanitation Pumpout Questionnaire Tabulations," U.S.
Department of Fish and Wildlife Service, January 1992.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 4-35
Application Guidelines
-------
Sample Application
4.0 OTHER INFORMATION
This section is included to provide additional information on how the No Discharge Area will
be enforced after EPA approval (including the local ordinances used to regulate the area), the
methods that will be used to educate and inform the boating public of the no discharge status,
and identification of other water pollution sources within the Bayside Channel area.
[8a] 4.1 Enforcement Plan
Both the Boating Division and Division of Shellfish Sanitation of the State Department of
Natural Resources will be responsible for enforcement of the No Discharge Area around the
Bayside Channel after approval of the area by EPA. The Division of Shellfish Sanitation has
authority to regulate and enforce the discharge of vessel sewage within and adjacent to
shellfish harvesting areas. Boating Division personnel enforce all other areas, but concentrate
their effort on heavy boating areas. Two years ago a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)
between the U.S. Coast Guard and the State Department of Natural Resources was established.
This MOU gives the state authority to enforce compliance with the current Federal regulations
related to disposal of vessel sewage.
On a local level, harbormasters in the public port areas assist the state personnel in boater
enforcement and education. All of the marinas in the proposed area are private waterfront
properties, however, the owners and operators have been cooperative in assisting the state in
encouraging boaters to properly dispose of their wastes. All vessels mooring at private marinas
must check in at the marina office to pay fees. At this time, the boaters are asked to
voluntarily sign a statement that they will not discharge any sewage (or other wastes) while
in the immediate marina area. This campaign was developed by Ocean County 2 years ago to
encourage voluntary boater compliance with the county's no discharge standard for the Bayside
Channel area.
Enforcement techniques used by the Division of Shellfish Sanitation and Boating Division
include: 1) boarding vessels randomly and placing a dye tablet in the MSD to inspect proper
operation (no dye observed in the water after flushing); 2) visual inspection of secured MSD
Y-valve; and 3) periodic water quality monitoring during periods of heavy boating.
[8b] 4.2 Local Discharge Ordinances
The Bayside Channel area lies within the City of Bayside. As mentioned in Section 4.1, the
City of Bayside passed an ordinance 2 years ago to prohibit the discharge of sanitary wastes
in the area in order to protect natural resources (e.g., shellfish harvesting beds, recreational
swimming areas). The ordinance states:
"§65.03. It shall be unlawful for any person to throw, discharge, deposit,
or leave, or cause, suffer, or procure to be thrown, discharged, deposited,
or left either from or out of any vessel or holding tank, or from the shore,
wharf, manufacturing establishment, or mill of any kind, any refuse matter
of any description into the navigable waters of Ocean County. Any violation
of this ordinance results in a maximum fine of $400.00."
13
Application Guidelines
4-36 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
-------
4.1.8 Additional Information
Additional Information that May Enhance the Effectiveness of a
No Discharge Area Application
The following pieces of information are not required by 40 CFR §l40.4(a), however,
they will provide the reviewers with a more complete description of the foundation a
state or community has established to prepare for a CWA §312 No Discharge Area
approval.
• Narrative description of enforcement plan to be used after approval of No
Discharge Area. The applicant should provide information for the reviewers
on how the proposed prohibition on vessel sewage discharge is expected to be
enforced in the proposed area (see [8a]). The last part of Section 6 (Strategies
to Achieve Compliance in the No Discharge Area) of this guidance document
discusses the enforcement methods and techniques currently in use.
• Summary of existing or proposed local ordinances enacted to enhance
regulation of vessel sewage discharges. In connection with the enforcement
plan for the proposed No Discharge Area, the applicant should provide the
related local ordinances which prohibit the discharge of treated and untreated
sewage in the No Discharge Area (see [8b]). These ordinances can be existing
or proposed regulations. Any other relevant regulations (e.g., state) could also
be included if the authority affects the proposed area. If these ordinances and
regulations are greater than two pages in length, they should be introduced in
the application and attached as an appendix.
• Narrative description of public education/information program. If the
proposed No Discharge Area already has a public outreach program to
promote proper disposal of vessel sewage, or if a program is in the planning
stages, the applicant should describe in the application the components of the
program (see [8c]). The first part of Section 6 of this guidance document
provides more information on the Components of public outreach programs.
In addition, Appendix F identifies several documents that discuss the education
aspect of this issue.
• Narrative description of existing point source pollution that impacts the water
quality in the proposed area. In addition to sewage discharges from vessels,
an area is likely to have specific point sources of water pollution which also
contribute to .the degradation of water quality. If such point sources of
pollution exist in the proposed No Discharge Area, the applicant should briefly
describe where they occur and the source of the pollution (see [8d]). If types
and amounts of pollution are known for these sources, these data can also be
provided by the applicant.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 4-37
Application Guidelines
-------
Sample Application
[8c] 4.3 Public Education/Information Plan
At the five private marinas within the proposed Bayside Channel No Discharge Area,
information is provided to boaters on the accepted sanitary waste handling practices for the
area Marinas are concerned about keeping the waters clean to keep their customers satisfied
and to attract more customers to the area. All five marinas voluntarily participate in the
following public education and outreach activities:
. Signs. The three marinas with operational pumpout facilities and dump
stations have signs at the marina entrances and on the facilities that show
boaters where the facilities are located. The two marinas with proposed
facilities have signs on the fuel dock that refer vessels needing pumpout and
dump facilities to the nearest marina providing these services (in both cases
the marina is just across the bay). Signs in the restrooms also indicate that
portable toilets should not be emptied into the restroom system.
• Fliers/brochures. All vessel owners who wish to moor their vessels at the
marina are required to register at the marina office. The vessel owner is
given information on the marina, including rules and regulations about the
prohibition of sanitary waste discharge (both treated and untreated) within
the marina area. In some cases, the local ordinance and fine for violation are
stated. Boaters are also given a map of the marina which clearly indicates
the location, fee, and operating hours of the pumpout facility and dump
station.
. Voluntary compliance agreement. The marinas also ask boaters to
voluntarily sign an agreement to obey all rules for disposing of all types of
waste properly while in the marina area.
[8d]
4.4 Existing Point Source Pollution
The only existing point source of water pollution within or directly adjacent to the proposed No
Discharge Area is the Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant, which is located 8 miles up
Long River from Bayside Channel. The discharges from this plant are continually monitored and
regularly meet or exceed local, state, and Federal water quality standards.
14
Application Guidelines
4-38 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
-------
4.1.9 §312(f)(3) Application Information Checklist
A checklist in Exhibit 3 is provided for the applicant to track the information segments
that need to be collected during the preparation of the application. The applicant can use
this checklist during the planning and development stage of preparing the application by
checking off which optional information segments he/she wants to include in the
application and whether the information needs to be collected. As the missing
information pieces are collected, the applicant can mark these segments as completed.
After the application is completed and before it is submitted for review, the applicant
should thoroughly go through the checklist and compare it to the application to ensure
all the components are included and complete, especially the information that is essential.
During this process, the applicant should also record in which section of the application
the information appears. The suggested section numbers are already filled in, but should
be modified if different from the completed application.
4.1.10 §312(f)(3) Application Process
After the application has been checked for completeness and accuracy, the applicant is
ready to finalize the application process. The applicant should submit a copy of the
application to the appropriate environmental official of the state in which the proposed
No Discharge Area is located. This official will review the application and either return
it to the applicant with comments and await resubmittal or submit it to the EPA Regional
Administrator for the proposed No Discharge Area. The EPA Regional Administrator
then reviews the application and "determinefs] within 90 days whether adequate facilities
for the safe and sanitary removal and treatment of sewage from all vessels using such
waters are reasonably available" (40 CFR §140.4(a)). The applicant will be notified
whether he/she needs to clarify or enhance the application or whether the proposed No
Discharge Area will be approved by the EPA. The approved No Discharge Area will
be noticed hi the Federal Register. A copy of the approved application is sent to EPA
Headquarters.
4.2 No Discharge Area Application Guidelines for §312(f)(4)(A)
[reserved]
4.3 No Discharge Area Application Guidelines for §312(f)(4)(B)
[reserved]
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 4-39
Application Guidelines
-------
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4-40 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
-------
Section 5: Relationship of CWA §312(f)(3) No Discharge Area
Application Requirements to Other Federal Programs
How can information developed for the Clean Vessel Act
Pumpout Grant Program and Coastal Nonpoint Pollution
Control Program be used to apply for approval of a
CWA §312(f)(3) No Discharge Area?
Many state and local governments have already prepared and submitted applications to
the Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant Program to receive grants for pumpout and dump
stations from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under provisipns of the Clean Vessel
Act. The coastal zone management offices of some states with approved coastal zone
management plans may have already developed or started developing their Coastal
Nonpoint Pollution Control Program and its related management measures and practices.
These states potentially have a head start on the information collection process required
to fulfill the No Discharge Area application requirements stated in 40 CFR §140.4(a).
Exhibit 4 shows the linkages between each Clean Water Act (CWA) §312(f)(3) No
Discharge Area application requirement and elements of the Clean Vessel Act Pumpout
Station and Dump Station Technical Guidelines and the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization
Amendment (CZARA) Management Measures for Marinas and Recreational Boating.
The relevant sections of the Clean Vessel Act technical guidelines are:
• Section 1. Waters most likely to be affected by the discharge of sewage from
vessels.
• Section 2. Surveys of pumpout stations and dump stations.
• Section 3. What constitutes adequate and reasonably available pumpout
stations and dump stations in boating areas.
• Section 4. Plans for constructing pumpout stations and dump stations.
• Section 5. Education/information.
• Section 6. Appropriate methods for disposal of vessel sewage from pumpout
stations and dump stations.
• Section 7. Types of marine boat sewage pumpout stations and dump stations
that may be appropriate for construction, renovation, operation, or
maintenance, and appropriate location of the stations and facilities within a
marina or boatyard.
• Section 8. Other information.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
5-1
Federal Program Relationships
-------
The relevant CZARA management measures for marinas and recreational boating3 are:
Management Measure DB: Water Quality Assessment.
quality as part of marina siting and design.
Assess water
• Management Measure IIC: Habitat Assessment. Site and design marinas
to protect against adverse effects on shellfish resources, wetlands, submerged
aquatic vegetation, or other important riparian and aquatic habitat areas as
designated by local, state, or Federal governments.
• Management Measure BEG: Sewage Facility. Install pumpout, dump station,
and restroom facilities where needed at new and expanding marinas to reduce
the release of sewage to surface waters. Design these facilities to allow ease
of access and post signage to promote use by the boating public.
• Management Measure OF: Public Education. Public education/outreach/
training programs should be instituted for boaters, as well as marina owners
and operators, to prevent improper disposal of polluting material.
• Management Measure IHG: Maintenance of Sewage Facilities. Ensure
that sewage pumpout facilities are maintained in operational condition and
encourage their use.
Each No Discharge Area application requirement from 40 CFR §140.4(a) is shaded in
the exhibit. Below this shaded area, both the essential and optional application
information components are listed. In the two columns to the right of each information
component, the relevant section of the Clean Vessel Act technical guidelines or the
CZARA management measures is listed. If any of these activities have recently been
completed, then all or some of the information can be applied to the EPA No Discharge
Area application. As stated in the. Clean Vessel Act technical guidelines, and noted in
a footnote in Exhibit 4:
States should not consider "adequate and reasonably available" under the Clean
Vessel Act to satisfy all requirements for determining "No Discharge Areas" under
the Clean Water Act. A separate review and determination would have to be made
by the EPA for Clean Water Act designation of a "No Discharge Area."
This statement indicates that a state or local area will not receive approval as a No
Discharge Area simply from the information provided during application for funds
through the Clean Vessel Act grant. Separate U.S. government agencies determine
which states and local areas qualify for the Clean Vessel Act grants and the approval of
A copy of CZARA management measures for marinas and recreational boating (Chapter 5 in "Guidance
Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters") may be
obtained from Rod Frederick at EPA, Office of Water, Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds,
Assessment and Watershed Protection Division.
Federal Program Relationships
5-2
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
-------
a No Discharge Area. The U.S. Department of Fish and Wildlife Service reviews
applications for the Clean Vessel Act grants and the EPA reviews the applications for No
Discharge Area approval. Complete guidelines for the No Discharge Area application
process under CWA §312 are provided in Section 4.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
5-3
Federal Program Relationships
-------
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Section 6: Strategies to Achieve Compliance in the
No Discharge Area
What steps can be taken to achieve compliance in the
No Discharge Area after approval by EPA?
Seeking approval of a No Discharge Area is part of a comprehensive approach to protect
coastal waters from vessel sewage. Strategies to achieve compliance with the no
discharge restrictions should also be viewed as an integral part of the approach. Two
strategies to achieve compliance are discussed in this chapter - public outreach and
enforcement.
6.1 Public Outreach
The terms "public outreach" and "public awareness" are sometimes used to describe
educational programs, products, and activities geared toward the public on a particular
issue or topic. Scarce resources and competing priorities within enforcement agencies
increase the importance of achieving voluntary compliance with vessel sewage
restrictions. Thus, education (or public awareness) of those affected by these restrictions
becomes a keystone hi achieving compliance. The discussion which follows focuses on
the principle parts of public outreach. A companion document, Recreational Vessel
Sewage Discharge Control: A Primer for State and Local Outreach Campaigns, shows
how the parts can be structured into an outreach campaign.
6.1.1 Public Outreach Campaign versus Public Outreach Product
Before proceeding with a discussion of the parts of public outreach, it is important to
understand the distinction between an outreach campaign and an outreach product.
Essentially, the campaign is the overall structure and vision under which outreach
products (e.g., brochures, pamphlets, press releases etc.) are developed and used.
Products are the tools used to get across a particular message to a target audience. In
the long run developing and using outreach products within the context of an outreach
campaign can be cost effective hi terms of tune and budget.
6.1.2 Parts of a Public Outreach Campaign
Typically, there are five principle components that must be defined when developing and
implementing a successful public outreach campaign:
• Goal of the campaign;
• Target audience;
Vessel7Marina Discharge Guidance 6-1 Strategies to Achieve Compliance
-------
• Purpose or message of the outreach material;
• Outreach tools; and
• Budget considerations.
Exhibit 5 shows the relationships of these parts. To reach its goal, a successful public
outreach campaign combines the message selected for the targeted audience with the
appropriate public outreach tool. Budget considerations affect the number of messages
and the tools which can be used.
Goal of the Campaign. The goal of a public outreach campaign promoting the
protection of coastal waters from vessel sewage discharges is to increase proper disposal
of vessel sewage through public and industry awareness and understanding of the:
Consequences of improper disposal;
Proper handling and disposal of vessel sewage;
Need for adequate pumpout facility and dump station capacity at marinas;
Laws and regulations for handling vessel sewage; and
Stakeholders' (e.g., boaters, marina owners/operators, Publicly Owned
Treatment Works) roles in solving the problem.
Target Audience. There are a number of potential target audiences for state and local
public outreach campaigns promoting proper disposal of vessel sewage. Three,
however, are recommended as the initial target audiences:
• Boaters;
• Marina owners/operators; and
• Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs).
Many of the concerns with vessel sewage discharges stem from low compliance with No
Discharge Area regulations by the boating public, inadequate pumpout facility and dump
station capacity and availability at marinas, and reluctance on the part of POTWs to
accept vessel sewage. This is a push-pull situation with simultaneous action needed on
all three fronts to solve the problem. There are subcategories of potential target
audiences within these three groups as well. For example, part of a public outreach
campaign could be directed at recreational fishers, or operators of motor boats or sail
boats instead of all boaters. Similarly, part of an outreach campaign might be directed
at owners/operators of new facilities or at facilities of a certain size as opposed to all
marina owners/operators.
Purpose/Message. Public outreach products are developed to accomplish one or more
of the following purposes:
• Motivate. The purpose here is to generate interest or stimulate action, such
as encouraging boaters to assume responsibility for proper sewage handling or
Strategies to Achieve Compliance
6-2
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
-------
Exhibit 5
Relationship Of The Parts Of A Public
Outreach Campaign
Purpose/Message
• Motivate
• Inform
• Instruct
Goal
Increase proper disposal of
vessel sewage
I
Audience
• Boaters
• Marina owners/operators
• POTWs
Budget Considerations
Message development
Product
Reproduction
Distribution
Public Outreach Tools
• Printed materials
• Visual materials
• Novelties
• Formal media
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 6-3
Strategies to Achieve Compliance
-------
volunteer services to encourage installation of pumpout facilities at marinas.
A discussion of the consequences of sewage discharges from vessels is an
example of a message whose purpose is to motivate boaters to voluntarily
prohibit sewage disposal from their vessels.
• Inform. The purpose here is to provide background knowledge or other types
of information which will facilitate compliance. Maps of pumpout facilities
and copies of regulations on sewage discharges from vessels are examples of
informational messages.
• Instruct. The purpose here is to provide instruction or to teach so that
learning can take place. Tips on how to use pumpout facilities and dump
stations or the types of MSD equipment available to boaters are examples of
instructional messages.
Since each potential audience has a somewhat different role hi solving the problem, the
purpose of the public outreach will differ somewhat among these audiences. Exhibit 6
provides examples of the purpose of public outreach activities for boaters, marina
owners/operators, and POTWs.
Public Outreach Tools. Public outreach tools typically fall into one of four categories:
• Printed Materials. The print category includes manuals, coloring books,
pamphlets/brochures, fact sheets, flyers, and thematic folders/packets.
• Visual Materials. The visual category includes videotapes, display booths,
posters, and placards.
• Novelties. The novelties category includes stickers/bumper stickers, magnets,
pins, and clothing (e.g., hats).
• Formal Media. The formal media category includes industry publications,
public service announcements, press releases, and public speaking assignments.
Matching Messages, Target Audiences, and Tools to Meet the Goal. Some public
outreach tools, such as pamphlets and thematic folders, are versatile enough to be used
to motivate, inform, and/or instruct and for all types of audiences. Others are more
limited in the type of message or the target audience for which they work well. For
example, stickers would not be used for instructional material nor would coloring books
be appropriate for marina operators. Exhibit 7 identifies public outreach tools and
matches them with appropriate messages. Exhibit 8 matches examples of public outreach
tools with appropriate target audiences.
Strategies to Achieve Compliance
6-4
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
-------
Exhibit 6
Target Audiences* And Potential Messages
For A Public Outreach Campaign On
Sewage Discharges From Vessels
Boaters
1 Low compliance with
existing MSD regulations
• Consequences of vessel sewage
discharges
• Location of pumpout facilities
1 MSD regulations
Marina Owners/
Operators
Inadequate pumpout
capacity at marinas
• Consequences of vessel sewage
discharges
• Description of types of pumpout facilities
• Need for improved pumpout
capacity/availability
POTWs
Reluctance to accept vesse!
sewage
• Awareness of issue/solutions
• Cooperation in accepting vessel sewage
* Additional audiences may be identified, but for the purposes of this document efforts are
concentrated on these three audiences.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
6-5
Strategies to Achieve Compliance
-------
Exhibit 7
Summary Of Public Outreach Tools By
Purpose Of Message
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• Videotape
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Formal Media
• Industry
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announcement
• Press release
• Public speaking
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Strategies to Achieve Compliance
6-6
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
-------
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Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 6-7
Strategies to Achieve Compliance
-------
Budget Considerations. In matching target audiences, messages, and public outreach
tools, the distribution technique to be used and the cost of the tool need to be considered.
Public outreach products can be distributed to the target audience either directly or
indirectly. Direct techniques include mailings and distribution at events, conferences,
or other gatherings. With indirect distribution, the products are given to an
intermediary, such as a trade association, to distribute to the target audience.
Total costs of public outreach products correspond to the four phases of developing and
disseminating public outreach materials:
• Message development. This is the phase during which the theme of the
product is identified and the text copy prepared. For example, for a public
awareness brochure for boaters the message development phase could prepare
the text and graphics on the consequences of improper sewage discharges.
The goal of this phase is to develop the message using a clear design. Costs
can be controlled and the outreach materials enhanced if a standard theme is
established initially and used as the foundation for all outreach products
developed on a particular topic. A theme could be a logo, slogan, colors,
character (e.g., Smokey the Bear), or more likely a combination of these
techniques. The common thread throughout all the products makes them easily
recognizable as part of an outreach campaign. The common theme is essential
for maximizing the public's exposure to the issue. Costs are controlled
because the design process does not start over with each successive outreach
product developed.
• Product. This is the phase during which the theme is developed into a public
outreach product. For the same public awareness brochure for boaters used
as an example above, the text and graphics prepared in the message
development phase would be incorporated Into a brochure layout and a camera-
ready original prepared in the product phase. In this phase, it is important to
remember that the number of colors chosen affects ultimate reproduction costs.
A maximum of two colors is recommended for the most cost-effective public
outreach products.
• Reproduction. This is the phase in which the required number of copies of
the product is made. For the reproduction phase, it is important to remember
that typically the unit price of reproducing the product will decrease as the
number of copies to be reproduced increases.
• Distribution. In this phase, the product is distributed to the target audience.
For the distribution phase, it is important to remember that distribution costs
can be minimized by having other groups or organizations absorb some of the
distribution costs. In the example of a public awareness brochure for boaters,
this could be accomplished by providing quantities of the brochure to
appropriate trade associations or vessel registration agencies, and having them
distribute the brochure directly to the boaters. When direct mailing of
Strategies to Achieve Compliance
6-8 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
-------
materials is used for distribution, bulk mailings, using up-to-date and well-
targeted mailing lists, can reduce costs. The distribution technique should be
factored into the development; of public outreach products from the beginning
since the materials should be tailored to the method of distribution. For
example, materials to be mailed should fit into standard-size envelopes or have
the mailing panel incorporated into the layout or design.
Again, ^ companion document, Recreational Vessel Sewage Discharge Control: A
Primer for State and Local Outreach Campaigns, focuses on: 1) how the parts of a public
outreach strategy discussed---'target audience, purpose/message, and tools ~ can be
structured into an outreach campaign and 2) the budget considerations which affect the
decisions which shape the campaign.
6.2 Enforcement
The second component of a strategy to achieve compliance with no discharge restrictions
is enforcement. Section 312(k) of the Clean Water Act, as amended, states:
"The provisions of this section shall be enforced by the Secretary of the Department
in which the Coast Guard is operating and he may utilize by agreement, with or
without reimbursement, law enforcement officers or other personnel of the (EPA)
Administrator, other Federal agencies, or the states to carry out provisions of this
section. The provisions of this section may also be enforced by a State."
This section provides three methods for enforcement:
• States (States may delegate enforcement authority to local enforcement
officials, e.g., harbormasters, public health officials, and police); ,
• Federal and state officials through agreement between the U.S. Coast Guard
and Federal and state agencies; and
• U.S. Coast Guard under a MOU with a state can enforce the state provisions
of an approved No Discharge Area (technically, the Secretary of the
Department in which the Coast Guard is operating, which is currently the
Department of Transportation).
Examples of techniques used to enforce No Discharge Areas include the following:
• Dye Tablets. Fluorescent dye tablets are sometimes placed hi the holding
tanks and marine heads of moored vessels in a No Discharge Area. If an
illegal discharge occurs within the No Discharge Area, the effluent is easily
identifiable.
Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance 6-9
Strategies to Achieve Compliance
-------
• Sealing the Y-Valve. The Y-valve, which allows direct overboard discharges,
is sometimes required to be sealed in a closed position when the vessel is in
a No Discharge Area.
• Condition of Mooring and Slip Rental. Marinas and other boating facilities
located in a No Discharge Area sometimes require the use of pumpout
facilities as a condition of mooring or slip rental.
• Vessel Boardings. At some marinas in No Discharge Areas, vessels that have
been moored for a specified number of days (e.g., more than 4 days) are
boarded to check for compliance.
• Water Quality Monitoring. In some areas, water quality monitoring is
conducted during heavy boating weekends to monitor compliance.
• Presence of Enforcement Officials. In some areas, enforcement officials
police for violators hi No Discharge Areas.
Even with these enforcement techniques, it is generally recognized that an effective
public outreach effort is needed to complement and supplement enforcement efforts.
Public outreach fosters voluntary compliance. Enforcement techniques, through fines for
violators, reinforce the need for behavior modification and also encourage voluntary
compliance.
Strategies to Achieve Compliance
6-10 Vessel/Marina Discharge Guidance
-------
Appendix A:
Overview of Storm Water and Wetlands Programs
-------
-------
Overview of Storm Water and Wetlands Programs
This appendix serves as a starting point for readers interested in marina-generated discharges by
providing an overview, including program objective, key contact, fact sheets, and other
information, for each of two significant Federal programs that address marina-generated
discharges that are not related to vessels. These programs are:
« National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, (NPDES) Storm Water Program; and
« Wetlands Program.
Programs which address both vessel sewage and other marina-generated discharges (e.g.,
contaminants from vessel-related maintenance and repairs conducted at marinas) are summarized
hi Appendix B.
Exhibits A-l and A-2 provide an overview of each program using the following standard
categories:
• Area of Focus/Program Objective. Intent and purpose of the program.
• Pertinence to Control of Marina Discharges. Relevance of program to marina pollution
control and prevention.
« Authorized Agency. Agency authorized/required by legislation to implement the program.
• Key Contact. Agency, office, address, and telephone number to contact for additional
program information. (If regional EPA contacts are necessary for more specific information,
a map showing the EPA regions of the U.S. is provided at the end of this appendix in Exhibit
A-3).
• Legislative Authority. Statute authorizing/requiring implementation of the program.
• Additional Information. List of significant supplementary sources for additional program
information.
Following each program overview are several fact sheets or excerpts from documents that provide
additional information about the program.
Appendix A
A-l
Storm Water and Wetlands Programs
-------
This page is intentionally left blank.
Storm Water and Wetlands Programs A-2
Appendix A
-------
Exhibit A-l
••••^^•^^•^•^^^•a^^^^^^^^^^—^^-^—•••" — ' ^ __^^^—^^^—•^^^^^••[^^^^•••••••^^••^^•••••^^^^••'•^^••''••"•'^••'^^
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) Storm Water Program
Area of Focus/Program
Objective;
Protection of waters from pollutants contained in storm water
discharges associated with industrial activity
Pertinence to Control
of Marina Discharges:
Regulates storm water nmoff discharges from marina facilities
and grounds (e.g., runoff from parking lot, maintenance/repair
areas)
Takes precedence over Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control
Program for project selection and enforcement action
Authorized Agency:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
Key Contact:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance
Permits Division
NPDES Program Branch
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202)260-9541
or
See following page for EPA Regional Storm Water Contact List
Legislative
Authorization:
Clean Water Act §402
Additional
Information:
"Overview of the Storm Water Program," October 1993 (full
copy attached; also available from Key Contact)
"Storm Water Management for Industrial Activities,"
September 1992 (excerpt attached; full copy available from
Key Contact, #EPA-832-R-92-006)
"Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of
Nonpoint Pollution hi Coastal Waters," January 1993 (excerpts
attached; full copy available from EPA, Office of Water,
Nonpoint Source Control Branch, #EPA-840-B-92-002)
"Storm Water Q's and A"s," March 1992 (excerpt attached)
"Storm Water Fact Sheet:: General Pollution Prevention Plan
Requirements" (full copy attached)
Appendix A
A-3
Storm Water and Wetlands Programs
-------
EPA Regional Storm Water Contact List
Region I
Water Management Division
Waste Water Management Branch
(617) 565-3560
Reion n
Water Management Division
Water Permits and Compliance Branch
(212) 264-9894
Region in
Water Management Division
Permits Enforcement Branch
(215) 597-6510
Region IV
Water Management Division
Water Permits and Enforcement Branch
(404) 347-2019
Region V
Water Division
Water Compliance Branch
(312) 353-2121
Region VI
Water Management Division
Permits Branch
(214) 655-7170
Region VII
Water Management Division
Water Compliance Branch
(913) 551-7034
Region VIII
Water Management Division
NPDES Branch
(303) 293-1623
Region IX
Water Management Division
Permits and Compliance Branch
(415) 744-1877
Region X
Water Division
Wastewater Management and
Enforcement Branch
(206) 553-1728
Storm Water and Wetlands Programs
A-4
Appendix A
-------
Overview of the
Storm Water
Program
EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Office of Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance
Permits Division
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
October 1993
-------
STORM WATER PROGRAM
BACKGROUND
The 1972 amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA, also referred to as the Clean
Water Act or CWA) prohibit the discharge of any pollutant to waters of the United States from a point
source unless the discharge is authorized by a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
permit. Efforts to improve water quality under the NPDES program traditionally have focused on reducing
pollutants in discharges of industrial process wastewater and from municipal sewage treatment plants.
Efforts to address storm water discharges under the NPDES program have generally been limited to certain
industrial categories with effluent limitations for storm water.
In response to the need for comprehensive NPDES requirements for discharges of storm water, Congress
amended the CWA in 1987 to require the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish phased
NPDES requirements for storm water discharges. To implement these requirements, EPA published the ini-
tial permit application requirements for certain categories of storm water discharges associated with indus-
trial activity, and discharges from municipal separate storm sewer systems located in municipalities with a
population of 100,000 or more on November 16, 1990, (55 FR 47990). Storm water discharge permits will
provide a mechanism for monitoring the discharge of pollutants to waters of the United States and for
establishing appropriate controls.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Pollutants in storm water discharges from many sources are largely uncontrolled. The "National Water
Quality Inventory, 1990 Report to Congress" provides a general assessment of water quality based on bien-
nial reports submitted by the States under Section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act. The Report indicates that
roughly 30% of identified cases of water quality impairment are attributable to storm water discharges.
The States identified a number of major sources of storm water runoff that cause water quality impacts
including separate storm sewers, construction, waste disposal, and resource extraction.
INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES COVERED
EPA has defined the term "storm water discharge associated with industrial activity" in a comprehensive
manner to address over 100,000 facilities (see Attachment Vn for a complete definition). All storm water
discharges associated with industrial activity that discharge through municipal separate storm sewer sys-
tems or that discharge directly to waters of the U.S., are required to obtain NPDES permit coverage, includ-
ing those which discharge through systems located in municipalities with a population of less than 100,000.
Discharges of storm water to a sanitary sewer system or to a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) an;
excluded. Facilities with storm water discharges associated with industrial activity include: manufacturing
facilities; construction operations disturbing 5 or more acres; hazardous waste treatment, storage, or dispos-
al facilities; landfills; certain sewage treatment plants; recycling facilities; powerplants; mining operations:;
some oil and gas operations; airports; and certain other transportation facilities. Operators of industrial
facilities that are Federally, State or municipally owned or operated that meet the description of the facili-
ties listed hi 40 CFR 122.26(bX14)(iMxi) must also submit applications.
TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1991
The Transportation Act of 1991 provides an exemption from storm water permitting requirements for cer-
tain industrial activities owned or operated by municipalities with a population of less than 100,000. Such
municipalities must submit storm water discharge permit applications for only airports, powerplants, and
uncontrolled sanitary landfills that they own or operate, unless a permit is otherwise required by the permit-
ting authority. The Transportation Act of 1991 also revises group application deadlines for facilities that
are owned or operated by municipalities with a population of less than 250,000. See Attachment II for
revised deadlines.
October, 1993
-------
9th CIRCUIT COURT DECISION
The 9th Circuit United States Court of Appeals' opinion in NRDC v. EPA (June 4,1992) and the opinion in
AMC v. EPA (May 27, 1992), affirmed and upheld the basic structure and direction of the national storm
water program. In "NRDC", the Court upheld the definition of "municipal separate storm sewer system,"
the standards for municipal storm water controls, the scope of storm water requirements for oil and gas
operations, and EPA's decision not to provide public comment on Part 1 group industrial permit applica-
tions. On the question of deadlines, the Court noted that the storm water application deadlines clearly
exceeded statutory requirements, but refused to "roll back" the current regulatory deadlines. The Court
also emphasized, however, that any further regulatory extension would be illegal. In two other areas the
Court invalidated and remanded for further proceedings two regulatory exemptions from the definition of
"storm water discharges associated with industrial activity": (1) the exemption for construction sites dis-
turbing less than 5 acres of land (category x), and (2) the exemption of certain "light" manufacturing facili-
ties without exposure of materials and activities to storm water (category xi). In response to these two
remands, the Agency intends to conduct further rulemaking proceedings on construction activities under 5
acres and light industry without exposure as ordered by the Court EPA will not require permit applications
for construction sites disturbing less than 5 acres of land and category xi facilities without exposure until
this further rulemaking is completed. In "AMC," the Court upheld EPA's regulation of storm water dis-
charges from inactive mines. \
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OPTIONS '
The November 16, 1990» storm water regulation presents three permit application options for storm water
discharges associated with industrial activity. The first option is to submit an individual application con-
sisting of Forms 1 and 2F. The second option is to participate in a group application. This option, howev-
er, is no longer available as the deadlines have passed. The mini option is to file a Notice of Intent (NOI)
to be covered under a general permit in accordance with the requirements of an issued general permit. The
following overview briefly outlines each of these three options and the subsequent attachments provide a
more detailed explanation.
October, 1993
-------
Overview of the Storm Water Program
A. INDIVIDUAL APPLICATIONS
Operators of facilities with storm water discharges associated with industrial activity who did not partici-
pate in a group application or did not obtain coverage under a general permit, must submit an individual
application consisting of Form 1 and Form 2F. The information required in Form 2F includes a site
drainage map, a narrative description of the site identifying potential pollutant sources, and quantitative
testing data. There are specific requirements for construction activities and oil and gas operations and min-
ing operations. See Attachment I for additional information.
B. GROUP APPLICATIONS
The group application procedure was an option available for facilities that have similar industrial opera-
tions, waste streams and other characteristics. Group applications reduced the burden on the regulated
community by requiring the submission of quantitative data from only selected members of the group. The
group application was submitted in two parts. Pan 1 of the application identified all participants, provided
facility specific information and proposed a representative sampling subgroup. Part 2 of the application
consists of sampling data from each member of the sampling subgroup identified in Part 1 of the applica-
tion. See Attachment n for additional information.
C. GENERAL PERMIT - NOI REQUIREMENTS
Industrial storm water dischargers that submit an NOI to be covered by the general permit are not required
to submit an individual permit application or participate in a group application, provided the discharger is
eligible for the permit and an individual permit application is not required by the Director on a case-by-case
basis. Submitting an NOI represents a significantly less burden than submitting an individual application
or participating in a group application. The NOI requirements for general permits usually address only
general information and typically do not require the collection of monitoring data. Submittal of an NOI is
only possible where applicable general permits have been issued by the permitting authority. EPA has
finalized general permits for construction and industrial activity in the 12 States without NPDES authoriza-
tion (57 FR 41176, September 9, 1992 and 57 FR 44412, September 25, 1992). As of September 1993, 36
of the 39 authorized NPDES States have general permit authority. See Attachments HI, IV and V for addi-
tional information.
INDUSTRIAL PERMIT APPLICATION DEADLINES
Type of Application
A . Individual
A Group
All industrial activities except
those owned or operated by a
municipality with a population of
100,000 to 250,000.
Industrial activities owned or
operated by a municipality with
a population of less than
250,000.
A General Permit NOI
Deadline
October 1, 1992
Part 1 Part 2
September 30, 1991 October 1, 1992
May 18,1992 May 17, 1993
October 1, 1992
(for EPA's general permits)
P53
-------
MUNICIPAL APPLICATIONS
"Municipal separate storm sewer" is defined as any conveyance or system of conveyances that is owned or
operated by a State or local government entity designed for collecting and conveying storm water which is
net part of a POTW. The application requirements do not apply to discharges from combined sewers (sys-
tems designed as both a sanitary sewer and a storm sewer). Municipal separate storm sewer systems that
are addressed by the November 16, 1990, regulations include storm sewer systems located in 173 cities
with populations of 100,000 or more; located in 47 counties identified by EPA as having populations over
100,000 in unincorporated, urbanized areas; and systems that are designated by the Director based on con-
sideration of the location of the discharge with respect to waters of the United States, the size of the dis-
charge, the quantity and nature of the pollutants discharged to waters of the United States, the interrelation-
ship to other regulated storm sewer systems, and other factors. The operator of a designated system will be
notified by the Director. Under the November 16, 1990, storm water rule, those municipal separate storm
sewer systems identified must submit a two-part application. The first part requires information regarding
existing programs and the means available to the municipality to control pollutants. In addition, part one
requires a field screening analysis of major outfalls to detect illicit connections. Building on this informa-
tion, the second part requires a limited amount of representative quantitative data and a description of a
proposed storm water management plan. See Attachment V for a detailed explanation of the two-part
application process.
MUNICIPAL APPLICATIONS DEADLINES
Large Municipalities
(over 250,000)
Medium Municipalities
(100,000-250,000)
November 18, 1991
May 18, 1992
•'-
fiaRSu-. -*jiy*SJ^- -'•*-'. ji-ifTS** ' '" *
.^-r" --i. r . -t v
November 16, 1992
May 17, 1993
October, 199!
-------
Overview of the Storm Water Program
ATTACHMENT I
INDIVIDUAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
These requirements address storm water discharges associated with industrial activity that are not
authorized by a general permit and that are not included in a group application.
Application Forms
A Applicants for discharges composed entirely of storm water must submit Forms 1 and 2F
A Applicants for discharges composed of storm water and process wastewater must submit
Forms 1,2C, and 2F
A Applicants for new sources or new discharges composed of storm water and non-storm
water must submit Forms 1,2D, and 2F
A Applicants for discharges composed of storm water and nonprocess wastewater must submit
Forms 1,2E, and 2F
A Authorized NPDES States may establish their own forms which are at least as stringent as
EPA's forms.
A Forms are available from State permitting authorities for facilities located in NPDES autho-
rized States, or from EPA Regional Offices for facilities located in States without NPDES
authorization.
Form 2F Requirements
A Site map showing topography and/or drainage areas and site characteristics.
A Estimate of impervious surface area and the total area drained by each outfall.
A Description of significant materials exposed to storm water, including current materials
management practices.
A Certification that outfalls have been tested or evaluated for the presence of non-storm water
discharges that are not covered by a NPDES permit.
A Information on significant leaks and spills in last 3 years.
A Quantitative testing data for the following parameters:
- Any pollutants limited in an effluent guideline to which the facility is subject
- Any pollutant listed in the facility's NPDES permit for process wastewater
- Oil and grease, pH, 8005, COD, TSS, total phosphorus, nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen, and
total Kjeldahl nitrogen
- Certain pollutants known to be in the discharge
- Flow measurements or estimates
- Date and duration of storm event
October, 1993
M
074-AB
-------
Overview of the Storm Water Program
A Provide a narrative description of:
- Location and nature of construction activity (including a map)
- Total area of the site and area to be excavated
l° C°ntrol P°Ilutants in storm water discharges during and after construe-
Requirements for Corastm^rinn
- Estimate of runoff coefficient and increase in impervious areas after construction
- Name of receiving water.
A No quantitative sampling.
A Application deadline
- 90 days prior to date when construction begins.
A retired).1"* developed a standard form for **»* discharges at this time (Form 2F is not
Application Requirements for Oil & a*& Operations arjdMining Qpgn^nff
A fectliry?*5 °f °a & ^ faCmtieS "* D0t Iequked to submit a ««"* application unless the
ep^
- Contributes to a violation of a water quality standard.
A Sw? SS ^ a?ve ^?d inactive n^^ng sites are not required to submit permit applications
unless the discharge has come into contact with any overburden, raw material
MB e cann
operations released trpra SMCRA performance bonds and non-coal minine ouerations
released from applicable State or Federal reclamation requirement Tafte^DicemSf 17
1990, are not required to submit permit applications). i-^cmoer i / ,
Available G
-
ing Guidance Document, available from the Storm Water Hotline, (703)
821-4823
Deadline
October 1, 1992, or 180 days prior to commencement of a new discharge.
07
-------
Overview of the Storm Water Program
ATTACHMENT U
GROUP APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
Facilities that discharge storm water associated with industrial activity had until September 30, 1991, to
file Part I of the group application in lieu of submitting a complete individual application or an NOI to
be covered by a general permit The Transportation Act of 1991, however, extended .the group applica-
tion deadlines for certain industrial activities owned or operated by a municipality with a population of
100 000 to 250,000. Facilities that are part of the same effluent guideline subcategory or with similar
activities and operations were eligible to submit a group application. EPA received 1,243 Part I group
applications covering approximately 60,000 facilities.
The group application was submitted in two parts. Part 1 of the application was due by September 30,
199lTandPart2ofthe application was due byOctoberl, 1992. .These deadlines apphedto all industri-
al activities except those owned or operated by a municipality with a population of 100,000 toi 250,000.
For these facilities. Part 1 of the application was due by May 18,1992, and Part 2 of the application is
due bv May 17, 1993. Both parts were submitted directly to U.S. EPA Headquarters, Office of
witeWeVEnforcement and Compliance'(EN-336),. 401 M.Street,SW Washington DC20460
regardless of whether or iR>t the included facilities are in a NPDES autlwrized State. The
Transportation Act also addressed municipally owned or operated industrial activities that were denied
bv EPA from the group application process. Such facilities must submit an individual apphcaupn or be
covered bj-ageneraTpennit within 180 days after the denial was made, or by October 1, 1992,
whichever is later.
EPA is currently taking Both parts of the application and formulating model permit language. The com-
pete appuStioL ^ permit language will then be distributed to every hp>DES*a^onzed State
or EPA Region (if the State is not NPDES authorized) in which participants are located. The State then
reviews theapplication and model permit language. The State may consider the application and model
permit language when issuing permits (either individual or general). The State may ask each or any of
thTappUcams for more information on their facility and/or discharge if the State needs, additional infor-
mation. EPA Regional Offices will follow these same steps for participants located in States without
NPDES authorization.
Parti
A
A
Part 2
A list of participants by name, location, and precipitation zone
A summary of each participant's industrial activities
An explanation of why the participants are sufficiently similar
A list of significant materials stored outside by each participant and materials management
A list of representative dischargers that will submit test data in Part 2.
Quantitative testing data must be submitted by those facilities identified as "samplers" in
Part I of the application.
- For groups of 4 to 20 members, 50 percent of the facilities must submit data; for groups with
21 to 99 a minimum of 10 dischargers must submit quantitative data; for groups with 100 to
1 000 members, a minimum of 10 percent of the facilities must submit data; for groups with
greaterthan 1,000 members, no more than 100 facilities must submit data; there must be 2
dischargers from each precipitation zone in which 10 or more members olf the group are
locatedfor 1 disctagwfemie^
ed Testing requirements are described under 40 CFR 122.26(c)(l)(i)(fc.) and 4U <~fK
122.21(g)(7).
074-AI
October, 1993
n-i
P57
-------
Overview of the Storm Water Program
Additional Information
A model group application accompanied by detailed information on how to complete both Part 1 and
Part 2 group applications is available from the Storm Water Hotline, (703) 821-4823. Technical support
with regara to sampling procedures is also available from the hotline (NPDES Storm Water "
Guidance Document).
ing
Deadlines
All Industrial Activities Except
Those Owned Or Operated By
A Municipality With A
Population of 100,000 to
250,000
A Industrial Activities Owned or
Operated By A Municipality
With A Population of 100^000
to 250,000
Part 1 - September 30,1991
Part 2-October 1,1992
Part 1 - May 18,1992
Part 2-May 17,1993
074J-AO
0-2
October. 19
-------
Overview of the Storm Water Progran
ATTACHMENT HI
EPA GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS (GENERAL INFORMATION)
On September 9 and 25, 1992, EPA issued general permits for construction and industrial activities (57
FJB-41176 and 44412) which are intended to initially coyer the majority of storm water discharges asso-
ciated with industrial activity in 12 States and 6 territories without authorized NPDES programs. As of
March 1993, 35 of the 39 authorized NPDES States have authority to issue general permits. Facilities
in authorized NPDES States should contact their State permitting agencies to determine the status of the
general.permitting program. The following tables (Attachments UI, IV and V) outline conditions in
EPA's general permits tor industrial activities and construction activities.
Areas of Coverage
A Region I— MA, ME, NH; Indian lands in MA, NH, ME. Region H—PR and Indian lands
in NY. Region III—DC, Federal facilities in DE. Region IV— FL; Indian lands in FL,
MS, NC. Region VI—LA, NM, OK, TX. Region VH—SD; Indian lands in CO, MT, ND,
SD, UT (except Goshute Reservation and Navajo Reservation lands), WY; Federal facilities
in CO; Ute Mountain Reservation in CO, ana NM. Region IX— American Samoa and
Guam; AZ; Territories of Johnston Atoll, and Midway and wake Island; Indian lands in CA,
and NV; Goshute Reservations in UT and NV, Navajo Reservations in UT, NM, and AZ,
Duck Valley Reservation in NV and ID. Region X—AK. and ID; Indian lands in AK, ID
(except Duck Valley Reservation lands), and WA; Federal facilities in WA.
Types of Discharges Cove'red
A EPA's general permits cover the majority of storm water discharges associated with industri-
al activity. Storm water discharges associated with industrial activity that cannot be autho-
rized by EPA's general permits include those:
- With an existing effluent limitations guideline for storm water
- That are mixed with non-storm water, unless the non-storm water discharges are in compli-
ance with a different NPDES permit
- With an existing NPDES individual or general permit for the storm water discharges
- That are or may reasonably be expected to be contributing to a violation of a water quality
standard
- -That are likely to adversely effect a listed or proposed to be listed endangered or threatened
species or its critical habitat
- From inactive mining, or inactive oil and gas operations or inactive landfills occurring on
Federal lands where an operator cannot be identified (industrial permit only).
NOI Requirements
A A facility must submit a Notice of Intent (NOI) to be authorized by the general permit.
A NOI's do not require the collection of discharge sampling data.
A Facilities which discharge to a large or medium municipal separate storm sewer system must
also submit signed copies of the NOI to the operator of the municipal system.
A Operators of construction activities must also submit signed copies of the NOI to State or
local agencies approving sediment and erosion or storm water management plans under
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Overview of the Storm Water Program
which the construction activity is operating.
Deadlines for NQI*s
On or before October 1,1992 for existing industrial activities
A
A
For facilities or construction activities which begin industrial activity after October 1,1992, an
NOI shall be submitted at least 2 days prior to the commencement of the industrial activity.
A NOI's must be sent to the following address:
Storm Water Notice of Intent
P.O. Box 1215
Newington, VA 22122
Special Conditions
A Prohibition on most types of non-storm water discharges as a component of discharges
authorized by this permit. (These discharges should already have an NPDES permit.)
However, EPA's permits authorize certain types of non-storm water discharges.
A In the event there is a release(s) of a hazardous substance in excess of reportable quantities
established under the CWA or CERCLA (see 40 CFR 117.3, 40 CFR 301.4) the discharger
must:
- Notify the National Response Center and the Director, and modify the storm water pollution
prevention plan.
Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements
A Operators of all facilities covered by EPA's general permits must prepare and implement a
storm water pollution prevention plan.
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ATTACHMENT IV
EPA INDUSTRIAL GENERAL PERMIT (SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS)
Contents of NOI for Industrial Activities
A Street address or latitude/longitude
A SIC Code or identification of industrial activity
A Operator's name, address, telephone number, and status as Federal, State, private, public, or
other entity
A Permit numbers) of any existing NPDES permit(s)
A Name of receiving water(s)
A Indication of whether the owner or operator has existing quantitative data describing the
concentration of pollutants in storm water discharges
A A certification that a storm water pollution prevention plan has been prepared for the facility
(for industrial activities that begin operations after October 1,1992).
Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements for Industrial Activities
The Pollution Prevention Plan is considered to be the most important requirement of the General
Permit Each industrial facility covered by the general permit must develop a Plan, tailored to the site
specific conditions, and designed with the goal to control the amount of pollutants in storm water dis-
charges from the site.
A Pollution Prevention Team - Each facility will select a Pollution Prevention Team from its
staff, and the Team will be responsible for developing and implementing the Plan.
A 'Components of the Plan - The permit requires that the Plan contain a description of poten-
tial pollutant sources, and a description or the measures and controls to prevent or minimize
pollution of storm water. The description of potential pollutant sources must include:
- A map of the facility indicating the areas which drain to each storm water discharge point
- An indication of the industrial activities which occur in each drainage area
- A prediction of the pollutants which are likely to be present in the storm water
- A description the likely source of pollutants from the site
- An inventory of the materials which may be exposed to storm water
- The history of spills or leaks of toxic or hazardous materials for the past 3 years.
