Toxics Release Inventory Public Data Release: Ten Years of Right-to-Know Industry Sector Analysis, 1996




                        	
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             1996
       Toxics Release
           Inventory
Public Data Release -10 Years of Right-to-Know
         Industry Sector Analyses
        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
      Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (7408)
            Washington, DC 20460

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                                CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 —TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA BY INDUSTRY	1

Introduction	•	1
Context for Presentation of Industry Data	2
  Who Reports and What Must Be Reported?	2
    SIC Codes and TRI	3
    Form A Certification Statements	.	•	3
    TRI Releases and Waste Management	3
    Differences between Amounts Reported in Sections 5 and 6 and in Section 8 in Form R	 8
    TRI Chemicals	8
Industry Overview	H
  TRI Data by Industry, 1996	11
    On- and Off-site Releases	11
    Other On-site Waste Management	:	,	•	12
    Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	12
    Economic Overview, 1996	'•.	•	14
Year-by-Year Comparisons, by Industry	15
  Comparing TRI Data Across Years	15
    1995-1996 Comparisons	15
    Multi-Year Comparisons	,	15
  Year-by-Year Comparisons of TRI Data by Industry	15
    On- and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996	15
    On- and Off-site Releases, 1988 and 1994-1996	16
    Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals  in Waste, 1991-1998	16
    Economic Overview, Multi-Year Comparisons....	•	19

                               CHAPTER 1 —  EXHIBITS

Table 1-1.  TRI Facilities and Forms, by Industry, 1996	11
Table 1-2.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, by Industry, 1996	12
Table 1-3.  TRI Other On-site Waste Management, by Industry, 1996	13
Table 1-4.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, by Industry, 1996	13
Table 1-5.  Employees, Value of Shipments, and Total Production-related Waste, by Industry, 1996	14
Table 1-6.  Change in Total TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, by Industry, 1995-1996	16
Table 1-7.  Change in Total On-site and Off-site Releases, by Industry, 1988 and 1994-1996	17
Table 1-8.  Actual and Projected Total Production-related Waste, by Industry,  1996-1998	19
Table 1-9.  Total Production-related Waste, by Industry, 1991 and 1994-1996	20
Table 1-10. Industrial Production Indexes by Industry, 1989-1996	20
Table 1-11. Cumulative Change in Manufacturing Production and in TRI Releases and
           Transfers Off-site to Treatment and Disposal, 1989-1996	21

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         Contents
Figure 1-1.    Information Collected Under TRI	5
Figure 1-2.    Waste Management Hierarchy	17

Box 1-1.      Industry Sectors in the 1996 TRI Public Data Release	1
Box 1-2.      Who Reported Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Reports for the 1996
             Reporting Year?	2
Box 1-3.      Who Will Report to TRI Starting in the 1998 Reporting Year?	2
Box 1-4.      What Must Be Reported to TRI?	3
Box 1-5.      An Explanation of SIC Codes and TRI	4
Box 1-6.      An Explanation of On-and Off-site Releases	6
Box 1-7.      An Explanation of On-site Waste Management	,	7
Box 1-8.      An Explanation of Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	7
Box 1-9.      Basis of OSHA Carcinogen Listing for Individual Chemicals	9
Box 1-10.     An Explanation of Waste Management Information	18


CHAPTER 2 — TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA FOR FOOD AND BEVERAGE
                PROCESSING (SIC CODE 20)	23

A Look at the Food and Kindred Products Industry (SIC Code 20)	23
1996 TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing	27
    Multiple Codes within SIC Code 20	30
  On- and Off-site Releases	32
  Other On-site Waste Management	34
  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	34
1996 TRI Data by State for Food and Beverage Processing	34
1996 TRI Data by Chemical for Food and Beverage Processing	40
  OSHA Carcinogens	40
1996 TRI Chemicals in Waste for Food and Beverage Processing	43
  Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste	45
  Source Reduction Activity	47
Year-to-Year Comparisons for Food and Beverage Processing	47
  1995-1996 TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing	47
    On-and Off-site Releases	48
    Other On-site Waste Management	48
    Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	52
  1988-1996 TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing	52
    1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in Food and Beverage Processing	54
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996	70
  1991-1996 Waste Management Data for Food and Beverage Processing	71
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996	74

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Contents
CHAPTER 2 — EXHIBITS

Table 2-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Food and Beverage
Processing, SIC Code 20 .. 28
Table 2-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20 30
Table 2-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing,
SIC Code 20 (in Rank Order) 32
Table 2-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing,
SIC Code 20 (in Rank Order) 35
Table 2-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Food and Beverage
Processing, SIC Code 20 (in Rank Order) 37
Table 2-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing,
SIC Code 20 39
Table 2-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:
Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20 (in Rank Order) 42
Table 2-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, ' -
1996: Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20 (in Rank Order) 42
Table 2-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Food and
Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20 (in Rank Order) .\ 44
Table 2-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20 .;....46
Table 2-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Food and
Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20 49
Table 2-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-Site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:
Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20 50
Table 2-13. Comparison of TRI On-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20 ..*.. , 53
Table 2-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20 56
Table 2-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20 61
Table 2-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code,
1988 and 1994-1996: Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20 66
Table 2-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991, 1994-1996: Food and Beverage Processing,
SIC Code 20 72

Figure 2-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Food and Beverage
Processing (SIC Code 20) » • 33
Figure 2-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996: r
Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20) »: -33

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Contents
Figure 2-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Food and Beverage
Processing (SIC Code 20) 36
Figure 2-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20) 36
Figure 2-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:
Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20) 38
Figure 2-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
Totals, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20) 38
Figure 2-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
Largest Totals, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20) 43
Figure 2-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste, 1996: Food and Beverage
Processing (SIC Code 20) 45
Figure 2-9. Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20) 45
Figure 2-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20) 48
Figure 2-11. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996: Food and
Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20) 51
Figure 2-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases,1988-1996: Food and
Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20) 54
Figure 2-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20) 73

Box 2-1. SIC Code 20, Food and Beverage Processing: Codes and Classifications 24

Map 2-1. Total On- and Off-site Releases, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20 41

CHAPTER 3 —TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA FOR TOBACCO PRODUCTS
(SIC CODE 21) 77

A Look at the Tobacco Products Industry (SIC Code 21) 77
1996 TRI Data for Tobacco Products 78
On- and Off-site Releases 79
Other On-site Waste Management 82
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management 82
1996 TRI Data by State for Tobacco Products 84
1996 TRI Data by Chemical for Tobacco Products 85
1996 TRI Chemicals in Waste for Tobacco Products 87
Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste 88
Source Reduction Activity 89
Year-to-Year Comparisons for Tobacco Products 91

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Contents
1995-1996 TRI Data for Tobacco Products 91
On-and Off-site Releases . 91
Other On-site Waste Management : 91
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management • 91
1988-1996 TRI Data for Tobacco Products , 91
1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in Tobacco Products 93
Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996 96
1991-1996 Waste Management Data for Tobacco Products 99
Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996 99

CHAPTER 3 — EXHIBITS

Table 3-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Tobacco Products,
SIC Code 21 80
Table 3-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21
(in Rank Order) - 80
Table 3-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Tobacco Products,
SIC Code 21 (in Rank Order) 82
Table 3-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Tobacco Products,
SIC Code 21 (in Rank Order) 83
Table 3-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21 85
Table 3-7. Chemicals with On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Tobacco Products,
SIC Code 21 (in Rank Order) f 87
Table 3-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Tobacco
Products, SIC Code 21 (in Rank Order) 87
Table 3-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals hi Waste, 1996-1998:
Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21 89
Table 3-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Tobacco
Products, SIC Code 21 90
Table 3-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:
Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21 92
Table 3-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1988 and
1994-1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21 94
Table 3-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21 96
Table 3-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21 97
Table 3-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code,
1988 and 1994-1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21 98

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Contents
Table 3-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991, 1994-1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21 100

Figure 3-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Tobacco Products
(SIC Code 21) 80
Figure 3-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, by SIC Code, 1996: Tobacco Products
(SIC Code 21) 81
Figure 3-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Tobacco Products
(SIC Code 21) 82
Figure 3-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, by SIC Code, 1996: Tobacco Products
(SIC Code 21) 83
Figure 3-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:
Tobacco Products (SIC Code 21) 84
Figure 3-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, by SIC Code, 1996:
Tobacco Products (SIC Code 21) 84
Figure 3-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste, 1996: Tobacco Products
(SIC Code 21) 88
Figure 3-9. Distribution of Production-related Waste, by SIC Code, 1996: Tobacco Products
(SIC Code 21) 88
Figure 3-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
Tobacco Products (SIC Code 21) 90
Figure 3-11. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996: Tobacco
Products (SIC Code 21) 93
Figure 3-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996: Tobacco
Products (SIC Code 21) 95
Figure 3-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
Tobacco Products (SIC Code 21) 101

Box 3-1. SIC Code 21, Tobacco Products: Codes and Classifications 78
Box 3-2. Data Not Appearing in This Chapter 79

Map 3-1. Total On- and Off-site Releases, 1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21 86

CHAPTER 4—TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA FOR TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
(SIC CODE 22) 103

A Look at the Textile Mill Products Industry (SIC Code 22) 103
1996 TRI Data for Textile Mill Products 106
Reporting Errors hi 1996 Data for SIC Code 22 108
Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 22 109
On- and Off-site Releases 110
Other On-site Waste Management 112

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                                                                          Contents
  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	113
1996 TRI Data by State for Textile Mill Products	115
1996 TRI Data by Chemical for Textile Mill Products..	117
  OSHA Carcinogens	,	117
1996 TRI Chemicals in Waste for Textile Mill Products	120
  Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste	121
  Source Reduction Activity	122
Year-to-Year Comparisons for Textile Mill Products	125
  1995-1996 TRI Data for Textile Mill Products	125
    On-and Off-site Releases	125
    Other On-site Waste Management	125
    Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	125
  1988-1996 TRI Data for Textile Mill Products	127
     1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in Textile Mill Products	128
  Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996	136
  1991-1996 Waste Management Data for Textile Mill Products	140
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996	142


                                  CHAPTER  4 — EXHIBITS

Table 4-1.    Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Textile Mill Products,
             SIC Code 22	106
Table 4-2.    Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22	109
Table 4-3.    TRI On-site and Off-site Releases,  1996: Textiles, SIC Code 22 (in Rank Order)	110
Table 4-4.    TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996:  Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22
             (in Rank Order)	•	112
Table 4-5.    TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Textile Mill
             Products,  SIC Code 22 (in Rank Order)	114
Table 4-6.    Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22	116
Table 4-7.    The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:
             Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22 (in Rank Order)	119
Table 4-8.    TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:
             Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22 (in Rank Order)	119
Table 4-9.    Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Textile Mill
             Products,  SIC Code 22 (in Rank Order)	121
Table 4-10.   Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
             Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22	123
Table 4-11.   Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Textile Mill
             Products, SIC Code 22	124

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Contents
Table 4-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:
Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22 126
Table 4-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1988 and
1994-1996: Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22 129
Table 4-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22 131
Table 4-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22 134
Table 4-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988
and 1994-1996: Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22 137
Table 4-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996: Textile Mill Products,
SIC Code 22 141

Figure 4-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Textile Mill Products
(SIC Code 22) 111
Figure 4-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
Textile MiU Products (SIC Code 22) 111
Figure 4-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Textile Mill
Products (SIC Code 22) 112
Figure 4-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Textile Mill Products (SIC Code 22) 113
Figure 4-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:
Textile MiU Products (SIC Code 22) 114
Figure 4-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
Totals, 1996: Textile MiU Products (SIC Code 22) 115
Figure 4-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with Largest
Totals, 1996: Textile MiU Products (SIC Code 22) 120
Figure 4-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste, 1996: Textile MiU Products
(SIC Code 22) 121
Figure 4-9. Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Textile MiU Products (SIC Code 22) 122
Figure 4-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
Textile MiU Products (SIC Code 22) 124
Figure 4-11. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996: Textile Mill
Products (SIC Code 22) 127
Figure 4-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996: Textile Mill
Products (SIC Code 22) 130
Figure 4-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
Textile MiU Products (SIC Code 22) 142

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                                                                        Contents
Box 4-1.      SIC Code 22, Textile Mill Products: Codes and Classifications	104

Map 4-1.     Total On- and Off-site Releases, 1996: Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22	118


CHAPTER 5 — APPAREL AND FABRICATED TEXTILES (SIC CODE 23)..	145

A Look at the Apparel and Fabricated Textiles Industry (SIC Code 23)	145
1996 TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles......	147
  On- and Off-site Releases	„	149
  Other On-site Waste Management	150
  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management....	152
1996 TRI Data by State for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles	153
1996 TRI Data by Chemical for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles	155
  OSHA Carcinogens	•,	155
1996 TRI Chemicals in Waste for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles	157
  Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste	159
  Source Reduction Activity	161
Year-to-Year Comparisons for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles	161
  1995-1996 TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles	161
    On-and Off-site Releases......	162
    Other On-site Waste Management	162
    Transfers Off-site for  Further Waste Management	162
  1988-1996 TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles	164
    1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in Apparel and Fabricated Textiles	165
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996	172
  1991-1996 Waste Management Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles	175
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996	175


                                 CHAPTER 5 — EXHIBITS

Table 5-1.    Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Apparel and
             Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23	148
Table 5-3.    TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles,
             SIC Code 23 (in Rank Order)	150
Table 5-4.    TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles,
             SIC Code 23 (in Rank Order)	151
Table 5-5.    TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:  Apparel and
             Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23 (in Rank Order)	153
Table 5-6.    Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles,
             SIC Code 23	154

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Contents
Table 5-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:
Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23 (hi Rank Order) 157
Table 5-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:
Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23 (in Rank Order) 157
Table 5-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Apparel and
Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23 (in Rank Order) 158
Table 5-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23 160
Table 5-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Apparel and
Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23 162
Table 5-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:
Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23 163
Table 5-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1988 and
1994-1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23 166
Table 5-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23 168
Table 5-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and
1994-1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23 170
Table 5-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code,
1988 and 1994-1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23 173
Table 5-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991, 1994-1996: Apparel and Fabricated
Textiles, SIC Code 23 176

Figure 5-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Apparel and
Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23) 150
Figure 5-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23) 151
Figure 5-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Apparel and
Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23) 152
Figure 5-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23) 152
Figure 5-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:
Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23) 153
Figure 5-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
Totals, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23) 154
Figure 5-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, by SIC Code, 1996:
Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23) 158
Figure 5-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated
Textiles (SIC Code 23) 159

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                                                                        Contents
Figure 5-9.    Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
             Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23)	159
Figure 5-10.   Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste,
             1996-1998: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23)	161
Figure 5-11.   Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:  Apparel and
             Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23)	164
Figure 5-12.   Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996:  Apparel and
             Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23)	167
Figure 5-13.   Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996: Apparel
             and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23)	177

Box 5-1.      SIC Code 23, Apparel and Other Finished Products Made from Fabrics and
             Similar Materials: Codes and Classifications	146
Box 5-2.      Data Not Appearing in This Chapter	•.	149

Map 5-1.     SIC Code 23, Apparel and Other Finished Products Made from Fabrics and
             Similar Materials: Codes and Classifications	156


CHAPTER 6 —TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA FOR LUMBER AND WOOD
               PRODUCTS (SIC CODE 24)	179

A Look at the Lumber and Wood Products Industry (SIC Code 24)	179
1996 TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products	181
    Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 24	 184
  On- and Off-site Releases	184
  Other On-site Waste Management	 185
  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	186
1996 TRI Data by State for Lumber and Wood Products	187
1996 TRI Data by Chemical for Lumber and Wood Products	190
  OSHA Carcinogens	193
1996 TRI Chemicals in Waste for Lumber and Wood Products	194
  Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste	196
  Source Reduction Activity	197
Year-to-Year Comparisons for Lumber and Wood Products	197
  1995-1996 TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products	197
    On-and Off-site Releases	198
    Other On-site Waste Management	201
    Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	202
  1988-1996 TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products	202
    1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in Lumber and Wood Products	204
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996	209

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Contents
1991-1996 Waste Management Data for Lumber and Wood Products 212
Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996 214

CHAPTER 6 — EXHIBITS

Table 6-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Lumber and Wood
Products, SIC Code 24 182
Table 6-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24 184
Table 6-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products,
SIC Code 24 (in Rank Order) 185
Table 6-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products,
SIC Code 24 (in Rank Order) 187
Table 6-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Lumber and Wood
Products, SIC Code 24 (in Rank Order) 189
Table 6-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products,
SIC Code 24 191
Table 6-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:
Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24 (in Rank Order) 193
Table 6-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code,
1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24 (in Rank Order) 194
Table 6-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals hi Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Lumber and
Wood Products, SIC Code 24 (hi Rank Order) 195
Table 6-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24 198
Table 6-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Lumber and
Wood Products, SIC Code 24 199
Table 6-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:
Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24 200
Table 6-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1988
and 1994-1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24 203
Table 6-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24 205
Table 6-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and
1994-1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24 208
Table 6-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code,
1988 and 1994-1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24 ..210
Table 6-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991, 1994-1996: Lumber and Wood
Products, SIC Code 24 213

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Contents
Figure 6-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Lumber and Wood
Products (SIC Code 24) 185
Figure 6-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24) 186
Figure 6-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Lumber and
Wood Products (SIC Code 24) • 187
Figure 6-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24) 188
Figure 6-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:
Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24) 189
Figure 6-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with
Largest Totals, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24) 190
Figure 6-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
Largest Totals, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24) 195
Figure 6-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste, 1996: Lumber and Wood
Products (SIC Code 24) 196
Figure 6-9. Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals,
1996: Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24) 197
Figure 6-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste,
1996-1998: Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24) 199
Figure 6-11. Percentage Change hi On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996: Lumber and
Wood Products (SIC Code 24) ; 201
Figure 6-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996: Lumber and
Wood Products (SIC Code 24) 204
Figure 6-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996: Lumber
and Wood Products (SIC Code 24) ..215

Box 6-1. SIC Code 24, Lumber and Wood Products, Except Furniture: Codes and
Classifications 180

Map 6-1. Total On- and Off-site Releases, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24 192

CHAPTER 7 —TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA FOR FURNITURE
(SIC CODE 25) 219

A Look at the Furniture and Fixtures Industry (SIC Code 25) 219
1996 TRI Data for Furniture 221
Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 25 222
On- and Off-site Releases 223
Other On-site Waste Management 225
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management 226
1996 TRI Data by State for Furniture 228

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         Contents
1996 TRI Data by Chemical for Furniture	229
  OSHA Carcinogens	232
1996 TRI Chemicals in Waste for Furniture	:	232
  Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste	235
  Source Reduction Activity	237
Year-to-Year Comparisons for Furniture	237
  1995-1996 TRI Data for Furniture	237
    On-and Off-site Releases	238
    Other On-site Waste Management	238
    Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	238
  1988-1996 TRI Data for Furniture	240
    1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in Furniture	241
    Other On-site Waste Management	243
    Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	245
  Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996	247
    Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996	250
  1991-1996 Waste Management Data for Furniture	250
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996	250


                                 CHAPTER 7 — EXHIBITS

Table 7-1.    Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Furniture,
             SIC Code 25	222
Table 7-2.    Multiple SIC Codes, 1996:  Furniture, SIC Code 25	224
Table 7-3.    TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25
             (in Rank Order)	224
Table 7-4.    TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25
             (in Rank Order)	226
Table 7-5.    TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Furniture,
             SIC Code 25 (in Rank Order)	227
Table 7-6.    Summary of TRI Information by State,  1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25	230
Table 7-7.    The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:
             Furniture, SIC Code 25 (in Rank Order)	232
Table 7-8.    TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:
             Furniture, SIC Code 25 (in Rank Order)	233
Table 7-9.    Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Furniture,
             SIC Code 25 (in Rank Order)	234
Table 7-10.   Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
             Furniture, SIC Code 25	236
Table 7-11.   Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Furniture,
             SIC Code 25	238

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                                                                           Contents
Table 7-12.   Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
             Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:
             Furniture, SIC Code 25	239
Table 7-13.   Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
             Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1988 and
             1994-1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25	242
Table 7-14.   TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
             Furniture, SIC Code 25	244
Table 7-15.   TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
             Furniture, SIC Code 25	246
Table 7-16.   TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code,
             1988 and 1994-1996:  Furniture, SIC Code 25	248
Table 7-17.   TRI Waste Management Data, 1991, 1994-1996:  Furniture, SIC Code 25	251

Figure 7-1.   Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Furniture (SIC Code 25)	225
Figure 7-2.   TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
             Furniture (SIC Code 25)	225
Figure 7-3.   Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996:  Furniture
             (SIC Code 25)	226
Figure 7-4.   TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
             Furniture (SIC Code 25)	227
Figure 7-5.   Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:
             Furniture (SIC Code 25)	228
Figure 7-6.   TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
             Totals, 1996:  Furniture (SIC Code 25)	229
Figure 7-7.   TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
             Largest Totals, 1996:  Furniture (SIC Code  25)	233
Figure 7-8.   Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste, 1996: Furniture (SIC Code 25)	234
Figure 7-9.   Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
             Furniture (SIC Code 25)	235
Figure 7-10.  Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
             Furniture (SIC Code 25)	237
Figure 7-11.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:  Furniture
             (SIC Code 25)	240
Figure 7-12.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996:  Furniture
             (SIC Code 25)	;	243
Figure 7-13.  Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste,  1991-1996:
             Furniture (SIC Code 25)	•	252

Box 7-1.     SIC Code 25, Furniture and Fixtures:  Codes and Classifications	220

Map 7-1.     Total On- and Off-site Releases, 1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25	231

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         Contents
CHAPTER 8 —TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA FOR PRINTING AND
               PUBLISHING (SIC CODE 27)	255

A Look at the Printing and Publishing Industry (SIC Code 27)	255
1996 TRI Data for Printing and Publishing	257
    Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 27	258
  On- and Off-site Releases	259
  Other On-site Waste Management	260
  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	262
1996 TRI Data by State for Printing and Publishing	262
1996 TRI Data by Chemical for Printing and Publishing	266
  OSHA Carcinogens	266
1996 TRI Chemicals in Waste for Printing and Publishing	269
  Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste	270
  Source Reduction Activity	271
Year-to-Year Comparisons for Printing and Publishing	274
  1995-1996 TRI Data for Printing and Publishing	274
    On-and Off-site Releases	274
    Other On-site Waste Management	274
    Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	274
  1988-1996 TRI Data for Printing and Publishing	276
    1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries hi Printing and Publishing	278
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996	284
  1991-1996 Waste Management Data for Printing and Publishing	286
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996	288


                                CHAPTER 8 — EXHIBITS

Table 8-1.    Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Printing and
             Publishing, SIC Code 27	258
Table 8-2.    Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27	259
Table 8-3.    TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27
             (in Rank Order)	260
Table 8-4.    TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Printing and Publishing,
             SIC Code 27 (in Rank Order)	261
Table 8-5.    TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Printing and
             Publishing, SIC Code 27 (in Rank Order)	263
Table 8-6.    Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996:  Printing and Publishing,
             SIC Code 27	265
Table 8-7.    The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:
             Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27 (in Rank Order)	268

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Contents
Table 8-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code,
1996: Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27 (in Rank Order) 268
Table 8-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Printing and
Publishing, SIC Code 27 (in Rank Order) 270
Table 8-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27 272
Table 8-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Printing and
Publishing, SIC Code 27 273
Table 8-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:
Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27 275
Table 8-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-
1996: Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27 277
Table 8-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27 280
Table 8-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and
1994-1996: Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27 282
Table 8-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code,
1988 and 1994-1996: Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27 285
Table 8-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991, 1994-1996: Printing and Publishing,
SIC Code 27 287

Figure 8-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Printing and
Publishing (SIC Code 27) 260
Figure 8-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27)..: 261
Figure 8-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Printing and
Publishing (SIC Code 27) 262
Figure 8-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27) 263
Figure 8-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:
Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27) 264
Figure 8-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with
Largest Totals, 1996: Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27) 264
Figure 8-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
Largest Totals, 1996: Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27) 269
Figure 8-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste, 1996: Printing and Publishing
(SIC Code 27) 270
Figure 8-9. Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27) 271

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         Contents
 Figure 8-10.  Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste,
             1996-1998: Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27)	273
 Figure 8-11.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:
             Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27)	276
 Figure 8-12.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996: Printing and
             Publishing (SIC Code 27)	278
 Figure 8-13.  Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
             Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27)	289

 Box 8-1.     SIC Code 27, Printing, Publishing, and Allied Industries:  Codes and
             Classifications	256

 Map 8-1.     Total On- and Off-site Releases, 1996: Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27	267


 CHAPTER 9 —TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA FOR RUBBER AND PLASTICS
                PRODUCTS (SIC CODE 30)	291

 A Look at the Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics Products Industry (SIC Code 30)	291
  Plastics Products	293
  Rubber Products	',	293
 1996 TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products	293
     Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 30	296
  On- and Off-site Releases	296
  Other On-site Waste Management	297
  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	300
 1996 TRI Data by State for Rubber and Plastics Products	300
 1996 TRI Data by Chemical for Rubber and Plastics Products	302
  OSHA Carcinogens	305
 1996 TRI Chemicals in Waste for Rubber and Plastics Products	306
  Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste	309
  Source Reduction Activity	309
Year-to-Year Comparisons for Rubber and Plastics Products	309
  1995-1996 TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products	309
    On-and Off-site Releases	310
    Other On-site Waste Management	313
    Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	313
  1988-1996 TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products	314
    1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in Rubber and Plastics Products	314
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996	321
  1991-1996 Waste Management Data for Rubber and Plastics Products	324
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996	324

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Contents
CHAPTER 9 — EXHIBITS

Table 9-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Rubber and Plastics
Products, SIC Code 30 294
Table 9-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30 297
Table 9-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products,
SIC Code 30 (in Rank Order) ;. 298
Table 9-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products,
SIC Code 30 (in Rank Order) 299
Table 9-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Rubber and Plastics
Products, SIC Code 30 (in Rank Order) 301
Table 9-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products,
SIC Code 30 303
Table 9-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:
Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30 (in Rank Order) 305
Table 9-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code,
1996: Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30 (in Rank Order) 306
Table 9-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Rubber and
Plastics Products, SIC Code 30 (in Rank Order) 307
Table 9-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30 310
Table 9-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Rubber and
Plastics Products, SIC Code 30 311
Table 9-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:
Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30 312
Table 9-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1988 and
1994-1996: Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30 315
Table 9-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30 317
Table 9-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30 319
Table 9-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988
and 1994-1996: Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30 322
Table 9-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991, 1994-1996: Rubber and Plastics Products,
SIC Code 30 - • 325

Figure 9-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Rubber and Plastics
Products (SIC Code 30) 298
Figure 9-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30) 299

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Contents
Figure 9-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Rubber and
Plastics Products (SIC Code 30) 300
Figure 9-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30) 300
Figure 9-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:
Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30) 301
Figure 9-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
Totals, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30) 302
Figure 9-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
Largest Totals, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30) 307
Figure 9-8. Distribution of TRI Production- related Waste, 1996: Rubber and Plastics
Products (SIC Code 30) 308
Figure 9-9. Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30) 308
Figure 9-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste,
1996-1998: Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30) ', 311
Figure 9-11. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996: Rubber and
Plastics Products (SIC Code 30) 313
Figure 9-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996: Rubber and
Plastics Products (SIC Code 30) : 316
Figure 9-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996: Rubber
and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30) 326

Box 9-1. SIC Code 30, Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics Products: Codes and
Classifications 292

Map 9-1. Total On- and Off-site Releases, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products,
SIC Code 30 304

CHAPTER 10 — TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA FOR LEATHER AND
LEATHER PRODUCTS (SIC CODE 31) 329

A Look at the Leather and Leather Products Industry (SIC Code 31) 329
1996 TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products 331
Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 31 332
On- and Off-site Releases 333
Other On-site Waste Management 334
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management 336
1996 TRI Data by State for Leather and Leather Products 337
1996 TRI Data by Chemical for Leather and Leather Products 339
OSHA Carcinogens 341

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                                                                         Contents
1996 TRI Chemicals in Waste for Leather and Leather Products	342
  Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals hi Waste	343
  Source Reduction Activity	345
Year-to-Year Comparisons for Leather and Leather Products	347
  1995-1996 TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products	347
    On-and Off-site Releases..	347
    Other On-site Waste Management	347
    Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	347
  1988-1996 TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products	349
     1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in Leather and Leather Products	352
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996	355
  1991-1996 Waste Management Data for Leather and Leather Products	357
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996	357


                                 CHAPTER 10 — EXHIBITS

Table 10-1.   Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Leather and Leather
             Products, SIC Code 31....	332
Table 10-2.   Multiple SIC Codes, 1996:  Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31	333
Table 10-3.   TRI On-site and Off-site Releases,  1996: Leather and Leather Products,
             SIC Code 31 (in Rank Order)	334
Table 10-4.   TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Leather and Leather Products,
             SIC Code 31 (in Rank Order)	335
Table 10-5.   TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Leather and Leather
             Products, SIC Code 31 (in Rank Order)	337
Table 10-6.   Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Leather and Leather Products,
             SIC Code 31	339
Table 10-7.   The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:
             Leather and Leather Products, SIC  Code 31 (in Rank Order)	341
Table 10-8.   TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:
             Leather and Leather Products, SIC  Code 31 (hi Rank Order)	341
Table 10-9.    Quantities of TRI Chemicals hi Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Leather and
             Leather Products, SIC Code 31 (in  Rank Order)	343
Table 10-10.  Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
             Leather and Leather Products, SIC  Code 31	345
Table 10-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Leather and
              Leather Products, SIC Code 31	346
Table 10-12.  Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
              Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:
              Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31	348

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Contents
Table 10-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1988 and
1994-1996: Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31 350
Table 10-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31 353
Table 10-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31 354
Table 10-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988
and 1994-1996: Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31 356
Table 10-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991, 1994-1996: Leather and Leather Products,
SIC Code 31 358

Figure 10-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Leather and Leather
Products (SIC Code 31) 334
Figure 10-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
Leather and Leather Products (SIC Code 31) 335
Figure 10-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Leather and
Leather Products (SIC Code 31) 336
Figure 10-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Leather and Leather Products (SIC Code 31) 336
Figure 10-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:
Leather and Leather Products (SIC Code 31) 337
Figure 10-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
Totals, 1996: Leather and Leather Products (SIC Code 31) 338
Figure 10-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
Largest Totals, 1996: Leather and Leather Products (SIC Code 31) 342
Figure 10-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste, 1996: Leather and Leather
Products (SIC Code 31) 343
Figure 10-9. Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Leather and Leather Products (SIC Code 31) 344
Figure 10-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste,
1996-1998: Leather and Leather Products (SIC Code 31) 346
Figure 10-11. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996: Leather and
Leather Products (SIC Code 31) 349
Figure 10-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996: Leather and
Leather Products (SIC Code 31) 351
Figure 10-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
Leather and Leather Products (SIC Code 31) 359

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                                                                       Contents
Box 10-1.     SIC Code 31, Leather and Leather Products: Codes and Classifications	330

Map 10-1.     Total On- and Off-site Releases, 1996: Leather and Leather Products,
             SIC Code 31	340


CHAPTER 11 — TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA FOR STONE, CLAY, GLASS,
                 AND CONCRETE (SIC CODE 32)	„	361

A Look at the Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete Industry (SIC Code 32)	361
1996 TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete	364
    Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 32	1	366
  On- and Off-site Releases	367
  Other On-site Waste Management	368
  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste  Management....	371
1996 TRI Data by State for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete	373
1996 TRI Data by Chemical for Stone,  Clay, Glass, and Concrete	375
  OSHA Carcinogens	377
1996 TRI Chemicals in Waste for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete	 379
  Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste	,	380
  Source Reduction Activity	383
Year-to-Year Comparisons for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete	383
  1995-1996 TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete	383
    On-and Off-site Releases	384
    Other On-site Waste Management	,	386
    Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	387
  1988-1996 TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete	'.	387
    1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete	389
  1991-1996 Waste Management Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete	396


                                CHAPTER 11 — EXHIBITS

Table 11-1.   Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass,
             and Concrete, SIC Code 32	364
Table 11-2.   Multiple SIC Codes, 1996:  Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32	367
Table 11-3.   TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:  Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete,
             SIC Code 32 (in Rank Order)	368
Table 11-4.   TRI Other On-site Waste Management,: 1996:  Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete,
             SIC Code 32 (in Rank Order)	370
Table 11-5.   TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass,
             and Concrete, SIC Code 32 (in Rank Order)	372

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         Contents
Table 11-6.   Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete,
             SIC Code 32	374
Table 11-7.   The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:
             Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32 (in Rank Order)	377
Table 11-8.   TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code,
             1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32 (in Rank Order)	378
Table 11-9.   Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Stone, Clay,
             Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32 (in Rank Order)	380
Table 11-10.  Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
             Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32	382
Table 11-11.  Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Stone, Clay,
             Glass, and Concrete,  SIC Code 32	384
Table 11-12.  Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
             Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:
             Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32	385
Table 11-13.  Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
             Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1988
             and 1994-1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32	388
Table 11-14.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
             Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32	391
Table 11-15.  TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and
             1994-1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32	394
Table 11-16.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code,
             1988 and 1994-1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32	397
Table 11-17.  TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and
             Concrete, SIC Code 32	400

Figure 11-1.  Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass
             and Concrete (SIC Code 32)	368
Figure 11-2.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996: Stone,
             Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)	369
Figure 11-3.  Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass,
             and Concrete (SIC Code 32)	....371
Figure 11-4.  TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
             Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)	371
Figure 11-5.  Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:
             Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)	372
Figure 11-6.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
             Totals, 1996:  Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)	373
Figure 11-7.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
             Largest Totals, 1996: Stone, Clay,  Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)	379

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                                                                        Contents
Figure 11-8.   Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and
             Concrete (SIC Code 32)	380
Figure 11-9.   Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
             Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)	381
Figure 11-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
             Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)	383
Figure 11-11. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996: Stone, Clay,
             Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)	:	,	386
Figure 11-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996: Stone, Clay,
             Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)	;	389
Figure 11-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
             Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)	401

Box 11-1.    SIC Code 32, Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete: Codes and Classifications	362

Map 11-1.    Total On- and Off-site Releases, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete,
             SIC Code 32	376


CHAPTER 12 — TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA FOR FABRICATED METALS
                 (SIC CODE 34)	403

A Look at the Fabricated Metal Products Industry (SIC Code 34)	403
1996 TRI Data for Fabricated Metals	406
    Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 34	;.	407
  On- and Off-site Releases	412
  Other On-site Waste Management	414
  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management....	,	415
1996 TRI Data by State for Fabricated Metals	418
1996 TRI Data by Chemical for Fabricated Metals	.	;.... 420
  OSHA Carcinogens	420
1996 TRI Chemicals in Waste for Fabricated Metals	422
  Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste	425
  Source Reduction Activity	428
Year-to-Year Comparisons for Fabricated Metals	428
  1995-1996 TRI Data for Fabricated Metals	428
    On-and Off-site Releases	429
    Other On-site Waste Management	431
    Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management....	432
  1988-1996 TRI Data for Fabricated Metals	432
  1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in Fabricated Metals	434
    On-and Off-site Releases	:	434

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Contents
Other On-site Waste Management 435
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management , 435
Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996 444
1991-1996 Waste Management Data for Fabricated Metals 449
Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996 449

CHAPTER 12 — EXHIBITS

Table 12-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Fabricated Metals,
SIC Code 34 408
Table 12-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34 410
Table 12-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34
(in Rank Order) 412
Table 12-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34
(in Rank Order) 414
Table 12-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Fabricated Metals,
SIC Code 34 (in Rank Order) 417
Table 12-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34 419
Table 12-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:
Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34 (in Rank Order) 422
Table 12-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code,
1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34 (in Rank Order) 423
Table 12-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Fabricated
Metals, SIC Code 34 (in Rank Order) 425
Table 12-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34 427
Table 12-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Fabricated
Metals, SIC Code 34 429
Table 12-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:
Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34 430
Table 12-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1988 and
1994-1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34 433
Table 12-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34 436
Table 12-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34 440

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                                                                              Contents
 Table 12-16.

 Table 12-17.


 Figure 12-1.

 Figure 12-2.

 Figure 12-3.

 Figure 12-4.

 Figure 12-5.

 Figure 12-6.

 Figure 12-7.

 Figure 12-8.

 Figure 12-9.

 Figure 12-10.

 Figure 12-11.

 Figure 12-12.

 Figure 12-13.