The measures and controls to prevent or minimize pollution of storm water must include:
- Good housekeeping or upkeep of industrial areas exposed to storm water
- Preventive maintenance of storm water controls and other facility equipment
- Spill prevention and response procedures to minimize the potential for and the impact of
spills
- Test all outfalls to insure there are no cross connections (only storm water is discharged)
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- Training of employees on pollution prevention measures and controls, and record keeping.
The permit also requires that facilities:
- Identify areas with a high potential for erosion and the stabilization measures or structural
controls to be used to limit erosion in these areas
- Implement traditional storm water management measures (oil/water separators, vegetative
swales, detention ponds, etc) where they are appropriate for the site.
A Inspection/Site Compliance Evaluation - Facility personnel must inspect the plant equip-
ment and industrial areas on a regular basis. At least once every year a more thorough site
compliance evaluation must be performed by facility personnel
- Look for evidence of pollutants entering the drainage system
- Evaluate the performance of pollution prevention measures
- Identify areas where the Plan should be revised to reduce the discharge of pollutants
- Document both the routine inspections and the annual site compliance evaluation in a report
A Consistency - The Plan can incorporate other plans which a facility may have akeadypre-
pared for other permits including Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC)
Plans, or Best Management Practices (BMP) Programs.
A Deadlines - The plan must be prepared on or before April 1, 1993, and the facility must be
in compliance with the plan on or before October 1,1993.
A Signature - The plan must be signed by a responsible corporate official such as the presi-
dent, vice president or general partner.
A Plan Review - The plan is to be kept at the permitted facility at all times. The plan should be
submitted for review only when requested by EPA.
Semi-Annual Monitoring/Annual Reporting Requirements
A EPCRA Section 313 facilities
A Primary metal industries Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 33
A Land disposal units/incinerators/BIF's
A Wood treatment facilities
A Facilities with coal pile runoff
A Battery reclaimers
Annual Monitoring/No Reporting Requirements
A Airports with at least 50,000 flight operations per year
A Coal-fired steam electric facilities
A Animal handling/meat packing facilities
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Overview of the Storm Water Program
A Additional .facilities, including:
- SIC 30 and 28 with storage piles for solid chemicals used as raw materials chat are exposed
to precipitation
- Certain automobile junkyards
Lime manufacturing facilities where storm water comes into contact with lime storage piles
- Oil handling sites at oil fired steam electric power generating facilities
- Cement manufacturing and cement kilns
- Ready-mix concrete facilities
- Shipbuilding and repairing facilities
Additional Monitoring Requirements
A Testing parameters for facilities are listed in the general permits.
A At a minimum, all dischargers must conduct an annual site inspection of the facility.
Alternative Certification
A A discharger is not subject to the monitoring requirements for a given outfall if there is no
exposure of industrial areas or activities to storm water within the drainage area of that out-
fall within a given year.
A The discharger must certify, on an annual basis, that there is no exposure to storm water, and
such certification must be retained in the storm water pollution prevention plan. Facilities
subject to semi-annual monitoring requirements must submit this certification to EPA in lieu
of monitoring data..
Numeric Effluent Limitations
A Coal pile runoff: 50 mg/1 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and 6-9 pH
Available Guidance
Storm Water Management for Industrial Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best
Management Practices, available from NTIS (703) 487-4650, order number PB 92-235969; Summary:
Storm Water Management for Industrial Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best
Management Practices (October 1992), available from the Storm Water Hotline, (703) 821-4823.
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ATTACHMENT V
EPA CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS (SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS)
Coverage
A Storm water discharges from construction sites thiit are authorized by this permit include
those that will result in the disturbance of 5 or more acres of land
Contents of NQI for Construction Activities
A Street address or latitude/longitude
A The name, address, telephone number of the operators) with day to day operational control
and operator status as Federal, State, private, public, or other entity
A Permit numbers) of any existing NPDES permit(s)
A Name of receiving water(s)
A Indication of whether the owner or operator has existing quantitative data describing the
concentration of pollutants in storm water discharges
A An estimate of the project start date and completion dates and estimates of the number of
disturbed acres
A A certification that a storm water pollution prevention plan has been prepared for the facility
Deadlines for Notification
A An NOI shall be submitted at least 2 days prior to the commencement of construction (com-
mencement of construction is defined as the initial disturbance of soils associated with clear-
ing, grading, or excavating activities or other construction activities) at any site that will
result in the disturbance of 5 or more acres total land area
Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements for Construction Activities
The Pollution Prevention Plan is considered to be the most important requirement of the Genera
Permit. Each construction activity covered by the general permit must develop a Plan, tailored to th<
site specific conditions, and designed with the goal to control the amount of pollutants in storm wate
discharges from the site.
A Components of the Plan - The permit requires that the Plan contain a site description, and a
description of the measures ana controls to prevent or minimize pollution of storm water.
The site description must include:
- A description of the nature of the construction activity
- A sequence of major construction activities
- An estimate of the total area of the site and of the area to be disturbed
- An estimate of the runoff coefficient of the site after construction is complete
- Any existing data on the quality of storm water discharge from the site
- The name or the receiving water
- Any information on the type of soils at the site; and
- A site map indicating drainage patterns and slopes after grading activities are complete, area*
of soil disturbance, the outline of the area to be disturbed, the location of stabilizatior
measures and controls, and surface waters at the discharge points.
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Overview of the Storm Water Program
A Measures and Controls - Measures and controls to prevent or minimize pollution of storm
water must include three different types of controls: erosion and sediment controls, storm
water management controls and other controls:
- Erosion and Sediment Controls
• Stabilization (seeding, mulching, etc.) - Disturbed areas where construction has perma-
nently or temporarily ceased must be stabilized within 14 days of the last disturbance or
as soon as practicable in semi-arid and arid areas. (Areas which will be redisturbed
within 21 days do not have to be stabilized).
• Structural Controls - Sites with common drainage locations that serve 10 or more dis-
turbed acres must install a sediment basin where it is attainable (where a basin is not
attainable, sediment traps, silt fence or other equivalent measures must be installed.
Sediment basins must provide 3,600 cubic feet of storage per acre drained. Drainage
locations which serve less than 10 disturbed acres must install either a sediment basin,
sediment trap or silt fence along the down slope and side slope perimeter.
A Plan shall be completed prior to submittal of an NOI and updated as appropriate.
A For construction activities that have begun after October 1, 1992, the plan shall provide for
compliance with the terms and schedule of the plan beginning with the initiation of con-
struction activities.
Available Guidance
Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best
Management Practices, available from NTIS (703) 487-4650, order number PB 92-235951; Summary:
Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best
Management Practices .(October 1992), available from the Storm Water Hotline (703) 821-4823.
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Overview of the Storm Water Program
ATTACHMENT VI
MUNICIPAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
*
The CWA requires that NPDES permits for discharges from municipal separate storm sewer systems
include a requirement to effectively prohibit non-storm water discharges into the storm sewers, and con-
trols to reduce the discharge of pollutants to the maximum extent practicable (including management
practices, control techniques and system design and engineering methods, and other provisions appro-
priate for the control of such pollutants). EPA or authorized NPDES States may issue system-wide or
jurisdiction-wide permits covering all discharges from a municipal separate storm sewer system. The
November 1990 storm water final rule established requirements for a two-part permit application
designed to facilitate development of site specific permit conditions. The permit application require-
ments provide municipal applicants an opportunity to propose appropriate management programs to
control pollutants in discharges from their municipal systems. This increases flexibility to develop
appropriate permit conditions and ensures input from municipalities In developing appropriate controls.
Parti
A General information (name, address, etc.)
A Existing legal authority and any additional authorities needed
A Source identification information
A Discharge characterization including:
- Monthly mean rain and snow fall estimates
- Existing quantitative data on volume and quality of storm water discharges
- A list of receiving water bodies and existing information on the impacts of receiving waters
- Field screening analysis for illicit connections and illegal dumping.
A Characterization plan identifying representative ourfsJls for further sampling in Part 2
A Description of existing management programs to control pollutants from the municipal sepa-
rate storm sewer and to identify illicit connections
Part 2
Description of financial budget and resources currently available to complete Part 2.
Demonstration of adequate legal authority to control discharges, prohibit illicit discharges,
require compliance, and carry out inspections, surveillance, and monitoring
Source identification indicating the location of any major outfalls and identifying facilities
that discharge storm water associated with industrial activity through the municipal separate
storm sewer
Discharge characterization data including
- Quantitative data from 5-10 representative locations in approved sampling plans
- For selected conventional pollutants and heavy metals, estimates of the annual pollutant load
and event mean concentration of system discharges
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Overview of the Storm Water Program
- Proposed schedule to provide estimates of seasonal pollutant loads and the mean concentra-
tion for certain detected constituents in a representative storm event
- Proposed monitoring program for representative data collection.
A Proposed management program including descriptions of:
- Structural and source control measures that are to be implemented to reduce pollutants in
runoff from commercial and residential areas
- Program to detect and remove illicit discharges
• Program to monitor and control pollutants from municipal landfills, hazardous waste treat-
ment, disposal, and recovery facilities; EPCRA Section 313 facilities; and other priority
industrial facilities
- Program to control pollutants in construction site runoff.
A Estimated reduction in loadings of pollutants as a result of the management program
A Fiscal analysis of necessary capital and operation and maintenance expenditures.
Available Guidance
Guidance Manual for the Preparation of Part 1 of the NPDES Permit Applicationfor Discharges from
Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems and NPDES Storm Water Sampling Guidance Document,
available from NTIS (703) 487-4650, order number PB 92-114578; Guidance Manual for the
Preparation of Part 2 of the NPDES Permit Applications for Discharges from Municipal Seperate
Storm Sewers Systems, available from the Storm Water Hotline, (703) 821-4823.
Deadlines
Large Municipal Systems With
A Population Of 250,000 Or
More:
(55 ER 48073, Novemer 16, 1990,
Appendices F and H)
Medium Municipal Systems
With A Population of 100,000
to 250,000:
(55 ER 48074, November 16,1990
Appendices G and I)
Parti-November 18,1991
Part 2 - November 16,1992
Part.l - May 18,1992
Part 2-May 17,1993
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Overview of the Storm Water Program
ATTACHMENT Vn
STORM WATER DISCHARGE ASSOCIATED WITH INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY
The discharge from any conveyance which is used for collecting and conveying storm water and which
is directly related to manufacturing, processing or raw materials storage areas at an industrial plant
The term does not include discharges from facilities or activities excluded from the NPDES program
under 40 CFR Part 122. For the categories of industries identified in subparagraphs (i) through (x) of
this subsection, the term includes, but is not limited to, storm water discharges from industrial plant
yards; immediate access roads and rail lines used or traveled by carriers of raw materials, manufactured
products, waste material, or by-products used or. created by the facility; material handling sites- refuse
sites; sites used for the application or disposal of process waste waters (as defined at 40 CFR 401); sites
ty has taken place in the past and significant materials remain and are exposed to storm water. For the
categories of industries identified in subparagraph (xi), the term includes only storm water discharges
from all the areas (except access roads and rail lines) that: are listed in the previous sentence where
material handling equipment or activities, raw materials, intermediate products, final products, waste
material, by-products, or industrial machinery are exposed to storm water. For the purposes of this
paragraph, material handling activities include the: storage, loading and unloading, transportation, or
conveyance of any raw material, intermediate product, finished product, by-product or waste product.
TTri/* t/MTn #»vr»l»iH/»« Qr*fc*ac 1sv*atA/l f\rt nlont lonsle cAr*oi-o*A £r^«* +1*^ •*! #*•»*'*» «•**•}*.***«A| artHvitl/*C cn/*h *ic
(eluded areas is noi
,,.,..,-_.„_ (including industri-
al facilities that are Federally, State, or municipally owned or operated that meet the description of the
facilities listed in this paragraph (i)-(xi) include those facilities designated under the provision of
122.26(a)(l)(v). The foltowing categories of facilities are considered to be engaging in "industrial
activity" for purposes of this subsection:
(i) Facilities subject to storm water effluent limitations guidelines, new source performance
standards, or toxic pollutant effluent standards under 40 CFR Subchapter N (except facilities
with toxic pollutant effluent standards which are; excepted under category (xi) of this para-
graph);
(ii) Facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 24 (except 2434), 26 (except
265 and 267), 28 (except 283 and 285) 29, 311, 32 (except 323), 33, 3441,372;
(iii) Facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 10 though 14 (mineral indus-
try) including active or inactive mining operations (except for areas of coal mining opera-
tions no longer meeting the definition of a reclamation area under 40 CFR 434.11(1) because
the performance bond issued to the facility by the appropriate SMCRA authority has been
released, or except for areas of non-coal mining operations which have been released from
applicable State or Federal reclamation requirements after December 17, 1990 and oil and
gas exploration, production, processing, or treatment operations, or transmission facilities
that discharge storm water contaminated by contact with or that has come into contact with,
any overburden, raw material, intermediate products, finished products, byproducts or waste
products located on the site of such operations; (inactive mining operations are mining sites
that are not being actively mined, but which have an identifiable owner/operator, inactive
mining sites do not include sites where mining claims are being maintained prior to distur-
bances associated with the extraction, beneficiation, or processing of mined materials, nor
sites where minimal activities are undertaken for the sole purpose of maintaining mining
claim);
(iv) Hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities, including those that are oper-
ating under interim status or a permit under Subtitle C of RCRA;
(v) Landfills, land application sites, and open dumps that receive or have received any
industrial wastes (waste that is received from any of the facilities described under this sub-
section) including those that are subject to regulation under Subtitle D of RCRA;
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Overview of the Storm Water Progranr
(vi) Facilities involved in-the recycling of materials, including metal scrapyards, battery
reclaimers, salvage yards, and autompbues junkyards, including but limited to those classi-
fied as Standard Industrial Classification 5015 and 5093;
(vii) Steam electric power generating facilities, including coal handling sites;
(viii) Transportation facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 40, 41, 42
(except 4221-25), 43, 44, 45, and 5171 which have vehicle maintenance shops, equipment
cleaning operations, or airport deicing operations. Only those portions of the facility that
are either involved in vehicle maintenance (including vehicle rehabilitation, mechanical
repairs, painting, fueling, and lubrication), equipment cleaning operations, airport deicing
operations, or which are otherwise identified under paragraphs (iHvii) or (Ix)-(xi) of this
subsection are associated with industrial activity;
(ix) Treatment works treating domestic sewage or any other sewage sludge or wastewater
treatment device or system, used in the storage treatment, recycling, and reclamation of
municipal or domestic sewage, including land dedicated to the disposal of sewage sludge
that are located within the confines of the facility, with a design flow of 1.0 mgd or more, or
required to have an approved pretreatment program under 40 CFR 403. Not included are
farm lands, domestic gardens or lands used for sludge management where sludge is benefi-
cially reused and which are not physically located in the confines of the faculty, or areas
that are in compliance with Section 405 of the CWA;
(x) Construction activity including clearing, grading and excavation activities except: oper-
ations that result in the disturbance of less than five acres of total land area which are not
part of a larger common plan of development or sale;
fxi) Facilities under Standard Industrial Classification 20,21,22,23,2434 25,265,267 27,
283,285, 30, 31 (except 311), 323, 34 (except 3441), 35, 36, 37 (except 373), 38, 39,4221-
25, (and which are not otherwise included within categories (iiM*))
Note- The Transportation Act of 1991 provides an exemption from storm water permitting
requirements for certain facilities owned or pperated by municipalities with a popu-
lation of less than 100,000. Such municipalities must submit storm water discharge
permit applications for only airports, power plants, and uncontrolled sanitary land-
fills that they own or operate, unless a permit is otherwise required by the permitting
authority.
October, 1993
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Chapter 1— Introduction
Excerpt from: "Storm Water Management for Industrial Activities: Developing Pollution Prevention
Plans and Best Management Practices." 1992. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Water. EPA 832-R-92-006.
1.6 SUMMARY OF THE STORM WATER PROGRAM
Storm water discharges have been increasingly identified as a significant source of water pollution
in numerous nationwide studies on water quality. To address this problem, the Clean Water Act
Amendments of 1987 required EPA to publish regulations to control storm water discharges under
NPDES. EPA published storm water regulations on November 16, 1990, which require certain
dischargers of storm water to waters of the United States to apply for NPDES permits. "Waters of
the United States" is generally defined as surface waters, including lakes, rivers, streams,
wetlands, and coastal waters. NPDES storm water discharge permits will allow the States and EPA
to track and monitor sources of storm water pollution. According to the November 16, 1990, final
rule, facilities with a "storm water discharge associated with industrial activity" are required to
apply for a storm water permit. EPA has defined this phrase in terms of 11 categories of industrial
activity that include: (1} facilities subject to storm water effluent limitations guidelines, new source
performance standards, or toxic pollutant effluent standards under 40 CFR Subchapter N; (2)
"heavy" manufacturing facilities; (3) mining and oil and gas operations with "contaminated" storm
water discharges; (4) hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities; (5) landfills, land
application sites, and open dumps; (6) recycling facilities; (7) steam electric generating facilities; (8)
transportation facilities, including airports; (9) sewage treatment plants; (10) construction
operations disturbing 5 or more acres*; and (11) other industrial facilities where materials are
exposed to storm water*. Operators of industrial facilities that are Federally, State, or municipally
owned or operated that meet the above description must also submit applications. If you have
questions about whether or not your facility needs to seek permit coverage, contact the EPA Storm
Water Hotline at (703) 821-4823.
Storm water discharges associated with industrial activity that reach waters of the United States
through Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s) are also required to obtain NPDES storm
water permit coverage. Discharges of storm water to a combined sewer system or to a Publicly
Owned Treatment Works (POTW) are excluded.
The storm water regulation presents three permit application options for storm water discharges
associated with industrial activity. The first option is to submit an individual application consisting
of Forms 1 and 2F. The second option is to participate in a group application. The third option is
to file a Notice of Intent (NOD to be covered under a general permit in accordance with the
*0n June 4, 1992, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit remanded the
exemptions for manufacturing facilities which do not have materials or activities exposed to storm
water and for construction sites of less than five acres to the EPA for further rulemaking.
September 1992 1-5
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Chapter 1—Introduction
requirements of an issued general permit. Regardless of the permit application option a facility
selects, the resulting storm water discharge permit will most likely contain a requirement to develop
and implement a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan.
NPDES permits are issued by the State for States that have been delegated NPDES permitting
authority or by EPA for States that have not been delegated NPDES permitting authority.
Therefore, the specific EPA General Permit requirements discussed in this guidance manual apply
only to facilities located in one of the 12 nondelegated States or Territories (Alaska; Arizona; Idaho;
Louisiana; Maine; Massachusetts; New Hampshire; New Mexico; Oklahoma; South Dakota; Texas;
the District of Columbia; Puerto Rico; Guam; American Samoa; Northern Mariana Islands; Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands; Indian lands in Alabama, California, Georgia, Kentucky, Michigan,
Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, New York, Nevada, South
Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Wisconsin, Wyoming; located within Federal facilities or Indian lands in
Colorado and Washington; and located within Federal facilities in Delaware). EPA expects,
however, that the Federal general permit will be used as a model by NPDES-authorized States,
tailored to meet State-specific conditions. Even though storm water permit requirements will vary
from State to State depending on water quality concerns and permitting priorities for the permitting
authority, EPA expects that most NPDES storm water discharge permits will contain Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan requirements similar to the requirements presented in this manual.
1-6
September 1992
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United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office Of Water
(EN-336)
EPA 833-F-93-002
March 1992
>EPA NPDES Storm Water Program
Question And Answer Document
Volume 1
37.
is a marina required to apply for a storm water permit if it operates a retail
fueling operation, but other vehicle maintenance or equipment cleaning
activities are not conducted onsite?
Facilities that are "primarily engaged" in operating marinas are best classified as
SIC 4493 - marinas. These facilities rent boat slips, store boats, and generally
perform a range of other marine services including boat cleaning and incidental
boat repair. They frequently sell food, fuel, fishing supplies, and may sell boats.
For facilities classified as 4493 that are involved in vehicle (boat) maintenance
activities (including vehicle rehabilitation, mechanical repairs, painting, fueling,
and lubrication) or equipment cleaning operations, those portions of the facility
that are involved in such vehicle maintenance activities are considered to be
associated with industrial activity and are covered under the storm water
regulations.
Facilities classified as 4493 that are not involved in equipment cleaning or
vehicle maintenance activities (including vehicle rehabilitation, mechanical
repairs, painting, and lubrication) are not intended to be covered under 40 CFR
Section 122.26(b)(14)(viii) of the storm water permit application regulations. The
retail sale of fuel alone at marinas, without any other vehicle maintenance or
equipment cleaning operations, is not considered to be grounds for coverage
under the storm water regulations.
Marine facilities that are "primarily engaged" in the retail sale of fuel and
lubricating oils are best classified as SIC code 5541 - marine service stations -
and are not covered under 40 CFR Section 122.26(b)(14)(viii) of the storm water
permit application regulations. These facilities may also sell other merchandise
or perform minor repair work.
Facilities "primarily engaged" in the operation of sports and recreation services
such as boat rental, canoe rental, and party fishing, are best classified under
SIC code 7999 - miscellaneous recreational facilities - and are not covered
under 40 CFR Section 122.26(b)(14)(viii).
13
March 16,1992
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Marina & Boat Pollution Sources: EPA Comparison of
CZARA Management Measures and NPDES Regulations.
Pollution Source
Siting considerations to minimize
NFS impacts
Design considerations to mimimize
NFS impacts
Siting/design to minimize habitat
impacts
Runoff from boat washing on shore
Runoff from marina grounds (non-
industrial)
Runoff associated with hull
maintenance/repairypainting
Nonpoint source impacts from
shoreline erosion
Design for ease of fuel spill cleanup
Improper disposal of sewage
Solid waste handling
Esh waste disposal
Liquid waste handling
Petroleum from boats
In-water cleaning
Public education
Boat operation impacts on habitat
Covered by CZARA
Management Measures
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes*
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes*
Yes*
Yes*
Yes
Yes*
Yes*
Yes*
Yes
Yes
Covered by NPDES
Permitting
No
No
No
Yes, Stormwater from SIC 4493 ***
No
Yes, Stormwater from SIC 4493 ***
No
May be addressed in marina (SIC 4493)
storm water pollution prevention plan
(SWPPP)
Yes, as boat ** discharge if in water and
as SIC 4493 if in storm water on shore
Yes, if storm water runoff is in contact
with handling material from industrial
activity*** as a SIC 4493 facility
No (except commercial fish processing
facility)
Yes, if the storm water runoff contains
the handling material from industrial
activity*** as a SIC 4493 facility
Yes, as boat** discharge if in water and as
storm water from SIC 4493 facility for leaks
from boats in maintenance yards
Yes, as boat** discharge. May also be
addressed inmarinas (SIC4493) SWPPP
Not directly, but could be required as part
of marinas (SIC 4493) SWPPP
No
*
**
Covered by CZARA until a permit is issued, then no longer covered by CZARA.
Boat owner, not marina, would be responsible party for point source (process) discharge to surface waters.
*** Industrial activity is. defined as equipment cleaning or vehicle (e.g., boat) maintenance including vehicle
rehabilitation, mechanical repairs, painting, and lubrication.
Source- "CZARA Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program Workshop; Region III - South
Atlantic, May 18-20", 1993, Alexandria, Virginia." 1993. Sponsored by U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water and National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management.
-------
//. Development of the Management Measures Guidance
Chapter 1
2. Relationship Between This Management Measures Guidance for Coastal
Nonpoint Sources and NPDES Permit Requirements for Point Sources
a. Urban Runoff
Historically, there have always been ambiguities in and overlaps between programs designed to control urban runoff
nonpoint sources and those designed to control urban storm water poinit sources. For example, runoff may often
originate from a nonpoint source but ultimately may be channelized and discharged through a point source. Potential
confusion between these two programs has been heightened by Congressional enactment of two important pieces of
legislation: section 402(p) of the Clean Water Act, which establishes permit requirements for certain municipal and
industrial storm water discharges, and section 6217 of CZARA, which requires EPA to promulgate and States to
provide for the implementation of management measures to control nonpoint pollution in coastal waters. The
discussion below is intended to clarify the relationship "between these two programs and describe the scope of the
coastal nonpoint program and its applicability to urban runoff in coastal areas.
b. The Storm Water Permit Program
The storm water permit program is a two-phase program enacted by Congress in 1987 under section 402(p) of the
Clean Water Act. Under Phase I, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits are required
to be issued for municipal separate storm sewers serving large or medium-sized populations (greater than 250,000
or 100,000 people, respectively) and for storm water discharges associated with industrial activity. Permits are also
to be issued, on a case-by-case basis, if EPA or a State determines thai: a storm water discharge contributes to a
violation of a water quality standard or is a significant contributor of pollutants to waters of the United States. EPA
published a rule implementing Phase I on November 16, 1990.
Under Phase II, EPA is to prepare two reports to Congress that assess the remaining storm water discharges;
determine, to the maximum extent practicable, the nature and extent of pollutants in such discharges; and establish
procedures and methods to control storm water discharges to the extent necessary to mitigate impacts on water
quality. Then, EPA is to issue regulations that designate storm water discharges, in addition to those addressed in
Phase I, to be regulated to protect water quality, and EPA is to establish a comprehensive program to regulate those
designated sources. The program is required to establish (1) priorities!, (2) requirements for State storm water
management programs, and (3) expeditious deadlines.
These regulations were to have been issued by EPA not later than October 1, 1992. Because of EPA's emphasis
on Phase I, however, the Agency has not yet been able to complete the studies and issue appropriate regulations as
required under section 402(p).
c. Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs
As discussed above, Congress enacted section 6217 of CZARA in late 1990 to require that States develop Coastal
Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs that are in conformity with this management measures guidance published by
EPA.
d. Scope and Coverage of This Guidance with Resp&ct to Storm Water
EPA is excluding from coverage under this section 6217(g) guidance all storm water discharges that are covered by
Phase I of the NPDES storm water permit program. Thus EPA is excluding any discharge from a municipal separate
storm sewer system serving a population of 100,000 or more; any discharge of storm water associated with industrial
activity; any discharge that has already been permitted; and any discharge for which EPA or the State makes a
determination that the storm water discharge contributes to a violation of a water quality standard or is a significant
contributor of pollutants to waters of the United States. All of these activities are clearly addressed by the storm
water permit program and therefore are excluded from the coastal nonpoint pollution control program.
1-8
EPA-840-B-92-002 January 1993
-------
Chapter 1
II. Development of the Management Measures Guidance
EPA is adopting a different approach with respect to other (non-Phase I) storm water discharges. At present, EPA
has not yet promulgated regulations that would designate additional storm water discharges, beyond those regulated
in Phase I, that will be required to be regulated in Phase II. It is thus not possible to determine at this point which
additional storm water discharges will be regulated by the NPDES program and which will not. Furthermore,
because of the great number of such discharges, it is likely that it would take many years to permit all of these
discharges, even if EPA allows for relatively expeditious State permitting approaches such as the use of general
permits.
Therefore, to give effect to the Congressional intent that coastal waters receive special and expeditious attention from
EPA, NOAA, and the States, storm water runoff that potentially may be ultimately covered by Phase II of the storm
water permit program is subject to this management measures guidance and will be addressed by the States' Coastal
Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs. Any storm water runoff that ultimately is regulated under an NPDES permit
will no longer be subject to this guidance once the permit is issued.
In addition, it should be noted that some other activities are not presently covered by NPDES permit application
requirements and thus would be subject to a State's Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program. Most importantly,
construction activities on sites that result in the disturbance of less than 5 acres, which are not currently covered by
Phase I storm water application requirements', are covered by the Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program.
Similarly, runoff from wholesale, retail, service, or commercial activities, including gas stations, which are not
covered by Phase I of the NPDES storm water program, would be subject instead to a State's Coastal Nonpoint
Pollution Control Program. Further, onsite disposal systems, which are generally not covered by the storm water
permit program, would be subject to a State's Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program.
Finally, EPA emphasizes that while different legal authorities may apply to different situations, the goals of the
NPDES and CZARA programs are complementary. Many of the techniques and practices used to control urban
runoff are equally applicable to both programs. Yet, the programs do not work identically. In the interest of
consistency and comprehensiveness, States have the option to implement management measures in conformity with
this guidance throughout the State's 6217 management area, as long as NPDES storm water requirements continue
to be met by Phase I sources in that area. States are encouraged to develop consistent approaches to addressing
urban runoff throughout their 6217 management areas.
e. Marinas
Another specific overlap between the storm water program and the coastal nonpoint source programs under CZARA
occurs in the case of marinas (addressed in Chapter 5 of this guidance). In this guidance, EPA has attempted to
avoid addressing marina activities that are clearly regulated point source discharges. Any storm water runoff at a
marina that is ultimately regulated under an NPDES permit will no longer be subject to this guidance once the permit
is issued. The introduction to Chapter 5 contains a detailed discussion of the scope of the NPDES program with
respect to marinas and of the corresponding coverage of marinas by the CZARA program.
f. Other Point Sources
Overlapping areas between the point source and nonpoint source programs also occur with respect to concentrated
animal feeding operations. Operations that meet particular size or other criteria are defined and regulated as point
sources under the section 402 permit program, while other confined animal feeding operations are not currently
regulated as point sources. Other overlaps may occur with respect to aspects of mining operations, oil and gas
extraction, land disposal, and other activities.
1 On May 27,1992, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit invalidated EPA's exemption of construction sites
smaller than 5 acres from the storm water permit program in Natural Resources Defense Council v. EPA, 965 F.2d 759 (9th Cir.
1992). EPA is conducting further rulemaking proceedings on this issue and will not requite permit applications for construction
activities under 5 acres until further rulemaking has been completed.
EPA-840-B-92-002 January 1993
1-9
-------
//. Deve/opment of the Management Measures Guidance
Chapter 1
EPA intends that the Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs to be developed by the States, and the
management measures they contain, apply only to sources that are not required under EPA's current regulations to
obtain an NPDES permit For any discharge ultimately covered by Phase n of the storm water permitting program,
the management measures will continue to apply until an NPDES permit is issued for that discharge. In this
guidance, EPA has attempted to avoid addressing activities that are regulated point source discharges.
1-10
EPA-840-B-92-002 January 1993
-------
Chapters
I. Introduction
G. Other Federal and State Marina and Boating Programs
1. NPDES Storm Water Program
The storm water permit program is a two-phase program enacted by Congress in 1987 under section 402(p) of the
Clean Water Act Under Phase I, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits are required
to be issued for municipal separate storm sewers serving large or medium-sized populations (greater than 250,000
or 100,000 people, respectively), and for storm water discharges associated with industrial activity such as certain
types of marinas. Permits are also to be issued, on a case-by-case basis, if EPA or a State determines that a storm
water discharge contributes to a violation of a water quality standard or is a significant contributor of pollutants to
waters of the United States. EPA published a rule implementing Phase I on November 16, 1990.
a. Which marinas are regulated by the NPDES Storm Water Program?
Under the NPDES Storm Water Program, discharge permits are required for point source discharges of storm water
from certain types of marinas. A point source discharge of storm water is a flow of rainfall runoff in some kind of
discrete conveyance (a pipe, ditch, channel, swale, etc.).
If a marina is primarily in the business of renting boat slips, storing boats, cleaning boats, and repairing boats, and
generally performs a range of other marine services, it is classified under the storm water program (using the
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system developed by the Office of Management and Budget) as a SIC 4493.
Marinas classified as SIC 4493 are the type that may be regulated under the storm water program and may be
required to obtain a storm water discharge permit
A marina that is classified as a SIC 4493 is required to obtain an NPDES storm water discharge permit if vehicle
maintenance activities such as vehicle (boat) rehabilitation, mechanical repairs, painting, fueling, and lubrication or
equipment cleaning operations are conducted at the marina. The storm water permit will apply only to the point
source discharges of storm water from the maintenance areas at the marinas. Operators of these types of marinas
should consult the water pollution control agency of the State in which the marina is located to determine how to
obtain a storm water discharge permit.
b. Which marinas are not regulated by the NPDES Storm Water Program?
Marinas classified as SIC 4493 that are not involved in equipment cleaning or vehicle maintenance activities are not
covered under the storm water program. Likewise, a marina, regardless of its classification and the types of activities
conducted, that has no point source discharges of storm water, is also not regulated under the NPDES storm water
program. In addition, some marinas are classified SIC code 5541 - marine service stations and are also not regulated
under the NPDES Storm Water Program. These types of marinas are primarily in the business of selling fuel without
vehicle maintenance or equipment cleaning operations.
c. What marina activities are covered by this guidance?
.EPA has not yet promulgated regulations that would designate additional storm water discharges, beyond those
regulated in Phase I, that will be required to be regulated in Phase II. Therefore, marina discharges that are not
covered under Phase I, including those discharges that potentially may be ultimately covered by Phase II of the storm
water permits program, are covered by this management measures guidance and will be addressed by the Coastal
Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs. Any storm water discharge at a marina that ultimately is issued an NPDES
permit will become exempt from this guidance and from the Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program at the time
that the permit is issued.
EPA-840-B-92-002 January 1993
5-7
-------
Exhibit A-2
Wetlands Program
Area of Focus/Program
Objective:
Pertinence to Control
of Marina Discharges:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative
Authorization:
Additional
Information:
Protection of wetlands from discharge of dredged or fill material
• Regulates marina activities associated with dredged or fill
material (e.g., channel dredging, expansion or renovation
activities) discharged hi wetlands areas
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water and U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers
EPA Wetlands Hotline: (800)832-7828
or
See Fact Sheets #31 and #32 (attached) for EPA and Army Corps
of Engineers contacts
Clean Water Act §404
• "EPA Wetlands Fact Sheets," March 1993 (excerpts attached;
full copy available from Key Contact, #EPA-843-F-93-001)
Appendix A
A-33
Storm Water and Wetlands Programs
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water (WH-556F),
Office of Wetlands, Oceans,
and Watersheds (A-104 F)
EPA843-F-93-001g
March 1993
WETLANDS FACT SHEET #7
Clean Water Act §404: Overview
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act estab-
lishes a program to regulate the discharge of
dredged and fill material into waters of theUnited
States, including wetlands. Activities in waters
that are typically regulated under Section 404
include fills for development, water resource
projects (e.g., dams and levees), infrastructure
development (e.g., highways and airports), and
conversion of wetlands to uplands for farming
and forestry.
Since its enactment by Congress in 1972, Sec-
tion 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. § 1344)
has evolved through a series of statutory amend-
ments, regulatory changes and key court deci-
sions into the primary Federal regulatory pro-
gram providing protection for the Nation's re-
maining wetlands. EPA and the Army Corps of
Engineers (Corps) jointly administer the Section
404 program. In addition, the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, the National Marine Fisheries
Service, and State resource agencies have impor-
tant advisory roles.
The basic premise of the Section 404 program
is that no discharge of dredged or fill material can
be permitted if there is a practicable alternative
that is less damaging to the aquatic environment
or if the discharge would result in significant
degradation of our Nation's waters.
ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS:
• day-to-day program administration
(eg. including individual permit decisions
and jurisdictional determinations)
• development of policy and guidance
• enforcement
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
• develop and interpret the environmental criteria
used in evaluating permit applications
(j-e., the Section 404(b)(l) Guidelines)
• determine the scope of geographic jurisdiction
• approve and oversee State assumption
of the program's administrative responsibilities
• identify activities that are exempt under §404(0
• review and comment on individual permit appli-
cations
• §404(c) authority to veto Corps' permit decisions
• §404(q) case specific elevation
• enforcement
An applicant must demonstrate that
steps nave been taken to avoid wet-
land impacts where it is practicable.
In addition, applicants are required to minimize
potential impacts to wetlands, and finally to pro-
vide compensation for any remaining unavoid-
able impacts through wetland restoration or cre-
ation activities.
For projects involving potentially significant
impacts, authorization must usually be sought
through an "individual permit" review process.
However, for the great majority of discharges, ie.,
those activities that will have only minimal ad-
verse environmental effects, authorization is of-
ten granted up-front through "general permits."
General permits may be issued by the Corps on a
nationwide, regional or State basils for particular
categories of activities (e.g., minor road crossings,
utility line backfill, and bedding) as a means of
expediting the permitting process. Moreover,
Section 404(f) exempts other activities from regu-
lation under Section 404, including many on-go-
ing farming, ranching and silviculture practices.
FOR MORE INFORMATION: call the EPA Wetlands Hotline*! at l-800r832-7828
*con tractor operated
^ Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water (WH-556F).
Office of Wetlands, Oceans,
and Watersheds (A-104 F)
EPA843-F-93-001h
March 1993
WETLANDS FACT SHEET #8
Clean Water Act §404: Permits
THE S404 INDIVIDUAL PERMIT PROCESS
,.
Within 15 days of receiving all permitinforrnation, the Corps will issue
a public notice that gives a brief -description of the proposed activity,
its location, potential envkoruneHtaiimjpacts, a deadline for receiving
written comments, and the acidiess.for the agency receiving those
comments. -
•• «A*X' ^
a public hearing on a permit;
ie be held. The Corps will use the
jits permit review.
The Corps evaluates the penru|i||
(the Public Interest Review),x
ition based on its regulations
(b)(l) Guidelines.
For every permit decisionf .the Corps p:
that explains how the
public infonnatioif^ppn provide
permit compliance^^evaluating a
statement of finding
This document is
in monitoring
Modified from Kathleen Rude, Xoiaeivatlan: You Can Make » Difference," Ducks IMmittd,
September/October 1990,26-28.
TYPES OF §404 PERMITS
\ f ,V^^VVVirA^KS^%SVVUVVU4n^WWWV.SVVH%V.V^vXvMMi
Case-by-case review
• Public interest review and compliance
with theSection404(b)(l) Guidelines, which
are regulations issued by EPA, with the Corps.
Guidelines requirements include:
• Mitigation sequence
(1) avoidance of impacts through practi-
cable alternatives,
(2) minimization of impacts, and
(3) compensation of unavoidable impacts
through creation or restoration.
• No significant degradation.
• Compliance with other laws.
^ SECTION 404^1
The Corps of Engineers has the authority to
issue general permits for those categories of
activities in wetlands and other aquatic areas
that will have only minimal adverse environ-
mental effects-individually or cumulatively.
• General permits are widely used and speed
up the §404 permitting process because they
do not require a detailed, case-specific re-
view.
• General permits are issued on a nation-
wide, regional, and State basis.
- ^ A~ " '•••• " ••
If an activity falls under a nationwideper- .
,jrut, a discharger generally i!b»t"ftol>|ibfj
ways) can proceed with the activity't*!^,,,
out first applying for an individual peiroit
Individual^ should contact meirlocalCo^ps"
Districts for applicability of general per-
mits. ' "--<"
FOR MORE INFORMATION: call the EPA Wetlands Hotline* at 1-800-832-7828
'contractor operated
, Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
United Stales
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water (WH-556F),
Office of Wetlands, Oceans.
and Watersheds (A-104 F)
EPA843-F-93-001 i
March 1993
WETLANDS FACT SHEET* 9
Definition and Delineation
Definition
Since the 1970's, the US. Army Corps of
Engineers (Corps) and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) have used the same
definition of wetlands for regulatory purposes:
Wetlands are areas that are inundated or satu-
rated by surface or ground water at a frequency
and duration sufficient to support, and that under
normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of
vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated
soil conditions. Wetlands generally include
swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas.
Basically/ wetlands are areas where the
frequent and prolonged presence of water at or
near the soil surface drives the natural system -
the kind of soils that form and the plants that
grow/ and the fish and/or wildlife communities
that use the habitat. Swamps/marshes and bogs
are well-recognized types of wetlands/but there
are many importantspecific wetland types/ such
asvernal pools/ playas and prairie potholes, that
have drier or more variable water regimes than
those well-recognized by the general public.
Field Indicators
When the upper part of the soil is satu-
rated with water at growing season tempera-
tures/ soil organisms consume the oxygen in the
soil/ and conditions unsuitable for most plants
and texture) that are diagnostic of so called
"hydricsoils". The plants that can grow in such
conditions are called "hydrophytes" (e.g.,marsh
grasses). Together/hydricsoilsandhydrophytes
, w^^Xxf
FORMOI
CaJltheEPA
ff f. &
are useful field indicators of the presence of
wetlands and are essential for field identifica-
tion of wetlands.
The actual presence or absence of water
itself (i.e.,fcy ponding, flooding, or soil satura-
tion)/ however, is a less reliable indicator of the
presence of wetlands. Except for wetlands
flooded by ocean tides, the hydrology of wet-
lands fluctuates as a result of rainfall patterns,
snowmelt, dry seasons and droughts. Some of
the most well-known wetlands, such as the Ev-
erglades andMississippi bottomland hardwood
swamps, are often dry. Conversely, many up-
land areas are very wet during and shortly after
wet weather. Such natural fluctuations must be
taken into account when identifying areas sub-
ject to federal wetlands jurisdiction. Similarly/
the effects of upstream dams, drainage ditches,
dikes, irrigation and other modifications must
also be considered.
Delineation Manual
EPA and the Corps are currently using
the 1987 Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delinea-
tion Manual to delineate wetlands for the Clean
Water Act Section 404 permit program. Section
404 requires a permit from the Corps or autho-
rized State for the discharge of dredged or fill
material into the waters of the United States,
including wetlands. The 1987 Manual will re-
main in use pending review of public comments
on the 1991 proposed Manual and the ongoing
National Academy of Sciences study of wet-
lands delineation.
The 1987 manual organizes field indica-
tors into three categories- soils, vegetation, and
hydrology- and has evidence thresholds, or cri-
teria, for each category. With this approach, an
area that meets all three criteria is considered, a
wetland.
•contractor operated
1 Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water (WH-S56F),
Office of Wetlands, Oceans,
and Watersheds (A-104 F)
EPA843-F-93-001m
March 1993
&EPA
WETLANDS FACT SHEET #13
Wetlands Enforcement
Turning to judicial enforcement/ Sections
309(b) and (d) and 404(s) give EPA and the Corps
the authority to pursue civil judicial enforcement
actions seeking restoration and other types of
injunctive relief, as well as civil penalties. The
agencies also have authority under Section 309(c)
to bring; criminal judicial enforcement actions for
knowing or negligent violations of Section 404.
In addition to jointly implementing the
Clean Water Act Section 404 program, EPA and
the US. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) share
Section 404 enforcement authority. There are two
broad categories of Section 404 violations:
• failure to comply with the terms or
conditions of a Section 404 permit
• discharging dredged or fill material
to waters of the U.S. without first
obtaining a permit
m 1989, EPA and the Corps entered into a Memo-
randum of Agreement (MOA) on enforcement to
ensure efficient and effective implementation of
thissharedauthority. Under the MO A, the Corps,
as the Federal permitting agency, has the lead on
Corps-issued permit violation cases. For
unpermitted discharge cases, EPA and the Corps
criteria in the MOA.
The goals of EPA's Section 404
enforcement are three-fold: environ-
mental protection; deterrence; and fair
and equitable treatment of the regu-
lated community. In addition to vol-
untary compliance, which plays an im-
portant role in the Section 404 enforce-
ment program, Sections 309 and 404 of
the Clean Water Act provide the agen-
cies with several formal enforcement
mechanisms to use in achieving these
goals.
Intheadministrativearena,un-
der Section 309(a), EPA can issue ad-
ministrativecomplianceorders requir-
ing a violator to stop any ongoing ille-
gal discharge activity and, where ap-
propriate, to remove the illegal dis-
charge and otherwise restore the site.
Section 309(g) authorizes EPA and the
Corps to assess administrative civil
penalties of no more than $125,000 per
violation.
EPA and the Corps consider a wide vari-
ety of factors when deciding whether to exercise
our enforcement discretion and, if so, what type of
enforcement action to initiate. These factors in-
clude: theamountof fill; thesizeof the waterbody,
including acres of wetlands filled and their envi-
ronmental significance; the discharger's previous
experience with Section 404 requirements and the
discharger's compliance history.
In general, EPA and the Corps prefer to
resolve Section 404 violations through voluntary
compliance or administrative enforcement.
1990
1991
Fiscal Year
1992
EPA Section 404 enforcement actions (initiated)
FOR MORti INFORMATION: call the EPA1 Wefilands Hotline* at 1-800-832-7828
*oontndof operated
> Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
Wetlands Criminal Enforcement
Since enactment of the Clean Water Act,
EPA and the Corps have taken fewer than 20
criminal enforcement actions in response to Sec-
tion 404 violations. Moreover, of those found
guilty of criminal Section 404 violations, fewer
than 10 of these violators have actually been
sentenced to jail time. As demonstrated by the
following examples, EPA and the Corps reserve
their criminal enforcement authority for only
the most flagrant and egregious Section 404
violations.
United States v. Pozsgai
In December 1989, a Philadelphia jury
convicted John Pozsgai on 40 counts of know-
ingly filling wetlands in Bucks County, Pennsyl-
vania, withoutaSection 404 permit. Mr.Pozsgai
was sentenced to three years in jail, ordered to
restore the site upon his release, and assessed a
fine. His conviction and sentence have been
affirmed by the US. Supreme Court.
Even prior to purchasing the 14-acre tract
in 1987, Mr. Pozsgai was told by private consult-
ants that the site contained wetlands subject to
the permitting requirements of Section 404. He
purchased the property at a reduced price due to
the presence of wetlands, and then proceeded to
ignore no less than 10 warnings from EPA and
Corps field staff to stop filling the wetlands
without first getting a Section 404 permit. He
also defied a temporary restraining order (TRO)
issued by a Federal court judge. In fact, the
government documented violation;; of the TRO
on videotape, thanks to thecooperation of neigh-
bors whose homes were being flooded asa result
of Mr. Pozsgai's filling in his wetlands.
United States v. Ellen
Injanuary 1991, William Ellen was found
guilty by aMaryland jury of knowingly filling86
acres of wetlands without a Section 404 permit
He was sentenced to six months in jail and one
yearsupervisedrelease. TheUS.SupremeCourt
denied review of the conviction and sentence.
Mr. Ellen is a consultant who was hired
by Paul Tudor |ones to assist in the location and
creation of a private hunting club and wildlife
preserve'on Maryland's Eastern Shore. With
Mr. Ellen's assistance, Jones selected a 3,000-
acre site in Dorchester County that bordered
Chesapeake Baytributaries and consisted largely
of forested wetlands and tidal marshes. As
project manager, Mr. Ellen was responsible for
acquiring environmental permits and comply-
ing with all applicable environmental rules and
regulations. His own consulting engineers re-
peatedly told him that a Section 404 permit
would be required. Nevertheless, he supervised
extensive excavation and construction work
destroying wetlands at the site without first
obtaining a Section 404 permit Despite repeated
warnings to Mr. Ellen from the Corps^ this
unpermittedactivitydidnotJ " " ~
contacted the subcontractors directly.
For more information: cpntaclrthe EPA Wetlands HQdme*al,l-800^S32-7820 ^ j
•contractor operated
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water (WH-556F),
Office of Wetlands, Oceans,
and Watersheds (A-104 F)
EPA843-F-93-QQ1y
March 1993
WETLANDS FACT SHEET #25
Wetlands and Runoff
Since wetlands are typically the lowest
points on the landscape, they often receive runoff
from surrounding land. Runoff can be collected,
conveyed or discharged from conduits, pipes,
animal feedlots, waste treatment plants or float-
ingcrafts. Inaddition, precipitation,atmospheric
deposition, seepage, or hydrologic modifications
can result in runoff that moves over and through
the ground picking up natural or anthropogenic
pollutants, which then become deposited directly
into surface or groundwater. In either case, as
runoff move across the land, water picks up and
carries with it pollutants which ultimately end up
in rivers, lakes, groundwater, and wetlands.
EPA PROGRAMS
Clean Water Act §402(p)
Section402(p) requiresstormwater permits
for four major classes of stormwater dis^
charges: (1) a discharge with respect to
which a permit has been issued under Sec-
tion 402 before the date of the enactment of
this subsection, (2) a discharge associated
wilthmdustrialactivity,(3)adischargefrom
a municipal separate stormwater sewer
systemserving an incorporated or unineor-
porated,urbanized populationgreater than
100,000, and (4) a discharge that contrib-
utes to a violation of a water quality stan-
dard or is a significant contributor of pol-
lutants to waters of the United States. This
program has issued guidance for prepara-
tion of permit applications for regulated
municipal and industrial stormwater dis-
charges. Inaddition, it stresses the use of
bestmanagement practices (BMPs) tomini-
mize or eliminate the contribution of pol-
lutants to stormwater discharges to waters
of the United States, including wetlands.
Clean Water Act §319
EPA supports a national program to con-
trol nonpoint sources of pollution. EPA
stresses a watershed based approach to
nonpoint source management which can
include protection or restoration of wet-
landsandriparianareas to reduce nonpoint
source pollution. EPA has funded a num-
ber of these projects under Section 319(h).
| Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization
Amendments (CZARA) of 1990 §6217
EPA and the National Oceanic and Atmo-
spheric Administration have developed
giddancespecifyingmanagementmeasures
for nonpoint source pollution affecting
coastal waters. Included in the guidance
(released January 1993) is a chapter on pro-
tection and restoration of wetlands and
riparian areas, and use of vegetated treat-
ment systems for nonpoint source control.
FOJR MORE INFORMATION: call the EPA Wetlbnds Hotline* at 1-800-832-7828
•contractor operated
-------
off resulted in mortality and deformities of wild-
life populations, particularly fish and migratory
birds.
Untreated runoff from agricultural land,
urban areas, and other sources is a leading cause
of water quality impairment. Siltation, excess
nutrients/ changes to water flows such as, more
frequent inundation, and increased turbidity are
responsible for most of the impacts to wetlands
from runoff.
Impacts to wetlands have resulted in con-
sequences such as changed species composition,
increased pollutant loadings (e.g., heavy metals),
and replacing complex wetland systems with less
desired open water. Modifications of wetlands
associated with some stormwater management
practices have resulted in significant impacts to
wetlands.
Some impacts have been particularly
tragic, such as in Kesterson and Stillwater Wild-
lifeRefuges, where untreated, contaminated run-
EPA is developing technical information
that landowners can use to protect the many func-
tions of wetlands, including water quality im-
provement. An issue paper highlighting the im-
pacts of stormwater on wetlands entitled, Natural
Wetlands and Urban Stormwater: Potential Impacts
and Management, is available through the EPA
Wetlands Hotline. A guide describing best man-
agement practices to pretreat stormwater runoff
before it enters a natural wetland is also being
developed. Additional materials on wetlands pro-
tection and restoration for nonpoint source ben-
efits will be developed to assist in implementation
of the wetlands and riparian areas chapter in the
CZARA Management Measures Guidance. EPA
will continue to work to address potential oppor-
tunities and conflicts regarding wetlands and pro-
grams addressing runoff .
..~: "•. -»> , -•.- - '~. - "" , ,, <•' ••. -"TO
ISli|l^
f .• :•• • KrtT a/i!/-Tl»-;/VH'>1 ?rif/-.*»rri-yKrtvl *A-if ^-&£j?JZ2£^$ •?%."$!•
^SJ^^SSsT^? ^SSSS^''"' " wT .r^.-.. &Ui *'" '" ~~^r & •>"••»** ' 'C' W*IT^*"""^V»1^"^'-"'^ *^ ^ ^ j f & r*ft^ * *^"*^ ^*"^l-a4 *^->rt¥i f+ WiW*lW+'W»flH>|(: > ,, ,,
|picragc£$fj^^ ftianct «t e^^yiqa. :, "-;; w;-;: ;:;^';
' • Tynfa^rfiHrtnai ~mfnmatxnn ^^^^^^^^^^^/sto^ivaterprdgram^^ont^^ u%A' '•
FOR MORE INFORMATION: call tlie EPA Wetjands Hotline* It ^-800-83^-7828
•contractor operated
<£§> Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water (WH-556F),
Office of Wetlands, Oceans,
and Watersheds (A-104 F)
EPA843-F-93-001ee
March 1993
WETLANDS FACT SHEET #31
Environmental Protection Agency:
Directory
OFFICE OF WATER • OFFICE OF WETLANDS, OCEANS, AND WATERSHEDS
Robert Wayland, III, Director
David Davis, Deputy Director
Tel: (202) 260-7166
Fax: (202) 260-6294
U.S.EPA
WETLANDS DIVISION (A-104F)
401M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
John Meagher, Director
Suzanne Schwartz, Deputy Director
Tel: (202) 260-7791
Fax: (202)260-2356
WETLANDS AND AQUATIC
RESOURCES REGULATORY BRANCH
Tel: (202) 260-1799
Fax: (202) 260-7546
Gregory Peck, Chief
Enforcement and Regulatory Policy
Section
Cliff Rader, Chief
Elevated Cases Section
Will Garvey, Chief
REGIONAL WETLANDS CONTACTS
Region I: CT, MA, ME, MH, RL VT
Douglas Thompson, Chief
Wetlands Protection Section (WWP-1900)
US.EPA-RegionI
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203-1911
Tel: (617)5654421
Fax: (617) 5654940
Region It NJ, NY, PR, VI
Daniel Montella, Chief
Wetlands Section (2WM-MWP)
U5.EPA-RegionII
26 Federal Plaza, Room 837
New York, NY 10278
Tel: (212)264-5170
Fax: (212)2644690
Region lit DE, MD, PA, VA, WV
Barbara D'Angelo, Chief
Wetlands Protection Section
(3ES42)
US.EPA-RegjonIII
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Tel: (215)597-9301
Fax: CIS) 597-1850
Region IV: AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC,
TN
Tom Welborn, Chief
Wetlands Regulatory Section ~
U-S.EPA-RegkmIV
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
Tel: (404) 3474015
Fax:(404)347-3269
Region V: IL, W, ML MN, OH, Wl
Douglas Ehorn, Chief
Wetlands and Watersheds Section
(WQW-16J)
US.EPA-RegionV
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60604
Tel: (312)886-0243
Fax: (312) 886-7804
Region VI: AR, LA, NM, OK, TX
Beverly Elhridge, Chief
Wetlands Protection Section (6E-FD
US.EPA-RegionVI
1445 Ross Avenue, Suite 900
Dallas, TX 75202
Tel: (214)655-2263
Fax: (214)655-7446
Region VII: IA, KS, MO, ME
Diane Hershberger, Chief
Wetlands Protection Section (ENRV)
US.EPA-RegjonVII
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas aty,KS 66101
Tel: (913)551-7573
Fax: (913)551-7863 ,e
Region VIII: CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY
Gene Reetz, Chief
Wetlands Protection Section (8WM-WQ)
US.EPA-RegionVIII
99918th Street
500 Denver Place
Denver, CO 80202-2405
Tel: (303)293-1570
Fax: (303)391-6957
WETLANDS STRATEGIES AND STATE
PROGRAMS BRANCH
Tel: (202) 260-9043
Fax: (202)260-8000
Glenn Eugster, Chief
Outreach and State Programs Section
Jeanne Melanson, Chief
Wetlands Strategies and Initiatives
Section
Dianne Fish, Chief
Region IX: AZ, CA, HI, NV, Pacific Islands
Philip Oshida, Chief
Wetlands and Coastal Planning Section
(W-74)
US.EPA-RegionDC
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
Tel: (415)744-1971
Fax: (415)744-1078
Region X: AK, ID, OR, WA
William Riley, Chief
Wetlands Section (WD-128)
US.EPA-RegionX
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
Tel: (206) 553-1412
Fax: (206) 553-1775
FOR MORE INFORMATION: call the EPA Wetlands Hotline* at 1-800-832-7828
^contractor operated
, Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
**EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water (WH-5S6F).
Office of Wetlands, Oceans.
and Watersheds (A-104 F)
EPA843-F-93-001ff
March 1993
WETLANDS FACT SHEET #32
Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Program Directory
Michael L. Davis
Assistant for Regulatory Affairs
Office of the Assistant Sec. of Army
-------
US Army Corps
of Engin««r»
Philadelphia District
Frank Cianfrani
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Philadelphia District (CENAP-OP-
N)
Wanamaker Building
100 Penn Square East
Philadelphia, PA 19107-3390
(215)656-6725
NORTH CENTRAL DIVISION
Mitchell A. Isoe
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
North Central Division (CENCD-
CO-MO)
536 S. Clark Street
Chicago, IL 60605-1592
(312)353-6379
Buffalo District
Paul G. Leuchner
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Buffalo District
1776 Niagara Street
Buffalo, NY 14207-3199
(716)879-4313
Chicago District
Jim Evans
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Chicago District (CENCC-CO)
219 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604-1797
(312) 353-6428
Detroit District
GaryR-Mannesto
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Detroit District (CENCE-CO-OR)
P.O. Box 1027
Detroit, MI 48231-1027
(313)226-2432
Rock Island District
Steven J. Vander Horn
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Rock Island District (CENCR-OD-R)
P.O. Box 2004
Clock Tower Building
Rock Island, IL 61204-2004
(309)788-6361
Directory Continued
St. Paul District
Ben Wopat
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
St. Paul District (CENCS-SO-PO)
1421USPO & Custom House
180 East Kellog Boulevard
St. Paul, MN 55101-1479
(612)220-0375
NORTH PACIFIC DIVISION
JohnZammit
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
North Pacific Division (CENPD-OO-
R)
P.O. Box 2870
Portland, OR 97208-2870
(503) 326-3780
Alaska District
Robert K. Oja
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Alaska District (CENPA-CO-NF)
P.O. Box 898
Anchorage, AK 99506-0898
(907) 753-2712
Portland District
BurtPaynter
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Portland District (CENPP-OP-PN)
P.O. Box 2946
Portland, OR 97208-2946
(503)326-6995
Seattle District
Tom Mueller
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Seattle District (CENPS-OP-P0)
P.O.BoxC-3755
Seattle, WA 98124-2255
(206) 764-3495
Walla Walla District
Dean Billiard
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Walla Walla District (CENPW-OP-
RM)
City-County Airport
Walla Walla, WA 99362-9265
(509) 522-6720 or (509) 522-6724
OHIO RIVER DIVISION
Roger D. Graham
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Ohio River Division (CEORD-CO-
OR)
P.O. Box 1159
Cincinnati, OH 45201-1159
(513)684-3972
Huntington District
MikeGheen
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Huntington District (CEORH-OR-R)
502 8th Street
Huntington, WV 25701-2070
(304)529-5487
Louisville District
Don Purvis
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(CEORH-OR-R)
P.O. Box 59
Louisville, KY 40201-0059
(502)582-6461
Nashville District
Joseph R. Castleman
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Nashville District (CEORN-OR-R)
P.O. Box 1070
Nashville, TN 37202-1070
(615) 736-5181
Pittsburgh District
E. Raymond Beringer
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Pittsburgh District (CEORP-OR-R)
1000 Uberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4186
(412)644-6872
PACIFIC OCEAN DIVISION
Mike Lee
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Pacific Ocean Division (CEPOD-CO-
O)
Building 230
Fort Shatter, HI 96858-5440
(808)438-9258
continued.*
-------
USAimyConw
Directory Continued
SOUTH ATLANTIC DIVISION
James M. Kelly
US. Army Corps of Engineers
South Atlantic Division (CESAD-
CO-R)
Room 313
77 Forsythe Street, SW
Atlanta, GA 30335-6801
(404)331-2778
Charleston District
Clarence H. Ham
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Charleston District (CESAC-CO-M)
P.O. Box 919
Charleston, SC 29402-0919
(803)724-4330
Jacksonville District
John Hall
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Jacksonville District (CESAJ-CO-OR)
P.O. Box 4970
400 West Ray Street
Jacksonville, EL 32232-0019
(904)791-1666
Mobile District
RpnKrizman
US. Army Corps of Engineers
Mobile District (CESAM-OP49
109 St. Josevph Street
P.O. Box 2288
Mobile, AL 36628-0001
(205)690-2658
Savannah District
NickOgden
US. Army Corps of Engineers
Savannah District (CESAS-OP-R)
P.O. Box 889
Savannah, GA 31402-0889
(912)9445347
Wilmington District
G. Wayne Wright
US. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington District (CESAW-CO-R)
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402-1890
(919)251-4629
SOUTH PACIFIC DIVISION
Theodore E. Durst
U.S Army Corps of Engineers
S. Pacific Division (CESPD-CO-O)
630 Sansome Street, Room 1216
San Francisco, CA 94111-2206
(415) 705-1443
Los Angeles District
John Gill
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Los Angeles District (CESPL-CO-O)
P.O. Box 2711
Los Angeles, CA 90053-2325
(213)894-5606
Sacramento District
Art Champ
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Sacramento District (CESPK-CO-O)
650 Capitol Mall
Sacramento, CA 95814-4794
(916)551-2275
San Francisco District
Calvin C. Fong
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
San Francisco District
(CESPN-CO-0)
211 Main Street
San Francisco, CA 94105-1905
(415)744-3036
SOUTHWESTERN DIVISION
KenWaldie
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Southwestern Division (CESWD-
CO-R)
1114 Commerce Street
Dallas, TX 75242-0216
(214) 767-2432 or (214) 767-2436
Albuquerque District
Andrew J. Rosenau
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Albuquerque District (CESWA-CO-
O)
P.O. Box 1580
Albuquerque, MM 87103-1508
(505) 766-2776
Fort Worth District
Wayne A. Lea
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Fort Worth District (CESWF-OD-M)
P.O. Box 17300
Fort Worth, TX 76102-0300
(817)334-2681 '
Galveston District
Curt Batey
US. Army Corps of Engineers
Galveston District (CESWG-CO-MO)
P.O. Box 1229
Galveston, TX 77553-1229
(409) 766-3930
Little Rock District
Louie C. Cockmon, Jr.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Little Rock District (CESWL-CO-L)
P.O. Box 867
Little Rock, AR 722G3-0867
(501) 324-52%
Tulsa District
Dave Manning
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Tulsa District (CESWT-OD-R)
P.O. Box 61
Tulsa, OK 74121^0061
(918)581-7261
WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT
STATION
Russell F. Theriot, M anager
Wetlands Research Program
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Waterways Experiment Station
Environmental Laboratory
(CEWES-EL-W)
3909 Halls Ferry Road
Vicksburg,MS 39180-6199
(601)634-2733
(601) 634-3528 (fax)
<£& Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
o
-------
Exhibit A-3
EPA Regional Offices
MAINE
PUERTO
RICO
4
10
9
6
9
8
1
3
3
4
4
9
10
5
5
7
7
4
6
Regions
— Alabama
— Alaska
— Arizona
— Arkansas
— California
— Colorado
— Connecticut
— Delaware
— D.C.
— Florida
— Georgia
— Hawaii
— Idaho
— Illinois
— Indiana
— Iowa
— Kansas
— Kentucky
— Louisiana
1 '—
3 —
1 — •
5 —
5 —
4 —
7 —
8 •—
7 —
9 —
1 —
2 —
6 —
2 —
4 — -
8 —
5 —
6 —
10 —
Regions
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
3
1
4
8
4
6
8
1
3
10
3
5
8
9
9
2
2
Regions
— Pennsylvania
— Rhode Island
— South Carotin;
— South Dakota
"— Tennessee
— Texas
— Utah
— Vermont
— Virginia
— Washington
— West Virginia
— Wisconsin
— Wyoming
— American Sam
— Guam
— Puerto Rico
— Virgin Islands
Storm Water and Wetlands Programs
A-46
Appendix A
-------
Summary of Federal Programs and Tools Related to the Discharge of Vessel
Sewage
There are nine key Federal programs that have influenced current thinking on the discharge of
sanitary waste from vessels, a common source of nonpoint pollution. Programs, as used in this
section, are restricted to Federal programs which provide financial, technical, and/or policy
support to organizations and governments on the subject of vessel sewage discharges. These
programs, and their related tools, were developed by direction of five key Federal statutes (and
their subsequent amendments), including the:
• Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1956 (subsequently called the Clean Water
Act)
• Clean Vessel Act of 1992
• Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972
• Sea Grant College Program Act of 1966
• Public Health Service Act of 1944
A timeline of these statutes and their major amendments or reauthorizations is shown in Exhibit
B-l.
The nine Federal programs or activities derived from the five pieces of key legislation are:
No Discharge Area Approval
Nonpoint Source Implementation Grants (319 Program)
Capitalization Grants for State Revolving Funds
National Estuaries Program
Clean Vessel Act Grant
Coastal Zone Management Administration Awards
Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program
Sea Grant Support
National Shellfish Sanitation Program
Exhibit B-2 illustrates the relationship of the five statutes to these nine programs. The designated
administrator of the legislation is indicated along with any regulations developed for these
programs.
A detailed summary of each program follows. An overview of these nine Federal programs is
provided in Exhibit B-3. This exhibit summarizes the authorized agency (e.g., U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency), participant eligibility requirements (e.g., coastal states only),
and the type of support the program provides (i.e., grant, supplementary protection designation,
guidelines/guidance, information, or certification) for each of the programs.
Exhibits B-4 through B-12, organized by agency, provide a summary for each Federal program
using the following standard categories:
Area of Focus. Intent and purpose of the program.
Pertinence to Control of Vessel Discharges.
control and prevention.
Relevance of program to vessel pollution
Appendix B
B-l
Federal Programs
-------
• Type. Categorizes the program into: grant, supplemental protection designation,
guidelines/guidance, information, and/or certification.
• Authorized Agency. Agency authorized/required by legislation to implement the program.
• Key Contact. Agency, office, address, and telephone number to contact for additional
program information.
• Legislative Authority. Statute authorizing/requiring implementation of the program.
• Program Objective. Key purpose of the program.
• Eligible Applicants. Government entities and individuals eligible for program support.
• Application Deadlines. Fixed deadlines for grant applications.
• Funding Requirements. Program requirements to fulfill prior to consideration for funding.
• Program Restrictions. Any restrictions on the use of program support.
• Additional Information. List of significant supplementary sources for additional program
information.
A map showing the areas approved as No Discharge Areas by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency as of late May 1994 is presented in Exhibit B-4 as an appendix to the No Discharge Area
approval program description.
Although the five key Federal statutes are all related to coastal and inland water bodies and
coastal areas, there are minor differences and often ambiguities in the exact definitions of these
water bodies and areas, which have an effect on the interpretation of the legislation. Exhibit B-13
presents example coastal ocean and Great Lakes areas to depict the coastal area definitions.
Exhibit B-14 summarizes the applicability of the states and territories to the definitions of "coastal
State," "Great Lakes State," "United States," and "State" used in the relevant legislation.
Federal Programs
B-2
Appendix B
-------
Exhibit B-l
Chronology Of Legislation Related To
Vessel Sewage Discharge And Management
1945
1950
1970
Federal Water Pollution
Control Act of 1956
1975
1980
1985
1990
Coastal Zone Manag ment Act of 1972
Federal Water Pollution i
Control Act Amendments '
_ _ _ _ .of.1972 , _.;
Clean Water Act of 1977
Water Quality Act of 1987 <
Coastal Zone Act
Amendmei s of 1990
National Sea Grant
College Program Act of
1966
Sea Grant College «
Program Improvement '
Act of 1976 '
Reauthorization
Public Health
Service Act of 1944
Original
Lesis
, Major Amendment
i or Reauthorization
Clean Vessel Act of 1992
Appendix B
B-3
Federal Programs
-------
-------
Exhibit B-2
Zone
ment
1972
Coastal Zone
Act
Reauthorization
Amendments
of 1990
epartment of
srce, National
nd Atmospheric
inistration
alZone
gement
istration
s (§306)
Coastal
Non-point
Pollution
Control Program
(§6217)
National
Sea Grant
College
Program
Act of 1966
Sea Grant
College
Program
Improvement
Act of 1976
U.S. Department of
Commerce, National
Oceanic and
Atmospheric
Administration
rogram
•oval
ations
l§923)
Sea Giant
Support
Guidelines for
Sea Grant
Fellowships
(15CFR§917)
Public Health
Service Act
of 1944
U.S. Department
of Health and
Human Services,
Public Health
Service
National Shellfish
Sanitation
Program
-------
Relationship Of Federal Legislation And Programs
1
I
a
Federal
Water
Pollution
Control
Act of
1956
FWPCA
Amend-
ments of
1972
Clean
Water
Act of
1977
U.S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Nonpoint
Source
Implementation
Grants (§319)
Capitalization
Grants for State
Revolving Funds
(§205,319,320
& 601-607)
Water
Act of
1987
U.S. Department
of Transportation,
U.S. Coast Guard
National
Estuary
Program
(§317 & 320)
No Discharge
Area Designation
(§312)
Marine Sanitation
Device Standards
(40 CFR §140.3)
No Discharge
Area Designation
(40 CFR §140.4)
EPA Grant Regualtions
(40 CFR §30,31 & 35)
Clean
Vessel
Act of
1992
Marine
Sanitation
Devices
(33 CFR §159)
U.S. Department
of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife
Service
Clean Vessel
Act Grant
Program
(§5604)
Clean Vessel
ActPumpout
Grant Program
(50 CFR §85)
Coastall
Managa
Act of I
U.S.1
Con
Oceanic i
Ad
Mar
Adni
Awai
includes only those regulations related to the indicated programs/activities
-------
•^^
s
g
&D
2
OH
1
•E
"
•SI
§
180
all
s ^. S
*
*
S 2
•2£fc
ca i- 60
.53.S.S
1 |.|
"I1 I 5
f
I
P
1!
cs bo c
I | s
o J2 "o
O 2 s
•*» Q
tq ^J
5r5r
*
Appendix B
B-5
Federal Programs
-------
Exhibit B-4
"No Discharge Area" Approval
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
Protection of waters through prohibition of all vessel sewage discharges
• Restricts boaters from discharging treated/untreated sewage in
approved protection areas
• Typically requires adequate boater pumpout facilities and dump
stations in No Discharge Area
• Enhances environmental quality of boating, swimming, and
shellfish harvesting areas
Supplemental protection designation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds
Oceans and Coastal Protection Division
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202) 260-1952
Clean Water Act §3 12
To proyide additional protection and enhancement of all or some of the
waters within a state that require greater environmental protection
Any interested party (i.e., local government, harbor master) with a
request from the state's chief environmental officer or the Governor
None
N/A
Applicant generally must demonstrate that the proposed No Discharge
Area is necessary for environmental purposes and that adequate dump
stations and pumpout facilities exist
• 40 CFR §140
• "Guidance for States and Municipalities Seeking No-Discharge
Area Designation for New England Coastal Waters" (1991;
EPA Region I)
N/A = Not applicable.
Note: See following page for areas approved by EPA as "No Discharge Areas.1
Source: EPA, 1993b; EPA, 1991; and 40 CFR §140.4.
Federal Programs
B-6
Appendix B
-------
Appendix B
B-7
Federal Programs
-------
Exhibit B-5
Nonpoint Source Implementation Grants (319
Program)
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
Implementation of EPA-approved state nonpoint source management
programs
• Supports and provides guidance on implementation of state
nonpoint source management programs
• Identifies vessel sewage discharges as nonpoint source pollution
Grants; guidance
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office 6f Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds
Assessment and Watershed Protection Division
Nonpoint Source Control Branch
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202) 260-7100
Clean Water Act §3 19(h)
To assist states in implementing EPA-approved Section 319 nonpoint
source management programs
Lead nonpoint source agency in the states, die District of Columbia,
American Samoa, Guam, Northern Marianas, Puerto Rico, Pacific
Trust Territories, Virgin Islands, and Indian Tribes (funds can be
distributed to other agencies or organizations through the nonpoint
source agency)
Set by the EPA Regional Offices
At least 40 percent of project or program costs must be provided by
non-Federal sources; state must meet maintenance of effort
requirements (contained hi Clean Water Act)
Grants may be used only to support implementation of EPA-approved
state nonpoint source management programs, and not to develop new
programs or plans
• "EPA's Final Nonpoint Source Guidance" (February 1991)
• "EPA Assistance Administration Manual" (available from the
National Technical Information Service)
• "General Regulation for Assistance Programs" (available from
EPA)
Source: Clean Water Act §319; NOAA & EPA, 1993; and EOP & GSA, 1993.
Federal Programs
B-8
Appendix B
-------
Exhibit B-6
Capitalization Grants For State Revolving
Funds
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
Construction of publicly-owned wastewater treatment works;
implementation of a nonpoint source management program (under §319
of the Clean Water Act); development and implementation of an estuary
conservation and management plan (under §320 of Clean Water Act)
• Supports construction of public marina on-site wastewater
treatment facility
• Supports upgrade of municipal facilities to handle vessel
sewage
• Supports implementation of nonpoint source control programs
Grants
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Wastewater Enforcement: and Compliance
Municipal Support Division, State Revolving Fund Branch
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202) 260-7366
Clean Water Act §3 19
To assist state and local governments with financing of municipal
wastewater treatment facilities
States, territories, and possessions of the United States (including the
District of Columbia)
July 3 of the year following the y<;ar of appropriation
Grants are placed into a State Revolving Fund, which is used to provide
loans and other types of financial assistance (not grants) to local
communities and intermunicipal and interstate agencies; not more than 4
percent of the capitalization grant can be used for the administration
costs of the State Revolving Fund; the state is required to match 20
percent of the grant
Indian tribes are not eligible to receive capitalization grants
• "State Revolving Fund Management Manual" (available from
Key Contact)
• "EPA Assistance GAD Administrative Manual" (available from
the National Technical Information Service)
• 40 CFR §31 and §35, Subpart K
Source: Clean Water Act §319, 601-607; and EOP & GSA, 1993.
Appendix B
B-9
Federal Programs
-------
Exhibit B-7
National Estuary Program
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
"type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
Reduction of point and nonpoint sources of pollution in estuaries of
national significance (through public awareness programs and water
quality baseline assessments, monitoring, and field surveys)
• Provides support and guidance on development/implementation
of estuary water quality public awareness programs
• Provides funding and guidance on baseline water quality data
collection in support of odier programs or enforcement actions
Grants; supplemental protection designation; guidelines; information
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds
Oceans and Coastal Protection Division
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202)260-6502
Clean Water Act §320
To protect and restore coastal resources in estuaries of national
significance and to develop a Comprehensive Conservation and
Management Plan for each estuary designated by the EPA
Administrator
State water pollution control agencies; interstate and intrastate agencies;
otiier public or nonprofit private agencies; nonprofit institutions and
individuals within the geographic area of a priority estuary for study
under this program
June 1 for the following fiscal year
At least 25 percent of the aggregate project costs must be provided by
non-Federal sources
Proposed project must fit within scope of program (e.g., within an
estuary of national significance)
• "Financial Assistance for the National Estuary Program" (40
CFR, subpart P; Federal Register, Vol. 54, October 1989)
* "Saving Bays and Estuaries, a Primer for Establishing and
Managing Estuary Projects" (available from Key Contact)
• "EPA Assistance Administration Manual" (available from the
National Technical Information Service)
Source: NOAA & EPA, 1993; and EOF & GSA, 1993.
Federal Programs
B-10
Appendix B
-------
Exhibit B-8
Clean Vessel Act Grant Program
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective;
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
Dump station and pumpout station construction, renovation, operation,
and maintenance; facility and station development and planning (coastal
states only); related education/information programs; surveys of the
status of existing facilities and need for additional facilities (coastal
states only)
• Supports development, planning, construction, renovation,
operation, and maintenance of boater pumpout stations and
dump stations
• Provides support and guidance on grant application process
• Supports vessel discharge-related public awareness programs
Grants; guidelines
U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service
U.S. Department of the Interior
Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Federal Aid
Arlington Square, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive
Arlington, VA 22203
(703) 358-1845
Clean Vessel Act of 1992
To provide funds to states for the construction, renovation, operation,
and maintenance of pumpout stations; and dump stations to improve
water quality
An agency of the state designated by the Governor
May 1, 1994 (for FY 1995); May 1, 1995 (for FY 1996); and May 1,
1996 (for FY 1997)
At least 25 percent of the cost of the proposed activities must be funded
by other sources
Grants cannot be used for: activities that do not provide public
benefits; enforcement activities; construction/renovation of "upland"
restroom facilities; or construction, renovation, operation, and
maintenance of on-site sewage treatment plants and of municipal
sewage treatment plants
• Federal Register, Vol. 59, No. 47 (March 10, 1994, pp.
11204-11209)
• Federal Register, Vol. 59, No. 47 (March 10, 1994, pp.
11290-11306)
Sources: DOI, 1993; Clean Vessel Act of 1992; Federal Register. Vol. 59, No. 47, pp. 11204-
11209; and Federal Register. Vol. 59, No. 47, pp. 11290-11306.
Appendix B
B-ll
Federal Programs
-------
Exhibit B-9
Coastal Zone Management Administration
Awards
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
l^pe:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
Coastal ione management administration funding (program includes coastal
wetlands management and protection, public access improvements, reduction
of marinfe debris, and special area management planning)
• Provides funding for the administration of state coastal zone
management programs (which potentially include pollution controls
on nonpoint sources, such as sewage from vessels)
Grants
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
U.S. Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Ocean Service
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management
Coastal Programs Division
1825 Connecticut Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20235
(202) 606-4158
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972
To assist states in implementing and enhancing Coastal Zone Management
programs
Any coastal state (including Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American
Samoa, Northern Marianas, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific), whose
Coastal Zone Management program has been approved by the Secretary of
Commerce
Submit application 180 days prior to the beginning date of the grant
A percentage of die total project cost (which varies by fiscal year) must be
provided by non-Federal sources. Awards are primarily allocated by formula
based on coastal county population and miles of shoreline
Cooperative Agreements can be used only to implement and enhance the
states' approved Coastal Zone Management programs
• 15 CFR §923
Source: DOC, 1993a; CZMA §306 (as amended by CZARA); and EOF & GSA, 1993.
Federal Programs
B-12
Appendix B
-------
Exhibit B-10
Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
Guidance for the development of marina best management measures and
practices
• Provides support and guidance on the development of marina
and recreational boating-related best management measures and
practices (e.g., sewage facility management measure/practices)
• Provides tool for initial standardization of marina sewage
handling and other practices
Grants; guidance; information
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
U.S. Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Ocean Service
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management
Coastal Programs Division
1825 Connecticut Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20235
(202) 606-4158
Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization .Amendments of 1990
To assist states in the development of best management measures and
practices for mannas and odier nonpoint pollution sources
Any coastal state (including Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam,
American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and the Trust Territory of the
Pacific), whose Coastal Zone Management program has been approved
by the Secretary of Commerce
Widiin 30 months of the publication of final management measures
guidance (i.e., July 1995)
At least 50 percent of program development costs must be provided by
non-Federal sources
Coastal Zone Management program approval under §306 of die Coastal
Zone Management Act of 1972
• "Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program: Program
Development and Approval Guidance" (1993; available from
NOAA or EPA)
• "Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of
Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters" (1993; available from
EPA)
Source: CZARA §6217; DOC, 1993a; NOAA & EPA, 1993; and EPA, 1993a.
Appendix B
B-13
Federal Programs
-------
Exhibit B-11
Sea Grant Support
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
General marine resources-related research, education, and training
• Supports marine-related public awareness programs (e.g.,
regional public pumpout guide)
• Provides research opportunities (e.g., water quality
improvement demonstration project)
• Maintains commercial and recreational boater advocacy
• Provides information resources on marine-related topics
Grants; guidance; information
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
U.S. Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Sea Grant College Program
1335 East-West Hwy.
Silver Spring, MD 20910
(301) 713-2448
Sea Grant College Program Improvement Act of 1976
To support the establishment and operation of major university centers
for marine resources research, education, and training. Some
individual efforts in these same areas also receive funding
Schools; state agencies; companies; organizations; individuals
None
One-third or more of the total cost must be from non-Federal sources
Grants cannot go toward the construction or purchase of ships or
facilities
• Guidelines for Sea Grant Fellowships (15 CFR §917)
« "Suggestions for Submission of Proposals and Administration of
Grants" (National Sea Grant Program)
• Federal Register, Vol. 43, No. 70 (April 1978)
• Federal Register, Vol. 43, No. 153 (August 1978)
Source: DOC, 1993b; and EOF & GSA, 1993.
Federal Programs
B-14
Appendix B
-------
Exhibit B-12
National Shellfish Sanitation Program
Area of Focus:
Pertinence to Control of
Vessel Discharges:
Type:
Authorized Agency:
Key Contact:
Legislative Authorization:
Program Objective:
Eligible Applicants:
Application Deadlines:
Funding Requirements:
Program Restrictions:
Additional Information:
Sanitary conditions of shellfish harvesting areas; seafood quality; public
health
• Provides guidance on shellfish harvesting closure area
determinations around marinas (based on vessel discharge
. rates), which assists in determination of current pollution level
Supplemental protection designation; guidelines; certification
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health
Services, Food and Drug Administration
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Office of Seafood
Shellfish Sanitation Branch
200 C Street, S.W., HFF-513
Washington, D.C. 20204
(202) 254-3982
Public Health Service Act of 1944
To develop general guidelines for and cooperative agreements between
the FDA, state agencies, and the shellfish industry to ensure sanitary
shellfish for safe public consumption.
N/A
N/A
N/A
Program is implemented through regulations at state level. Information
at the Federal level is available upon request; no funding is available.
• "National Shellfish Sanitation Program Manual of Operations
(Part I: Sanitation of Shellfish Growing Areas; and Part II:
Sanitation of the Harvesting, Processing and Distribution of
Shellfish)" (1992; available from Key Contact)
• i "Evaluation of Marinas by State Shellfish Sanitation Control
Officials" (FDA Guideline; available from Key Contact)
• Federal Register, Vol. 50 (February 1985)
N/A = Not applicable.
Source: DHHS, 1992; and DHHS, 1993.
Appendix B
B-15
Federal Programs
-------
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Exhibit B-14
Legislative Geographical Definitions
Appendix B
B-17
Federal Programs
-------
Exhibit B-14
Legislative Geographical Definitions (Cont'd)
* f t
J f •* », <* ,
State or Territory
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
American Samoa
Commonwealth of
the Northern Marina
Islands
Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico
Guam
Panama Canal Zone
Trust Territory of the
Pacific Islands
Virgin Islands
"CoastatStaie?'
>Cteaa Vessel
Act
V
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Management Act
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Federal Programs
B-18
Appendix B
-------
List of References
Executive Office of the President and U.S. General Seirvices Administration. 1993. 1993
Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance. Office of Management and Budget. June.
Washington, DC.
U.S. Department of Commerce. 1993a. Personal communication, P. Robertson. National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Coastal Programs Division. Washington, DC.
U.S. Department of Commerce. 1993b. Personal communication, J. West. National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Grants Management Division. Washington, DC.
U.S. Department of Commerce and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1993. Coastal
Nonpoint Pollution Control Program: Program Development and Approval Guidance.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management; Office of Water, Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds. Washington,
DC.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1992. National Shellfish Sanitation Program
Manual of Operations: Part I, Sanitation of Shellfish Growing Areas. Public Health Service,
Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1993. Personal communication, R. Varsaci.
Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Shellfish Sanitation Branch.
Washington, DC.
U.S. Department of the Interior. 1993. Personal communication, B. Pacific. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Division of Federal Aid. Washington, DC.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991. Guidance for States and Municipalities Seeking
No-Discharge Area Designation for New England Coastal Waters. EPA Region I. Boston,
MA.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1993a. Guidance Specifying Management Measures for
Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters. Office of Water. Washington, DC.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1993b. Personal communication, J. Amson. Office of
Water, Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds. Washington, DC.
Appendix B
B-19
Federal Programs
-------
-------
Appendix C;
Relevant Federal Regulations on Vessel Sewage
-------
-------
40 CFR Part 140: EPA Marine Sanitation Device Standard Regulations
-------
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(Federal Register. Vol. 59, No. 47, March 10,1994, pp. 11204-11209)
-------
-------
falconry regulations of the States of
Kansas, New Hampshire and Rhode
Island meet or exceed the Federal
standards.
On March 11,1992. the Missouri
Department of Conservation notified the
Service that the cooperative Federal-
State permit application program was
no longer in effect. Effective March 10.
1994, the practice of falconry in Kansas.
New-Hampshire, and Rhode Island will
be governed by provisions found in 50
CFR 21.28 and 21.29 and the asterisk
following Missouri in 50 CFR 21.29(k)
will be removed thereby removing
Missouri from the cooperative Federal-
State permit application program.
The notice requirements of 5 U.S.C.
§ 553(b) are not applicable because
public comments were solicited by the
Service in a proposed rule for falconry
permit regulations published in the
Federal Register on December 20,1987
(52 CFR 48948) and on September 14,
1989, (54 FR 38142) the final rule was
published in the Federal Register. Also,
the Kansas. New Hampshire, and Rhode
Island regulatory programs allowed for
reasonable public input. On November
17.1987, the Kansas Department of
Wildlife and Parks Commission held
public hearings that were attended by
falconers and concerned wildlife
conservation organizations. Similar
provisions for public hearing or
comments were provided in New
Hampshire on December 24,1987; and
November 20.1992, and in Rhode
Island on August 27,1992. The
Proposed Rule. Migratory Bird Permits;
Determination That Kansas Meets
Federal Falconry Standards, was
published in the Federal Register'on
November 14,1990, (55 FR 47498).
Public comments were solicited at that
time and none were received. As the
rules relating too New Hampshire and
Rhode Island are similar to those
enacted by Kansas; and because of
similar public hearings held in the
respective states, as well as no
comments having been received
regarding the Kansas falconry rules, the
falconry regulations adopted by New
Hampshire and Rhode Island are also
being added to this final rule.
This rule relieves a restriction
prohibiting Kansas, New Hampshire and
Rhode Island from the practice of
falconry; therefore, it is effective upon
publication in accordance with 5 U.S.C
553(d)(l).
Need for Rulemaking
The need for changes to Title 50 CFR
Part 21, has arisen from the expressed
needs of those States (Kansas, New
Hampshire, and Rhode Island) that have
instituted falconry programs for the
benefit of citizens interested in the sport
of falconry and have constructed
regulations that meet or exceed Federal
requirements protecting migratory birds.
Missouri has determined that its needs
are best met by no longer participating
in a cooperative Federal-State permit
application program. However, Missouri
remains a State in which falconry is
practiced. The changes to 50 CFR 21.29
regulations are necessary to
accommodate the needs of the States
affected and those who wish to practice
falconry in these States.
Required Determinations
This rule was not subject to the Office
of Management and Budget review
under Executive Order 12866. The
Department of Interior has determined
that this final rule will not have a
significant effect on a substantial
number of small entities undesr the
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601
et. seq.). It has no potential takings
implications for private property as
defined in Executive Order 12630. The
only effect of this rule will be to allow
falconers in the States of Kansasi New
Hampshire, and Rhode Island to apply
for falconry permits. It is estimated that
approximately 25 people or less would
apply for felconry permits in each of
these States. The removal of Missouri
from the cooperative Federal-State
permit application program does not
affect the ability of individuals to either
apply for or receive falconry permits in
Missouri. Missouri Falconry regulations
meet or exceed Federal falconry
standards. Permits for falconry in
Missouri will be issued separately by
Federal and State authorities. This rule
does not contain any information
collection requirements that require
approval by. the Office of Management
and Budget under the Paperwork
Reduction Act. 44 U.S.C. 3501 et. seq.
These final changes in the regulations in
50 CFR part 21 are regulatory and
enforcement actions that are covered by
a categorical exclusion from National
Environmental Policy Act procedures
under 516 of the Department Manual.
Author
The primary author of this final rule
is Marcia Crpnan, Senior Special Agent,
Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Fish
and Wildlife. Service. Washington. DC
20240.
List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 21
Exports. Hunting, Imports, Reporting
and recordkeeping requirements.
Transportation and Wildlife.
Regulation Promulgation
For the reasons set out in the
preamble, part 21. subchapter B, chapter
I of title 50, Code of Federal
Regulations,' is amended as follows:
PART 21-MIQRATORY BIRO PERMITS
1. The authority citation for Part 21
continues to read as follows:
. Authority: Pub. L. 95-616. 92 Stat. 3112
(16 U.S.C 712(2)).
§21.29 [Amended]
2. Amend § 21.29(k) by adding to the
list of States in alphabetical order the
names "Kansas" preceded by an
asterisk. "New Hampshire" preceded by
an asterisk, "Rhode Island" preceded by
an asterisk and removing the asterisk
preceding "Missouri."
Dated: February 28,1994.
George T. Frampton, Jr.,
Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and •
(FR Doc. 94-5579 Filed 3-9-94; 8i45 am)
BILLING CODE WO-65-M
50 CFR Part 85
BIN: 1018-AB95
Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant
Program
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service.
Interior.
ACTION; Final rule.
SUMMARY: This rule provides the
requirements for participation in the
Clean Vessel Act Grant Program
authorized by Section 5604 of the Clean
Vessel Act of 1992. This rule provides;
for the uniform administration of this
new grant program.
DATES: This rules becomes effective
April 11,1994.
Proposals will be accepted for FY
1995 funds ($7.05 million) between the
effective date and April 29,1994. For
FY 1996 and FY 1997, proposals will be
due by May 1 of the year preceding that
fiscal year (e.g., May 1,1995 for FY
1996).
ADDRESSES: Copies may be obtained by
mailing a request to the Division of
Federal Aid. Fish and Wildlife Service.
U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C
Street, NW, MS 140 ARLSQ,
Washington, DC 20240, or obtained
from the Division of Federal Aid, Fish
and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department
of the Interior, room 140,4401 North
Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22203.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Columbus Brown, Chief, Division of
Federal Aid, (703) 358-2156.
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11205
Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 47 / Thursday. March 10.1994 / Rules and Regulations
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
Sweage discharged by recreational
boaters is a substantial contributor to
localized degradation of water quality in
the United States. The discharge of
untreated sewage by boaters is
prohibited under Federal law in" all
areas within the navigable waters of the
United States. Many boaters have Type
HI marine sanitation devices (holding
tanks), or portable toilets for sewage.
Hoxvever, there is currently an ,
inadequate number of pumpout stations
and dump stations for boaters to dispose
of their sewage. The purpose-of the Act.
therefore.'is to provide funds to States
for the construction, renovation,
operation, and maintenance of pumpout
and dump stations to improve water
quality.
Section 5604 of the Clean Vessel Act
(Pub. L. 102-587, Subtitle F) authorizes
the Director of the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (Director) td make
grants to coastal States for conducting
surveys of the status of existing facilities
and need for additional facilities, and
developing plans for the provision of
facilities: and to all States for
constructing/renovating pumpout and
will be available on a competitive basis
to ensure that grants address the highest
national priorities. Amounts made
available to the Service in a fiscal year
are available for obligating to the States
for two years. Funds obligated to the
States by the Service are normally spent
within the year that these funds are
obligated, but are available until
expended on that grant.
Summary of Comments and
Recommendations
In the July 8,1993, Interim Rule for
the Clean Vessel Act Pumpout grant
Program, all interested parties were
requested to submit comments that
might contribute to the development of
a final rule for a 45 day period ending.
August 23,1993. Appropriate State and
Federal agencies, local governments,
boaters and boating organizations,
marina owners/operators, marine
iperators, marine
equipment manufacturers and retailers,
conservation organizations, and other
interested parties were contacted and
requested to comment.
A total of 2 written comment letters
on the guidelines were received by the
Service from 2 marine equipment
manufacturers. Both comment letters
made suggestions to clarify and
recommendations to modify some of the
language and guidance. In addition, 1
letter opposed the direction of the Clean
Vessel Act to|install pumpout and dump
stations, recommending on-board
treatment instead. -. ..
In addition to the comments received,
ten changes were made. The first change
is in the Summary, Other Dates, and in
§ 85.21(b): The next application period
will end April 29,1994, with $7.05
million available. The second change is
in the Background, second paragraph,
last sentence: language was added to
clarify that the funds available to the
Service each year are available for
obligation to the States for two years. If
not obligated in that two-year period,
the funds are turned over to the U.S.
Coast Guard! for boat safety. Once
obligated to ithe States/however, the
funds are normally spent in the year
obligated, bijrt are available until
expended, j . ,
The third change is in the information
collection requirements section, last two
sentences: The collection of survey
information has been approved by OMB,
and the Service may now fund the State
surveys. Thk fourth change is in
§ 85.20(b)(2l, first sentence, and 85.20
(c)(3): Floating restrooms have been
• added as eligible for federal aid funding.
This addition makes these guidelines in
agreement With the technical guidelines,
in which the Oregon State Marine Board
commented that these restrooms should
be eligible because they meet the intent
of the Act tb reduce vessel sewage
pollution, a;re used solely by boaters,
and provide the pnly means to
reasonably accommodate human waste
from boater's using smaller recreational
watercraft 12-18 ft that do not carry
portable toilets or do not have holding
The fifthlchange is in § 85.22(d). Grant
proposals, jafter innovative approaches:
public/private partnerships, education,
sensitive waters, and public access were
added. The sixth change is in § 85.30
Grant selection criteria, at end of
section: Points have been added to each
of the criteria for both coastal and
inland States. The seventh change is in
Section'85.31 Grant selection, first
.sentence: Regional Offices have been
deleted frbm.'lhe ranking panel and
NOAA, EPA..and USCG have been
added, along with the Service's
Washington office Division of Federal
Aid personnel.
The eighth change is in § 85.31 Grant
selection., second sentence: The date for
the Director to make the selection has
been changed to August 1, annually.
The ninth change is in § 85.44, last
sentence: fee phrase, "for the useful
life", was [deleted, and the phrase, "as
long as thfe facility is needed and it
serves its intended purpose", was
added. Tnis better reflects how long
!
proceeds should be used for operation
and maintenance. An additional
sentence was also added, "Maximum
fee shall be evaluated for inflation, etc.,
each year." This sentence was added
because conditions.may change through
time which may require changes in the
maximum fee that should be charged.
The tenth change is in § 85.48, after (b):
This guidance was added becausS some
States have a question on how they
A lOlal OI D 1S5UBS WOiO IUCUUUEU MJ
the commenters. The Service considered
all suggestions and recommendations.
This final guideline revises the
. proposed guidelines based on the issues
raised by the commenters and makes
other changes to clarify the
requirements in the interim guidelines.
Those comments adopted are included
in the final guidelines in the appropriate
sections. The following fs a discussion
of fee issues raised by fee commenters,
fee Service's responses to those issues,
and a summary of changes made to fee
proposed guidelines.
Issue 1. Raritan Engineering Co., Inc.:
Regarding fee Clean Vessel Act: Low
density of pumpout stations is not fee
problem. Pumpout stations have not
been installed or used because they are
messy, problematic and distasteful. The
primary problems wife marine
sanitation today are: (1) Less than
desirable compliance of existing
legislation; (2) difficulty enforcing
existing legislation; (3) the absence of
systems appropriate for all types of
boats, boaters, and boating; (4) unfair
alloxvances for treated waste water
discharge from municipal waste water
plants while treated waste water from
boating sources is restricted; and (5) the
specter of additional no discharge zone
approvals. The Clean Vessel Act
•attempts to solve fee first problem. It
will not be successful, however, because
fee cause has been misidentified.
Additionally, it does not address;
problems 2 and 3, and will heighten
problems 4 and 5. The Clean Vessel Act
contains no provision to provide funds
to improve or enhan.ce on-board
treatment of boat generated sewage,
. which is fee future of marine sanitation.
The Act should be amended to provide .
50% of fee Wallop-Breaux funds made
available to be spent on fee
documentation of ora-board treatment
systems successes, and to fund research
and development programs for
improved on-board treatment systems to
make them more feasible for fee vast
numbers of small recreational boats.
Response: The Clean Vessel Act
addresses Type m marine sanitation
devices, or holding tanks, only. Types I
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11206 Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 47 / Thursday, March 10, 1994 / Rules and Regulations
and n, as discussed by the commenter,
are not addressed in the current
•legislation. Suggestions made by the
commenter would need additional
legislation, as the Service is not
authorized to make such changes.:
Issue"2. Eoritan Engineering Co., Inc.:
Background, first sentence: The word
"may be" does not correspond to the
wording in the Act, which states that
"Sewage discharged * * * is a:
substantial contributor * '*:**'.
Response: The words "may be" have
been deleted, and the word "is" has •
been substituted.
Issues. RaritanEngineering Co., Inc.:
Subpart C, Part 85.30 Grant selection
criteria, subpart (d): after pumpout arid
dump stations add "and treatment".
Response: As mentioned above in
response to issue 1, treatment is not
within the scope of the Act. .
Issue 4'. Raritan Engineering Co., Inc.:
Subpart C, Part 85.30 Grant selection
criteria: after (g), add "(h) Proposals for
innovative ways to develop on-board
treatment systems (Type I and/or n) that
would be more appropriate for smaller
boats (boats under 30')." .
Response: As mentioned above in
response to issue 1, treatment is not
within the scope of the Act.
Issue 5. Raritan Engineering Co., Inc.:
Subpart C. Part 85.30 Grant selection
criteria: after proposed (h) add "(i)
Proposals to survey coastal boaters to
establish the needs of smaller boaters
such that on-board treatment systems
may be developed to meet the needs
more precisely."