 Box 12-1.
 TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code,
 1988 and 1994-1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34, Continued	,	445
 TRI Waste Management Data, 1991, 1994-1996: Fabricated Metals,
 SIC Code 34	459

 Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:  Fabricated Metals
 (SIC Code 34)	.'	413
 TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
 Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)	413
 Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Fabricated Metals
 (SIC Code 34)	.....415
 TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
 Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)	416
 Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:
 Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)	418
 TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
 Totals, 1996: Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)	418
 TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
 Largest Totals, 1996: Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)	424
 Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste, 1996: Fabricated Metals
 (SIC Code 34)	426
 Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
 Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)	426
 Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
 Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)	428
 Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996: Fabricated
 Metals (SIC Code 34)	431
 Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996: Fabricated
Metals (SIC Code 34)	434
Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)	451

SIC Code 34, Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Transportation
Equipment: Codes and Classifications	;	404
Map 12-1.    Total On- and Off-site Releases, 1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34	421

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t^^jirjfc;
         Contents
 CHAPTER 13 — TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA FOR INDUSTRIAL
                 MACHINERY (SIC CODE 35)	453

 A Look at the Industrial and Commercial Machinery and Computer Equipment Industry
 (SIC Code 35)	453
 1996 TRI Data for Industrial Machinery	457
     Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 35	460
   On-and Off-site Releases	462
   Other On-site Waste Management	463
   Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	464
 1996 TRI Data by State for Industrial Machinery	469
 1996 TRI Data by Chemical for Industrial Machinery	469
   OSHA Carcinogens	472
 1996 TRI Chemicals in Waste for Industrial Machinery	474
   Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste	476
   Source Reduction Activity	479
 Year-to-Year Comparisons for Industrial Machinery	481
   1995-1996 TRI Data for Industrial Machinery	481
     On-and Off-site Releases	481
     Other On-site Waste Management	481
     Transfers Off-site for  Further Waste Management	481
   1988-1996 TRI Data for Industrial Machinery	484
     1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in Industrial Machinery	486
     Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996	498
   1991-1996 Waste Management Data for Industrial Machinery	504
     Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996	.....504


                                  CHAPTER 13 — EXHIBITS

 Table 13-1.   Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Industrial Machinery,
             SIC Code 35	458
 Table 13-2.   Multiple SIC Codes, 1996:  Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35	461
 Table 13-3.   TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35
             (in Rank Order)	462
 Table 13-4.   TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35
             (in Rank Order)	465
 Table 13-5.   TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:  Industrial
             Machinery,  SIC Code 35 (in Rank Order)	467
 Table 13-6.   Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35	470

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Contents
Table 13-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:
Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35 (in Rank Order) 472
Table 13-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code,
1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35 (in Rank Order) 473
Table 13-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Industrial
Machinery, SIC Code 35 (in Rank Order) 475
Table 13-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35 478
Table 13-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Industrial
Machinery, SIC Code 35 480
Table 13-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:
Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35 482
Table 13-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1994-1996:
Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35 485
Table 13-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Industrial Machinery, SIC Code"35 490
Table 13-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35 493
Table 13-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code,
1988 and 1994-1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35 499
Table 13-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991, 1994-1996: Industrial Machinery,
SIC Code 35 505

Figure 13-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Industrial Machinery
(SIC Code 35) 463
Figure 13-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35) 464
Figure 13-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Industrial
Machinery (SIC Code 35) 466
Figure 13-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35) 466
Figure 13-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:
Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35) , 468
Figure 13-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
Totals, 1996: Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35) 468
Figure 13-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
Largest Totals, 1996: Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35) 474
Figure 13-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste, 1996: Industrial Machinery
(SIC Code 35) 476

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         Contents
Figure 13-9.   Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
             Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)	477
Figure 13-10.  Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
             Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)	479
Figure 13-11.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996: Industrial
             Machinery (SIC Code 35)	483
Figure 13-12.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996: Industrial
             Machinery (SIC Code 35)	486
Figure 13-13.  Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
             Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)	506

Box 13-1.     SIC Code 35, Industrial and Commercial Machinery and Computer Equipment:
             Codes and Classifications	454

Map 13-1.    Total On- and Off-site Releases, 1996:  Industrial Machinery Products,
             SIC Code 35	471


CHAPTER 14 — TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION
                 (SIC CODE 37)	509

A Look at the Transportation Equipment Industry (SIC Code 37)	509
  Motor Vehicles and Equipment	509
  Aerospace and Shipbuilding	512
1996 TRI Data for Transportation Equipment	513
    Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 37	514
  On-and Off-site Releases	514
  Other On-site Waste Management	515
  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	516
1996 TRI Data by State for Transportation Equipment	517
1996 TRI Data by Chemical for Transportation Equipment	522
  OSHA Carcinogens	522
1996 TRI Chemicals in Waste for Transportation Equipment	525
  Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste	526
  Source Reduction Activity	527
Year-to-Year Comparisons for Transportation Equipment	528
  1995-1996 TRI Data for Transportation Equipment	528
    On-and Off-site Releases	529
    Other On-site Waste Management	530
    Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	530
  1988-1996 TRI Data for Transportation Equipment	532
    1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in Transportation Equipment;	535

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Contents
Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996 538
1991-1996 Waste Management Data for Transportation Equipment 543
Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996 545

CHAPTER 14 — EXHIBITS

Table 14-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Transportation
Equipment, SIC Code 37 512
Table 14-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37 515
Table 14-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Transportation Equipment,
SIC Code 37 (in Rank Order) , 516
Table 14-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Transportation Equipment,
SIC Code 37 (in Rank Order) ; 518
Table 14-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Transportation
Equipment, SIC Code 37 (in Rank Order) 519
Table 14-6. - Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Transportation Equipment,
SIC Code 37 521
Table 14-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:
Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37 (in Rank Order) 524
Table 14-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code,
1996: Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37 (in Rank Order) 524
Table 14-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Transportation
Equipment, SIC Code 37 (in Rank Order) 526
Table 14-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37 528
Table 14-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Transportation
Equipment, SIC Code 37 , 530
Table 14-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-Site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:
Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37. 531
Table 14-13. Comparison of TRI On-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37 533
Table 14-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37. 536
Table 14-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37 539
Table 14-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code,
1988 and 1994-1996: Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37 541
Table 14-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991, 1994-1996: Transportation Equipment,
SIC Code 37 544

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Contents
Figure 14-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Transportation
Equipment (SIC Code 37) 516
Figure 14-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37) 517
Figure 14-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Transportation
Equipment (SIC Code 37) 518
Figure 14-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37) 519
Figure 14-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:
Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37) 520
Figure 14-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
Totals, 1996: Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37) 520
Figure 14-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
Largest Totals, 1996: Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37) 525
Figure 14-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste, 1996: Transportation
Equipment (SIC Code 37) 526
Figure 14-9. Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals,
1996: Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37) 527
Figure 14-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37). 529
Figure 14-11. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996: Transportation
Equipment (SIC Code 37) r 532
Figure 14-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996: Transportation
Equipment (SIC Code 37) 534
Figure 14-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37) 545

Box 14-1. SIC Code 37, Transportation Equipment: Codes and Classifications 510

Map 14-1. Total On- and Off-site Releases, 1996: Transportation Equipment,
SIC Code 37 523

CHAPTER 15 — INSTRUMENTS AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT (SIC CODE 38) 549

A Look at the Instruments and Photographic Equipment Industry (SIC Code 38) 549
1996 TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment 552
Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 38 554
On-and Off-site Releases 554
Other On-site Waste Management 556
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management 557
1996 TRI Data by State for Instruments and Photographic Equipment 558

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                                                                           Contents
 1996 TRI Data by Chemical for Instruments and Photographic Equipment	563
   OSHA Carcinogens	,	564
 1996 TRI Chemicals in Waste for Instruments and Photographic Equipment	564
   Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste	567
   Source Reduction Activity	569
 Year-to-Year Comparisons for Instruments and Photographic Equipment	569
   1995-1996 TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment	569
    On-and Off-site Releases	570
    Other On-site Waste Management	570
    Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	572
   1988-1996 TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment	573
    1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in Instruments and Photographic Equipment	575
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996	581
   1991-1996 Waste Management Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment	;	584
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996	584

                                 CHAPTER 15 — EXHIBITS

 Table 15-1.   Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Instruments and
             Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38	552
 Table 15-2.   Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment,
             SIC Code 38	554
 Table 15-3.   TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Instruments and Photographic
             Equipment, SIC Code 38	;	555
 Table 15-4.   TRI Other On-site Waste Management,  1996: Instruments and Photographic
             Equipment, SIC Code 38 (in Rank Order)	557
 Table 15-5.   TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:  Instruments and
             Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38 (in Rank Order)	559
 Table 15-6.   Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Instruments and Photographic
             Equipment, SIC Code 38	561
 Table 15-7.   The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:
             Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38 (in Rank Order)	563
Table 15-8.   TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code,
             1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38 (in Rank Order)	565
Table 15-9.   Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Instruments
             and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38 (in Rank Order)	566
Table 15-10.  Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
             Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38	568
Table 15-11.  Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Instruments and
             Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38..;	570

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Contents
Table 15-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:
Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38 571
Table 15-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1988 and
1994-1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38 574
Table 15-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38 577
Table 15-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38 579
Table 15-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code,
1988 and 1994-1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38 582
Table 15-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991, 1994-1996: Instruments and Photographic
Equipment, SIC Code 38 585

Figure 15-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Instruments and
Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38) 555
Figure 15-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38) 556
Figure 15-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Instruments and
Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38) 557
Figure 15-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38) 558
Figure 15-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:
Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38) 559
Figure 15-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
Totals, 1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38) 560
Figure 15-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with Largest
Totals, 1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38) 565
Figure 15-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste, 1996: Instruments and Photographic
Equipment (SIC Code 38) 566
Figure 15-9. Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38) 567
Figure 15-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38) 569
Figure 15-11. Percentage Change hi On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996: Instruments and
Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38) 572
Figure 15-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996: Instruments and
Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38) 575
Figure 15-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38) 586

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                                                                         Contents
Box 15-1.     SIC Code 38, Measuring, Analyzing, and Controlling Instruments; Photographic,
             Medical, and Optical Goods; Watches and Clocks: Codes and Classifications	550

Map 15-1.     Total On- and Off-site Releases, 1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment,
             SIC Code 38	562


CHAPTER 16 — TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA FOR MISCELLANEOUS
                MANUFACTURING (SIC CODE 39)	,...589

A Look at the Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (SIC Code 39)	589
1996 TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing	591
    Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 39	.	592
  On- and Off-site Releases	593
  Other On-site Waste Management	595
  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management	596
1996 TRI Data by State for Miscellaneous Manufacturing	598
1996 TRI Data by Chemical for Miscellaneous Manufacturing	603
  OSHA Carcinogens	:	:	604
1996 TRI Chemicals in Waste for Miscellaneous Manufacturing	605
  Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste	607
  Source Reduction Activity	609
Year-to-Year Comparisons for Miscellaneous Manufacturing	610
  1995-1996 TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing	610
    On-and Off-site Releases	,	v	610
    Other On-site Waste Management	612
  1988-1996 TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing	612
    1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in Miscellaneous Manufacturing	615
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996	621
  1991-1996 Waste Management Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing	624
    Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996	626

                                 CHAPTER 16 — EXHIBITS

Table 16-1.   Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Miscellaneous
             Manufacturing, SIC Code 39	592
Table 16-2.   Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39	594
Table 16-3.   TRI On-site and Off-site Releases,  1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing,
             SIC Code 39 (in Rank Order)	594
Table 16-4.   TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing,
             SIC Code 39 (in Rank Order)	597

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Contents
Table 16-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Miscellaneous
Manufacturing, SIC Code 39 (in Rank Order) 599
Table 16-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing,
SIC Code 39 601
Table 16-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39 (in Rank Order) 603
Table 16-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code,
1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39 (in Rank Order) 604
Table 16-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Miscellaneous
Manufacturing, SIC Code 39 (in Rank Order) 606
Table 16-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39 608
Table 16-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Miscellaneous
Manufacturing, SIC Code 39 610
Table 16-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39 611
Table 16-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste
Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1988 and
1994-1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39 614
Table 16-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39 617
Table 16-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39 619
Table 16-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code,
1988 and 1994-1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39 622
Table 16-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991, 1994-1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing,
SIC Code 39 625

Figure 16-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996; Miscellaneous
Manufacturing (SIC Code 39) 595
Figure 16-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39) 596
Figure 16-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Miscellaneous
Manufacturing (SIC Code 39) 597
Figure 16-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39) 598
Figure 16-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39) 599
Figure 16-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
Totals, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39) 600

-------
Figure 16-7.

Figure 16-8.

Figure 16-9.

Figure 16-10.

Figure 16-11.

Figure 16-12.

Figure 16-13.


Box 16-1.

Map 16-1.
                                                                          Contents
TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
Largest Totals, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)	605
Distribution of TRI Production- related Waste, 1996: Miscellaneous
Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)	606
Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)	607
Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)	609
Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996: Miscellaneous
Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)	613
Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996: Miscellaneous
Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)	615
Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)	627

SIC Code 39, Miscellaneous Manufacturing: Codes and Classifications	590
                                  !
Total On- and Off-site Releases, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39	602
                                       APPENDICES

APPENDIX A — EPA REGIONAL OFFICE AND STATE TRI CONTACTS	A-1

EPA Regional Section 313 Coordinators	A-1
State TRI Public Contacts	A-3

APPENDIX B — TRI FORM R AND FORM A FOR 1996	B-1

FormR	B-1
Form A Certification Statement	B-1

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                                     Chapter 1
                Toxics Release Inventory Data
                                   by Industry
Introduction

In May 1998, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency published the 1996 Toxics Release
Inventory Public Data Release, summarizing the
1996 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) data
nationwide and presenting more detailed analyses
by state and by chemical. The document also
compared the 1996 data to earlier reporting years. It
supplied background information on TRI reporting,
described past and future changes in the TRI
program, and provided information that TRI users
need to consider in examining and analyzing these
data. Expanding on previous data release reports,
the release in May of the 1996 TRI Public Data
Release provided a more comprehensive view of
industry data and examined more closely TRI
reporting in five priority industrial sectors  and
federal facilities.

This volume presents the data for the remaining 15
industrial sectors, identified by Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) codes, that are presently
required to report to TRI. Similar to the May
release, these chapters set the TRI data in context
of economic, regulatory, and technological
developments that influence industry-wide releases
and other waste management. They also analyze
reporting by industrial activities at the four-digit
SIC code level.

Industry sectors covered in the two publications
appear in Box 1-1.
Box 1-1. Industry Sectors in the 1996 TRI Public Data
Release
         First Release, Spring 1998

  26  Pulp and Paper
  28  Chemical Manufacturing
  29  Petroleum Refining
  33  Primary Metals
  36  Electrical Equipment


         Second Release, Fall 1998

  20  Food and Beverage Processing
  21  Tobacco Products
  22  Textile Mill Products
  23  Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
  24  Lumber and Wood Products
  25  Furniture
  27  Printing and Publishing
  30  Rubber and Plastics Products
  31  Leather and Leather Products
  32  Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
  34  Fabricated Metals
  35  Industrial Machinery
  37  Transportation Equipment
  38  Instruments and Photographic Equipment
  39  Miscellaneous Manufacturing

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          Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Industry
 Context for  Presentation

 of Industry Data

 The 1996 TRI Public Data Release published hi
 May 1998 provides an overview of the information
 collected through TRI. It describes the benefits and
 limitations of the data, explains key terms, and
 discusses factors such as toxicity and exposure that
 should be considered when reviewing TRI data.
 This section presents selected summary information
 from the May 1998 document to facilitate the
 understanding of the industry-specific analyses in
 the chapters that follow. This includes
 characteristics of TRI data, key concepts, and
 supplemental economic information that are
 specifically referred to throughout this volume.
 Readers are encouraged to consult the earlier
 publication for additional mformation.

 Who Reports and What Must Be
 Reported?

 Manufacturing facilities with the equivalent of 10
 or more full-time employees that meet the
 established thresholds must report their releases,
 transfers, and waste management quantities to TRI.
 Thresholds for manufacturing and processing are
 currently 25,000 pounds for each listed chemical,
 while the threshold for "otherwise using" is 10,000
 pounds per chemical. Manufacturing facilities
 include those in SIC codes 20 to 39 (listed in Box
 1-1). Box 1-2 summarizes reporting criteria for
 facilities that must report to TRI. In July 1999 (for
reporting year 1998),  another seven industrial
sectors will report to TRI for the first time; these
appear in Box 1-3.
Box 1-2. Who Reported Toxic Chemical Release
Inventory Reports for the 1996 Reporting Year?
   Who Reported Toxic Chemical Release
        Inventory Reports for the 1996
               Reporting Year?

  A facility must report to TRI if it:

  •  Conducts manufacturing operations within Standard
     Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 20 through 39
     (or is a federal facility in any SIC code),

  •  Has 10 or more full-time equivalent employees, and

  •  Manufactures or processes more than 25,000 pounds
     or otherwise uses more than 10,000 pounds of any
     listed chemical during the calendar year.
Box 1-3. Who Will Report to TRI Starting in the 1998
Reporting Year?
       Who Will Report to TRI Starting
         in the 1998 Reporting Year?

     Metal mining (SIC code 10 except for SIC codes
     1011, 1081, and 1094)

     Coal mining (SIC code 12 except for extraction
     activities)

     Electrical utilities that combust coal and/or oil (SIC
     codes 493 land 4939)

     Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
     Subtitle C hazardous waste treatment and disposal
     facilities (SIC code 4953)

     Chemicals and  allied products wholesale distributors
     (SIC code 5169)

     Petroleum bulk plants and terminals (SIC code
     5171)

     Solvent recovery services (SIC code 7389)

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                                         Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Industt
Box 1-4 summarizes the kinds of information
facilities must report. Since its inception under the
Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA), TRI has
collected data on the amounts of chemicals that
facilities release to the environment on-site and
transfer off-site to other locations for waste
management. Passage of the federal Pollution
Prevention Act in 1990 expanded the information
that TRI collects. The additional data on waste
management include quantities recycled, burned for
energy recovery, treated, and released on-site or
off-site.

Box 1-4. What Must Be Reported to TRI?
           What Must Be Reported?

   Information reported by facilities includes:

  •   Basic information identifying the facility;
  •   Name and telephone number of a contact person;

  •   Environmental permits held;
  •   Amounts of each listed chemical released to the
      environment at the facility;
  •   Amounts of each chemical shipped from the facility
      to other locations for recycling, energy recovery,
      treatment, or disposal;
  •   Amounts of each chemical recycled, burned for
      energy recovery, or treated at the facility;
  •   Maximum amount of chemical present on-site at the
      facility during the year;
  •   Types of activities conducted at the facility
      involving the toxic chemical; and
  •   Source reduction activities.
 SIC Codes and TRI

 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes are
 used throughout the federal government to classify
 economic activity by industry. Industry analyses in
 TRI rely on the SIC codes that facilities report on
 their TRI submissions to identify their business
 operations. Many facilities conduct manufacturing
 activity in more than one SIC code. Box 1-5
 explains how SIC codes are used in preparing
 industry analyses in this book and how data on TRI
 forms with more than one SIC code are treated.

 Form A Certification Statements

 Facilities whose total annual reportable amount of a
 listed toxic chemical does not exceed 500 pounds
 can apply a higher activity threshold in determining
 their reporting obligations. The total annual
: reportable amount is defined as the sum of the
 waste management categories that would be
 reported to TRI: quantities released (including
 disposal), recovered as a result of on-site recycling
 operations, combusted on-site for energy recovery,
 and treated at the facility, plus amounts transferred
 off-site for recycling, energy recovery, treatment,
 and disposal. These amounts correspond to total
 production-related waste in this report.

 If the facility does not exceed the 500-pound annual
 reportable amount (total production-related waste)
 and does not manufacture, process, or otherwise
 use more than 1 million pounds of the listed
 chemical, the facility can submit a certification
 statement (Form A) instead of the complete TRI
 reporting form (Form R). Form A certifies that the
 facility met the conditions outlined above for the
 listed chemical, but does not require reporting of
; any amounts of the toxic chemical released or
 otherwise managed as waste.

 TRI Releases and Waste Management

 Figure 1-1 illustrates on-site and off-site releases,
 on-site waste management activities, and transfers
 off-site for further waste management, as reportable
 to TRI. Box  1-6 describes reportable releases that
[ may occur on-site at the facility or as a result of
: transferring chemicals off-site for disposal, and
 identifies types of activities that may contribute
 releases to various media. Box  1-7 lists on-site
 waste management activities that are reportable to
 TRI. Box 1-8 describes transfers off-site for further
 waste management.

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Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Industry
Box 1-5. An Explanation of SIC Codes and TRI
An Explanation of SIC Codes and TRI

On TRI Form Rs and certification statements, Form As, facilities report the four-digit Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) codes that define their operations. A facility might report, for example, SIC code 3714, motor vehicle parts and
accessories. These industries are grouped into broader categories at the three-digit and two-digit SIC code levels. For
example, motor vehicle parts and accessories falls into the motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment group at the three-
digit level (SIC code 371) and the transportation equipment major group (SIC code 37). Tables in this chapter present data
aggregated at the two-digit level.

TRI facilities may report up to six four-digit SIC codes that describe their operations. They submit one Form R or Form A
certification statement for each chemical they are reporting. If all the processes or operations that are associated with a
facility's releases or other waste management of a TRI chemical can be described by one SIC code, then only one SIC code
is reported on the form. If several economic activities, designated by different SIC codes, describe the specific operations at a
facility that are associated with releases or other waste management of a TRI chemical, then the facility will report those SIC
codes (up to six) on the form it submits for that chemical.

Industrial facilities often conduct inter-related operations. They may, for example, manufacture distinct products using
common or related feedstocks. Such products may be classified in similar but separate categories in the SIC system. Thus,
many forms submitted to TRI contain more than one industrial classification. When TRI data are analyzed by industry—that
is, by SIC code—forms that report more than one SIC code must be categorized separately because they do not fall into the
individual industry groups. This affects analyses at the four-digit level, as presented in Chapters 2 through 16, and it affects
analyses when data are aggregated at the two-digit level, as in this chapter.

Four-digit Multiple SIC Codes: Forms that report multiple SIC codes within the same two-digit SIC codes are categorized
as "multiple codes" in the analyses of TRI data in Chapters 2 through 16. A facility that makes vehicle bodies for both cars
and trucks will report both SIC code 3711 (motor vehicles and passenger car bodies) and SIC code 3713 (truck and bus
bodies). In the analyses in Chapter 14 of TRI reporting in the transportation equipment sector (SIC code 37), data from these
forms are included in the "multiple-codes" category. In some industrial sectors, such as chemical manufacturing (SIC code
28, analyzed in Chapter 6 of the May 1996 TRI Public Data Release), the majority of TRI reporting occurs on forms with
multiple SIC codes at the four-digit level.

Two-digit Multiple SIC Codes: In this chapter, the "multiple codes" category represents forms that report in more than one
two-digit SIC code. For example, a facility may manufacture motor vehicle parts (in SIC code 37) and also fabricate other
metal products (in SIC code 34); it will report SIC codes in both of these sectors on its TRI forms (such as SIC codes 3714
(motor vehicle parts and accessories) and 3465 (automotive stampings). Data from these forms are classified in the "multiple
codes" category in this chapter, where the tables analyze the TRI data at the two-digit level. In this chapter, TRI forms from
the facility that manufactures vehicle bodies for both cars and trucks would be included in SIC code 37, because both of its
four-digit SIC codes (SIC code 3711 and SIC code 3713) fall within SIC code 37.

On forms with more than one SIC code, any SIC code that is not within manufacturing (that is, not within the SIC code range
20 to 39) is ignored when assigning a form to an industry category. For example, a form with the SIC code 3241
(manufacture of hydraulic cement) and SIC code 4953 (refuse systems) would be included in SIC code 3241 in Chapter 11
and in SIC code 32 in this chapter. (In this example, the facility would be a waste incinerator that collects and burns refuse to
fuel a cement kiln.)

Federal Facilities: Federal facilities report the SIC codes that describe their activity; these may or may not fall within the
manufacturing categories, SIC codes 20 to 39, that have reported to TRI since its inception. (As explained earlier in this
chapter, additional industries will begin reporting with the 1998 reporting year.) Tables in this chapter incorporate amounts
submitted by federal facilities in the SIC codes they reported, just as is done for private sector facilities. In each table, a
separate summary of federal facilities' data is presented as well, following the totals.

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                           Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Industi
       Releases
                             On-sSte
                         Waste Management
   Air
Water
Recycling
 Energy
Recovery
Underground
  Injection
Land
                                                   Treatment
        Releases
                             Off-site
                         Waste Management
       I
         Disposal
                                           Energy
                                          Recovery
                                          Treatment

                   Figure 1-1. Information Collected Under TRI
                                          POTWs

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Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Industry
Box 1-6. An Explanation of On- and Off-site Releases
An Explanation of On- and Off-site Releases

A release is a discharge of a toxic chemical to the environment. On-site releases include emissions to the air, discharges to
bodies of water, releases at the facility to land, as well as into underground injection wells. Releases are reported to TRI by
media type. Chemicals in waste transferred off-site for disposal are also released to the environment. On- and off-site
releases thus include releases to the environment at the facility (reported in Section 5 for Form R) plus off-site transfers to
disposal (reported in Section 6 of Form R).

Air Emissions. Releases to air are reported either as point source or fugitive emissions. Point source emissions, also referred
to as stack emissions, occur through confined air streams, such as stacks, vents, ducts, or pipes. Fugitive emissions are all
releases to air that are not released through a confined air stream. Fugitive emissions include equipment leaks, evaporative
losses from surface impoundments and spills, and releases from building ventilation systems.

Surface Water Discharges. Releases to water include discharges to streams, rivers, lakes, oceans, and other bodies of water.
This includes releases from contained sources, such as industrial process outflow pipes or open trenches. Releases due to
runoff, including stormwater runoff, are also reportable to TRI.

Underground Injection. Underground injection is the subsurface emplacement of fluids through wells. TRI chemicals
associated with manufacturing, the petroleum industry, mining, commercial and service industries, and Federal and
municipal government related activities may be injected into Class I, II, m, IV or V wells, if they do not endanger
underground sources of drinking water (USDW), public health or the environment. The different types of authorized
injection activities are described below:
• Class I industrial, municipal and manufacturing wells inject fluids into deep, confined and isolated formations below
potable water supplies.
• Class II oil and gas related wells which re-inject produced fluids for disposal, enhanced recovery of oil, or hydrocarbon
storage.
• Class ffl wells are associated with the solution mining of minerals.
• Class IV wells may inject hazardous or radioactive fluids directly or indirectly into USDW, only if the injection is part
of an authorized CERCLA/RCRA clean up operation.
• Class V wells, which include all types of injection wells which do not fall under I - IV, may inject only if they do not
endanger USDW, public health or the environment. Class V wells are, generally, shallow drainage wells, such as floor
drains connected to dry wells or drain fields.
Beginning with the 1996 reporting year, facilities separately report amounts injected into Class I wells and into all other
wells.

On-site Land Releases. On-site releases to land occur within the boundaries of the reporting facility. Releases to land
include disposal of toxic chemicals in landfills (in which wastes are buried), land treatment/application farming (in which a
waste containing a listed chemical is applied to or incorporated into soil), surface impoundments (which are uncovered
holding areas used to volatilize and/or settle waste materials), and other land disposal methods (such as waste piles) or
releases to land (such as spills or leaks). Beginning with the 1996 reporting year, facilities separately report amounts released
to RCRA Subtitle C landfills from amounts released to other on-site landfills.

Transfers Off-site to Disposal Toxic chemicals in waste that are transferred to a facility for disposal generally are either
released to land at an off-site facility or are injected underground.

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Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Indus
Box 1-7. An Explanation of On-site Waste Management
An Explanation of On-site Waste Management

On-site waste management activities are reported in Section 8 of Form R. These amounts do not include one-time events such
as accidental releases or remediation (clean-up).

Recycled On-site. This is the quantity of the toxic chemical recovered at the facility and made available for further use. It is
not the quantity that entered an on-site recycling or recovery operation.

Used for Energy Recovery On-site. This is the quantity of the toxic chemical that was combusted in some form of energy
recovery device, such as a furnace (including kilns) or boiler. The toxic chemical should have a heating value high enough to
sustain combustion. To avoid double-counting, the amount reported represents the amount destroyed in the combustion
process, not the amount that entered the energy recovery unit. For example, 100,000 pounds of toluene entered a boiler that,
on average, combusted 98% of the toluene. Any remaining toluene was discharged to air. A total of 98,000 pounds is reported
as combusted for energy recovery (the remaining 2,000 pounds is reported as released).

Treatment On-site. This is the quantity of the toxic chemical destroyed in on-site waste treatment operations, not the amount that
entered any treatment operation. For example, if 100,000 pounds of benzene were combusted in an incinerator that destroyed
99% of the benzene, the facility would report 99,000 pounds as treated on-site (the remaining 1,000 pounds would be reported as
released).
Box 1-8. An Explanation of Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
An Explanation of Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

An off-site transfer, reported in Section 6 of Form R, is the transfer of toxic chemicals in waste to a facility that is geographically
or physically separate from the facility reporting under TRI. Chemicals reported to TRI as transferred are sent to off-site facilities
for the purposes of recycling, energy recovery, treatment, or disposal. The quantities reported represent a movement of the
chemical away from the reporting facility. Except for off-site transfers to disposal, these quantities do not necessarily represent
entry of the chemical into the environment. Transfers to disposal represent an off-site release (see Box 1-6).

Transfers Off-site to Recycling. Toxic chemicals in waste that are sent off-site for the purposes of recycling are generally
recovered by a variety of recycling methods, including solvent recovery and metals recovery. The choice of the recycling
method depends on the toxic chemical being sent for recycling. Once they have been recycled, these chemicals may be
returned to the originating facility for further processing or made available for use in commerce.

Transfers Off-site to Energy Recovery. Toxic chemicals in waste sent off-site for purposes of energy recovery are combusted
off-site in industrial furnaces (including kilns) or boilers that-feBerate heat or energy for use at that location. Treatment of a
chemical by incineration is not considered to be energy recovery.

Transfers Off-site to Treatment. Toxic chemicals in waste that are transferred off-site may be treated through a variety of
methods, including biological treatment, neutralization, incineration, and physical separation. These methods typically result
in varying degrees of destruction of the toxic chemical. In some cases (such as stabilization or solidification), the chemical is
not destroyed but is prepared for further waste management, such as contained disposal.

Transfers to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs). A POTW is a wastewater treatment facility that is owned by a
state or municipality. Wastewaters from facilities reporting under TRI are transferred through pipes or sewers to a POTW.
Treatment or removal of a chemical from the wastewater depends upon the nature of the chemical, as well as the treatment
methods present at the POTW. In general, chemicals that are easily utilized as nutrients by microorganisms, or have a low
solubility in water, are likely to be removed to some extent. Chemicals that are volatile and have a low solubility in water may
evaporate into the atmosphere. Not all TRI chemicals can be treated or removed by a POTW. Some chemicals, such as metals,
may be removed, but are not destroyed and may be disposed of in landfills or discharged to receiving waters.

Other Off-site Transfers. In this report, toxic chemicals in waste that were reported as transferred off-site but for which the
off-site activity (i.e., treatment, disposal, energy recovery, or recycling) was not specified or was not an accepted code have
been classified as "other off-site transfers."

-------
         Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Industry
Differences between Amounts Reported in
Sections 5 and 6 and in Section 8 in Form R

Generally, the total of the on-site releases that a
facility reports in Section 5, plus transfers off-site
to disposal that it reports in Section 6 (designated
off-site releases in this publication), should equal
the quantity released on- and off-site that it reports
in Section 8.1. Further, transfers to recycling,
energy recovery, and treatment (including POTWs)
reported in Section 6 should correspond to
reporting of off-site recycling, energy recovery, and
treatment in Section 8.

Differences  arise for several reasons. Reporting in
Sections 5 and 6 includes releases and transfers
resulting from remedial actions or other one-tune
events; these are reported separately in Section 8. A
release or transfer of less than 1,000 pounds of a
chemical may be reported as a range rather than an
exact amount in Sections 5 and 6. Furthermore,
facilities can round off the quantities they report in
Section 8 to two significant digits. In addition,
some facilities may not understand that certain
amounts or totals that a facility reports  in Sections
5 and 6 should correspond to amounts reported in
the current-year column of Section 8, as described
above.

TRI Chemicals

In 1994, for the 1995 reporting year, EPA added
nearly  300 chemicals and chemical categories to
TRI. This expansion nearly doubled the TRI
chemical list. Specifically, EPA added more than
150 pesticides, certain Clean Air Act chemicals,
certain Clean Water Act Priority Pollutants, and
certain Safe Drinking Water Act chemicals. These
included carcinogens, reproductive toxicants, and
developmental toxicants. The 1996 data release
covers  the second year in which facilities have
reported on these chemicals.
OSHA Carcinogens

Some chemicals are listed in TRI because they are
either known human carcinogens or suspect
carcinogens. Known human carcinogens are those
that have been shown to cause cancer in humans.
Suspect carcinogens are those that have been
shown to cause cancer in animals. TRI thresholds
for reporting known and suspect carcinogens in
mixtures are lower than for other substances.

When a TRI chemical occurs in a mixture, it is
reportable only if the concentration of the chemical
in the mixture is above a specified percentage. For
non-carcinogenic TRI chemicals, this concentration
is 1.0%. In establishing reporting requirements for
substances designated as carcinogens, EPA adopted
the limitation set by the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration's (OSHA) Hazard
Communication Standards (29 CFR 1910.1200)
because much of the information that industry
would have relating to chemicals in a mixture
would be from the material safety data sheet
(MSDS).

Under OSHA standards, the "de minimis"
concentration for substances designated as
carcinogens is 0.1%. At a concentration of 0.1% or
more, a TRI chemical that is an OSHA carcinogen
must be included in facilities' calculations of
threshold and release amounts. The OSHA
limitation applies if the chemical is a known or
suspect carcinogen by virtue of appearing in one of
three sources:

    1.  National Toxicology Program (NTP),
       "Annual Report on Carcinogens" (Latest
       Edition);
    2.  International Agency for Research on
       Cancer (IARC) "Monographs" (Latest
       Editions); or
    3.  29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z, Toxic and
       Hazardous Substances, Occupational Safety
       and Health Administration.

Box 1-9 lists the OSHA carcinogens and the bases
for their designation.

-------
                                                     Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Indus,
Box 1-9.  Basis of OSHA Carcinogen Listing for Individual Chemicals
 Chemical
IARC   NTP    OSHA   Chemical
IARC   NTP  OSHA
 Acetaldehyde                              2B      P       —
 Acetamide                                2B      —       —
 2-Acetylaminofluorene                     —      P       Z
 Acrylamide                               2A      P       —
 Acrylonitrile                              2A      P       Z
 2-Aminoanthraquinone                     —      P       —
 4-Aminoazobenzene                        2B      —       —
 4-Aminobiphenyl                          1       K       Z
 l-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone             —      P       —
 Amitrole                                  2B      P
 o-Anisidine                               2B      —       —
 o-Anisidine hydrochloride                  —      P       —
 Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds     1       Kf       Z
 Asbestos (friable)                          1       K       Z
 Atrazine                                  2B      —       —
 Benzene                                  1       K       Z
 Benzidine                                 1       K       Z
 Benzoic trichloride                         2B      P       —
 Beryllium and beryllium compounds         1       Pf       —
 Bis(chloromethyl)ether                     1       K       Z
 1,3-Butadiene                             2A      P       —
 C.I. Acid Red 114                          2B               —
 C.I. Direct Black 38                        2A      P       —
 C.I. Direct Blue 6                          2A      P       —
 C.I. Direct Brown 95                       2A      —       —
 C.I. Food Red 5                            2B      —       —
 C.I. Solvent Yellow 34 (Auramine)           2B      —       —
 Cadmium and cadmium compounds          1       Pt       —
 Carbon tetrachloride                        2B      P       —
 Chlordane                                2B      —       —
 Chlorendic acid                            2B      P       —
 p-Chloroaniline                            2B      —       —
 Chloroform                               2B      P       •—
 Chloromethyl methyl ether                  1       K       Z
 3-Chloro-2-methyl-l-propene               —      P       —
 Chlorophenols                             2B      —       —
 p-Chloro-o-toluidine                        2B      —       —
 Chromium (VI) compounds                 IK       —
 Cobalt and cobalt compounds               2B      —       —
 Creosote                                  2A      —       —
 p-Cresidine                               2B      P       —
 Cupferron                                 —      P       —
 2,4-0$                                    2B      —       —•
 2,4-D butoxyethyl esterf                    2B      —       —
 2,4-D butyl ester$                          2B      —       —
                          2,4-D chlorocrotyl ester!
                          2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl ester!
                          2,4-D 2-ethyl-4methylpentyl ester!
                          2,4-Diaminoanisole
                          2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate
                          4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether
                          2,4-Diaminotoluene
                          Diaminotoluene (mixed isomers)
                          1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
                          1,2-Dibromoethane
                          1,4-Dichlorobenzene
                          Dichlorobenzene (mixed isomers)
                          3,3 '-Dichlorobenzidine
                          3,3'-Dichlorobenzidinedihydrochloride
                          3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine sulfate
                          1,2-Dichloroethane
                          Dichloromethane
                          trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
                          1,3-Dichloropropyene
                          Dichlorvos
                          Diepoxybutane
                          Di-(2-ethyIhexyl)phthalate
                          Diethyl sulfate
                          Diglycidyl resorcinol ether
                          Dihydrosafrole
                          3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
                          3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochloride
                          3,3 '-Dimethoxybenzidine hydrochloride
                          4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
                          3,3 '-Dimethylbenzidine
                          3,3 '-Dimethylbenzidine dihydrochloride
                          3,3 '-Dimethylbenzidine dihydrofluoride
                          Dimethylcarbamyl chloride
                          N,N-Dimethylformamide
                          1,1 -Dimethylhydrazine
                          Dimethyl sulfate
                          1,4-Dioxane
                          1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
                          2,4-D isopropyl ester!
                          2,4-DP!
                          2,4-D propylene glycol butyl ether ester!
                          2,4-D sodium salt!
                          Epichlorohydrin
                          Ethyl acrylate
                          Ethyleneimine
2B      —
2B      —
2B      —
2B      —
—      P
2B      —
2B      P
2B
2B
2A
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2A
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2A
2B
2B
2A
2B
  2B
  2B
  2B
  2B
  2A
  2B
          P      —
          P       Z
          P      —
          P      —
          P      —
          P       Z
          P      —
          P      —
          p      	
          P      —

          P      —

          P      —
          P      —
          P      —
          P      —

          P      —
          p      	
          P      —
          P       Z
          p      	
          p      	
          p      	
          p      —

          p      —
          p      	
          p      —
          p      —
        p
        p
  —     —      Z
Note:  The list of TRI chemicals meeting the OSHA carcinogen standard and, therefore, reported when in a mixture at a concentration level below the de minimis
       level of 0.1 %, has been updated, and this list reflects the update.
IARC:  1-The chemical is carcinogenic to humans; 2A-The chemical is probably carcinogenic to humans; 2B-The chemical is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
NTP:   K-The chemical is known to be carcinogenic; P-The chemical may reasonably be anticipated to be carcinogenic.
OSHA: Z-The chemical appears at 29 CFR Part 1910 Subpart Z.              '
t      Certain compounds.
$      Chlorophenoxy herbicides (IARC 2B).

-------
             Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Industry
Box 1-9. Basis of OSHA Carcinogen Listing for Individual Chemicals, Continued
Chemical
Ethylene oxide
Ethylcnc thiourea
Formaldehyde
Hcptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Hydrazine
Hydrazine sulfate
Lead and inorganic lead compounds
Lindnne
Mecopropf
Methoxonetj:
Methoxone sodium saltt
4,4-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline)
4,4'-Me(hylenehis (N,N-dimethyl)
benzeneamine
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
Michler's ketone
Mustard gas
alpha-Naphthylamine
beta-Naphthylamine
Nickel
Nickel compounds
Nitrilotriacetic acid
4-Nitrobiphenyl
Nitrofen
Nitrogen mustard
2-Nitropropane
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
N-Nilroso-N-methylurea
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamlne
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosonomicotine
N-N5trosopiperidine
Pentachlorophenol
Phenytoin
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs):
Benz(a)anthracene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
IARC
1
2B
2A
2B
2B
2B
2B
—
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2A
2B

2B
• —
1
—
1
2B
1
—
—
2B
2A
2B
2B
2A
2A
2B
2A
2A
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2A

2A
2B
NTP OSHA
P Z
P —
P Z
— —
P —
P —
P —
P —
— Z
P —
— —
— —
— —
P 	
P —

P Z
P —
K —
— Z
K Z
P —
Pt —
P —
^^ Z
P —
— —
P —
P 	
P —
P Z
P 	
P —
P —
P —
P 	
P —
P —
— —
P —
P —
P —

P —
P 	
Chemical
Benzo(j)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(rst)pentaphene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Dibenz(a,h)acridine
Dibenz(a,j)acridine
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole
Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
Dibei^zo(a,h)pyrene
Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene
7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
Indeno[l ,2,3-cd]pyrene
5-Methylchrysene
1-Nitropyrene
Potassium bromate
Propane sultone
beta-Propiolactone
Propyleneimine
Propylene oxide
Saccharin (manufacturing)
Safrole
Sodium o-phenylphenoxide
Styrene
Styrene oxide
Tetrachloroethylene
Thioacetamide
4,4'-Thiodianiline
Thiourea
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate
Toluene diisocyanate (mixed isomers)
o-Toluidine
o-Toluidine hydrochloride
Toxaphene
Trichloroethylene
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
1 ,2,3-Trichloropropane
Tris(2,3-dibromoprophyl)phosphate
Trypan blue
Urethane
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
2,6-Xylidine
IARC
2B
2B
2B
2A
2A
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2A
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
2B
—
2B
2A
2B
2A
2A
2B
2B
2B
2A
1
2B
NTP
P
—
—
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
—
P
P
—
—
P
P
P
P
P
P
—
—
—
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
—
P
—
P
—
P
—
—
K
	
OSHA
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Z
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Z
	
Note:  The list of TRI chemicals meeting the OSHA carcinogen standard and, therefore, reported when in a mixture at a concentration level below the de minims
       level of 0.1 %, has been updated, and this list reflects the update.
IARC:  1-The chemical is carcinogenic to humans; 2A-The chemical is probably carcinogenic to humans; 2B-The chemical is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
NTP:   K-The chemical is known to be carcinogenic; P-The chemical may reasonably be anticipated to be carcinogenic.
OSHA: Z-Thc chemical appears at 29 CFR Part 1910 Subpart Z.
t      Certain compounds.
|      Chlorophenoxy herbicides (IARC 2B)
 10

-------
                                         Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Indui
Table 1-1. TRI Facilities and Forms, by Industry, 1996
SIC
Code
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39




Industry
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabricated Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip.
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple Codes 20-39
No Codes 20-39
Total
Federal Facilities
Total
Facilities
Number
1,993
29
307
25
765
453
491
241
3,855
401
1,824
89
640
1,902
2,883
1,087
1,233
1,248
291
362
1,271
236
21,626
133
Total
Forms
Number
3,541
61
657
51
1,926
1,250
2,363
483
21,098
3,231
3,747
223
1,716
6,603
7,416
2,791
3,121
4,331
707
766
4,520
779
71,381
378
FormRs
Number
2,545
61
622
49
1,446
1,224
2,250
475
18,288
2,990
3,404
209
1,517
6,138
6,895
2,619
3,031
4,117
661
710
4,195
701
64,147
350
.Form As
Number
996
0
35
2
480
26
113
8
2,810
241
343
14
199
465
521
172
90
214
46
56
325
78
7,234
28
Note: Facilities/forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range 20 to 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Facilities/forms with no 2-
digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 are assigned to the "no codes 20-39" category.
 Industry Overview

 TRI Data by Industry, 1996

 In 1996, a total of 21,626 facilities submitted
 71,381 forms to TRI, as shown in Table 1-1.
 About one-tenth of these were Form A
 certifications. (Facilities submit one Form R or
 one Form A certification statement, explained
 above, for each chemical.)
On- and Off-site Releases

As shown in Table 1-2, on- and off-site releases by
all industry sectors totaled 2.43 billion pounds in
1996. This included 1.45 billion pounds of air
emissions (355.3 million pounds from fugitive
sources and 1.10 billion pounds from stack or point
sources). Discharges to surface water totaled 173.3
million pounds.

Reporting year 1996 was the first year in which
facilities distinguished their releases to underground
injection by type of well (Class I and Class n-V
wells) and identified their releases to RCRA subtitle
C landfills as a separate category among on-site
                                                                                                 11

-------
           Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Industry
Table 1-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, by Industry, 1996




SIC
Cede

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
33
39









Industry

Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apptrel
Lumber
Furniture
Pip*
Printing
Chc.-icals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Sune/day/Olass
Primary Metals
FHwicaied Meals
Machinery
Ekcuicsl Equip.
TnuiiporutKHi Equip.
MciSurcjPhoto,
Mireellaneous
Multiple Codes 20-39
No Codes 20-39
Total
Federal Facilities



Fugitive or
Nonpoint Air
Emissions
Pounds
21,810,437
61,394
3,217,057
130,287
4,636,576
4,813,779
18,227,534
13,782,537
93,363,107
27,968,469
27,540,757
747,962
1,870,677
38,722,723
23,613,262
6,665,652
6,351,489
28,283,393
2,698,043
1,929,982
26,982,381
1,854,254
355.271,752
2,463,277

Air

Stack or
Point Air
Emissions
Pounds
47,255,169
3,453,344
13,125,828
1,663,532
23,856,213
30,910,342
185,722,017
14,579,092
299,070,993
24,132,610
77,774,998
1,906,965
28,158,910
105,958,141
45,578,614
12,373,145
17,401,668
74,410,242
10,503,368
7,478,283
66,599,536
4,905,200
1,096,818,210
1,831,564

On-site Releases




On-site Releases to Land

Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
8,983,229
179,701
348,877
7,320
76,874
43
16,008,715
1,670
90,420,803
10,567,225
27,815
53,526
45,443
31,988,843
351,080
34,089
1,462,615
224,148
1,297,561
2,364
10,964,363
241,905
173,288,209
384,602


Underground Injection
Class I Q
Wells
Pounds
1,010
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
200,317,453
2,310,233
750
0
500
930,779
563
0
22
0
0
0
11,400
0
203,572,710
0
assH-V
Wells
Pounds
29,548
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
197,441
8,664
0
0
500
0
7
0
5
0
0
0
10
520,224
756,399
505,541

RCRA.
Subtitle C
Landfills
Pounds
28,506
0
0
0
6,039
0
602,265
0
2,689,697
5,685
48,918
0
105,977
22,192,029
204,331
7,144
210,430
86,685
0
11,957
180,840
74,466
26,454,969
23,516

Other
On-site Land
Releases
Pounds
4,438,103
0
173,620
534
9,807
26,641
4,160,489
13,650
68,276,606
1,236,941
398,367
6,611
2,416,616
193,591,686
572,609
121,101
225,890
618,616
2,531
8,189
5,680,956
628,674
282,608,237
681,351

Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
82,546,002
3,694,439
16,865,382
1,801,673
28,585,509
35,750,805
224,721,020
28,376,949
754,336,100
66,229,827
105,791,605
2,715,064
32,598,623
393,384,201
70,320,466
19,201,131
25,652,119
103,623,084
14,501,503
9,430,775
110,419,486
8,224,723
2,138,770,486
5,889,851
Off-site
Releases

Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
757,393
458,133
462,148
63,177
7,657,171
125,858
2,842,352
89,070
30,842,063
2,657,431
10,617,686
1,526,825
6,141,803
171,150,982
19,933,901
2,859,589
16,113,258
7,729,685
848,568
839,283
10,359,532
660,188
294,736,096
612,797


Total
On-and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
83,303,395
4,152,572
17,327,530
1,864,850
36,242,680
35,876,663
227,563,372
28,466,019
785,178,163
68,887,258
116,409,291
4,241,889
38,740,426
564,535,183
90,254,367
22,060,720
41,765,377
111,352,769
15,350,071
10,270,058
120,779,018
8,884,911
2,433,506,582
6,502,648
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms that reported more than
one 2-Uigit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Forms with no 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 are
assigned to the "no codes 20-39" category.
 land releases. (These are explained in Box 1-6.)
 Underground injection in 1996 totaled 204.3
 million pounds and 99.6% of the total was reported
 as injected into Class I wells. Land releases were
 309.1 million pounds, including 26.5 million
 pounds released to RCRA subtitle C landfills.

 Off-site releases (transfers to disposal) totaled
 294.7 million pounds in 1996.

 Other On-site Waste Management

 A total of 17.74 billion pounds was reported in
 other on-site waste management in 1996, as shown
 in Table 1-3. The largest amount was reported in
 recycling, with 7.84 billion pounds, followed by
treatment, with 7.14 billion pounds. Energy
recovery amounted to 2.76 billion pounds.

Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

TRI facilities reported a total of 3.16 billion pounds
in transfers off-site for further waste management
in 1996. The largest amount reported was in
transfers to recycling, with 2.15 billion pounds. The
amount reported as transferred to energy recovery
was 477.1 million pounds. Transfers to treatment
were 290.1 million pounds, and those to POTWs
were 235.8 million pounds. These data appear in
Table 1-4.
 12

-------
                                                      Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by /ndu
Table 1-3.  TRI Other On-site Waste Management, by Industry, 1996
SIC
Code
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39




Industry
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabricated Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip.
MeasureTPhoto.
Miscellaneous
Multiple Codes 20-39
No Codes 20-39
Total
Federal Facilities
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
216,405,632
9,753
13,085,659
190,976
50,544,925
2,841,917
104,481,896
168,501,410
3,731,246,814
153,400,536
162,062,640
604,322
149,823,758
2,092,485,352
148,030,876
49,613,047
148,298,966
16,523,234
3,960,735
16,533,257
609,928,425
4,021,012
7,842,595,142
12,169,917
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
411,710
0
5,326,659
600
1,538,386
37,467
184,352,318
203,536
1,348,429,666
603,601,392
19,598,143
0
445,258,980
49,768,460
20,976,980
130,702
11,424,647
1,458,959
938,685
3,362,337
40,337,718
24,582,100
2,761,739,445
i 7,700
Treated
On-site
Pounds
75,715,014
1,329,064
23,627,782
1,049,762
23,482,107
1,181,030
1,022,099,101
61,721,672
3,254,527,247
1,305,533,526
39,036,343
3,620,694
22,702,838
625,844,126
113,727,254
9,438,553
78,313,464
29,517,152
37,645,252
4,770,453
388,721,568
16,257,919
7,139,861,921
9,650,204
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
292,532,356
1,338,817
42,040,100
1,241,338
75,565,418
4,060,414
1,310,933,315
230,426,618
8,334,203,727
2,062,535,454
220,697,126
4,225,016
617,785,576
2,768,097,938
282,735,110
59,182,302
238,037,077
47,499,345
42,544,672
24,666,047
1,038,987,711
44,861,031
17,744,196,508
21,827,821
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 are
assigned to the "multiple" category. Forms with" no 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 are assigned to the "no codes 20-39" category.

Table 1-4. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, by Industry, 1996
SIC
Code
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39



Industry
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabricated Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip.
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple Codes 20-39
No Codes 20-39
Total
Federal Facilities
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
1,816,235
165,113
1,013,876
1,440
515,208
6,453,880
2,180,119
3,642,455
256,639,247
18,553,327
11,817,283
337,555
3,672,150
796,078,608
303,449,098
64,012,061
345,621,345
164,986,403
12,245,918
17,835,260
135,247,125
4,310,288
2,150,593,994
18,553,503
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
267,672
0
1,926,069
139,653
2,299,252
5,612,741
7,495,656
3,670,369
378,369,918
657,071
6,750,688
167,073
2,865,219
5,643,584
13,729,060
2,530,890
8,084,043
13,944,925
2,366,341
2,479,411
15,615,643
2,441,292
477,056,570
304,101
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
1;286,750
56,491
523,939
535
491,157
601,162
9,983,082
382,262
154,280,145
2,150,251
3,169,307
29,024
2,987,594
66,153,726
12,677,769
1,316,961
7,294,538
8,676,026
2,480,361
516,301
14,128,226
911,221
290,096,828
590,337
Transfers
toPOTWs
Pounds
20,311,887
267,349
2,287,565
255
32,799
383,502
40,311,407
242,411
109,463,055
4,788,134
2,890,863
1,290,230
1,019,855
7,859,057
6,597,522
4,168,245
10,998,130
5,577,802
930,896
635,395
15,248,528
508,621
235,813,508
71,893
Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
750
0
0
0
12,036
6,295
0
0
104,516
1
24,575
0
16,497
263,705
88,546
2,025,681
694,794
8,146
44,588
0
15,500
750
3,306,380
0
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
23,683,294
488,953
5,751,449
141,883
3,350,452
13,057,580
59,970,264
7,937,497
898,856,881
26,148,784
24,652,716
1,823,882
10,561,315
875,998,680
336,541,995
74,053,838
372,692,850
193,193,302
18,068,104
21,466,367
180,255,022
8,172,172
3,156,867,280
19,519,834
 Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms that reported more than
 one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20-39 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Forms with no 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 are assigned
 to the "no codes 20-39" category. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code.
                                                                                                                                13

-------
           Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Industry
Table 1-5. Employees, Value of Shipments, and Total Production-related Waste, by Industry, 1996
SIC
Code
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

Employees
Industry
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
StoixJeiay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabricated Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip.
Measure ./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Total
Number
1,516,600
31,400
576,400
864,900
738,700
514,500
630,600
1,515,000
824,400
106,000
1,017,900
77,200
520,400
687,400
1,483,000
1,980,500
1,556,500
1,466,900
820,700
397,300
17,326,300
Percent
8.8
0.2
3.3
5.0
4.3
3.0
3.6
8.7
4.8
0.6
5.9
0.4
3.0
4.0
8.6
11.4
9.0
8.5
4.7
2.3
100.0
Value or Shipments
($000)
461,324,200
34,481,700
80,242,000
77,628,100
106,518,100
55,696,700
160,661,000
195,435,200
367,441,800
174,284,600
150,467,500
9,308,500
82,441,300
178,297,800
214,006,300
381,793,700
320,614,700
465,172,200
151,015,900
48,596,800
3,715,428,100
Percent
12.4
0.9
2.2
2.1
2.9
1.5
4.3
5.3
9.9
4.7
4.0
0.3 .
2.2
4.8
5.8
10.3
8.6
12.5
4.1
1.3
100.0
TRI Total Production-related Waste
Pounds
397,557,868
5,921,753
64,609,067
3,273,589
1 10,972,285
57,823,940
1,599,797,509
266,207,152
10,032,390,027
2,155,301,359
369,790,262
10,168,880
668,768,984
4,184,091,672
716,239,652
169,485,752
679,402,239
355,169,310
76,477,512
57,640,501
21,981,089,313
Percent
1.8
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.3
7.3
1.2
45.6
9.8
1.7
0.0
3.0
19.0
3.3
0.8
3.1
1.6
0.3
0.3
100.0
Production-related
Waste per Value
of Shipments
Pounds Per Million
Dollar-Value
862
172
805
42
1,042
1,038
9,958
1,362
27,303
12,367
2,458
1,092
8,112
23,467
3,347
444
2,119
764
506
1,186
5,916
Note: Employees and Value of Shipments from U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufacturers. Total Production-related Waste from Section 8
(total of 8.1 through 8.7, Column B) of TRI Form R for 1996. Total Production-related Waste does not include forms reporting more than one 2-digit SIC code
and forms reporting SIC codes outside the 20-39 range.
 Economic Overview, 1996

 One limitation of TRI data is that, taken alone, they
 do not distinguish industry-specific factors that
 influence the chemicals, amounts, and types of
 releases and waste management facilities report.
 Each industry chapter in the two 1996 TRI Public
 Data Release volumes offers some economic,
 technological, and regulatory information for that
 sector as a context for the data reported to TRI.

 For each two-digit SIC code, Table 1-5 presents
 value of shipments and employment for 1996.
 These basic economic data suggest the relative size
 of the industrial sectors that now report to TRI.
 Economic analyses make use of value of shipments
 data as one way to indicate the size of industrial
 sectors, because no direct comparison can be drawn
 among products of those sectors. The dollar value
 of shipments provides a rough common measure
 between, for example, production of 10,000 pairs of
 shoes and production of 500,000 loaves of bread.
 Table 1-5 also includes total production-related
 waste reported to TRI for 1996 to allow
approximate comparison with the economic activity
of the sectors. Percentages indicate the relative
contribution of each sector to total employment and
production (measured by the dollar-value of
shipments) and to the total quantity of TRI
chemicals in production-related waste reported to
TRI. The ratio of total production-related waste to
shipments, in the last column, compares the
reported TRI quantities in each two-digit sector
with that sector's production level for 1996. Many
factors influence the differences in TRI reporting
among industrial sectors. Relating TRI quantities to
the dollar value of each sector's products takes into
account one measure of the differences among
sectors in their level of production in 1996.

TRI data are reported as absolute amounts each
year, not as changes in relation to production levels
or other factors, such as source reduction activity,
that might influence these amounts from year to
year. The industry chapters presented here,
however, take a very basic look at changes in
production as they may relate to increases  and
 14

-------
Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Indus
decreases in releases and other waste management
of TRI chemicals.

Year-by-Year

Comparisons, by Industry

Comparing TRI Data Across Years

Comparisons of TRI data across reporting years are
made on the basis of "core" chemicals that were
reportable in all years with the same reporting
definitions. This assures that apparent increases or
decreases from one year to another are not the
result of changes in the list of TRI chemicals.

EPA has the authority to add chemicals to the
reporting list if they meet the statutory toxicity
criteria and to delete chemicals from the list if EPA
determines that they do not meet the toxicity
criteria. Since 1987, EPA has deleted a number of
chemicals from the list, added others, and modified
the reporting requirements for others. The largest
expansion has been the chemicals added beginning
with the 1995 reporting year.

Year-to-year comparisons must be based on a
consistent set of chemicals to assure that any
changes in releases or other waste management do
not simply reflect the addition, deletion, or change
in definition of reportable chemicals from one year
to another. Data in tables comparing TRI
information across multiple years represent facility
reporting only for the "core" chemicals for the
years being compared. The set of "core" chemicals
differs depending on which years are represented in
the tables in this book.

1995-1996 Comparisons

Tables comparing data for 1995 and 1996 include
all chemicals currently reportable to TRI; there was
no change in TRI's chemical coverage between
these two years. Thus, these tables include the
nearly 300 chemicals added to TRI beginning with
reporting year 1995. Because the chemical list has
not changed, 1996 totals in tables that present data
for both years will be the same as in tables that
present only the 1996 data.

Multi-Year Comparisons

Tables for 1988 to 1996 include only chemicals that
were reportable in all years from 1988 through
1996. These tables do not include, for example,
chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, or 1995.
Also, for 1989, non-fibrous forms of aluminum
oxide were removed from the list. Because of this
modification, aluminum oxide is not included in
any year-to-year comparison that includes the year
1988. Reporting definitions for ammonia,
hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid have also
changed, and they are therefore also not included in
multi-year comparisons.

Similarly, tables that compare data for 1991 to 1996
do not include chemicals added in 1994 or 1995.
These tables analyze TRI data only for the
chemicals that were on the TRI list, in the same
form, for all years 1991-1996.

Because of this normalization process, done to
assure accurate year-to-year comparisons, totals for
1996 in the multi-year tables differ from the 1996
totals in tables that present only 1996 data or
1995-1996 data.

None of the tables include any chemical deleted
from the TRI list, regardless of the year it was
deleted.

Year-by-Year Comparisons of TRI
Data by Industry

On- and Off-site Releases. 1995-1996

Table 1-6 summarizes on- and off-site releases by
industry for 1995 and 1996. The net change for the
period was a decrease of 97.3 million pounds, or
3.8%. Seven of the 20 industry groups (two-digit
SIC codes), however, showed increases from 1995
to 1996.
15

-------
           Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Industry
Table 1-6.  Change in Total TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, by Industry, 1995-1996
Total On- and Off-site Releases
SIC
Code
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39




Change 1995-1996
Industry
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Priming
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plashes
Leather
Stonc/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabricated Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip.
Measure ./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple Codes 20-39
No Codes 20-39
Total
Federal Facilities
1995
Pounds
86,466,520
2,034,129
18,501,494
1,287,024
34,834,946
41,779,889
238,316,638
31,156,331
844,232,213
64,140,915
127,167,993
4,475,689
32,323,553
524,040,619
97,038,621
26,202,906
40,455,697
121,154,521
17,858,774
13,868,918
152,530,504
10,918,043
2,530,785,937
7,801,971
1996
Pounds
83,303,395
4,152,572
17,327,530
1,864,850
36,242,680
35,876,663
227,563,372
28,466,019
785,178,163
68,887,258
1 16,409,291
4,241,889
38,740,426
564,535,183
90,254,367
22,060,720
41,765,377
111,352,769
15,350,071
10,270,058
120,779,018
8,884,911
2,433,506,582
6,502,648
Pounds
-3,163,125
2,118,443
-1,173,964
577,826
1,407,734
-5,903,226
-10,753,266
-2,690,312
-59,054,050
4,746,343
-10,758,702
-233,800
6,416,873
40,494,564
-6,784,254
-4,142,186
1,309,680
-9,801,752
-2,508,703
-3,598,860
-31,751,486
-2,033,132
-97,279,355
-1,299,323
Percent
-3.7
104.1
-6.3
44.9
4.0
-14.1
-4.5
-8.6
-7.0
7.4
-8.5
-5.2
19.9
7.7
-7.0
-15.8
3.2
-8.1
-14.0
-25.9
-20.8
-18.6
-3.8
-16.7
Note: On-sltc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms that reported more than
one 2-digit code within the range of 20 to 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Forms with no 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 are assigned to
the "no codes 20-39" category.
 On- and Off-site Releases, 1988 and
 1994-1996

 From 1988 to 1996, on- and off-site releases
 decreased from 3.35 billion pounds to 1.82 billion
 pounds, as shown in Table 1-7, which summarizes
 release data for all sectors. (Federal facilities were
 not required to report before the 1994 reporting
 year.) This amounted to a reduction of 1.53 billion
 pounds, or 45.6%. From 1988 to 1996, on- and off-
 site releases decreased for all but one of the sectors.
Actual and Projected Quantities of TRI
Chemicals in Waste,  1991-1998

Source reduction was nationally established by the
Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) of 1990 as the
preferred approach to managing toxic chemicals in
waste. Source reduction means preventing waste
from being generated. TRI also collects information
on source reduction activities at the facility during
the year; these are activities undertaken to reduce
the amount of toxic chemicals that enter a waste
stream or are otherwise released to the
environment. The PPA also established a hierarchy
of waste management options as national policy for
situations where source reduction is not feasible
(see  Figure  1-2).
 16

-------
                                              Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Industi

Table 1-7. Change in Total On-site and Off-site Releases, by Industry, 1988 and 1994-1996
Total On- and Off-site Releases
SIC
Code
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39




Industry
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabricated Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip.
Measure./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple Codes 20-39
No Codes 20-39
Total
Federal Facilities
1988
Pounds
8,377,717
341,927
35,798,377
1,025,697
32,981,807
62,363,120
207,603,004
61,187,518
1,047,782,223
72,780,821
158,313,799
13,023,617
40,539,364
629,353,951
160,369,759
69,747,296
132,719,036
208,391,846
58,084,824
32,592,710
308,351,079
11,229,042
3,352,958,534
NA
1994
Pounds
6,013,560
134,771
16,346,332
1,380,947
32,986,266
52,134,945
185,334,196
34,386,679
537,482,685
46,877,100
125,462,108
5,104,391
17,359,182
433,885,649
99,572,056
27,120,215
36,671,754
128,139,353
14,328,227
15,350,168
149,011,079
17,704,243
1,982,785,906
7,920,210
1995
Pounds
5,120,357
95,226
15,655,607
: 1,259,986
30,434,637
,41,530,300
178,774,984
30,895,852
539,600,255
42,593,318
114,765,358
4,026,421
19,053,390
455,029,353
190,440,941
22,851,633
31,457,129
114,746,256
12,955,213
13,285,855
122,436,826
8,281,275
1,895,290,172
5,907,355
1996
Pounds
5,120,503
73,415
15,280,411
1,741,831
27,116,641
35,651,541
172,799,131
28,269,786
513,043,111
43,076,652
105,358,191
3,813,502
23,263,716
496,662,641
77,610,533
19,162,054
33,753,037
105,231,558
10,358,619
9,843,403
91,157,789
5,376,979
1,823,765,044
4,091,563
Change 1988
Pounds
-3,257,214
-268,512
-20,517,966
716,134
-5,865,166
-26,711,579
-34,803,873
-32,917,732
-534,739,112
-29,704,169
-52,955,608
-9,210,115
-17,275,648
-132,691,310
-82,759,226
-50,585,242
-98,965,999
-103,160,288
-47,726,205
-22,749,307
-217,193,290
-5,852,063
-1,529,193,490
NA
-1996
Percent
-38.9
-78.5
-57.3
69.8
-17.8
-42.8
-16.8
-53.8
-51.0
-40.8
-33.4
-70.7
-42.6
-21.1
-51.6
-72.5
-74.6
-49.5
-82.2
-69.8
-70.4
-52.1
-45.6
NA
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. On-
site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms that reported more than one 2-digit
SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Forms with no 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 are assigned to the "no
codes 20-39" category. NA: Federal facilities not required to report before 1994.
            Waste Management Hierarchy
                                       Disposal

        Figure 1-2. Waste Management Hierarchy
Box 1-10 provides a breakdown of the waste
management information added to TRI with
passage of the PPA. This includes recycling, energy
recovery, and treatment both at the facility and
elsewhere. It also includes the quantity released on-
and off-site. Tables in the TRI data release identify
the sum of these quantities as total
production-related waste. Facilities report actual
waste management quantities for the current and
prior years and project expected quantities for the
next two years.

Table 1-8 presents total production-related waste by
industry for 1996 and the change in total
production-related waste the industries projected
through 1998. Production-related waste, which
totaled 23.42 billion pounds in 1996, was projected
to increase by 3.2% to 24.17 billion pounds in
1998.
                                                                                                           17

-------
Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Industry
Box 1-10. An Explanation of Waste Management Information
An Explanation of Waste Management Information

Information about facilities management of TRI chemicals in waste is reported in Section 8 of Form R.

Recycled Off-site. This is the quantity of the toxic chemical that left the facility boundary for recycling, not the amount
recovered at the off-site location. This quantity includes the amount(s) reported in Section 6 of Form R as transferred off-site
for recycling, less any amount(s) associated with non-routine events.

Used for Energy Recovery On-site. This is the quantity of the toxic chemical that was combusted in some form of energy
recovery device, such as a furnace (including kilns) or boiler. The toxic chemical should have a heating value high enough to
sustain combustion. To avoid double-counting, the amount reported represents the amount destroyed in the combustion
process, not the amount that entered the energy recovery unit. For example, 100,000 pounds of toluene entered a boiler that, on
average, combusted 98% of the toluene. Any remaining toluene was discharged to air. A total of 98,000 pounds is reported as
combusted for energy recovery (the remaining 2,000 pounds is reported as released).

Used for Energy Recovery Off-site. This is the quantity of the toxic chemical that left the facility boundary for energy
recovery, not the amount combusted at the off-site location. The toxic chemical must have a significant heating value, and the
off-site location must have some form of energy recovery unit in place. This quantity includes the amount(s) reported in
Section 6 of Form R as transferred off-site for energy recovery, less any amount(s) associated with non-routine events.

Treated On-site. This is the quantity of the toxic chemical destroyed in on-site waste treatment operations, not the amount that
entered any treatment operation. For example, if 100,000 pounds of benzene were combusted in an incinerator that destroyed
99% of the benzene, the facility would report 99,000 pounds as treated on-site (the remaining 1,000 pounds would be reported
as released).

Treated Off-site. This is the quantity of the toxic chemical that left the facility boundary and was sent to POTWs or other off-
site locations for treatment, not the amount that was destroyed at the off-site location(s). This quantity includes the amount(s)
reported in Section 6 of Form R as transferred to POTWs or other off-site locations for treatment, less any amount(s)
associated with non-routine events.

Released On- and Off-site. This is the total quantity of the toxic chemical that was released to the environment or disposed of
at the facility (directly discharged to air, land, and water, and injected underground) or sent off-site for disposal. This quantity
is the sum of the amounts reported in Sections 5 and 6 of Form R (releases plus transfers to disposal only) less any amount(s)
associated with non-routine events.

Released to the Environment Due to One-time Events. This amount is referred to as non-production-related waste and is the
quantity released to the environment or sent off-site for recycling, energy recovery, treatment, or disposal due to one-time
events not associated with routine production practices. Such events include catastrophic events, such as accidental releases, as
well as remedial actions (clean up). This quantity is separated from the quantities recycled, used for energy recovery, treated,
and released, to distinguish between quantities that are routinely associated with production operations and are more amenable
to source reduction and those that are not routinely associated with production processes and are not so amenable to source
reduction because they are not readily anticipated. This separation is important in assessing progress in source reduction at
facilities.
18

-------
                                          Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Indus
 Table 1-8. Actual and Projected Total Production-related Waste, by Industry, 1996-1998
Total Production-related Waste
Projected
SIC
Code
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39




Industry
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabricated Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip.
Measute./Photo.
Miscellaneous
Multiple codes 20-39
No codes 20-39
Total
Federal Facilities
Current Year
1996
Pounds
397,557,868
5,921,753
64,609,067
3,273,589
110,972,285
57,823,940
1,599,797,509
266,207,152
10,032,390,027
2,155,301,359
369,790,262
10,168,880
668,768,984
4,184,091,672
716,239,652
169,485,752
679,402,239
355,169,310
76,477,512
57,640,501
1,344,788,998
90,462,402
23,416,340,713
47,591,818
1997
Pounds
653,060,717
6,058,749
63,000,446
2,670,153
112,364,213
55,286,126
1,607,516,198
271,986,787
10,353,025,860
2,149,256,710
317,102,112
9,620,096
655,757,904
4,157,446,855
686,697,161
154,171,333
688,507,504
349,768,654
75,297,949
57,076,721
2,035,461,325
83,350,294
24,544,483,867
43,616,949
1998
Pounds
727,957,465
6,208,774
59,903,878
2,341,081
105,247,446
55,415,684
1,592,387,416
273,386,005
10,711,018,548
2,154,256,626
279,769,639
9,379,954
661,882,280
4,098,770,311
685,478,273
139,198,996
709,503,469
352,591,138
75,531,810
57,369,703
1,328,724,148
86,893,334
24,173,215,978
155,744,502
Change
1996-1997
Percent
64.3
2.3
-2.5
-18.4
1.3
-4.4
0.5
2.2
3.2
-0.3
-14.2
-5.4
-1.9
-0.6
-4.1
-9.0
1.3
-1.5
-1.5
-1.0
51.4
-7.9
4.8
-8.4
1996-1998
Percent
83.1
4.8
-7.3
-28.5
-5.2
-4.2
-0.5
2.7
6.8
-0.0
-24.3
-7.8
-1.0
-2.0
-4.3
-17.9
4.4
-0.7
-1.2
-0.5
-1.2
-3.9
3.2
227.3
Note: Data from Section 8 (Total of 8.1 through 8.7) of Form R for 1996. Prior year is Column A, current year is Column B, 1997 is Column C and 1998 is
Column D. Forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Forms with no 2-digit SIC
code within the range of 20 to 39 are assigned to the "no codes 20-39" category.
 Table 1-9 summarizes total production-related
 waste data by industry for 1991, the first year such
 data were collected, and for the three most recent
 years (1994-1996). Over that period,
 production-related waste rose from 18.65 billion
 .pounds in 1991 to 19.01 billion pounds in 1996, a
 net increase of 1.9%.

 Economic Overview, Multi-Year Comparisons

 1996 was the sixth year in a relatively long period
 of moderate expansion in the United States
 economy. The economy as a whole grew at a rate
 of 2.8% for the year, as measured by real gross
 domestic product (Economic Report of the
 President, February 1998). Manufacturing output
 grew at a rate of 1.0% for the year, somewhat
 slower than in the previous several years.
Table 1-10 presents production indexes for each
industrial sector from 1989 to 1996. These indexes
measure real output (unlike the value of shipments
data). As shown in the table, production increased
17.6% from 1989 to 1996 for U.S. manufacturing
overall. Table 1-11 compares the change in
manufacturing production since 1989 with the
change in TRI on- and off-site releases and
transfers off-site for treatment. As shown in
Table 1-11, reported amounts of these TRI releases
and transfers have steadily decreased since 1989,
even as manufacturing production recovered from
small decreases hi the early years of the period and
expanded through 1996. Overall, while
manufacturing production increased 17.6% from
1989 to 1996, TRI on- and off-site releases and
transfers off-site for treatment decreased 39.0%.
                                                                                                   19

-------
              Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Industry
Table 1-9. Total Production-related Waste, by Industry, 1991 and 1994-1996
Total Production-related Waste
SIC
Code
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39




Change
Industry
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabricated Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip..
MeMureJPhoto.
Miscellaneous
Multiple Codes 20-39
No Codes 20-39
Total
federal Facilities
1991
Pounds
63,066,268
51,405,093
51,580,594
2,340,880
68,482,868
62,158,973
1,401,164,200
259,904,658
7,588,654,698
1,171,406,294
457,662,674
18,010,356
945,494,178
2^06,289,254
639,270,669
220,732,830
663,918,802
382,686,549
114,962,999
59,754,379
1,948,479,575
167,790,586
18,645,217,377
NA
1994
Pounds
72,118,666
238,686
49,696,040
2,450,405
62,445,982
69,100,903
1,390,873,031
238,262,543
7,960,775,406
1,272,138,197
511,959,880
8,750,968
1,003,550,335
3,125,155,465
802,980,329
168,142,108
547,072,102
413,901,849
73,269,084
62,368,995
1,243,934,543
216,475,822
19,295,661,339
36,195,048
1995
Pounds
71,156,494
150,596
46,439,252
2,081,936
117,713,741
64,657,002
1,317,034,610
291,227,127
7,945,305,210
1,006,857,742
498,365,536
7,542,055
835,143,656
3,201,648,708
676,733,941
154,403,423
592,043,373
377,430,033
73,757,533
55,563,414
1,344,098,604
89,307,448
18,768,661,434
77,626,788
1996
Pounds
70,151,157
107,615
46,960,548
2,983,859
108,000,702
57,110,926
1,305,706,645
265,137,838
7,944,446,007
1,812,421,303
338,869,255
6,287,054
642,733,737
3,247,781,282
676,808,105
159,614,838
612,154,741
334,876,290
67,302,183
55,967,458
1,175,283,275
78,091,387
19,008,796,205
46,040,436
1995-1996
Percent
-1.4
-28.5
1.1
43.3
-8.3
-11.7
-0.9
-9.0
-0.0
80.0
-32.0
-16.6
-23.0
1.4
0.0
3.4
3.4
-11.3
-8.8
0.7
-12.6
-12.6
1.3
-40.7
1991-1996
Percent
11.2
-99.8
-9.0
27.5
57.7
-8.1
-6.8
2.0
4.7
54.7
-26.0
-65.1
-32.0
40.8
5.9
-27.7
-7.8
-12.5
-41.5
-6.3
-39.7
-53.5
1.9
NA
Note: Docs not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, and ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 (Total of
8.1 through 8.7, Column B) of Form R of year indicated. Forms that reported more than one 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 are assigned to the
"multiple" category. Forms with no 2-digit SIC code within the range of 20 to 39 are assigned to the "no codes 20-39" category. NA: Federal facilities not
required to report before 1994

Table 1-10.  Industrial Production Indexes by Industry, 1989-1996
SIC
Code
Total
Industry
Index
Manufacturing
20
21
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Lumber
Furniture
Paper
Printing
Chemicals
Petroleum
Plastics
Leather
Stone/Clay/Glass
Primary Metals
Fabricated Metals
Machinery
Electrical Equip.
Transportation Equip.
MeasureTPhoto.
1989
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1990
99.9
99.5
101.1
100.0
96.6
97.4
98.5
100.6
99.6
102.3
101.0
101.1
96.3
97.8
99.1
96.6
97.2
102.2
97.3
100.2
1991
97.9
97.2
102.6
93.8
96.1
90.6
92.6
101.5
95.7
101.4
99.8
99.5
87.9
90.5
92.2
91.8
92.6
104.4
91.8
101.6
1992
101.0
101.0
104.3
94.9
103.6
95.9
97.7
104.8
96.6
105.2
100.7
109.6
89.4
93.1
95.3
95.4
97.1
116.6
95.1
101.8
1993
104.4
104.7
106.5
79.7
109.3
96.7
102.2
109.0
97.4
106.2
103.6
117.1
90.3
95.1
100.6
99.6
106.7
128.2
98.7
102.4
1994
109.7
110.5
108.1
98.4
114.8
101.5
105.4
113.6
97.1
109.5
103.7
127.3
83.6
100.5
107.7
106.9
121.7
147.2
102.2
101.7
1995
113.2
114.3
110.2
100.8
113.9
101.8
106.1
115.2
96.4
112.0
105.2
130.4
76.6
101.6
110.3
110.4
137.3
172.7
99.9
102.2
1996
116.4
117.6
110.9
100.2
110.6
105.3
106.3
113.2
95.2
114.4
107.3
132.2
71.5
103.4
111.6
113.2
151.8
190.3
101.0
104.7
Note: 1989=100. Beginning 1990, data for production indexes based on 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC), earlier years based on 1997 SIC.  Data not
provided for apparel industry (SIC coded 23).
From: / 997 Statistical Abstract of the United States. No. 1227. Industrial Production Indexes, by Industry: 1980 to 1996 (Source: Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System), Federal Reserve Bulletin Monthly, and Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization, Statistical Release G. 17, monthly).
 20

-------
                                                      Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Indusft
Table 1-11. Cumulative Change in Manufacturing Production and in TRI Releases and Transfers Off-site to Treatment and
Disposal, 1989-1996

Manufacturing Production
TRI Releases and Transfers Off-site
to Treatment and Disposal
1989-1990
-0.5
-5.7
1989-1991
-2.8
-19.7
1989-1992
1.0
-23.9
1989-1993
4.7
-30.1 .
1989-1994
10.5
-34.8
1989-1995
14.3
-37.0
1989-1996
17.6
-39.0
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
Cumulative change hi manufacturing production based on 1997 Statistical Abstract of the United States.  No. 1227. Industrial Production Indexes, by Industry:
1980 to 1996 (Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve Bulletin Monthly and Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization,
Statistical Release G. 17, monthly). TRI Releases from Section 5 and Transfers Off-site to Treatment and Disposal from Section 6 of TRI Form R (excludes
transfers to recycling and energy recovery reported 1991 through 1996).
                                                                                                                                21

-------
          Chapter 1 — Toxics Release Inventory Data by Industry
22

-------
                                Chapter 2
             Toxics Release Inventory Data
         for Food and Beverage Processing
                            (SIC Code 20)
A  Look at the  Food and

Kindred Products

Industry (SIC Code 20)

Manufacturers in the food and kindred products
industry (SIC code 20) produce food for people,
pets, and livestock. They also make beer, wine,
liquor, and soft drinks. Food and beverage
processing is one of the country's most diverse
manufacturing sectors, with 51 industry
classifications in the system of Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) codes. Box 2-1 lists the SIC
codes and their designations for this sector. In
TRI, SIC codes are given as reported by the
facilities; these may differ from information in
economic and other data collections.

Food and beverage processing is one of the
country's largest manufacturing sectors. The
United States is one of the world's largest sources
of processed foods and beverages, accounting for
about one-quarter of the industrialized world's
production of these goods. In 1996, facilities in
this sector shipped products valued at $461.32
billion, up from $446.87 billion in 1995 (both in
current dollars). Employment in the production of
food and beverages was more than 1.5 million in
both years. Production in SIC code 20 increased
steadily in the 1990s, rising 10.9% since 1989.
Although this growth is less rapid than the
national average of 17.6% for all industry sectors,
food and beverage production is one of few
sectors to expand production every year from
1989 to 1996 (see Chapter 1, Table 1-10).
Employment also steadily increased throughout
this period. Despite year-to-year changes in
agricultural conditions (such as weather) and
economic factors (ranging from grain prices to
demand for exports), the food products sector has
been one of the most stable manufacturing sectors
in terms of production volume over time.

Food and beverage sector production can be
divided into two groups, based on the value added
to raw materials in their production. Lower
value-added industries manufacture bulk
foodstuff, including animal feed, which receives
relatively little processing. Lower value-added
products—especially those from extraction and
milling operations (fats and oils, SIC code 207,
and grain mill products, SIC code 204)—
contribute much of the sector's reported TRI
                                                                               23

-------
Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Box 2-1. SIC Code 20, Food and Beverage Processing: Codes and Classifications
SIC Code
Industry Description
201 Meat Products

2011 Meat Packing Plants

2013 Sausages and Other Prepared Meat Products

2015 Poultry Slaughtering and Processing

202 Dairy Products

2021 Creamery Butter

2022 Natural, Processed, and Imitation Cheese

2023 Dry, Condensed, and Evaporated Dairy Products

2024 Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts

2026 Fluid Milk

203 Canned, Frozen, and Preserved Fruits, Vegetables, and
Food Specialties

2032 Canned Specialties

2033 Canned Fruits, Vegetables, Preserves, Jams, and Jellies
2034 Dried and Dehydrated Fruits, Vegetables, and Soup
Mixes

2035 Pickled Fruits and Vegetables, Vegetable Sauces
and Seasonings, and Salad Dressings

2037 Frozen Fruits, Frozen Juices, and Vegetables
2038 Frozen Specialties, nee*

204 Grain Mill Products

2041 Flour and Other Grain Mill Products

2043 Cereal Breakfast Foods

2044 Rice Milling

2045 Prepared Flour Mixes and Doughs

2046 Wet Com Milling

2047 Dog and Cat Food

2048 Prepared Feeds and Feed Ingredients for Animals
and Fowls, Except Dogs and Cats, nee*
Slaughter of cattle, hogs, sheep, lambs, and calves for meat to be sold or used on
the same premises in canning, cooking, curing, and freezing and in making
sausage lard, and other products. Slaughter of horses for human consumption.

Manufacture of sausages and cured, smoked, canned, frozen, and other prepared
meats and meat specialties, from purchased carcasses and other materials.

Slaughter, dressing, packaging, freezing, and canning of poultry, rabbits, and
small game. Manufacture of products from such meats. Drying, freezing, and
breaking of eggs.
Manufacture of creamery butter.

Manufacture of natural and processed cheese as well as cheese foods, spreads,
and imitations and substitutes.

Manufacture of dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy products. Includes
manufacture of mixes for preparing frozen ice cream and ice milk and dairy and
nondairy base cream substitutes and dietary supplements.

Manufacture of ice cream and other frozen desserts.

Processing of fluid milk, cream, and related products, including cottage cheese,
non-frozen yogurt, and odier fermented milk.
Canning of baby foods, nationality specialty foods, soups (except seafood), and
other specialty products.

Canning of fruits, vegetables, and juices. Manufacture of ketchup, tomato
sauces, and natural or imitation preserves, jams and jellies.

Sun drying or artificial dehydration of fruits and vegetables. Manufacture of
packaged soup mixes from dehydrated ingredients.

Pickling and brining of fruits and vegetables. Manufacture of salad dressings,
vegetable relishes, sauces, and seasonings.

Freezing of fruits, fruit juices, and vegetables. (Includes production of fresh or
dried citrus pulp).

Manufacture of frozen food specialties such as frozen dinners and pizzas.
Milling of flour or meal from grain, except rice.

Manufacture of cereal breakfast foods and related preparations, except breakfast bars.

Cleaning and polishing of rice. Manufacture of rice flour or meal.

Preparation of flour mixes or doughs from purchased flour.

Wet milling of corn or sorghum grain. Production of starch, syrup, oil, sugar,
and byproducts such as gluten feed and meal. Manufacture of starch from other
vegetable sources, such as potatoes or wheat.

Manufacture of dog and cat food (canned, frozen, or dry) from cereal, meat, and
other ingredients.

Manufacture of prepared feeds and feed ingredients for animals and fowls,
except dogs and cats. (Includes poultry and livestock feed and feed ingredients,
supplements, concentrates, and pre-mixes.) Slaughter of animals for animal feed.
*nec: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
24

-------
Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Box 2-1. SIC Code 20, Food and Beverage Processing: Codes and Classifications, Continued
SIC Code
Industry Description
205 Bakery Products

2051 Bread and Other Bakery Products, Except Cookies
and Crackers
2052 Cookies and Crackers
2053 Frozen Bakery Products, Except Bread
206 Sugar and Confectionary Products
2061 Cane Sugar, Except Refining
2062 Cane Sugar Refining
2063 Beet Sugar
2064 Candy and Other Confectionery Products

2066 Chocolate and Cocoa Products
2067 Chewing Gum
2068 Salted and Roasted Nuts and Seeds

207 Fats and Oils
2074 Cottonseed Oil Mills

2075 Soybean Oil Mills

2076 Vegetable Oil Mills, Except Com, Cottonseed,
and Soybean

2077 Animal and Marine Fats and Oils
2079 Shortening, Table Oils, Margarine, and Other Edible
Fats and Oils, nee*
208 Beverages

2082 Malt Beverages

2083 Malt

2084 Wines, Brandy, and Brandy Spirits

2085 Distilled and Blended Liquors

2086 Bottled and Canned Soft Drinks and Carbonated
Waters

2087 Flavoring Extracts and Flavoring Syrups, nee*
209 Miscellaneous Food Preparations and Kindred Products
2091 Canned and Cured Fish and Seafoods

2092 Prepared Fresh or Frozen Fish and Seafoods
Manufacture of fresh or frozen bread and bread-type rolls and fresh cakes, pies,
pastries, and similar "perishable" bakery products.

Manufacture of fresh cookies, crackers, pretzels, and similar "dry" bakery products.

Manufacture of frozen bakery products, except bread and bread-type rolls.

Manufacture of raw sugar, syrup, or finished cane sugar from sugarcane.

Refining of purchased raw cane sugar and sugar syrup.

Manufacture of sugar from sugar beets.

Manufacture of candy, including chocolate candy, other confections, and related
products.

Shelling, roasting, and grinding of cacao beans to make chocolate liquor and
thence cocoa powder and cocoa butter. Manufacture of chocolate bars, coatings,
and related products.

Manufacture of chewing gum or chewing gum base.

Manufacture of salted, roasted, dried, cooked, or canned nuts. Processing of
grains and seeds for snack purposes.
Manufacture of cottonseed oil, cake, meal, and linters. Processing of purchased
cottonseed oil other than into edible cooking oils.

Manufacture of soybean oil, cake, meal, and soybean oil isolates and concentrates.
Processing of purchased soybean oil other than into edible cooking oils.

Manufacture of vegetable oils, cake, meal other than those derived from corn,
cottonseed, or soybean. Processing similar purchased oils other than into edible
cooking oils.