Response: As mentioned above in
response to issue 1. treatment is not
within the scope of the Act;'
Issue 6. Seaiand Technology, Inc.:
Section 85.44 Fee charges, first
sentence: The maximum fee of $5.00
may deter pumpout station installation
for two reasons: waste disposal costs
may warrant a higher fee, and a*
provision should be made for very large
holding tanks (50 gallons plus).
Response: The Service agrees that
there may be situations in which a
higher fee may be needed, and a
statement that higher fees should be'
justified has been added.
Environmental Effects
The effects on the physical, biological
and sociological environment are too
broad, speculative, and conjectural to be
analyzed meaningfully. Therefore, the
action is categorically excluded from
any National Environmental Policy Act
documentation pursuant to 516 DM 2.3'
A(2). However, construction/renovation
af pumpout and dump stations will.
require separate environmental
consideration..
All actions that may be funded by-this
national grant-program will comply
with requirements of the National-
Environmental Policy Act (Appendix 1
of 516 Department Manual 6) prior to
the funding. Compliance with the
National Environmental Policy Act and
other environmental laws related to the
Endangered Species Act, Coastal
Barriers Resources Act as amended by
the Coastal Barrier Improvement Act.
Coastal Zone Management Act,
Executive Orders on Floodplains (E.O.
11988) and Wetlands (E.0.11990),
historic/cultural resources, prime and
unique farmlands, and the Clam Water
Act shall be completed before grant
agreements are approved by the Fish
and Wildlife Service.
Information Collection Requirements
The information collection
requirements contained in this rule.
except for surveys, are only those
necessary to fulfill applicable
requirements of 43 CFR Part 1)2, and
have b'een approved by the Office of
Management and Budget under the
Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C.
3501 et seq.). The collection oi: survey
information contained in this irule was
approved by the Office of Management
and Budget as required by 44 U.S.C
3501 et seq., October 18,1993,, OMB No.
1018-0086, expiration date September
30,19961 Burden is expected to be "
176,665 responses and 30,033 reporting
hours.
Statement of Effects
This rule was not subject to Office of
Management and Budget review under
E.0.12866. The grant program, does not
involve "taking" as described in
Executive Order 12630. The rule allows
eligible States to make decisions
regarding the development and
submission of proposed grants; for
surveys, plans, construction/renovation
and education. Therefore, it is
consistent with Executive Order 12612
on Federalism. The Department certifies
that this document will not have a
significant economic effect on a .
substantial number of small entities
under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C 601 et seq.) The effects of these
rules occur to agencies in the States,
Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands.
American Samoa, the District of
Columbia and the Northern Mariana
Islands. These are not small entities
under the Regulatory Flexibility Act.
Some small entities, mainly marina
operators, may be the recipients of
grants.
Intergovernmental Review of Federal
Programs
This Clean Vessel Act Grant Program
is covered under Executive Order 12372
"Intergovernmental Review of Federal
Programs" and 43 CFR part 9
"Intergovernmental Review of -
Department of the Interior Programs and
Activities." Under the Order* States may
design their own processes for . ...
reviewing and commenting on proposed
Federal assistance under covered ,
programs. .. •
States and territories that participate.
in the Executive Order process have
established Single Points of Contact
(SPOCs). Applicants should alert their .
SPOCs to the prospective applications
and receive any necessary instructions
to provide material as required by the
SPOC. It is imperative that the applicant
submit all required materials, if any, to
the SPOC and indicate the date of this
. submittal (or the date of contact if no
submittal is required) on the narrative.
Applicants from States that choose to
exempt the grants need take no action
" E.0.12372.
Author
The primary author of these rules is
Robert D. Pacific. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service. , ••"...•
List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 85
Grant program. Grant procedures,
Program policy. Project selection
criteria, Natural resources, Coastal
waters, Pumpout station, Dump station..
Recreational vessel, Coastal zone
management,' information •collection.
Recordkeeping and reporting
requirements.
Regulation Promulgation
For the reasons set out in the
preamble, Subchapter F of Chapter I.
Title 50 of the Code of Federal
Regulations is amended by revising Part
85.
PART 85—CLEAN VESSEL ACT
GRANT PROGRAM
Subpart A—General
'Sec. . .
85.10 Purpose and scope.
85.11 Definitions.
,85.12 Information collection,
recordkeepihg, and reporting .
requirements.
Subpart B—Application for Grants
85.20 Eligible activities.
85.21 ..Application procedures.
85.22 . Grant proposals.
Subpart C—Grant Selection
85.30 • Grant selection criteria
85.31 Grant selection.
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/ Th
Federal Register / Vol. 59, No- 47 / Thursday, March 10, 1994 / Rules and Regulations 11207
Subpart D—Conditions on Use/Acceptance
of Funds
85.40 Cost sharing.
85.41 Allowable costs.
85.42 Real and personal property.
85.43 Signs and symbols.
85.44 Fee charges for use of facilities.
85.45 Public access to facilities and
maintenance.
85.46 .Survey and plan standards.
85.47 Program crediting.
85.48 Compliance with Federal laws,
regulations, and policies.
Authority: Public Law 102-587. Subtitle F.
Subpart A—General
§85.10 Purpose and scope.
The purpose of this Part is to establish
requirements for state participation in
the Clean Vessel Act Grant Program
authorized by Section 5604 of the Clean
Vessel Act (Public Law 102-587,
Subtitle F).
§85.11 Definition*
Terms used in this Part shall have the
following meaning:
(a) Clean Vessel Act or Act. The Clean
Vessel Act (Pub. L. 102-587, subtitle F).
(b) Coastal State. A State of the
United States in, or bordering on, the
Atlantic, Pacific, or Arctic Ocean, the
Gulf of Mexico, Long Island Sound, or
one or more of the Great Lakes. The
term also includes Puerto Rico, the
Virgin Islands, Guam, and the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands. The term excludes Alaska and
American Samoa because these States
have a ratio of the number of
recreational vessels in the State
numbered under chapter 123 of title 46,
United States Code, to number of miles
of shoreline (as that term is defined in
§ 926.2(d) of title 15, Code of Federal
Regulations, as in effect on January 1,
1991), of less than one.
(c) Costal waters. In the Great Lakes
area, die waters within the territorial
jurisdiction of the United States
consisting of the Great lakes, their
connecting waters, harbors, roadsteads,
and estuary-type areas such as bays,
shallows, and marshes. In other areas,
those waters, adjacent to the shorelines,
which contain a measurable percentage
of sea water, including sounds, bays,
lagoons, bayous, ponds, and estuaries. •
(d) Coastal zone. Coastal zone has the
same meaning that the term has in
section 304(1) of the Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1992 (16 U.S.C.
1453(1)). The coastal zone consists of
coastal waters (including the lands
therein and thereunder) and the
adjacent shorelands, including islands,
transitional and intertidal areas', salt
marshes, wetlands, and beaches. The
zone extends, in Great Lakes waters, to
the international boundary between the
United States and Canada and, in other
areas, seaward to the outer limit of the
United States territorial sea. The zone
extends inland from the shorelines only
to the extent! necessary to control
shorelands and protect coastal waters.
(e) Construction. Activities which
produce new capital improvements and
increase the value of usefulness of
existing property.
(f) Dump station. A facility
specifically designed to receive sewage
from portable toilets carried on vessels.
Dump stations do not include lavatories
or restrooms.
(g) Education/information. The
education/information program, as
identified in the technical guidelines as
published in the Federal Register, •
designed to make recreational boaters
aware of the environmental pollution
problem resulting from sewage
discharges from vessels and inform
them of the location of pumpout and
dump stations.
(hj Eligible applicant. An agency of a
State designated by the Governor.
(i) Facility. A pumpout station or
dump station.
(j) Grant. An award of financial
assistance, including cooperative
agreements, in the form of money, or
property in lieu of money, by the
Federal Government to an eligible
grantee. ,!
(k) Inland State. A State which is not
a coastal State. The District of Columbia,
American Samoa and Alaska are
included as inland States (Rationale for
Samoa and Alaska being inland States
can be found in.§ 85.11(b) above).
(1) Maintenance. Those activities
necessary for upkeep of a facility. These
are activities; that allow the facility to .
function and include routine recurring
custodial maintenance such as
housekeeping and minor repairs as well
as the supplies, materials, and tools
necessary to carry out the work. Also
included is non-routine cyclical
maintenance to keep facilities fully
functional, i.
(m) Operation. Those activities
necessary for the functioning of a
facility to produce desired results.
These are activities that make the
facility work. ;;
(n) Plans. Those plans identified in •
the technical guidelines as published in
the Federal Register, for construction or
renovation of pumpout and dump
stations necessary to ensure that there
are adequate and .reasonably available
stations to meet the needs of
recreational vessels using the coastal
waters of the State.
(o) Pumpout station. A facility that
pumps or receives sewage from a type
Ed marine sanitation device (holding
tank) installed on board vessels..
(p) Becreational vessel. Watercraft
manufactured for operation, or operated,
primarily for pleasure. This term
includes any watercraft leased, rented,
or chartered to another for the letter's
pleasure.
(q) Renovation. 'Major rehabilitation of
a facility to restore it to its original
intended purpose.
(r) Surveys. Those surveys identified
in the technical guidelines as published
in the Federal Register. .Surveys are
designed to determine the number and
location of all operational pumpout and
dump stations at public and private
marinas, mooring areas, docks, and
other boating access facilities within the
coastal zone. Surveys also are designed
to determine the number of recreational
vessels in coastal waters with holding
tanks or portable toilelts, and the areas
of coastal waters where those vessels '
congregate.
(s) Type M marine sanitation device
(holding tank). Any equipment for
installation on board a vessel which is
specifically designed to receive, retain,
and discharge sewage.
§ 85.12 Information collection, record
'keeping, and reporting requirements.
(a) The information collection
requirements for this grant program,
except for surveys, are those necessary
to comply with 43 CFR12 which
include a narrative statement as
identified in 85.22 Grant Proposals. The
collection of survey information
contained in this rule was approved by
the Office of Management and Budget as
required by 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.,
October 18.1993, OMB No. 1018-0086,
expiration date September 30,1996.
(b) Record keeping requirements
include the tracking of costs and
accomplishments related to the grant as
required by 43 CFR 12;.60, monitoring
and reporting program performance (43
CFR 12.80), and financial reporting (43
CFR 12.81).
(c) Reporting requirements include
retention and access requirements as
required by 43 CFR 12.82.
Subpart B—Application for Grants
§85.20 Eligible actlyittes.
(a) Eligible grant activities—coastal
States:
(1) Eligible activities include
identification in the coastal zone of all
operational pumpout and dump
stations, and surveys of recreational
vessels in coastal waters with holding
tanks or portable toilets, and the areas
where those vessels congregate. Also
eligible are costs of developing a list,
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11208 Federal Register / Vbl, 59. No. 47 / Thursday, March 10. 1994 7 Rules and Regulations
including chart coordinates, of all
operational pumpout and dump stations
in the'coastal zone of the State, for.
submission to the Fish .and Wildlife
Service.
. (2) Plans for construction and
renovation of pumpout and dump
stations in the coastal zone of the State
necessary to ensure that these stations
are adequate and reasonably available to
meet the needs of recreational vessels
using the coastal waters of the State..
Completed Stated-funded plans may. be
submitted after the technical guidelines
appear in the Federal Register.
(b) Eligible grant activities-rall States:
(1) Eligible grant activities include
education/information program to
educate/inform recreational boaters
about the environmental pollution
problems resulting from sewage
discharges from vessels and to inform.
them of the location of pumpout and
dump stations. -
(2) Eligible grant activities include the
construction, renovation, operation and
maintenance of pumpout and dump
stations, including floating restrooms in
the water, not connected to land or
structures connected to the land, used
solely by boaters. Eligible grant
activities also include any activity
necessary to hold and transport sewage
to sewage treatment plants, such as
holding tanks, piping, haulage costs,
and any activity necessary to get sewage
treatment plants to accept sewage, such
as installing bleed-in facilities.
(c) Ineligible activities:
(1) Activities that do not provide
public benefits.
(2) Enforcement activities.
(3) Construction/renovation of upland
restroom facilities.
(4) Construction, renovation,
operation and maintenance of on-site
sewage treatment plants, such .as
package treatment plants and septic
systems, and of municipal sewage
treatment plants for primary and
secondary treatment
§85.21 Application procedures.
(a) Eligible applicants will submit
their proposals to the appropriate
Regional Office of the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service.
Region 1 States Include—American Samoa.
California, Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho,
Nevada. Oregon, and Washington
Division of Federal Aid, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service. Eastside Federal
Complex, 911 ME llth Avenue, Portland.
Oregon 97232-4181, (503) 231-6128
Region 2 States Include—Arizona, New.
Mexico. Oklahoma, and Texas .
Division of Federal Aid, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 1306,500 Gold
.Avenue SW., Albuquerque, New Mexico
87103, (505) 766-2095
Region 3 States Include—Illinois, Indiana,
Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio.
and Wisconsin
Division of Federal Aid, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Bishop Henry Whipple
Federal Building, 1 Federal Drive, Fort
Snelling. Minnesota 55111-40156, (612)
725-3596 .
Region 4 States Include—Alabama, Arkansas.
Florida. Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Mississippi, North Carolina, Puerto Rico.
South Carolina. Tennessee, and the Virgin
Islands
Division of Federal Aid, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 1875 Century Boulevard.
Suite 324, Atlanta. Georgia 30345, (404)
679-4159
Region 5 States Include—Connecticut,
Delaware. District of Columbia, Maine.
Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania. Rhode
Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia
Division of Federal Aid, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 300 Westgate Center
Drive, Hadley, Massachusetts 01035-9589.
(413)253-8501
Region 6 States Include—Colorado, Kansas,
Montana. North Dakota, Nebraska, South
Dakota. Utah, and Wyoming
Division of Federal Aid. U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 134 Federal Building,
P.O. Box 25486, Denver, Colorado 80225
134 Union Boulevard, third floor, Lake wood,
Colorado 80225, (303) 236-7392
Region 7 State Includes—Alaska
Division of Federal Aid. U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 1011 East Tudor Road,
Anchorage, Alaska 99503, (907) 786-3435
(b) Proposals will be accepted for FY
1995 funds ($7.05 million) between the
effective date and April 29,1!394. For
FY 1996 and FY 1997, proposals will be
due by May 1 of the year preceding that
fiscal year (e.g., May 1,1995 i'or FY
1996).
§85.22 Grant proposals.
Grant proposals will consist of a
narrative which identifies and describes
the following: •
(a) The need within the purposes of
the Act (Coastal States with approved
plans should indicate how the activities
contained in thfe proposal implements
the plan); .
{b) Discrete objective(s) to be
accomplished during a specified time
period that address the need(s);
(c) Expected results or benefits from
accomplishing die objectives, including
the numbers of recreational vessels and
people served;
(d) The approach to be used in
meeting the .objectives, including
specific procedures, schedules, key
personnel, cooperators. grant location,
innovative approaches, public/private
partnerships, education, sensitive
waters, public access, and estimated
costs;
(e) Amount and source of matching
funds; and,
(f) Fees for use of facility.
Subpart C—Grant Selection
§85.30 Grant selection criteria.
The Director shall give priority.
consideration to grant proposals that
meet the criteria listed in Subsections a-
h and in the accompanying chart:
(a) In coastal States that nave ho
survey or plan, proposals to complete
such survey and plan;
(b) Proposals for constructing and
renovating pumpout and .dump stations
without an approved plan;
(c) In coastal States, proposals for
constructing and renovating pumpout
and dump stations in accordance with
a coastal State's plan approved under
section 5603(c) of the Clean Vessel Act.
and for inland States, proposals for
constructing and renovating pumpout
and dump stations in accordance with
an inland State's plan;
(d) Proposals that provide for public/
private partnership efforts to develop
and operate pumpout and dump
stations;
(e) Proposals for innovative ways to
increase the availability and use of
pumpout and dump stations, e.g.. where
private parties put in more than the
minimum amount;
(f) Proposals that include an
education/information component;
(g) Proposals that benefit the waters
most likely to be affected by the
discharge of sewage from vessels,
including the waters as defined in the
technical guidelines as published in the
Federal Register, and,'
(b.) Proposals in areas with high
vessel/pumpout or dump station ratios.
Criteria
a. Do a survey/plan
b. Construct, w/no plan .
c. Construct with plan. ..
d. Partnership
e. Innovative approach .
f. Education .'...
g. Sensitive area . — „
h. Low pumpout ratio ...
Total ;
Points
Coastal
state
50
10
20
10
5
5
5
5
Inland
state
5
10
5
2
2
2
2
§85.31 Grant selection.
The Fish and Wildlife Service,
Division of Federal Aid. will convene a
ranking panel of Federal employees, to
include representatives from the
Service's Washington Office of the
Division of Federal Aid. the National
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Federal Register / Vol. .59, No. 4.7 / Thursday, March 10. 1994 / Rules and Regulations 11209
Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, the Environmental
Protection Agency, and the U.Si Coast
Guard, to review, rank, and make
funding recommendations to the
Director of the Fish and Wildlife
Service. The Director will make the
selection of eligible grants by August 1,
annually. Upon selection of a proposal
the appropriate Regional Office will •
advise the successful applicant of
additional documentation requirements.
SubpartD—Conditions on Use/
Acceptance of Funds
§85.40 Cost sharing.
(a) The Federal share shall riot exceed
75% of total costs approved in the grant
agreement.
(b) The provisions of 43 CFR 12.64
apply to cost sharing or matching
requirements. Third party in-kind
contributions must be necessary and
reasonable to accomplish grant
objectives and represent the current
market value of noncash contributions
furnished as part of the grant by another
public agency, private organization, or
individual.
§85.41 Allowable costs.
(a) Allowable grant costs are limited
to those costs that are necessary and
reasonable for accomplishment of
approved grant objectives and meet the
applicable Federal cost principles in 43
CFR 12.60fb). Purchase of informational
signs, program signs, and symbols
designating pumpout and dump
stations, are allowable costs.
(b) Grants or facilities designed f o
include purposes other than those
eligible under the Act shall have the
costs prorated equitably among the
various purposes. Grant funds shall only
be used for the part of the activity
related to the Clean Vessel Act.
(c) Costs incurred prior to the
•effective date of the grant agreement are
not allowable with the exception that
preliminary costs' are allowed only with
the approval of the appropriate Regional
Director. Preliminary costs may include
such items as feasibility surveys, •
engineering design, biological
reconnaissance, appraisals, or
preparation of grant documents such as
environmental assessments for
compliance with the National
Environmental Policy Act.
§ 85.42 Real and personal property.
(a) Applicable regulations regarding
acquisition, property records,.
maintenance, and disposal of real
property and equipment are found in 43
CFR 12.71 and 12.72. If questions arise
regarding applicability, the appropriate
Regional Office should be contacted.
(b) A State shall, ensure that design •
and installation of the facilities are in
accordance with the technical standards
identified in the technical guidelines as
published in the Federal Register.
(c) The State must ensure that
facilities are operated and maintained,
and that structures or related assets are
used for the £tated grant purpose.
§85.43 Signs and symbols.
A national symbol, to be developed, .
should be installed to be clearly visible
to direct boaters entering the facility to
pumpout and dump stations.
Appropriate information signs should
be installed at pumpout and dump
stations. Such information could
indicate feesL restrictions, hours of
operation, operating instructions, and a
contact name and telephone number if
the facility is inoperable.
§ 85.44 Fee charges for use of facilities.
A maximum of a $5.00 fee may be
charged, with no justification, for use of
pumpout facilities constructed, operated
or maintained with grant funds. If
higher fees are charged, they must be
justified befbre the proposal can be
approved. Such proceeds shall be
retained, accounted for, and used by the
operator to c efray operation and
maintenance costs as long as the facility
is needed and it serves its intended '
purpose. The maximum fee shall be
evaluated for inflation, etc., each year.
§85.45 Public access to facilities and
maintenance.
All recreational vessels must have
access to pumpout and dump stations
funded under this grant program.
Facilities shall be operated, maintained,
and continue to be reasonably accessible
to all recreational vessels for the full
period of their useful life.
§ 85.46 Survey and plan standards.
(a) Survejf standards. (1) Surveys
should be conducted according to the
technical guidelines as published in the
Federal Register.
(2) Surveys may be conducted
Statewide, if necessary, to obtain
information on boats using the coastal
zone. .1
(b) Plan standards. Plans should be
developed according to the technical
guidelines as published in'the Federal
Register. • . '
§85.47 Program crediting.
Signs should acknowledge that the
facility was [constructed or.improyed
§ 85.48 Compliance with federal laws;,
regulations, and policies.
(a) In accepting Federal funds, State
representatives must agree to and certify
compliance with all applicable Federal
laws, regulations, and policies. This is
done by submitting an assurances
statement that describes the compliance
requirements for Federal grants.
(b) Compliance with, environmental
and other laws, as defined in Service ~
Manual 523 FW Chapter.l, may require
additional documentation. Consult with
Regional Offices for specific
applicability.
(c) For method of payment, refer to 43
CFR part 12,31 CFR part 205, and any
other regulations referenced in these
parts.
Dated: February 11,1994.
George T. Frampton, Jr.,
Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and
Parks.
[FR Doc. 94-5529 Filed 3-9-94; 8:45 amj
BILLING CODE 4310-55-M
irom the Clean Vessel Act.
; suggested language: "This
with funds
Following i:
facility was built (or improved) using
Federal Aid matching funds authorized
by the Cleafi Vessel Act."
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic ancl Atmospheric
Administration
50 CFR Part 672
[Docket No. 931193-4042; I.D. 030794A]
Groundfish of the Gulf of Alaska
AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries
Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
Commerce.
ACTION: Closure. • '
SUMMARY: NMFS is closing the directed
fishery for Pacific cod by vessels
catching Pacific cod for processing by
the inshore component in the Western
Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska
(GOA). This action is necessary to
prevent exceeding the allocation of
Pacific cod for the inshore component
in this area.
EFFECTIVE DATEt 12 noon, Alaska local
time (A.l.t), March 8,1994, through 12
midnight, A.l.t; December 31,1994.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Andrew N. Smoker, Fishery Biologist,
Fisheries Management Division, NMFS,
(907)586-7228.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The
groundfish.fishery in the GOA exclusive
economic zone is managed by the
Secretary of Commerce according to tne
Fishery Management Plan for
Groundfish of the GOA (FMP) prepared
by the North Pacific Fishery
Management Council under authority of
the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and
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Clean Vessel Act: Pumpout Station and Dump Station Technical Guidelines
(Federal Register. Vol. 59, No. 47, March 10,1994, pp. 11290-11306)
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21290
Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 47 / Thursday. March 10. 1994 / Notices
for up to 2 years from location and entry
under the United States mining laws.
The lands will remain open to all other
uses which may be made of National
Forest System lands.
DATES: Comments or requests for a
meeting should be received on or before
June 8, 1994. . • .
ADDRESSES: Comments and meeting
requests should be sent to the Idaho
' State Director, BLM, 3380 Americana
Terrace, Boise, Idaho 83706-2500.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Larry Lievsay, BLM, Idaho State Office,
(208) 384-3166.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On
February 17, 1994, the United States
Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service filed an application to withdraw
the following described National Forest
System lands from location and entry
under the United States mining laws,
subject to valid existing rights: .
Boise Meridian
Boise National Forest
T. 5N..R.11E.,
Sec. 5. lot 8.
The area described contains 40 acres in
Elmore County.
For a period of 90 days from the date
of publication of this notice, all persons
who wish to submit comments,
suggestions, or objections in connection
with the proposed withdrawal may
present their views in writing to the
Idaho State Director of the Bureau of
Land Management.
Notice is hereby given that an
opportunity for a public meeting is
afforded in connection with the,
proposed withdrawal. AH interested
persons who desire a public meeting for
the purpose of being heard on the
proposed withdrawal must submit a
written request to the Idaho State
Director within 90 days from the date of
publication of this notice. Upon
determination by the authorized officer
that a public meeting will be held, a
notice of time and place will be
published in the Federal Register at
least 30 days before the scheduled date
of the meeting.
The application will be processed in
accordance with the regulations set
forth in 43 CFR part 2300. .
For a period of 2 years from the date
of publication of this notice in the
Federal Register, the lands will be
segregated as specified above unless the
application is denied or canceled or the
withdrawal is approved prior to that
date. The temporary uses which will be
permitted during this segregative period
are presently authorized leases, licenses,
permits,- rights-of-way, etc.
Dated: March 1,1994.
William E. Ireland,
Chief, Realty Operations Section.
[FR Doc. 94-5580 Filed 3-9-94; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-GO-M
Bureau of Reclamation
Privacy Act of 1974—Deletion of.
System of Records
Pursuant to the provisions of the
Privacy Act of 1974, as amended (5
U.S.C. 552a), notice is hereby given that
the Department of the Interior is
deleting from its inventory of Privacy
Act systems of records six notices
describing records maintained by the
Bureau of Reclamation. The systems of
records notices being abolished are
entitled "Accounts Receivable—Interior,
Reclamation-2," which was previously
published in the Federal Register on
December 21,1988 (53 FR 51324),
"Collection Contracts—rlnterioir, •
Reclamation-6," which .was previously
published in the Federal Register on
November 16,1984 (49 FR 45492),
"Publication Sales—Interior,
Reclamation-27," which was previously
published in the Federal Register on
April 11,1977 (42 FR 19103), "Travel
Approval Authorizations and Reports—
Interior, Reclamation-35," which was
previously published in the Federal
Register on April 11,1977 (42 FR
19106), "Travel Vouchers—Interior,
RecIamation-36," which was previously
published in the Federal Register on
September 27,1984 (49 FR 381.96),.and
"Vendor Payment Records—Interior,
Reclamation-44." which was previously
published in the Federal Register on
April 11,1977 (42 FR 19108). These
systems of records are no longer being
maintained in the Department of the-
Interior.
Prior to October 14,1992, the Bureau
of Reclamation maintained a separate
record of individuals who owed money
to the Bureau for the purpose of
accounting for payments received
(Reclamation-2); a record of individuals
who rent, lease or buy from the Bureau
under a collection contract or agreement
for the purpose of collecting funds due
(Reclamation-6); a record of individuals
purchasing Bureau publications for the
purpose of accounting for funds
received from the sale of publications
(Reclamation-27); a record of travel
authorizations for the purpose of
authorizing employees to travel on
official business. (Reclamation-35); a
record of travel vouchers for the
purpose of paying the travel and
transportation expenses of employees
who travel on official business
(Reclamation-36); and a record of
individuals furnishing services or
supplies for the purpose of documenting
the disbursement of funds to these
individuals (Reclamation-44).
With the establishment of the
Departmentwide system of records
"Federal Financial System—Interior.
DOI-90" (57 FR 47118),.these systems
became obsolete. On December 14,
1992, the records maintained in these
systems were incorporated into the
Federal Financial System..
These changes shall be effective on
publication in the Federal Register
(March 10,1994). Additional
information regarding this action may
be obtained from the Departmental
Privacy Act Officer, Office .of the
Secretary, Office of Administrative
Services, 1849 "C" Street NW., Mail
Stop 5412 MIB, Washington, DC 20240,
telephone (202) 208-6045.
Dated: March 3,1994.
Albert C. Caraacho,
Director, Office of Administrative Services.
[FR Doc. 94-5589 Filed 3-9-94; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-94-M
Rsh and Wildlife Service
RIN1018-AC06
Clean Vessel Act: Pumpout Station
and Dump Station Technical
Guidelines .-
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service,
Interior.
ACTION: Notice of final guidelines.
SUMMARY: These final technical
Guidelines are being published in
response to section 5605, Guidance and
Notification, of the Clean Vessel Act of
1992, which requires the issuance of
draft technical guidelines for public
comment within 3 months after the date
of the enactment of this Act, and the
issuance of final technical guidelines
within 6 months after the date of
enactment The technical guidelines
should be used by States to conduct
surveys and develop plans for pumpout
stations and dump stations, to develop
education/information programs,-and to
construct pumpout stations and dump
stations. .
DATES: These final technical guidelines
are effective April 11.1994.
ADDRESSES: Copies of the final
guidelines may be obtained by mailing
a request to the Division of Federal Aid,
Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S.
Department of the Interior; 1849 C
Street, NW. (Mailstop 140 ARLSQ),
Washington, DC 20240, or by picking it
up at the Division of Federal Aid, Fish
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I
Federal Register / Vql; 59. NoJ 47 / Thursday, March 10, 1994 •/ Notices 11291
and Wildlife Service, room 140,4401.
North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Virginia
22203.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Columbus Brown, Chief, Division of
Federal Aid. (703) 358-2156:
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
Findings
The Congress found that there is
currently an inadequate number of
pumpout stations for Type ffl marine
sanitation devices (MSD) (holding
tanks) where recreational vessels
normally operate; and, sewage
discharged oy recreational vessels,
because of an inadequate number of
pumpout stations, is a substantial
contributor to localized degradation of
water quality in the United States.
Purpose of the Act
' The purpose of the Clean Vessel Act
(Act) Pub. L. 102-587, subtitle F)" is to
provide funds to States for the .
construction, renovation, operation, and
maintenance of pumpout stations and
dump stations."
Purpose of the Technical Guidelines
The purpose of these guidelines is to
provide States with technical
information on adequacy of and •
appropriate types and location of
pumpout stations and dump stations;
disposal of sewage from these facilities,
and waters most likely to be affected by
the discharge of sewage from vessels.
They also provide information to the
States in completing the surveys,
developing plans, and developing an.
education/information program. The
guidelines will let States know what
options are available and provide them
with basic information upon which to
base their choices. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) regional
offices, regulatory agencies, equipment
suppliers and marina operators are
another valuable source of information.
The guidelines, however, are not to be
used as a design manual or a substitute >
for the preparation of a design for a
specific facility.
Consultation'
As required in section 5605 of the
Act, the Secretary of the Interior
(Interior) has consulted with the
Administrator of the EPA, the Under
Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and .
Atmosphere (NOAA). and the
Commandant of the Coast Guard
(USCG), in the development of these
guidelines. In addition, Interior has
consulted with coastal States, local
municipalities, boat users,
manufacturers of pumpout equipment,
marina operators, conservation groups,
and others in obtaining information
necessary to develop these guidelines.
Three scoping meetings were held in
January 1993,! with various constituents.
A scoping document was sent to nearly
100 people, and 45 comment letters
were received. Draft guidelines were
published in the Federal Register June
17.1993* Vol. 58, No. 115, pages 33447r
33457, and comment letters were
received. EPA, NOAA, and USCG
assisted in the review of these
comments and finalization of these
guidelines.
Relationship to the Grant Process
The technical guidelines are interim
guidelines that will be later codified.
They should be used by coastal States
in conducting surveys, developing plans.
and education/information programs,
and constructing pumpout/dump
stations. However, grant guidelines will
be needed for States to properly apply
for funds under this grant program. The
grant guidelines will provide criteria for
the Fish and jVildlife Service (Service)
to use in prioritizing grant proposals for
.funding. Such information as priorities,
national pumpout symbols, other signs,
fee restrictions, and monitoring success
of projects, will be placed in the grant
guidelines; Grant guidelines are being
developed separately, and were
published in the Federal Register July 8,
1993, Vol. 58i No. 129, pages 36619-
36623. Funds are made available
through a coriipetitive process to coastal
States to complete the surveys and
develop plans, and, for all States, to
apply for construction grants and
education funds.
!
Statement of Effects
These guidelines have been reviewed
under EO12866. The guidelines do not
involve "taking" as described in
Executive Orier 12630. The guidelines
allow eligible States to make decisions
regarding thej development and .
submission of proposed grants for
' surveys, plans, construction/renovation
and education. Therefore, they are .
consistent with Executive Order 12612
on Federalism. The Department certifies
that this document will not have a
significant economic effect on a
substantial, number of small entities
under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seg.) The effects of these
guidelines occur to agencies in the
.States, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin
Islands, American Samoa, the District of
Columbia and the Northern Mariana
Islands. Some small entities, mainly
marina operators, may be the recipient
of grants.
Summary of Comments and
Recommendations
In the June 17,1993. Notice of Public
Review of Technical Guidelines, all
interested parties were requested to
submit comments that might contribute
to the development of a final rule for a
45 day period ending August 2,1993.
Appropriate State and Federal agencies,
local governments; boaters and boating
organizations, marina owners/operators,
marine equipment manufacturers and
retailers, conservation organizations,
and other interested parties were
contacted and requested to comment.
A total of 8 written comment letters
on the proposed guidelines were
received by the Service, 4 from State
agencies, 1 from a boating organization,
1 from a marina organization, 1 from a
conservation organization; and 1 from a
marine equipment manufacturer. All
comment letters made suggestions to
clarify and recommendations to modify
'some of the language and guidance. One
verbal comment suggesting clarification
was recorded from a State official. In
addition to the comments received, four
changes were made. The first change is
in the Backgrounds. Definitions were
relocated to the Technical Guidelines
portion, just ahead of section 1. The
second change is in the Technical
Guidelines portion, section 2., first
paragraph, and the Technical
Guidelines portion, section 4., first
paragraph, third sentence. Surveys and
Plans should be submitted to the
appropriate Regional Office. Addresses
are provided. The third Change,
Technical Guidelines, section 2., is an
addition to the second paragraph, first
sentence, to indicate that all marinas
should be surveyed. The fourth change
is an addition of two paragraphs in the
Information Packet, section 6., Off-Site
Treatment, between the first and second
paragraphs. These two paragraphs were
inadvertently left out of the draft
guidelines.
A total of 44 issues were identified by
the comrnenters. The Service considered
all suggestions and recommendations.
. This final guideline revises the
proposed guidelines based on the issues
raised by the commenters and makes
other changes to clarify the .
requirements in the proposed.
guidelines. Those comments adopted
are included in the final guidelines in
the appropriate Sections. The following
is a discussion of the issues raised by
the commenters, the Service's responses
to those issues, and a summary of
changes made to the proposed
guidelines.
Issue 1. Raritan Engineering Co., Inc.:
Background, Findings, Raritan
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11292 Federal Register / Vol. 59, No, 47 / Thursday, March 10, 1994 / Notices
Engineering said the word "may be"
does not correspond to the wording in
the Act, which states that "sewage
discharged * * * is a substantial
contributor* * *."
. Response: The words "may be" have
been deleted, and the word "is" has
been substituted. ' . , •
Issue 2. International Marina Institute
(IMI): Other issues, Technical
Guidelines, first paragraph, first
sentence: The IMI states that the
program should be handled by State
administrators who know, and are
known by, the marina industry.
Inappropriate State program managers
may not work as aggressively or
successfully to facilitate pumpout
. installations. According to the IMI,
some of the official State contacts have
little or nothing to do with marinas or
boat sewage controls. These contracts
must move beyond traditional turf and
foster inter- and intra-agency
cooperation, planning and management.
Response: The Service agrees that the
State should select, the most appropriate
State administrators to ensure the
highest interest in the program, and
encourages them to do so. The Service
has been working closely with each
State administrator identified. However,
the actual selection process, according
to statute, is up to the Governor of each
State.
Issue 3. International Marina Institute
(IMI): Technical Guidelines, first
paragraph, second sentence: The IMI
states that, unless the prohibition by a '
number of State laws to grant funds to
private marinas is overcome, the intent
of Congress will not be achieved.
Guidelines need to be strengthened
requiring grants be available to private
facilities as well. The IMI said that
States must identify restrictions on
giving grants to private marinas in their
application and what Will be done to
o%'ercome this problem. States must
explain in their plan how they will seek
private applications and what
proportion of the slip/mooring capacity
is in public vs. private marinas. The EMI
states that the Service should caution
that inability of any State to give grants
to private marinas will significantly
lower that State's priority for funds.
Funds should go to public and private
marinas in approximate ratio to the
public/private ratio in each State.
Should the private marinas choose to
not apply for grants during the first four
years, then the IMI states that the funds
should be released for use by the public
sector in the fifth year of the program.
1 Similarly, in the Information Packet,
section 8. Other Information That is
Considered: The IMI states that this
Section should include language that
such States with legal roadblocks to this
public/private partnership must be
required, as a condition of receiving any
. program funds, to change their law,
and/or seek legal ways to bypass the
serious impediment. IMI is veiy worried
about this issue, and asks the Service to
take affirmative action to keep private
business a full partner in this program.
Response: The Service" agrees that it is
very important for States to overcome
any prohibition of States to fund private
.marinas, and has added language in the
Technical Guidelines portion, first
paragraph, fourth sentence, and in the
Technical Guidelines portion, section 4.
Plans, (4)(e). States are already required
to identify any restrictions to funding
private marinas in the techniceil
guidelines portion, section 4. Plans,
(4)(e). The priority system identified in
the final grant guidelines gives higher
priority to those projects with public/
private partnerships. Regarding the
comment that funds should go to public
and private marinas in approximate
ratio to the public/private ration and the
comment that funds be released to the
public sector in the fifth year if private
marinas do not apply, priority will be
given by the Service to those facilities
that, solve resource problems identified
in the State's Plan rather than public/ -
private ratios, which may not match •
resource problems. Regarding the
suggestion that States with legal
roadblocks'-to funding private rnarinas
should be required to change their laws
before funds will be granted to them, the
Service has no legal authority to require
States to change their laws.
Issue 4. Center for Marine
Conservation and States Organization of
Boating Access, Technical Guidelines,
first paragraph, second and third
sentences, "Both public and private
marinas are eligible to participate in this
program and should conform to these
technical guidelines. Other marinas
would not have to conform.": Both
groups asked what other types of
marinas .there are other than public and
private?
Response: This statement has been
corrected to read that public and private
marinas that participate must conform
to these guidelines. Marinas that do not
participate do not have to conform.
Issue 5. Center for Marine
Conservation (Center): Technical
Guidelines. Definitions (4) Waste
reception facility: In the Center's work
with vessel-generated garbage and the
Marine Plastic Pollution Research and
Control Act, "reception facility" refers
to garbage cans, dumpsters, and
recycling containers at ports and
marinas. "Adequate reception facilities"
are required under MPPRCA, and are
referred to quite often. The Center wants
to make sure that the phrase "waste
Teception facilities" referred to in the
Clean Vessel Act guidelines is not going
to confuse boaters or marina operators
who are also exposed to provisions of
the garbage laws dealing with garbage
reception facilities. The Center suggests
using another term, such as "portable
toilet dump station" or "sewage
reception-facility".
Response: The Service agrees and has
changed the term to agree with the term
used in the grant guidelines: Dump
stations.
Issue 6. Oregon State Marine Board
(Marine Board): Technical Guidelines.
Definitions (4) Dump Station: The
Marine Board states that floating
restrooms should be eligible for federal
aid. They suggest that they are an
eligible "dump station" which meets
the intent of the Act to reduce vessel
sewage pollution. Although landside
restrooms should be ineligible, floating
restrooms are not upland facilities and
are used solely by boaters as dump
stations. The Marine Board states that
floating restrooms provide the only
means to reasonably accommodate
human waste from boaters using smaller
recreational watercraft 12-18 ft that do
not carry portable toilets or do not have
holding tanks.
Response: The Service agrees, and has
added language in the guidelines to '
incorporate this suggestion, provided
the facility is in the water, not
connected to the shore.
Issue 7. International Marina Institute
(IMI): Technical Guidelines, Definitions.
(9) Coastal zone: the IMI suggests
Printing out the full definition for
coastal zone as given hi the CZM Act of
1972 under Definitions.
Response: The Service agrees, and has
printed it in full in the final guidelines..
Issue 8. International Marina Institute
(IMI): Technical Guidelines, section 2.
Surveys, Facility Survey, second
paragraph, first sentence: The IMI stales
that survey of marinas for pumpout
stations/dump stations should indicate
whether the facility is public or private.
Response: The Service.agrees and has
added this survey, question to the text.
Issue 9. Michigan Department of
Natural Resources (Michigan DNR):
Technical Guidelines, section 2.
Surveys, second paragraph, first
sentence, discussion of survey by
specific coordinates: The Michigan DNR
states that the Clean Vessel Act does not
require the States to identify marinas by
North American Datum Standard,
nautical charts, etc. According to the .
law, section 5603 entitled "Charts (1) In
General—the Under Secretary of
Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere
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Eederat
Thursday. Marcbi 10,,' 1934 -"6 Notices
11293
shall Indicate, on charts published by
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, (NOAAI'for tha use. o£
operators of recreational vessels,, tha
locations.o£pumpout stations and:diunp
stations-""The MichigaaDNR asks-.that
thiiportion-ofthe technicatguidelines
be taken out and be replaced, by, tha
specifications o£tha Act
flesponserThe Sendee, agrees, and has
rephrased; this portion to. agree.-with, the
Act. Tha Service suggests that, obtaining
specific coordinate&for. marinaamay be
helpful'to determine location of marinas.
for development of plans.
Issue Iff. International Marina.
Institute (IMI): Technical Guidelines^
section.2. Boat Survey.."third paragraph:
The IME states that most States do not
have the ability to. quickly- determine
which boats have toilets and: what type
MSB they are. The IMI states, that tha
Service should request that the USCG
require States to ask altboat owners if
they have a MSU and" what typey.and"
include the data in their annuaFboating
statistics reports. According to the IMF,
States should list MSD use as.- part of
their annual reports to. the USGG and
the USCG needs-to correlate its own
Federal documentation program
(assume alls documented vessels have
toilets).
Response: The Service recognizes, that
this information may. not be readily,
available, and has advised. States in
section 2.'of the technical'guidelines
and Information Packet portion, ofthese
guidelines that reasonable estimates, are
acceptable. The Packet also.advisea
States of alternative-means of obtaining
this information. The USCG. would:
require legislative authority to require
States to ask all. boat owners if they have
a MSD andindude the data to their.
annual boating statistics report, since.
the purpose of the report is now boat
safety. Regarding the comment that the.
USCG correlate its own Federal:
documentation, this would*not result in,
obtaining a sufficient number of boats
for the States to adequately, complete-
their survey.
Issue 11. OregonState Marine.Board
(Marine Board): Technical Guidelines, •
section 3., first paragraph, first sentence:.
The Marine Boardrequests the Service
to add "/orI".,The sentencashouldiread:
"As a general'guidei at least one
pumpoutstation and Vor* dump-station
should be provided'for every 300-to 600"
boats (not considering length or
toilets);" In Oregon,.accorduig.to the
Marine Boardi the number of boats
under 26 ft. is over90% of the
registered boats, in die State. Thereforet.
the requirement of one. pumpout as. the
sole means, for vessel' waste- reception.
and not including, dump stations or
other means o£ waste disposal for every .
300 to 600; boats, regardless, of boat
length, wouldba impracticablatameet
in Oregprvaccording, to the Marina-
Board.
flesponse^This formula ia guidance
only,, not a. requirement. States: should
use their judgment as to. when- thia
formula should be modified,, or event
used. : .
Issue 12. International Marina
Institute (DyH): Technical. Guidelines,.
section-. 3. Adequate Pumpeuts, first
paragraph-, first sentence: According to
.the IMI, this section must be directly'
linked to the number and location: of
boat toilet&j Otherwise, States may
count all boats- whether or not capable.
of holding a MSD toilet Boat count
guide for the number of pumpout
stations no^v-includes-all canoes,
dinghies, rowboats, etc^.and! all other
boats without toilets, which-distorts
boat toilet use-patterns, and: location of
pumpout needs. The 1MB states that the-
word-.Mnot?1 in. the-followingsentence-
should be-deletedt "As » general' guide,
. . .. 30O: to 600 .boats (not considering-
length, or to|ilets)l""Fhe nifl: requests-
adding the-following: "Themumber and
location of pumpouts be based' on
counts of boata with toilets and/or boats
22 feet in; length and1 larger capable of
having-installed:MSD&":
flesponserTrie-Service agrees that
canoes, dinghies, etc... should1 not be
included' in1-the-assessment of need, and
has added' language to that' effect. The
amended method now suggested" in the
guidelines-is a general guide only, and
can be- further amended by adding the
language suggested'by-the commenter,
orbyanyojFthe factors listed in that
Section. |
Issue 13. Oregon State Marine Board
(Marine Bojird): Technical. Guidelines,
Section 3., first paragraph, second
sentence: The Marine Board states that
there needs| to be a better breakdown of
the requirement for vessel dump
stations and pumpouts for marinas
accommodating, over 50 boats. The
Marine Board'suggests, the. following
language: "Marina with. 50 slips, or more.
that are. capable of. mooring 26 ft. + boats.
install'at least one pumpout station.
Marinas: with 50. slips or more that are.
capable of mooring lfr-26. £L boats.
install at least one. pumpout or portable
toilet dump station.""
.Response: This Sectioa has been.
rewritten to incorporate the suggested .
language. Because the guideline, is not a.
requirement, but guidance,, which States-,
should' uselpr modify as needed,,
additional language has been added.
which, clarifies this, point States should
assess, each, particular, situation to.
determine the. pumpout stations and
dump-stations-needed.
Issue: 14, Oregon State Marine Board
(Marina Board): Technical Guidelines,.
Section 3., second paragraph: The:
Marine Board requests-adding, tha
following to better clarify where to
install waste reception facilities: "Wasta-
reception facilities should be sited in
conjunction wtthimaiinas,.parking lot
harbor or where, vessels congregate'or
are used,, such, as transient harbor* or
launching ramps."
.Response: The statement has-been:
amended to better clarify where dump
stations should be installed.
Issue- 15- International Marina '
Institute (IMI): Technical Guidelines,.
section. 4, (3) Expected Results or
Benefits: To the end of that sentence the
IMI requests adding'"* * * and how
results, will be. monitored and benefits.
will be-measured,."'
Response: Although' States, have the-
option, to. monitor and measure benefits,,
and'are encouraged to do so when.
necessary, requiring this step of the-
States goes beyond the intent of the-Act
and conveys an unnecessary, burden: to.
the-States, There may-be so many other
factors,,such as.municipal sources-of
pollutioiMhat. it may be extremely;
difficultand-expensive to-measure the.
specific benefit of installing pumpouts.
Pumpouts should be viewed as a-Best
Management Practice which, when.
installed, will help, clean up the-water
by preventing one source, of pollution.
Issue Iff. International.Marina
Institute (IMI): Technical Guidelines,.
section 4. (4Hc)t.Appr.oach/Strategy:
The IMI suggests mentioning here or in
section 8. that grants should not go; for
endless: repairs of existing; pumpouts.
which-, have: proven to be located in-
inappropriate sites, under failed
government control, or which has a
history of unreasonably low use-and
performance. The.IMI states that the
State strategy'must address the question:
of whether or. not an existing pumpout
station^ is. worth upgrading, and how
demonstrated problem pumpout
services, will be upgraded, or eliminated;
Response: The Service agrees and has
added language in section- 4-. (4) (c)>
Issue 17...International Marina:
Institute (IMI); Technical. Guidelines,,.
section. 4. (4)..(d): To tha list following
"How States will ensure that* * *"the.
IMI requests adding "(iii) facilitate-
speedy, permits for pumpout station:
constraction-or improvement" The.Rffl-
states that Federal and State agencies:
must facilitate,.speecUandmake.less;
expensive-the process of< granting
permits, for pumpout stations, Tha IMI-
requests:thatthe-guideh'nes asfc States-to>
tell the Service how. the permit: procesa
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11294
Federal Register /Vol. 59, No.. 47 7 Thursday, March 10,-1994 / Notices
will be expedited, and to document the
average time it takes for a pumpout
permit. The IMI believes the Service
should give high priority to those States
xvho speed the process.
Response:The Service encourages.
States to expedite the permit processes
required by State and local
governments, so that facilities will be
installed as soon as possible. However,
requiring the requested information is
beyond the scope of the Act and the
authority of the Service.
Issue 18. International Marina
Institute (IMI): Technical Guidelines,
section 4. (4) Approach: The IMI
requests adding "(i) Describe methods to
be used to measure program costs and
benefits to the boating public; and (j)
How the State will evaluate and monitor
the program effectiveness and make
changes to approaches as weaknesses
and/or unanticipated opportunities
become apparent." The IMI believes that
program evaluation needs to be given
greater emphasis, to assure quality
products.
Response: Section "(i) Describe
methods to measure costs and benefits
* * *" is beyond the scope of the Act.
Section (j) is included in the grant
guidelines, § 85.42(c), which requires
States to ensure that facilities are
operated and maintained and used for
the stated grant purpose. A paragraph at
the end of section 3. of the Technical
Guidelines has been added to give
program evaluation greater emphasis.
Issue 19. Center for marine
Conservation (Center): Technical
Guidelines, section 5. Education/
Information: The Center considers
education as a critical component in the
ability of the Clean Vessel Act to keep
boater's sewage out of the water. They
are concerned that all education efforts
will be done State by State, and that
there is no plan for national
development of model education
programs or materials which can then
be used by the States. With the Center's
marine debris work, they have seen the
effective use of a national information
office, and have seen that it minimizes
duplication at the State level, and
enhances coordination and
communication between educators. The
Center believes something similar for
the Clean Vessel Act would enhance the
ability of the Act and reduce costly
duplication.
Response; The Service is planning a
workshop with Federal, State and local
agencies, the marine industry, boaters,
conservation organizations, and
interested parties, early in 1994, to
identify gaps in the education program,
and responsibilities for filling those
gaps. The Service encourages any
organization interested to attend. Notice
of the date, time, and place will be
published in the Federal Register. In
addition, the EPA is developing two
reports on the subject, both still in draft:
(1) Framework for a Public Outreach
Strategy on Sewage Discharges from .
Boats and Marinas; and, (2) INTERIM
REPORT: Summary of Federal Programs
and Tools; Summary of State and Local
Programs and Tools; Identification of
Missing and Needed Information for
Guidance Development on Boat and
Marina Pollution Control; List of
Contacts.
Issue 20. Oregon State Marine Board
(Marine Board): Technical Guidelines,
section 6. (1) (a) and (b), discharge of
wastewater to treatment facilities and
• transport by licensed septage haulers:
The Marine Board-has found that time
and again with Oregon there has been
non-acceptance of vessel wastes by
many small municipal wastewater
. treatment facilities. Therefore, the
Marine Board recommends that USFWS
or others conduct a detailed study on
the effects of vessel waste treated by
municipal wastewater systems and
provide States iechnical guidance on
this matter.
Response: When developing the State
Plan, States are asked to identify any
problems with municipal treatment
plant operators accepting marine
sewage. When the extent of the problem
is ascertained, the Service will then '
consider solutions to the problem. At
this time, a number of studies have been
done to show that vessel sewage should
not be a problem to waste treatment
plants. Education may be the best tool
for overcoming this perceived problem.
Issue 21. International Marine
Institute (IMI): Technical Guidelines,
section 7., third paragraph, after first
sentence: The IMI requests adding a
sentence: "When pumpouts are
installed on or near boat fueling areas,
explosion proof motors and switches
must be used."
Response: The Service agrees and has '
added language to that effect.
Issue 22. International Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
section 1. (5) Nursery Areas: The IMI
states that this section is misleading,
unsupported, and subject to regulatory
abuse, and should be deleted. New York
State Department of Environmental
Conservation (DEC): The DEC requests
expanding "Nursery areas of indigenous
aquatic life" in section 1., item (5) to
make reference to State and Federally
designated significant habitats such as
are designated in Coastal Zone
programs.
Response: The Service agrees that the
definition is too broad and has deleted
it, substituting the definition suggested
by New York State DEC in the
Information Packet and section 1. (5) of
the technical guidelines.
Issue 23. International Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
section 1., Discussion of the effects of
vessel sewage on these waters, first
paragraph, third sentence: The IMI
requests changing the word from
"several" to "many!' in the sentence
"While vessel sewage discharges
represent only one of 'several' sources
* * *»»
Response: The Service agrees and has
made .the change."
Issue 24: International Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
Section 1., Discussion of the effects of
vessel sewage * * * second paragraph,
second sentence: The IMI requests '
adding the word "uncooked" to text:
"Humans are put at risk by eating
'uncooked' contaminated shellfish.
* * *" According to the IMI, cooking
kills the pathogens.
Response: Although the discussion is
primarily about pathogens, cooking does
not destroy all forms of contaminants.
Therefore, the conservative approach is
taken..
Issue 25. International Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
Section 1., Discussion of the effects of.
vessel sewage * *' * second paragraph,
last sentence: The IMI requests deleting
"and swimming beaches" from text.
According to the IMI, the statement is
not true for most beaches.
Response: The Service agrees that the
statement is not true for most beaches,
and has modified the statement
accordingly.
Issue 26. International Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
Section 1., Discussion of the effects of
vessel sewage * * * third paragraph,
last 2 sentences: The IMI requests
deleting the last two sentences: "Sewage
discharged from holding tanks will thus
increase the biological oxygen demand
(BOD) in the vicinity of boats. When
this occurs in poorly .flushed
waterbodies, the dissolved oxygen
concentration of the water may decrease
(Milliken and Lee, 1990." According to
the IMI, this is misleading and faulty
logic. If kept, the IMI requests fully
qualifying this statement as to the
number of holding tanks which must be
dumped to make it significant.
Response: The sentences are general,
informational statements. The
statements have been qualified to ensure
that they are not misleading.
Issue 27. North Carolina Department
of Environment, Health & Natural
Resources (DEHNR): Information Packet,
section i., last paragraph, first, fourth
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Federal; Register fl Vt>& 59> Ner.
VK I Thursday; March-. 10,. 1994 /• Notices-
11295
and fifth, sentences, and Information;
Packet; Section 6., secono/paragraph,
last sentence: Itis.the.DEHNR's.
understandingthat zinc sulphate. wa»
voluntarily taken- off the market* ID'years:
ago-when its degrading effects on. waste'
treatment were-discovered; According-to:
the DEHNR,,plant' operators.and:
regulators-shourd'not be gjven-.the
implicatiottthat heavy metals- or ether
The holding tank chemicals intuse-today
ar8-generally>bfodegradable-and!if even
marginally diluted;, have-little effect on
treatment-systems The-DEHNE requests
that the Information Packet be-written ta
describe why the waste can betreated-
in existing;systems- rather than helping-
to panic regulatory agencies that-are notj
familiar with-the research, or the rate
and'volumes of present demands.
Response: Zinc sulphate has been
deleted from the discussion, and.the
discussion modified in both places to
indicate the lack of real-'problems noted
from-use of these chemicals.
Issue 28. mtemational'Marina
Institute (IMI).- The IMTrequests that the-
Service-credit IMT for its contributions
in the guidelines. Information-Packet,.
section 3-., first and?second paragraphs:
The IMI requests-the following-he
appended to these paragraphs: "(Ross &
Amaral, 1992)"; to give credit for this
text to the EMI survey- of New England1
pumpout stations mentioned'
previously. Information Packet, section;
7., third'paragrapn, "Equipment failure-
* * « ». Tjj9 u^n requests the following
be appended to this paragraph: "(Ross &
Amaral, 1992)". Also, Information
Packet, section 8;,.Hrstparagraph,
Public/private partnerships: IMI totally
agrees with the importance of private
involvement, and requests that the
record showthat the 80% is based on
the 1986-87 National Boating Facilities
Survey IMI/URI conducted forNMMA.
Response: Credits have been added
for each of the sources.
Issue 29. International-Marina
Institute (IMI): Information-Packet,
section 3-., fourth paragraph, next to last
sentence: The IMI requests deleting-the-
sentence "Soma States require
installation of pumpouts for all'new
marinas.'*,.because it may encourage
regulators to mandate pumpouts.
everywhere without consideration of
other factors, or add"* * •regardless
of any measured'needicr lack of
potential use." at the end:of that
sentence.
Response: The- Sendee agrees, and has-
deleted the sentence.
Issue 301 International"Marina
Institute (JM): Information* Packet;
section 3. (2): The JMTrequests changing.
th.8-**45%"'peak occupancy rate-to
"40%"'in'the-sentence "It fs assumed'
every boat which is occupied * * *tiie-
occupancy-rate during-peak periods is/-
45%." AfeOi Information-Packet, section;
3. OJ'CalcuIatjfon for Estimating Need!
for Dump Stations, and', Calculation for
Estimating Need: for Pumpout Stations:
The IMI recommends-changing the-peak
occupancy-rate from "45% "to "40%";
to match the sentence above in section
3. (2)1 According to the IMI;. the 45%
comes fronrffie-1989'IMI national-auto .
parkmg;and;bi)atusestudy/of 142
public and private marinas, in- 24- States.
The highest use day (July 4th weekend)1
was 46% of alFboats-uYuse, but quickly
dropped tok33% on nonrholiday
weekends. (Reference: Ross, Nl Auto-
Parking in-Marinas-. International1
Marina Institute, Wickford, RI. I989i 13;
pp. According to the IMI; holding tanks-
are often pumped: during-the week..
National engineering standard* for
parki'ng.lot sisie for tneaters, restaurants,
and" shoppingjmalls cair for using the-
5th. highest usje day: The IMI states that
it would be-more-reasonable to use the
33% to be high.weekend use-rare. The-
IMF suggests Using the difference--
between the-48% and 33% or40%,
which is the most reasonable national
number in the formula calculations.
Response: "the- Service- agrees and' has
made-the changes in the-sentence and'
in both calculation formulas, giving
credit to the-sburce. .
Issue-3&. Iniemational'Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
section 3. (3):'Hours-of operation: The
IMI requests- a|dding-"peak boating
season" to *"*'j *' * assumes facilities
will be in opejration-for twelve hours per
day during 'peak-boatrag season''
weekends and * * * '*.
Besponse: The statement has been
added to the sentence.
Issue 32. Massachusetts-Department
of Fish, Wildlife and:Environmer.tal-
Law Enforcerient(DEWELE):
Information P|acket, section 3-.,
Calculation, for Estimating Need: for
Fumpouf Stations: The DFWELE
suggests adding open'brackets and'open
parentheses before "No. of Boats 26'
40'"; close pakntheses after "No* With
Holding Tank's (50%)", and'closa^
brackets after;"Nb. of Boats 40'*", to
clarify the calculation.
flesponse:The Service agrees and has
added the brackets and parentheses.
Issue-33; North- Carolina Department
of Environment, Health & Natural'
Resources: Information Packet, section
6.: The DEHNR is concerned with-the-
discussion ofwastB treatment
alternatives-. According to:the DEHNR,.
relatively few! marinas are in a-stage of
construction' where-major waste
treatment system modifications are-'
readily feasible: It is likely, according-to
the DEHNR, that a-marina-waste
disposal system ils already, in place. The
best use of tfae-grants; according-to the
DEHNR, \vill WtaiBStairas many
dqckside pumpout'units" as possible.
The DEHNR states that, under certain
circumstances,, funding new; or
replacement, waste treatment systems
may be appropriate. But .inmost cases,...
research.indicates that existing.systems
should be able to handle anticipated'
loads.
Response: The Service.-agrees with.
this assessment,.and'encourages States.
to install as many pumpout stations, and
dump stations.as are needed' as the
highest priority. The discussion of. waste
treatment alternatives is informational^
and not meant to-imply.a .priority for
new or upgraded, waste, treatment
systems*
Issue 34. International Marina.
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,.
section 6. ..Vessel. Sewage
Characterization,, second paragraph, first
sentence, Effects of holdings tank
additives: The IMI. asks the following:
What are the harmful additives? What
chemicals should-be regulated? Where
is the list of products which can be
used? Is there a government sanctioned
list? Who is doing testing, on, products
for holding tanks? If no government list
exists, can-the. Service encourage-the-
States to regulate them? If. the list exists,
publish; it
Besponse: This paragraph-is an.
information paragraph, which
characterizes chemical holding tank
additives. No. statement is made that
they are harmful, or that' they should be
regulated. The-Service has no list oi
products which-can be used, and there
is no government sanctioned'list.
Issue 35. North-Carolina Department
of Environment, Health & Natural
Resources {DEHNR): Information Packet,
section 6'. On-Site Treatment: According
to the DEHNR, North Carolina law does
not allow holding tanks as an acceptable
sewage treatment and disposal: system.
Response-: A 'statement has been
added to this section cautioning that
marinas should consult State law before
installing-any of these measures.
Issue 36. Center for Marine
Conservation (Center): Information
Packet; section 7., first paragraph, sixth
sentence: "Stationary orportable
dockside pumps cost in the range of
$2,000 to $10,000; and1 typical-complete
installations may be as high as
$20,000;"'The Center believes these
numbers sound'high, and'requests that
the Service clarify what is covered here,
and1 separate out costs for live aboard'.
permanent installations.
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11296 Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. .47 /Thursday. March 10;. 1994 / Notices
Response: This information was
obtained from the marine industry.
Average costs, including sewage
connection and other accessories, for
the first application period, were close
to $20,000 per unit. Some costs were in
the range of $60,000. ••'.'.'
Issue 37. International Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
section 7. (1) The IMI .states that
stationary units can also be discharged
into septic systems if the State allows.
According to the IMI,. their advantages
also include "speed of use". . •••'
Response: Although it may be true
that the unit contents may be discharged
into septic systems, this type of
connection is not encouraged. Speed of
use has been added as an advantage.
Issue 38: International Marina
Institute (EMI): Information Packet,
section 7. (2) Portable units on wheels,
fourth sentence: While moving about
the marina requires more tune, the IMI
believes that also is an advantage for
pumping out boats during slow
weekdays, especially after a busy
weekend. •
Response: This advantage-has been
added. •
Issue 39: International Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
section 7. (3) Portable units on a vessel,
last sentence. Range of operation is not
a problem, according to the IMI, since
one vessel can service an entire harbor
of several marinas, etc.
. Response: The Service agrees. This
statement has been deleted.
Iss-ue 40: International Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
section 7. (4) Remote operated multi-
station systems, last sentence:
According to the EMI, the last sentence
talks about he problems of winter
freezing. Freezing affects every pumpout
in northern climates, but is less of a
problem for multi-station systems
because they generally depend on a
vacuum tank system which keeps the
lines free of all standing water. The IMI
recommends dropping the issue, or
making a general statement such as:
"All pumpout systems in northern
States subject to freezing may need
winterization.".
Response: The Service agrees. The
statement has been deleted.
Issue 41: International Marina ••
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
section 7., next to last.paragraph, fourth
sentence, under Other Factors to
Consider for Pumpout Stations, "* • * *
and disinfect suction connection.": The
IMI states that this sounds like a good
idea, but how do you do it? Would not
the disinfectant used, e.g., chlorine,
pose a more significant threat to aquatic
life than sewage bacteria inside the hose
connector? Recommend dropping the
words. : ,. . • .:
Response: The Service agrees. The
statement has been deleted, and a
suggestion added to use a dedicated
system for flushing and-rinsing hoses.
Issue 42: International Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet, .
section 7., last paragraph, third sentence
under Other Factors to Consider for
Pumpout Stations: The IMI states that
the statements f'EPA has found * *. *?•'
the need for "maintenancei contracts
* * *" and "dedicated funds * * *",
are misquoted from the final Norapoint
Pollution Marinas Chapter 5, boat
sewage section pp 5-42 to 5-46. The
IMI states that the statements are based
on a preliminary practices draft which
was discarded in the final text. If
maintenance contracts were necessary
anywhere, according to the IMI, they
would be needed at the public marinas
do not need such government required
contracts or dedicated funds since they
will fix the problem themselves or hire
someone. The IMI recommends deleting
the entire last sentence beginning "EPA
has found * * *.",' or specify that this
"only applies to public marinas which
are unable to do their own
maintenance.". •
Response: The reference to EPA has
been dropped. The paragraph has been
kept as a suggestion.
Issue 43: International Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
section 8., fifth paragraph, Rental
Contracts: The IMI recommends adding
"waters" to the text of "(1) prohibit boat
sewage discharge into the marina
'waters' to keep the water clean." to
otherwise allow discharge into a
pumpout or sanitary waste system.
Response: The word has been added.
Issue 44: International Marina
Institute (IMI): Information Packet,
. section 8., fifth paragraph. Rental
Contracts: The EMI is not sure marinas
can legally force boat owners to covert
to holding tanks (2) without new
legislation since Federal law allows use
of all three types of MSDs. The EMI does
not feel the Service can issue (2) in the
Guideline at this time without a change
in Federal law.
Response: The Service agrees. The
statement has been deleted.
Technical Guidelines
The Fish and Wildlife Service will
administer the Clean Vessel Act grant
program through State agencies only.
Both public and private marinas are
eligible to participate in this program
and should conform to these technical
guidelines if they do participate.
Marinas that do not participate in this
program would not have to conform to
these guidelines. The Service believes
that public/private partnerships are a
very important part of the success of
this program, and will give higher
priority to those projects that provide
such partnership. Inability of a State to
give grants to private marinas will result
in a lowering of that State's priority for
funds. Those States that have legal/
administrative roadblocks are strongly
encouraged to overcome them through.
changes in their law or procedures:
These technical guidelines should be
followed when doing surveys,
developing a plan and education
program, and constructing pumpout
stations and dump stations. Technical
guidelines are presented here by
section. At the end of these guidelines,
an information packet is presented,
which contains a general discussion of.
each section and provides greater detail.
Definitions
. For the purposes of these technical
guidelines the term: (1) Type III marine
sanitation device (holding tank) means
any equipment for installation on board
a vessel which is specifically designed
to receive, retain, and. discharge human
body wastes; (2) pumpout station means
a facility that pumps or receives human
body wastes out of Type in marine
sanitation devices installed on board
vessels; (3) recreational vessel means a
vessel (a) manufactured for operation, or
operated, primarily for pleasure; or (b)
leased, rented, or chartered to another '
for the latter's pleasure; (4) dump
station means an upland or floating
waste reception facility specifically
designed to receive wastes from portable
toilets carried oh vessels, or floating
restrooms in the water, not connected to
land or structures connected to the land,
used solely by boaters, and does not
include upland restroom facilities; (5)
marina means a facility with ten or
more wet slips and/or dry land storage;
(6) Parking lot harbor means a harbor
which is home port to many boats kept
on swing moorings or in marina docks.
Most of the time, most of the boats are
unoccupied and unused; (7) Transient
harbor means "destination" harbor
where boaters go during day trips or
berth overnight; (8) Portable toilet
means toilets that are not.installed
toilets. They are designed to be removed
from a vessel and their contents emptied
into shoreside receptacles; (9) Coastal
zone has the same meaning that term
has in section 304(1) of the Coastal Zone
Management Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C.
1453 (1). Section 1453 defines "coastal
zone" as follows: "The term 'coastal
zone' means the coastal waters
(including the lands therein and
thereunder) and the adjacent shorelands
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Federal .Register •:/ Vol. 59, No.: 47 / Thursday, March 10, 1994 /Notices
11297
(including the waters therein and
thereunder), strongly influenced by each
other and in proximity to t£e shorelines
of the several coastal states, and.
includes islands, transitional and
intertidal areas, salt marshes, wetlands,
and beaches. The zone extends, in Great
Lakes waters, to the international
boundary between the United States and
Canada and, in other areas, seaward to
the outer limit of the United States
territorial sea. The zone extends inland
from the shorelines only to the extend
necessary to control shorelands, the
uses of which have a direct .and
significant impact on the coastal waters.
Excluded from the coastal zone are
lands the use of which is by law subject
solely to the discretion of or which is
held in trust by the Federal
Government, its officers or agents."
Section 1. Waters Most Likely To Be
Affected by the Discharge of Sewage
From Vessels
Guidelines for States to use in
identifying waters most likely to be
affected by the discharge of sewage from
vessels are those waters frequented by
large numbers of boaters and include:
(1) Sheltered waters that are generally
poorly flushed systems; (2) Waters
identified to be of National Significance;
(3) Waters of significant recreational
value; (4) Waters supporting designated
shellfish harvest areas; (5) State and
federally designated Nursery areas of
indigenous aquatic life; (6) Waters
designated by the EPA as "No Discharge
Areas" under section 312(f)(3) and (4)
(A) & (B) of the Clean water Act, and (7)
Waters that do not meet State
designated usage.
Section 2. Surveys of Pumpout Stations
and Dump Stations
Only'coastal States are required to do
a survey. Coastal States should submit
surveys to the Federal Air official at the
appropriate Fish and Wildlife Service
.Regional Office, as follows:
(1) Region 1 coastal States include
California, Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands, Guam,
Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington:
Deputy Assistant Regional Director,
Division of Federal Aid, U.Si Fish and
Wildlife Service, Eastside Federal •
Complex, 911NE llth Avenue,
Portland, Oregon 97232-4181, (503)
231-6128. ,
(2) Region 2 coastal State includes
Texas: Deputy Assistant Regional
Director, Division of Federal Aid, U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O: Box
1306,500 Gold Avenue, SW,,
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87103, (505)
766-2095.
(3) Region 3 coastal States include
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota,
Ohio, and Wisconsin: Deputy Assistant
Regional Director, Division of Federal
Aid, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Bishop Henry Whipple Federal
Building, 1 Federal Drive, Fort Snelling,
Minnesota 55111-4056, (612) 725-3596.
(4) Region 4 coastal States' include
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana,
•Mississippi, North Carolina, Puerto
Rico, South| Carolina, and the Virgin
Islands: Deputy Assistant Regional'
Director, Division of Federal Aid, U.S.
Fish and wildlife Service, 1875 Century
Boulevard, suite 324, Atlanta, Georgia
30345, 404/679-4159. .
(5) Region 5 coastal States include
Connecticut, Delaware, District of .
Columbia, Maine, Maryland,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode
Island, and Virginia: Deputy Assistant
Regional Director, Division of Federal
Aid, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 300
Westgate Center Drive, Hadley,
Massachusetts 01035-9589, (413) 253-
8501.. : .
Pumpout station/dump station
survey: Alljmarinas, moorages, docks,
etc., should be surveyed. The survey
should include whether the marina has
pumpout stations, dump stations, or
both; how many pumpout and dump
.stations; which ones are operational;
and, the specific coordinates of each
operational pumpout and dump station.
For pumpout and dump stations riot
located in the above marinas, moorages,
etc., such as at ramps, the specific
coordinates should be obtained for these
facilities also. Specific coordinates, i.e.,
latitude and longitude, should be
reported in'North American Datum 1983
(NAD 83) standard. Other alternatives
include (a) State Plane Coordinate
Values, and (b) A portion of a NOAA
nautical chart identified by chart
number, edition, and edition date that
marks clearly the pumpout station/
dump station. Specific coordinates'for
all pumpout and dump stations should
be submitted to the appropriate
Regional Ojffice of the Fish and Wildlife
Service for inclusion on NOAA charts.
Suggested survey questions include the
following for each facility: (1) Name and
address of marina, moorage, dock, etc.;
(2) whether the marina is public or
private; (3) telephone number, (4)
location of marina, etc., by county,
water body; and specific coordinates; (5) •
whether the marina has pumpout
stations, dump stations, or both; (6) how
many pumpout and dump stations; and,
(7) whether; the pumpout and dump
stations are operational.'
Boat survey: The survey should
include the following: (1) Total number
of boats by water body and county; (2)
How many boats have Type III MSD
holding tanks; (3) How many boats have
portable toilets.
' A complete survey of all boaters is not
necessary. States should obtain only as
much information as is necessary to
determine, within reasonable.
confidence limits, numbers of boats,
how many boats have Type III MSD
holding tanks or portable toilets, and
where boaters are most likely to
congregate by water body and county.
Sample surveys are acceptable. Recent
surveys are acceptable if they answer all'
the questions needed.
Section 3. What Constitutes Adequate
and Reasonably Available Pumpout
Stations and Dump Stations in Boating
Areas
As a general guide,, at least one "
pumpout station and dump .station
should be provided for every .300 to 600
boats over 16 feet length overall. This is
not a requirement, but guidance only,
and should be modified depending on
the situation. For instance, if most boats
in an area are under 26 feet, many more
dump stations would be required than
pumpout stations. Another question is
the minimum number of boats that
should have pumpout stations and
dump stations. Again, there is no one
answer, it is suggested that marinas with
50 slips or more that are capable of
mooring 26 feet + boats have access to
at least one pumpout: station, and
marinas with 50 slips or more that are
capable of mooring 16-26 feet boats .
have access to at least one dump station.
This does not mean that every marina
with 50 + slips should have a pumpout
station or dump station. Where marinas
are adjacent (within two miles of each
other), pumpout stations can be shared.
Other factors should be considered,
such as whether the marina is a parking
lot or transient harbor, or the amount of
fuel dock use. In determining the
installation of^any pumpout station or
dump station, such factors as boat size,
boating use patterns, coastal water
characteristics, sensitive areas, flushing
capacity, etc., should play a large role in
establishing needs for facilities. Due to
the variability in each State, States must
have the flexibility to provide criteria
that addresses their specific heeds. See
the discussion in the Information
Packet, section 3, for alternative
approaches to determining need.
Dump stations should be sited in
conjunction with pumpout stations, but
should also be located where there are
no pumpout stations but where boats
with portable toilets congregate or are
used, such as launching ramps;.
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11238 Federal Register / Vol. 59. No. 47 7 jgirsday, March ID. 1994 / Notices
Program evaluation should be given
great emphasis to assure quality
products. States should evaluate and
monitor the program effectiveness to
determine that facilities are operated
and maintained, and used for their
intended purpose. Changes to
approaches should be made as
weaknesses and/or opportunities
become apparent
Section 4. Elans for Construction
Pumpout Stations and Dump Stations
Only coastal States are required to
develop a plan. Coastal States'should
work with the recreational marina
industry and others in developing the
plan. Coastal States should submit the
plan to the appropriate Fish and
Wildlife Service Regional Office, same
address as in section 2 above. Following
is an outline which should be used by
States when developing the plan:
(1} Need. This section should
establish the justification for the
proposed work based on (a) the results
of the surveys of existing pumpout
stations and dump stations and the
number of recreational vessels; (b) that
part of the guidance relating to
determining the adequacy and
reasonable availability of pumpout'
stations and dump stations and, (c) that
part of the guidance describing the
waters most likely to be affected by the
discharge of sewage from vessels..
(2) Coals and objectives. The purpose
of the plan should be to ensure the
availability of adequate and reasonably
available pumpout stations and dump
stations to the .boating public
throughout the coastal zone of a State.
(3) Expected results or benefits. This
section should describe in general how
water will be improved by making
pumpout and dump stations available/
(4) Approach, in this section, describe
the following: (a) How the plan
addresses all coastal zone waters of the
State, and gives priority to waters most
likely affected; (b) How the plan
complements plans of adjacent States
for shared waters; (c) The strategy for
locating and constructing, renovating
and maintaining pumpout and dump
-stations. Address the question of'
whether or not'an existing pumpout or
dump station is worth upgrading, and
how demonstrated problem facilities
will be upgraded or eliminated. Include
the general location and priority of
projects; (d) How States \vill ensure that
(i) waste will be disposed of properly,
and (ii) that municipal waste treatment
plants will accept waste; (e) What
proportion of the slip/mooring capacity
is in public vs. private marinas,.how
States will seek public/private
partnerships for siting, constructing and
operating pumpout stations and dump
stations, any issues/problems, such as
legislative/regulatory barriers, and what
will be done to. overcome these barriers;
(f) Innovative techniques to increase the
availability and use of pumpout
stations/dump stations; (g) Approaches
to educate and inform the public and
the boating industry on the sue of, and
need for, disposal of vessel waste; and,
(h) Total estimated cost of the Statewide
. plan..
Section 5. Education/Information
Guidelines for States to consider
when developing an education/
information plan include:
(I) Audience: Consider six audiences
when developing your education/
information program regarding vessel
sewage disposal, handling, and
treatment, as follows: (a) Boat owners.
and operators; (b) Marina owners and
operators; (c) Sewage treatment plan
owners and operators: (d) Federal
(where applicable). State and.local
governmental authorities and
organizations; (e) Boating supply and
retailers; (f) The general public.
(2) Communication media: There are
a variety of media that States may use
for disseminating this information.
Common methods to consider are: •
brochures, workshops/symposiums,
educational videos, TV/radio, signs,
boat shows, etc. Innovative methods are
encouraged.
(3) Distribution: States have options
for distribution of educational
information related to boating and
pumpout issues. Options include
magazines, radio public interest spots,
environmental groups, association and
federation newsletters. National Estuary
Program forums. State and local .
education programs,'local citiisens
groups, and student groups. New and
innovative ways of educating the
boating community and the general
public are encouraged.
Section 6. Appropriate'Methods for
Disposal of Vessel Sewage From
Pumpout Stations and Dump Stations
Disposal methods will vary among
States depending on a number of
factors, including: State and local
sanitation codes; the number of
recreational vessels and where the
vessels are concentrated; the availability
"*•***•"****•••***• i«*-*iiuicd iw inJaiiJlH tcIiicJ
and hydrogeologic characteristics,
including soil types and groundwater
flows towards drinking water sources
and these coastal waters. Depending on
these factors. States may consider the
following methods; (Ij Off-site •
treatment: fa) Discharge to a public
wastewater collection system and
treatment facility; (b) discharge to a.
holding tank with removal and transport
by a person licensed to haul septage
waste to a municipal septage receiving/
treatment facility; (2) On-site treatment
at marinas: (a) Discharge to a package
treatment plant; (b) discharge'to a septic
system.
. Section 7. Types of Marine Boat Sewage
Pumpout Stations and Dump Stations0
That May Be Appropriate'for
Construction. Renovation, Operation, or
Maintenance, and Appropriate Location
of the Stations and Facilities Within a
Marina or Boatyard
Pumpout stations and dump stations
should provide an efficient means of
removing sewage from boats and a
means of disposing of that sewage in a
safe and sanitary manner. These-
facilities should include all the
equipment, structures, and disposal
facilities necessary to ultimately
discharge or dispose of boat sewage in
an efficient, safe and sanitary manner
without causing an actual or potential
public health hazard. Pumpout stations
should include equipment for rinsing
boat holding tanks. Pumpout stations
and dump stations should be adequate
to meet the peak use demand for such ,
services. Facilities should be operated
and maintained to provide adequate
service, and to be maintained to
function as intended.
Pumpout stations and dump stations
should be reliable, corrosion resistant,
easy to use. neat and tidy to dean and
use, conveniently located, with low
maintenance. Pumps should be
specifically designed for handling
sewage: Land-based restroomS are not
an acceptable option for emptying
portable toilets.
All pumps should be safe, functional
and efficient. Motors and switches
should be ignition protected. Pumps
should be able to pump against the
maximum head developed by elevation
change and line losses. In addition, the
suction connection to the boat should be
a tight fit and adjustable by adapters to
service boat discharge connections.
Pumps should be able to transport flows
out of the holding tank. Pumps
exceeding 45 gallons per minute may
cause tanks to collapse.
Factors in determining pumpout
station holding tank capacity include
boat size and use patterns. Sizing
should be done on a case-by-case basis
using documented demand, if possible.
Holding tanks should be designed and
installed to meet local regulations.
For all vessels manufactured after
December 31,1994, a standard deck •
fitting for removal of sewage should be
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Federal Register / Voli 59, No.
47 ./ Thursday, March 10, 1994 / Notices
11299
constructed to the "International •
standard ISO 4567 Shipbuilding—
Yachets—Waste water fittings" for
holding tanks, which is a female 38.1
mm (1W) pipe size with 11 threads per
25.4 rnm (inch). These threads could
utilize a quick-disconnect or cam lock
fitting. For existing vessels, an adapter,
such as a tapered cone, should be used
for non-standard deck fittings. All
pumpout connectors should fit the
standard deck fitting. .
For all vessels manufactured after
December 31.1994, because of possible
confusion between waste, fuel and
water deck fittings, the deck fittings
should be identified with the words
"WASTE", "GAS", "DIESEL", and
"WATER", and color code the fittings
with black caps for waste, red caps for
gas and diesel, and blue caps for water.
The ultimate location for the station
should be based on the unique
conditions of the marina, boatyard,
mooring field or other anchorage.
Stationary pumpout stations should be
located for the convenience of, and to
encourage boaters to use the facility.
Mobile pumpout stations should have
reasonable access to boaters.
Section 8. Other Information (No
Technical Guidelines)
Information Packet
This information packet is not
technical guidelines. It has been
recommended to provide additional
information to States, and to marinas
and others who participate in this
program. The information packet
presents general information on surveys,
plans, education/information, pumpout
facilities and other information helpful
in promoting establishment of facilities.
It provides a more detailed discussion of
the technical guidelines, with examples
and explanations. This information
packet is also by Section, which
corresponds to the sections in the
technical guidelines.
Section 1. Waters Most Likely To Be
Affected by the Discharge of Sewage
From Vessels
The following coastal waters,
including the Territorial Seas, estuaries,
bays, and sounds, and then U.S. lakes
and rivers as defined below, are
considered waters most likely to be
affected by the discharge of sewage from
vessels. These definitions are not ranked
in priority order.
(1) Sheltered waters that are generally
poorly flushed systems.
(2) Wafers of National significance:
Waters identified by the Environmental
Protection Agency under the National
Estuary Program, waters identified by
the NOAA under die Estuarine Reserve
program, and Marine Sanctuaries
program where appropriate.
(3) Waters of significant recreational
value: A water body with unusual value
as a resource for outdoor recreation
activities, e.g., fishing, boating,
canoeing, water skiing, swimming, •
scuba diving,!or nature observation. The
significance may be in the intensity of
present usage, in an unusual quality of
recreational experience, or in the
potential for unusual future recreational
use or experience.
(4) Shellfish harvest waters: Waters
• designated as shellfish producing and
harvesting areas.
(5) Nursery areas of indigenous
aquatic life: State and federally
designated significant habitats such as
are designated in Coastal Zone
programs. . , „,
(6) Waters designated by the EPA as
"No Discharge Areas" under Section
312(f)(3) and;(4)(A) & (B) of the Clean
Water Act.
(7) Waters that do not meet State
designated usage.
Discussion of the Effects of Vessel
Sewage on These Waters
Waters previously designated by the
EPA under t|ie Clean Water Act as "No
Discharge Ar,eas" are eligible for
renovation, maintenance and further
construction' funds under this program.
The discharge of sewage from boats may
degrade water quality by (1) introducing
microbial pathogens into the
environmeni and (2) locally increasing
biological oxygen demand (U.S. EPA,
1985). Whil6 vessel'sewage discharges
represent orily one of many sources of
point and non-point pollution, the
number of boats using coastal waters
has increased substantially during the
past decade The contribution of boat
sewage to tctal pathogen loadings and
local BOD has grown proportionately.
A potentially serious, problem
resulting from vessel sewage discharges-
is the introduction of disease-carrying
microorgan: sms from fecal matter into
the coastal aquatic environment.
Humans are put at risk by eating
contaminated shellfish and by
swimnjing in contaminated waters. The
major disease-carrying agents are
' bacteria and viruses, and the most
common sejrious ailment is acute
gastroenteritis. Other waterborne
diseases include hepatitis, typhoid, and
cholera (Milliken and Lee. 1990). The
indicators used to detect sewage
pollution ate not the pathogens
themselves^ but, rather, coliform
bacteria. Th^ese bacteria are always
' present in the human -intestinal tract
and are thus considered reliable
indicators of the presence of human
waste (U.S. EPA, 1985). Studies
conducted in Puget Sound, Long Island
Sound, Narragansett Bay, and
Chesapeake Bay have demonstrated that
boats can be a significant source of fecal
coliform bacteria in coastal waters,
particularly in areas with high boat
densities and low hydrologic flushing
(Milliken and Lee, 1990; JRB Associates,
1980). If coliform levels exceed
allowable thresholds, shellfish beds and
swimming beaches may be closed to
minimize the threat of public health
problems. In addition, shellfish beds
and some swimming beaches in the
immediate vicinity of marinas are often
closed because of the potential of"
contamination from vessel sewage
discharges.
These organic-rich wastes also have
the potential to depress oxygen levels as
they decay in the marine environment.
Biological oxygen demand is a measure
of the dissolved oxygen required to
decompose the organic matter in the
water by aerobic processes. When the
loading of organic matter increases, .the
BOD increases, and there is a
consequent reduction in the dissolved
oxygen available for respiration by
. aquatic organisms (U.S. EPA. 1985).
Although the volume of waste water.
discharged from boats is relatively
small, the organics in the wastewater are
concentrated, and therefore the BOD
(1700-3500 mg/1) is much higher than
that of raw municipal sewage (110-400
mg/1) or treated municipal sewage (5-
100 mg/1) (JRB Associates, 1981).
Sewage discharged from holding tanks
will thus increase the BOD in the
vicinity of boats. When this occurs in
poorly flushed waterbodies, the
aissolved oxygen concentrations of the
water may decrease (Milliken and Lee,
1990). The amount of the decrease in
dissolved oxygen concentrations, and
therefore the significance to the water,
depends on the amount of sewage
discharged into the system.
Chemical additives such as chlorine
and formaldehyde are used to disinfect
or control odors of oh-board sewage.
There is little indication that these
chemicals have any harmful effects on
• the environment. The holding tank
chemicals in use today are generally
biodegradable and. if even marginally
diluted, have little effect on treatment
systems. No heavy metals or other.
severe, lingering toxics can be expected.
- However, some discussion of possible
problems should be mentioned here.'Of
the two major disinfectant chemicals
used—chlorine and formaldehyde—
only chlorine" has been shown to be
toxic in the aquatic environment. While
formaldehyde is considered a toxic
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11300
Federal Register / Vol."59, Nd.:47 1 Thursday, 'March" 10, 1994 / Notices
substance, it is completely miscible in
water and is readily degradable. While
a direct link between MSD holding tank
disinfectants and effects on the
environment has not been documented,
the presence of these chemicals in
sufficient concentrations may be of
concern (JRB Associates, 1981). Use of
these chemicals'as directed by the
manufacturer should not result in
problems. However, since the amounts
of chemicals added are controlled by the
boat owner or operator, excess use may
occur.
Section 2. Surveys of Pumpout Stations
and Dump Stations
The Clean Vessel Act of 1992 calls for
surveys by coastal States within three
months of notification to the States of
the final technical guidelines to
determine: (1) The number and location
of all operational pumpout stations and
dump stations at public and private
marinas, mooring areas, docks, and
other boating facilities within the
coastal zone of a State; and (2) the
number of recreational vessels in the
coastal waters of the State with Type III
marine sanitation devices [holding
tanks) or portable toilets and the areas
where those vessels congregate.
Survey information may be obtainable
from the boat registration process or
files; contacts with trade associations or •
coating organizations; from national
surveys if available; or from mail or
telephone surveys of boaters or marina/
mooring field facility operators. Some
States have surveyed boaters at marinas
on high concentration days. The U.S.
Coast Guard, telephone 202/267-1497,
can provide the following information
regarding Documented Vessels (5 net
tons and larger): The vessel's port of
documentation, vessel length, beam, net
tonnage, and whether or not the vessel
is equipped with mechanical
propulsionl
Section 3. What Constitutes Adequate
and Reasonably Available Pumpout
Stations and Dump Stations in Boating
Areas
Factors affecting pumpout use:
Potential demand for pumpouts and/or
dump stations is a function of several
variables. First is the number of boats of
a size that use sewage holding tanks or
portable toilets and where they are
stored. Second, accessibility of
pumpouts and dump stations affects
their use. Distance from routes of travel
or from the home port as well as the
likely waiting time once at the facility
can affect the willingness of boaters to
use pumpouts and dump stations. A
third factor to consider is boat use. High
use at moorages is related to transient
versus "parking lot" customers, year-
round versus seasonal users, and the
frequency of overnight use of boats.
High boat use is seasonal, correlated
with good weather, weekends and
holidays. Fourth is the fee charged, with
higher use related to lower fees (Ross &
Amaral, 1992).
High use of pumpouts and dump
stations has also been related to
aggressive management practice, active
enforcement of "No Discharge Areas",
perception of need by the public
(related to the environmental sensitivity
of the area and educational efforts), and
good maintenance (Ross & Amaral,
.1992).
Determining adequate and reasonably
available station/facility needs: Boat
numbers, boat size, boating .use patterns,
numbers and distribution of existing
facilities, and where boats are kept
during boating season (Le., in a marina,
yacht club, private dock, mooring, home
on-a trailer, etc.), determine the need for
pumpout stations and dump stations.
Moorages that receive high transient
use, have mooring fields for large boats,
are visited by large numbers of boats, for
refueling, and/or have a large number of
people sleeping overnight or living on
their boats should have high priority.
Yacht clubs, boatyards and large •
capacity private docks should also be
considered for priority installation of
pumpouts and dump stations. Other
situations that might be considered for
the installation of facilities include
marinas that provide ftiel or service
vessels equipped with MSD holding •
tanks. In additiori to distributing
stations/facilities in the above types of
boating moorages, additional stations/
facilities may be warranted where boat '•
use impacts poorly flushed bays;, coves,
or sloughs and environmentally
sensitive sites. After new facilities have
been installed, subsequent patterns of
use will indicate where and if '
additional pumpouts are needed.
Periodic surveys should be conducted to
ensure adequate numbers of pumpout
stations and dump stations exist for
boaters in the .future. .
Requirements for pumpout and dump
stations'vary by State and harbor. Some
examples are as follows: Delaware
requires a pumpout for marinas
harboring 100 or more boats with
marinas of 25-100 sharing a purnpout
and those with less than 25 not required
to install facilities. For New England,
EPA Region I guidelines suggest a
pumpout for 300-600 boats with toilets.
A minimum t>f one pumpout per 300
boats with toilets is recommended in
transient harbors with a high percentage.
of large vessels, while one pumpout per
600 boats with toilets should be
provided in "parking lot" harbors where
most boats are less than 25 feet long. In
California's Richardson Bay, the »
pumpout guidelines is one station for
every 300 boats. Launching ramps, "
marinas, etc., that cater to small craft
(under 26 feet) or are too shallow for
larger vessels may not need pumpouts,.
but may still require dump stations to
receive portable toilet waste.
EPA's assessment (EPA, 1981) '
estimated that 20% of the boats between
16 and 26 feet, 50% of the boats
between 26 and 40 feet, and all of the
vessels over 40 feet had installed toilets
with some type of MSD. So, if exact data
are not available, an estimate could be
calculated. The following is a method
for estimating Statewide need for
pumpout stations and dump stations
(McKiernan, pers. comm.). It is not
•intended as a guide for determining
requirements for a specific marina or
harbor. The following assumptions
underlie this method and can be
adjusted where statistically valid
information is available relating to a
State's unique boating population
characteristics.
(1) Given the availability of boat'
length information gathered during boat
registration, assumptions can be made
regarding the type of on-board
sanitation equipment.
Boat
length
16'-26
26'-40
40'+
Number
with tot- .
lets (per-
cent)
20
50
100
Type of system
Portable toilets.
•Holding tanks.
Holding tanks.
(2) It is assumed every boat which is
occupied will require service once a
weekend and that the occupancy rate
during peak periods is 40% (Ross, N.
Auto Parking in Marinas, IMI. Wickford.
RI, 1989).
(3) This method also assumes,
facilities will be in operation for twelve
hours per day during peak boating
season weekends and that the average'
time to service a boat^s system will be
15 minutes for holding tanks and S
minutes for portable toilets. Therefore:
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Federal Register / Vol. 59, f)o. 47 /"Thursday, March 10. 1994 / Notices
11301
Calculation for Estimating Need for Dump Stations
No. of No. With Peak BOATS
Boats x Portable .x Occupancy * REQUIRING
16'-26' Toilets Rate DUMP
(*>*> Jt%> n ";£"<*£ = Dump Stations Require*
Boats Served No. -of HoUrs BOATS SERVED v ^
Per Hour x OfOperati^o - PER FACILITY
Per Weekehd
(12) (24) , (288)
Calculation for Estimating Need for Puntpottt Stations
No. of
((Boats
26'- 40
No. Wirti
x Holding) +
Tanks
(50%)
Boats Served Nt
D» UM.» v rw
No. of
.Boats] X
40'*
fflbcr of Hours
("bw»rotin>% Par
Peak
Occupany -
RaK
(40*)
Boats
Requiring
Pumpoul
Facilities
Boats Served
w ' nfr Ptim
rwtf
Pumpoul
-= Stations
Required
Weekend
(4) (24} (96)
Section 4. Plans for Constructing
Pumpout Stations and Dump Stations
The dean Vessel Act calls for coastal
States, within six months after
notification of the final technical
guidelines, to develop a plan for any
construction or renovation of pumpout
stations and dump stations. For .
efficiency of review and approval by the
Fish and Wildlife Service, coastal States
should complete the plan in the
standardized format identified in the
technical guidelines.
Section 5. Education/Information
A clearly defined education/
information program that will support
the timely implementation of a State
plan should be presented by the State as
a part of that plan. This guidance
provides States with some ideas and
information useful in developing an
education/information program effective
at informing the public, the boating
community, the boating industry, local
government officials, public interest
groups, and other audiences the State
identifies. Ultimately, the State
education/information program should,
provide information and understanding
that will encourage the use of and
installation of pumpout and dump
stations.
Education oi the boating, marina
owner, and vessel sewage handling and
treatment communities is important to
the potential success of this program.
An effective education/information
program will help to realize both short
term and long term goals of the-Act. The
goals of education are as broad as the
audiences {they should be targeted to
reach, yet.ithese goals can be achieved
with increased dialogue between and
information to these groups.
. Six audiences should be considered
when developing an education/
informatio)i program regarding vessel
sewage disposal, handling, ana
treatment, as follows: (1) Boat owners
and operators; (2) Marina owners and
operators; (3) Sewage treatment plant
owners and operators; (4) Federal
(where applicable). State and local
governmental authorities and
organizations; (5) Boating supply and
retailers; (6) The general public.
There are a variety of media tha.t
States may have available for
disseminating this information.
Common methods to consider are;
brochures! workshops/symposiums,
educational videos, TV/radio, signs,
boat shows, etc. Innovative methods are
encouraged.
Issues to consider when developing
education/information material targeted
to a specific audience:
Issues oh which education/
information programs for boat owners
and operators, as well as, boating supply
and retailers, might focus would
include: (1) Environmental impacts of
boater sewage and the benefits of
pumping out at a pumpout station and
using a dump station; (2) How a
pumpout station operates; (3) Pumpout
hose connections/adapters; (4) Pumpout
locations and fees; (5) "Green" boat
toilet chemicals, i.e., short term
biodegradable or less environmentally-
damaging treatment chemicals.
Encourage manufacturers through
demand to market only environmentally
responsible products; (6) Proper
operation and maintenance of boat
toilets; (7) The value of responding to
boater surveys and requests for
information.
Marina owners and operators are
important participants in the
implementation of this program. This
group is making a commitment for the
long term by agreeing to install,
maintain, and operate pumpout and
dump stations. Issues States should .
consider (where applicable) when
developing education/information
programs for marina owner and
operators include: (1) Benefits to
marinas under this program; (2) The
application process for receiving funds
to construct, renovate, maintain.'and
operate pumpout and dump stations; (3)
What are adequate and reasonably
available pumpout facilities; (4)
Reasonable fees; (5) Environmental
benefits of providing pumpout stations
and dump stations; (6) How to obtain a
permit for a municipal hookup and
options for disposal of pumpout waste;
(7) Where to locate pumpout and dump
stations; (8) Methods of encouraging
boater compliance with pumpout
requirements; (9) Types of pumpouts
and dump stations currently on the
market; (10) Encourage manufacturers to
provide demonstrations for and training
of marina personnel responsible for
operating these devices; (11)
Highlighting Those marinas that have
done an excellent job in installing and
maintaining facilities.
Wastewater collected from pumpout
facilities must be discharged from the
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Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. ..47 / Thursday, .Mar,ch 1.0, 1994 / Notices.
marina to an appropriate treatment
facility. Waste treatment plant owners
and operators should be made aware of
the options available to them for
receiving and treating waste from boat
holding tanks and portable toilets.
Issues for States to consider when
developing education/information
programs for wastewater treatment
facility owners and operators include:
(1) Effects of this waste stream on waste
treatment plant's normal operations and.
how to mitigate any negative effects; (2)
Volume of waste from boats in
proportion to normal "household"
loading standard; (3) Experience of
waste system operators in areas
designated "No Discharge".
States may find it necessary to
develop education/information
programs that address issuea related to
Federal. State and local government
agencies. Issues to consider for
education/information programs for this
audience include: (1) Awareness of
environmental requirements and
enforcement options for vessel sewage
disposal and treatment (particularly for
incoming harbor masters); (2)
Encouraging the development of
technical guidelines for design,
installation, and use of pumpout
facilities; (3) Encouraging the '
appropriate Federal agencies to support
a national standard on pumpout and .
boat fittings; (4) Environmental benefits
of reducing the amount of waste water
discharged from boats in localized areas,
e.g.. shellfish beds; (5) Encouraging
vessel manufacturers to include
procedures for proper operation of
vessel holding tanks and shoreside
pumpout facilities in new owners'
manuals; (6) The value of enforcement
in implementing this program; (7) Value
of educating the public; (8) Informing
Federal and local governments on how
to access Federal informational sources,
and encouraging them to do so; (9)
Working with local governments to
mandate, after a reasonable period of
time, the installation of pumpout
facilities at marinas, as a condition of
marina licensure or operation.