Manufacture of animals oils and meals, including fish and other marine animals.
Rendering of inedible stearin, grease, and tallow from animal fat, bones, and
meat scraps.

Manufacture of shortening, table oils, margarine, and other miscellaneous edible
fats and oils.
Manufacture of malt beverages.

Manufacture of malt or malt byproducts from barley or other grains.

Manufacture of wines, brandy, and brandy spirits. Blending of wines (by bonded
wine cellars).

Manufacture of alcoholic liquors by distillation. Manufacture of blended or
mixed cordials and cocktails.

Manufacture of soft drinks and carbonated waters.
Manufacture of miscellaneous flavoring extracts, syrups, powders, and related
products for soda fountain use or for the manufacture of soft drinks.
Manufacture of colors for bakers' and confectioners' use.
Cooking and canning offish, shrimp, oysters, and other seafoods, including
soups. Curing (smoking, salting, drying) fish and other seafoods for the trade.
Preparation of fresh, raw, or cooked frozen fish and other seafoods including
soups, stews, chowders, and seafood cakes. Shucking and packing of fresh
oysters in nonsealed containers.
*nec: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
25

2095 Roasted Coffee

2096 Potato Chips, Corn Chips, and Similar Snacks
2097 Manufactured Ice
2098 Macaroni, Spaghetti, Vermicelli, and Noodles
2099 Food Preparations, nee*
Roasting of coffee. Manufacture of coffee concentrates and extracts in
powdered, liquid, or frozen form, including freeze-dried.
Manufacture of potato chips, corn chips, and similar snacks.
Manufacture of ice for sale.
Manufacture of dry macaroni, spaghetti, vermicelli, and noodles.
Manufacture of miscellaneous prepared foods and food specialties, such as
baking powder, yeast, peanut butter, packaged tea, ground spices, vinegar, and
cider. Manufacture of dry preparations of pasta, rice, and similar products
(excluding flour mixes), which are packaged to be prepared and cooked by the
*ncc: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
amounts of certain chemicals such as n-hexane,
used in extraction. Solvents are essential to most
extraction operations. Products of these mills do
not include edible cooking oils. Other soybean oil
mill products are protein isolates and concentrates
used primarily in animal feed, but also in textured
protein substances used to replace or extend meat
in some food products.

Higher value-added industries produce packaged,
consumer-brand goods that are ready for retail
markets. These represent the output of
sophisticated manufacturing processes. Longer
shelf-life enhances the suitability for export of
many higher value-added products—for example,
canned fruits and vegetables (SIC code 2033), or
dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy products
(SIC code 2023). Most U.S. food exports are sent
to Canada, Mexico, Japan, and the European
Community. However, growth in export demand
increases in part from expanding middle-class
populations in developing countries and
expanding markets in countries of the former
Soviet Union.

Fundamental to the manufacture of most food
products is processing to stabilize the food by
heating, cooling, dehydration, freezing, or other
means. Although the many types of food products
require different types of processing, many
include some form of preservation. Food
processors cure, wash, fumigate, acidify,
pasteurize, freeze, dehydrate, esterify, or apply
other physical, chemical or mechanical techniques
to preserve foods from microbes, enzymes,
chemical deterioration, or mechanical damage.

Chemicals may be used in food processing as
additives, when approved for these uses by the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Additives
Sources

Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987:
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and industry descriptions.
U.S. Industry & Trade Outlook '98, DRI/McGraw Hill, Standard & Poor's, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
International Trade Administration, 1998: economic analyses, also provides some information on environment and
industrial processes for selected industries.
U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufactures: Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries, M96(AS)-1,
February 1998 : value of shipments and employment.
Supplemental data from U.S. Census Bureau for some industries.
Food Industries Manual, 22nd ed, 1988: industry processes and technologies, environmental practices
McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 8th ed., 1997: industry processes and technologies.
26

-------
Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
include antioxidants, colorants, emulsifiers and
surfactants, enzymes, flavors and flavor
enhancers, leavening agents and baking aids, pH
control agents, preservatives, propellants,
refrigerants, solvents, stabilizers and thickeners,
and others. Nitrites and nitrates, for example, are
used as preservatives in curing meat; sodium
nitrate produces the characteristic cured-meat
color and aids microbiological stability in low
heat treatment.

In the food and beverage processing sector, air
emissions may result from boiler and furnace
emissions and exhausts. Discharges from
extraction systems are a common wastestream in
certain industries in this sector. Except for oils,
solvents, and sludges, most wastes in food and
beverage processing are aqueous. Food
manufacturers typically remove large solid
particles, trap oil and fat, use holding tanks to
buffer discharge volumes, and remove finer
particles by settling.

1996 TRI Data for Food

and Beverage

Processing

Table 2-1 summarizes TRI reporting by the food
and beverage processing sector for 1996. More
than 3,500 forms were submitted in this sector,
and almost 1,000 of these were Form A
certification statements, certifying that a facility's
total annual reportable amount of a TRI chemical
was less than 500 pounds for the year and that the
facility did not manufacture, process, or otherwise
use more than 1 million pounds. The percentage
of Form A certifications in this sector (28.1%) is
much larger than in most industries (11.3% for all
sectors). (The Form A certification statement is
explained in Chapter 1.)

Nearly one quarter (824 forms) of all forms in the
food and beverage processing sector were
submitted in the miscellaneous prepared feeds
industry (SIC code 2048), which produces feed
and related products for animals (except dogs and
cats) and poultry. This industry also submitted
two-thirds of the Form As in this sector (606
forms). Another 427 forms were submitted by
facilities that used more than one SIC code to
describe their industrial activities; these "multiple
code" submissions are discussed below.
Manufacturers of bottled and canned soft drinks
(SIC code 2086) filed the third-largest number of
forms (253).

The industry with the largest amounts of total on-
and off-site releases and total production-related
waste submitted relatively few forms. This was
soybean oil milling (SIC code 2075), with 90
forms. This industry reported 30.2 million pounds
of total releases, almost all of it on-site, and 171.0
million pounds of production-related waste, with
most of that in other on-site waste management,
as shown in Table 2-1.

The natural and processed cheese industry (SIC
code 2022) reported the largest off-site releases
rqported in the food and beverage processing
sector, with 164,000 pounds. Wet corn milling
(SIC code 2046) reported the largest transfers off-
site for further waste management, with 7.9
million pounds.

Some facilities in this sector engage in production
of more than one food product, as designated in
the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
system. A facility may produce both dehydrated
fruits and vegetables (SIC code 2034) and frozen
fruits and vegetables (SIC code 2037). A mill
might produce flour and other grain mill products
(SIC code 2041) and also produce miscellaneous
vegetable oils (SIC code 2076). These facilities
may report multiple SIC codes on their TRI
forms, to identify their line of business. (Box 1-5
in Chapter 1 further explains reporting of multiple
SIC codes and its affect on the analyses presented
in the TRI data release.)
27

-------
             Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Table 2-1.  Summary of TRI Information by4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20
Total Total
On- and Production-
Off-site related
Releases Waste
Rank Rank
12
10
9
46
6
20
21
33
26
36
24
45
8
19
25
37
34
44
7
28
5
43
15
31
16
48
4
49
47
39
3
1
11
27
18
13
42
30
22
40
14
41
35
50
38
29
23
17
2
32

8
12
13
24
5
10
29
16
21
35
20
40
11
30
33
45
42
50
4
28
3
48
25
41
23
27
7
31
37
46
9
1
17
19
22
15
44
18
36
32
6
47
43
49
34
39
38
14
2
26

SIC
Code
2011
2013
2015
2021
2022
2023
2024
2026
2032
2033
2034
2035
2037
2038
2041
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2051
2052
2053
2061
2062
2063
2064
2066
2068
2074
2075
2076
2077
2079
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2091
2092
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099



Industry
Meat Packing Plants
Sausages & Other Prepared Meats
Poultry Slaughtering & Processing
Creamery Butter
Cheese, Natural & Processed
Dry, Condensed, Evaporated Products
Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts
Fluid Milk
Canned Specialties
Canned Fruits & Vegetables
Dehydrated Fruits, Vegetables, Soups
Pickles, Sauces, & Salad Dressings
Frozen Fruits & Vegetables
Frozen Specialties, nee*
Flour & Other Grain Mill Products
Cereal Breakfast Foods
Rice Milling
Prepared Flour Mixes & Doughs
Wet Com Milling
Dog & Cat Food
Prepared Feeds, nee*
Bread, Cake, & Related Products
Cookies & Crackers
Frozen Bakery Products, Except Bread
Raw Cane Sugar
Cane Sugar Refining
Beet Sugar
Candy & Other Confectionery Products
Chocolate & Cocoa Products
Salted & Roasted Nuts & Seeds
Cottonseed Oil Mills
Soybean Oil Mills
Vegetable Oil Mills, nee*
Animal & Marine Fats & Oils
Edible Fats & Oils, nee*
Malt Beverages
Malt
Wines, Brandy, & Brandy Spirits
Distilled & Blended Liquors
Bottled & Canned Soft Drinks
Flavoring Extracts & Syrups, nee*
Canned & Cured Fish & Seafoods
Fresh or Frozen Prepared Fish
Roasted Coffee
Potato Chips & Similar Snacks
Manufactured Ice
Macaroni & Spaghetti
Food Preparations, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 20
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 20
Total for SIC Code 20
Total
Facilities
Number
49
43
126
6
103
48
39
98
15
20
13
12
60
20
53
7
4
3
27
43
329
2
21
-7
7
4
31
3
5
1
25
60
10
32
22
36
2
20
10
205
35
4
8
3
18
12
9
55
214
14
1,993
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
78
55
194
12
242
94
55
139
28
26
21
13
96
31
68
9
4
3
93
51
824
2
21
7
17
9
39
6
7
1
27
90
15
39
51
77
2
25
24
253
54
4
10
3
27
12
9
119
427
28
3,541
6
6
18
0
7
8
3
9
3
5
1
1
5
0
24
1
0
0
20
17
606
0
0
0
4
4
6
1
0
0
1
5
2
1
3
3
0
3
12
124
14
3
3
0
6
1
0
14
40
6
996
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
1,600 ,163
1,728,872
1,810,879
500
2,527,811
296,936
255,016
92,312
166,821
53,863
168,776
518
2,028,391
523,443
167,979
43,960
93,400
3,505
2,287,144
144,510
4,146,131
8,500
1,089,243
107,517
737,415
176
6,472,165
5
273
25,875
8,084,252
30,243,022
1,636,259
116,311
495,046
1,169,822
9,800
135,493
169,805
14,655
1,018,948
10,500
73,658
5
24,757
135,592
169,049
527,703
11,837,850
91,376
82,546,002
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
3,260
0
0
0
164,012
18,110
0
6,200
0
0
0
243
86,163
0
0
0
0
0
94,899
4,610
44,212
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
431
255
45,920
29,599
2,617
0
0
0
0
82,515
0
0
0
4,835
0
0
24,027
130,485
15,000
757,393
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
1,603,423
1,728,872
1,810,879
500
2,691,823
315,046
255,016
98,512
166,821
53,863
168,776
761
2,114,554
523,443
167,979
43,960
93,400
3,505
2,382,043
149,120
4,190,343
8,500
1,089,243
107,517
737,415
176
6,472,165
5
273
25,875
8,084,252
30,243,453
1,636,514
162,231
524,645
1,172,439
9,800
135,493
169,805
14,655
1,101,463
10,500
73,658
5
29,592
135,592
169,049
551,730
11,968,335
106,376
83,303,395
Note: On-slte Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-
site to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
Total Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic
incidents). Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 28

-------
                                              Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Table 2-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20, Continued
SIC
Code
2011
2013
2015
2021
2022
2023
2024
2026
2032
2033
2034
2035
2037
2038
2041
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2051
2052
2053
2061
2062
2063
2064
2066
2068
2074
2075
2076
2077
2079
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2091
2092
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099



Industry
Meat Packing Plants
Sausages & Other Prepared Meats
Poultry Slaughtering & Processing
Creamery Butter
Cheese, Natural & Processed
Dry, Condensed, Evaporated Products
Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts
Fluid Milk
Canned Specialties
Canned Fruits & Vegetables
Dehydrated Fruits, Vegetables, Soups
Pickles, Sauces, & Salad Dressings
Frozen Fruits & Vegetables
Frozen Specialties, nee*
Flour & Other Grain Mill Products
Cereal Breakfast Foods
Rice Milling
Prepared Flour Mixes & Doughs
Wet Corn Milling
Dog & Cat Food
Prepared Feeds, nee*
Bread, Cake, & Related Products
Cookies & Crackers
Frozen Bakery Products, Except Bread
Raw Cane Sugar
Cane Sugar Refining
Beet Sugar
Candy & Other Confectionery Products
Chocolate & Cocoa Products
Salted & Roasted Nuts & Seeds
Cottonseed Oil Mills
Soybean Oil Mills
Vegetable Oil Mills, nee*
Animal & Marine Fats & Oils
Edible Fats & Oils, nee*
Malt Beverages
Malt
Wines, Brandy, & Brandy Spirits
Distilled & Blended Liquors
Bottled & Canned Soft Drinks
Flavoring Extracts & Syrups, nee*
Canned & Cured Fish & Seafoods
Fresh or Frozen Prepared Fish
Roasted Coffee
Potato Chips & Similar Snacks
Manufactured Ice
Macaroni & Spaghetti
Food Preparations, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 20
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 20
Total for SIC Code 20
Total Other :
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
5,544,021
2,837,128
1,651,221
1,079,840
11,080,420
5,041,487
314,638
1,679,662
1,151,949
83,631 ,
1,102,937 :
65,623
2,620,144
. 141,923
52,293
27,325
0
0
10,382,669
132,417
43,672,789
0
0 •
0
430,000
831,845
2,994,744
0
31,000
0
0
140,591,931
992,180
1,032,978
127,397
2,095,971
49,162
1,912,775
0
226,186
10,525,432 ,
0
0
6,344 '
180,501
9,999
0
1,821,322
39,462,745
547,727
292,532,356
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
728,483
110,829
280,555
34,554
3,057,130
1,589,738
200,211
1,205,914
73,144
40,850
409,010
69,658
212,492
125,499
25,468
17,225
0
250
7,947,158
541,250
223,283
3,910
0
17,469
0
0
8,798
240,889
131,838
0
16,384
201,995
34,149
413,063
482,875
126,464
15,000
1,828
0
133,810
326,436
0
3,451
109
76,282
0
0
1,326,166
2,898,315
331,362
23,683,294
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
7,906,578
4,559,616
3,956,050
1,115,257
15,423,603
6,928,233
786,212
2,944,107
1,372,135
176,602
1,684,486
133,511
4,817,686
767,354
260,168
64,896
93,750
3,500
20,961,272
816,580
48,014,983
10,455
1,089,493
128,095
1,167,585
832,021
9,581,845
564,312
162,865
25,875
7,681,397
171,028,043
2,687,793
1,744,336
1,194,463
3,376,090
73,962
2,061,939
169,805
372,180
11,944,773
10,500
83,542
6,459
242,108
148,891
150,374
3,722,320
53,541,628
968,140
397,557,868
Non-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
15,125
42,785
76,445
11,580
3,860
7,466
350
6,895
0
610
18,015
0
16,493
14,689
14,740
0
0
0
0
0
15,326
0
0
8,328
0
0
0
0
0
0
131,000
800
8,000
11
2,393
8,223
0
5,561
0
310
7,000
0
6,246
0
0
5,750
18,675
17,697
98,828
24,041
587,242
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-
site to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
Total Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic
incidents). Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                           29

-------
          Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
 This multiple codes group—forms that reported
 more than one four-digit SIC code within SIC
 code 20—ranked second among all food and
 beverage processing industries for on-site
 releases, off-site releases, and total on- and off-
 site releases (nearly 12.0 million pounds total).
 This group also ranked third for other on-site
 waste management (39.5 million pounds) and for
 transfers off-site for further waste management
 (2.9 million pounds). For total production-related
 waste, it ranked second (53.5 million pounds).

 The two industrial groups with the largest release
 and waste management amounts—soybean oil
 mills (SIC code 2075) and the multiple-codes
 group—together accounted for more than half of
 the total on- and off-site releases (50.7%) and half
 of the total production-related waste (56.5%)
 reported in this sector.
Multiple Codes within SIC Code 20

Table 2-2 further examines reporting on the forms
submitted with multiple SIC codes. The most
frequent combination was natural and processed
cheese (SIC code 2022) and dry-condensed, and
evaporated dairy products (SIC code 2023). There
were 63 forms submitted with these two SIC codes.
The second largest pairing of SIC codes (by number
of forms) was meat packing plants (SIC code 2011)
and animal and marine fats and oils (SIC code 2077);
35 forms reported this combination.

Although just 15 forms reported the combination of
meat packing plants (SIC code 2011) and sausages
and other prepared meats (SIC code 2013), these
forms reported on- and off-site releases totaling 3.6
million pounds. This was the largest amount of
releases submitted on multiple-code forms in SIC
code 20, as shown in Table 2-2. One form that was
submitted with SIC code 2041 (flour and other grain
mill products) and SIC code 2079 (miscellaneous
edible fats and oils) reported 20.9 million pounds of
total production-related waste.
Table 2-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20
SIC Codes
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2013
2013
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2020
2020
2021
2021
2021
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2022
2023
2048
2077
2077
2099
2026
2048
2048
2048
2077
2022
2023
2022
2022
2022

2015
2038
2048
2077






2037 2086 2099

2077
2079

2023 2024


2023
2023 2024 2026
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
15
1
1
1
7
3
1
3
35
3
2
1
7
5
6
29
2
1
3
10
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
3
4
3
0
0
2
0
0
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
3,591,258
4
1
33,460
76,455
0
0
9,210
2,589,366
3,912
29,000
0
33,322
64,041
500,154
580,853
0
0
0
20
0
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
5,751
0
0
0
5,710
0
0
0
63,660
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off -site for
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
3,597,009
4
1
33,460
82,165
0
0
9,210
2,653,026
3,912
29,000
0
33,322
64,041
500,154
580,853
0
0
0
20
0
448,519
0
0
0
349,000
48,558
18,743
52,110
1,690,700
556,000
26,000
3,371
232,247
138,000
0
2,375,368
149,523
32,693
0
541,177
124,496
88,135
0
0
340,263
55,900
28,166
0
0
357,920
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,236
0
0
0
36,922
0
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
4,137,059
16,923
56
373,723
486,944
76,724
18,743
61,320
4,579,971
559,920
55,000
3,371
276,517
202,041
500,154
2,913,823
149,523
32,693
0
602,543
124,496
5,709
0
0
0
490
0
0
0
1,011
2
160
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases are transfers off-site to disposal
from Section 6 of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 of Form R. Total Production-related Waste sums
Section 8 of Form R. except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
30

-------
                                               Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing


Table 2-2.  Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20, Continued
SIC Codes
2021
2021
2021
2022
2022
2022
2022
2022
2022
2022
2023
2023
2023
2023
2023
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2026
2033
2033
2034
2035
2035
2035
2037
2038
2038
2038
2038
2041
2041
2041
2041
2041
2041
2045
2046
2047
2047
2048
2048
2048
2048
2048
2048
2051
2061
2064
2074
2075
2082
2084
2086
2087
2096
2023
2023
2023
2023
2023
2023
2024
2024
2026
2035
2023
2024
2026
2045
2066
2026
2026
2026
2026
2038
2080
2086
2037
2086
2037
2064
2079
2099
2038
2045
2051
2053
2092
.2045
2046
2047
2048
2076
2079
2096
2048
2048
2048
2051
2061
2075
2077
2079
2099
2052
2062
2066
2075
2079
2083
2086
2087
2077
2099

2024
2026

2024
2098

2026

2098
2032


2087


2051 2052 2053
2051 2052 2086 2099
2086






2079


2092






2048




2085 2099

2091






2053


2076 2077 2079




2099

Total for SIC Code 20
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
21
2
9
63
3
2
2
2
3
2
1
2
17
1
1
31
3
3
2
1
1
2
12
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2





9
3
9
6
2
4
9
2
6
2
5
5
2
8
3
1
1
1
4
427
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
2
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
4
40
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
160,435
0
0
131,500
0
10,340
0
0
250
0
0
0
51,385
0
0
117,050
25,610
0
0
5,000
0
0
43,700
0
21,000
0
14,000
0
5
0
30,433
250
0
16,096
0
0
11,045
12,637
58,300
20,000
1,032,814
15
20,400
1,432
0
262,000
136,662
250
343,877
6,433
235,250
18
0
1,556,250
1,800
255
0
302
0
11,837,850
Total
Off -site
Releases
Pounds
0
0
: 0
0
0
0
0
23,609
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
• 0
1,500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
130,485
Total
On- and
Off -site
Releases
Pounds
160,435
0
0
131,500
0
10,340
0
23,609
250
0
0
0
51,385
0
0
117,050
25,610
0
0
5,000
0
0
43,700
0
51,000
0
14,000
0
5
0
30,433
250
0
16,096
5
0
11,045
12,637
58,300
20,000
1,032,814
1,515
20,400
1,432
0
262,000
136,662
250
343,877
6,433
235,250
268
0
1,556,250
1,800
255
0
302
0
11,968,335
Total Transfers
Total Other Off-site for
On-site Waste Further Waste
Management Management
Pounds Pounds
1,198,210
52,279
194,143
3,096,996
52,520
208,601
103,000
17,407
61,249
24,933
31,837
0
360,911
259
49,000
356,068
0
0
0
0
4,200
16,377
88,100
42,300
0
0
0
0
0
18,216
0
0
16
0
22
0
0
0
20,807,700
0
2,366,590
0
813,000
0
0
0
1,307,100
94,082
130,085
0
1,068,988
13,051
0
0
99,000
0
0
0
0
39,462,745
0
0
235,135
645,307
0
0
0
70,353
0
0
8,547
37,259
179,518
0
0
158,345
143,012
0
0
0
750
0
18,100
2,040
45,000
0
0
0
57,500
0
0
0
0
0
2,382
0
0
3,617
0
0
0
0
64,843
0
0
.0
0
13,013
3,537
0
0
153,600
12,786
86,654
41,000
0
0
475
0
2,898,315
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
1,200,209
52,279
429,178
3,514,977
52,520
218,941
103,000
111,369
61,249
24,933
31,943 .
37,259
590,839
259
49,000
632,770
167,000
0
0
5,000
5,100
16,377
150,900
44,240
96,000
0
14,000
0
0
18,216
0
0
16
16,093
2,444
0
11,045
5,861
20,866,000
20,000
3,399,404
255
895,643
1,432
0
260,000
1,443,762
107,121
477,499
6,433
1,304,084
166,832
12,566
1,644,332
100,800
300
0
604
0
53,541,628
0
0
0
4,260
0
0
0
0
595
0
0
0
0
0
0
478
0
0
0
0
0
0
320
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
24,000
400
0
0
0
0
0
10,393
10,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
41,000
0
0
0
0
98,828
Note:  On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases are transfers off-site to disposal
from Section 6 of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 of Form R. Total Production-related Waste sums
Section 8 of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
                                                                                                                         31

-------
           Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing

Table 2-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
2075

2074
2053
2043
2022
2046
2037
2015
2013
2076
2011
2082
2087
2052
2061
2099
2079
2038
2023
2024
2065
2093
2034
2041
2032
2077
2047
2097
2084
2053

2026
2044
2092
2033
2043
2096
2063
20S6
2091
2033
2051
2045
2035
2021
2066
2062
2064
2095

Industry
Soybean Oil Mills
Multiple within SIC Code 20
Cottonseed Oil Mills
Beet Sugar
Prepared Feed*, nee*
Cheese, Natural & Processed
W« Corn Milling
Frozen Fruits & Vegetables
Poultry Slaughtering & Processing
Sausages & Oilier Prepared Meats
Vegetable Oil Mills, nee*
Mcnt Packing Plants
Mak Beverages
Flavoring Extracts & Syrups, ncc*
Cookies & Crackers
Raw Cane Sugar
Food Preparations, ncc*
Edible Fats & Oils, ncc*
Frozen Specialties, ncc*
Dry, Condensed, Evaporated Products
Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts
Distilled & Blended Liquors
Macaroni & Spaghetti
Dehydrated Fruits, Vcgctabks, Soups
Flour & Other Grain Mill Products
Canned Specialties
Animal & Marine Fats & Oils
Dog&CatFood
Manufactured Ice
Wines, Brandy, & Brandy Spirits
Frozen Bakery Products, Except Bread
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 20
Fluid Milk
Rice Milling
Fresh or Frozen Prepared Fish
Canned Fruits & Vegetables
Cereal Breakfast Foods
Potato Chips & Similar Snacks
Sated & Roasted Nuts & Seeds
Bottled & Canned Soft Drinks
Canned & Cured Fish & Seafoods
Milt
Bread, Cake, & Related Products
Prepared Flour Mixes & Doughs
Pkkles, Sauces, & Salad Dressings
Creamery Butter
ChCK.-ol.iw & Cocoa Products
Cane Sugar Refining
Candy & Other Confectionery Products
Rotsted Coffee
Total for SIC Code 20
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
30,239,410
5,155,931
8,026,247
5,973,257
4,060,551
70,205
2,252,060
502,318
1,513,048
1,551,344
1,636,259
1,383,918
1,158,155
985,311
1,089,243
303
445,255
462,792
501,193
137,231
255,016
129,818
169,049
147,521
167,979
163,232
109,885
3,985
135,592
50,741
107,517
77,998
90,912
93,400
67,159
9,247
43,960
24,757
25,875
14,405
10,500
9,800
8,500
3,505
263
500
273
176
5
5
69,065,606
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
2,790
6,081,523
56,000
418,992
410
858,152
26,503
1,003,593
50,967
177,278
0
59,574
11,667
0
0
0
7,790
1,370
250
5
0
39,987
0
21,250
0
250
6,426
139,325
0
0
0
12,378
0
0
6,499
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,983,229
Underground Injection
Class I Class II-V
Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
1,010
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29,548
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29,548
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
0
250
0
0
15,206
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13,050
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28,506
822
599,396
2,005
79,916
69,964
1,599,454
8,581
522,470
246,864
250
0
156,671
0
33,637
0
737,112
74,658
17,834
22,000
159,700
0
0
0
5
0
3,339
0
1,200
0
84,752
0
1,000
1,400
0
0
15,068
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
4,438,103
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
30,243,022
11,837,850
8,084,252
6,472,165
4,146,131
2,527,811
2,287,144
2,028,391
1,810,879
1,728,872
1,636,259
1,600,163
1,169,822
1,018,948
1,089,243
737,415
527,703
495,046
523,443
296,936
255,016
, 169,805
169,049
168,776
167,979
166,821
116,311
144,510
135,592
135,493
107,517
91,376
92,312
93,400
73,658
53,863
43,960
24,757
25,875
14,655
10,500
9,800
8,500
3,505
518
500
273
176
5
5
82,546,002
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
431
130,485
0
0
44,212
164,012
94,899
86,163
0
0
255
3,260
2,617
82,515
0
0
24,027
29,599
0
18,110
0
0
0
0
0
0
45,920
4,610
0
0
0
15,000
6,200
0
0
0
0
4,835
0
0
0
0
0
0
243
0
0
0
0
0
757,393
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
30,243,453
11,968,335
8,084,252
6,472,165
4,190,343
2,691,823
2,382,043
2,114,554
1,810,879
1,728,872
1,636,514
1,603,423
1,172,439
1,101,463
1,089,243
737,415
551,730
524,645
523,443
315,046
255,016
169,805
169,049
168,776
167,979
166,821
162,231
149,120
135,592
135,493
107,517
106,376
98,512
93,400
73,658
53,863
43,960
29,592
25,875
14,655
10,500
9,800
8,500
3,505
761
500
273
176
5
5
83,303,395
Note: On-sHe Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 On- and Off-site Releases

 Table 2-3 and Figure 2-1 show the significance of
 air emissions in the releases reported in the food
 and beverage processing sector. Air emissions in
 this sector were 69.1 million pounds in 1996,
82.9% of the sector's total releases. Discharges to
surface water were 9.0 million pounds, or 10.8% of
the total, and releases to land other than RCRA
subtitle C landfills were 4.4 million pounds, or
5.3%. The sector reported much smaller amounts of
releases to RCRA subtitle C landfills and in both
 32

-------
                                         Chapter 2 — TR1 Data for Food and Beverage Processin.
       Other On-site
       Land Releases
          5.3%
Transfers Off-site
  to Disposal
    0.9%
   Surface
   Water
   10.8%
                        Underground Injection < 0.1%
                        RCRA Subtitle C Landfills < 0.1%

     Figure 2-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site
     Releases, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing
                    (SIC Code 20)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from
Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
categories of underground injection. Altogether,
on-site releases were 99.1% of the sector's total
releases in 1996. Off-site releases (transfers to
disposal) were 757,000 pounds.

Soybean oil mills (SIC code 2075) reported 30.2
million pounds of air emissions, which was 43.8%
of the air emissions reported by food and beverage
processors. Almost all of the air emissions reported
by soybean oil mills were for n-hexane (30.1
million pounds), commonly used in the extraction
process. Additional information on this chemical„
and its use in extraction appears in "1996  TRI Data
by Chemical for Food and Beverage Processing,"
later in this chapter.

The industry with the second-largest releases to air
was cottonseed oil milling (SIC code 2074), with
8.0 million pounds (11.6%). The multiple-codes
; group reported two-thirds (67.7%) of the surface
water discharges, with 6.1 million pounds. Figure
2-2 shows the distribution of on- and off-site
35,000,000 -
30,000,000 -

25,000,000 -

20,000,000-
•s
1
EL
15,000,000-
10,000,000-
5,000,000 -
0-

ra







:'$&4



j






1
1
-------
          Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
 releases for the industries (four-digit SIC code)
 with the sector's largest releases.

 Other On-site Waste Management

 As shown in Table 2-4, soybean oil mills (SIC code
 2075) reported 137.6 million pounds of on-site
 recycling in 1996, which was nearly half (47.0%)
 of all other on-site waste management reported in
 the food and beverage processing sector. Figure 2-3
 illustrates the significant role of on-site recycling in
 the total other on-site waste management reported
 by this sector—nearly three-quarters (74.0%) of the
 total. A single facility, a soybean oil mill in
 Michigan, reported the great majority of the on-site
 recycling. This one facility reported 137.0 million
 pounds of n-hexane as being recycled on-site.
 Nearly all of the remaining on-site waste
 management consisted of treatment (25.9% of the
 total). Twelve industries in this sector reported no
 on-site waste management (see Table 2-4).

 Soybean oil mills had the largest reported amounts
 for other on-site waste management, 140.6 million
 pounds. Processors of miscellaneous prepared
 animal feeds (SIC code 2048) had the
 second-largest total, 43.7 million pounds, followed
 by forms reporting multiple SIC codes, with 39.5
 million pounds. These three groups represented
 three-quarters (76.5%) of other on-site waste
 management reported in this sector. Figure 2-4
 illustrates the distribution of on-site waste
 management reported by the top industries.

 Transfers  Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 Food and beverage processing industries sent most
 of their transfers off-site for further waste
 management to POTWs. Transfers to POTWs were
 20.3 million pounds in 1996, out of 23.7 million
 pounds of all transfers off-site for further waste
 management. This was 85.8% of the transfers,
 compared to 7.5% across all industries. More than
 one quarter (29.1%) of the POTW transfers (5.9
 million pounds) consisted of ethylene glycol
 reported by one wet corn miller (SIC code 2046,
 see "Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
 in Waste Management, 1991-1996," below). The
 second- and third-largest types of transfers reported
 by food and beverage processors were those to
 recycling (1.8 million pounds) and to treatment (1.3
 million pounds). Table 2-5 and Figure 2-5 show the
 off-site transfers for further waste management of
 this sector.

 Wet corn mills (SIC code 2046) reported the largest
 transfers off^site for further waste management.
 This industry reported 7.9 million pounds of
 transfers for further waste management, primarily
 in transfers to POTWs. Natural and processed
 cheese (SIC code 2022) ranked second with 3.1
 million pounds, again principally to POTWs.
 Figure 2-6 illustrates the distribution of such
 transfers for the top industries.


 1996 TRI  Data by  State for

 Food and  Beverage

 Processing

Food processors tend to locate in food-growing
regions. In each of five states, more than 150 TRI
forms were submitted in food and beverage
processing, and all are centers of agricultural
production: California, Iowa, Wisconsin, Texas,
and Illinois.
34
-------
                                             Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processini


Table 2-4.  TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996:  Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
2075
2048

2022
2087
2046
2011
2023
2063
2013
2037
2082
2084
2099
2026
2015
2032
2034
2021
2077
2076
2062

2061
2024
2086
2096
2038
2047
2079
2033
2035
2041
2083
2066
2043
2097
2095
2044
2045
2051
2052
2053
2064
2068
2074
2085
2091
2092
2098

Industry
Soybean Oil Mills
Prepared Feeds, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 20
Cheese, Natural & Processed
Flavoring Extracts & Syrups, nee*
Wet Corn Milling
Meat Packing Plants
Dry, Condensed, Evaporated Products
Beet Sugar
Sausages & Other Prepared Meats
Frozen Fruits & Vegetables
Malt Beverages
Wines, Brandy, & Brandy Spirits
Food Preparations, nee*
Fluid Milk
Poultry Slaughtering & Processing
Canned Specialties
Dehydrated Fruits, Vegetables, Soups
Creamery Butter
Animal & Marine Fats & Oils
Vegetable Oil Mills, nee*
Cane Sugar Refining
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 20
Raw Cane Sugar
Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts
Bottled & Canned Soft Drinks
Potato Chips & Similar Snacks
Frozen Specialties, nee*
Dog & Cat Food
Edible Fats & Oils, nee*
Canned Fruits & Vegetables
Pickles, Sauces, & Salad Dressings
Flour & Other Grain Mill Products
Malt
Chocolate & Cocoa Products
Cereal Breakfast Foods
Manufactured Ice
Roasted Coffee
Rice Milling
Prepared Flour Mixes & Doughs
Bread, Cake, & Related Products
Cookies & Crackers
Frozen Bakery Products, Except Bread
Candy & Other Confectionery Products
Salted & Roasted Nuts & Seeds
Cottonseed Oil Mills
Distilled & Blended Liquors
Canned & Cured Fish & Seafoods
Fresh or Frozen Prepared Fish
Macaroni & Spaghetti
Total for SIC Code 20
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
137,589,184
41,910,760
24,324,154
757,275
9,592,302
868,148
10,146
639,415
0
1,750
14,462
0
0
397,844
32,921
0
: 0
0
300
1 0
3,482
: 0
246,450
0
0
10,700
0
0
6,139
0
0
200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
, 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
216,405;632
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
38,000
260,000
0
0
45,691
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,351
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9,600
0
0
0
0
0
0
52,068
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
411,710
Treated
On-site
Pounds
3,002,747
1,724,029
14,878,591
, 10,323,145
933,130
9,468,830
5,533,875
4,402,072
2,994,744
2,835,378
2,605,682
2,095,971
1,912,775
1,423,478
1,646,741
1,651,221
1,145,598
1,102,937
1,079,540
1,032,978
988,698
831,845
301,277
430,000
314,638
205,886
180,501
141,923
126,278
127,397
83,631
65,423
225
49,162
31,000
27,325
9,999
6,344
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
75,715,014
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
140,591,931
43,672,789
39,462,745
. 11,080,420
10,525,432
10,382,669
5,544,021
5,041,487
2,994,744
2,837,128
2,620,144
2,095,971
1,912,775
1,821,322
1,679,662
1,651,221
1,151,949
1,102,937
1,079,840
1,032,978
992,180
831,845
547,727
430,000
314,638
226,186
180,501
141,923
132,417
127,397
83,631
65,623
52,293
49,162
31,000
27,325
9,999
6,344
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
292,532,356
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the
"multiple" category.                                              :
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                 35
-------
          Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
   Treated
   On-slte
   25.9%
Recycled
 On-site
 74.0%
                                   Energy Recovery
                                   On-site = 0.1%
    Figure 2-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste
   Management, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing
                    (SIC Code 20)
Note: Dtta from Section 8 of Form R.
As shown in Table 2-6, Illinois contributed the
largest share of total on- and off-site releases in the
food and beverage processing sector (14.0 million
pounds) in 1996. Iowa was second with 8.8 million
pounds, and Texas was third with 4.0 million
pounds.
Nebraska reported 141,000 pounds of off-site
releases (transfers to disposal), the largest of any
state or territory. Wisconsin was second with
130,000 pounds, and Texas ranked third with
97,000 pounds. Together they accounted for half
(48.5%) of off-site releases reported in the food and
beverage processing sector.

Michigan was the state with the largest other
on-site waste management, with 143.2 million
pounds. This was nearly half (49.0%)  of the total
for all states. As noted above, one Michigan
facility, a soybean oil mill (SIC code 2075),
              160,000,000
              140,000,000
              120,000,000
              100,000,000
               80,000,000
               60,000,000
               40,000,000
               20,000,000-
                                   n Treated
                                   • Energy Recovery
                                   H Recycled
                        2075
                               2048
                                       Mult.
                                             2022
                                                    2087
                                                           2046
                                                                  2011
                                                                         2023
                                                                                2063
                                                                                       2013
              Figure 2-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
                     Totals, 1996:  Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20)
Note: Other On-slte Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the
"multiple" category.
36
-------
                                                Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processitit
 Table 2-5.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:  Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20 (in
 Rank Order)
SIC
Code
2046
2022

2023
2099
2026
2011
2047
2079
2077
2034

2087
2015
2064
2048
2037
2075
2024
2086
2066
2082
2038
2013
2096
2032
2035
2033
2021
2076
2041
2053
2043
2074
2083
2063
2051
2092
2084
2045
2095
2044
2052
2061
2062
2068
2085
2091
2097
2098

Industry
Wet Corn Milling
Cheese, Natural & Processed
Multiple within SIC Code 20
Dry, Condensed, Evaporated Products
Food Preparations, nee*
Fluid Milk
Meat Packing Plants
Dog & Cat Food
Edible Fats & Oils, nee*
Animal & Marine Fats & Oils
Dehydrated Fruits, Vegetables, Soups
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 20
Flavoring Extracts & Syrups, nee*
Poultry Slaughtering & Processing
Candy & Other Confectionery Products
Prepared Feeds, nee*
Frozen Fruits & Vegetables
Soybean Oil Mills
Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts
Bottled & Canned Soft Drinks
Chocolate & Cocoa Products
Malt Beverages
Frozen Specialties, nee*
Sausages & Other Prepared Meats
Potato Chips & Similar Snacks
Canned Specialties
Pickles, Sauces, & Salad Dressings
Canned Fruits & Vegetables
Creamery Butter
Vegetable Oil Mills, nee*
Flour & Other Grain Mill Products
Frozen Bakery Products, Except Bread
Cereal Breakfast Foods
Cottonseed Oil Mills
Malt
Beet Sugar
Bread, Cake, & Related Products
Fresh or Frozen Prepared Fish
Wines, Brandy, & Brandy Spirits
Prepared Flour Mixes & Doughs
Roasted Coffee
Rice Milling
Cookies & Crackers
Raw Cane Sugar
Cane Sugar Refining
Salted & Roasted Nuts & Seeds
Distilled & Blended Liquors
Canned & Cured Fish & Seafoods
Manufactured Ice
Macaroni & Spaghetti
Total for SIC Code 20
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
58,041
0
109,953
0
31,300
31,064
10,248
540,000
449,006
9,000
270,005
0
58,000
8,594
1,933
0
21,834
172,675
250
2,255
0
122
0
14,423
0
0
0
0
0
26,132
0
1,400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,816,235
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
0
0
64,843
45,000
1
0
5,204
0
0
0
250
0
136,174
16,200
0
0
0
: 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
: 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
: o
0
0
0
0
0
267,672
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
1,463
201,700
372,183
0
22,964
0
45,720
0
0
0
99,500
290,500
12,873
23,121
0
55,411
1,410
0
250
425
76,000
42,245
2,450
0
0
9,330
0
27,250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,955
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,286,750
Transfers
toPOTWs
Pounds
7,887,654
2,855,430
2,351,336
1,544,738
1,271,901
1,174,100
667,311
1,250
33,869
404,063
39,255
40,862
119,389
232,640
238,956
167,872
189,248
29,320
199,711
131,130
55,838
84,097
123,049
96,406
76,282
63,814
69,658
13,600
34,554
8,017
25,468
16,069
17,225
16,384
15,000
8,798
1,955
3,451
1,828
250
109
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20,311,887
Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
Total Off-site
Transfers
for Further
Waste
Management
Pounds
7,947,158
3,057,130
2,898,315
1,589,738
1,326,166
1,205,914
728,483
541,250
482,875
413,063
409,010
331,362
326,436
280,555
240,889
223,283
212,492
201,995
200,211
133,810
131,838
126,464
125,499
110,829
76,282
73,144
69,658
40,850
34,554
34,149
25,468
17,469
17,225
16,384
15,000
8,798
3,910
3,451
1,828
250
109
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23,683,294
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple"
category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                       37
-------
           Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
                To Recycling
                   7.7%
             To Energy
              Recovery
                                   1.1%
                                       To Treatment
                                          5.4%
                                       To POTWs
                                         85.8%
    Figure 2-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for
       Further Waste Management, 1996: Food and
           Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20)
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6
(excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers
are transfer!; reported without a valid waste management code.
reported 137.0 million pounds of on-site recycling
in 1996. Illinois was second for other on-site waste
management with 68.6 million pounds, nearly
one-quarter (23.4%) of the total. These two states
also had the largest amounts of total production-
related waste: 144.9 million pounds in Michigan
and 84.0 million pounds in Illinois. Iowa was third
for both on-site waste management and
production-related waste, with 10.4 million pounds
and 26.4 million pounds, respectively, in these two
categories.