Education of the general public has an
important role to play. Issues to
consider for education/information of
this audience include: (1) The
environmental impacts of boater waste;
(2) Importance of the coastal resource;
(3) Efforts by the boating community to
reduce, waste discharges.
States have options for distribution of
educational information related to
boating and pumpout issues. Options
include magazines, radio public interest .
spots, environmental groups, '
association and federation newsletters,
National Estuary Program forums, State
and local education programs, local
citizens groups, and student groups.
New and innovative ways of educating
the boating community and-the general
public are encouraged.
Representatives of the various .groups
could meet together at the State/local
level to determine-what information and
education materials and strategies are
needed to accomplish the objective.
Private conservation and education
groups could provide suggestions and
materials once the needs are defined.
Section 6. Appropriate Methods for
Disposal .of Vessel Sewage From
Pumpout Stations and Dump Stations
Introduction: The safe and sanitary
disposal of vessel sewage waste must be
provided for when constructing and
operating pumpout stations and dump
stations. Boaters will not want to spend
time and money pumping out unless
they can be assured that their efforts
will help improve wajer quality.
Vessel Sewage Characterization
Vessel sewage is more concentrated
than domestic sewage for almost all the
standard .parameters used to measure
the quality of wastewater, including
suspended solids, BOD, and total
nitrogen. For example, the typical
concentration of BOD in vessels is
between 1700-3500 mg/1, while typical
sanitary wastewater ranges from 110—
400 mg/1 for raw sewage and 5-100 mg/
1 for treated sewage. Raw municipal
sewage has a lower concentration
because people on land use more water
for sanitary purposes than do people on
boats. In addition, the proportion of gray
water (defined as water from baths,
showers and kitchens) is greater in
municipal sewage, and municipal
collection systems are subject to inflow
and infiltration of storm water.
Another characteristic of vessel
holding tank waste is the presence of
chemical additives used to disinfect and
deodorize the waste. These same
additives are used .to treat sanitairy
wastes in recreational vehicles (RVs),
trains, and aircraft. Ideally, the odor-
control chemicals should be
biodegradable when diluted. These
chemical additives commonly contain
ah active disinfectant along with dyes
and perfumes. Some of the more
common disinfectants include
formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, and
quaternary ammonium chloride;
formaldehyde is the most popular
because of its effectiveness.
There is some concern from operators
of small municipal and package isewage
treatment plants and some marina
operators with septic systems that vessel
sewage holding tank waste may
adversely affect performance of their
sewage treatment systems by destroying
the bacterial population, thereby
reducing plant efficiency. A second
concern, particularly of operators of
municipal treatment plants operating at
or near capacity, is that the additional
volume of waste will cause the plant to
exceed its capacity to treat wastewater
effectively. .
Research into the effects of chemical
additives on sewage treatment processes
indicates that these problems have been
greatly overstated, and that, in general,
most municipal sewage treatment plants
can handle vessel holding tank waste
without difficulty. In addition to
relatively low volumes generated by
sewage pumpout stations, .the weekly
and seasonal usage of marina facilities
protects treatment systems from failing
or exceeding capacity. Marinas receive
their largest pumpout volumes on
weekends and, in many parts of the
country, only during the summer
season. Therefore, treatment plants
generally are able to assimilate such
intermittent waste loading and no
serious operational problem occurs.
Despite the negligible effects of
holding tank additives on sewage
treatment processes, general concern
about toxic contaminants in the
environment has led to the development
of non-toxic, environmentally benign
holding tank deodorants and
disinfectants such as quarternary
ammonium compounds, enzymes and
adamantane. Holding tank chemicals in
use today are generally biodegradable
and if even marginally diluted, have
little effect on treatment systems. No
heavy metals or other severe, lingering
toxics can be expected. States should
encourage the use of these
biodegradable products through
education and, if necessary, regulation.
Disposal Methods
Disposal methods will vary
depending on a number of factors,
including: State and local sanitation
codes;'the numberof recreational
vessels and where the vessels are
concentrated; the availability and
geographic proximity of existing
treatment facilities to boating centers;
and hydrogeologic characteristics,
including soil types and groundwater
flows. Depending on these factors,
States may consider the following
methods: (1) Off-site treatment: (a)
Discharge to a public wastewater
collection system and treatment facility;
. (b) discharge to a holding tank with
removal and transport by a licensed
septage hauler to a municipal septage
receiving/treatment facility.
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11303
(2) On-site treatment at marinas: (a)
Discharge to a package treatment plant
with subsequent discharge back into
coastal waters (a National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System permit
wpuld be required); (b) discharge to a
septic system, where no'other
alternative is available.
The following is a description of the
relative merits of each of these methods.
It should be noted that each State has its
own regulations and policies regarding
what it considers "appropriate"
disposal methods. What one State
considers appropriate or even desirable^
another may prohibit.
Off-Site Treatment
There ara-hundreds of existing
municipal wastewater treatment
facilities serving coastal areas
throughout the country..Most provide at
least secondary treatment utilizing an
activated sludge process, but they vary
greatly in size and details of treatment
structures, sludge handling capability,
and success in meeting current permit
terms and conditions. In addition, many
also incorporate septage receiving and
treatment facilities into the overall
treatment system.
Public Wastewater Collection
Systems: The best option for the safe
and sanitary disposal of vessel sewage is
through a direct connection to an
approved wastewater treatment facility.
Most municipal treatment plants should
have no problem accepting vessel
holding tank waste. The relatively small
volume of holding tank waste, bled into
the sanitary waste stream, is effectively
diluted by municipal sewage. The
relatively large volume of wastewater
routinely handled by these plants also
mitigates against plant upset, and the
treatment process can also break down
or, volatilize certain of the trace organic
chemicals. Sewage treatment plants
with a long history of accepting holding
tank waste have reported no problems
with this practice. However, States
should exercise caution in designating
sewage treatment plants that are over-
capacity, have operational problems, or
violate permit conditions on a regular
basis.
Shoreside Holding Tanks/Septage
Treatment Facilities: Many boating
facilities are located where connection
to a wastewater collection system is
difficult or infeasible. In these cases,
connection of the pumpout or dump
station to a shoreside holding tank is the
next best option. Holding (or tight) tanks
provide a means for sanitary storage of
vessel sewage until it can be transported
by a licensed septage hauler to an
approved septic waste receiving/
treatment facility. The holding tank may
be above or below ground, depending
on State or local requirements, but
should be [located on solid land and
secured to minimize potential storm
damage or vandalism. •
Septage receiving/treatment facilities
are designed specifically to pretreat
these wastes before introducing them to
the wastewater treatment system.
Because vessel holding tank and
portable toilet waste is similar in nature
to domestic septage, although more
concentre ed with variable amounts of
organic chemicals, a properly operating
municipal treatment plant with septage
receiving/treatment facilities should not
be adversely affected by the
introduction of holding tank waste.
Modificjations to Wastewater/Septage
Treatment Facilities: Some wastewater
treatment plants and septage receiving/
treatmentpacilities may require
modification to accommodate vessel
sewage. These modifications may
include increased capacity, construction
of adequate septage receiving/treatment
facilities, holding and bleed-in facilities,
pretreatment facilities, and additional
analytical capability. To determine
which plahts have the capability to
effectively process holding tank waste,
and whether additional facilities (or
modifications to existing ones) are
required, States may need to conduct a
survey of the existing capabilities and
limitations of their existing sewage
treatment plants. A matrix to determine
these capabilities might include the
following elements, for which many
States have available data as file
information: (1) List all sewage
treatment plants; (2) Eliminate plants
that are over capacity, have operational
problems,
or violate permit conditions
regularly; !(3) Evaluate the balance for
existing capacity and treatment
methodology; (4) Estimate the available
capacity; 15) Develop a short list of
candidates for vessel sewaga treatment;
(6) Develop list of potential needs for
modifications to those plants, including:
(a) Receiving stations; (b) holding/bleed-
in tanks,.and associated piping; (c)
pretreatment needs; (d) associated
sludge handling needs; and, (e)
additional staff and analytical
capabilities.
On-Site Treatment
On-site treatment at a marina may be
a viable alternative when the marina is'
not located near sewer lines, when
transport of waste is prohibitively
expensive! when the local sewage
treatment plant is unable to accept
additional discharges, and when
groundwabr and coastal waters can be
protected. [Prior to installing these
systems. State law should be reviewed
for legality. On-site treatment eliminates
the need to transport waste. However,
the proliferation of small, potentially
troublesome treatment systems often
creates more water quality problems
than the collection of vessel sewage is
intended to solve, including coastal and
ground water contamination.'
Package Treatment Plants
Package treatment plants offer an
alternative for the treatment of both
vessel sewage and waste generated by
marina restrooms and other shoreside
sanitary facilities. Package treatment
plants are usually small, prefabricated
sewage treatment plants that provide
secondary treatment, generally utilizing
the extended air mode of operation. In
this process, treatment is accomplished
by introducing air into the wastewater '
to encourage the growth of aerobic
bacteria which digest the sewaga,
providing a high degree of treatment.
Discharging vessel sewage to a
package treatment plant should only be
considered by boating facilities with
large treatment systems that can handle
the increased shock loading and
chemical additives present in this type
of waste. The typical problems with
such systems are exacerbated by the
nature of holding tank waste. Like septic
systems, package plants are designed to
deal with sewage with a low solids
content, and the treatment process itself
is highly dependent: on an environment
that is not toxic to the treatment
bacteria. Holding tank waste is
concentrated, which may raise
treatment and sludge handling issues.
Normal difficulties with treatment
variability would be worsened by the
slug flow nature of the discharges to a
package treatment plant, though they
can be eliminated by "bleeding" the
influent into the plant. In addition, the
waste may contain metals and
hydrocarbons which can destroy tha
treatment process in a small plant.
Based on these concerns, States may
not went to encourage the development
of a multiplicity of small sewitge
treatment plants, due to the variability
of effluent quality as well as substantial
difficulty in ensuring proper operation
and maintenance of the mechanical
components of such systems.
Septic Systems
Septic systems are the conventional
on-site sewege treatment systems
throughout the United States. They
consist of a septic tank where primary
treatment (physical operations)
predominate. These operations are
floatation, settling, and the digestion of
the sludge that accumulates in the"
bottom of the tank. Effluent from the
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Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 47-/Thursday, .March 10, 1994 / Notices
tank is directed to a subsurface leaching
system which provides additional
treatment by establishment of a
biological crust; its resultant
permeability is a direct function of the
BOD and suspended solids in the
effluent stream. Once effluent leaves the
crust zone it enters a soil environment.
where, if the septic system has been
properly sited, a number of treatment
processes will result in a high quality
final effluent The size arid location of
the leaching system (or drainfield) is"
extremely important because of the
quality of the final treatment is highly
dependent on the type and quantity of
the soil, through which the effluent will
pass.
- In general, septic systems are not a
favorable option for the disposal of
vessel sewage, because they are not
designed to treat the high solids content,
high strength, and. possibly toxic
content of these wastes. They are not
very effective at removing trace organic
chemicals, and are ineffective at'
removing nutrients. The chemical
additives used to disinfect and
deodorize holding tank waste may kill
the bacteria that aerobically digest the
sewage, allowing solids to pass through
the septic tank and causing the
drainfield to clog and overflow. .
Nutrients leaching from the drainfield
may stimulate algal growth in receiving
waters, which can reduce the amount of
sunlight necessary for submerged
aquatic vegetation to grow and use up
oxygen needed for fish and other
aquatic life. Iii marine waters nitrogen.is
the nutrient most likely to. cause these
ad verse'effects, while phosphorous is
the problem in fresh water.
Vessel sewage should be discharged
to a septic system only if no other
options exist and the system is
specifically designed and sited to
receive such waste!. This design
includes: Using large tanks to manage
and "bleed" in increased flows from
pumpout stations: combining flows
from ordinary bathroom facilities on-
shore and the pumpout stations to
dilute pumpout wastes; providing two
septic tanks in series to help segregate
solids in the first tank and increase
retention time in the system; a large
single drainfield or use of alternating
drainfields, and proper siting to assure
the leach field does not drain into the
coastal waters or contaminate
groundwater. In addition to following
specific design criteria, septic systems
should be inspected regularly and
properly maintained.
Section 7. Types of Marine Boat Sewage
Pumpout Stations and Dump Stations
That may be Appropriate for ; " -..
Construction, Renovation, Operation, or
Maintenance, and Appropriate Location
of the Stations and Facilities Within a
Marina or Boatyard
There are four basic types of pumpout
stations on the market. Each one has its
advantages and disadvantages. Since
every marina is unique, there iis no one
solution that will work in all cases.
Therefore, each' case should be
examined individually, and the
pumpout that will work best in any
particular situation should be selected.
Costs for equipment and installation can
vary greatly, depending on need for .
sewage lift stations to accommodate
widely fluctuating tides, need for
special onshore holding tanks to hold
concentrated waste, cost of connection
to a sewer system, and other factors.
Stationary or portable dockside pumps
cost in the range of $2,000 to $10,000,
and typical complete installations may
be as high as $20,000. Following is a list
of pumpout station types with a . '
discussion of advantages and
disadvantages.
(1) Stationary pumpout unit;
Stationary units include a connector
hose and primp, and are connected
directly to a local or municipal sewage
treatment facility or a holding tank. The
unit is usually located at the end. of a
pier or floating dock, often near the
fueling facilities. Vessels access the
pumpout station by approaching and
securing to the dock or pier. Advantages
are convenience, efficiency and speed of
use. Principal disadvantage is that the
unit restricts pumpout service" to -a
single .area of the marina, which may
cause congestion.
(2) Portable pumpout unit on wheels:
This unit may be a wheeled device,
consisting of a ho.lding tank, hose arid
mechanical or hand pump, that is
pushed along a dock to the'vessel's
location to pump out vessel sewage. The
advantage is the unit is brought, to the
boat rather than the boat to the station.
When full of sewage, however, the unit
can be heavy and cumbersome. Since it
must be moved from boat to boat, the
time required to complete the pumpout
operation can be somewhat greater than
that of fixed units. Being able to move
the unit can also be an advantage for
pumping out boats during slow
weekdays, especially after a busy
weekend. The unit is also limited by its
storage capacity.
(3) Portable pumpout unit on vessel:
This unit is a boat with pumpout station
on board, consisting of a pump and
holding tank/that may be.radio-
dispatched or respond to a signal flag,
to pump vessel holding tanks. The
advantage is the convenience of having
the pumpout station come directly to .
the boat.
(4) Remote operated multi-station
system: This system has a pump which
transports wastes via a main sewer to
central collection and treatment. This
unit can provide pumpout capabilities
at any number of locations throughout
the marina. This'system, which
provides wastewater collection anytime,
combines the convenience and
efficiency of fixed units with the
versatility offered by portables. This
system must be specifically designed to
individual project requirements.
There are five basic types of pumps
used in pumpout systems. Following is
a description of each.
(1) Centrifugal pump (rotary or
impeller types): This pump works when
sewage in its impeller is spun to the
outside of the impeller by centrifugal
force, which creates a low pressure area
at the impeller as it pumps. Most
centrifugal pumps require priming. This
pump is usually employed in lift station
situations.
(2) Reciprocating pump (diaphragm
and piston types): This pump,
mechanical or hand operated, creates
suction by mechanically lifting a
diaphragm up and pushing it down in
a pump body. The diaphragm works in
conjunction with two or four check
valves. As the diaphragm lifts, the low
pressure area under it causes sewage to
be sucked into the body through the
inlet check valve; when it is pushed
down the pressure under the diaphragm
closes the inlet check valve and forces
sewage out the outlet check valve. This
pump is self-priming.
(3) Vacuum pump: This pump does
not directly contact sewage, but draws
air out of a tank which creates the
necessary low pressure area or vacuum
to cause the sewage to flow in. When
the accumulator tank is full, pressurized
air enters the accumulator tank and the
pressure pushes the sewage out to a
sewer or holding "tank. This pump
allows pumping over longer distances.
(4) Flexible vein impeller pump: This
pump has suction lift. It is easy to repair
and needs no priming. A switch device
is needed to prevent the pump from
running dry .and damaging the impeller.
. (5) Progressive cavity pump: This
pump consists of stainless steel rotor or
screw surrounded by a tight fitting
rubber sleeve. As the rotor turns the.
sewage, is progressively moved to the
discharge line. This pump is self-
priming.
Equipment failure can occur with any
of the above equipment. Most common
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11305
causes are mechanical failure, followed
by clogging of hose and/or pump, loss
of hose prime, and hose failure (Ross &
Amaral, 1992).
In addition to pumpout stations, there
are facilities to receive sewage waste
from portable toilets. A dump station
consists of a receiving receptacle for
sewage from portable toilets, and
includes associated equipment and
storage tank or sewer line connection.
This facility is not a land-based or
floating restroom, but can be made a
part of such. Floating dump stations
should be considered at mooring fields
and other strategic locations. The device
typically includes a receiving basin,
which should be a minimum of 12
inches in diameter, and with a lid that
completelycovers the receiving unit (to
control odors and insect access), with
provisions for rinsing the portable toilet
following emptying of,the contents. If
the unit is designed to drain, the drain
should be a minimum of 3 inches in
diameter and equipped with an insect-
tight cover. Dump stations should be
equipped with a washdown system to
allow cleaning of the portable toilet. The
washdown system should be clearly
marked as unfit for drinking water.
Wand attachments may be connected to
a pumpout station to empty portable
toilets, rather than building a separate
facility. , ,
Following is a description of other
equipment that is part of the pumpout
station. .
Pumpout station holding tanks:
Holding tanks should be sized
appropriately for the volume of sewage
generated and the frequency, of removal
of material from the hpldSng tank. State
and local requirements may govern the
size of holding tanks. Generally, a 1,500-
gallon holding tank can serve up to 100
boats with'holding tanks. In terms of the
number of boats serviced with a normal
removal schedule, the following
minimum sizes are suggested:
Total number of boats serv-
iced with holding tanks
1-20 .™ .
21-40 M..».™-..~»..™........— ••
41-60
61-80
81—100 ................ ...„..»....—.
100+
Recommended
holding .tank
volume
(gallons)
300
600
900
1200
1500
2000
UGT AJIUU. Wl AAW**v«w*«i*^fc»»**£) ••v*»»*«wj .
locking connections. Corrugated or
ribbed noses are not recommended. The
line should be watertight and
appropriately fastened or secured to the
dock or pier. Local building codes
should be checked for specific piping
requirements, but the following
materials aire generally accepted for
pumpout station service: Polyvinyl
chloride (pvc), and polyethylene.
Expansion joints should be included
where appropriate. Force main systems
may require "thrust blocks" and other
security fastenings.
•Fittings: A deck fitting (sewage
removal fitting) is a flanged fitting
permanently! mounted on the vessel and
connecting to the onboard holding tank.
A connector jis a nozzle or coupling
permanently' attached to the suction
hose of a pumpout station. An adapter
is a fitting designed to facilitate
adapting a pumpout connector to a
vessel deck fitting.
When the requirement for vessels
with an installed toilet to have a
certified marine sanitation device went
into effect under 33 CFR159 on January
30,1975, th^re was a requirement for
sewage removal fittings or adapters to be
1.5 inch for boats less than 65 feet in
length. The expected types of acceptable
fittings included threaded, flanged, or
quick discoijmect fittings. However, 33
CFR 159 was amended on January 3,
1977 to allow holding tanks to be
certified by definition if they store
sewage and jflushwater only at ambient
air pressure and temperature. As a
result, boats! have been put on the
market with' many sizes of sewage -
removal connector fittings, requiring the
use of adapters in order to assure a
clean, tight connection when a pumpout
occurs.
There are several adapters on the
market toda|y. A black rubber nozzle is
used by most boaters. Another adapter,
the fuel hose fitting or cam-activated
connector, consists of a male portion
which fits into the connector, and a
female portion which locks onto the
male portioh.
A suction nozzle or fitting such as a
friction nozzle (right angle preferred) or
cam-activated quick connector positive
locking.attaehinent should be provided
on the end of the suction hose. Adapters
should be provided to fit the 1.5 inch
discharge cjnnector. A valve should be
provided on the suction hose at the
nozzle. A valve should be provided on
the pump end of the suction line if the
line is to be installed in a manner such
that sewage would discharge from the
line when tihe pump is removed for
service. Positive locking connections on
the end of the discharge line should be
provided tb prevent it from coming
loose during discharge. The discharge
line should be protected from freezing,
and prevented from leaking into the
water. Suction hoses should be
equipped with a clear tubing or a sight
glass on the suction end of.the hose to
allow the pumpout station, operator to
determine when the pumping is
complete.
Other factors that should be
considered when installing pumpout
stations/dump stations include the
following.
Convenient location enhances use.
Stationary pumpout stations should
generally be located as close to a boat
off-loading point as possible and/or
where boats need to maneuver the least.
The end of a dock is a good location
because it is accessible. Many facilities
are located at the fuel dock, so boaters
only have to go to one location for both
of these activities. Water level changes
should be considered when installing
pumpout stations.
Operation and maintenance: Proper
operation and maintenance of purnpout
stations and dump stations'are critical
to provide adequate and reasonable
service. An individual should be
assigned responsibility for operation
and maintenance of pumpout and dump
stations. Consider appropriate
protective clothing, such as gloves, and
hand washing, to protect the operator.
Washing facilities should be readily
available.
Convenience for boaters and operators
is a major factor. Hours of operation for
pumpout stations should be keyed to
general operating hours for vessels in
the area. Specific maintenance and-
winter storage requirements depend on
the system and the location. However,
the following minimum maintenance is
suggested to maintain sanitary
conditions: Use dedicated system for
flushing and rinsing hoses; flush hoses;
pump clean water through the system,
and empty into disposal area, never
onto the ground or into the water.
An event or hour meter could be
installed on the pump to monitor its
use. Monitoring of pumpouts should be
an integral part of a marina management
program to ensure that the facilities are
operating effectively. The following
practices can be applied successfully to
maintain pumpout facilities: arrange
maintenance contracts with contractors
competent in the repair and servicing of
pumpout facilities; develop regular
inspection schedules; maintain a
dedicated fund for the repair and
maintenance of facilities.
Section 8. Other Information That is
Considered Necessary to Promote the
Establishment of Pumpout Facilities to
Reduce Sewage Discharges From
Vessels and to Protect United States
Waters
Public/private, partnerships: Since
approximately 80 per cent (based on the
-------
11308 Federal Register / Voi: J9, No. 47 / Th"rsda]^March-ig, 1994 / Notices
1986-87 National Boating Facilities .
Survey, IMI/URI conducted for NMMA)
of the marinas in the United States are
privately owned, States are encouraged
to develop partnerships, within State
laws and regulations, with private
marinas to construct pumpout stations
at these facilities.
"No Discharge Areas": Sections 312(f)
(3) and (4) (A) and (B) of the Clean
Water Act of 1987 enable States to apply
to the EPA for designation of certain
water bodies as "No Discharge Areas".
In doing so, States must meet specific
criteria outlined in 40 CFR 140.4 .
including demonstrating to the EPA
Administrator that adequate and
reasonably available facilities exist for
the safe and sanitary removal of boat
sewage. States should not consider
"adequate and reasonably available"
under the Clean Vessel Act to satisfy all
requirements for determining "No
Discharge Areas" under the Clean Water
Act. A separate review and
determination would have to be made
by the EPA for Clean Water Act
designation of a "No Discharge Area".
Holding tank bypass: Discharge of raw
sewage from a vessel in U.S. Territorial
Seas (within the three mile limit) is
illegal. Holding tanks are frequently
bypassed with the use of valves,
commonly called Y-valves. A valve may
be installed on any marine sanitation
device holding tank to provide for the
direct discharge of raw sewage when the
vessel is beyond the baseline of the
Territorial Seas, which is more than
three miles from shore. The valve must
be secured in the closed position while
operating in Territorial Seas. Use of a
padlock, non-releasable wire-tie, or
removal of the valve handle would be
considered adequate securing of the
device. The method chosen must be one
that presents a physical barrier to the
use of the valve or the toilet. All Y-
valves should be standardized, so that
the handle points in the direction that
the sewage flows and/or indicates the
open and closed position. The Y-valve
should be place after the holding tank
rather than between the toilet and
holding tank.
Upland and floating restrooms: Clean,
well-maintained restrooms are very
desirable for boaters. Many boaters
would rather use these when available
than use holding tanks. Restrooms
should be constructed at marinas and
other strategic locations.
Rental Contracts: Marinas could add
language in rental contracts to prohibit
discharge of sewage into the marina
waters.
Disinfectants, perfumes: Industry
should produce only products which
will not harm waste treatment plants or
septic tanks. A symbol should be placed
on the label of these products indicating
they may be discharged into treatment
plants or septic tanks if correctly used
in a properly designed treatment
system.
Additional information: For
additional information on pumpout
stations, refer to: (1) "A Guidebook For
Marina Owners and Operators On the
Installation and Operation of Sewage
Pumpout Stations", Maryland
Department of Natural Resources
Boating Administration, Coastal
Technology, Inc., February 1990; (2)
"Commonwealth of Virginia Sanitary
Regulations for Marinas and Boat
Moorings", State Department of Health,
Richmond, VA, 1990; (3) "Guidance for
States and Municipalities Seeking "No
Discharge Area" Designation for New
England Coastal Waters", Rev. 4/92,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 1. Boston, MA; (4) "State of the
Art Assessment of Boat Sewage
Pumpout Program in Washington
State", 12/91, Howard Edde, Inc.,
Bellevue, WA, for Washington State
Parks and-Recreation Commission,
Olympia, WA. For further information
on pumpout stations and dump stations,
consult "Marina Pump Out Facilities",
Joseph Wettemann, 1/89, and "Types of
Pump Out Facilities", Natchex,, 7/92.
Dated: February 11,1994.
George T. Framptoa, Jr.,
Assistant Secretary for Fish and WHdlifeand
Parks.
IFR Doc. 94-5530 Filed 3-9-94; 8:45 ami '
BILLING CODE 4310-65-M '
Receipt of Applications for Permit
The following applicants have
applied for a permit to conduct certain
activities with endangered species. This
notice is provided pursuant to Section
10(c) of the Endangered Species Act of
1973. as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531, et
seq.):
PRT-783902."
Applicant. Dallas Zoo, Dallas, TX
The applicant requests a permit to
export two captive-born female Round
Island boas (Casarea dussumieri) to the
Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust,
United Kingdom, for breeding to
enhance the survival of the species.
PRT-787726
Applicant Cincinnati Zoo. Cincinnati, OH
-The applicant requests a permit to
import one female captive-born, great
Indian rhinoceros {Rhinoceros
unicomis) from the Metropolitan
Toronto Zoo, Canada, for breeding to
enhance the survival of the species.
PRT-787646
Applicant: Northland Animal Exchange.
Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
The applicant requests a permit to
import two captive-born .tigers
(Panthera tigris) from Wild Kingdom
Zoo, Manitoba, Canada, to Steve
Martin's Working Wildlife, FrazerPark.
California, for breeding to enhance the
survival of the species.
Written data or comments should be
submitted to the Director, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Office of Management
Authority, 4401 North Fairfax Drive,
room 432, Arlington, Virginia 22203 and
must be received by the Director within
30 days of the date of this publication.
Documents and other information
submitted with these applications are
available for review, subject to the '
requirements of the Privacy Act and
Freedom of Information Act, by any
party who submits a written request for
a copy of such documents to the
following office within 30 days of the •
date of publication of this notice: U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of
Management Authority, 4401 North
Fairfax Drive, Room 420(c), Arlington.
Virginia 22203. Phone: (703/358-2104);
FAX: (703/358-2281).
Dated: March 4.1994.
Susan Jacobsen,
Acting Chief, Branch of Permits, Office of
Management Authority.
IFR Doc. 94-5460 Filed 3-9-94:8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 431O-55-*>
Geological Survey
Abandoment of the USGS 15-Minute
Topographic Quadrangle Map Series;
[1:62,500-Sca!e]
AGENCY: Geological Survey, Interior.
ACTION: Notice.
SUMMARY: The U.S. Geological Survey
(USGS) 7.5-minute topographic
quadrangle map series is the official
replacement for the USGS 15-minute
series. The 7.5-miaute (l:24,000-scale)
series, which provides grater detail than
the 15-minute series, has been
completed for all States (except Alaska,
which is covered by maps at 1:63,360-
scale) The USGS has not revised or
reprinted the maps for many years and
can longer support both the 7.5-mihute
and the 15-minute map series.
Consequently, the 15-minute series has
been officially abandoned and will no
longer be available for sale after June 1,
1994.
DATES: March 1-31.1994—USGS map
dealers may exchange USGS 15-minute
topographic maps that they have in
stock either for credit at the discounted
-------
-------
Appendix D:
Sample §312(f)(3) No Discharge Area Application
-------
-------
Table of Contents
1.0 GREATER PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT CERTIFICATION 1
2.0 FACILITY INFORMATION 2
2.1 Map of Sanitary Waste Reception Facilities 2
2.2 Description of Facility Locations and Types 4
2.3 Facility Operation and Maintenance 6
2.3.1 Facility Accessibility .7
2.3.2 Facility Maintenance Plans 7
2.3.3 Completion of Proposed Facilities 7
2.4 Facility Draught Requirements 8
2.5 Facility Waste Treatment Methods 9
3.0 VESSEL POPULATION AND USAGE IN PROPOSED AREA 10
4.0 OTHER INFORMATION . 11
4.1 Enforcement Plan . . 11
4.2 Local Discharge Ordinances 11
4.3 Public Education/Information Plan 12
4.4 Existing Point Source Pollution 12
Exhibits
Map 1: Bayside Channel Area 3
Tables
Table 1: Marine Fisheries Fecal Coliform Data (per 100ml) 1
Table 2: Waste Reception Facility Locations by Type 5
Table 3: Facility Operation Information 6
Table 4: Vessel Draught Limitations for Facilities 8
Table 5: Vessel Population in Proposed No Discharge Area 10
Appendix D
D-l
Sample Application
-------
-------
1.0 Greater Protection and Enhancement Certification
The Bayside Channel area is located just to the north of the City of Bayside. It is
approximately 25 miles long and varies in width from 5 to 10 miles. Bayside Channel and its
tributaries, Long River, Surf Bay, Tidal Bay, and Island Bay, discharge to the Atlantic Ocean.
The surface waters associated with the Bayside Channel and its tributaries are important
economic and recreational resources. Specifically, the Channel and associated tributaries are
used in shellfish propagation or harvesting. Shellfish harvesting accounts for 200 total full-time
jobs during the spring and summer months (State Sea Grant Study). In addition, the Bayside
Channel includes approximately 1,000 acres of public arid private beaches which are used for
recreational activities that account for 35,000 visitor-days during the spring and summer
months (State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan).
Over the past 10 years, recreational boating in the Channel has significantly increased. As
indicated in Table 1, fecal coliform levels in the Bayside Channel have increased during the
summer months when recreational vessels are on the Channel in great numbers. Based on the
increasing trends, it can be assumed that discharges from recreational vessels are impacting
the water quality. Due to these conditions, the surface waters are currently patrolled during
the summer months to control discharges of sanitary wastes from recreational vessels. Since
1987, several beaches and over 1,500 acres of shellfish harvesting areas have been closed due
to high levels of fecal coliform in the surface water. Therefore, greater protection of the
surface water is required than the applicable Federal standards to protect the degrading water
quality and stop the decline in the local economy which has been impacted by beach and
shellfish harvesting closures.
Table 1
Marine Fisheries Fecal Coliform Data (per 100ml)
Monitoring Site
Island Bay Dock
Long River
Tidal Bay Marina
Surf Bay Marina
3/91
1.1
0.8
0.4
1.0
6/91
8.6
3.2
1.2
4.0
8/91
8.4
4.2
3.2
4.4
4/92
N/A
0.6
N/A
0.5
6/92
6.4
5.1
4.0
3.2
8/92
6.7
4.8
3.2
4.2
Source: "Ocean State 305(b) Water Quality Assessment Report," Ocean State
Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Water, 1993, pp. 211-215.
For the protection and enhancement of waters used by the general public (for various
commercial and recreational marine activities), shellfish resources, and other marine life and
habitat, it is respectfully requested that a No Discharge Area be approved for the coastal
waters in the City of Bayside in Ocean County. This request is made in accordance with 40
CFR §140.4(a).
Appendix D
D-3
Sample Application
-------
2.0
2.1
FACILITY INFORMATION
Map of Sanitary Waste
Reception Facilities
The following map shows the geographic location of holding tank pumpout facilities, portable
toilet dump stations, and shoreside restrooms within the proposed Bayside Channel No
Discharge Area.
The thre6 existing pumpout facilities in the area are identified on the map by an "EP" followed
by the number assigned for reference purposes (i.e., EP1, EP2, and EPS). The location of the
two proposed pumpout facilities are indicated on the map as PP1 and PP2. The two existing
dump stations are designated on the map by ED1, ED2, and EDS, while the two proposed
dump stations are shown as PD1 and PD2. The five existing shoreside restroom facilities are
labeled on the map as ER1, ER2, ER3, ER4, and ER5. There are no proposed restroom facilities
at this time. ;
Sample Application
D-4
Appendix D
-------
Map 1: Bayside Channel Area
Atlantic
Ocean
Mapl:
-Bayside
Channel Area
Atlantic
Ocean
EP = Existing Pumpout Facility
PP = Proposed Pumpout Facility
ED = Existing Dump Station
PD = Proposed Dump Station
ER = Existing Restroom Facility
PR s Proposed Restroom Facility
:""]= Proposed No Discharge Area
Scale |llll|llll| 1—j
(In Feet) 0 500 1000 2000
Appendix D
D-5
Sample Application
-------
2.2 Description of Facility Locations and Types
There are five waterfront facilities (e.g., docks, harbors, marinas), which will be subsequently
called marinas in this application, that operate pumpout facilities and/or clump stations in the
proposed Bayside Channel No Discharge Area. Map 1 in Section 2.1 of this application
provided an overview of the geographic distribution of the marinas in the area, however, a
more specific description of the location and type of each marina's sanitary waste reception
facilities is provided below:
Surf Bay Marina. This marina is located jat the west end of Surf Bay about 0.75 miles from the
bay entrance off the northern end of the; Bayside Channel. The marina currently operates one
stationary, marina-wide pumpout facility, which is located directly to the right of the fuel dock
at the end of the middle pier. The pumpout facility also accommodates sanitary wastes from
portable toilets. !
Waterfront Marina. Due to the close proximity (approximately 0.5 miles) of this marina to Surf
Bay Marina, it does not currently operate either a pumpout facility or dump station. The
Waterfront Marina is closer to the bay entrance, off the Bayside Channel than the Surf Bay
Marina, so Waterfront Marina has plans to purchase portable pumpout equipment and develop
a dump station (these plans are discussed in detail in Section 2.3 of the application).
Island Bay Dock. This marina is located;in the northwest portion of Island Bay approximately
0.5 miles off the southern part of the Bayside Channel. Island Bay Dock is the only marina
located on the ocean-side of the Bayside Channel. Island Bay is a popular location for vessels
to moor, so the marina has operated a mobile pumpout facility (located on a vessel) for the
past 5 years which services vessels in jsland Bay. The shoreside marina facilities include a
dump station for portable toilets. i
Tidal Bay Marina. This marina is located at the northern end of Tidal Bay, approximately 0.5
miles from the bay entrance from the southern part of the Bayside Channel. Tidal Bay Marina
operates one stationary, marina-wide pumpout facility which is located at the end of the fuel
dock. The pumpout facility is also a reception facility for portable toilet sanitary wastes.
Bayside Harbor. As shown in Map 1, this marina is located directly 0.5 miles south of the Tidal
Bay Marina in Tidal Bay. In the past, this harbor has referred its customers to the Tidal Bay
Marina for pumpout and dump services. Three months ago plans were developed to purchase
a portable pumpout system and construct a portable toilet dump station (these plans are
discussed in detail in Section 2.3 of the application).
The following table provides the names and addresses for the five facilities described above.
For reference, the codes assigned to each1 facility on Map 1 are presented next to each facility.
The table also summarizes the water bo|dy on which each facility is located and the number
of pumpout facilities or dump stations by system type for each facility.
Sample Application
D-6
Appendix D
-------
Table 2
Waste Reception Facility Locations by Type
Marina
Information
Surf Bay Marina
1 23 Surf Road
Bayside, US
01234
Waterfront
Marina
345 Surf Road
Bayside, US
01234
Island Bay Dock
1 2 Island Road
Bayside, US
01266
Tidal Bay Marina
25 Tidal Road
Bayside, US
01244
Bayside Harbor
55 Tidal Road
Bayside, US
01244
Facility
Map
Codes
EP1/
ED1
PP1/
PD1
EP2/
ED2
EPS/
EDS
PP2/
PD2
Body
of
Water
Surf
Bay
Surf
Bay
Island
Bay
Tidal
Bay
Tidal
Bay
Number of Waste Reception Facilities by
Type and Location
Portable
Pumpout
0
r
0
0
r
Mobile
Pumpout
0
0
1
0
0
Stationary
Pumpout
1
0
0
1
0
Dump
Station
1
,r
1
1
r
Proposed facilities expected to be available by May.
Note: There are no remote operated multi-station systems in this area.
Sources: "Ocean County Boater's Guide" (Ocean County Division of Tourism, 1993); and
personal communication with owners/operators of Surf Bay Marina, Waterfront
Marina, Island Bay Dock, Tidal Bay Marina, and Bayside Harbor.
Appendix D
D-7
Sample Application
-------
2.3 Facility Operation and Maintenance
;
The following table summarizes the operation information {i.e., hours, fees, and operating
capacity) for each pumpout facility and cjump station within the proposed No Discharge Area.
The information provided for the proposed facilities is subject to change.
Table 3
Facility Operation Information
Marina Information
Surf Bay Marina
William Smith
1 23 Surf Road
Bayside, US 01 234
(123) 555-2424
Channel 1 6 VHF-FM
Waterfront Marina
Ed Johnson
345 Surf Road
Bayside, US 01 234
(123) 555-2300
Channel 16 VHF-FM
Island Bay Dock
Joseph Hill
12 Island Road
Bayside, US 01 266
(123) 555-1300
Channel 12 VHF-FM
Tidal Bay Marina
.Susan Washington
25 Tidal Road
Bayside, US 01 244
(123) 555-11-11
Channel 14 VHF-FM
Bayside Harbor
John Morrison
55 Tidal Road
Bayside, US 01 244
(123) 555-2222
Channel 14 VHF-FM
Facility
Map
Code
EP1
ED1
PP1
PD1
EP2
ED2
EPS
ED3
PP2
PD2
Facility Hours of
Operation
April-October:
M-F: 8am-8pm
S&S: 7arn-10pm
November-March:
1 Oam-4pm daily
Same as EP1
M-F: 8am-8pm
Sat: 7arn-1 1 pm
Sun: 7ahv10pm
Same as PP1
M-F: 1 0am- 10pm
Sat: 8am-1 1 pm
Sun: 7am-10pm
7am-1 1 pm daily
M-Th: iOam-5pm
F&Sat: 7am-1 Opm
Sun: 7ejm-9pm
Same as EPS
M-F: I0am-7pm
Sat: 8am-1 Opm
Sun: S^m-Spm
Same a;s PP2
Facility Fee
Schedule
For customers:
Free
For others: $5
Free to public
Free to customers
Free to customers
$10
$2
For customers:
Free
For others: $8
Free to public
Free to customers
Free to public
Facility
Operating
Capacity
1 0 gallons
per minute
N/A
5 gallons
per minute
N/A
1 2 gallons
per minute
N/A
1 0 gallons
per minute
N/A
5 gallons
per minute
N/A
Sources: Same sources as Table 2.
Sample Application
D-8
Appendix D
-------
2.3.1
Facility Accessibility
Although the three marinas that currently operate pumpout facilities and dump stations in the
proposed No Discharge Area are all privately owned, access is given to all vessels. As shown
in the table above, however, reduced facility use prices are given to patrons at two of the
marinas.
2.3.2
Facility Maintenance Plans
The stationary pumpout/dump facilities at Surf Bay Marina and Tidal Bay Marina are operated
by the customers. Signs are posted with the proper operating procedures, however, marina
personnel check on the facility several times a day (especially during periods of heavy use) to
prevent major problems {e.g., sewage lines become clogged if not rinsed properly) from
occurring. The pumpouts are both inspected and cleaned once a week and thoroughly checked
and repaired once a year (usually during the off-season).
The mobile pumpout service provided through a contract with Island Bay Dock is monitored for
maintenance or operational problems on a continuous basis because the owner of the pumpout
vessel is also the operator. Approximately once a year the mobile pumpout is serviced and
repaired. The dump station located at Island Bay Dock is cleaned every night after closing the
marina office. The dump station does not require much maintenance.
2.3.3
Completion of Proposed Facilities
In Section 2.2 above, there were two pumpout facilities and two dump stations described
which are expected to operate within the proposed No Discharge Area. Waterfront Marina and
Bayside Harbor are each expected to purchase equipment for a portable pumpout facility and
a dedicated portable toilet dump station. Partial funding for this equipment will come from the
Clean Vessel Act Pumpout Grant program. Upon receipt of the funds, which are estimated to
be dispersed in 2 months, the marinas will purchase the dump stations and portable pumpouts.
It is expected that they will be fully operational in time for the beginning of the boating season
in May. The anticipated hours of operation, fees, and purnpout operating capacity (gallons per
minute) are provided in the table at the beginning of this section.
Appendix D
D-9
Sample Application
-------
2.4
Facility Draught Requirements
The following table provides informatioiji related to the physical accessibility of vessels to each
pumpout facility and dump station, including the .mean low water depth adjacent to each
facility, the maximum draught of vesjsels excluded from each facility, and the estimated
percentage of vessels precluded from using each facility based on draught limitations. It is
estimated that 5 percent of vessels usjng the Bayside Channel area have a draught of more
than 6 feet, therefore, these vessels car} access all the sanitary waste reception facilities in the
area except the pumpout facility at Bayside Harbor (upon completion). It is estimated that
vessels of this size would have a holding tank (MSD Type III), not a portable toilet, and would
require a pumpout facility.
There are no bridges in the proposed No Discharge Area, therefore, no maximum height
limitations exist. j
Table 4
Vessel Draught Limitations for Facilities
Marina Name
Surf Bay Marina
Waterfront
Marina
Island Bay Dock
Tidal Bay Marina
Bayside Harbor '
Facility
Map Code
EP1
ED1
PP1
PD1
EP2
ED2
EPS
EDS
PP2
PD2
Mean Low
Water Depth
1
1
1
5ft.
5ft.
2ft.
2ft.
30ft.
1
1
1
2ft.
3 ft.
3ft.
lOft.
1
Oft.
Vessel Draught
Limitations
10ft.
10ft.
7ft.-
7ft.
25ft.
7ft.
8ft.
8ft.
6ft.
6ft.
% of Vessels
Excluded
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
5%
5%
Sources: Personal communication with owners/operators of Surf Bay Marina, Waterfront
Marina, Island Bay Dock, Ti#al Bay Marina, and Bayside Harbor.
8
Sample Application
D-10
Appendix D
-------
2.5
Facility Waste Treatment Methods
The stationary pumpout facilities and dump stations located at Surf Bay Marina and Tidal Bay
Manna are l.nked directly into the Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant, which is located
15 miles from Surf Bay Marina and 7 miles from Tidal Bay Marina. Bayside Municipal Sewage
Treatment Plant has made an agreement with the State Department of Environment Protection
(DEP) to accept vessel sewage. Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant has consistently
met or exceeded DEP's and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's standards.
The mobile pumpout station that services the Island Bay Dock area retains vessel sewage on
board in a 300 gallon holding tank. Once a week, or more often when the tank level is near
capacity, the mobile pumpout vessel travels to Tidal Bay Marina where a licensed septage
hauler meets the vessel and unloads, or pumps out, the contents of the holding tank into the
truck s holding tank. The truck then transports the sanitary waste to the Bayside Municipal
Sewage Treatment Plant. The dump station at the Island Bay Dock deposits its contents into
the on-site septic system which is also used for the marina's restroom facilities. The restroom
wastes are mixed with the dump station wastes before entry into the septic system to help
dilute wastes from the portable toilets.
Vessel sewage collected at the proposed dump stations and portable pumpout facilities at
Waterfront Marina and Bayside Harbor will be emptied directly into the sewer system linked
to the Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant. The dump stations and portable pumpouts
will be emptied every day or when full, whichever comes first.
Appendix D
D-ll
Sample Application
-------
3.0 VESSEL POPULATION AND USAGE IN PROPOSED AREA
The marinas in the Bayside Channel area keep records on the number and size of county-
registered and transient vessels. Although not all vessels use these five marinas, these
numbers combined with registration records for Ocean County should provide an accurate
estimate for vessel use in the Bayside'Channel area. This area receives a significant level of
transient traffic, typically consisting of larger vessels equipped with MSDs (usually Type III).
The estimated number of transient vessels indicated in the table below represents the peak
number recorded or observed during Labor Day weekend last year. There are no commercial
vessels that currently use the Bayside: Channel area.
Table 5
i •
Vessel Population in Proposed No Discharge Area
T
Vessel Length
Over 40 feet
26 to 40 feet
1 6 to 26 feet
Less than 1 6 feet
TOTAL
Estimated Numl
of Registered
Vessels
151
862
3,511
jer
9,053
13,577
Estimated Number
of Transient Vessels
174
715
696
837
2,422
Total Estimated
Number of Vessels
325
1,577
4,207
9,890
15,999
Sources- Ocean County recreational ve'ssel registration records; and mooring registration records from
Surf Bay Marina, Waterfront Marina, Island Bay Dock, Tidal Bay Marina, and Bayside Harbor.
According to the technical guidelines provided for the Clean Vessel Act (Federal Register, Vol.
59 No 47 March 10, 1994, pp. 11290-11306), the Bayside Channel area would require
approximately three to four pumpout facilities and three dump stations. The pumpout facility
estimate of three to four is based on an estimated 845 vessels with holding tanks (or Type III
MSDs) with a peak occupancy rate (percent of vessels used on a holiday weekend) of 40
percent and one pumpout facility assumed to service 96 vessels per weekend. The estimate
of three dump stations assumes an estimate of 1,094 vessels with a portable toilet at a peak
occupancy rate of 40 percent in the area and one dump station able to service 144 vessels per
weekend.
As described in other sections of the t pplication, there are currently three operational pumpout
facilities and three operational dump
stations in the area. In addition, there are two pumpout
facilities and two dump stations proposed to be operational in several months which will
accommodate for any vessel population growth and conversions from Types I and II MSDs to
Type III MSDs.
10
Sample Application
D-12
Appendix D
-------
4.0
OTHER INFORMATION
This section is included to provide additional information on how the No Discharge Area will
be enforced after EPA approval (including the local ordinances used to regulate the area), the
methods that will be used to educate and inform the boating public of the no discharge status,
and identification of other water pollution sources within the Bayside Channel area.
4.1
Enforcement Plan
Both the Boating Division and Division of Shellfish Sanitation of the State Department of
Natural Resources will be responsible for enforcement of the No Discharge Area around the
Bayside Channel after approval of the area by EPA. The Division of Shellfish Sanitation has
authority to regulate and enforce the discharge of vessel sewage within and adjacent to
shellfish harvesting areas. Boating Division personnel enforce all other areas, but concentrate
their effort on heavy boating areas. Two years ago a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)
between the U.S. Coast Guard and the State Department of Natural Resources was
established. This MOU gives the state authority to enforce compliance with the current Federal
regulations related to disposal of vessel sewage.
On a local level, harbormasters in the public port areas assist the state personnel in boater
enforcement and education. All of the marinas in the proposed area are private waterfront
properties, however, the owners and operators have been cooperative in assisting the state in
encouraging boaters to properly dispose of their wastes. All vessels mooring at private marinas
must check in at the marina office to pay fees. At this time, the boaters are asked to
voluntarily sign a statement that they will not discharge any sewage (or other wastes) while
in the immediate marina area. This campaign was developed by Ocean County 2 years ago to
encourage voluntary boater compliance with the county's no discharge standard for the
Bayside Channel area.
Enforcement techniques used by the Division of Shellfish Sanitation and Boating Division
include: 1) boarding vessels randomly and placing a dye tablet in the MSD to inspect proper
operation (no dye observed in the water after flushing); 2) visual inspection of secured MSD
Y-valve; and 3) periodic water quality monitoring during periods of heavy boating.