Food and beverage industries in Iowa reported 7.2
million pounds in transfers off-site for further waste
management, 30.6% of the sector's total for such
transfers. Wisconsin reported 2.3 million pounds
and California 1.9 million pounds in transfers off-
site for further waste management.
             9.000,000


             8,000,000


             7,000,000


             6,000.000


             5,000,000


             4.000.000


             3,000,000


             2,000,000


             1,000,000
             Figure
               with



                                        • Other Off-site Transfers
                                        S3 To POTWs
                                        D To Treatment
                                        E3 To Energy Recovery
                                        • To Recycling


                       1
                      2046
                             2022
                                    Mult.
                                           2023
                                                  2099
                                                         2026
                                                                2011
                                                                       2047
                                                                             2079
                                                                                    2077
2-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes
Largest Totals, 1996:  Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20)
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple"
category.
38
-------
                                                  Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
 Table 2-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996:  Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total for SIC Code 20
Total
Facilities
Number
45
2
1
14
59
160
26
4
11
56
83
4
26
103
55
114
41
39
28
5
34
14
47
84
40
66
4
49
5
3
16
3
52
70
12
71
23
24
62
12
2
15
16
42
114
14
6
1
51
33
9
119
4
1,993
Total
Forms
Number
82
4
1
18
116
255
43
7
22
121
133
4
50
210
103
251
69
48
48
5
64
22
69
148
65
117
4
97
8
4
26
8
93
141
20
133
30
38
98
27
3
23
29
68
187
23
8
1
87
56
17
233
4
3,541
Form As
Number
40
3
0
3
46
26
15
0
11
25
50
1
4
67
42
69
24
13
20
1
25
3
14
56
26
39
1
35
2
2
3
0
14
63
7
30
10
15
22
3
1
7
6
14
57
5
1
1
18
13
3
40
0
996
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
1,651,092
1,700
10,500
322,253
3,470,377
3,499,131
471,848
36,310
551,126
1,487,315
2,474,154
29,798
3,232,950
13,936,917
2,667,534
8,784,741
1,883,487
1,378,012
727,026
11,202
528,767
65,143
1,330,197
3,537,721
2,012,572
3,604,225
535,205
1,422,335
470
3,817
167,441
919,637
343,357
2,530,875
1,342,302
2,437,901
939,369
739,599
347,785
54,817
0
2,036,548
3,757,179
1,238,150
3,895,087
8,315
0
0
966,445
179,457
39,655
750,279
183,879
82,546,002
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
255
0
0
0
250
60,619
6,200
0
0
1,488
535
0
2,400
24,294
'10,217
29,670
1 3,260
10
0
0
: 0
0
41,609
; 9,035
0
381
0
141,337
0
0
0
0
1,086
94,727
0
11,235
15,000
0
3,593
0
0
250
; 5,751
0
96,539
2,368
0
0
1,755
64,000
0
129,529
o
757,393
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
1,651,347
1,700
10,500
322,253
3,470,627
3,559,750
478,048
36,310
551,126
1,488,803
2,474,689
29,798
3,235,350
13,961,211
2,677,751
8,814,411
1,886,747
1,378,022
727,026
11,202
528,767
65,143
1,371,806
3,546,756
2,012,572
3,604,606
535,205
1,563,672
470
3,817
167,441
919,637
344,443
2,625,602
1,342,302
2,449,136
954,369
739,599
351,378
54,817
0
2,036,798
3,762,930
1,238,150
3,991,626
10,683
0
0
968,200
243,457
39,655
879,808
183,879
83,303,395
Total Transfers
Total Other Off-site for
On-site Waste Further Waste
Management Management
Pounds Pounds
1,013,826
0
0
177,355
2,361,695
9,274,751
2,311,801
710,600
156,840
1,915,078
993,438
825
2,772,166
68,565,874
1,424,650
10,448,621
1,340,296
1,592,092
272,020
55
476,060
579,977
143,241,326
3,453,792
707,239
2,015,573
2,300
2,703,609
19,168
20,066
259,467
80,492
3,391,496
5,661,875
3,433,085
2,210,023
11,859
224,577
1,255,843
1,057,124
0
1,241,652
1,665,891
466,958
3,173,056
386,073
314,061
0
1,112,934
1,152,419
87,357
6,791,139
3,882
292,532,356
28,575
0
0
258,723
69,643
1,939,068
244,175
320,750
15,850
123,149
728,519
5
258,211
1,327,701
1,122,336
7,244,323
296,737
74,180
19,624
0
220,086
124,072
461,308
747,831
47,957
158,889
0
356,864
19,549
1,500
480,602
5
578,161
500,199
120,717
564,326
139,229
49,025
313,522
64,848
12,786
7,726
1,195,044
183,115
678,063
13,898
0
0
66,966
182,599
40,449
2,282,389
0
23,683,294
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
2,690,223
1,700
10,500
758,311
5,913,509
13,496,657
3,023,549
1,066,480
725,668
3,485,018
4,019,237
30,430
6,217,314
83,975,099
5,253,191
26,448,610
3,474,830
3,001,949
1,101,645
11,005
1,058,924
748,739
144,893,379
7,692,612
2,846,913
5,718,212
533,900
4,748,139
39,013
25,366
1,146,892
996,727
3,997,024
8,776,466
4,901,970
5,224,269
1,037,028
1,016,555
1,905,217
1,153,628 .
12,566
3,282,814
6,626,113
1,905,997
7,844,713
410,169
314,061
0
2,150,513
1,544,954
157,048
9,955,261
187,761
397,557,868
Non-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
2,615
0
0
0
43,375
31,360
1,792
50
620
22,180
9,410
50
80
34,181
5,720
1,616
2,330
7,462
1
300
21,251
0
9,889
44,000
50,611
1 10,792
0
12,604
0
17
20
0
15,060
5,613
8,020
6,466
29,000
20
30,626
0
0
740
1,746
500
44,084
0
0
0
12,113
10
0
20,918
0
587,242
Note:  On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
                                                                                                                           39
-------
         Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Map 2-1 illustrates the geographic distribution of
total on- and off-site releases in the food and
beverage processing sector.


1996 TRI  Data by

Chemical for  Food and

Beverage Processing

In the food and beverage processing sector, the 15
chemicals with the largest on- and off-site releases
represented 98.3% of all releases; they appear in
Table 2-7. Total releases of these chemicals were
81.9 million pounds, including 68.1 million pounds
of air emissions and 9.0 million pounds of surface
water discharges. Other on-site land releases of
these chemicals were 4.1 million pounds.

The chemical with the largest air emissions was
n-hexane, with 44.4 million pounds. This amounted
to more than half (53.2%) of all releases reported in
this sector. N-hexane is used in the food industry as
an extraction solvent in food processing and as a
solvent for certain applications in the manufacture
of food-contact articles. The Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) regulates n-hexane as a food
additive, and the existence of the regulations
signifies that FDA has determined that n-hexane is
safe for the intended use.

Most n-hexane releases reported to TRI are not
associated with production of food for human
consumption. Soybean oil mills (SIC code 2075)
and cottonseed oil mills reported the largest
releases, 30.1 million pounds and 8.1 million
pounds, respectively. Miscellaneous vegetable oil
mills (SIC code 2076) reported 1.6 million pounds
of n-hexane releases. These industries do not
produce edible cooking oils. The multiple-codes
group reported 2.4 million pounds of n-hexane
releases; this group includes forms that combined
miscellaneous vegetable oil milling (SIC code
2076) with flour and grain milling (SIC code 2046).
Ammonia ranked second for air emissions, with
18.9 million pounds. Among other applications,
ammonia is used in food processing to control
fungal growth on citrus fruit. Dissociated1 ammonia
also supplies hydrogen for the hydrogenation of
fats and oils.

Nitrate compounds were reported with the largest
discharges to surface water, 8.4 million pounds.
This was 94.0% of all releases to surface water in
this sector. Two forms totaling 5.3 million pounds
accounted for most of this reporting; both reported
multiple SIC codes related to meat processing (SIC
codes 2011, 2013, and 2077). Meat processing
industries use sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate
to cure meats.

OSHA Carcinogens

Table 2-8 shows the on- and off-site releases of
chemicals designated as OSHA carcinogens for the
four-digit industries in the food and beverage
processing sector. (OSHA carcinogens and the
bases for their designation appear in Box 1-9 in
Chapter 1.)

Two of the top 15 chemicals for total on- and off-
site releases in this sector were OSHA carcinogens:
atrazine with 614,000 pounds of other on-site land
releases and acetaldehyde with 410,000 pounds,
almost entirely in air emissions (see Table 2-7).
Atrazine is a herbicide. Raw cane sugar producers
(SIC code 2061) submitted two forms accounting
for 424,000 pounds of this chemical; the two
facilities that submitted these forms both raise and
process sugar cane. Acetaldehyde is an important
 1  Dissociation uses a change in physical condition (such as
   pressure or temperature) or the action of a solvent to split a
   molecule into simpler groups of atoms, single atoms, or
   ions; the process is usually reversible.
40
-------
                                        Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Process//?;
o
CM

 
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                                                                                                        41
-------
           Chapter 2— TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Table 2-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing,
SIC Code 20 (in Rank Order)
CAS
Number
II 0-54-3
7664-41-7

67-56-1
7647-01-0
1912-24-9
74-83-9
75-07-0
7664-93-9
7664-33-2
_
107-21-1
7782-50,5
7697-37-2
103*83-3


Chemical
n-Hexanc
Ammonia
Nitrate compounds
Meihinol
Hydrochloric acid
Atrazine
Bromomethane
Acctaldchydc
Sulftiric acid
Phosphoric acid
Manganese compounds
Elhyfcne glycol
Chlorine
Nitric acid
Toluene
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 20
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
44,287,671
18,874,015
50
1,669,916
1,553,736
0
436,139
410,216
321,028
32,219
32,105
214,379
144,422
3,029
163,242
68,142,167
69,065,606
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
59,287
368,759
8,445,095
0
0
0
0
132
0
507
0
634
54,300
50,226
5
8,978,945
8,983,229
Underground Injection
Class I Class H-V
Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
250
5
0
1,010
1,010
0
29,548
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29,548
29,548
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,320
0
0
0
0
8,570
28,506
2,265
982,175
1,880,709
6,624
0
614,353
0
0
7,849
243,625
268,463
35,513
24,515
66,805
0
4,132,896
4,438,103
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
44,349,473
20,255,247
10,325,854
1,676,540
1,553,736
614,353
436,139
410,348
328,877
276,356
308,888
250,526
223,487
120,065
163,247
81,293,136
82,546,002
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
660
334,199
81,325
250
0
0
0
0
40,164
53,155
16,901
0
0
65,288
18,000
609,942
757,393
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
44,350,133
20,589,446
10,407,179
1,676,790
1,553,736
614,353
436,139
410,348
369.041.
329,511
325,789
250,526
223,487
185,353
181,247
81,903,078
83,303,395
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.

Table 2-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Food and Beverage
Processing, SIC Code 20 (in Rank Order)
On-site Land Releases

SIC
Code

3061
2046
2099

2087
2079
2043
2034
2011
207S
2066




Industry

Raw Cane Sugar
Wet Com Milling
Food Preparations, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 20
Flavoring Extracts & Syrups, nee*
Edible Fats & Oils, nee*
Prepared Feeds, nee*
Dehydrated Fruits, Vegetables, Soups
Meat Packing Flams
Soybean Oil Mills
Chocolate & Cocoa Products
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 20

Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
0
280,128
246,463
8,640
74,298
0
9,268
8,700
1,768
0
18
629,283
69,065,606
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
0
105
27
0
0
0
0
0
0
306
0
438
8,983,229
Underground Injection
Class I
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,010
Class II-V
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29,548
RCRA
Subtitle C
Landfills
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
13,050
0
0
0
0
0
13,050
. , 28,506
Other
On-site Land
Releases
. Pounds
424,353
5
0
190,000
0
0
0
5
0
567
0
614,930
4,438,103
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
424,353
280,238
246,490
198,640
74,298
13,050
9,268
8,705
1,768
873
18
1,257,701
82,546,002
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
0
4
250
0
..0
29,599
0
0
0
31
0
29,884
757,393

Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
424,353
280,242
246,740
198,640
74,298 ...
42,649
9,268
8,705
1,768,
904
18
1,287^585
83,303,395
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 component of food flavorings added to milk
 products, baked goods, fruit juices, candy, and soft
 drinks. It is also used in production of vinegar and
 yeast and to preserve fruit and fish. Acetaldehyde
 has been approved by FDA for these uses. The
 concentration of acetaldehyde in food is usually up
 to 0.047%. About half of the acetaldehyde air
emissions were reported in miscellaneous food
preparations (SIC code 2099, 205,000 pounds) and
half in wet corn milling (SIC code 2046, 203,000
pounds).

The OSHA carcinogens with the next-largest
releases in this sector were propylene oxide (82,000
 42
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                                    Chapter 2 — TRl Data for Food and Beverage Processing
pounds), dichloromethane (66,000 pounds), and
chloroform (31,000 pounds), also principally in air
emissions.

The industry with the largest releases of OSHA
carcinogens reported only other on-site land
releases. This was raw cane sugar production (SIC
code 2061) by the two facilities reporting 424,000
pounds of atrazine. Forms reporting multiple SIC
codes also reported most of their releases as other
on-site land disposal (190,000 pounds) for these
chemicals. Because of this reporting, air emissions
accounted for a smaller portion of releases of
OSHA carcinogens in this sector than in many
others. Air emissions were less than half (48.9%) of
the releases of these chemicals (629,000 pounds out
             of 1.3 million pounds). However, for other industry
             sectors, virtually all (99.9% or more) of the OSHA
             carcinogen releases were air emissions.

             Figure 2-7 shows the on- and off-site releases of the
             four-digit SIC codes with the largest OSHA
             carcinogen releases.

             1996 TRl Chemicals in
             Waste for Food and
             Beverage Processing

             The food and beverage processing sector reported
             more than half (54.4%) of its production-related
          450,000
          400,000 -


          350,000 -


          300,000 -


          250,000 -


          200,000 -


          150,000-


          100,000-


           50,000 -
                          D Transfers Off-site to Disposal
                          s Other On-site Land Releases
                          E RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
                          n UIJ, Class II-V Wells
                          BUIJ, Class I Wells
                          • Surface Water
                      2061
2046
                                                  2099
Mult.
                                                                              2087
          Figure 2-7. TRl On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes
             with Largest Totals, 1996:  Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. UIJ = underground injection.
Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
                                                                                            43
-------
           Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
 waste in 1996 as recycled on-site (216.4 million
 pounds out of 397.6 million pounds total), as shown
 in Table 2-9. Soybean oil mills (SIC code 2075)
 reported 137.6 million pounds of this on-site
 recycling; as noted earlier, the majority of this
 amount is attributed to one facility. Another 21.0%
of the sector's production-related waste was
reported as quantities released on- and off-site (83.5
million pounds). Soybean oil milling also
accounted for the largest portion of these releases,
30.2 million pounds. The industrial group with the
Table 2-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20
(In Rank Order)
SIC
Code
2075

2048
20-16
2022
2037
2063
2011
2074
2023
2037
2013
2015
2099
2082
2026
2076
2034
2077
2034
2032
2079
2061
2021
2052

2062
2047
2024
2033
2064
20S6
2041
2096
2033
20SS
2066
2098
2097
2035
2053
2044
2092
2033
2043
2068
2091
2051
2095
2045

Industry
Soybean Oil Mills
Multiple wilhin SIC Code 20
Prepared Feeds, ncc*
Wet GOTO Milling
Cheese, Natural & Processed
Flavoring Extracts & Syrups, ncc*
Beet Sugar
Meat Packing Plants
Cottonseed Oil Mills
Dry, Condensed, Evaporated Products
Frozen Fruits & Vegetables
Sausages & Other Prepared Meats
Poultry Slaughtering & Processing
Food Preparations, nee*
Mall Beverages
Fluid Milk
Vegetable Oil Mills, nee*
Wines, Brandy, & Brandy Spirits
Animal & Marine Fats & Oils
Dehydrated Fruits, Vegetables, Soups
Canned Specialties
Edible Fats & Oils, ncc*
Raw Cane Sugar
Creamery Butter
Cookies & Crackers
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 20
Cane Sugar Refining
Dog & Cat Food
Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts
Frozen Specialties, nee*
Candy & Other Confectionery Products
Bottled & Canned Soft Drinks
Flour & Other Grain Mill Products
Potato Chips & Similar Snacks
Canned Fruits & Vegetables
Distilled & Blended Liquors
Chocolate & Cocoa Products
Macaroni & Spaghetti
Manufactured Ice
Pickles, Sauces, & Salad Dressings
Frozen Bakery Products, Except Bread
Rfcc Milling
Fresh or Frozen Prepared Fish
Mak
Cereal Breakfast Foods
Salted & Roasted Nuts & Seeds
Canned & Cured Fish & Seafoods
Bread. Cake. & Related Products
Roasted Coffee
Prepared Flour Mixes & Doughs
Total for SIC Code 20
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
137,589,184
24,324,154
41,910,760
868,148
757,275
9,592,302
0
10,146
0
639,415
14,462
1,750
0
397,844
0
32,921
3,482
0
0
0
0
0
0
300
0
246,450
0
6,139
0
0
0
10,700
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
216,405,632
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
260,000
38,000
45,691
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,351
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9,600
52,068
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
411,710
Treated
On-site
Pounds
3,002,747
14,878,591
1,724,029
9,468,830
10,323,145
933,130
2,994,744
5,533,875
0
4,402,072
2,605,682
2,835,378
1,651,221
1,423,478
2,095,971
1,646,741
988,698
1,912,775
1,032,978
1,102,937
1,145,598
127,397
430,000
1,079,540
0
301,277
831,845
126,278
314,638
141,923
0
205,886
225
180,501
83,631
0
31,000
0
9,999
65,423
0
0
0
49,162
27,325
0
0
0
6,344
0
75,715,014
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
172,675
158,211
0
58,041
0
58,000
0
10,247
0
0
25,440
14,423
9,243
31,300
58
31,064
16,553
0
9,000
270,004
0
472,196
0
0
0
0
0
540,000
64
22,000
1,933
1,621
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,903,473
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
0
64,300
0
0
0
134,712
0
5,204
0
45,000
0
0
0
80,804
0
0
0
0
0
490
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
330,510
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
; 27,363
1,998,315
215,422
7,882,052
1,739,445
128,392
18,811
712,966
12,134
1,497,254
165,228
30,105
413,534
1,268,754
126,720
1,057,119
8,039
1,828
450,690
138,470
43,039
33,661
0
34,554
0
315,831
0
126
189,100
70,848
280,218
121,214
25,463
585
40,361
0
131,838
0
0
66,448
15,814
0
2,701
15,000
3,004
0
0
1,955
0
0
19,284,401
Quantity
Released
On- and
Off-site
Pounds
30,236,074
11,858,057
4,126,772
2,638,510
2,603,738
1,098,237
6,568,290
1,634,140
7,669,263
344,492
2,006,874
1,677,960
1,882,052
520,140
1,153,341
176,262
1,671,021
147,336
251,668
172,585
177,147
561,209
737,585
863
1,089,493
104,582
176
144,037
282,410
532,583
282,161
23,159
182,412
61,022
52,610
169,805
27
150,374
138,892
1,440
110,881
93,750
80,841
9,800
34,567
25,875
10,500
8,500
115
3,500
83,507,128
Total
Production- ]
related
Waste
Pounds
171,028,043
53,541,628
48,014,983
20,961,272
15,423,603
11,944,773
9,581,845
7,906,578
7,681,397
6,928,233
4,817,686
4,559,616
3,956,050
3,722,320
3,376,090
2,944,107
2,687,793
2,061,939
1,744,336
,684,486
,372,135
,194,463
,167,585
,115,257
,089,493
968,140
832,021
816,580
786,212
767,354
564,312
372,180
260,168
242,108
176,602
169,805
162,865
150,374
148,891
133,511
128,095
93,750
83,542
73,962
64,896
25,875
10,500
10,455
6,459
3,500
397,557,868
Non-
*roduction-
related
Waste
Pounds
800
98,828
15,326
0
3,860
7,000
0
15,125
131,000
7,466
16,493
42,785
76,445
17,697
8,223
6,895
8,000
5,561
11
18,015
0
2,393
0
11,580
0
24,041
0
0
350
14,689
0
310
14,740
0
610
0
0
18,675
5,750
0
8,328
0
6,246
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
587,242
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 44
-------
                                      Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
second-largest quantities in these two categories
was the group reporting multiple SIC codes.
These forms totaled 24.3 million pounds recycled
on-site and 11.9 million pounds released.

The multiple-codes group reported the largest
amount of on-site treatment. This sector reported
75.7 million pounds of on-site treatment (19.0%
of total production-related waste), which included
14.9 million pounds reported on forms with
multiple SIC codes. Production of natural and
processed cheese (SIC code 2022) was second in
this category reporting 10.3 million pounds.

Figure 2-8 illustrates the distribution of waste
management types in the food and beverage
processing sector's reporting for 1996.
Distribution of production-related waste for the
top industries in the sector appears in Figure 2-9.
     Quantity Released
         21.0%
  Off-site Waste
   Management
     5.4%
                                        On-site Waste
                                        Management
                                          73.6%
     Figure 2-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related
       Waste, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing
                    (SIC Code 20)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.

 Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals
 in Waste

 Food and beverage processors' current and projected
 data for production-related waste are summarized in
 Table 2-10. (As explained in Chapter 1, facilities
     100%
                                                                        S Quantity Released

                                                                        • Treated Off-site

                                                                        m Energy Recovery Off-site

                                                                        D Recycled Off-site

                                                                        a Treated On-site

                                                                        B Energy Recovery On-site

                                                                        ffl Recycled On-site
           2075    Mult.    2048   2046   2022   2087   2063   2011    2074   2023
                 Figure 2-9.  Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with
                 Largest Totals, 1996:  Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category
                                                                                                    45
-------
           Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
 Table 2-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:  Food and Beverage Processing,
 SIC Code 20
Waste Management Activity

On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and
Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
for SIC Code 20
Waste Management Activity

On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
for SIC Code 20
Current Year 1996
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
216,405,632 54.4
411,710 0.1
75,715,014 19.0
1,903,473 0.5
330,510 0.1
19,284,401 4.9
83,507,128 21.0
397,557,868 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1997
Percent
116.6
-23.5
2.3
-0.1
-8.7
1.2
1.5
64.3
Projected 1997
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
468,819,363 71.8
314,951 0.0
77,457,492 11.9
1,901,501 0.3
301,742 0.0
19,512,393 3.0
84,753,275 13.0
653,060,717 100.0
Projected Change
1997-1998
Percent
16.0
0.0
0.7
-0.5
1.5
1.6
-1.0
11.5
Projected 1998
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
543,741,506 74.7
314,951 0.0
77,975,999 10.7
1,892,802 0.3
306,182 0.0
19,827,272 2.7
83,898,753 11.5
727,957,465 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1998
Percent
151.3
-23.5
3.0
-0.6
-7.4
2.8
0.5
83.1
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
 not only report current data but project waste
 management quantities for the next two years in
 their TRI submissions.) By 1998, on-site recycling
 was projected to increase from about half (54.4%)
 to three-quarters (74.7%) of total production-related
 waste in this sector. This would be a 151.3%
 increase from 216.4 million pounds to a projected
 543.7 million pounds, most of it expected in the
 first year. Overall, total production-related waste
for SIC code 20 would increase 83.1%, from 397.6
million pounds to 728.0 million pounds.

These data include large amounts reported for 1996
and projected through 1998 by one soybean oil mill
mentioned in the discussion of "1996 TRI Data for
Food and Beverage Processing," earlier in this
chapter. This facility reported 137.0 million pounds
46
-------
                                   Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
of on-site recycling in 1996 and projected 465.8
million pounds in 1998.

Quantities released were projected to increase
slightly, from 83.5 million pounds in 1996 to 83.9
million pounds by 1998. However, with the very
large increase expected in on-site recycling,
releases would represent a much smaller proportion
of total production-related waste, down from 21.0%
in 1996 to 11.5% in 1998.

Increases were also projected in treatment:  3.0%
for on-site treatment, a 2.3 million-pound increase,
and 2.8% off-site, a 543,000 pound increase, by
1998. This also would result in treatment
accounting for a smaller proportion of total
production-related waste: On-site treatment was
19.0% of production-related waste in 1996, but
would decline to 10.7% in 1998, and off-site
treatment was 4.9% in 1996, declining to 2.7% in
1998.

Comparatively little change was expected in off-site
recycling and in on- and off-site energy recovery.

Figure 2-10 illustrates the projected changes in
waste management in this sector.

The large projected increase in on-site recycling
appears to indicate improved performance in
managing waste, as described in the waste
management hierarchy. In that hierarchy, explained
in Chapter 1, recycling is the preferred management
option for TRI chemicals in waste that cannot be
prevented in the first place. However, this sector's
projection for recycling reflects increasing
production-related waste, not decreases in other
less desirable waste management options, such as
releases and treatment. Thus, this forecast of the
sector's performance suggests little or no real
improvement.

A clearer view of projected performance by the
sector as a whole can be obtained by reviewing the
data without including the one facility that reported
large on-site recycling (137.0 million pounds) in
1996 and projected a large increase (to 465.8
million pounds in 1998). Without that facility's
data, on-site recycling and releases each amounted
to nearly one-third of total production-related waste
in the food and beverage processing sector in  1996,
with little projected change by 1998. This
represents not only little or no progress, but a
continuing high proportion of releases of
production-related waste, the least desirable option
for handling TRI chemicals in waste under the
waste management hierarchy.

Source Reduction  Activity

As shown in Table 2-11, 13.8% of the forms
submitted in this sector reported engaging in one or
more source reduction activities during 1996.  The
largest number of these forms—86 forms, out of
489 reporting source reduction activity—were in
the multiple-codes group (reporting more than one
four-digit SIC code in SIC code 20). This was
20.1% of all multiple-codes forms in food and
beverage processing, and the activity they most
often cited was improving their operating practices
(46 forms), followed by preventing spills and  leaks
(30 forms).

Cheese makers (SIC code 2022) submitted 45
forms indicating source reduction activity (18.6%
of the forms in that industry). Good operating
practices (20 forms) was also the category most
often identified in this industry, followed by
process modifications (11 forms).

Year-to-Year

Comparisons for Food

and  Beverage  Processing

1995-1996 TRI Data for Food and
Beverage Processing

From 1995 to 1996, the number of forms submitted
in food and beverage processing decreased 3.4%,
but the number of Form A certification statements
                                                                                          47
-------
          Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
               120
                      On-site Waste
                       Management
Off-site Waste
 Management
Quantity Released
On-site and Off-site
Total Production-
  related Waste
             Figure 2-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals
                in Waste, 1996-1998:  Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20)
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
rose 8.4%, as shown in Table 2-12. (The Form A
certification statement is explained in Chapter 1.)
This may reflect more widespread awareness of the
Form A certification statement in its second year of
availability.

On- and Off-site Releases

Table 2-12 presents on- and off-site releases for this
sector for 1995-1996, illustrated in Figure 2-11.
The total of these releases decreased from 86.5
million pounds in 1995 to 83.3 million pounds in
1996, a 3.7% reduction. The largest decrease
occurred in reporting of air emissions, which were
74.5 million pounds in 1995 and 69.1 million
pounds in 1996. This resulted from a 6.4 million-
pound reduction in point source emissions, partly
offset by a 951,000 pound increase in fugitive
emissions. Together, air emissions were reduced by
7.3%.
             Smaller decreases were reported in on-site land
             releases (from 4.7 million pounds to 4.5 million
             pounds) and in off-site releases (transfers to
             disposal, from 793,000 pounds to 757,000 pounds).

             Surface water discharges increased from 6.5
             million pounds in 1995 to nearly 9.0 million
             pounds in 1996, an increase of 39.3%.
             Underground injection, the smallest release type in
             this sector, showed an increase from 23,000 pounds
             to 31,000 pounds.

             Other On-site Waste Management

             By far the largest change in other on-site waste
             management appeared in on-site recycling, a
             reduction from 3.81 billion pounds in 1995 to 216.4
             million pounds in 1996, as presented in Table 2-12.
             This accounted for the great majority of the reduction
             in total other on-site waste management for this
             sector, which dropped from 3.94 billion pounds to
             292.5 million pounds. Both of these reductions
             amounted to more than 90% of the 1995 levels.
48
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                                            Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Table 2-11.  Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20
SIC
Code
2011
2013
2015
2021
2022
2023
2024
2026
2032
2033
2034
2035
2037
2038
2041
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2051
2052
2053
2061
2062
2063
2064
2066
2068
2074
2075
2076
2077
2079
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2091
2092
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099





Total
Industry Forms
Number
Meat Packing Plants
Sausages & Other Prepared Meats
Poultry Slaughtering & Processing
Creamery Butter
Cheese, Natural & Processed
Dry, Condensed, Evaporated Products
Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts
Fluid Milk
Canned Specialties
Canned Fruits & Vegetables
Dehydrated Fruits, Vegetables, Soups
Pickles, Sauces, & Salad Dressings
Frozen Fruits & Vegetables
Frozen Specialties, nee*
Flour & Other Grain Mill Products
Cereal Breakfast Foods
Rice Milling
Prepared Flour Mixes & Doughs
Wet Corn Milling
Dog & Cat Food
Prepared Feeds, nee*
Bread, Cake, & Related Products
Cookies & Crackers
Frozen Bakery Products, Except Bread
Raw Cane Sugar
Cane Sugar Refining
Beet Sugar
Candy & Other Confectionery Products
Chocolate & Cocoa Products
Salted & Roasted Nuts & Seeds
Cottonseed Oil Mills
Soybean Oil Mills
Vegetable Oil Mills, nee*
Animal & Marine Fats & Oils
Edible Fats & Oils, nee*
Malt Beverages
Malt
Wines, Brandy, & Brandy Spirits
Distilled & Blended Liquors
Bottled & Canned Soft Drinks
Flavoring Extracts & Syrups, nee*
Canned & Cured Fish & Seafoods
Fresh or Frozen Prepared Fish
Roasted Coffee
Potato Chips & Similar Snacks
Manufactured Ice
Macaroni & Spaghetti
Food Preparations, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 20
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 20
Total for SIC Code 20
78
55
194
12
242
94
55
139
28
26
21
13
96
31
68
9
4
3
93
51
824
2
21
7
17
9
39
6
7
1
27
90
15
39
51
77
2
25
24
253
54
4
10
3
27
12
9
119
427
28
3,541
Forms Repo
Source Redi
Activities
rting
iction
Percent of Op
All Forms P
Number Percent
22
13
21
3
45
22
15
24
9
2
4
5
25
12
5
1
0
0
9
3
37
1
3
1
9
0
2
0
1
0
4
12
7
0
6
14
1
5
2
11
11
1
2
0
4
3
1
18
86
7
489
28.2
23.6
10.8
25.0
18.6
23.4
27.3
17.3
32.1
7.7
19.0
38.5
26.0
38.7
7.4
11.1
0.0
0.0
9.7
5.9
4.5
50.0
14.3
14.3
52.9
0.0
5.1
0.0
14.3
0.0
14.8
13.3
46.7
0.0
11.8
18.2
50.0
20.0
8.3
4.3
20.4
25.0
20.0
0.0
14.8
25.0
11.1
15.1
20.1
25.0
13.8
Category of Source Reduction Activity
Raw Surface
Good Spill Material Process Cleaning Preparation Product
crating Inventory and Leak Modifi- Modifi- and and Modifi-
ractices Control Prevention cations cations Degreasing Finishing cations
Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number
11
,8
16
0
20
10
8
9
7
1
2
4
19
10
3
1
0
0
2
0
20
1
1
1
9
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
2
0
,4
9
0
3
0
6
5
1
2
0
1
3
1
10
46
3
264
0
0
0
0
6
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
20
7
4
7
0
9
1
3
9
1
1
0
0
13
5
0
0
0
0
1
3
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
2
7
1
1
0
3
2
1
0
0
3
1
0
4
30
0
137
1
1
0
0
0
3
1
5
2
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
28
11
5
4
0
11
8
4
4
0
1
4
2
5
3
3
0
0
0
6
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
3
7
5
0
3
6
0
2
0
3
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
17
5
146
0
1
0
3
8
7
1
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
13
0
40
0
0
2
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
11
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
Note: Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                               49
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             Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Table 2-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-Site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for
Further Waste Management, 1995-1996: Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1995
Number
2,050
3,664
2,745
919
Pounds

74,491,223
20,859,651
53,631,572
6,446,608
23,010
4,712,880
85,673,721

792,799
86,466,520

3,809,604,478
149,252
135,009,546
3,944,763,276

1,375,035
191,257
1,006,508
23,342,285
2,448
25,917,533

1996
Number
1,993
3,541
2,545
996
Pounds

69,065,606
21,810,437
47,255,169
8,983,229
30,558
4,466,609
82,546,002

757,393
83,303,395

216,405,632
411,710
75,715,014
292,532,356

1,816,235
267,672
1,286,750
20,311,887
750
23,683,294
Change
1995 to 1996
Percent
-2.8
-3.4
-7.3
8.4
Percent

-7.3
4.6
-11.9
39.3
32.8
-5.2
-3.7

-4.5
-3.7

-94.3
175.8
-43.9
-92.6

32.1
40.0
27.8
-13.0
-69.4
-8.6
Note: On-slte Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste
Management from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of
Ftorm R. Breakdown of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code.
 50
-------
                                       Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
      50
      40-
      30-
      20-
      10
       0 -
      -10
                    Air
                                  Surface
                                   Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
 Transfers
  Off-site
to Disposal
            Figure 2-11. Percentage Change in On-Site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:
                            Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995.
Seven facilities in SIC code 20 reported from 50
million to 1 billion pounds each in on-site recycling
of n-hexane in 1995, but none in 1996. Each year,
as noted in Chapter 1, TRI facilities report
production-related waste quantities for the prior
year as well as the current year (along with
projections for the next two years). On their 1996
TRI Form Rs, these facilities also reported zero
amounts for the prior year (1995), although they
did not submit revisions of their actual 1995 data.
These changes generally indicate that facilities have
revised their interpretation of on-site recycling.
There are no TRI regulatory definitions of
recycling. Facilities may use their own
interpretations for purposes of reporting to TRI.
Changes in these interpretations do not represent a
change in guidance by EPA on how to report
recycling.
   The seven facilities also projected no recycling of
   n-hexane in future years, and projections for this
   sector discussed earlier in this chapter (in
   "Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste")
   are not influenced by their reporting.

   Data for 1996 in this comparison include the
   soybean oil mill that reported 137.0 million pounds
   of on-site recycling of n-hexane, discussed in the
   section on "1996 TRI Data for Food and Beverage
  ' Processing" above. This facility did not report in
   1995. Comparison data for on-site recycling for
   1995 to 1996 in Table 2-12 thus include a 137.0
   million-pound increase for this facility. However,
   the large reduction by the seven facilities who no
   longer report n-hexane recycling overshadows this
   increase, when data are presented for the sector as
   in Table 2-12.
                                                                                                   51
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         Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
On-site treatment also showed a sizable decrease
for this period, although largely masked by the
numbers for on-site recycling. In 1995, on-site
treatment was 135.0 million pounds, and in 1996, it
was 75.7 million pounds, a 43.9% reduction.

Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

Table 2-12 also presents 1995-1996 data for
transfers off-site for further waste management in
the food and beverage processing sector. The total
decreased from 25.9 million pounds to 23.7 million
pounds (8.6% reduction), driven by a 13.0%
reduction in transfers to POTWs, the transfer type
with the largest amounts in this sector. Food and
beverage processors reported sending 23.3 million
pounds to POTWs in 1995 and 20.3 million pounds
in 1996.

Other types of transfers increased, but the amounts
involved were smaller, as shown in Table 2-12.

Changes in SIC Codes

As indicated in facility descriptions below, some
facilities report different SIC codes over time. This
may reflect new or discontinued lines  of
production, or it may represent a different
understanding of how SIC code designations relate
to a facility's business activities. These changes can
contribute—sometimes largely—to apparent
increases or decreases across comparison years in
the amounts reported by the four-digit, or even
two-digit, SIC codes.

1988-1996 TRI  Data for Food and
Beverage Processing

As explained in Chapter 1, comparisons from the
1988 TRI baseline year to the current year rely on
the list of "core" TRI chemicals that were
reportable, with the same reporting definition, in all
years. These multi-year comparisons also review
only the data elements that were collected in all
years, which excludes from this section any analysis
that distinguishes RCRA subtitle C landfills from
other land releases as well as analysis based on the
types of underground injection wells. On-site waste
management data and transfers off-site to recycling
and to energy recovery have been collected only
since 1991; these data are included, but cannot be
compared across the full 1988-1996 period.

From 1988 to 1996, food and beverage industries'
reporting of total releases decreased from 8.4
million pounds to 5.1 million pounds, a 38.9%
reduction. All types of releases decreased. The
largest component of the 3.3 million-pound overall
reduction was surface water discharges, which
decreased 1.3 million pounds (from 1.4 million
pounds to 107,000 pounds) during this period. Air
emissions decreased by 904,000 pounds (from 4.7
million pounds to 3.8 million pounds), primarily in
fugitive emissions, although both types of air
emissions rose in the last year. Off-site releases
went from 1.1 million pounds in 1988 to 298,000
pounds in 1996, a 787,000 pound decrease.

These data appear in Table 2-13, and percentage
changes are illustrated in Figure 2-12.

On-site waste management and transfers off-site for
recycling or energy recovery were not collected in
1988. For the 1994-1996 period, a reduction in
on-site recycling from 12.0 million pounds to 10.0
million pounds was partly offset by an increase in
on-site treatment from 41.2 million pounds to 42.6
million pounds. Relatively little was reported in
energy recovery. The net change in other on-site
waste management for 1988-1996 was a reduction
of 497,000 pounds, from 53.4 million pounds to
52.9 million pounds.

Among categories reported in all years, transfers
off-site to POTWs decreased from 14.0 million
pounds to 10.4 million pounds, a 25.8% reduction.
Transfers to treatment increased from 238,000
pounds to 431,000 pounds; although the absolute
amounts were relatively small, this represented an
81.5% increase.
52
-------
                                                  Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processin
Table 2-13. Comparison of TRI On-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further
Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Land Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1988
Number
1,185 '
1,777
1,777 .
NA
Pounds

4,749,078
2,505,922
2,243,156
1,395,632
12,800 ;
1,134,750
7,292,260

1,085,457
8,377,717

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA .
NA •
237,511
14,027,014
122,933
NA

1994
Number
1,532
2,451
2,451
NA
Pounds

4,062,676
1,838,885
2,223,791
51,424
260
1,314,805
5,429,165

584,395
6,013,560

12,020,355
205,930
41,208,559
53,434,844

1,174,803
144,835
679,937
12,495,923
5,004
14,500,502

1995
Number
1,550
2,469
1,655
814
Pounds

3,521,930
1,587,224
1,934,706
120,025
10
1,163,061
4,805,026

315,331
5,120,357

9,176,780
149,252
44,285,763
53,611,795

878,895
174,671
441,457
11,745,510
250
13,240,783

1996
Number
1,522
2,473
1,560
913
Pounds

3,844,770
1,779,364
2,065,406
107,203
260
869,825
4,822,058

298,445
5,120,503

9,971,687
359,642
42,606,959
52,938,288

1,500,904
212,474
431,005
10,401,096
750
12,546,229
Change
1988 to 1996
Percent
28.4
39.2
-12.2
NA
Percent

-19.0
-29.0
-7.9
-92.3
-98.0
-23.3
-33.9

-72.5
-38.9

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
81.5
-25.8
-99.4
NA
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste Management
from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown
of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996. For 1994-1996, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code.  For 1988, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code or codes not required to be reported in
1988. NA: not required to be reported in that year.
                                                                                                                             53
-------
          Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
     -80
    -100-
    -120
                  Air
Surface
 Water
 r
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
 Transfers
   Off-site
to Disposal
            Figure 2-12.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases,! 988-1996:
                            Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20)
Note: Docs not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground Injection
and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996.
 From 1988 to 1996, the number of forms submitted
 in food and beverage processing rose 39.2%, in
 contrast to a 4.2% decline for all industry sectors
 over the same period.

 1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in
 Food and Beverage Processing

 Tables 2-14 through 2-16 summarize data for 1988
 and 1994-1996 for industries at the four-digit SIC
 code level within SIC code 20. The tables present,
 respectively, on- and off-site releases, other on-site
 waste management, and transfers off-site for further
 waste management.
                    On- and Off-site Releases

                    The industry with the largest increase in releases
                    from 1988 to 1996 was miscellaneous flavoring
                    extracts and syrups (SIC code 2087), whose total
                    on- and off-site releases rose from 62,000 pounds
                    to 556,000 pounds. This came from increases in
                    reported air emissions, on-site land releases and
                    off-site releases (transfers to disposal). Two other
                    industry groups had increases of more than 200,000
                    pounds: the multiple SIC codes category (from 1.5
                    million pounds to 1.8 million pounds) and poultry
                    slaughtering and processing (SIC code 2015, from
                    44,000 pounds to 251,000 pounds). Both
                    represented a number of changes partly off-setting
                    one another, including increases in air emissions
 54
-------
                                      Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
 and decreases in surface water discharges in both
 cases.

 The industry with the largest decrease was
 miscellaneous food preparations (SIC code 2099).
 This industry reported 1.1 million pounds in total
 releases in 1988 and 382,000 pounds in 1996; this
 reduction was attributable primarily to air
 emissions and secondarily to off-site releases
 (transfers to disposal). The next largest reduction
 was in frozen fruits and vegetables (SIC code
 2037), from 548,000 pounds in 1988 to 159,000
 pounds in 1996. On-site land releases and air
 emissions, as well as off-site releases (transfers to
 disposal), decreased in this industry. Third for
 reductions was beet sugar (SIC code 2063), which
 reported 385,000 pounds in  1988 and none in 1996.

 Table 2-14 provides release  data for all four-digit
 SIC codes in the food and beverage processing
 sector, for 1988-1996.

 Other On-site Waste Management

 The multiple-codes group accounted for the largest
 reduction in other on-site waste management for
 1994-1996 (on-site waste management data were
 not collected in 1988). TRI forms in this group
 reported 17.9 million pounds of such waste
 management in 1994 and 14.1 million pounds in
 1996, a 3.7 million-pound reduction. About
 two-thirds of this reported decrease in on-site waste
 management occurred in recycling and the rest in
 treatment, with a small increase in energy recovery.

 Three industries had decreases of more than 1
 million pounds each. These were miscellaneous
 food preparations (SIC code  2099), with a
reduction of 1.2 million pounds; miscellaneous
edible fats and oils (SIC code 2079), 1.2
million-pound reduction; and potato chips and
similar snacks (SIC code 2096), 1.1 million-pound
reduction. For the miscellaneous food products and
miscellaneous fats and oils, these decreases were
attributable to treatment. For chip and snack
 products, the largest reduction occurred in
 recycling.

 The largest increase was reported in production of
 natural and processed cheese (SIC code 2022),
 which increased from 8.0 million pounds in 1994 to
 10.1 million pounds in 1996. On-site treatment
 accounted for this increase, partly offset by a
 smaller decrease in on-site recycling.

 The miscellaneous flavoring extracts and syrups
 (SIC code 2087) reported an increase of 1.8 million
 pounds, and the dry, condensed, evaporated
 products (SIC code 2023, a dairy products industry)
 reported an increase of 1.3 million pounds. Both
 arose from increases in on-site recycling and
 treatment; the larger portion of the increase for
 flavorings was in recycling and the larger portion of
 the increase for dry dairy products was in
 treatment. No other industry reported an increase of
 more than 1 million pounds.

 On-site waste management data for 1994-1996
 appear in Table 2-15.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 As shown in Table 2-16, the miscellaneous food
 preparations industry (SIC code 2099) reported a
 decrease in transfers off-site for further waste
 management from 1.8 million pounds in 1994 to
 344,000 pounds in 1996 (data for some types of
 off-site transfers were not collected in 1988). This
 was the largest reduction, 1.5 million pounds,
 posted in the food and beverage processing sector,
 and it represented a decrease of 978,000 pounds in
 transfers to POTWs with smaller reductions in
 other transfer types.

Production of natural and processed cheese (SIC
code 2022) was second with a 1.2 million-pound
reduction, entirely in transfers to POTWs.
                                                                                               55
-------
r
                      Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
          Table 2-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Food and Beverage Processing,
          SIC Code 20
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
2011


2013


2015


2021



2022


2023


2024



2026



2032


2033



Industry
Meat Packing Plants


Sausages & Other Prepared Meats


Poultry Slaughtering & Processing


Creamery Butter



Cheese, Natural & Processed


Dry, Condensed, Evaporated Products


Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts



Fluid Milk



Canned Specialties


Canned Fruits & Vegetables



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
29,545
11,428
30,609
40,660
16,383
25,688
48,650
79,130
73,919
52,818
48,736
750
500
0
0
250
2,024
431
434
3,548
127,160
128,971
123,196
164,231
0
0
23,000
5,900
2,045
2,030
4,092
22,530
134,372
129,685
148,779
238,652
2,215
1,260
2,015
2,750
Surface
Water Underground
Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds
27,823
78,404
1,005
38,348
5
5
5
250
2,167
1,750
1,250
40,762
0
0
0
0
10
55
54
106,619
5
5
10
16,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
20,795
198,671
250
750
750
8,350
0
0
250
7,050
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,300
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
750
0
13,004
0
0
174,453
238,868
191,262
2,700
0
0
0
0
24,342
132,854
359,409
20,870
5,900
500
10
92,677
0
0
0
0
500
0
20,795
109,464
3,339
3,339
1,965
21,306
0
0
0
74,481
Off-site
Releases

Total Transfers Total On-
On-site Off-site to and Off-site
Releases Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds
57,368
89,832
31,614
79,758
16,388
38,697
48,655
79,380
250,539
293,436
241,248
44,212
500
0
0
250
26,376
133,345
359,897
131,287
133,065
129,476
123,216
272,908
0
0
23,000
5,900
2,545
2,030
45,682
330,665
137,961
133,774
151,494
268,308
2,215
1,260
2,265
96,581
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
83,307
44,319
121,804
0
18,000
16,540
16,304
98,377
0
0
0
0
6,200
24,985
17,540
0
0
0
250
2,252
0
0
0
51,807
57,368
89,832
31,614
79,758
16,388
38,697
48,655
79,380
250,539
293,436
241,248
44,212
500
0
0
250
109,683
177,664
481,701
131,287
151,065
146,016
139,520
371,285
0
0
23,000
5,900
8,745
27,015
63,222
330,665
137,961
133,774
151,744
270,560
2,215
1,260
2,265
148,388
          Note: On-sUe Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
          4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
          "nee: not elsewhere classified.
            56
-------
                                               Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
 Table 2-14.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Food and Beverage Processing,
 SIC Code 20, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
2034



2035



2037



2038



2041



2043



2044



2045



2046



2047



Industry
Dehydrated Fruits, Vegetables, Soups



Pickles, Sauces, & Salad Dressings



Frozen Fruits & Vegetables



Frozen Specialties, nee*



Flour & Other Grain Mill Products



Cereal Breakfast Foods



Rice Milling



Prepared Flour Mixes & Doughs



Wet Corn Milling



Dog & Cat Food



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
19,863
768
36,263
59,712
258
8
12
250
75,281
81,430
122,289
163,395
49,572
51,700
83,882
88,889
167,979
170,370
186,934
42,889
34,460
21,200
30,700
31,000
93,400
90,000
20,205
17,640
5
5
5
10,750
382,334
469,758
318,773
301,424
3,985
35,786
54,201
37,761
Surface
Water Underground
Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
1,400
: o
0
0
1,917
0
0
0
6,027
0
0
324
66,500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
105
365
1,020
58,300
1,072
250
250
2,926
0
0
0
0
250
0
250
250
10
5
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
0
83,370
59,432
74,618
255,699
0
0
0
0
0
0
0'
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
1,250
1,200
0
0
0
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
19,868
768
36,268
61,112
513
8
267
2,417
158,661
140,867
196,917
425,121
49,572
51,700
84,206
155,389
167,979
170,370
186,934
42,889
34,460
21,200
30,700
31,000
93,400
90,000
20,205
17,640
5
5
5
10,750
382,444
470,128
319,793
360,974
6,257
36,036
54,451
40,687
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds




0
0
0
0
242






0
0
0
0
0
0
122,687










0
2,700
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
254
278
761
275
1,750
250
1,810
68,742
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0


















19,868
768
36,268
61,112
755
8
267
2,417
158,661
140,867
196,917
547,808
49,572
51,700
84,206
155,389
167,979
170,370
186,939
42,889
34,460
21,200
30,700
33,700
93,400
90,000
20,205
17,640
5
5
5
10,750
382,698
470,406
320,554
361,249
8,007
36,286
56,261
109,429
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                       57
-------
r
                      Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
         Table 2-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Food and Beverage Processing,
         SIC Code 20, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
2043


2051


2052


2053


2061


2062


2063



2064


2066


2067



Industry
Prepared Feeds, nee*


Bread, Cake, & Related Products


Cookies & Crackers


Frozen Bakery Products, Except Bread


Raw Cane Sugar


Cnnc Sugar Refining


Beet Sugar



Candy & Other Confectionery Products


Chocolate Se. Cocoa Products


Chewing Gum



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
66,560
54,883
106,992 1
410
35
149
50,481 1,265
0
1,015
0
0
No reports received
No reports received
58,839
23,500
30,000
18,848
19,840
No reports received
303
5,047
12,863
3,052
176
7,755
7
750
No reports received
0
5
384,508
0
0
0
0
273
12,949
53,000
206,991
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
15,231
3,146
2,425
169,381
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

203,826
331,978
217,769
107,050
0
0
0
750

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



0
Off-site
Releases

Total Transfers Total On-
On-site Off-site to and Off-site
Releases Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds
82,201
58,064
110,566
221,127
0
1,015
0
0

58,839
23,500
30,000
18,848
19,840

204,129
337,025
230,632
110,102
176
7,755
7
2,250

0
5
384,508
0
0
0
0
273
12,949
53,000
206,991



0
44,212
36,127
90,793
41,814
0
0
0
0

0
15,840
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



0
126,413
94,191
201,359
262,941
0
1,015
0
0

58,839
39,340
30,000
18,848
19,840

204,129
337,025
230,632
110,102
176
7,755
7
2,250


5
384,508
0
0
0
0
273
12,949
53,000
206,991



0
          Note: On-slte Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
          4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
          *ncc: not elsewhere classified.
           58
-------
                                               Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Table 2-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Food and Beverage Processing,
SIC Code 20, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
2068



2074



2075



2076



2077



2079



2082



2083



2084



2085



2086



Industry
Salted & Roasted Nuts & Seeds



Cottonseed Oil Mills



Soybean Oil Mills



Vegetable Oil Mills, nee*



Animal & Marine Fats & Oils



Edible Fats & Oils, nee*



Malt Beverages



Malt



Wines, Brandy, & Brandy Spirits



Distilled & Blended Liquors



Bottled & Canned Soft Drinks



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
Releases
to Land
Pounds
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
No reports received
14,700
10,110
0
0
0
0
0
0
14,700
10,110
0
0
14,700
10,110
No reports received
0
0
0
0
524
774
1,432
750
257
0
2,589
0
280
755
1,134
4,505
500
750
500
138,119
30,101
30,420
29,024
24,469
9,800
13,000
10,000
27,650
0
0
0
9,750
37,818
1,500
4,026
2,412
255
255
1,583
5,484
0
: o
0
0
306
1,611
2,273
6,686
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
754
0
0
0
30,250
417
58
64
6,317
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
634
250
299
275
250
500
500
i 5,910
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
567
10,931
15,343
22,202
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13,050
6,005
7,800
94,075
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35,292
26,469
36,849
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,397
12,716
19,048
29,638
257
0
2,589
0
280
755
1,134
5,259
13,550
6,755
8,300
262,444
30,518
30,478
29,088
30,786
9,800
13,000
10,000
27,650
35,292
26,469
36,849
9,750
38,452
1,750
4,325
2,687
505
755
2,083
11,394
0
0
0
0
31
4,348
4,776
13,917
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29,599
110,450
132,251
121,754
1,086
1,967
0
380
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
327
1,179
0
0
0
0
1,428
17,064
23,824
43,555
257
0
2,589
0
280
755
1,134
5,259
43,149
117,205
140,551
384,198
31,604
32,445
29,088
31,166
9,800
13,000
10,000
27,650
35,292
26,469
36,849
9,750
38,452
1,750
4,325
2,687
505
760
2,410
12,573
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                      59
-------
            Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Table 2-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Food and Beverage Processing,
SIC Code 20, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
2087



2091



2092



2095



2096



2097



2098



2099















Industry
Flavoring Extracts & Syrups, nee*



Canned & Cured Fish & Seafoods



Fresh or Frozen Prepared Fish



Roasted Coffee



Potato Chips & Similar Snacks



Manufactured Ice



Macaroni & Spaghetti



Food Preparations, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 20



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 20



Total for SIC Code 20



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
448,833
483,256
33,906
61,674
Surface
Water Underground
Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
25,067
153,439
0
0
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
473,900
636,695
33,906
61,674
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
82,515
1,003
0
500
556,415
637,698
33,906
62,174
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
0
0
0
10
0
5
0
0
55,470
24,757
35,700
207,855
190,005
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
94,697
0
0
189,200
1,100
0
0
0
15
5
5
0
0
150,167
24,757
35,700
397,055
191,105
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
72,000
4,835
0
0
1,100
0
0
0
15
5
5
0
0
222,167
29,592
35,700
397,055
192,205
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
0
169,049
105,747
139,260
84,896
308,921
506,225
839,778
998,460
1,468,115
949,860
1,242,943
717,641
32,943
5,155
4,205
446,400
3,844,770
3,521,930
4,062,676
4,749,078
0
0
0
0
0
46
755
10
2,700
63,453
705
3,461
619,811
10,250
35,127
17,950
167,789
107,203
120,025
51,424
1,395,632
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
260
10
260
12,800
0
0
0
0
0
72,143
0
0
0
211,030
182,591
196,850
50,898
500
500
500
15,400
869,825
1,163,061
1,314,805
1,134,750
0
169,049
105,747
139,260
84,896
381,110
506,980
839,788
1,001,160
1,742,598
1,133,156
1,443,254
1,388,350
43,693
40,782
22,655
629,589
4,822,058
4,805,026
5,429,165
7,292,260
0
0
0
0
0
1,300
48,589
126,820
117,674
25,114
26,470
70,954
159,586
0
0
0
192,873
298,445
315,331
584,395
1,085,457
0
169,049
105,747
139,260
84,896
382,410
555,569
966,608
1,118,834
1,767,712
1,159,626
1,514,208
1,547,936
43,693
40,782
22,655
822,462
5,120,503
5,120,357
6,013,560
8,377,717
Note: On-slte Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
"ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 60
-------
                                            Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Table 2-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Food and Beverage
Processing, SIC Code 20
SIC
Code
2011


2013


2015


2021


2022



2023


2024



2026



2032


2033


2034


Industry
Meat Packing Plants


Sausages & Other Prepared Meats


Poultry Slaughtering & Processing


Creamery Butter


Cheese, Natural & Processed



Dry, Condensed, Evaporated Products


Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts



Fluid Milk



Canned Specialties


Canned Fruits & Vegetables


Dehydrated Fruits, Vegetables, Soups


Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
300
290
290
NA
729,675
906,409
1,115,368
NA
636,415
237,000
196,370
NA
0
0
0
NA
6,400
40,797
38,606
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
: 0
0
NA
0
i 0
0
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
b
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
6,351
35,285
27,580
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
891,546
951,666
743,265
NA
493,267
621,252
584,300
NA
1,350,173
1,868,657
1,957,240
NA
1,079,540
70,872
242,227
NA
9,338,450
8,824,435
6,926,288
NA
3,386,556
2,500,210
2,510,643
NA
292,369
483,059
321,804
NA
1,358,828
1,456,327
1,573,910
NA
1,132,598
1,008,113
1,036,278
NA
83,631
77,144
65,316
NA
361,210
244,172
89,569
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
891,546
951,666
743,265
NA
493,267
621,252
584,300
NA
1,350,173
1,868,657
1,957,240
NA
1,079,840
71,162
242,517
NA
10,068,125
9,730,844
8,041,656
NA
4,022,971
2,737,210
2,707,013
NA
292,369
483,059
321,804
NA
1,365,228
1,497,124
1,612,516
NA
1,138,949
1,043,398
1,063,858
NA
83,631
77,144
65,316
NA
361,210
244,172
89,569
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                 61
-------
            Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
 Table 2-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Food and Beverage
 Processing, SIC Code 20, Continued
SIC
Code
2035



2037



2038



2041



2043



2044



2045



2046



2047



2043



2051



Industry
Pickles, Sauces, & Salad Dressings



Frozen Fruits & Vegetables



Frozen Specialties, nee*



Flour & Other Chain Mill Products



Cereal Breakfast Foods



Rice Milling



Prepared Flour Mixes & Doughs



Wet Com Milling



Dog &Cat Food



Prepared Feeds, nee*



Bread, Cake, & Related Products



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
200
0
0
NA
0
7,300
9,000
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
35,688
89,642
799
NA
6,139
6,024
0
NA
116,908
100,142
121,463
NA
0
0
0
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
45,691
36,185
8,633
NA
0
0
0
NA
38,000
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
65,366
6,864
36,563
NA
1,236,210
1,077,299
611,788
NA
104,308
114,006
156,912
NA
225
11,775
1
NA
11,100
21,625
26,680
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
3,309,070
3,022,781
2,763,288
NA
68,778
5,165
27,049
NA
781,762
559,680
691,910
NA
0
0
0
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
65,566
6,864
36,563
NA
1,236,210
1,084,599
620,788
NA
104,308
114,006
156,912
NA
225
11,775
1
NA
11,100
21,625
26,680
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
3,390,449
3,148,608
2,772,720
NA
74,917
11,189
27,049
NA
936,670
659,822
813,373
NA
0
0
0
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
•nee: not elsewhere classified.
 62
-------
                                            Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Table 2-15.  TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Food and Beverage
Processing, SIC Code 20, Continued
SIC
Code
2052



2053



2061



2062



2063



2064



2066



2067



2068



2074



2075



Industry
Cookies & Crackers



Frozen Bakery Products, Except Bread



Raw Cane Sugar



Cane Sugar Refining



Beet Sugar



Candy & Other Confectionery Products



Chocolate & Cocoa Products



Chewing Gum



Salted & Roasted Nuts & Seeds



Cottonseed Oil Mills



Soybean Oil Mills



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Energy
Recycled Recovery
On-site On-site
Pounds Pounds
No reports received
No reports received
0
NA
0
0
0
No reports received
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
0
0
NA -
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
No reports received
0
0
No reports received
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA


0
NA
0
0
0

0
789
717
NA
0
0
0
NA

0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA



NA

0
0

0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds


0
NA
0
0
0

0
0
0
NA
831,845
691,739
829,401
NA

0
9,650
NA
0
0
0
NA
31,000
597
2,450
NA



NA

0
0

0
0
0
NA
1,378,396
1,616,602
1,715,007
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds


0
NA
0
0
0

0
789
717
NA
831,845
691,739
829,401
NA

0
9,650
NA
0
0
0
NA
31,000
597
2,450
NA



NA

0
0

0
0
0
NA
1,378,396
1,616,602
1,715,007
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                63
-------
            Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Table 2-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Food and Beverage
Processing, SIC Code 20, Continued
SIC
Code
2076



2077



2079



2082



2083



2084



2085



2086



2087



2091



2092



Industry
Vegetable Oil Mills, nee*



Animal & Marine Fats & Oils



Edible Fats & Oils, nee*



Malt Beverages



Malt



Wines, Brandy, & Brandy Spirits



Distilled & Blended Liquors



Bottled & Canned Soft Drinks



Flavoring Extracts & Syrups, nee*



Canned & Cured Fish & Seafoods



Fresh or Frozen Prepared Fish



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
3,482
4,584
3,670
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
5,964
6,414
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
10,700
10,623
10,730
NA
4,306,182
6,826,177
3,178,772
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
0
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
9,600
9,600
22,000
NA
0
0
0
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
8,698
16,019
18,150
NA
230,252
180,360
202,181
NA
116,546
782,716
1,294,641
NA
1,776,542
1,645,801
1,794,311
NA
49,162
74,100
51,800
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
45
45
NA
178,000
70,138
63,049
NA
827,940
892,553
182,543
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
12,180
20,603
21,820
NA
230,252
180,360
202,181
NA
116,546
788,680
1,301,055
NA
1,776,542
1,645,801
1,794,311
NA
49,162
74,100
51,800
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
45
45
NA
198,300
90,361
95,779
NA
5,134,122
7,718,730
3,361,315
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
Note: Dala from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 64
-------
                                            Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processin.
Table 2-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Food and Beverage
Processing, SIC Code 20, Continued
SIC
Code
2095



2096



2097



2098



2099















Industry
Roasted Coffee



Potato Chips & Similar Snacks



Manufactured Ice



Macaroni & Spaghetti



Food Preparations, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 20



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 20



Total for SIC Code 20



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
970,000
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
0
NA
363,844
330,815
126,150
NA
3,524,154
486,113
6,115,123
NA
231,600
124,900
127,600
, 0
9,971,687
9,176,780
12,020,355
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
260,000
67,393
147,000
NA
0
0
0
0
359,642
149,252
205,930
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
6,344
0
0
NA
180,501
142,229
297,839
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
1,030,452
2,712,935
2,475,002
NA
10,317,145
12,019,666
11,588,245
NA
299,149
515,161
319,214
0
42,606,959
44,285,763
41,208,559
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
6,344
0
0
NA
180,501
142,229
1,267,839
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
1,394,296
3,043,750
2,601,152
NA
14,101,299
12,573,172
17,850,368
NA
530,749
640,061
446,814
0
52,938,288
53,611,795
53,434,844
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                65
-------
             Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Table 2-16.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20
SIC
Code
2011



2013



2015



2021



2022



2023



2024



2026



2032



2033



2034



Industry
Meat Packing Plants



Sausages & Other Prepared Meats



Poultry Slaughtering & Processing



Creamery Butter



Cheese, Natural & Processed



Dry, Condensed, Evaporated Products



Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts



Fluid Milk



Canned Specialties



Canned Fruits & Vegetables



Dehydrated Fruits, Vegetables, Soups



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
14,423
12,814
0
NA
250
250
750
NA
0
0
0.
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
, NA
31,064
38,937
30,300
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
14,414
0
NA
5
0 '
0
NA
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
5,204
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
45,000
39,294
33,646
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
500
500
47,698
0
0
5,354
34,800
0
23,913
31,137
0
0
33,800
23,000
75,500
9,330
10,275
7,340
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
6,927
11,044
111,154
286,303
14,900
2,678
3,760
11,200
105,394
110,782
247,925
93,174
34,554
52,273
55,947
163,756
270,964
909,716
1,423,981
2,625,251
548,199
52,284
220,053
707,123
161,446
218,852
193,345
422,640
1,145,080
1,256,288
1,286,735
2,666,224
63,814
57,351
40,319
53,554
250
0
15,090
95,747
255
5
5
50,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,131
11,044
111,154
NA
29,323
15,492
3,760
NA
105,644
111,032
248,675
NA
34,554
52,273
55,947
NA
271,464
910,216
1,424,481
NA
593,199
91,578
259,053
NA
161,446
242,765
224,482
NA
1,176,894
1,329,025
1,340,035
NA
73,144
67,626
47,659
NA
500
14,414
15,090
NA
260
5
5
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc; not elsewhere classified.
 66
-------
                                                Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Table 2-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20, Continued
SIC
Code
2035



2037



2038



2041



2043



2044



2045



2046



2047



2048



2051



Industry
Pickles, Sauces, & Salad Dressings



Frozen Fruits & Vegetables



Frozen Specialties, nee*



Flour & Other Grain Mill Products



Cereal Breakfast Foods



Rice Milling



Prepared Flour Mixes & Doughs



Wet Corn Milling



Dog & Cat Food



Prepared Feeds, nee*



Bread, Cake, & Related Products



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
1,352
2,315
NA
0 '
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
58,041
77,668
164,464
NA
540,000
0
263,000
NA
0
25,556
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
0
1,410
1,034
2,900
10,990
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,463
1,064
250
0
0
0
0
0
3,627
2,375
4,271
0
0
0
0
0
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
13,332
16,440
11,000
92,840
37,988
12,283
14,551
14,162
28,603
19,727
18,485
19,998
25,468
11,784
18,998
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,013,371
6,587,295
6,186,122
2,966,112
1,250
1,250
1,750
2,608
7,872
11,544
28,611
89,292
0
950
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,500
0
0
0
0
13,332
16,440
11,000
NA
39,398
13,317
17,451
NA
28,603
21,079
20,800
NA
25,468
11,784
18,998
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
6,072,875
6,666,027
6,350,840
NA
541,250
1,250
264,750
NA '
11,499
39,475
32,882
NA
0
950
0
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                        67
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            Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Table 2-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20, Continued
SIC
Code
2052



2053



2061



2062



2063



2064



2066



2067



2068



2074



2075



Industry Year
Cookies & Crackers



Frozen Bakery Products, Except
Bread


Raw Cane Sugar



Cane Sugar Refining



Beet Sug.ir



Candy & Other Confectionery Products



Chocolate & Cocoa Products



Chewing Gum



Salted & Roasted Nuts & Seeds



Cottonseed Oil Mills



Soybean Oil Mills



96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
No reports received
No reports received
0
NA
0
0
0
No reports received
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
No reports received
0
0
No reports received
0
0
0
NA
172,675
109,555
132,305
NA


0
NA
0
0
0

0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA

0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA



NA

0
0

0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA


0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
76,000
76,612
27,746
0



6,257

0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,488
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds


0
0
13,814
35,590
24,100

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30,409
31,367
21,720
18,268



0

0
0

0
0
0
0
1,005
1,255
16,255
84,512


0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



0

0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


0
NA
13,814
35,590
24,100

0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA

0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
106,409
107,979
49,466
NA



NA

0
0

0
0
0
NA
173,680
110,810
148,560
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code.  Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
•ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 68
-------
                                               Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processin
Table 2-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20, Continued
SIC
Code
2076



2077



2079



2082



2083



2084



2085



2086



2087



2091



2092



Industry
Vegetable Oil Mills, nee*



Animal & Marine Fats & Oils



Edible Fats & Oils, nee*



Malt Beverages



Malt



Wines, Brandy, & Brandy Spirits



Distilled & Blended Liquors



Bottled & Canned Soft Drinks



Flavoring Extracts & Syrups, nee*



Canned & Cured Fish & Seafoods



Fresh or Frozen Prepared Fish



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
26,132
13,280
17,239
NA
9,000
9,000
0
NA
449,006
419,044
226,853
NA
0
0
0
NA :
0
0
0
NA :
0
0
o :
NA
0
0
0
NA
2,255
14,305
0
NA
58,000
0
0
2,500
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
97,427
500 109,221
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
0
NA
84,791
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10,203
80
69
386
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
425
750
0
36,142
12,873
15,033
23,305
750



0
0
0
0
0
Total Transfers
Other Off -site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
250
250
250
0
0
0
0
0
1,075
8,315
7,430
6,500
2,859
78,829
62,062
15,989
15,000
20,000
38,500
28,688
0
0
0
51,326
0
0
0
0
116,759
125,480
86,948
196,798
115,981
115,155
53,093
45,570



0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
96,300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,000
250
0
0
0
0



0
0
0
0
0
26,382
13,530
19,989
NA
9,000
9,000
0
NA
450,081
427,359
234,283
NA
2,939
78,898
62,448
NA
15,000
20,000
38,500
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
119,439
140,535
91,948
NA
284,281
239,909
161,189
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code.  Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                        69
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           Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Table 2-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20, Continued
SIC
Code Industry
2095 Roasted Coffee



2096 Potato Chips & Similar Snacks



2097 Manufactured Ice



2093 Macaroni & Spaghetti



2099 Food Preparations, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 20



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 20



Total for SIC Code 20



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
0
NA
30,100
46,689
190,044
NA
109,953
95,531
147,533
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,500,904
878,895
1,174,803
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
64,843
26,156
23,898
NA
0
0
0
NA
212,474
174,671
144,835
NA
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0



0
0
0
0
0
9,714
71,627
344,100
183
34,733
71,697
82,048
13,500
280,600
132,700
127,600
0
431,005
441,457
679,937
237,511
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
109
0
250
88,638
76,282
143,540
190,844
189,500



0
0
0
0
0
303,869
947,296
1,282,022
373,896
1,211,172
887,289
723,808
1,710,116
32,845
18,598
110,810
567,335
10,401,096
11,745,510
12,495,923
14,027,014
0
0
0
1,600
0
0
0
0



500
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
22,780
0
0
0
3
750
250
5,004
122,933
109
0
250
NA
76,282
143,548
190,844
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
343,683
1,065,862
1,816,166
NA
1,420,701
1,080,673
977,287
NA
313,445
151,298
238,410
NA
12,546,229
13,240,783
14,500,502
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 20 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 The largest increases were in dry, condensed,
 evaporated products (SIC code 2023, a dairy
 products industry), with a 334,000 pound increase;
 dog and cat food production (SIC code 2047), with
 a 277,000 pound increase; and miscellaneous edible
 fats and oils (SIC code 2079), with a 216,000
 pound increase. For the dry dairy products, the
 increase occurred primarily in reporting of transfers
to POTWs, while transfers to recycling accounted
for the change in the other two industries.

Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
in Releases. 1988-1996

Grain Processing Corporation in Muscatine, Iowa
(SIC codes  2046, 2948, 2085 and 2099), ranked
first for increases in releases with a 717,000 pound
 70
-------
                                    Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Process/ft
overall change due to a production increase. This
facility, a wet corn miller, has several product lines
including food grade and regular grade starches,
corn sweeteners, beverage alcohol, and animal
feeds. A desiccant product, used in commercial
goods such as baby diapers and batteries, requires
the use of methanol as a processing aid. The
desiccant is manufactured in a water solution, and
methanol is used to remove water from the product.
Point-source air emissions of methanol accounted
for most of the facility's increase.

Kalsec, Inc., in Kalamazoo, Michigan (SIC code
2096 in 1988 and 2087 in 1996), ranked second in
increases with an overall 167,000 pound increase.
The facility, a producer of natural flavors and
natural colors, uses methanol in extraction
processes. Most of the change was reported as
fugitive air emissions of methanol. A production
increase was cited as the reason for the change.

The third-ranked facility for increases was U.S.
Sugar in Canal Point, Florida (SIC code 2061). This
sugar cane farm uses manganese compounds as a
nutrient in its fertilizer formulations. No data were
reported for manganese compounds in 1988, and
the 1996 total was 100,000 pounds, all in the
category of releases to land. The manganese
content of the fertilizer varies from application to
application and is formulated on the basis of the
perceived need. The manganese content of the
fertilizer is low enough to miss the TRI reporting
threshold in some years. This is the reason that no
data were reported for the chemical in 1988.

Crossroads Farms Dairy in Indianapolis, Indiana
(SIC codes 2024 and 2026), was first in decreases
with a 441,000 pound increase. Surface water
discharges of phosphoric acid accounted for 87% of
the reported reduction. Phosphoric acid is used at
the dairy to clean stainless steel tanks and to lower
the pH of city water used in cottage cheese
production. No data for phdsphoric acid were
reported in 1996. The decrease in the phosphoric
acid content of wastewater is due to improved
estimation methods, according to the facility.

Hops Extract Corporation of America in Yakima,
Washington (SIC 2099 in 1988, did not report in
1996), ranked second in decreases.
Dichloromethane, with 261,000 pounds of
emissions to air, was the only chemical reported by
this facility in 1988. This chemical accounts for
100% of the decrease since no report was filed in
1996. Dichloromethane was used as an extracting
agent to remove specific organic substances from
hops prior to brewing for beer. Removal of certain
acids, oils, and waxes from hops improves the
flavor of beer. The facility converted to a carbon
dioxide extraction process.

Red Star Yeast in Baltimore, Maryland (SIC code
2099), was third for decreases with an overall
reduction of 256,000 pounds. Acetaldehyde is a
byproduct of a yeast fermentation process and the
chemical primarily responsible for the decrease.
The facility made changes in several processes that
reduced point-source air emissions of the chemical
by 92%. Some process changes were mandated by
the Clean Air Act, according to Red Star Yeast, and
some were made voluntarily.

1991-1996 Waste Management Data
for Food  and Beverage Processing

Table 2-17 summarizes on- and off-site waste
management data for the food and beverage
processing sector for 1991, when TRI began
collecting  this information, and the three most
recent years  (1994-1996). Total production-related
waste increased 11.2% from 63.1 million pounds in
1991 to 70.2 million pounds in 1996. All types of
waste management increased, except quantities
released on- and off-site.

The largest reported increase (in pounds) occurred
in on-site recycling, which more than tripled
(239.7% increase) from 2.9 million pounds in  1991
to 10.0 million pounds in 1996. In 1991, on-site
                                                                                              71
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            Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Table 2-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996: Food and Beverage Processing, SIC Code 20
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
1991
Pounds
2,935,394
192,593
39,154,542
42,282,529
1,241,954
126,004
8,333,160
9,701,118
11,082,621
63,066,268
48,307
Change
1994-1995
Percent
-23.7
-27.5
7.5
0.3
-17.7
68.0
-1.0
-1.8
-15.5
-1.3
-48.1
1994
Pounds
12,020,355
205,930
41,208,559
53,434,844
1,198,175
145,449
11,421,366
12,764,990
5,918,832
72,118,666
77,532
Change
1995-1996
Percent
8.7
141.0
-3.8
-1.3
56.9
21.3
-11.9
-5.9
8.1
-1.4
59.0
1995
Pounds
9,176,780
149,252
44,285,763
53,611,795
986,249
244,351
11,310,388
12,540,988
5,003,711
71,156,494
40,229
Change
1991-1996
Percent
239.7
86.7
8.8
25.2
24.6
135.3
19.5
21.7
-51.2
11.2
32.4
1996
Pounds
9,971,687
359,642
42,606,959
52,938,288
1,547,348
296,473
9,960,419
11,804,240
5,408,629
70,151,157
63,946








Note: Docs not include delistcd chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Currcm Year, Column B) of year indicated.
 72
-------
                                         Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
         300
         250-
         200 -
         150-
         100 -
         50 -
          0 -
         -50-
        -100
            Recycled   Energy   Treated
             On-site  Recovery    On-site
                     On-site

             On-site Waste Management
Recycled   Energy   Treated           Quantity
 Off-site  Recovery   Off-site       Released On-
         Off-site                and Off-site

  Off-site Waste Management
    Total
Production-
   related
   Waste
         Figure 2-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
                             Food and Beverage Processing (SIC Code 20)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfiiric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
  recycling represented 4.7% of total production-
  related waste in this sector; by 1996, it was 14.2%
  of total production-related waste.

  On-site treatment, the largest waste management
  option in this sector, rose 8.8% from 39.2 million
  pounds in 1991 to 42.6 million pounds in 1996.

  Food and beverage processing industries reported a
  reduction of more than half (51.2%) in on- and off-
  site releases, from 11.1 million pounds to 5.4
  million pounds in this period. This decrease,
  combined with increases in other categories, served
  to reduce the role of releases in this sector's
  reported waste management from 17.6% of total
  production-related waste in 1991 to 7.7% in 1996.

  Figure 2-13 illustrates the percentage change in the
  waste management types reported in this sector for
  1991-1996.
            The fact that releases decreased while total
            production-related waste increased indicates
            improvement in how the food and beverage
            processing industries manage their TRI chemicals
            in waste, although it does not point to success in
            reducing such waste by preventing it. In terms of
            the  waste management hierarchy (explained in
            Chapter 1), releases are the least desirable option
            for managing toxic waste.

            The sector's reporting of total production-related
            waste decreased, while production steadily
            increased. TRI facilities report absolute amounts of
            waste managed and environmental releases, not
            amounts adjusted for changes in production levels.
            Individual facilities with large increases in
            production-related waste and in releases attribute
            those changes  to increasing production. At the same
            time, several facilities with large decreases cite
            process changes that reduced or eliminated the use
                                                                                                     73
-------
         Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
of chemicals they had previously reported in large
amounts. (See "Facilities with Large Increases and
Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996" and the section
below.)

Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
In Waste Management,  1991-1996

R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company in Merry Hill,
North Carolina (SIC code 2087), ranked first for
increases. On-site recycling of methanol, used in
several processes at the facility, was primarily
responsible for the overall 2.44 million-pound
increase. The main use of the chemical at the Merry
Hill plant is in the extraction of sclareol, an organic
wax found in the clary sage plant. Sclareol is
extracted from the sage plant itself as well as from
a clary sage "concrete." The concrete is a byproduct
of clary sage oil  extraction and is purchased from
manufacturers outside of the United States. On-site
recycling of methanol has  grown due to several
reasons: a production increase of sclareol extracted
from the sage plant, the initiation of the process
where sclareol is extracted from the concrete, and
the addition of new products whose manufacture
involve the use of methanol.

Penford Products Company in Cedar Rapids, Iowa
(SIC code 2046), ranked second with a 2.4 million-
pound increase. The facility, a wet corn miller, is
one of the nation's largest manufacturers of
hydroxy-ethylated starches (used in paper
coatings). A byproduct of hydroxy-ethylated starch
production is ethylene glycol, which accounted for
95% of the overall increase. Wastewater containing
the ethylene glycol is sent  to a publicly owned
treatment works  (POTW). Penford stated that most
of the ethylene glycol is destroyed as it is pumped
to the POTW due to the anaerobic environment in
the trunk line. The facility attributes the increase in
waste managed to increasing production.

Grain Processing Corporation in Muscatine, Iowa
(SIC codes 2046, 2948,2085 and 2099), was third
for increases with a 2.3 million-pound change. The
facility was also ranked as the number-one
increaser in releases due to increases in methanol
reporting. The facility attributes an increase in on-
site recycling of methanol to a production increase
as well as improved efficiency in recovering and
reusing the chemical. (See "Facilities with Large
Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996"
for more information.)

First in decreases was U.S. Sugar in Clewiston,
Florida (SIC code 2061), with a 2.9 million-pound
reduction. Phosphoric acid, responsible for all of
the facility's decrease, was used as a clarification
agent in raw sugar production. Wastewater from the
process was treated on-site. The facility stopped
using the chemical in this process prior to the 1996
reporting year.

Red Star Yeast in Baltimore, Maryland (SIC code
2099), was second in decreases. The facility, also
ranked as a top decreaser in releases, reported a 2.8
million-pound reduction in waste managed.
Phosphoric acid accounted for nearly all of the
decrease and is used to supply phosphorus to yeast
as a nutrient. The facility attributes the change to an
improved method of estimating phosphoric acid
content of wastewater treated on-site.

The number three facility for decreases was IBP,
Inc., in Waterloo, Iowa (SIC codes 2011,2013  and
2077), with a 1.9 million pound overall decrease.
The meat packing and processing facility has two
primary uses of phosphoric acid: for production area
and equipment cleaning and as an aid in separating
water from rendered lard and grease. A decrease in
reported on-site treatment of phosphoric acid
accounted for all of the decrease. This was due to the
installation of equipment that mechanically separates
water from rendered lard and grease, reducing the
need for the chemical separation process.
74
-------
                                     Chapter 2 — TRI Data for Food and Beverage Processing
Facilities Contacted for Explanations
(alphabetical by facility):

   Crossroad Farms Dairy, Indianapolis, Indiana:
   John Wurgler, July 28, 1998 (explanation
   provided)
   Grain Processing Corporation, Muscatine,
   Iowa: Daniel A. Huss, July 23, 1998
   (explanation provided)
   Hops Extract Corporation of America, Yakinia,
   Washington: Tai Y. Yum, July 23, 1998
   (explanation provided)
   IBP, Inc., Waterloo, Iowa: Dove Mullins, July
   23 and August 3, 1998 and Kim Dirks, August
   4, 1998 (explanation provided)
   Kalsec, Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan: Stephen
   Kuhnert, July 23 and 28, 1998 (explanation
   provided)
Penford Products Company, Cedar Rapids,
Iowa: Otto J. Rajtora, July 23, 1998
(explanation provided)
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Merry Hill,
North Carolina: Richard S. Krell, July 23 and
July 31, 1998 (explanation provided)
Red Star Yeast, Baltimore, Maryland: Alan
Bahl, July 23, 1998 (explanation provided)
U.S. Sugar Corporation, Canal Point, Florida:
Jose M. Porro, July 23, 1998 (explanation
provided)
U.S. Sugar Corporation/Western Division,
Clewiston, Florida: Peter Briggs, July 28 and
July 29, 1998 (explanation provided)
                                                                                              75
-------
         Chapter 2 — TRl Data for Food and Beverage Processing
76
-------
                                  Chapter 3
              Toxics Release Inventory Data
                      for Tobacco Products
                              (SIC Code 21)
A Look at the Tobacco

Products Industry

(SIC  Code 21)

The tobacco products industry manufactures
cigarettes (from tobacco or other materials), cigars,
smoking and chewing tobacco, snuff, and
reconstituted tobacco. (Byproducts of tobacco
processing are used to manufacture insecticides;
this is classified in chemical manufacturing, SIC
code 28.) Box 3-1 lists Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) codes and their designations
for this sector. In TRI, SIC codes are given as
reported by the facilities; these may differ from
information in economic and other data collections.