4.2
Local Discharge Ordinances
The Bayside Channel area lies within the City of Bayside. As mentioned in Section 4.1, the
City of Bayside passed an ordinance 2 years ago to prohibit the discharge of sanitary wastes
in the area in order to protect natural resources (e.g., shellfish harvesting beds, recreational
swimming areas). The ordinance states:
"§65.03. It shall be unlawful for any person to throw, discharge, deposit, or leave, or
cause, suffer, or procure to be thrown, discharged, deposited, or left either from or out
of any vessel or holding tank, or from the shore, wharf, manufacturing establishment,
or mill of any kind, any refuse matter of any description into the navigable waters of
Ocean County. Any violation of this ordinance results in a maximum fine of $400.00."
11
Appendix D
D-13
Sample Application
-------
4.3
Public Education/Information Plan
At the five private marinas within |the proposed Bayside Channel No Discharge Area,
information is provided to boaters on |the accepted sanitary waste handling practices for the
area. Marinas are concerned about keeping the waters clean to keep their customers satisfied
and to attract more customers to the area. All five marinas voluntarily participate in the
following public education and outreach activities:
Signs. The three marinas
with operational pumpout facilities and dump stations
have signs at the marina entrances and on the facilities that show boaters where
the facilities are located, f he two marinas with proposed facilities have signs on
the fuel dock that refer vessels needing pumpout and dump facilities to the nearest
marina providing these services (in both cases the marina is just across the bay).
Signs in the restrooms also indicate that portable toilets should not be emptied into
the restroom system.
Fliers/brochures. All vessel owners who wish to moor their vessels at the marina
are required to register at the marina office. The vessel owner is given information
on the marina, including rules and regulations about the prohibition of sanitary
waste discharge (both treated and untreated) within the marina area. In some
cases, the local ordinance
a map of the marina which
and fine for violation are stated. Boaters are also given
clearly indicates the location, fee, and operating hours
of the pumpout facility and dump station.
Voluntary compliance agre
an agreement to obey all rules
the marina area.
4.4
Existing Point Source
jment. The marinas also ask boaters to voluntarily sign
for disposing of all types of waste properly while in
'dilution
The only existing point source of water pollution within or directly adjacent to the proposed
No Discharge Area is the Bayside Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant, which is located 8 miles
up Long River from Bayside Channel. The discharges from this plant are continually monitored
and regularly meet or exceed local, state, and Federal water quality standards.
12
Sample Application
D-14
Appendix D
-------
Appendix E:
List of Contacts
-------
-------
List of Contacts
The following list of contacts (including contact name, agency/organization, address, and
telephone number) consists of the offices and individuals contacted to obtain information on the
Federal, state, and local programs related to the discharge of sewage from vessels. The contacts
are arranged in the following order:
• Federal Contacts (by Federal agency)
• Regional Contacts
• State and Local Contacts
State Boating Law Administration Offices (by state)
, - State Coastal Zone Management Offices (by state)
Other State and Local Contacts (by state)
Appendix E
E-l
List of Contacts
-------
-------
list of Federal Contacts
-------
-------
Federal Contacts
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds
Marine Pollution Control Branch
Marine Discharge Section
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-8484
Contact: Joel Salter
U.S. Department of Transportation
United States Coast Guard
Marine Safety, Security and Environmental
Protection
Marine Environmental Protection Division
Prevention and Enforcement Branch
2100 2nd Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20593
(202) 267-6716
Contact: Cdr. Lewis Beach
United States Coast Guard
Marine Safety, Security and Environmental
Protection
Merchant Vessel Inspection and
Documentation Division
Survival System Branch
2100 2nd Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20593
(202) 267-1444
Contact: Brian Berringer
United States Coast Guard
Navigation Safety and Waterway Services
Auxiliary Boating and Consumer Affairs
Division
Boating Education Branch
2100 2nd Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20593
(202) 267-0992
Contact: Hunt Anderson
U.S. Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
Administration Office
Procurement, Grants and Administrative
Services
Grants Management Division
Grants Operations Branch
1325 East-West Highway
Silver Spring, MD 20910
(301) 713-0926
Contact: Jean West
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
National Ocean Service
Office of Coastal Resource Management
Coastal Programs Division
1825 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20235
(301) 713-3102
Contact: Peyton Robertson
U.S. Department of Defense
Department of the Army
Chief of Staff
Chief of Engineers
Civil Works
Operations, Construction and Readiness
Regulatory Branch
20 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20314
(202) 272-1785
Contact: John Studt
Department of the Navy
Logistics
Environmental Protection and Occupational
Safety & Health
The Pentagon
Washington, DC 20350-2000
(703) 602-9432
Contact: Lt. Cdr. Chris Kazmarik
Appendix E
E-3
List of Contacts
-------
Federal Contacts (Cont'd)
U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services j
Food and Drug Administration
Office of Seafood
Shellfish Sanitation Branch
200 C Street, S.W., HFF-513
Washington, DC 20204
(202) 254-3971
Contact: Ron Varsaci
U.S. Department of the Interior
Fish, Wildlife and Parks
Fish and Wildlife Service
Federal Aid Division
Arlington Square
4401 N. Fairfax Drive
Arlington, VA 22203
(703) 358-1845
Contact: Robert Pacific
Fish, Wildlife and Parks
National Park Service
Planning and Development
Recreation Grants Division
1849 C Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20240
(202) 343-3700
Contact: Sam Hall
Other
National Sea Grant Depository
University of Rhode Island
Pell Library Bldg./Bay Campus
Narragansett, RI 02882
(401) 792-6114
Contact: Cynthia Murray
List of Contacts
E-4
Appendix E
-------
List of Regional Contacts
-------
-------
Regional Program Contacts
EPA Region I
JFK Federal Building - WQE 425
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 565-4424
Contact: Ann Rodney
EPA Region II
Jacob K. Javits Building
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278
(212) 264-7674
Contact: Anne Reynolds
EPA Region III
841 Chestnut Building
Philadelphia, PA 19107
(215) 597-3697
Contact: Ed Ambrogio
EPA Region IV
345 Courtland St. N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
(404) 347-1740
Contact: Rol Ferry or Patrick Ewing
EPA Region VI
First Interstate Bank Tower at Fountain
Place
1445 Ross Avenue, 12th Floor, Suite 1200
Dallas, TX 75202
(214) 655-6697 or 655-6696
Contact: Mike Wagner or Wanda Boyd
EPA Region IX
75 Hawthorn Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415) 744-1962
Contact: Jeff Roseblum
EPA Region X
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
(206) 553-0966 or 553-2581
Contact: Jack Gakstatter or Jerry Larrance
Appendix E
E-5
List of Contacts
-------
-------
List of State and Local Contacts
* State Boating Law Administration!;
* Coastal Zone Management Offices
• Other State/Local Contacts
-------
-------
State Boating Law Administration Contacts
Alabama
Department of Conservation & Natural
Resources
Marine Police Division
Folsom Administrative Bldg.
Montgomery, AL 36130
(205) 242-3673
Contact: Bill Gardner
Alaska
U.S. Coast Guard
Federal Building
P.O. Box 3-5000
Juneau, AK 99802-1217
(907) 463-2065
Contact: Dennis O'Mara
Arizona
Game & Fish Department
2222 W. Greenway Road
Phoenix, AZ 85023
(602) 942-3000
Contact: Randall Fricke
Arkansas
Game & Fish Commission
Boating Safety Section
2 Natural Resources Drive
Little Rock, AR 72205
(501) 223-6377
Contact: Butch Potts
California
Department of Boating & Waterways
1629 S Street
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 445-6281
Contact: Bill Curry
Colorado
Division of Parks & Outdoor Recreation
13787 S. Highway 85
Littleton, CO 80125
(303) 791-1957
Contact: Dennis George
Connecticut
Dept. of Environmental Protection
Office of Boating Safety
P.O. Box 280, 333 Ferry Road
Old Lyme, CT 06371
(203) 434-8638
Contact: Richard Potter
Delaware
Division of Fish & Wildlife
Richardson & Robbins Bldg.
Dover, DE 19903
(302)739-3440
Contact: Lynn Herman
District of Columbia
Metropolitan Police Department
Harbor Patrol
550 Water Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20024
(202) 727-4582
Contact: Ronnie Thompson
Florida
Department of Natural Resources
Florida Marine Police
3900 Commonwealth Blvd.
Tallahassee, FL 32399-3000
(904) 488-5600
Contact: Lt. Radford
Georgia
Department of Natural Resources
Game & Fish Division
Law Enforcement Section
Boating Safety Office
2109-A U.S. Hwy. 278, SE
Social Circle, GA 30279
(404) 932-4641
Contact: Cpl. Edwards
Appendix E
E-7
List of Contacts
-------
Administration Contacts (Cont'd)
State Boating Law
Hawaii
Department of Transportation
Harbors Division
79 S. Nimitz Highway
Honolulu, HI 96813
(808) 587-1963
Contact: Pat Torres
Idaho
Department of Parks & Recreation
Statehouse Hall
Boise, ID 83720
(208) 327-7444
Contact: Mark Brandt
Illinois
Department of Conservation
Division of Law Enforcement
524 S. Second Street
Springfield, IL 62701-1787
(217) 782-2138
Contact: Richard Lutz
Indiana
Department of Natural Resources
Law Enforcement Division
402 W. Washington Street
Indianapolis, IN 46204
(317) 232-4010
Contact: Lt. Charles Shannon
Iowa
Department of Natural .Resources
State Conservation Commission
Wallace State Office Bldg.
Des Moines, IA 50319-0034 j
(515) 281-5145 !
Contact: Wilma Carpenter and Wayjie
Farrand
Kansas
Department of Wildlife & Parks
Route 2, Box 54A
Pratt, KS 67124
(316) 672-5911
Contact: Jeff Gayer
Kentucky
Department of Natural Resources
Water Patrol
107 Metro Street
Frankfort, KY 40601
(502) 564-3074
Contact: Donovan Smith
Louisiana
Department of Wildlife & Fisheries
2000 Quail Drive
Baton Rouge, LA 70898-9000
(504) 765-2988
Maine
Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife
284 State Street
Augusta, ME 04333
(207) 289-2766
Contact: Bill Vernon
Maryland
Department of Natural Resources
Boating Administration
Tawes State Office Building
Annapolis, MD 21401
(410) 974-2918
Contact: Don O'Neill
Massachusetts
Division of Law Enforcement
100 Nashua Street
Boston, MA 02114
(617) 727-3900
List of Contacts
E-8
Appendix E
-------
State Boating Law Administration Contacts (Cont'd)
Michigan
Department of Natural Resources
Law Enforcement Division
Steven T. Mason Bldg.
Lansing, MI 48909
(517) 335-3414
Contact: Sgt. Lyle Belknap
Minnesota
Department of Natural Resources
Boat & Water Safety Section
500 Lafayette Road
St. Paul, MN 55155
(619) 296-3336
Mississippi
Department of Wildlife Conservation
P.O. Box 451
Jackson, MS 39205
(601) 364-2187
Missouri
Department of Public Safety
State Water Patrol
2728 Plaza Drive
Jefferson City, MO 65109
(314) 751-3333
Contact: Larry Whitten
Montana
Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks
Boating Safety Division
1420 E. 6th Street
Helena, MT 59620
(406) 444-2615
Contact: Dale Graff
Nebraska
Game & Parks Commission
2200 N. 33rd Street
Lincoln, NE 68503
(402) 471-0641
Contact: Leroy Orvis
Nevada
Department of Wildlife
Division of Law Enforcement
P.O. Box 10678
Reno, NV 89520-0022
(702) 688-1500
Contact: Fred Messmen
New Hampshire
Department of Safety Marine Patrol
RFD 8, Box 31
Guilford, NH 03246
(603) 293-2037
New Jersey
State Police
Marine Law Enforcement Bureau
Box 7068
West Trenton, NJ 08628-0068
, (609) 882-2000
New Mexico
Natural Resources Department
Boating Safety Section
P.O. Box 1147
Santa Fe, NM 87504-1147
(505) 827-1147
Contact: David Skasik
New York
Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic
Preservation
Marine & Recreational Vehicles
Agency Bldg. 1
Empire State Plaza
Albany, NY 12238
(518) 474-0445
North Carolina
Wildlife Resources Commission
Archdale Bldg.
Raleigh, NC 27604-1188
(919) 733-7191
Appendix E
E-9
List of Contacts
-------
State Boating Lajv Administration Contacts (Cont'd)
North Dakota
Game & Fish Department
100 N. Bismarck Expressway
Bismarck, ND 58501-5095
(701) 221-6300
Contact: Wilma Pich
Ohio
Department of Natural Resources
Division of Watercraft
Fountain Square C-2
Columbus, OH 43224-1387
(614) 265-6420
Contact: John Wargo
Oklahoma
Department of Public Safety
3600 N. Martin Luther King
Oklahoma City, OK 73111
(405) 425-2143
Contact: Bob Sanders
Oregon
State Marine Board
Boating Facilities Program
435 Commercial St. N.E.
Salem, OR 97310
(503) 373-1405
Contact: Valerie Hoy
Pennsylvania
Fish and Boat Commission
P.O. Box 67000
Harrisburg, PA 17106-7000
(717) 657-4538
Contact: John Simmons
Rhode Island
Department of Environmental Management
Boat Registration Office \
22 Hayes Street i
Providence, RI 02908 j
(401) 277-6647
Contact: David Chopy
South Carolina
Wildlife & Marine Resources Department
Division of Boating
P.O. Box 12559
Charleston, SC 29412-2559
(803) 795-6350
Contact: Rob Dunlap
South Dakota
Department of Game Fish & Parks
523 E. Capitol Street
Pierre, SD 57501-3182
(605) 773-3630
Contact: Bill Shattuck
Tennessee
Wildlife Resources Agency
P.O. Box 40747
Ellington Agricultural Center
Nashville, TN 37204
(615) 781-6500
Contact: Ed Carter
Texas
Parks & Wildlife Department
4200 Smith School Road
Austin, TX 78744
(512) 389-4850
Contact: Dexter Harris
U.S. Virgin Islands
Department of Planning & Natural
Resources
Nisky Center Suite 231
45 A Estate Nisky
Charlotte Amalie
St. Thomas, VI 00802
(809)774-3320
Contact: Joseph Sutton
List of Contacts
E-10
Appendix E
-------
State Boating Law Administration Contacts (Cont'd)
Utah
Division of Parks & Recreation
1636 W. North Temple Street
Salt Lake City, UT 84116
(801) 538-3000
Contact: Ted Woolley
Vermont
Vermont State Police Headquarters
103 S. Main Street
Waterbury, Vermont 05671
(802) 244-8778
Contact: Sgt. Allen Buck
Virginia
Commission of Game & Inland Fisheries
4010 W. Broad Street
Richmond, VA 23230
(804) 367-1000
Contact: Al Golding
Washington
State Paries & Recreation Commission
7150 Cleanwater Lane
Olympia, WA 98505
(206) 586-8592
Contact: Doug Strong
West Virginia
Department of Natural Resources
Law Enforcement Division
Capitol Complex, Bldg. 3
Charleston, WV 25305
(304) 558-2783
Contact: Richard M. Hall
Wisconsin
Department of Natural Resources
Bureau of Law Enforcement
101 S. Webster Street
P.O. Box 7921
Madison, WI 53707
(608) 266-0859
Contact: Bill Engfer
Wyoming
Department of Game & Fish
5400 Bishop Blvd.
Cheyenne, WY 82006
(307) 777-8683
Appendix E
E-ll
List of Contacts
-------
State Coastal Zone Management Office Contacts
Alabama
Alabama Department of Economic
Community Affairs
P.O. Box 5690
401 Adams Avenue
Montgomery, AL 36203-5690
(205) 242-5502
Contact: Clyde Chapman
Alaska
Office of Management & Budget
Division of Governmental Coordination
Box AW-0165 !
Juneau, AK 99811-0165 j
(907) 465-3562 j
Contact: Gretchen Keiser
American Samoa •
Government of American Samoa ;
Development Planning Office •
Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799
(684) 633-5155 |
Contact: Pete Galea'i j
California i
45 Fremont Street j
Suite 2000 ;
San Francisco, CA 94105-2219 '
(415)904-5200 !
Contact: Gabriela Goldfarb ;
Connecticut j
Department of Environmental Protection
Long Island .Sound Programs
79 Elm Street !
Hartford, CT 06102-5066 j
(203) 566-7404 ;
Contacts: Art J. Rocque, Jr. and Laurie
Rardin <
Delaware
Department of Natural Resources and
Environmental Control
89 Kings Highway
Dover, DE 19903
(302) 739-3451
Contact: Sarah Cooksey
Florida
Department of Community Affairs
Rhyne Building
2740 Centerview Drive
Tallahassee, FL 32399-2100
(904) 922-5438
Contact: Rosalyn KHcollins
Georgia
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Coastal Resources Division
1200 Glynn Avenue
One Conservation Way
Brunswick, GA 31523-8600
(912) 264-7218
Contact: Ron Michaels
Guam
Government of Guam
Bureau of Planning
P.O. Box 2950
Agana, Guam 96910
(671) 472-4201
Contact: Mike Ham
awan
Office of State Planning
Coastal Zone Management Division
P.O. Box 3540
Honolulu, HI 96811-3540
(808) 587-2875
Contact: Douglas Tom
List of Contacts
E-12
Appendix E
-------
State Coastal Zone Management Office Contacts (Cont'd)
Indiana
Department of Natural Resources
Division of Water
100 W. Water Street
Michigan City, IN 46360
(219) 874-8316
Contact: Stephen Davis
Louisiana
Department of Natural Resources
Coastal Management Division
P.O. Box 44487
625 North Fourth Street
Baton Rouge, LA 70802
(504) 342-7591
Contact: Dr. Terry Howey
Maine
Executive Department
State Planning Office
State House Station #38
Augusta, ME 04333
(207) 287-3261
Contact: William Ferdinand, Jr.
Maryland
Department of Natural Resources
Coastal & Watershed Resources Division
Tawes State Office Building
500 Taylor Avenue
Annapolis, MD 21401
(410) 974-2784
Contact: Bruce Gilmore
Massachusetts
Executive Office of Environmental Affairs
Coastal Management Program
100 Cambridge Street
Boston, MA 02202
(617) 727-9530
Contacts: Jeff Benoit and Rick Zeroka
Michigan
Department of Natural Resources
Land & Water Management Division
Great Lakes Shorelands Section
530 W. Allegan Street, 6th Floor
Steven T. Mason Building
Lansing, MI 48933
(517) 373-1950
Contact: Chris Shafer
Minnesota
Department of Natural Resources
Division of Waters
1201 E. Highway 2
Grand Rapids, MN 55744
(218) 327-4416
Contact: Daniel Retka
Mississippi
Mississippi Department of Wildlife,
Fisheries, and Parks
Coastal Management Division
Bureau of Marine Resources
2620 West Beach Boulevard
Biloxi, MS 39531
(601) 385-5860
Contact: Sandra Fioranelli and Gary Quavis
New Hampshire
Office of State Planning
Coastal Program
2% Beacon Street
Concord, NH 03301
(603) 271-2155
Contact: Chris Nash
New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection &
Energy
Office of Land & Water Planning
CN 423
Trenton, NJ 08625-0423
(609) 292-1875
Contact: Steve Whitney
Appendix E
E-13
List of Contacts
-------
State Coastal Zone Management Office Contacts (Cont'd)
New York
Department of State
Division of Coastal Resources & Waterfront
Revitalization
162 Washington Street
Albany, NY 12231
(518) 474-3643 ;
Contact: George Stafford j
j
North Carolina i
Division of Coastal Management i
P.O. Box 27687 '.
225 N. McDowell Street, Room 6048
Cooper Building, 6th Floor ,
Raleigh, NC 27611 j
(919) 733-2293 j
Contact: Roger Schecter
Northern Marianas ,
Commonwealth of the Northern Majriana
Islands |
Office of the Governor
Coastal Resources Management
2nd Floor Morgen Building
San Jose Saipan, Mariana Islands 9^950
(670) 234-6623
Contact: Joaquin Villagomez
Ohio
Office of Real Estate & Land Management
Building C-4, Fountain Square
1952 Belcher Drive
Columbus, OH 43224-1387
(614) 265-6413
Contact: Mike Colvin
Oregon
Department of Land Conservation
Development
Coastal & Ocean Program Management
800 N.E. Oregon Street, #18
Portland, OR 97232
(614) 265-6413
Contact: Eldon Hout
Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Resources
Bureau of Land & Water Conservation
Division of Coastal Programs
P.O. Box 8555
400 Market Street, llth Floor
Harrisburg, PA 17105-8555
(717) 787-2529
Contact: E. James Tabor
Puerto Rico
Department of Natural Resources
Coastal Management Office
P.O. Box 5887
Puerta de Tierra, PR 00906
(809) 724-5516
Contact: Jose Gonzlez Liboy
Rhode Island
Coastal Resources Management Council
Policy Division
Stedman Office Building
Tower Hill Road
Wakefield, RI 02879
(401) 277-2476
Contact: Jeff Willis
South Carolina
South Carolina Coastal Council
Ashley Corporate Center
4130 Faber Place, Suite 300
Charleston, SC 29405
(803) 744-5838
Contact: Richard Chinnis
Texas
Texas General Land Office
Coastal Division
Stephen F. Austin Building
1700 No. Congress Street
Austin, TX 78701
(512) 463-5193
Contact: Diana Ramirez
List of Contacts
E-14
Appendix E
-------
State Coastal Zone Management Office Contacts (Cont'd)
U.S. Virgin Islands
Department of Planning & Natural
Resources
Division of Environmental Protection
Nisky Shopping Center, Suite 45
Charlotte Amalie
St. Thomas, Virgin Islands 00802
(809) 774-3320
Contact: Joan Harrigan-Farrelly and
Leonard Reed
Virginia
Department of Environmental Quality
Public and Intergovernmental Affairs Coastal
Program
202 North Ninth Street
Suite 900
Richmond, VA 23219
(804)786-4500
Contact: Ann Brooks
Washington
Department of Ecology
Shorelands & Coastal Zone Management
Program
State of Washington
P.O. Box 47600
Olympia, WA 98504-7600
(206) 459-6777
Contact: D. Rodney Mack
Wisconsin
Department of Administration
Division of Energy & Intergovernmental
Relations
Wisconsin Coastal Management Program
P.O. Box 7868
101 East Wilson Street, 6th Floor
Madison, WI 53707-7868
(608) 266-8269
Contact: Oscar Herrera and Gary Schultz
Appendix E
E-15
List of Contacts
-------
Other State and Local Contacts
Alaska
Department of Environmental Conservation
Water Quality Division
Juneau, AK
(907) 465-5276
Contact: Dave Sturdevant
California
City of Avalon
Santa Catalina Island
P.O. Box 1085
Avalon, CA 90704
(310) 510-0535
Contact: JohnRomo
[
Delaware ,
Department of Natural Resources and
Environmental Control
Wetlands and Aquatic Protection Branch
Division of Water Resources
89 Kings Highway
P.O. Box 1401
Dover, DE 19903
(302) 739-4691
Contact: Laura Herr
Hawaii
Department of Land and Natural Resources
Boating and Ocean Recreation Division
Honolulu, HI !
(808) 587-1975 :
Contact: Dave Parsons |
i
i
Illinois i
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
Water Quality Division
Permit Section
Springfield, IL
(217) 782-0610
Contact: Tom McSwiggin
Department of Environmental Management
Water Quality Surveillance and Standards
Branch
105 S. Meridian Street
Indianapolis, IN 46225
(317) 243-5028
Contact: John Winters
Louisiana
Department of Environmental Quality
Office of Water Resources
Water Quality Management Division
Baton Rouge, LA
(504) 295-8911
Contact: Al Hindrichs
Department of Environmental Quality
Office of Water Resources
Water Quality Management Division
Capital Region Office
Baton Rouge, LA
(504) 295-8480
Contact: Chris Piehler
Massachusetts
Nantucket Town Pier
34 Washington Street
Nantucket, MA 02554
(508)228-7260
Contact: Dave Fronzuto
Michigan
All Seasons Marine, Inc.
South Haven, MI
(616) 637-3655
Contact: Bob Giesler
List of Contacts
E-16
Appendix E
-------
Other State and Local Contacts (Cont'd)
Minnesota
Pollution Control Agency
Water Quality Division
Industrial Section
520 Lafayette Road
St. Paul, MN 55155
(612) 297-1832
Contact: Doug Hall
Minnesota
Pollution Control Agency
St. Paul, MN
(612) 296-0905
Contact: Kim Elverum
Mississippi
Department of Environmental Quality
Office of Pollution Control
(601) 961-5151
Contact: Jim Morris
New Hampshire
Department of Environmental Services
Water Quality Permits and Compliance
Bureau
Concord, NH
(603) 271-2547
Contact: Patricia Chesebrough
New York
Sea Grant Extension Program of the New
York Sea Grant Institute
SUNY at Stony Brook
125 Nassau Hall
Stony Brook, NY 11794
(516) 632-8730
Contact: Jay Tanski
North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
Water Quality Planning
512 N. Salisbury Street
P.O. Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27604
(919) 733-5083
Contact: Gregory Thorpe
Ohio
Department of Health
Columbus, OH
(614) 466-1390
Contact: Steven Binns
Rhode Island
Block Island Harbors Department
New Harbor
Block Island, RI 02807
(401) 466-3204
Contact: Larry Constantine
Department of Environmental Management
Water Resources Quality Division
Providence, RI
(401) 277-3961
Contact: David Chopy
South Carolina
Department of Health and Environmental
Control
Bureau of Water Pollution Control
Water Quality Certification and Wetlands
Programs Section
Charleston, SC
(803)734-5229
Contact: Sally Knowles
Appendix E
E-17
List of Contacts
-------
Other State and Local Contacts (Cont'd)
Virginia
Department of Health
Office of Water Programs
Division of Wastewater Engineering
1500 E. Main Street
Room 109-31
Richmond, VA 23219
(804) 786-1761
Contact: Al Golding
Washington
Department of Ecology
Water Resources Division
3190 160th Avenue
Bellevue, WA 98008
(206) 649-7278
Puget Sound Water Quality Authority
P.O. Box 40900
Olympia, WA 98504-0900
(206) 493-9300
Contact: JoAnn Polk
Wisconsin
Department of Natural Resources
Madison, WI
(608) 266-5893
Contact: Tom Newbauer
List of Contacts
E-18
Appendix E
-------
Appendix F:
Annotated List of References Related to the Discharge of Vessel Sewage
-------
-------
Table of Contents
Page
Introduction : F-l
Reference List A: Marinas F-7
Reference List B: Vessels F-27
Reference List C: Other F-39
APPENDICES:
List of Document Titles F-47
Glossary F-51
EXHIBIT:
Key Word Guide to Annotated Reference List F-5
Annotated Reference List
Table of Contents
-------
-------
Annotated List of References Related to
the Discharge of Vessel Sewage
INTRODUCTION
The following reference list consists of 39 pieces of literature related to the problem of
sewage discharge from vessels. Each reference includes bibliographic information, key
words related to the document, and an abstract to summarize the key ideas expressed in the
document. The types of documents included, the reason for inclusion, the organization of
the reference list, and the elements of the reference entry are described below.
Reference Inclusion Criteria
This annotated reference list is limited to the problem of sewage discharge from vessels. The
reference list covers the technical, organizational, economic, and behavioral aspects of the
issue. It was not designed to, nor does it, focus on the scientific aspects of the water quality
issues of vessel sewage. Documents which address scientific procedures for water quality
assessment or other topics were included only if they also include substantial material related
to the problem of sewage discharge from vessels and if they satisfy the other criteria. The
key words identified for each document focus on the issue of sewage discharge from vessels
as discussed in the document. They may not represent a comprehensive subject list for the
document. Although there are other types of pollution originating from vessels and marinas
(i.e., fuel, solid waste), these pollutants are only covered in this list if the document also
discussed the vessel sewage discharge problem.
The reference list includes documents published within the last 10 years, with two exceptions.
The exceptions were included because the content of these documents was unique to the
literature. Approximately three-quarters of the references included in the list were published
since 1989.
Although a thorough search was conducted to identify the references reviewed, the list should
not be taken as an exhaustive list of references on this topic.
Organization of Reference List
The reference list is organized into three sections: (1) Reference List A: Marinas; (2)
Reference List B: Vessels; and (3) Reference List C: Other. Within each list, the references
are organized alphabetically by author.
Reference List A contains documents that are focused primarily on the control of vessel
sewage discharge from the marina's perspective. For example, some of the topics covered
in these documents include sanitary waste facilities (pumpout and dump stations), issues
related to the treatment of sewage after collection from vessels, shellfish harvesting closure
areas around1 a marina, and issues related to sewage collection from live-aboards.
Annotated Reference List
F-l
Introduction
-------
Reference List B includes documents tjhat present information on the prevention of sewage
discharge from vessels. Literature included in this list covers topics such as the description
of marine sanitation devices (MSDs) and the related discharge laws, costs of retrofitting a
vessel with a MSD, issues surrounding discharge enforcement, ideas to promote voluntary
discharge compliance by boaters, and environmental impacts from MSD chemicals.
Reference List C includes documents! that contain information either on vessel sewage
discharge or on general water quality issues related to vessel-generated sewage.
Reference Format |
A summary of each document is presented using a standard reference format. There are
three sections to each reference - ovenfiew, bibliographic information, and abstract. At the
top of each reference entry is a "Reference No." to allow for cross-referencing.
The overview of the document, that is,
the top section of the reference, provides key words
related to the document, principal geographic area on which the document focuses, and
document type.
• Key Words. This section of the reference entry lists the applicable key words
located in the document related to the discharge of sewage from vessels. The
words listed in parentheses are subcategories of the key word. One or more of
these subcategories are included in parentheses in the reference key word list. A
glossary is provided in the h.st section of this document. The master key word
list, in alphabetical order, is:
,1
Discharge complianc^
Dump station (costs, jsquipment, and options)
Education ;
Enforcement (issues and procedures)
Environmental impacts (MSD chemicals, pumpouts, and sewage)
Fecal coliform level
Federal laws
Live-aboards
Local government rolu
MSDs (costs, definitions, issues, and laws)
No Discharge Areas
Nonpoint source polhition
Occupancy rates
Portable toilets
Pumpout facility (compliance, costs, equipment, grant programs, issues,
operation/maintenance
, options, and permit process)
Sewage loading rates
Sewage treatment (issues and options)
Shellfish harvesting buffer zones
State laws
Survey
Introduction
F-2
Annotated Reference List
-------
• Geographic Area (Geog. Area). This reference category provides the geographic
area (U.S., specific state, specific waterbody, etc.) for which the document was
written. Many of the documents included in the list were written for a specific
area (e.g., Puget Sound, Washington), but the information provided in the
document has a universal application.
• Document Type (Doc. Type). The references were categorized into eight
document types in an attempt to provide more information on each document and
to assist in locating it. The majority of the documents referenced are Federal and
state government documents. The list also includes conference papers, fact sheets,
journal articles, guidance documents, academe reports, and magazine articles.
In one case, only one chapter in a government report is referenced because of the
length of the report and the irrelevancy of the other sections.
The middle section of the reference entry provides bibliographic information. The document
author(s), sponsor, publisher, publication date, title, location in a document, identification
number, number of pages or page numbers, and any other pertinent information are provided
in this section. An "N/A" appears for any category not applicable to a particular entry.
• Author(s). This element provides the author name(s), if individuals, or the
company name or government agency responsible for preparing the document.
If the author is an individual, the person's affiliation is provided in parentheses
after his/her name. If the affiliation is not provided, then it is assumed that the
individual is affiliated with the sponsor on the line below.
• Sponsor. This category provides the name(s) of the organization or government
agency that provided funding for preparation of the document. Often, this should
be the initial contact when trying to locate a copy of the document.
• Publisher. This information is provided for conference papers, journal articles,
and magazine articles. The publisher is a good alternate contact if the document
cannot be located through a local library.
• Publication Date (Pub. Date). The publication date provides some insight into
how current the information is and further assists in the location of the document.
• Title. The title is an essential piece of information for locating a document. The
title also provides additional information about the document (for instance, if only
one part of the document is discussed hi the abstract, the title will indicate what
the entire document is about).
• In. This category provides the main source (i.e., conference proceedings, journal)
of the document for conference papers, journal articles, and magazine articles.
• Identification Number (D3 Number). The document identification number
should be used when trying to locate a copy of a document. There are several
types of identification numbers used, when appropriate, in this reference list. The
Annotated Reference List
F-3
Introduction
-------
first type is a document tracking number issued by the National Sea Grant
Depository. Loaner copies for references with a "NSGD #" (e.g., RIU-E-92-002)
can be obtained from: ;
National Sea Grant Depository, Pell Library Building
University of Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay Campus
Narragansett, RI 0^282
(401)792-6114 I
i
i
The second document identification number is a Federal government number. For
example, EPA-904/6-85-132 is a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.
EPA) document. In several cases, the National Technical Information Service
(NTIS) number is provided! hi parentheses after the government number. For
documents with a "NTIS #"! provided, the document can be ordered from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Rojjd
Springfield, VA 22}61
(703)487-4650 j
The third type of document (identification provided is the contract number under
which the document was prepared. This number may assist in the location of a
specific document from the (author, sponsor, or publisher. The last identifier is
the volume number for journal articles, which also expedites the search process.
• Pages. The number of pages hi a document and an indication of whether or not
the document has appendices is provided for the reference list user. For several
of the conference papers anc: all of the journal and magazine articles, the pages
on which the paper or article can be found hi the proceedings, journal, or
magazine are provided in place of number of pages.
• Other. Any additional information about a document that gives further insight to
its content or location is proyided hi this category.
The last section of the reference entry provides an abstract of the document referenced. This
content summary provides additional information on the document and allows the reference
list user to decide whether the document is. valuable enough to locate.
Guidelines on Reference List Use !
i
There are three primary methods by which an individual can make use of this reference list.
The first method is simply paging through the entire list to grasp an understanding of the
literature currently available on the toj>ic of sewage discharge from vessels. A second
approach is to turn to the following tabte of key words relevant to this topic and look up the
references (by "Reference No.") that arp of interest by key word. The third method is to
scan the alphabetical list of document titles (located at the end of the annotated reference list)
which are cross-referenced to the corresponding reference by the "Reference No.".
Introduction
F-4
Annotated Reference List
-------
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Introduction
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference List A: Marinas
-------
-------
Reference No. A-l
*******************************************************************
Key Words: Discharge compliance; Enforcement (issues and procedures); Federal laws;
MSDs (definitions and laws); No Discharge Areas
Geog. Area: U.S;
Doc. Type: Government Report
Author(s): Amaral, M. and V. Lee (University of Rhode Island)
Sponsor: Rhode Island Sea Grant; and University of Rhode Island, Coastal
Resources Center
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: July 1992
Title: Federal Regulations: Coastal Structures, Environmental Protection, and
Boating Safety, Module E: Harboranaster Reference Series
In: N/A . . .
ID Number: NSGD #: RlU-E-92-002
Pages: 28 pp. (plus appendices)
Other: N/A
Abstract:
Federal regulations which are most pertinent for harbormasters are
presented in this report. The first section presents the Federal guidelines
for the placement of objects; or structures in navigable waters as regulated
by the Army Corps of Engineers. The second section presents elements
of the Federal Code of Regulations, which are administered by the Coast
Guard, pertaining to boating safety and water quality impacted by boating.
The second section specifically provides Federal regulations and other
information related to MSDs and the definition, designation, and
enforcement of No Discharge Areas. [Adapted from document]
Annotated Reference List
F-7
Marinas
-------
*******************************
Reference No. A-2
*******************************************
*
KeyWords: Discharge compliance; Education; Enforcement (procedures); Live-
aboards; Pumpout facility (operation/maintenance)
Geog. Area: U.S. ;
Doc. Type: Conference Paper
Author(s): Bleier, A. (KECO/Pump-A-Head, San Diego, CA)
Sponsor: N/A
Publisher: International Marin^ Institute (Wickford, RI)
Pub. Date: 1991
Title: Waste Management/Marine Sanitation
In: 1991 National Applied Marina Research Conference
ID Number: N/A \
Pages: 4 pp.
Other: N/A
Abstract: This paper describes several waste management methods that marina
operators can use to help boaters properly dispose of their waste. Three
boater waste types!are described: (1) solid waste (including hazardous
waste); (2) recyclable waste; and (3) sanitary waste. A brief description
of each waste type1 is provided in addition to suggestions for marinas to
encourage boater participation, including boater education (i.e., proper
signage, convenience, newsletters). The section on sanitary waste
provides information on: maintaining clean, operable pumpout stations;
tying sanitary waste disposal compliance into the mar ma's slip rental
agreement; placing jdye tablets into boater's holding tanks; requiring live-
aboards to follow certain sanitary waste disposal procedures; and including
the pumpout servicj cost in the slip rental rates.
******************************* ********************************************
Marinas
F-8
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. A-3
Key Words: Education; Enforcement (issues and procedures); Environmental impacts
(MSD chemicals and sewage); Federal laws; Local government role;
MSDs (costs, definitions, issues, and. laws); No Discharge Areas; Portable
toilets; Pumpout facility (grant programs, issues, and options); Sewage
treatment (issues and options); Shellfish harvesting buffer zones; State
laws; Survey
Geog. Area: Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts
Doc. Type: Government Report
Author(s): The Coalition for Buzzards Bay and the Buzzards Bay Project
Sponsor: The Buzzards Bay Project (Massachusetts Executive Office of
Environmental Affairs; and U.S. EPA)
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: November 1990
Title: An Assessment of Marine Pump-Out Facilities in Buzzards Bay
In: N/A
ID Number: N/A
Pages: 99 pp.
Other: N/A
Abstract: This report presents the findings of a survey conducted for the Coalition
for Buzzards Bay and the Buzzards Bay Project, in the ten towns on
Buzzards Bay, of existing marine pumpout facilities and the need for such
facilities in the future. For each town, the report provides: a profile of
the town, description of the coastal embayments, summary of any
proposed vessel sanitary waste handling or treatment facilities, and
recommendations on how to most efficiently implement or strengthen the
town's pumpout program. The report presents some bay-wide
recommendations for sanitary waste handling and treatment. The report
also provides information on treatment of vessel sewage in Buzzards Bay,
sewage discharge enforcement issues, alternatives to traditional marine
pumpouts, funding vehicles for marine pumpout facilities, holding tank
retrofitting costs, and information needs for the future. [Adapted from
document]
Annotated Reference List
F-9
Marinas
-------
Reference No. A-4
Key Words: Dump station (equprnent); Environmental impacts! (MSD chemicals,
pumpouts, and sewzge); Federal laws; MSDs (issues); Pumpout facility
(costs, equipment, grant programs, operation/maintenance, options, and
permit process); Sewage treatment (issues and options); State laws
Geog. Area: Maryland |
Doc. Type: Guidance Document
Author(s): Coastal Technology' Inc.
j
Sponsor: Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Boat Administration
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: February 1990 \
Title: A Guidebook for Mtarina Owners and Operators on the Installation and
Operation of Sewage Pumpout Stations
In: N/A j :
ID Number: N/A •
Pages: 19 pp. (plus appendices)
Other: N/A i
Abstract: This guidance document provides an overview of the installation and
operation of sewage jumpout and dump stations. Various pumpout station
options and their re ated costs are provided along with a discussion of
several sewage collection and disposal methods. The document briefly
describes the pumpir g equipment, piping, fitting, hoses, and holding tanks
needed to develop an effective pumpout station. Suggested parameters are
also provided for poi-table toilet dump stations. The process for obtaining
pumpout station construction permits at Federal, state, and local
government levels (in Maryland) is also provided. A brief discussion of
pumpout station le»al requirements and operation and maintenance
procedures is included. The appendices provide pumpout equipment
brochures (with diag'ams), a list of Maryland wastewater treatment plants,
a list of local Maryland permitting agencies, a sample Maryland
Department of Naural Resources (DNR) pumpout facility permit
application, and a sample Maryland DNR pumpout facility grant
application. j
Marinas
F-10
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. A-5
Key Words: Dump station (options); Education; Environmental impacts (sewage); Fecal
coliform level; Federal laws; Live-aboards; MSDs (definitions and laws);
No Discharge Areas; Portable toilets; Pumpout facility (options); Shellfish
harvesting buffer zones; State laws
Geog. Area: Delaware
Doc. Type: Guidance Document
Author(s): Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control,
Division of Water Resources
Sponsor: (see author)
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: August 1990
Title: State of Delaware Marina Guidebook: A Guidance Document for
Locating, Planning and Designing Marinas
In: N/A
ID Number: N/A
Pages: 64 pp.
Other: N/A
Abstract: This guidebook presents information on the marina permitting and
licensing process hi Delaware, marina alterations, marina operation and
maintenance plans, and requirements for siting and designing new marinas.
The guidebook discusses shellfish harvesting buffer zones. Proper sanitary
waste-handling procedures for marinas, such as holding tank pumpout
facilities, portable toilet dump facilities, shoreside sanitary facilities, and
live-aboard sewage hookups are also discussed. Although this guidebook
is targeted toward Delaware marinas, some of the information is applicable
to marinas in other states.
Annotated Reference List
F-ll
Marinas
-------
Reference No. A-6
******************************|=********************************************
i
Key Words: Fecal coliform lev£l; Occupancy rates
Geog. Area: North Carolina i
Doc. Type: Government Report
Author(s): Fisher, J.S., R.R. jPerdue, M.F. Overton, M.D. Sobsey, and B.L. Sill
Sponsor: North Carolina Sea Grant; North Carolina Department of Administration;
and North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development, Division of Coastal Management
Publisher: N/A !
!
Pub. Date: January 1987 :
Title: A Comparison of Water Quality at Two Recreational Marinas During a
Peak-Use Period
In: N/A j • ...
ID Number: Sea Grant: NCU-Tf-87-001
Pages: 34 pp. j
Other: N/A I
Abstract: This study was undertaken as a pilot project to develop the experience and
data collection procedures needed to design a more comprehensive study
of the impacts of marinas on water quality. The study characterized the
relative flushing an two marinas using dye tracers, surveyed the number
of occupied vesse.s at the marinas, and systematically collected water
samples to measurj the concentrations of fecal coliform. The recreation
use pattern phasd of the study concluded that use patterns varied
dramatically between the two study sites. Any model developed to predict
the recreational use of marinas should include not only the number of
slips, but other sijte characteristics as well. It also concluded that the
composition of vessels in a marina needed further study. The data did not
support the assumption of many coliform concentration models that all
vessels in a marina will be used at some time during each day. Neither
traffic counts or parking lot counts provided an adequate explanation of
vessel use. The study results also indicated that data collection concerning
the identification o:r vessel owners using vessel registration numbers should
include the use of i vessel because some owners backed their vessels into
slips thereby rnakiag collection of registration numbers impossible.
***************************************************************************
Marinas
F-12
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. A-7
************************************************************************
Key Words: Dump station (equipment); Education; Enforcement (issues); Federal laws;
Live-aboards; MSDs (definitions, issues, and laws); Portable .toilets;
Pumpout facility (equipment, grant programs, issues, and options); Sewage
treatment (issues and options); State laws
Geog. Area: Washington
Doc. Type: Government Report
Author(s): Howard Edde, Inc.
Sponsor: Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: December 1991
Title: State of the Art Assessment of Boat Sewage Pumpout Program in
Washington State
In: N/A
D3 Number: N/A
Pages: 7 pp. (plus tables and appendices)-
Other: N/A
Abstract: This report provides an assessment of the Washington State effort to
furnish adequate pumpout facilities for boaters. The Washington State
Parks and Recreation Commission is the lead agency for this issue. The
report explains the agency's plan for controlling the discharge of vessel
sewage, which includes an extensive boater education program and
adequate sanitary waste reception facilities (pumpout and dump stations)
throughout the state. Findings from the study and recommendations for
improving the pumpout program are provided. Tables attached to the end
of the report provide the following useful information: Washington
Department of Ecology guidelines for pumpout facilities at new or
expanded marinas; model ordinance for establishing rules and regulations
for sewage disposal from vessels with live-aboards at marinas; mitigation
measures to control water pollution from live-aboards at marinas;
consolidated use figures at vessel pumpout facilities; vessel sewage
pumpout/dump station design criteria; and relevant sections of the 1991
Puget Sound Water Quality Management Plan.
***************************************************************************
Annotated Reference List
F-13
Marinas
-------
Reference No. A-8
1***********^
Key Words: Discharge compliai.ce; Environmental impacts (sewage); Fecal colifbrm
level; Federal laws; MSDs (definitions, issues, and laws); No Discharge
Areas; Portable toilets; Pumpout facility (costs, equipment, issues, and
options) ;
Geog. Area: U.S.
Doc. Type: Conference Paper
Author(s): Natchez, D.S. (Danel S. Natchez and Associates, Inc., Mamaroneck, NY)
Sponsor: New England Interstate Environmental Training Center (In cooperation
with: U.S. EPA, Region I; and New England Interstate Water Pollution
Control Commissioji)
Publisher: N/A |
i .'
Pub. Date: July 1992 ;
i
Title: Types of Pump Out Facilities
In: Operating and Managing Sewage Pump Out Facilities in New England,
July 30, 1992 ;
ro Number: N/A i
i
Pages: 11 pp. |
Other: N/A !
Abstract: This paper presents!me issues related to handling sanitary wastes from
vessels. The paper provides an overview of the water quality problems
which arise from both point and nonpoint pollution sources. The paper
describes the Federal MSD regulations and defines the three types of
MSDs. A brief discussion on No Discharge Areas and the need for
adequate pumpout facilities is also provided. The paper discusses the
correlation of proper sanitary vessel waste practices and improved water
quality based on ssveral previous studies and surveys. The paper
concludes by describing the advantages and disadvantages (i.e., costs,
convenience) of three types of sanitary waste pumpout facilities — portable
facilities, single location fixed systems (pumpout stations), and slip-side
systems. I
i
*******************************^*************
Marinas
F-14
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. A-9
If****************
Key Words: Discharge compliance; Environmental impacts (MSD chemicals and
sewage); Fecal coliform level; Federal laws; MSDs (definitions, issues,
and laws); No Discharge Areas; Pumpout facility (costs, issues, and
options); Sewage treatment (issues and options); State laws
Geog. Area: U.S.
Doc. Type: Conference Paper
Author(s): Natchez, D.S. (Daniel S. Natchez and Associates, Inc., Mamaroneck, .NY)
Sponsor: N/A
Publisher: International Marina Institute (Wickford, RI)
Pub. Date: 1990
Title: Marine Sanitation — Approaches, Benefits, Misconceptions and the
Impacts of the Chemicals Used
In: 1990 Environmental Management for Marinas Conference, September 5-7,
1990, Washington, D.C.
ID Number: N/A
Pages: 11 pp.
Other: N/A
Abstract: This paper examines different means of dealing with marine sanitation,
including the use of pumpout facilities in marinas and the
benefits/problems of using pumpout facilities both in terms of the
environment and the perception of the public and politicians. The paper
also discusses the effects of the chemicals commonly used in holding tanks
and other MSDs on the environment and sewage treatment processes. The
paper deals with many common misconceptions regarding the use of
pumpout facilities and MSDs in general, and the need for marina operators
to be more informed as to how to educate their patrons. [Adapted from
document]
Annotated Reference List
F-15
Marinas
-------
V.
Reference No. A-10
Key Words: Dump station (costs,
definitions, issues,
equipment, and options); Federal laws; MSDs (costs,
and laws); No Discharge Areas; Portable toilets;
Pumpout facility (compliance, costs, equipment, issues, and options);
Sewage treatment (issues and options); State laws; Survey
Geog. Area: New Jersey
Doc. Type: Government Report
Author(s): New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Coastal
Resources
Sponsor: U.S. Department ojf Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management
Publisher: N/A j
Pub. Date: January 1989 :
i
Title: The Availability of aind Demand for Sanitary Sewage Handling Facilities
on New Jersey's Coastal Waters
In: N/A j
ID Number: N/A
Pages: 36 pp. (plus appendices)
Other: A report to the State legislature as required by P.L. 1988 c. 117: The
Marine Sewage Treatment Act
Abstract: This report was prepared under a requirement of New Jersey's Marine
Sewage Treatment Act. The report assesses the availability of sewage
pumpout facilities aid portable toilet dump stations and the boater's
demand for these facilities in New Jersey. An overview of MSDs and the
different types of sanitary waste collection facilities is provided. Based on
a survey by the NeVv Jersey Sea Grant, the availability of public and
private pumpout statjons was evaluated. The report also estimated the
number of vessels that potentially need these sewage pumpout or dump
services. After a ccjmparison of the results was made, several options
were presented to fuihher control the discharge of vessel sewage into the
state's water. An addendum to this report (April 1989) further describes
recommendations resitting from this analysis.