Industry shipments of tobacco products were
valued at $34.48 billion in 1996 and $32.98 billion
in 1995 (in current dollars). This was just under 1%
of the nation's total value of manufacturing
shipments; among manufacturing sectors, only the
leather products sector (SIC code 31) had smaller
shipments in total dollars. Employment in the
tobacco products sector was 31,000 in both years,
less than any other manufacturing sector.
Production in the tobacco products sector declined
sharply through the early 1990s, but recovered by
1996 (see Chapter 1, Table 1-10). Although this
sector represents a small segment of U.S. industry,
it is concentrated in few states, where its economic
(and environmental) activity may assume greater
importance.

The largest shipments and employment in the
sector related to cigarette production (SIC code
2111), which had $28.99 billion in shipments and
nearly 21,000 employees in 1996. The stemming
and redrying industry (SIC code 2141) contributed
$3.23 billion in shipments and employed nearly
6,000.

In addition to physical processes (stripping,
stemming, shredding), much of the processing of
tobacco involves moistening and drying the leaves.
Tobacco is cured in natural, artificial, or wood-fire
heat, and cured leaves are moistened and stripped
before sale. Manufacturers redry the tobacco and
add uniform moisture before fermentation. The
tobacco is then aged in hogshead barrels for up to
three years. Aged tobacco is again moistened,
stalks and other wastes are removed, and various
tobaccos are blended. Reconstituted tobacco
                                                                                  77
-------
          Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
 Box 3-1. SIC Code 21, Tobacco Products: Codes and Classifications
  SIC Code
                                                Industry Description
  211   Cigarettes

       2111  Cigarettes

  212   Cigars

       2121  Cigars

  213   Chewing and Smoking Tobacco and Snuff

       2131  Chewing and Smoking Tobacco and Snuff
  214   Tobacco Stemming and Redrying

       2141  Tobacco Stemming and Redrying
Manufacture of cigarettes from tobacco or other materials.
Manufacture of cigars.
Manufacture of chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff.
Stemming and redrying of tobacco. Manufacture of reconstituted tobacco.
 (ground-up tobacco with binding agents) may also
 be blended with tobacco leaves. Specific processes
 include vacuum or hot air conditioning, threshing,
 and the cutting, drying, and expanding of lamina
 (thin sheets of tobacco). Additives may be sprayed
 into the dryers or introduced at other stages. In the
 production of cigarettes, cakes of blended tobacco
 are shredded, and the tobacco blend is scattered
 over continuous tobacco paper. The cigarettes are
 then rolled, cut, fitted with filters, and packaged.

 The processes of heating and cooling and the use of
 agents, conditioners, and other additives may result
 in chemical releases. Cigarette papers are also
 coated and treated. Some facilities perform only
 certain processing services, such as fermentation
 and stemming or threshing. Facilities that specialize
 in stemming and redrying (SIC code 2141)
 accounted for some of the largest amounts reported
 to TRI in this sector in 1996.
      Because the industry is small, changes in TRI
      reporting by a few facilities have a large effect on
      the sector's data.

      1996  TRI Data for

      Tobacco Products

      Table 3-1  summarizes TRI reporting by the tobacco
      products sector for 1996. Sixty-one forms were
      submitted in this sector, 70.5% of them (43 forms)
      were submitted by cigarette manufacturers (SIC
      code 2111). This was the only sector that did not
      submit any Form A certification statements, which
      certify that a facility's total annual reportable
      amount of a TRI chemical was less than 500
      pounds for the year and that the facility did not
      manufacture, process, or otherwise use more than 1
      million pounds.  (The Form A certification
      statement is explained in Chapter 1.)
                                                Sources

    Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987:
       Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and industry descriptions.
    U.S. Industry & Trade Outlook '98, DRI/McGraw Hill, Standard & Poor's, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
       International Trade Administration, 1998: economic analyses, also provides some information on environment and
       industrial processes for selected industries.
    U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufactures:  Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries, M96(AS)-1,
       February 1998 : value of shipments and employment.
       Supplemental data from U.S. Census Bureau  for some industries.
    Various tobacco industry equipment manufacturers: industry processes and technologies.
78
-------
On- and off-site releases totaled 4.2 million pounds
in this sector in  1996, including 3.7 million pounds
released on-site. The largest total on- and off-site
releases were reported in the tobacco stemming and
redrying industry (SIC code 2141). This was 2.4
million pounds, or 57.8% of the sector's total. The
second-largest source of total releases was cigarette
manufacture (SIC code 2111), with 1.6 million
pounds or 37.7% of the total. Smaller amounts were
reported in cigar manufacture (SIC code 2121) and
in the production of chewing and smoking tobacco
(SIC code 2131).

Other on-site waste management in this sector was
1.3 million pounds. Only the tobacco stemming and
redrying industry (SIC code 2141), with 741,000
pounds, and the cigarette industry (SIC code 2111),
with 598,000 pounds, reported other on-site waste
management.

Cigarette production accounted for the largest
reporting of transfers off-site for further waste
management, 406,000 pounds out of the sector's
total of 489,000 pounds.

Box 3-2. Data Not Appearing in This Chapter
                                                    Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
For production-related waste, which totaled 5.9
million pounds in this sector, tobacco stemming
and redrying accounted for 3.2 million pounds
(53.7% of the total) and cigarette production for 2.5
million pounds (42.4%).

None of the TRI forms received in this sector
reported more than one SIC code within SIC code
21, as explained in Box 3-2.

On- and Off-site Releases

As shown in Table 3-3, this sector's on- and off-site
releases consisted primarily of air emissions, which
were 3.5 million pounds in 1996. Tobacco
stemming and redrying (SIC code 2141) accounted
for 2.1 million pounds and cigarette production
(SIC code 2111) for 1.2 million pounds. One
facility in the stemming and redrying industry (SIC
code 2141) reported 1,7 million pounds of air
emissions of ammonia.

Surface water discharges of  180,000 pounds in this
sector were almost exclusively reported in the
   Facilities that engage in more than one kind of manufacturing activity may report more than one SIC code on their TRI
   forms to describe their activities. Most industrial sectors discussed in the 1996 TRI Public Data Release include such
   "multiple-code" reporting. No forms were received, however, with multiple SIC codes within SIC code 21 in 1996.
   (Multiple code reporting is further explained in Box 1-5 in Chapter 1.)

   There were also no forms in SIC code 21 for chemicals designated as OSHA carcinogens. (OSHA carcinogens and the
   bases for their designation appear in Box 1-9 in Chapter 1.)

   This chapter, therefore, does not contain the following tables and figures:

      Table 3-2.   Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21
      Table 3-8.   TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code 1996: Tobacco
                 Products, SIC Code 21
      Figure 3-7.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with Largest Totals:
                 Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21

   Industry-specific chapters in both volumes of the 7996 TRI Public Data Release present comparable data tables,
   numbered consistently from chapter to chapter. The remaining tables and figures in this chapter conform to that
   numbering system.
                                                                                                    79
-------
            Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
Table 3-1. Summary of TRI Information by4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21
Total
Total





On- and Production-
Off-sHc
Releases
Rank
2
3
4
1

related
Waste
Rank
2
3
4
1

SIC
Code

2111
2121
2131
2141


Industry

Cigarettes
Cigars
Chewing & Smoking Tobacco
Tobacco Stemming & Redrying
Total for SIC Code 21
Total
Facilities
Number
21
1
3
4
29
Total
Forms
Number
43
2
4
12
61

Form As
Number
0
0
0
0
0

Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
1,203,696
171,300
1,651
2,317,792
3,694,439

Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
362,519
0
13,316
82,298
458,133
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
1,566,215
171,300
14,967
2,400,090
4,152,572
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R, Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).

Table 3-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21 (in Rank Order)
On-site Land Releases

SIC
Code

2141
2111
2121
2131



Industry

Tobacco Stemming & Redrying
Cigarettes
djare
Chewing & Smoking Tobacco
Total for SIC Code 21

Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
2,138,092
1,203,695
171,300
1,651
3,514,738
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
179,700
1
0
0
179.70Z
Underground Injection
Class I
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
Class II-V
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
RCRA
Subtitle C
Landfills
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
Other
On-site Land
Releases
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
2,317,792
1,203,696
171,300
1,651
3,694,439
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
82,298
362,519
0
13,316
458,133

Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
2,400,090
1,566,215
171,300
14,967
4,152,572
Note: On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.
   Transfers Off-site
     to Disposal
       11.0%
     Surface
     Water
      4.3%
                     Underground Injection = 0%
                     On-site Land Releases = 0%
     Figure 3-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site
            Releases, 1996:  Tobacco Products
                      (SIC Code 21)
tobacco stemming and redrying industry, and the
chemical with the largest discharges was nitrate
compounds (168,000 pounds all reported by one
facility). The sector reported no underground
injection or on-site land releases.

Off-site releases (transfers to disposal) were
458,000 pounds in SIC code 21. The cigarette
industry (SIC code 2111) reported 363,000 pounds
in such transfers. The chemical with the largest
such transfers was nicotine and its salts (432,000
pounds).

Figure 3-1 illustrates the distribution of on- and off-
site releases in this sector by the type of release.
Figure 3-2 shows the industrial distribution of these
releases.
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from
Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R
 80
-------
                                                                Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
Table 3-1. Summary of TRI Information by4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21, Continued
SIC
Code
2111
2121
2131
2141

Industry
Cigarettes
Cigars
Chewing & Smoking Tobacco
Tobacco Stemming & Redrying
Total for SIC Code 21
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
598,117
0
0
740,700
1,338,817
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
406,499
9,920
27,910
44,624
488,953
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
2,511,416
185,000
42,933
3,182,404
5,921,753
Non-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R.  On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
         3,000,000
         2,500,000 -
         2,000,000 -
      | 1,500,000
      Q_
         1,000,000-
           500,000 -
H Transfers Off-site to Disposal
• Other On-site Land Releases
E3 RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
DUIJ, Class II-V Wells
Q UIJ, Class I Wells
H Surface Water
EAir
                              2141
                                                       2111
                                                                                2121
                                                                                                         2131
                       Figure 3-2.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, by SIC Code, 1996:
                                           Tobacco Products (SIC Code 21)
  Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal). UIJ = underground injection.
                                                                                                                           81
-------
          Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
Table 3-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21 (in Rank Order)

SIC
Code

2141
2111
2121
2131



Industry

Tobacco Stemming & Rediying
Cigarettes
Cigars
Chewing & Smoking Tobacco
Total for SIC Code 21

Recycled
On-site
Pounds
0
9,753
0
0
9,753
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0

Treated
On-site
Pounds
740,700
588,364
0
0
1,329,064
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
740,700
598,117
0
0
1,338,817
Note: Other On-sltc Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R.
              Recycled On-site
                  0.7%
                               Treated On-site
                                  99.3%
                               Energy Recovery
                               On-site = 0%
    Figure 3-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste
         Management, 1996: Tobacco Products
                  (SIC Code 21)
Note: Dsta from Section 8 of Form R.

 Other On-site Waste Management

 Table 3-4 and Figure 3-3 show the tobacco
 products sector's reporting of other on-site waste
 management, which totaled 1.3 million pounds in
 1996. Tobacco stemming and redrying (SIC code
 2141) reported 741,000 pounds of this total, and
 cigarette producers (SIC code 2111) reported
 598,000. All of this was in on-site treatment, except
 for 10,000 pounds of on-site recycling reported in
 cigarette manufacturing. One facility in SIC code
 2141  reported 561,000 pounds of on-site treatment
 of nitrate compounds. The chemical with the next-
 largest on-site treatment was nicotine and its salts
 (570,000 pounds); three facilities in SIC code 2111
 reported more than 100,000 pounds each of on-site
 treatment of this chemical.

 Figure 3-4 illustrates the distribution of on-site
 waste management reporting for industries by the
 four-digit SIC codes.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 The tobacco products sector reported 489,000
 pounds in transfers off-site for further waste
 management in 1996, as shown in Table 3-5.
 POTWs received the largest portion (267,000
 pounds) of these transfers, and the cigarette
 manufacturing industry (SIC code 2111) reported
 the largest amount (241,000 pounds) of these
 transfers to POTWs. The second-largest transfer
 type was recycling. The 165,000 pounds sent to
 recycling was reported entirely by the cigarette
 industry (SIC code 2111).

 For both types of transfers, the chemical with the
 largest amounts reported was nicotine and its salts.
 The cigarette industry reported sending a total of
 218,000 pounds of this chemical to POTWs and
 159,000 pounds to off-site recycling.

Figure 3-5 shows the distribution of types of off-
site transfers for further waste management, and
Figure 3-6 illustrates the distribution by industry in
this sector.
82
-------
                                                              Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
800,000 -I
700,000 -
600,000 -
500,000 -
*
i 400,000-
o
Q_
300,000 -
200,000 -
100,000 -
0 -




















2141





2111





2121


QTreated
• Energy Recovery
H Recycled





2131














Figure 3-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, by SIC Code, 1996:
Tobacco Products (SIC Code 21)
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R.

Table 3-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:  Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21 (in Rank Order)


SIC
Code
2111
2141
2131
2121



Industry
Cigarettes
Tobacco Stemming & Redrying
Chewing & Smoking Tobacco
Cigars
Total for SIC Code 21


Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
165,113
0
0
0
165,113

Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
0
0
0
, 0
0


Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
50
21,500
27,341
7,600
56,491


Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
241,336
23,124
569
2,320
267,349

Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
Total Off-site
Transfers
for Further
Waste
Management
Pounds
406,499
44,624
27,910
9,920
488,953
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code.
                                                                                                                       83
-------
          Chapters — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
  To POTWs
   54.7%
To Recycling
  33.8%
                                 To Treatment
                                    11.6%
                              Energy Recovery = 0%

   Figure 3-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for
       Further Waste Management, 1996: Tobacco
               Products (SIC Code 21)
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6
(excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
1996 TRI  Data  by State for

Tobacco  Products

The tobacco products sector submitted TRI forms
in eight states in 1996. This was the lowest number
of states in any industrial sector. Tobacco
processors have generally located in tobacco
growing states. Table 3-6 presents summary release
and waste management data for the eight states in
which tobacco processing was reported in  1996.

Of the 61 forms submitted in this sector, 38 were in
North Carolina and 13 in Virginia. These two states
also reported the largest amounts in most of the
                450,000
                400.000
                350,000-
                300,000
                250,000 -
              E

              I
                200.000-
                150,000 -
                100,000
                 50,000-
                                    Other Off-site Transfers
                                   n To POTWs
                                   D To Treatment
                                   ED To Energy Recovery
                                   H To Recycling	
                            2111
                                            2141
                                                            2131
                                                                           2121
        Figure 3-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, by SIC Code, 1996:
                                 Tobacco Products (SIC Code 21)
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.
84
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                                                   Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
Table 3-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21

Total
State Facilities
Number
Georgia
Illinois
Kentucky
North Carolina
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Tennessee
Virginia
Total for SIC Code 21
1
1
2
IS
1
1
1
4
29
Total

Forms Form As
Number Number
3
1
2
38
2
1
1
13
61
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
98,100
78
8,525
1,086,755
171,300
1,366
123
2,328,192
3,694,439
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
158,440
12,592
14,388
252,700
0
17,243
270
2,500
458,133
Total Total Transfers Total Non-
On-and Total Other Off-site for Production- Production-
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste related related
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
256,540
12,670
22,913
1,339,455
171,300
18,609
393
2,330,692
4,152,572
208,700
0
8,900
153,453
0
959
0
966,805
1,338,817
640
168
21,824
341,753
9,920
0
27,198
87,450
488,953
Waste
Pounds
469,340
12,838
53,637
1,777,772
185,000
10,628
27,591
3,384,947
5,921,753
Waste
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
 summary categories in Table 3-6. Virginia had the
 largest total on- and off-site releases, 2.3 million
 pounds, or 56.1% of the releases in this sector.
 North Carolina was second with 1.3 million
 pounds, or 32.3% of the total. Total production-
 related waste was also led by these two states, with
 Virginia reporting 3.4 million pounds, or 57.2% of
 the total, and North Carolina reporting 1.8 million
 pounds, or 30.0% of the total. Georgia was third in
 both categories with 257,000 pounds in on- and off-
 site releases and 469,000 pounds in production-
 related waste.

 Almost all of Virginia's releases were reported as
 on-site releases, but North Carolina-reported off-
 site releases (transfers to disposal) of 253,000
 pounds, the largest amount among the eight states.
 In other on-site waste management, Virginia
 reported 967,000 pounds, nearly three-quarters
 (72.2%) of the total in that category. North Carolina
 had the largest transfers off-site for further waste
 management, with 342,000 pounds, or 69.9% of all
 such transfers.

 Map 3-1 illustrates the geographic distribution of
 total on- and off-site releases in the tobacco
 products sector.
1996 TRI Data by

Chemical for Tobacco

Products

The tobacco products sector reported on- and off-
site releases of 11 chemicals in 1996; these appear
in Table 3-7. Ammonia had the largest releases, 2.0
million pounds, mostly in air emissions. The
\ chemical with the second-largest releases was
hydrochloric acid; these were all air emissions
(898,000 pounds), as would be expected, since only
aerosol forms of hydrochloric acid are reportable.
About equal amounts of nicotine and its salts were
released on-site to air (432,000 pounds) and
transferred off-site to disposal (off-site releases,
423,000 pounds).

None of the chemicals reported in this sector are
designated as OSHA carcinogens, as noted in Box
3-2. (OSHA carcinogens and the bases for their
designation appear in Box 1-9 in Chapter 1.)
                                                                                                 85
-------
           Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
 I
  3
  
-------
                                                 Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
Table 3-7. Chemicals with On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21 (in Rank Order)
On-site Land Releases

CAS
Number

7664-41-7
7647-01-0
	
7664-93-9

7664-39-3
7782-50-5
107-21-1
7664-38-2
108-88-3
78-93-3



Chemical

Ammonia
Hydrochloric acid
Nicotine and salts
Sulfuric acid
Nitrate compounds
Hydrogen fluoride
Chlorine
Ethylene glycol
Phosphoric acid
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Total for SIC Code 21

Total Air
Emissions
• Pounds
1,948,185
898,083
431,545
174,410
0
61,590
300
300
300
24
1
3,514,738
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
500
0
1
0
168,300
0
10,700
200
0
0
0
179,701
Underground Injection
Class I
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Class H-V
, Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
: o
RCRA
Subtitle C
Landfills
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Other
On-site Land
Releases
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
1,948,685
898,083
431,546
174,410
168,300
61,590
11,000
500
300
24
1
3,694,439
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
34,653
0
423,480
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
458,133

Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
1,983,338
898,083
855,026
174,410
168,300
61,590
11,000
500
300
24
1
4,152,572
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.

Table 3-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21 (in Rank
Order)


SIC
Code

2141
2111
2121
2131




Industry

Tobacco Stemming & Redrying
Cigarettes
Cigars
Chewing & Smoking Tobacco
Total for SIC Code 21


Recycled
On-site
Pounds
0
9,753
0
0
9,753

Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0


Treated
On-site
Pounds
740,700
588,364
0
0
1,329,064


Recycled
Off-site
1 Pounds
0
165,113
0
0
' 165,113

Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0


Treated
Off-site
Pounds
45,424
241,386
10,000
27,910
324,720
Quantity
Released
On- and
Off-site
Pounds
2,396,280
1,506,800
175,000
15,023
4,093,103
Total
Non-
Production- Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
3,182,404
2,511,416
185,000
42,933
5,921,753
related
Waste
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.

 1996 TRI Chemicals in

 Waste for Tobacco

 Products

 As shown in Table 3-9, releases were the largest
 constituent of production-related waste in the
 tobacco products sector. Total production-related
 waste in 1996 was 5.9 million pounds for SIC code
 21. Of that, 4.1 million pounds was reported in
 quantities released on- and off-site. Tobacco
 stemming and redrying (SIC code 2141) and
 cigarette production (SIC code 2111) together
 accounted for 96.2% of production-related waste,
 and 95.4% of the quantities released.
Another 1.3 million pounds was reported in on-site
treatment, followed by 325,000 pounds in off-site
treatment. Recycling off-site was 165,000 pounds,
while on-site recycling was 10,000 pounds. There
were no tobacco product manufacturing reports
submitted for energy recovery, either on- or off-
site.

Figure 3-8 illustrates the percentages of on- and
off-site waste management and quantities released,
as reported in the tobacco products sector.
Distribution of production-related waste by
industry appears in Figure 3-9.
                                                                                             87
-------
          Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
  Quantity
  Released
   69.1%
                                    On-site Waste
                                    Management
                                      22.6%
Off-site Waste
Management
   8.3%
       Rgure 3-8. Distribution of TRI Production-
         related Waste, 1996: Tobacco Products
                   (SIC Code 21)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
Projected Quantities of TRI
Chemicals in Waste

Table 3-10 and Figure 3-10 present waste
management projections for the tobacco products
sector through 1998. Overall, facilities reporting in
this sector expect to make little change in the
overall distribution of the types of waste
management practiced. (As explained in Chapter 1,
facilities not'only report current data but project
waste management quantities for the next two years
in their TRI submissions.)

All waste management options were expected to
increase. Quantities released on- and off-site were
projected to rise from 4.1 million pounds in 1996 to
        100%
         80%
         60%
         40%
         20%
                                 H Quantity Released
                                 • Treated Off-site
                                 H Energy Recovery Off-site
                                 D Recycled Off-site
                                 0 Treated On-site
                                 H Energy Recovery On-site
                                 H Recycled On-site
                  2141
                                2111
                                               2121
                                                             2131
              Figure 3-9. Distribution of Production-related Waste, by SIC Code, 1996:
                                  Tobacco Products (SIC Code 21)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
-------
                                                   Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
Table 3-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 21
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 21
Current Year 1996
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
9,753 0.2
0 0.0
1,329,064 22.4
165,113 2.8
0 0.0
324,720 5.5
4,093,103 69.1
5,921,753 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1997
Percent
1.5
1.6
-0.8
10.5
2.0
2.3
Projected 1997
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
9,900 0.2
0 0.0
1,349,764 22.3
163,800 2.7
0 0.0
358,674 5.9
4,176,611 68.9
6,058,749 100.0
Projected Change
1997-1998
Percent
0.0
3.5
9.8
5.3
1.6
2.5
Projected 1998
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
9,900 0.2
0 0.0
1,397,019 22.5
179,800 2.9
0 0.0
377,604 6.1
4,244,451 68.4
6,208,774 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1998
Percent
1.5
5.1
8.9
16.3
3.7
4.8
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
 4.2 million pounds in 1998, releases would
 decrease slightly, from 69.1% to 68.4%, as a
 percentage of total production-related waste. This is
 still a much larger percentage of total production-
 related waste than in most industrial sectors.

 These data suggest no progress toward
 environmentally preferable options for managing
 TRI chemicals in waste, as established in the waste
 management hierarchy, explained in Chapter 1.
Source Reduction Activity
Of the 61 forms submitted in the tobacco products
sector in 1996, two indicated that source reduction
activity had taken place during the year, as shown
in Table 3-11. Both forms were in the cigarette
industry (SIC code 2111), and both identified the
activity as process modifications. This level of
.source reduction activity—3.3% of all forms—is
considerably lower than in many other industrial
sectors.
                                                                                                  89
-------
           Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
                                                                                        m 1996-1997

                                                                                        • 1996-1998
                     On-site Waste
                      Management
Off-site Waste
 Management
 Quantity Released
On-site and Off-site
Total Production-
  related Waste
              Figure 3-10.  Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in
                           Waste, 1996-1998:  Tobacco Products (SIC Code 21)
Nolc: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.

Table 3-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21
Forms Reporting
Cateeorv of Source Reduction Activitv
Source Reduction
Activities
SIC
Code Industry

2111 Cigarette*
2121 Cigars
2131 Chewing & Smoking Tobacco
2141 Tobacco Stemming & Redrying
Total for SIC Code 21
Total
Forms
Number
43
2
4
12
61


Number
2
0
0
0
2
Percent of
AH Forms
Percent
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
Good
Operating
Practices
Number
0
0
0
0
0

Inventory
Control
Number
0
0
0
0
0
Spill
and Leak
Prevention
Number
0.
0
0
0
0
Raw
Material
Modifi-
cations
Number
0
0
0
0
0

Process
Modifi-
cations
Number
2
0
0
0
2

Surface
Cleaning Preparation
and
Degreasing
Number
0
0
0
0
0
and
Finishing
Number
0
0
0
0
0

Product
Modifi-
cations
Number
0
0
0
0
0
 90
-------
Year-to-Year

Comparisons for

Tobacco Products

1995-1996 TRI Data for Tobacco
Products

Tobacco products manufacturers submitted 10
more forms in 1996 than in 1995, as shown in
Table 3-12.

On- and Off-site Releases

Table 3-12 also presents on- and off-site releases
for this sector for 1995 and 1996. Air emissions,
which constituted the great majority of the
sector's releases, doubled in this period, from 1.7
million pounds in 1995 to 3.5 million pounds in
1996. In both years, the bulk of the reported
releases to air came from point sources.

Surface water discharges also increased
substantially from 1995 to 1996, although the
amounts involved were smaller. Releases to
surface water were 10,000 pounds in 1995 and
180,000 pounds  in 1996. Off-site releases
(transfers to disposal) increased by more than
half, from 289,000 pounds to 458,000 pounds.

Figure 3-11 illustrates the percentage change in
on- and off-site releases in this sector for 1995-
1996.

Other On-site Waste Management

On-site treatment in the tobacco products sector
increased nearly three-fold from 1995 to 1996,
from 347,000 pounds to 1.3 million pounds. As
shown in Table 3-12, this waste management type
accounts for almost all the on-site waste
management reported in this sector.
                                               Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

Table 3-12 also presents the sector's transfers off-
site for further waste management for 1995 and
1996. Generally, changes in these off-site transfers
represented smaller amounts and smaller
percentages than the categories of data summarized
above. Transfers off-site for further waste
management decreased 0.9% overall, from 493,000
to 489,000.

Changes in SIC Codes

As indicated in facility descriptions below, some
facilities report different SIC codes over time. This
may reflect new or discontinued lines of
production, or it may represent a different
understanding of how SIC code designations
relate to a facility's business activities. These
changes can contribute—sometimes largely—to
apparent increases or decreases across
comparison years in the amounts reported by the
four-digit, or even two-digit, SIC codes.

1988-1996 TRI Data for Tobacco
Products

As explained in Chapter 1, comparisons from the
1988 TRI baseline year to the current year rely on
the list of "core" TRI chemicals that were
reportable, with the same reporting definition, in
all years. These multi-year comparisons also
review only the data elements that were collected
in all years, which excludes from this section any
analysis that distinguishes RCRA subtitle C
landfills from other land releases as well as
analysis based on the types of underground
injection wells. On-site waste management data
and transfers off-site to recycling and to energy
recovery have been collected only since 1991;
these data are included, but cannot be compared
across the full 1988-1996 period.
                                                                                          91
-------
             Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
Table 3-12.  Comparison of TR! On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for
Further Waste Management, 1995-1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1995
Number
26
51
51
0
Pounds

1,734,393
60,060
1,674,333
10,105
0
135
1,744,633

289,496
2,034,129

0
0
347,339
347,339

99,383
1,000
28,575
364,507
0
493,465

1996
Number
29
61
61
0
Pounds

3,514,738
61,394
3,453,344
179,701
0
0
3,694,439

458,133
4,152,572

9,753
0
1,329,064
1,338,817

165,113
0
56,491
267,349
0
488,953
Change
1995 to 1996
Percent
11.5
19.6
19.6
—
Percent

102.6
2.2
106.3
1,678.3
-
-100.0
111.8

58.3
104.1

-
-
282.6
285.4

66.1
-100.0
97.7
-26.7
--
-0.9
Note: On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste
Management from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of
Form R. Breakdown of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code.
 92
-------
                                                   Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
         1,800
         1,600-
         1,400-
         -200
                    Air
                                   Surface
                                    Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
 Transfers
  Off-site
to Disposal
           Figure 3-11. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:
                                 Tobacco Products (SIC Code 21)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995.
From 1988 to 1996, reporting in the tobacco
products sector of on- and off-site releases of the
"core" chemicals decreased by about three-quarters
(78.5%), from 342,000 pounds to 73,000 pounds.
The largest component of this change was air
emissions, which were reduced by 81.1%, from
330,000 pounds to 63,000 pounds. About two-
thirds of this reduction occurred in point source
emissions and the remainder in fugitive emissions.
These data appear in Table 3-13 and are illustrated
in Figure 3-12.

On-site waste management and transfers off-site for
recycling or energy recovery were not collected in
1988. For the 1994-1996 period, on-site
treatment—the only type of other on-site waste
management with amounts reported for the "core"
chemicals—declined from 97,000 pounds to 34,000
pounds (or 65.0%), as shown in Table 3-13.
Transfers to treatment for these chemicals were
121,000 pounds in 1988, and transfers to POTWs
  were 81,000 pounds. In 1996, little or no transfers
  to treatment and POTWs were reported.

   1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in
   Tobacco Products

  Tables 3-14 through 3-16 summarize data for 1988
  and 1994-1996 for industries at the four-digit SIC
  code level within SIC code 21. The tables present,
  respectively, on- and off-site releases, other on-site
  waste management, and transfers off-site for  further
  waste management.

  SIC code 2131, chewing and smoking tobacco and
  snuff, does not appear in these tables because in
   1996 this industry reported only chemicals that are
  not among the "core" chemicals reportable in all
  years (1988-1996) and having the same reporting
  definitions. This industry filed three forms for
  nicotine and its salts, added to TRI in reporting year
  1995, and one for ammonia, for which the reporting
                                                                                                93
-------
              Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
 Table 3-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for
 Further Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21

Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Othef On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
1988
Number
18
38
38
NA
Pounds

330,227
84,157
246,070
10,950
0
750
341,927

0
341,927

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
120,996
81,110
0
NA
1994
Number
6
10
10
NA
Pounds

124,897
57,218
67,679
9,874
0
0
134,771

0
134,771

0
0
96,608
96,608
0
0
5
0
0
5
199S"
Number
7
13
13
0
Pounds

85,526
23,739
61,787
9,700
0
0
95,226

0
95,226

0
0
53,850
53,850
0
1,000
521
0
0
1,521
Change
1996 1988 to 1996
Number Percent
6
9
9
0
Pounds

62,515
925
61,590
10,900
0
0
73,415

0
73,415

0
0
33,800
33,800
0
0
400
0
0
400
-66.7
-76.3
-76.3
NA
Percent

-81.1
-98.9
-75.0
-0.5
-100.0
-78.5

~
-78.5

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
-99.7
-100.0
-
NA
Note: Docs not include delistcd chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-sltc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste Management
from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown
of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996. For 1994-1996, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code. For 1988, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code or codes not required to be reported in
1988. NA: not required to be reported in that year.
 94
-------
                                                   Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
         -120
                      Air
                                     Surface
                                     Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
 Disposal
                  Figure 3-12.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases,
                            1988-1996: Tobacco Products (SIC Code 21)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added hi 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996.
definition has changed. Facilities in other
manufacturing sectors submitted 28 forms in SIC
code 21 in 1988, but have reported in later years in
the SIC codes that describe their manufacturing
operations. This accounts for the "invalid SIC
code" data in Tables 3-14 through 3-16.

On- and Off-site Releases

Table 3-14 provides release data for all four-digit
SIC codes in the tobacco products sector, for 1988-
1996. Total on- and off-site releases for
manufacturers of cigarettes (SIC code 2111)
decreased  50,000 pounds (44.7%), from 111,000
pounds to  62,000 pounds. In releases, the industry
reported only air emissions for the "core"
chemicals  for this period. Cigar manufacturers (SIC
code 2121) reported 92,000 pounds of releases in
1988, but submitted no reports for the "core"
    chemicals in 1996. Amounts reported in the
    tobacco stemming and redrying industry (SIC code
    2141) showed little change from 1988 to 1996.

    Other On-site Waste Management

    Cigarette producers (SIC code 2111) reported other
    on-site waste management of 33,000 pounds in
    1994 and 15,000 pounds in 1996 (on-site waste
    management data were not collected in 1988). This
    was a reduction of 54.7%. Cigar producers (SIC
    code 2121) reported 63,000 pounds in 1994, but as
    noted above, no forms were submitted in this
    industry for the "core" chemicals in 1996. Tobacco
    stemming and redrying (SIC code 2141) reported
    zero amounts for all on-site waste management in
    these years except for 19,000 pounds of on-site
    treatment in 1996.
                                                                                                  95
-------
           Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
 Table 3-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Tobacco Products,
 SIC Code 21
On-slte Releases

SIC
Code Industry Year

21 1 1 Cigarettes 96
95
94
88
2121 Cigars 96
95
94
88
2141 Tobacco Stemming and Recycling 96
95
94
88
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 21 96
95
94
88
Tola! for SIC Code 21 96
95
94
88

Surface

Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds
61,615
58,919
60,161
111,374
Pounds
0
0
0
0
Pounds
0
0
0
0

Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
0
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
61,615
58,919
60,161
111,374
Off-site
Releases
Transfers

Total On-
Off-site to and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds
0
0
0
0
Pounds
61,615
58,919
60,161
111,374
No reports received
25,707
64,226
91,640
900
900
510
500
0
0
0
10,900
9,700
9,874
10,950
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25,707
64,226
91,640
11,800
10,600
10,384
11,450
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25,707
64,226
91,640
11,800
10,600
10,384
11,450
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
126,713
62,515
85,526
124,897
330,227
0
10,900
9,700
9,874
10,950
0
0
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
750
127,463
73,415
95,226
134,771
341,927
0
0
0
0
0
127,463
73,415
95,226
134,771
341,927
i~.n~~.il   j	•   i-j or/-.  T •  orA       v^i-suc Ceases trom aecuon o ^transfers ott-site to disposal) of Form R. Two facilities reported
incorrectly under an mvalid SIC code m SIC code 21 for 1988. They should have reported in SIC code 26. The incorrectiy reported amount was 90,231 pounds of

                                                     Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
                                                     in Releases. 1988-1996

                                                     The top-ranked facility for increases was R. J.
                                                     Reynolds Tobacco Company in King, North
                                                     Carolina (SIC code 2111). This auxiliary facility is
                                                     a coal-burning power plant that provides electricity
                                                     to the tobacco facility and also sells power locally.
                                                     Hydrogen fluoride,  a byproduct of coal combustion,
                                                     accounted for 100% of the plant's increase, with
                                                     point-source air emissions of 62,000 pounds.

                                                     Philip Morris USA in Chester, Virginia (SIC code
                                                     2141), ranked second in increases of releases with
                                                     an overall increase of 600 pounds. Over 80% of the
                                                     increase at the tobacco processing facility was
                                                     attributable to fugitive air emissions and surface
                                                     water discharges of ethylene glycol. The facility did
                                                     not report this chemical in 1988. Ethylene glycol is
                                                     used as a coolant in  a chiller system at this tobacco
 On-site waste management data for these years
 appear in Table 3-15.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 Little was reported in this sector for transfers off-
 site for further waste management in the years that
 can be compared for the "core" chemicals that were
 reportable in all years (data for some types of off-
 site transfers were not collected in 1988). In 1994,
 these transfers totaled 5 pounds, and in 1996 they
 totaled 400 pounds. Table 3-16 provides multi-year
 data by four-digit SIC codes for these transfer
 types.
96
-------
                                                   Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
Table 3-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Tobacco Products,
SIC Code 21
SIC
Code Industry Year
2111 Cigarettes 96
95
94
88
2121 Cigars 96
95
94
88
2141 Tobacco Stemming and Redrying 96
95
94
88
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 21 96
95
94
88
Total for SIC Code 21 96
95
94
88
Energy
Recycled Recovery
On-site On-site
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
0
0
;NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA

0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
Total Other
Treated On-site Waste
On-site Management
Pounds Pounds
15,000
29,400
33,131
NA

24,450
63,477
NA
18,800
0
0
NA



NA
33,800
53,850
96,608
NA
15,000
29,400
33,131
NA

24,450
63,477
NA
18.800
0
0
NA



NA
33,800
53,850
96,608
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.

 stemming and redrying facility. In 1993, ethylene
 glycol losses were discovered, and the facility
 began reporting the releases to TRI.

 Third in increases was R.J. Reynolds Tobacco
 Company in Winston-Salem (Reynolds Blvd.),
 North Carolina (did not report in 1988, SIC code
 2111 in 1996). This site is a large complex where
 many types of activities take place. One of these is
 the fifth largest gravure printing operation in the
 country. The printing operation uses toluene in
 excess of the TRI reporting threshold and therefore
 makes any toluene released from the complex
 reportable, according to the R.J. Reynolds contact.
 In 1996, the facility reported toluene fugitive air
 emissions of 20 pounds. A building not connected
 with the printing operation was painted and toluene
 was a constituent of the paint. The 20 pounds of
 toluene emissions was both the total for the
 chemical and the total overall increase for the
 facility.
Brown & Williamson Tobacco in Lancaster,
Pennsylvania (SIC code 2121), had the largest
decrease with 84,000 pounds. Brown & Williamson
purchased the Lancaster facility from General Cigar
in 1991. One of General Cigar's products was a
cigar wrapper. A cellulose film coating was applied
to the cigar wrapper to function as a moisture
barrier. This prevented the cigar from decomposing
in the smoker's mouth. Toluene was used as a
solvent in the coating process and represented
100% of the facility's 1988 releases, all as air
emissions. When Brown & Williamson bought the
facility from General Cigar, the cigar wrapper
product continued to be produced under contract
with General Cigar. Implementation of new volatile
organic carbon (VOC) restrictions and maximum
•achievable control technology (MACT) regulations
would have required the facility to purchase new
emissions control equipment. The cost of the new
equipment would have raised the cost of the cigar
                                                                                                 97
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           Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
Table 3-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Tobacco
Products, SIC Code 21
SIC
Code Industry Year
2111 Cigarettes 96
95
94
88
2121 Cigars 96
95
94
88
2141 Tobacco Stemming and Retrying 96
95
94
88
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 21 96
95
94
88
Total for SIC Code 21 96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA

1,000
0
NA
0
0
0
NA



NA
0
1,000
0
NA
0
1
0
99,346

510
0
0
400
10
5
0



21,650
400
521
5
120,996
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
22,319

0
0
0
0
0
0
0



58,791
0
0
0
81,110
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0



0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
NA

1,510
0
NA
400
10
5
NA



NA
400
1,521
5
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Two facilities reported incorrectly under an invalid SIC code in SIC code 21 for 1988. They should
have reported in SIC code 26. The incorrectly reported amounts were 21,650 pounds of transfers to treatment and 3,551 pounds of transfers to POTWs.
 wrapper and General Cigar opted out of the
 contract with Brown & Williamson. There were no
 data reported for toluene in 1996.

 Liggett Group, Inc., in Durham, North Carolina
 (SIC code 2111), was second in decreases with a
 75,000 pound reduction. Toluene was responsible
 for 100% of the reduction. The cigarette-
 manufacturing facility houses printing operations
 that use toluene. The facility formerly used a top
 lacquer, containing toluene, on printed cartons and
 labels, but has now switched to a water-based top
 lacquer. Toluene is still used in small amounts at
 the facility, but not in a quantity exceeding the TRI
 reporting threshold. Therefore the facility did not
 report toluene in 1996.

 The third-ranked facility for decreases was R. J.
 Reynolds Tobacco Company in Winston-Salem
(Shorefair & 30th), North Carolina (SIC code
2111), with an overall decrease of 36,000 pounds.
The facility manufactured a smokeless-cigarette
product during the 1988 reporting year. Since that
time, the product line has been discontinued and
other processes now take place at the plant. Freon
113 was used by the facility when it produced the
smokeless cigarettes. The facility contact did not
know how the chemical was used. There were no
data reported for Freon 113 in 1996.

Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
Releases, 1988-1996

In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
large apparent increases and decreases, which have
been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
Because these are errors or plant closures and not
actual changes in the data, these facilities are not
98
-------
discussed in detail here. There are two such
facilities in the tobacco products sector:

   Little Falls Color Print, Little Falls, New York,
   decrease of 46,000 pounds, reported incorrect
   SIC code.
   Sullivan Paper Company, Inc., West
   Springfield, Massachusetts, decrease of 42,000
   pounds, reported incorrect SIC code.

1991-1996 Waste Management Data
for Tobacco Products

Table 3-17 summarizes on- and off-site waste
management data for the tobacco products sector
for 1991, when TRI began collecting this
information, and the three most recent years (1994-
1996).

Total production-related waste fell from 51.4
million pounds in 1991 to 108,000 pounds in 1996
in the tobacco products,sector. The largest decrease
was in on-site waste management, which was 49.9
million pounds in 1991, almost all of this in on-site
recycling. For 1994 through 1996, on-site recycling
was zero. One facility in SIC code 2111, cigarette
production, reported 49.7 million pounds of on-site
recycling in 1991, but has since closed, accounting
for this large reduction in the sector's waste
management data. This plant closure also explains
part of the large reduction in quantities released on-
and off-site in this sector. Tobacco products
manufacturing reported 1.4 million pounds in
quantities released in 1991, including 502,000
pounds from the facility that has  since closed. By
1996, the sector's total had declined to 73,000
pounds, a reduction of nearly 95%.

On-site treatment declined from  93,000 pounds to
34,000 pounds from 1991 to 1996, a 63.7%
reduction.

Off-site waste management in this sector decreased
from 7,000 pounds in 1991 to 400 pounds in 1996.
                                                 Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
Off-site recycling and energy recovery were both
more than 3,000 pounds in 1991, but dropped to
zero by 1996.