Marinas
F-16
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. A-l 1
*****************************************************************
Key Words: Education; Live-aboards; No Discharge Areas; Portable toilets; Pumpout
facility (compliance and grant programs); State laws
Geog. Area: New Jersey
Doc. Type: Government Report
Author(s): New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Coastal
Resources
Sponsor: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: April 1989
Title: The Availability of and Demand for Sanitary Sewage Handling Facilities
on New Jersey's Coastal Waters: Addendum and Recommendations
In: N/A "
ID Number: N/A
Pages: 19 pp.
Other: A report to the State Legislature as required by P.L. 1988 c. 117: The
Marine Sewage Treatment Act
Abstract: This report is an addendum to the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection's report from January 1989. This report takes
the findings on availability of and demand for sanitary waste facilities in
New Jersey, presented in the previous report (see Reference No. A-8), arid
provides several draft proposed state regulations and recommends specific
legislative action. In addition, a boater education brochure with
information on marine sewage disposal practices and pumpout facility
locations hi New Jersey is presented as part of the plan to encourage
proper sanitary waste handling by boaters and marinas.
***************************************************************************
Annotated Reference List
F-17
Marinas
-------
Reference No. A-12
*******************************^***^^
Keywords:
Geog. Area:
Doc. Type:
Live-aboards; Pumpout facility (costs, equipment, and operation/
maintenance); Survey
New England Coastal States (CT, ME, MA, NH, RI)
i
Government Report
Author(s): Ross, N. and M. Anjiaral (International Marina Institute, Wickford, RI)
Sponsor: U.S. Environmental BProtection Agency, Region I
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: 1992
Title: New England Coastal Marine Pumpout Survey: EPA Region I
In: N/A
ID Number: N/A
Pages: 51 pp. (plus appendices)
Other: N/A
Abstract: This document presents the results of a 1991 survey of New England
coastal public and private marina facilities. Its purpose was to identify and
update the New England marina facility database, document the availability
of vessel sewage pumpout services, and determine the in-water vessel
storage capacity and related services of the identified marinas. The survey
results, based on an 81 percent response rate, are organized around the
following topics: puijnpout stations, pumpout operations and use, sewage
waste collection and jdisposal, boating facility use, live-aboards, cost of
installation and operation of pumpout stations, profile of a typical pumpout
station in New England, elements of pumpout success, and roles of
stakeholders in cleaning up the Nation's water. Among the study
conclusions were thai pumpout units in the region were underutilized in
1991, that the service! fee charged influenced usage (the higher the fee the
lower the use), and tjiat the major element of success for harbors under
public control was enforcement and education. The appendices include a
list of pumpout manufacturers and a list of installed pumpout stations by
state.
********************************************************************
Marinas
F-18
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. A-13
******************************************************
Keywords: Discharge compliance; Education; Enforcement (procedures); Federal
laws; Live-aboards; MSDs (issues); No Discharge Areas; Occupancy
rates; Portable toilets; Pumpout facility (compliance and issues); Sewage
treatment (issues and options); Shellfish harvesting buffer zones; State
laws; Survey
Geog. Area: Virginia
Doc. Type: Conference Paper
Author(s): Sawyer, C.M. and A.F. Golding (Virginia Department of Health)
Sponsor: N/A
Publisher: International Marina Institute (Wickford, RI)
Pub. Date: 1990
Title: Marina Pollution Abatement
In: 1990 Environmental Management for Marinas Conference, September 5-7,
1990, Washington, D.C.
ID Number: N/A
Pages: 21 pp.
Other: N/A
Abstract: This paper describes the public education program for promoting voluntary
no discharge of boater sanitary waste which was developed and
implemented by Virginia. In connection with the educational program,
Virginia has implemented a program of establishing several demonstration
pumpout facilities at publicly-owned marinas. The establishment of a
shellfish harvesting buffer zone around marinas is also discussed. The
paper presents issues surrounding treatment of vessel holding tank wastes
by municipal sewage treatment plants and options when municipal plants
are not available. A lengthy section of the report is dedicated to the issues
related to live-aboards and the disposal of their sanitary wastes. A survey
was conducted to determine the areas and extent of the live-aboard waste
disposal problem. Results from the survey are provided in the paper.
[Adapted from document]
***************************************************************************
Annotated Reference List
F-19
Marinas
-------
Reference No. A-14
********************************i***************************^^
Key Words: Federal laws; MSDs
and permit process);
Geog. Area:
Doc. Type:
(definitions); Pumpout facility (equipment, options,
Sewage treatment (options); State laws
South Carolina
Guidance Document
Author(s): South Carolina Coastal Council (Charleston, SC)
Sponsor: (see author)
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: 1984
Title: Guidelines for
In: N/A
D3 Number: N/A
Pages: 47 pp. (plus appendices)
Other: N/A
Preparation of Coastal Marina Report
Abstract: This guidance document provides the application requirements for
receiving a coastal marina facility permit in South Carolina. Among the
marina requirements is a wastewater pollution control system. The
document provides information on wastewater facilities capable of handling
sanitary waste from vessels. The different types of pumpout facility
systems (i.e., slip-side, portable, fixed) and options for sewage treatment
are described. All pxkmpout facilities have to be certified by the South
Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control before the
South Carolina Coastal Council will consider permit approval for the
marina.
*******************************************************************
Marinas
F-20
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. A-15
I:****************!)::
KeyWords: Fecal coliform level; Occupancy rates; Sewage loading rates; Shellfish
harvesting buffer zones; Survey
Geog. Area: South Carolina
Doc. Type: Government Report
Author(s): South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Bureau
of Water Pollution Control, Division of Water Quality and Shellfish
Sanitation
Sponsor: (see author)
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: June 1990
Title: Rules and Regulations Related to SheOlfish (R61-47: "Shellfish")
In: N/A
ID Number: N/A
Pages: 54 pp.
Other: Statutory Authority: Section 44-1-140 of the South Carolina Code of
Laws, 1976
Abstract: This report provides the rules and regulations relating to shellfish in South
Carolina. One part of the regulations, developed by the South Carolina
Department of Health and Environmental Control, describes the shellfish
harvesting buffer zone determination, assumptions and criteria in the
vicinity of marinas and other vessel docking facilities, where vessel traffic
is more concentrated and the flushing action is typically at a lower rate
than in open water areas. Previously, the state provided two alternatives
for this determination: (1) an assumed 1,000 foot radius buffer zone; or
(2) a reduced buffer zone with the presentation of results from a site-
specific hydrographic study. These regulations only allow the second
alternative to be used for buffer zone determination. The other shellfish
regulations relate to the harvesting, handling, processing, and sampling of
shellfish.
Annotated Reference List
F-21
Marinas
-------
Reference No. A-16
*****####**#*#*###****##*#*#*:}:##***#*****#*
KeyWords: Discharge compliance; Enforcement (issues); Federal laws; MSDs
(definitions, issues, and laws); No Discharge Areas; Portable toilets;
Pumpout facility (costs and issues); Sewage treatment (issues); Survey
Geog. Area: Suffolk County, Loijg Island, New York
Doc. Type: Conference Paper \
Author(s): Tanski, J. (New Yofk Sea Grant Extension Program)
i
Sponsor: New York Sea Grant Extension Program
Publisher: International Marina Institute (Wickford, RI)
Pub. Date: 1989 |
Title: Boater Use of Pumpout Facilities in Suffolk County, Long Island, New
York . i-
In: 1989 National Majrina Research Conference, January 9-12, 1992,
Narragansett, Rhode Island (N.W. Ross, ed.)
ID Number: NSGD #: NYEXT-l[-89-002
Pages: pp. 173-191
Other: N/A
Abstract: A survey was conducted in 1987 to determine the current situation of
pumpout stations in an area known for heavy boating activity, Suffolk
County, Long Island, New York. The survey was conducted by
interviewing the operators of marinas which offer sewage pumpout
service. This list of marina operators was compiled from several sources.
The findings discuss! on is divided into several topics: number of pumpout
facilities; boater pumpout use (pumpouts per season and use per slip);
factors controlling boater pumpout use (i.e., cost, boater need); boater
demand and the need for additional pumpout facilities; increasing pumpout
use and demand; economic considerations (pumpout facility construction,
operation, and maintenance costs); and vessel waste disposal and treatment
issues. !
Marinas
F-22
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. A-17
********************************************************************
Key Words: Fecal coliform level; Occupancy rates; Sewage loading rates; Shellfish
harvesting buffer zones
Geog. Area: U.S.
Doc. Type: Guidance Document
Author(s): U.S. Department of Health and Hunaan Services, Public Health Service,
Food and Drug Administration, Shellfish Sanitation Branch
Sponsor: (see author)
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: June 1989
Title: Evaluation of Marinas by State Shellfish Sanitation Control Officials
In: N/A
ED Number: N/A
Pages: 7 pp.
Other: N/A
Abstract: This guideline is provided to ensure the uniform application of the
National Shellfish Sanitation Program criteria, as adopted by the Interstate
Shellfish Sanitation Conference, for the evaluation and classification of
shellfish growing waters in and around docks, marinas, or other vessel
mooring areas. This guideline for the calculation of shellfish harvesting
closure areas provides two example calculations of the closure areas
around a marina. The first example provides assumptions for the vessel
slip occupancy rates and discharge rates when this information is
unknown. The second example presents the calculation when the vessel
slip occupancy, population, number of holding tanks, and pumpout facility
use is known. The result of these calculations is the minimum area that
needs to be closed to shellfish harvesting to protect human health.
[Adapted from document]
Annotated Reference List
F-23
Marinas
-------
Reference No. A-18
*^
KeyWords: Federal laws; MSps (laws); No Discharge Areas; Nonpoint source
pollution; Pumpout|facility (costs, equipment, operation/maintenance, and
options); Sewage treatment (issues)
Geog. Area: U.S. j
Doc. Type: Chapter in Government Report
Author(s): U.S. EPA, Office Of Water
Sponsor: (see author) ;
Publisher: N/A |
Pub. Date: January 1993 |
Title: Management Measures for Marinas and Recreational Boating (Chapter 5)
In: Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint
Pollution in Coastal Waters
D3 Number: EPA-840-B-92-002!
1
Pages: 74 pp. (plus appendix)
Other: N/A
Abstract: This government rejport specifies management measures for various coastal
waters nonpoint pollution sources, including agriculture, forestry, urban
areas, hydromodification, wetlands, riparian areas, and vegetated treatment
systems, and maruias and recreational boating. The chapter on marinas
and recreational boating defines management measures and practices and
describes Federal and state marina and boating programs. The chapter
continues by identifying the management measures under two categories,
which are: (1) siting and design; and (2) marina and vessel operation and
maintenance. The management measures related to marina siting and
design are marina flushing, water quality assessment, habitat assessment,
shoreline stabilization, storm water runoff, fueling station design, and
sewage facility maragement. The management measures related to marina
and vessel operation and maintenance are solid waste management, fish
waste management, liquid material management, petroleum control
management, vessejl cleaning management, public education management,
maintenance of sewage facilities management, and vessel operation
management. :
Marinas
F-24
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. A-19
!'*t**i'*i'«t**i*'t"f*'t"*p*(c'i"*'i*'r»*t"j»'t*'
Key Words: Dump station (costs and options); Federal laws; Nonpoint source pollution;
Portable toilets; Pumpout facility (costs and options)
Geog. Area: U.S.
Doc. Type: Government Report
Author(s): U.S. EPA, Office of Water
Sponsor: (see author)
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: December 1992
Title: Economic Analysis of Coastal Nonpoint Source Pollution Controls:
Marinas
In: N/A
ID Number: N/A
Pages: 146 pp. (plus appendices)
Other: N/A
Abstract: This report analyzes the economic impacts of EPA-proposed management
measures designed to control nonpoint source pollution from the
construction, operation, and maintenance of marinas under the Coastal
Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA) of 1990. The report
briefly describes nonpoint source pollution from marinas, reviews the
legislative history of the CZARA, presents an overview of the findings of
the analysis, summarizes characteristics of marinas and recreational
boating trends, discusses the model marina approach to measuring the
impacts on marinas and estimating the capital and operating costs of
implementing the management meaisures, and reports the results of the
economic analysis. [Adapted from document]
Annotated Reference List
F-25
Marinas
-------
Reference No. A-20
*:t:****######**#*#^
Key Words: Environmental impacts (sewage); Fecal coliform level; Federal laws; Live-
aboards; MSDs (definitions and issues); Occupancy rates; Pumpout facility
(costs, equipment, issues, operation/maintenance, and options); Sewage
treatment (options); Shellfish harvesting buffer zones
Geog. Area: Coastal States in EIJA Region IV (AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC)
i
Doc. Type: Government Report'
Author(s): U.S. EPA, Region tV, NEPA Compliance Section
Sponsor: (see author)
Publisher: N/A !
Pub. Date: April 1985 ,
Title: Coastal Marinas Assessment Handbook
In: N/A ! . .
H> Number: EPA-904/6-85-132 (NTB #: PB85-234573)
Pages: 379 pp. (plus appendices)
Other: N/A I
Abstract: This report was developed to provide guidance to marinas in EPA Region
IV coastal states (AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, and SC), however, most of the
information is relevant to other parts of the United States. The guidance
document provides information on siting, environmental impacts,
environmental solutions, and regulations as they relate to coastal marina
development. One section describes the environmental impact of sanitary
wastes from vessels and provides methods for determining the
concentration of fecal coliform within a marina area. A discussion on
water quality mitigation measures related to marina design and
construction provides information on sanitary wastes, including shoreside
facilities, sanitary wastes from vessels, MSDs, marina wastewater
collection facility, facility characteristics and costs, overall comparison of
facilities, and exanples of operational facilities. This section of the
guidance document!also includes diagrams and photos of the different
types of pumpout failities.
Marinas
F-26
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference List B: Vessels
-------
-------
Reference No. B-l
#**###******#*****************************^
KeyWords: Discharge compliance; Environmental impacts (MSD chemicals and
sewage); Federal laws; Local government role; MSDs (costs, definitions,
issues, and laws); No Discharge Areas; Nonpoint source pollution;
Portable toilets; Pumpout facility (grant programs, issues, and
operation/maintenance)
Geog. Area: Puget Sound, Washington
Doc. Type: Guidance Document
Author(s): Briggs, J.D. (48° North: The Sailing Magazine), B. Taylor
(environmental geographer), J. Anderson (marine author), and M. Aarhaus
(Washington Department of Ecology)
Sponsor: Puget Sound Water Quality Authority; Washington State Centennial Clean
Water Fund; Washington State Department of Ecology; and Washington
State Department of Natural Resources
Publisher: 48° North: The Sailing Magazine (Seattle, WA)
Pub. Date: 1993
Title: SOUNDWATCH: An Environmental Guide for Boaters
In: N/A
ID Number: N/A
Pages: 64 pp.
Other: N/A
Abstract: This environmental guide covers a wide range of boater/vessel-related
pollution (i.e., sewage, anti-fouling paint, fuel). The guide targets boaters
within the Puget Sound area, but much of the information can be applied
to other areas. A background of vessel-related pollution and its impact on
the environment is provided with a discussion on the relationship between
boaters, marina operators, and government agencies, and their roles in the
pollution control solution. A section on vessel sewage discharge provides:
an overview of applicable Federal, state, and local laws; the steps boaters
can take to increase discharge compliance; general pumpout station
protocol; pumpout facility funding opportunities; MSD and portable toilet
definitions and explanation of 3-mile discharge limit and Y-valves; and 12
pumpout facility location charts for the Puget Sound. The guide continues
by providing parallel information on gray water, vessel-generated garbage,
hazardous materials, and related marina Best Management Practices.
Annotated Reference List
F-27
Vessels
-------
Reference No. B-2
*******************************^*****^
KeyWords: Environmental impacts (sewage); Federal laws; Live-aboards; MSDs
(definitions and lawjs); No Discharge Areas; Nonpoint source pollution;
Portable toilets; State laws
Geog. Area: Delaware |
Doc. Type: Fact Sheet
Author(s): Falk, J.M. (University of Delaware Sea Grant Marine Advisory Service)
and B.N. Andersorj. (Delaware Department of Natural Resources and
Environmental Control)
Sponsor: University of Delaware Sea Grant Marine Advisory Service
Publisher: N/A i
Pub. Date: July 1989
Title: Recreational Boaters!: Take Charge of Your Discharge
In: N/A ;
ID Number: NSGD #: DELU-G-89-004
Pages: 1 p.
; -
Other: Delaware Sea Grant: MAS Note
Abstract: The purpose of this fact sheet is to inform recreational boaters of
Delaware state laws related to the discharge of sewage from vessels that
went into effect. An overview of the water quality problems vessel
sewage can cause fo| swimmers and shellfish harvesters is provided. The
state laws designate all tidal waters of Delaware as a No Discharge Area
and specifically include no discharge from portable toilets. Marinas are
also required by state law to provide "adequate" pumpout stations for
vessels docked at th(i marina that use Type in MSDs (holding tanks) and
live-aboards.
*****#****#**^
Vessels
F-28
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. B-3
**********************************************************************
Key Words: Discharge compliance; Education; Enforcement (issues and procedures);
Environmental impacts (MSD chemicals, pumpouts, and sewage); Fecal
coliform level; Federal laws; Live-aboards; MSDs (definitions and issues);
No Discharge Areas; Nonpoint source pollution; Portable toilets; Pumpout
facility (costs, grant programs, and issues); Sewage treatment (issues);
State laws
Geog. Area: Chesapeake Bay (DC, MD, PA, VA)
Doc. Type: Government Report
Author(s): Implementation Committee of the Chesapeake Bay Program, Recreational
Boat Pollution Work Group •
Sponsor: Chesapeake Bay Program (Annapolis, MD)
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: January 1991
Title: Time for Action: Recreational Boat Pollution and the Chesapeake Bay
In: N/A
ID Number: N/A
Pages: 23 pp.
Other: N/A
Abstract: This report provides the recommendations and prop'osed measures from
the Implementation Committee of the Chesapeake Bay Program's
Recreational Boat Pollution Work Group on addressing the issues of
nonpoint source pollution (especially vessel sewage) from recreational
vessels using the Chesapeake Bay. The report provides a brief overview
of the current problems and concerns related to this issue. The pollutants
discharged from boating activities are identified. The applicable Federal
and state (for Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and the District of
Columbia) laws and programs applicable to MSDs and other vessel-related
pollution are described. The report concludes by describing the Work
Group's findings and recommendations for lessening the effect of vessel
sewage and other types of recreational vessel-related pollutants.
Annotated Reference List
Vessels
-------
Reference No. B-4
KeyWords: Discharge compliance; Enforcement (issues); Environmental impacts
(MSD chemicals and sewage); Fecal coliform level; Federal laws; MSDs
(definitions, issues, ajnd laws); State laws; Survey
Geog. Area: U.S.
Doc. Type: Government Report '
Author (s):
Sponsor:
Publisher:
Pub. Date:
Title:
In:
ID Number:
Pages:
Other:
JRB Associates, Inc.
U.S. EPA, Office of
Analysis and Evaluation
N/A
April 1981 !
i
Analysis of Wastewater Discharge from Marine Sanitation Devices
N/A :
EPA-440/5-81-013 tfhlS #: PB82-158072)
90 pp. (plus appendices)
N/A i
Abstract: This report presents data pertinent to analyzing alternative Federal policies
for regulating the discharge of human wastes from recreational watercraft.
The study indicates that low compliance with current MSD regulations is
the result of deliberajte resistance, uncertainty about the finality of the
current regulations, and doubt that the regulations will be effectively
enforced. The reporjt indicates that pleasure vessels, particularly when
congregated hi relatively slow-moving waters, such as marina basins or
inlets with minimal current or tidal action, can produce unacceptable fecal
coliform concentrations. This is of particular concern because shellfish
can accumulate sewage-borne microorganisms, render ing the shellfish
unacceptable for hunjian consumption. Of the two major disinfectant
chemicals commonly^used hi MSDs, chlorine and formaldehyde, only
chlorine has been shown to be toxic hi the aquatic environment, but only
in discharges from large shore-based facilities, such as sewage treatment
plants. No study was found linking either chlorine or formaldehyde, when
used as MSD disinfectants, with effects on the environment. MSD testing,
which is conducted by the USCG, has shown that if a MSD is properly
installed and operated] concerns about odors, explosion from trapped gas,
and constant maintenance are unwarranted. [Adapted from document]
Vessels
F-30
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. B-5
*********************************************************************
Keywords: Environmental impacts (sewage); Fecal coliform level; Federal laws;
Nonpoint source pollution; Sewage loading rates; Shellfish harvesting
buffer zones
Geog. Area: U.S.
Doc. Type: Government Report
Author(s): Milliken, A.S. and V. Lee (University of Rhode Island)
Sponsor: Rhode Island Sea Grant
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: January 1990
Title: Pollution Impacts from Recreational Boating: A Bibliography and
Summary Review
In: N/A
ID Number: NSGD #: RIU-G-90-002
Pages: 26 pp.
Other: N/A
Abstract: This report provides a summary review and non-annotated bibliography
for four types of nonpoint pollution sources associated with recreational
boating. These four sources are vessel sewage, vessel engine pollution,
antifouling paints, and plastic debris. The vessel sewage summary
identifies two major water quality concerns related to an increase or heavy
presence in water (especially non-flushing areas): (1) the increase in
biological oxygen demand reduces the amount of dissolved oxygen, which
directly affects certain aquatic organisms; and (2) the increase of fecal
coliform bacteria also increases the number of pathogens (disease-carrying
microorganisms) likely to affect shellfish harvesting areas, thus posing a
serious health threat. The summary also includes the formulas developed
by the FDA Shellfish Sanitation Branch, the State of Maryland, and the
State of South Carolina for determining the number of vessels allowed in
or near a shellfish harvesting area. The bibliography provides 170
references for the four nonpoint pollution sources indicated above and for
a general vessel pollution category.
***************************************************************************
Annotated Reference List
F-31
Vessels
-------
Rsference No. B-6
*******************************(:*****************************
Key Words: Discharge compliance; Environmental impacts (sewage); Fecal coliform
level; Federal lawsd MSDs (definitions and laws); No Discharge Areas;
Nonpoint source pollution; Portable toilets
Geog. Area: New Jersey j
Doc. Type: Fact Sheet I
Author(s): New Jersey Sea Grant Extension Service
!
Sponsor: (see author)
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: 1988 ;
Title: Dump It or Pump It!: Proper Disposal of Sanitary Wastes for Coastal
Boaters ;
In: N/A
ID Number: NSGD #: NJMSC-o!-88-001
i
Pages: 2 pp. ;
Other: Sea Notes Series No!. 9
Abstract: This fact sheet for boaters provides an overview of the issues and solutions
to sewage discharge from vessels. Although the fact sheet is targeted at
New Jersey boaters,;most of the information is not region specific. The
fact sheet explains the sensitivity of estuaries to sewage and describes the
specific effects on otjher water-related recreational activities and shellfish
sanitation. Other tyries of nonpoint source pollution are mentioned (e.g.,
agricultural runoff), ; The Federal MSD law, from the Clean Water Act,
is described, includinjg the definitions of the three MSD types (Types I, II,
and HI). The fact shpet concludes by suggesting several steps that boaters
can take to prevent the discharge of sewage from their vessels.
********************************i***^
Vessels
F-32
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. B-7
#****************************************************#***#**#*********
Key Words: Discharge compliance; Enforcement (issues and procedures);
Environmental impacts (MSD chemicals, pumpouts, and sewage); Federal
laws; Local government role; MSDs (definitions and issues); No
Discharge Areas; Pumpout facility (compliance); Sewage treatment (issues
and options); State laws
Geog. Area: Massachusetts
Doc. Type: Government Report
Author(s): Putala, G.E. (author affiliation not indicated)
Sponsor: Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Coastal Zone
Management
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: June 1988
Title: Marine Head Discharges from Recreational Vessels: Analysis and Policy
Response
In: N/A
ID Number: N/A
Pages: 18 pp.
Other: N/A
Abstract: This report describes the political environment surrounding the issue of
sewage discharges from recreational vessels in Massachusetts. The three
discharge scenarios (i.e., no MSD, flow-through MSDs, and holding
tanks) and their relationship to Federal and Massachusetts laws are
discussed. The environmental impacts related to treated and untreated
sewage discharges and sanitary waste pumpout stations are addressed along
with potential solutions. Discharge and pumpout facility compliance issues
and possible solutions are also addressed. The role of local governments
is discussed in relation to discharge enforcement and provision of
additional pumpout facilities to encourage discharge compliance. The
report concludes by suggesting several policy options for the
Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs to consider,
including the development of a Marine Head Task Force.
Annotated Reference List
F-33
Vessels
-------
Reference No. B-8
******************#**************:************^^
!
KeyWords: Discharge compliance; Education; Environmental impacts (MSD
chemicals, pumpouts, and sewage); Fecal coliform level; Local
government role; MS|Ds (issues and laws); Nonpoint source pollution;
Pumpout facility (issufes); Sewage treatment (issues); Shellfish harvesting
buffer zones j
Geog. Area: U.S.
Doc. Type: Conference Paper
Author(s): Ross, N.W. (University of Rhode Island).
Sponsor: University of Rhode Island, Sea Grant Marine Advisory Service
Publisher: University of Wisconsin - Madison
Pub. Date: October 1985 '
Title: Towards a Balanced Perspective.. .Boat Sewage
In: 12th National Technical Conference on Docks and Marinas, October 7-11,
1985, Madison, Wisconsin
ID Number: NSGD #: RIU-R-85-Ob7
Pages: 4pp. |
Other: Conference in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant
Institute i
Abstract:
This paper discusses
several issues related to the discharge of vessel
sewage contributing ti> the degradation of water quality. The paper
presents the government's and boaters' sides of the issue on the degree to
which boaters' sewage ireally pollutes water versus the other types of point
and nonpoint sources of pollution (e.g., sewage treatment plants). The
effect of vessel sewage on water quality and this effect on shellfish beds
and swimmers is discussed. The paper also presents the potential
environmental effects from the chemicals added to holding tanks to control
odor and the sewage treatment problems at marinas. Boater education and
peer pressure are suggested by the author as important links in the effort
to control the discharge of sewage from vessels. The author also
emphasizes the need fojr balanced (between government officials, marinas,
communities, and boatiers) vessel sewage control management guidelines
and alternatives to be proposed and implemented.
*************##**#*##**##****###**#*##*^
Vessels
F-34
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. B-9
S|C!(! !f! i(S JfC Ifl JfC 3|S 9f! SJt if! !ft )jC J(C 3ft Jfi !JJ!
Key Words: Discharge compliance; Enforcement (issues); Federal laws; Local
government role; MSDs (issues and laws); No Discharge Areas; Pumpout
facility (grant programs and issues)
Geog. Area: U.S.
Doc. Type: Magazine Article
Author(s): Sisson, W. (Soundings staff writer)
Sponsor: N/A
Publisher: Soundings Publishers (Essex, CT)
Pub. Date: June 1991
Title: MSD Rules Remain Slow, Confusing;
In: Soundings
ID Number: N/A
Pages: p. A22
Other: N/A
Abstract: This article discusses the controversy over the enforcement of MSDs and
discharge of raw sewage from several perspectives (i.e., boaters, marina
owners, MSD manufacturers). The Cateh-22 situation of boaters
complaining of inadequate pumpout facilities and the marinas complaining
about the disadvantages of operating pumpout facilities (i.e., cost, lack of
boater use) is described. The issue of local or state governments
establishing their own No Discharge Area, instead of gaming approval
from the U.S. EPA, is presented. The article also discusses the problem
of adequate and effective enforcement procedures to discourage boaters
from discharging sewage from their vessels.
Annotated Reference List
F-35
Vessels
-------
Reference No. B-10
#****:M:***********************^
KeyWords: Discharge compliance; Enforcement (issues); Environmental impacts
(MSD chemicals anq. sewage); Federal laws; MSDs (definitions, issues,
and laws); No Dischatge Areas; Portable toilets; Pumpout facility (issues);
State laws .
i
Geog. Area: New York ;
Doc. Type: Journal Article
Author(s): Smith, L. (New York Department of Environmental Conservation)
Sponsor: N/A ;
i
Publisher: New York Department of Environmental Conservation
Pub. Date: July/August 1990 |
Title: Let's Not Go Overboard!
I
In: The Conservationist
\
ID Number: Vol. 45 \
Pages: pp. 8-15
Other: N/A
Abstract: This article presents several issues related to water pollution from
recreational vessels.; The types of pollution discussed are hazardous
substances, toxic products, fuels, sewage, solid waste, and plastics. The
environmental effect^ of boater sewage and chemical additives for MSDs
and portable toilets are presented. The article provides a brief overview
of the relevant regulations. The importance of marinas providing adequate
and affordable pumpput stations for boaters to encourage no discharge of
sewage from vessels is also discussed. The article also discusses
enforcement issues related to discharge compliance. The author suggests
that boaters take on some of the responsibility of law enforcement officials
by reporting boaters that are illegally discharging sewage and by applying
peer pressure on other boaters to comply with a no discharge policy.
Vessels
F-36
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. B-ll
************************************************************************
Key Words: Discharge compliance; Federal laws; MSDs (definitions, issues, and laws);
No Discharge Areas; Portable toilets
Geog. Area:
Doc. Type:
U.S.
Fact Sheet
Author(s): U.S. Coast Guard, Office of Boating, Public, and Consumer Affairs
Sponsor: (see author)
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: January 1986
Title: Marine Sanitation Devices on Boats
In: N/A
ID Number: Coast Guard Consumer Fact Sheet #13
Pages: 2 pp.
Other: N/A
Abstract: This USCG fact sheet provides specific information on MSDs. The topics
covered include: a summary of Federal MSD regulations; a description
of each MSD type (i.e., Types I, H, and HI); an explanation of the
certification labels required for MSDs; an explanation of No Discharge
Areas; the discharge of sewage beyond 3 miles from shore, including a
description of a Y-valve and methods for securing the valve in waters
inside 3 miles; and a point of contact for MSD operation complaints.
**************************************************** ******* **** *** ******* **
Annotated Reference List
F-37
Vessels
-------
-------
Reference List Cs Other
-------
-------
Reference No. C-l
****************************************************:»***************
Key Words: Fecal coliform level; Occupancy rates; Sewage loading rates; Survey
Geog. Area: Rhode Island
Doc. Type: Conference Paper
Author(s): Eldredge, M.E. (University of Rhode Island)
Sponsor: Rhode Island Sea Grant
Publisher: International Marina Institute (Wickford, RI)
Pub. Date: 1989
Title: The Contribution of Recreational Boats to Bacterial Water Pollution: A
Model for Determining Sewage Loading Rates
In: 1989 National Marina Research Conference, January 9-12, 1992,
Narragansett, Rhode Island (N.W. Ross, ed.)
ro Number: NSGD #: RIU-R-89-016
Pages: pp. 143-157
Other: N/A
Abstract: The study obtained data on vessel use in Rhode Island to determine
sewage loading factors. This was done using a mail return survey
distributed to boaters in Narragansett Bay during two high-use weekends
and on-site observations. Preliminary results indicate a correlation
between vessel use and vessel length. These results were used to create
a modified formula which factors in relevant data on occupancy rates and
number of people aboard. These data were used in conjunction with aerial
photographs taken during the July 4th weekend to develop two models for
the contribution of recreational vessels to bacterial water pollution. Dutch
Island Harbor, R.I., is used as an example to show the application of the
models. Using the models, allowable vessel numbers in the mooring field
range from 73 to 243 vessels. The exact number is dependent on vessel
length and which occupancy rate is used. The methodology of this study,
as well as the, resultant formula, can be used by harbor planners to balance
use conflicts in sensitive areas. [Adapted from document]
**********************************************************************
Annotated Reference List
F-39
Other
-------
Reference No. C-2
*****************************************************************
Key Words: Discharge compliance; Education; Environmental impacts (sewage); Fecal
coliform level; Live-aboards; Local government role; No Discharge Areas;
Nonpoint source pollution; Pumpout facility (grant programs and issues);
Shellfish harvesting puffer zones; State laws
Geog. Area:
Doc. Type:
Puget Sound, Washington
Conference Paper
Author(s): Hansen, N.R. (Pugtet Sound Water Quality Authority) and N. Carter
(Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission)
Sponsor: Puget Sound Water Quality Authority; and Washington State Parks and
Recreation Commission
Publisher: Washington Sea Grant Marine Advisory Services
Pub. Date: March 1989 ;
Title: Water Quality Issues
In: Boating and Moorage in the '90s: Proceedings of a Conference, October
19-21, 1988, Everett, Washington (Goodwin, R.F., ed.)
ID Number: NSGD #: WASHU-W-88-001
;
Pages: pp. 51-55 j
Other: N/A
Abstract: The Puget Sound Water Quality Authority identified nonpoint pollution
from marinas and recreational boating as an issue to be considered as part
of its comprehensive planning process. This paper describes several
initiatives in the 1987 Puget Sound Water Quality M:anagement Plan that
were designed to adiiress pollution from marinas and recreational vessels.
The paper also discusses the respective responsibilities of the marina
industry, the boating community, and state and local government in
carrying out these Initiatives. The initiatives discussed relate to issues
such as requiring new or expanding marinas to conduct boater education
activities and to provide adequate vessel sewage disposal facilities,
providing adequate! means of sewage disposal for live-aboards, and
evaluating the need'for No Discharge Areas in Puget Sound. [Adapted
from document] •
*************************************************************************.**
Other
F-40
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. C-3
******************************************************************
Key Words: MSDs (issues); Sewage treatment (issues and options)
Geog. Area: U.S.
Doc. Type: Academic Report
Author(s): Novak, J.T., C.R. McDaniel, and S.C. Howard
Sponsor: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,' Virginia Water
Resources Research Center
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: 1989
Title: The Effect of Boat Holding Tank Chemicals on Treatment Plant
Performance
In: N/A
ID Number: N/A
Pages: 18 pp. (plus appendix)
Other: N/A
Abstract:
This report presents research conducted by the authors to determine the
effects of chemicals added to vessel holding tanks (or Type III MSDs) on
small sewage treatment plants. These chemicals include disinfectants,
dyes, and perfumes added to a holding tank to control the odor level until
the tank is emptied. Since boating activity is heaviest during warm
seasons and weekends, the study concentrated on the treatment plant's
ability to handle extra chemicals during peak use periods. Septic tank and
activated sludge systems were evaluated for this report. The study
concluded that vessel holding tank chemicals will not have a significant
effect on a small treatment plant's ability to properly process waste,
although some decline in the plant's performance may occur during peak
boating weekends.
Annotated Reference List
F-41
Other
-------
Reference No. C-4
###**#***************************************************************
I
Key Words: MSDs (issues); Pur4pout facility (issues); Survey
Geog. Area: U.S.
Doc. Type: Government Report;
Author (s): Price Waterhouse ;
i
Sponsor: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service
Publisher: N/A j
Pub. Date: January 1992 i
Title: National Recreational Boating Survey: Sanitation Pumpout Questionnaire
Tabulation
In: ' N/A !
H> Number: Contract #14-16-OOJ)9-90-006
Pages: 26 pp. (plus appendices)
Other: In association with JMarket Facts, Inc.
j
i
Abstract: This report provide^ a summary of the results from the sanitation pumpout
module of the National Recreational Boating Survey, conducted by the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The survey collected data on the type of
MSD on each surveyed vessel and, if the vessel was equipped with a Type
HI MSD (holding tank), additional questions were asked about the
adequacy and availability of the pumpout facilities in the vessel's vicinity,
the percentage of sewage discharged by method (discharged more than 3
miles from shore, Discharged less than 3 miles from shore, or pumped out
at a facility), and Which pumpout facility characteristics (e.g., hours of
operation) were important to boaters. These data are provided for the
U.S., by region (Great Lakes, Mid-Atlantic, New England, Pacific, and
Southern), and by ?tate.
******************************* :**************sN*************=|c***************
Other
F-42
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. C-5
*******=Mt*:Me*****************^
Key Words: Environmental impacts (sewage); Fecal coliform level
Geog. Area: Puget Sound, Washington
Doc. Type: Government Report
Author(s): Seabloom, R.W., G. Plews, and F. Cox
Sponsor: Washington State Department of Health, Shellfish Section; and U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher: N/A
t
Pub. Date: October 1989
Doc. Title: The Effect of Sewage Discharges from Pleasure Craft on Puget Sound
Waters and Shellfish Quality
In: N/A
ro Number: N/A
Pages: 58 pp. (plus appendix)
Other: N/A
Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the extent of microbiological
contamination contributed by waste discharges from recreational vessels.
The study included baseline bacteriological water quality and shellfish
tissue survey work in the non-boating season at five boating areas in the
Puget Sound. The water quality was measured again at the same sites
later during a period of intense boating activity for comparison with the
baseline. The water or shellfish data, from the study showed deleterious
impact of vessel sewage on the bacteriological water quality at four of the
five study sites. At one site, it was not possible to distinguish vessel
sewage contamination from other known sources of contamination. The
public health threat from these wastes was perceived to be significant
because of the relative freshness of the vessel waste, in contrast to
municipal.sewage, and the resulting greater potential for the presence of
pathogens. The study recommends onboard containment of wastes through
boater cooperation and education, by installation of Type m MSDs, and
by provision of pumpout facilities. The study contains a literature review
of 21 studies related to watercraft wastes and their bacteriological impact.
[Adapted from document]
***************#*******************************^
Annotated Reference List
F-43
Other
-------
Reference No. C-6
li:****************
Key Words: Discharge compliafl.ee; Education; Enforcement (issues and procedures);
Environmental impacts (sewage); Fecal colifonn level; Federal laws; Local
government role; MSDs (definitions, issues, and laws); No Discharge
Areas \
Geog. Area: EPA Region I Coastal States (CT, ME, MA, NH, RI)
i
Doc. Type: Guidance Document
Author(s): U.S. EPA, Region,!
Sponsor: (see author)
Publisher: N/A
Pub. Date: April 1992
Title: Guidance for States and Municipalities Seeking No-Discharge Area
Designation for New England Coastal Waters
In: N/A j
ID Number: N/A
Pages: 12 pp. (plus appendices)
Other: N/A
Abstract: One method available to state and local governments for the prevention of
all sewage discharges from vessels is to apply to the U.S. EPA for the
approval of a water body as a "No Discharge Area." This document
describes this process. It begins by providing background information on
this water quality problem and describing the Federal, laws and regulations
related to the discharge of sanitary waste from vessels. The report
explains the statutory and regulatory requirements that need to be satisfied
before a No Discharge Area will be approved. Some additional guidelines
for the application jure also provided. Information on the enforcement of
approved No Dischjarge Areas is also provided. The report discusses the
enforcement authority, Federal preemption of enforcement, and
enforcement methods. Although this report is directed toward states and
municipalities in th$ New England area, the information is also applicable
to the other regions! of the U.S.
4
Other
F-44
Annotated Reference List
-------
Reference No. C-7
*******:M:*#***###*****************#**##^
Key Words: Environmental impacts (MSD chemicals and pumpouts); Federal laws;
MSDs (issues and laws); No Discharge Areas; Sewage treatment (issues
and options); Survey
Geog. Area: Virginia
Doc. Type: Journal Article
Author(s): Walker, W.R., C.J. Haley, P. Bridgeman, and S.H. Goldstein
Sponsor: Virginia Department of Health; and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University, Virginia Water Resources Research Center
Publisher: Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
Pub. Date: 1991
Title: Effects of Deodorants on Treatment of Boat Holding-Tank Waste
In: Environmental Management
D3 Number: Vol. 15, No. 3
Pages: pp. 441-449
Other: N/A
Abstract: A literature search and survey of Virginia campgrounds with RV pumpout
stations were used to determine whether vessel holding-tank deodorant
chemicals would have deleterious effects on marina septic systems or
package treatment plants. Laboratory studies reported in the literature
indicate that these chemical additives could affect septic system functions
• in three ways: (1) active ingredients in the additives can impair sewage
degradation in septic tanks; (2) additive chemicals might enter the
drainfield and, in high enough concentrations, reduce the drainfield's
ability to degrade waste; and (3) toxic additive chemicals might migrate
from the drainfield to ground or surface water. Experience in the field
and hi other laboratory studies suggests that factors such as dilution of
treated waste with untreated waste and the characteristics of the sewage to
be treated can reduce the possibility of damage to septic and activated
sludge systems. The campground owners surveyed indicated that they
have few problems with their septic systems hi spite of the presence of
chemical additives hi the RV waste. [Adapted from document]
Annotated Reference List
F-45
Other
-------
Reference No. C-8
Keywords: Fecal colifonn level; Federal laws; Live-aboards; MSDs (costs,
definitions, issues, j and laws); No Discharge Areas; Occupancy rates;
Portable toilets; Pumpout facility (costs); Sewage loading rates; State laws;
Survey • ! -
Geog. Area: Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island
Doc. Type: Journal Article \
Author(s):
Sponsor:
Publisher:
Pub. Date:
Title:
In:
ID Number:
Pages:
Other:
West, N. (University of Rhode Island), C. Heatwole (Hunter College),
and L. Smith (University of Rhode Island)
N/A ;
Crane, Russak, and Co., Inc.
1982 |
Environmental Improvement on Narragansett Bay as a Result of Section
312 Implementation of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Coastal Zone Management Journal
Vol. 10, Nos. 1/2 !
pp. 125-140 j
N/A
Abstract: The study described in this article, based on a small survey conducted on
Narragansett Bay during the summer of 1980, develops several empirical
models to estimate the total costs of MSD conversions and other costs
related to Section 312 of the Clean Water Act. As provisions of the Clean
Water Act are exempt from provisions of the National Environmental
Policy Act, no environmental impact statement was written concerning the
impacts to the marine environment and the cost to the boating public.
This article seeks to shed some light on this controversy by: (1)
developing and opeyationalizing a conceptual model which estimates daily
effluent load contributed by recreational vessels; and (2) estimating the
cost of compliance to the boating public and marina operators. Although
the data used are specific to a relatively small region (Narragansett Bay,
Rhode Island), it is possible that the model and findings can be
extrapolated to a large geographical area. [Adapted from document]
Other
F-46
Annotated Reference List
-------
List of Document Titles
-------
-------
List of Document Tittles
Document Title
Ref. No.
Analysis of Wastewater Discharge from Marine Sanitation Devices B-4
An Assessment of Marine Pump-Out Facilities in Buzzards Bay . A-3
The Availability of and Demand for Sanitary Sewage Handling Facilities on New
Jersey's Coastal Waters A-10
The Availability of and Demand for Sanitary Sewage Handling Facilities on New
Jersey's Coastal Waters: Addendum and Recommendations A-ll
Boater Use of Pumpout Facilities in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York .... A-16
Coastal Marinas Assessment Handbook A-20
A Comparison of Water Quality at Two Recreational Marinas During a Peak-Use
Period A-6
The Contribution of Recreational Boats to Bacterial Water Pollution: A Model
for Determining Sewage Loading Rates : . . . C-l
Dump It or Pump It!: Proper Disposal of Sanitary Wastes for Coastal Boaters .... B-6
Economic Analysis of Coastal Nonpoint Source Pollution Controls: Marinas .... A-19
The Effect of Boat Holding Tank Chemicals on Treatment Plant Performance C-3
The Effect of Sewage Discharges from Pleasure Craft on Puget Sound Waters and
Shellfish Quality . . . C-5
Effects of Deodorants on Treatment of Boat Holding-Tank Waste C-7
Environmental Improvement on Narragansett Bay as a Result of Section 312
Implementation of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act C-8
Evaluation of Marinas by State Shellfish Sanitation Control Officials A-17
Federal Regulations: Coastal Structures, Environmental Protection, and Boating
Safety, Module II: Harbormaster Reference Series A-1
Guidance for States and Municipalities Seeking No-Discharge Area Designation for
New England Coastal Waters C-6
Annotated Reference List
F-47
Document Titles
-------
List of Document Titles (cont'd)
Document Title
Ref. No.
A Guidebook for Marina Owners and Operators on the Installation and Operation of
Sewage Pumpout Stations |. A-4
Guidelines for Preparation of Coastal Marina Report A-14
Let's Not Go Overboard! i B-10
Management Measures for Marinas an^l Recreational Boating (Chapter 5) A-18
:
Marina Pollution Abatement I A-13
Marine Head Discharges from Recreational Vessels: Analysis and Policy
Response . . i. B-7
| '
Marine Sanitation — Approaches, Benefits, Misconceptions and the Impacts of the
Chemicals Used j, A-9
Marine Sanitation Devices on Boats . , B-ll
MSD Rules Remain Slow, Confusing , B-9
National Recreational Boating Survey: Sanitation Pumpout Questionnaire
Tabulation , C-4
New England Coastal Marine Pumpout Survey: EPA Region I A-12
Pollution Impacts from Recreational Boating: A Bibliography and Summary
Review i . . B-5
=
Recreational Boaters: Take Charge of If our Discharge B-2
Rules and Regulations Related to Shellfish (R61-47: "Shellfish") . A-15
i ' .
SOUNDWATCH: An Environmental buide for Boaters B-l
State of the Art Assessment of Boat Sewage Pumpout Program in Washington
State
A-7
State of Delaware Marina Guidebook: A Guidance Document for Locating, Planning
and Designing Marinas '. A-5
Time for Action: Recreational Boat Pollution and the Chesapeake Bay B-3
Document Titles
F-48
Annotated Reference List
-------
List of Document Titles (cont'd)
Document Title
Ref. No.
Towards a Balanced Perspective.. .Boat Sewage B-8
Types of Pump Out Facilities A-8
Waste Management/Marine Sanitation A-2
Water Quality Issues C-2
Annotated Reference List
F-49
Document Titles
-------
-------
Glossary
-------
-------
Glossary
Discharge
compliance
Dump station
Education
Enforcement
Environmental
impacts
Fecal conform
level
Federal laws
Live-aboards
Local
government role
MSB
No Discharge
Areas
Nonpoint source
pollution
Occupancy rate
Boater compliance with proper discharge of onboard sewage.
A designated area, usually at marinas, where boaters may empty
their portable toilets.
Public awareness of sewage discharge problem and proper control
procedures.
Enforcement of legal sewage discharge from vessels and
collection at marinas.
Effects on the environment from sewage, MSD chemicals (e.g.,
formaldehyde), and pumpout facilities (e.g., leaks from on-site
sewage septic tanks).
Acceptable levels of fecal coliforrn in water (a water quality
measure used to test for the presence of sewage).
Laws implemented by the U.S. Federal Government that apply to
the discharge of sewage from vessels.
Vessels moored permanently in marinas and used solely as a
dwelling unit.
Methods by which local government agencies and organizations
can assist in the control of vessel sewage discharge.
Marine Sanitation Device. A permanently installed device
connected to a vessel's toilet lihat either treats sewage on-board for
immediate discharge or holds sewage for onshore disposal and
treatment.
EPA-approved areas where the discharge of both treated and
untreated sewage is prohibited.
Water pollution that originates from a non-permanent or mobile
source (which includes sewage and other pollutants discharged
from vessels), not from a specific permanent source (e.g.,
underwater pipe outlet).
An estimate of the percentage of vessels occupied in an area at a
specific time (used in the calculation of sewage loading rates and
shellfish harvesting buffer zones).
Annotated Reference List
F-51
Glossary
-------
Portable toilets
Pumpout facility
Sewage loading
rate
Sewage treatment
Shellfish
harvesting buffer
zone
State laws
Survey
Glossary (cont'd)
Toilets that are not permanently installed in vessels and to which
flie U.S. MSD regulations do not apply.
!
A pump def ice mat empties, or pumps out, contents of a vessel's
sewage holding tank. Vessels attach a flexible hose to the
vessel's holding tank deck fitting and the pump empties the
holding tank contents into a larger holding tank (onshore, on a
vessel, or on a truck) or a wastewater collection and treatment
system. •
number of vessels allowed in an area to protect the
water quality (similar to shellfish harvesting buffer zones).
Proper sanitary waste treatment of vessel sewage collected by
shoreside facilities.
i
An area surrounding a marina, or other dense boating .area that
has low flushing activity, that is closed to shellfish harvesting
because of jthe threat of contamination from sewage.
i
Laws implemented by various states that apply to the discharge of
sewage from vessels.
!
Surveys conducted that are related to vessel sewage (e.g., boater
use of pumpout facilities, types of MSDs on board vessels).
Glossary
F-52
Annotated Reference List
------- |