Figure 3-13 presents the percentage change in the
types of waste management in this sector for 1991-
1996.

The very large apparent reductions in on-site
recycling and in quantities released obscure the
picture of waste management in this sector over the
comparison period. Excluding the data from the
closed facility, however, recycling on-site still
dropped to zero, and quantities released and total
production-related waste both showed substantial
decreases. For quantities released, this was a 92.0%
reduction from 915,000 pounds to 73,000 pounds,
and for total production-related waste, the reduction
was 90.8%, from 1.2 million pounds to 108,000
pounds. These are much larger percentage
decreases than in most industrial sectors, and these
decreases continued while the tobacco products
sector regained production levels it had lost in the
early 1990s. More than two-thirds (68.2%) of the
remaining level of production-related waste,
however, was reported as released in 1996. In the
waste management hierarchy (explained in Chapter
1), this is the option of last resort, to be
implemented only when toxic chemicals cannot be
recycled, burned for energy recovery, or treated.

As indicated in the  following section, restrictions
on ozone-depleting chemicals that were
implemented as a result of the Montreal Protocol
led tobacco products facilities to eliminate uses of
trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) during this
period. This has contributed significantly to the
sector's reductions  in production-related waste.

Facilities with Lame Increases and Decreases
in Waste Management.  1991-1996

The number-one facility for increases in waste
management was also the  number-one facility for
increases of releases, R.J.  Reynolds Tobacco
Company in King, North Carolina (SIC code 2111).
                                                                                              99
-------
             Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
 Table 3-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996: Tobacco Products, SIC Code 21
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Manaaement
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-sitc Waste Management
Off-site Waste Manaaement
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
1991
Pounds
49,888,442
0
93,020
49,981,462
3,615
3,207
186
7,008
1,416,623
51,405,093
14,118
Change
1994-1995
Percent
-44.3
-44.3
10,100.0
30,100.0
-33.0
-36.9
-100.0
1994
Pounds
0
0
96,608
96,608
0
0
5
5
142,073
238,686
12,500
Change
1995-1996
Percent
-37.2
-37.2
-100.0
-21.6
-73.5
-22.9
-28.5
-
1995
Pounds
0
0
53,850
53,850
0
1,000
510
1,510
95,236
150,596
0
Change
1991-1996
Percent
-100.0
-63.7
-99.9
-100.0
-100.0
115.1
-94.3
-94.8
-99.8
-100.0
1996
Pounds
0
0
33,800
33,800
0
0
400
400
73,415
107,615
0







Note: Docs not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
 100
-------
                                                     Chapters — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
    150
   -150
      Recycled     Energy   Treated
        On-site   Recovery   On-site
                 On-site

           On-site Waste Management
Recycled    Energy   Treated           Quantity
 Off-site  Recovery    Off-site       Released On-
          Off-site                  and Off-site

    -Off-site Waste Management
    Total
Production-
   related
    Waste
        Figure 3-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
                                   Tobacco Products (SIC Code 21)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
The facility reported a 29,000 pound increase in
quantity of hydrogen fluoride released. No other
waste management data were reported for this or
any other chemical. Hydrogen fluoride released by
the facility is a by-product of coal combustion for
electricity generation. (See also "Facilities with
Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-
1996.")

Philip Morris USA in Chester, Virginia (SIC code
2111 in 1991 and 2141 in 1996), reported the
second largest increase with 20,000 pounds. The
facility, also ranked second for increases in
releases, reported no production-related waste data
for ethylene glycol in  1991 and 20,000 pounds in
1996. The chemical is used as a coolant in a chiller
system. Lost coolant is treated in an on-site waste-
            water treatment system. In 1996, 19,000 pounds of
            ethylene glycol were treated on-site. The facility
            did not report ethylene glycol in 1991 because the
            losses were not discovered until 1993.

            Third in increases was R.J. Reynolds Tobacco
            Company in Winston-Salem (Reynolds Blvd.),
            North Carolina (did not report in 1991, SIC code
            2111 in 1996). This facility was also third for
            increases of releases. The only reported chemical in
            1996 was toluene. There were no data for 1991.
            The total increase was 20 pounds, equaling the 20
            pound increase in toluene releases (see "Facilities
            with Large Increases and Decreases in Releases,
            1988-1996.").
                                                                                                   101
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          Chapter 3 — TRI Data for Tobacco Products
 First in decreases was Commonwealth Brands, Inc.
 in Reidsville, North Carolina (SIC code 2111), with
 an overall reduction of 362,000 pounds. The
 cigarette manufacturer used CFC-11, trichloro-
 fluoromethane, as an expansion agent for tobacco.
 A substitute process was found as a result of the
 Montreal Protocol, which calls for the phase-out of
 ozone-depleting chemicals, and the facility stopped
 using the chemical after 1994.

 Liggett Group, Inc., in Durham, North Carolina
 (SIC code 2111), was second in decreases with a
 312,000 pound reduction. The plant used
 trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) in its tobacco
 expanding process. The process was completely
 shut down after the United States adopted
 provisions implementing the Montreal Protocol's
 ban on ozone-depleting chemicals.

 Lorillard Tobacco Company in Greensboro, North
 Carolina (SIC code 2111), had the third largest
 decrease with a 280,000 pound reduction. Similar
 to the number-one decreaser,  100% of the
 Lorillard's reduction was the result of the phase-out
 of CFC-11 in a tobacco-expanding process. The
 CFC-11 process was substituted with  a carbon
 dioxide process.

 Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
 Production-Related Waste, 1991-1996

 In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
 large apparent increases and decreases, which have
 been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
 Because these are errors or plant closures and not
 actual changes in the data, these facilities are not
 discussed in detail here. There is one such facility
 in the tobacco products sector:
   R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-
   Salem (5th and Lhiden), North Carolina,
   decrease of 50.2 million pounds, plant closure

Facilities Contacted for Explanations
(alphabetical by facility):

   Brown & Williamson Tobacco, Lancaster,
   Pennsylvania: Bob Walquist, July 28, 1998
   (explanation provided)

   Commonwealth Brands, Inc., Reidsville, North
   Carolina: Richard A. Filbey, July 28, 1998
   (explanation provided)

   Liggett Group, Inc., Durham, North Carolina:
   Thomas W. Newsom, August 10, 1998
   (explanation provided)

   Little Falls  Color Print, Little Falls, New York:
   Joseph Sullivan, August 4, 1998 (explanation
   provided)

   Lorillard Tobacco Company, Greensboro,
   North Carolina: R.L. Thomas, August 4, 1998
   (explanation provided)

   Philip Morris USA, Chester, Virginia:  Ethel G.
   Tatum, July 28 and August 5, 1998
   (explanation provided)

   R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, facilities in
   Winston-Salem and King, North Carolina: Carl
   L. Martin, July 28 and August 5, 1998
   (explanation provided)

   Sullivan Paper Company, Inc., West
   Springfield, Massachusetts: Joseph Sullivan,
   August 4, 1998 (explanation provided)
102
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                                  Chapter 4
               Toxics Release Inventory Data
                     for Textile  Mill Products
                              (SIC Code 22)
A  Look at the Textile Mill

Products Industry

(SIC Code 22)

Textile mills (SIC code 22) prepare fiber and
produce yarn, thread, braids, twine, and cordage.
They manufacture various fabrics—broadwoven,
narrow woven, and knit. Facilities in this sector dye
and finish fiber, yarn, fabrics, and knit apparel.
They also coat and treat fabrics. Facilities that
manufacture knit apparel and other finished
products from their own yarn are classified in this
sector. Broadwoven fabrics are generally more than
12 inches wide, and narrow woven fabrics less than
12 inches wide. The latter category includes, for
example, fabrics for the production of men's ties.
Miscellaneous products of this sector (SIC code
229) include non-rubberized coated fabrics, tire
cord and fabrics, and other goods. Box 4-1 lists
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and
their designations for this sector. In TRI, SIC codes
are given as reported by the facilities; these may
differ from information in economic and other data
collections.
 Textile mills constitute one of the smaller segments
. of the United States manufacturing economy. In
 1996, textile mills shipped products valued at
 $80.24 billion, up slightly from $79.87 billion in
 1995 (both in current dollars). Employment in SIC
 code 22 was 576,000 in 1996. Textile mill
 employment declined steadily from 1988 to 1991.
 Although employment in this sector fluctuated in
 the mid-1990s, the 1996 level was the lowest
 recorded throughout the 1988-1996 period.

 Knitting mills (SIC code 225) accounted for about
 one-fourth of the economic activity in this sector in
 1996. Knitting mills had $19.52 billion in
 shipments and employed 169,000. A number of
 other industry groups contributed roughly equal
 amounts to the sector's output, as measured hi
 value of shipments. Yarn and thread mills (SIC
 code 228), carpets and rugs (SIC code 227),
 broadwoven synthetic fabric mills (SIC code 222),
 and miscellaneous textile goods (SIC code 229) all
 had shipments valued at approximately $10 billion
 to $13 billion. Textile mill production rose 10.6%
 from 1989 to 1996, compared to an increase of
 17.6% for all U.S. manufacturing (see Chapter 1,
 Table 1-10).
                                                                                  103
-------
              Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
 Box 4-1. SIC Code 22, Textile Mill Products:  Codes and Classifications
  SIC Code
                                                                Industry Description
  221    Broadwovcn Fabric Mills, Cotton
         2211   Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton
  222    Broadwovcn Fabric Mills, Manmade Fiber and Silk
         2221   Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade Fiber
                and Silk
  223    Broadwovcn Fabric Mills, Wool (Including Dyeing
         and Finishing)
         2231   Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool (Including
                Dyeing and Finishing)

  224    Narrow Fabric and Other Smallwares Mills: Cotton,
         Wool, Silk, and Manmade Fiber
         2241   Narrow Fabric and Other Smallwares Mills:
                Cotton, Wool, Silk, and Manmade Fiber
  225    Knitting Mills
         2251   Women's Full-Length and Knee-Length
                Hosiery, Except Socks
         2252   Hosiery, nee*
         2253   Knit Outerwear Mills

         2254   Knit Underwear and Nightwear Mills

         2257   Weft Knit Fabric Mills
         2258   Lace and Warp Knit Fabric Mills

         2259   Knitting Mills, nee*
  226    Dyeing and Finishing Textiles, except Wool, Fabrics
         and Knit Goods
         2261   Finishers of Broadwoven Fabrics of Cotton
         2262   Finishers of Broadwoven Fabrics of Manmade
                Fiber and Silk
         2269   Finishers of Textiles, nee*
 227    Carpets and Rugs
         2273   Carpets and Rugs

 228    Yarn and Thread Mills
         2281   Yarn Spinning Mills

         2282   Yarn Texturizing, Throwing, Twisting, and
                Winding Mills
         2284   Thread Mills
Weaving of fabrics more than 12 inches wide, wholly or chiefly of cotton.
Weaving of fabrics more than 12 inches wide, wholly or chiefly of silk and
manmade fibers including glass.
Weaving of fabrics more than 12 inches wide, wholly or chiefly of wool, mohair, or
similar animal fibers. Dyeing and finishing all woven wool fabrics. Dyeing wool,
tops, or yarn. Shrinking and sponging of wool goods for the trade.
Weaving or braiding narrow fabrics of cotton, wool, silk, and manmade fibers
(including glass). Manufacture of fabric-covered elastic yarn or thread.
Knitting, dyeing, or finishing women's and misses' full-length and knee-length
hosiery (except socks) and panty hose.
Knitting, dyeing, or finishing miscellaneous hosiery.
Knitting outerwear from yarn. Manufacturing outerwear from knit fabrics produced
in the same establishment.
Knitting underwear and nightwear from yarn. Manufacturing underwear and
nightwear from knit fabrics produced in the same establishment.
Knitting weft (circular) fabrics. Dyeing or finishing weft knit fabrics.
Knitting, dyeing, or finishing warp (flat) knit fabrics. Manufacturing, dyeing, or
finishing lace goods.
Knitting gloves and other miscellaneous articles, including bedspreads, curtains, and
towels.
Finishing cotton broadwoven fabrics, either purchased or on a commission basis.
(Includes bleaching, dyeing, printing, shrinking, and chemical finishing for water
repellency, fire resistance, and mildew proofing.)
Finishing manmade fiber and silk broadwoven fabrics, either purchased or on a
commission basis (as above).
Dyeing and finishing of miscellaneous textiles (purchased or on commission),
including raw stock, yarn, braided goods, and narrow fabrics.
Manufacture of woven, tufted, and other carpets and rugs, such as art squares, floor
mattings, and needle punch carpeting. Manufacture of door mats and mattings from
textile materials or from twisted paper, grasses, sisal, rags, and other materials.
Spinning yarn wholly or chiefly of cotton, manmade fibers, silk, wool, mohair, or
similar animal fibers.
Texturizing, throwing, twisting, winding, or spooling yarns or manmade fiber
filaments, purchased or on commission.
Manufacture of thread, including handicraft threads.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
104
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                                                       Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Box 4-1. SIC Code 22, Textile Mill Products:  Codes and Classifications, Continued
 SIC Code
                                                   Industry Description
 229   Miscellaneous Textile Goods

       2295   Coated Fabrics, Not Rubberized


       2296   Tire Cord and Fabrics


       2297   Nonwoven Fabrics


       2298   Cordage and Twine

       2299   Textile Goods, nee*
Manufacture of coated, impregnated, or laminated textiles. Finishing of textiles, such
as varnishing and waxing.

Manufacture of cord and fabric for use in reinforcing rubber tires, industrial belting,
fuel cells, and similar uses.

Manufacture of nonwoven fabrics (by bonding or interlocking of fibers) by
mechanical, chemical, thermal, and/or solvent means.

Manufacture of rope, cable, cordage, twine, and related products.
Manufacture of miscellaneous textile goods, including goods of linen, jute, or felt;
padding and upholstery filling; and recovered fibers and flock. Processing textile
fibers for spinning, such as scouring and carbonizing wool or combing and
converting wool tow to top.
*nec: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
Unlike some sectors such as pulp and paper
milling, where integrated manufacturing processes
and materials are common, textile mills and related
establishments generally engage in one process or
produce one product. Mills may weave cotton or
synthetic fabrics, but seldom do both. Some mills
spin yarn, but do not weave. Mills that spin and
weave may not dye or finish their fabrics. Dyeing
and finishing plants may process purchased
materials, although many process fabrics for the
mills on a commission basis.

Processes in textile milling begin with cleaning,
carding and combing, and reblending staples
(natural fibers) before spinning them into yarn.
Synthetic fibers do not require these preliminary
steps, but spinning processes are similar for both
      natural and manmade fibers. Yarns are then woven
      or knit into fabrics. Finishing, also known as wet
      processing, may be mechanical, chemical, or both.
      This may include scouring and bleaching to prepare
      for further finishing steps such as dyeing, treating
      (for example, durable-press treatment), or coating.
      Finishing (industries in SIC code 226) and coating
      (SIC code 2295) make up the majority of the
      sector's TRI reporting.

      Chemicals used in finishing textile products include
      wetting and cleaning agents, surfactants, and others
      with functional roles in processing, plus substances
      such as dyes and finishes that are intended to
      remain on the processed fibers and fabrics. In
      bleaching processes, hydrogen peroxide has largely
      replaced sodium hypochlorite and sodium chlorite.
                                                    Sources
    Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987:
       Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and industry descriptions.
    U.S. Industry & Trade Outlook '98, DRI/McGraw Hill, Standard & Poor's, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
       International Trade Administration, 1998: economic analyses, also provides some information on environment and
       industrial processes for selected industries.
    U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufactures: Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries, M96(AS)-1,
       February 1998 : value of shipments and employment.
       Supplemental data from U.S. Census Bureau  for some industries.
    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Office of Compliance, Profile
       of the Textile Industry, Sector Notebook project, EPA/310-R-97-009, September 1997
       : industry processes and technologies, pollutant sources, and selected
       economic data.
    McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 8th ed., 1997: industry processes and technologies.
                                                                                                           105
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            Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products

Table 4-1. Summary of TRI Information by4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22
Total Total
On- and Production-
OfT-sIte related
Releases Waste
Rink Rank
8
5
13
22
23
18
24
17
15
21
10
9
3
6
20
16
4
1
7
12
14
11
2
19

13
8
12
24
18
20
21
16
15
22
10
4
2
5
23
19
6
1
9
7
17
11
3
14

SIC
Code
2211
2221
2231
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
2258
2259
2261
2262
2269
2273
2281
2282
2284
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299



Industry
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool
Women's Hosiery, Except Socks
Hosiery, nee*
Knit Outerwear Mills
Knit Underwear Mills
Weft Knit Fabric Mills
Lace & Warp Knit Fabric Mills
Knitting Mills, nee*
Finishing Plants, Cotton
Finishing Plants, Manmade
Finishing Plants, nee*
Carpets & Rugs
Yarn Spinning Mills
Throwing & Winding Mills
Thread Mills
Coated Fabrics, Not Rubberized
Tire Cord & Fabrics
Nonwoven Fabrics
Cordage & Twine
Textile Goods, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 22
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 22
Total for SIC Code 22
Total
Facilities
Number
9
8
13
3
4
8
1
3
3
1
18
19
31
35
2
5
5
44
11
9
2
17
54
2
307
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
19
22
25
3
4
13
1
3
3
2
34
34
67
59
2
5
9
158
25
12
5
27
120
5
657
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
9
1
2
0
6
2
0
0
3
5
1
35
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
343,254
466,466
145,622
181
2
19,595
0
40,011
105,565
0
219,065
289,444
1,482,755
413,221
12,300
42,197
1,120,795
9,908,417
334,448
166,120
106,331
174,596
1,455,976
19,021
16,865,382
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
250
48,713
6,322
0
0
12
0
0
0
7,395
0
42,763
5
5,813
0
0
0
236,305
59,102
0
0
14,066
41,402
0
462,148
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
343,504
515,179
151,944
181
2
19,607
0
40,011
105,565
7,395
219,065
332,207
1,482,760
419,034
12,300
42,197
1,120,795
10,144,722
393,550
166,120
106,331
188,662
1,497,378
19,021
17,327,530
Notes On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code
2269 for 1996. The facility should have reported under SIC code 2869. The incorrectly reported amounts were the following: 51,735 pounds of total releases,
4,437,287 pounds of other on-site waste management, 61,342 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management and 4,552,414 pounds of total production-
related waste. Another facility incorrectly reported 393,101 pounds of total releases under SIC code 2269. The correct amount is 42,493 pounds. Accounting for
these two facility errors, the total releases rank of SIC code 2269 changes from 3 to 4. Another facility incorrectly reported 10,679,852 pounds of other on-site
waste management and total production-related waste under SIC code 2269. The correct amount is 0 pounds.
"nee: not elsewhere classified.
 Noncresylic surfactants have similarly been
 substituted for cresol-based surfactants in
 surfactants in mercerization processes that enhance
 luster and smoothness. Dyes may be reactive
 (reacting with fiber molecules to form chemical
 bonds), or direct (not requiring an affixing agent).
 Dyes for polyesters are disperse (requiring dye
 carriers, pressure, and heat).  Printing operations
 typically rely on resin binders to apply pigments to
 fibers; solvents transport the resin-pigment mixture
 to the chemically treated fiber surface. Dyeing and
 printing processes may involve other chemical aids
 (to speed or retard dye penetration, for example), as
 well as after-treatment to prevent fading. Polyvinyl
and urea-formaldehyde resins are applied as
stiffeners in some fabrics. Fabrics may also be
treated to obtain fire-retardant or water-repellent
characteristics.

1996 TRI  Data for Textile
Mill  Products
Table 4-1 summarizes TRI reporting by the textile
mills sector for  1996. Textile mill products
industries submitted 657 forms in 1996. Of these,
35 were Form A certification statements, certifying
that a facility's total annual reportable amount of a
 106
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                                                         Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Table 4-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22, Continued
SIC
Code
2211
2221
2231
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
2258
2259
2261
2262
2269
2273
2281
2282
2284
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299



Industry
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool
Women's Hosiery, Except Socks
Hosiery, nee*
Knit Outerwear Mills
Knit Underwear Mills
Weft Knit Fabric Mills
Lace & Warp Knit Fabric Mills
Knitting Mills, nee*
Finishing Plants, Cotton
Finishing Plants, Manmade
Finishing Plants, nee*
Carpets & Rugs
Yarn Spinning Mills
Throwing & Winding Mills
Thread Mills
Coated Fabrics, Not Rubberized
Tire Cord & Fabrics
Nonwoven Fabrics
Cordage & Twine
Textile Goods, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 22
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 22
Total for SIC Code 22
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
10,037
102,619
388,371
0
0
23,000
0
56,798
495
6,800
141,048
5,087,269
20,326,972
651,381
0
0
77,022
9,895,645
447,621
871,039
0
352,045
3,475,454 ;
126,484
42,040,100
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
152,400
168,920
25,807
0
108,891
17,738
24,153
72,293
14,000
38
424,132
79,604
927,188
265,252
0
19,144
160,564
2,414,583
19,696
4,711
3,069
94,319
754,947
0
5,751,449
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
506,198
853,636
552,119
181
109,011
62,547
24,153
119,259
119,297
14,233
818,995
5,499,715
22,365,755
1,388,550
12,300
73,788
1,309,328
22,453,748
829,926
1,043,510
109,400
635,610
5,562,785
145,023
64,609,067
Non-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
490
0
0
0
468
200
1,158
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code
2269 for 1996. The facility should have reported under SIC code 2869.  The incorrectly reported amounts were the following: 51,735 pounds of total releases,
4,437,287 pounds of other on-site waste management, 61,342 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management and 4,552,414 pounds of total production-
related waste. Another facility incorrectly reported 393,101 pounds of total releases under SIC code 2269. The correct amount is 42,493 pounds. Accounting for
these two facility errors, the total releases rank of SIC code 2269 changes from 3 to 4.  Another facility incorrectly reported 10,679,852 pounds of other on-site
waste management and total production-related waste under SIC code 2269. The correct amount is 0 pounds.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 TRI chemical was less than 500 pounds for the year
 and that the facility did not manufacture, process,
 or otherwise use more than 1 million pounds. This
 represented 5.3% of all submissions from this
 industry, which was about half the percentage
 (10.1%) of Form As submitted for all industries in
 1996. (The Form A certification statement is
 explained in Chapter 1.)

 The textile mill products industry that submitted the
 most forms was coated fabrics (SIC code 2295).
 This industry submitted 158 forms, one-quarter of
 the sector's total. Forms that reported more than
one SIC code in SIC code 22 to describe their
operations (explained below) was the second
largest group, with 120 forms. Miscellaneous
finishing plants (SIC code 2269) was third, with 67
forms.

Some facilities in this sector manufacture products
classified in distinct, but related SIC codes. A few
textile mills weave both cotton and synthetic
fabrics; such facilities would report SIC codes 2211
(broadwoven fabric mills, cotton) and 2221
(broadwoven fabric mills, manmade) to describe
their activities. Other facilities might finish
manmade fabrics (SIC code 2262) and also perform
                                                                                                               107
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          Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
operations such as bleaching and finishing raw
stock, yarn, and narrow fabrics (SIC code 2269,
miscellaneous finishing plants). Such facilities also
may report multiple SIC codes on their TRI forms.
(Box 1-5 in Chapter 1 further explains reporting of
multiple SIC codes and its affect on the analyses
presented in the TRI data release.)

As shown in Table 4-1, on- and off-site releases in
the textile mills sector totaled 17.3 million pounds
in 1996. Production of coated fabrics (SIC code
2295) reported the largest releases. This industry
reported 9.9 million pounds of on-site releases and
236,000 pounds of offcsite releases. Both amounts
were the largest reported in this sector for these
categories. Together, they represented 58.5% of the
all releases reported in this sector.

Forms with multiple SIC codes reported the
second-largest amounts of total on- and off-site
releases, 1.5 million pounds, or 8.6% of the  sector's
total. Miscellaneous finishing plants (SIC code 2269)
was third, with 1.5 million pounds, also 8.6%.
However, taking into account two facility reporting
errors in SIC code 2269 would reduce this amount to
1.1 million pounds. One facility submitted an incorrect
amount for releases of methanol and another facility
that should have reported in SIC code 2869 not SIC
code 2269 (further described below).

Other on-site waste management reported in the
textile mills sector totaled 42.0 million pounds in
1996. Miscellaneous finishing plants (SIC code
2269) reported nearly half (48.4%) of this amount,
20.3 million pounds. However, two forms
indicating SIC code 2269 have been identified as
containing reporting errors. These two forms
accounted for 15.1 million pounds of the other
on-site waste management reported in SIC code
2269. One of these forms was submitted by a
facility that correctly stopped reporting non-aerosol
forms of sulfuric acid  in 1995, because EPA had
modified the reporting definition for that chemical
to require reporting of aerosol forms only.
However, this facility  erroneously submitted a form
for non-aerosol forms  of sulfuric acid for 1996, for
10.7 million pounds that it treated on-site.
Secondly, an inorganic chemical manufacturing
facility, which files in SIC code 2869, inadvertently
submitted one form for xylenes in SIC code 2269.
This form included 4.4 million pounds of on-site
recycling of xylenes. After correcting for these
errors, amounts of other on-site waste management
for SIC code 2269 were 5.2 million pounds.

Manufacturing of coated fabrics (SIC code 2295)
ranked second for other on-site waste management
with 9.9 million pounds, or 23.5% of the sector's
total, and finishing of manmade fabrics (SIC code
2262) was third with 5.5 million pounds, or 12.1%.

Coated fabrics (SIC code 2295)  reported the largest
transfers off-site for further waste management in
this sector, 2.4 million pounds, 42.0% of the
sector's 5.8 million-pound total. Miscellaneous
finishing plants (SIC code 2269) was second with
927,000 pounds (16.1%). Forms reporting multiple
codes ranked third with 755,000 pounds (13.1%).

Coated fabrics (SIC code 2295)  also reported the
largest production-related waste in 1996, 22.5
million pounds. The miscellaneous finishing plants
industry (SIC code 2269) ranked second for total
production-related waste, with 22.4 million pounds;
the reporting errors described above reduce this
industry's total to 7.1 million pounds, which was still the
second-largest amount in this sector. The multiple-codes
group was third, with 5.6 million pounds.

Reporting Errors in 1996 Data for SIC Code 22
As mentioned above, some reports submitted to
EPA contained errors. These included:

•  reporting an incorrect amount for releases of
   methanol in SIC code 2269 (393,101 pounds
   instead of 42,493 pounds),

•  reporting of 10.7 million pounds of sulfuric acid
   treated on-site in SIC code 2269 (the facility
   should not have submitted a  form for this
   chemical), and
108
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                                                   Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
 •  reporting of 4.4 million pounds of xylenes
    recycled on-site in SIC code 2269 (this form
    should have been reported in SIC code 2869).

 EPA is working with these facilities to correct their
 reporting errors. These facility errors are footnoted
 in the appropriate tables and figures and
 incorporated where there are comparisons in the
 text.

 Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 22
 Table 4-2 further examines reporting on the forms
 submitted with multiple SIC codes. The most
 frequent combination, reported on 26 of the 120
forms with multiple SIC codes, was finishing
broadwoven cotton fabrics (SIC code 2261) and
finishing broadwoven manmade fabrics (SIC code
2262). This combination also reported the largest
total on- and off-site releases (196,000 pounds) and
the largest total production-related waste (1.2
million pounds) among multiple-codes forms in
SIC code 22.

Twelve forms reported the combination of
broadwoven cotton fabric mills (SIC code 2211)
and finishing of broadwoven cotton fabrics (SIC
code 2261), the second-largest number of multiple-
codes forms in SIC code 20. This combination
Table 4-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22
SIC Codes
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2221
2221
2221
2231
2231
2231
2253
2253
2258
2258
2258
2259
2259
2259
2261
2261
2261
2262
2262
2262
2269
2273
2281
2282
2221
2221
2221
2221
2221
2221
2261
2261
2261
2261
2257
2262
2262
2262
2262
2283
2254
2254
2261
2262
2269
2262
2262
2269
2262
2262
2262
2269
2269
2295
2295
2297
2295
2284

2259 2281 2282 2296
2261
2261 2262
2261 2262 2269 2281
2281

2262
2269
2281
2262 2295 2297

2269
2281
2295

2258
2269




2295 2299


2269
2295

2299

2297
2299

2298
Total for SIC Code 22
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
2
4
4
1
4
1
12
2
1
1
1
5
2
2
7
2
1
1
1
3
2
2
3
2
26
3
6
7
1
1
3
2
4
1
120
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
5
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
37,905
37,402
15,604
16,370
162,227
14,250
48,238
59,791
40,500
13,100
20
22,065
30
13,502
170,355
46
5,300
3,300
1,521
23,768
2,185
159,000
9,549
11,620
196,377
1 18,250
1,832
27,600
0
10,060
32,920
0
10,289
191,000
1,455,976
Total Transfers Total Non-
Total Total On- Total Other Off-site for Production- Production-
Off-slte and Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste related related
Releases Releases Management Management Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
207
0
0
0
0
1,808
0
0
0
7,000
3,900
0
1
1,500
0
0
0
: 0
3,577
0
0
9,886
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
13,522
0
0
0
41,402
37,905
37,609
15,604
16,370
162,227
14,250
50,046
59,791
40,500
13,100
7,020
25,965
30
13,503
171,855
46
5,300
3,300
1,521
27,345
2,185
159,000
19,435
11,620
196,378
118,250
1,832
27,600
0
10,060
46,442
0
10,289
191,000
1,497,378
0
0
0
0
0
0
551,695
0
39,000
69,000
0
0
1,988
45,000
886,600
55,539
88,000
0
0
17,455
0
275,580
0
313,800
767,559
55,300
86,343
140,000
0
0
0
0
82,595
0
3,475,454
250
1,984
55,579
0
6,768
0
8,000
250
0
0
0
36,605
1,988
0
0
1,659
0
0
13,693
0
29,019
0
104,910
1,170
204,845
0
254,627
11,350
8,125
1,399
750
0
11,976
0
754,947
38,293
41,534
71,183
16,370
168,996
14,250
609,709
59,923
79,500 .
69,000
7,500
62,520
5,964
58,680
1,057,200
57,244
93,300
3,300
15,214
44,800
31,204
275,580
122,728
326,600
1,171,649
173,300
342,802
179,250
8,100
11,459
49,743
0
104,890
191,000
5,562,785
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
350
0
0
118
0
0
0
0
0
0
468
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases are transfers off-site to disposal
from Section 6 of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 of Form R. Total Production-related Waste sums
Section 8 of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
                                                                                                    109
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           Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Table 4-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Textiles, SIC Code 22 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
2295

2269
2284
2221
2273
22%
2211
2262
2261
2299
2297
2231
2298
2258
2282
2257
2253

2281
2259
2251
2252
2254

Industry
Coated Fabrics. Not Rubberized
Multiple within SIC Code 22
Finishing Plains, nee*
Thread Mills
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade
Carpets & Rugs
Tire Cord &. Fabrics
Broadwown Fabric Mills, Cotton
Finishing Plants, Marunade
Finishing Plants, Cotton
Textile Goods, nee*
Nonwovcn Fabrics
BrotdwoWM Fabric Mills, Wool
Cordage & Twine
Lace & Warp Knit Fabric Mills
Throwing & Winding Mills
Weft Knit Fabric Mills
Knit Outerwear Mills
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 22
Yarn Spinning Mills
Knitting Milk, nee*
Women's Hosiery, Except Socks
Hosiery, nee*
Knit Underwear Mills
Total for SIC Codc-22
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
9,908,147
1,147,765
1,471,712
1,120,795
466,136
372,361
334,078
287,100
289,244
201,294
173,796
166,120
72,514
106,331
105,310
42,197
40,011
6,470
19,021
12,300
0
181
2
0
16,342,885
On-site Land Releases
Surface Underground Injection RCRA Other
Water Class I Class II-V Subtitle C On-site Land
Discharges Wells Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
270
149,787
11,038
0
330
40,860
360
55,904
200
17,771
800
0
71,307
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
348,877
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
158,424
5
0
0
0
10
250
0
0
0
0
1,801
0
5
0
0
13,125
0
0
0
0
0
0
173,620
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
9,908,417
1,455,976
1,482,755
1,120,795
466,466
413,221
334,448
343,254
289,444
219,065
174,596
166,120
145,622
106,331
105,565
42,197
40,011
19,595
19,021
12,300
0
181
2
0
16,865,382
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
236,305
41,402
5
0
48,713
5,813
59,102
250
42,763
0
14,066
0
6,322
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
7,395
0
0
0
462,148
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
10,144,722
1,497,378
1,482,760
1,120,795
515,179
419,034
393,550
343,504
332,207
219,065
188,662
166,120
151,944
106,331
105,565
42,197
40,011
19,607
19,021
12,300
7,395
181
2
0
17,327,530
Note: On-site Releases ftom Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code 2269. The facility should have reported
under SIC code 2869. The incorrectly reported amount was 51,735 pounds of total releases. Another facility incorrectly reported 393,101 pounds of total releases
under SfC code 2269. The correct amount is 42,493 pounds. Accounting for these two facility errors, the total releases rank of SIC code 2269 changes from 3 to 4.
*n«c: not elsewhere classified.
 reported on- and off-site releases totaling 50,000
 pounds and production-related waste totaling
 610,000 pounds.

 The group that combined throwing and winding
 mills (SIC coded 2282), thread mills (SIC code
 2284), and cordage and twine (SIC code 2298)
 ranked second among multiple-codes forms for
 total on- and off-site releases with 191,000 pounds.
 The combination of broadwoven wool fabric mills
 (SIC code 2231), finishing broadwoven manmade
 fabrics (SIC code 2262), and coated fabrics (SIC
 code 2295) ranked second for total production-
 related waste, reporting 1.1 million pounds.

 On- and Off-site Releases

 Air emissions reported in the textile mills sector
 totaled 16.3 million pounds in 1996, 94.3% of the
 sector's total releases of 17.3 million pounds, as
shown in Table 4-3. Surface water discharges were
reported as 349,000 pounds. Although textile
milling and finishing are water-intensive processes,
releases to surface water was a smaller percentage
(2.0%) of the sector's total releases than the
average for all manufacturing industries (7.1%).
Amounts reported for other on-site land releases
(174,000 pounds) and off-site releases (transfers to
disposal,  462,000 pounds) were also relatively
small. Figure 4-1 makes clear the dominant role of
air emissions among on- and off-site releases in this
sector.

The industry reporting the largest total releases was
coated fabrics (SIC code 2295), with 10.1 million
pounds. This industry also had the largest air
emissions (9.9 million pounds) and off-site releases
(transfers to disposal, 236,000 pounds). The coated
fabrics industry reported releases to air of 5.5
million pounds of methyl ethyl ketone and 2.8
 110
-------
      Other On-site
      Land Releases
         1.0%
Transfers Off-site
  to Disposal
    2.7%
Surface Water
     2.0%
                           Underground Injection = 0%
                           RCRA Subtitle C Landfills = 0%
   Figure 4-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site
         Releases, 1996: Textile Mill Products
                    (SIC Code 22)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from
Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
                                                        Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
million pounds of toluene. This industry's transfers to
disposal included 104,000 pounds of antimony
compounds.

Forms reporting more than one SIC code in SIC code
22 reported 1.5 million pounds of total on- and off-
site releases. These multiple-codes forms reported 1.1
million pounds of air emissions. This group had the
largest surface water discharges (150,000 pounds)
and also accounted for most of the sector's on-site
land releases (158,000 pounds). Taking into account
reporting errors previously described, the
miscellaneous finishing plants industry (SIC code
2269) reported 1.08 million pounds of total releases,
entirely as air emissions.

Figure 4-2 shows the distribution of on- and off-site
releases for the industries (four-digit SIC code) with
the sector's largest releases.
                12,000,000
                10,000,000-
                 8,000,000 -
                 6,000,000 -
                 4,000,000 -
                 2,000,000 -
                           B Transfers Off-site to Disposal

                           • Other On-site Land Releases

                           H RCRA Subtitle C Landfills

                           D UIJ, Class II-V Wells

                           H UIJ, Class I Wells

                           H Surface Water
                           2295
                                  Mult.
                                          2269
                                                 2284
                                                        2221
                                                                2273
                                                                       2296
                                                                               2211
                                                                                      2262
                                                                                             2261
                  Figure 4-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest
                            Releases, 1996: Textile Mill  Products (SIC Code 22)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal). UU = underground injection. Forms with
more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code 2269. The facility
should have reported under SIC code 2869. The incorrectly reported amount was 51,735 pounds of total releases. Another facility incorrectly reported 393,101
pounds of total releases under SIC code 2269. The correct amount is 42,493 pounds. Accounting for these two facility errors, the total releases rank of SIC code
2269 changes from 3 to 4.
                                                                                                              Ill
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            Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
  Other On-site Waste Management

  Table 4-4 shows the other on-site waste
  management reported in the textile mills sector.
  More than half of the sector's total of 42.0 million
  pounds of other on-site waste management was
  reported as treated on-site (23.6 million pounds);
  this quantity includes  10.7 million pounds reported
  In error, as noted above. A total of 13.1 million
  pounds was reported in on-site recycling, including
  4.4 million pounds reported in error, also as noted
  above. The sector also reported 5.3 million pounds
  of on-site energy recovery. Figure 4-3 illustrates
  this distribution of types of on-site waste
  management.
                                   Recycled
                                    On-site
                                    31.1%
Treated
On-site
 56.2%
                                     Energy Recovery
                                        On-site
                                         12.7%
   Figure 4-3.  Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste
 Management, 1996: Textile Mill Products (SIC Code 22)
                                                           Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
Table 4-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996:  Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
2269
2295
2262

2297
2273
2296
2231
2299
2261

2221
2284
2257
2253
2211
2259
2258
2251
2252
2254
2281
2282
2298

Industry
Finishing Plants, nee*
Coated Fabrics, Not Rubberized
Finishing Plants, Manmade
Multiple within SIC Code 22
Nonwoven Fabrics
Carpels & Rugs
Tire Cord & Fabrics
Broadwovcn Fabric Mills, Wool
Textile Goods, ncc*
Finishing Plants, Cotton
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 22
Broadwovcn Fabric Mills, Manmade
Thread Mills
Weft Knit Fabric Mills
Knit Outerwear Mills
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton
Knitting Mills, nee*
Lace & Warp Knit Fabric Mills
Women's Hosiery, Except Socks
Hosiery, nee*
Knit Underwear Mills
Yam Spinning Mills
Throwing & Winding Mills
Cordage & Twine
Total for SIC Code 22
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
6,282,304
1,982,438
3,849,529
303,000
520,839
6,000
0
0
5,000
9,000
0
82,273
0
38,476
0
0
6,800
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13,085,659
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
981,867
3,221,289
1,114,500
3
0
0
0
0
0
9,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,326,659 	
Treated
On-site
Pounds
13,062,801
4,691,918
123,240
3,172,451
350,200
645,381
447,621
388,371
347,045
123,048
126,484
20,346
77,022
18,322
23,000
10,037
0
495
0
0
0
0
0
0
23,627,782
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
20,326,972
9,895,645
5,087,269
3,475,454
871,039
651,381
447,621
388,371
352,045
141,048
126,484
102,619
77,022
56,798
23,000
10,037
6,800
495
0
0
0
0
0
0
42,040,100
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the
"multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code 2269. The facility should have reported under SIC code 2869. The incorrectly reported
amounts were K follows: 4,426,812 pounds of recycling on-site, 10,475 pounds of treatment on-site and 4,437,287 pounds of total other on-site waste
management. Another facility incorrectly reported 10,679,852 pounds of treatment on-site and total on-site waste management in SIC code 2269 for 1996. The
correct amount is 0 pounds. Accounting for these two facility errors, the rank of SIC code 2269 for total on-site waste management changes from 1 to 2.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 112
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                                                    Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
 Miscellaneous finishing plants (SIC code 2269)
 reported the largest amounts of on-site recycling
 and on-site treatment in the textile mills sector, but
 these data included the reporting errors discussed
 earlier in this chapter. Taking these errors into
 account, finishing of manmade fabrics (SIC code
 2262) ranked first for on-site recycling with 3.8
 million pounds, and coated fabrics (SIC code 2295)
 ranked first for on-site treatment with 4.7 million
 pounds. Coated fabrics ranked second for on-site
 recycling with 2.0 million pounds, and the
 multiple-codes group  ranked second for on-site
 treatment with 3.2  million pounds.

 Coated fabrics (SIC code 2295) reported the largest
 amount of on-site energy recovery, 3.2 million
 pounds. Finishing of manmade fabrics (SIC code
 2262) was second with 1.1 million pounds.
Figure 4-4 illustrates the distribution of on-site
waste management reporting for the top industries
in this sector.

Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

Reporting of transfers off-site for further waste
management in the textile mills sector was more
diverse than was the case for on- and off-site
releases and other on-site waste management. The
total of such transfers was 5.8 million pounds. As
shown in Table 4-5, the sector reported 2.3 million
pounds of transfers to POTWs  (39.8% of total
transfers for further waste management), 1.9
million pounds to energy recovery (33.5%), and 1.0
million pounds to recycling (17.6%). The category
with the smallest reported transfers was treatment,
with 524,000 pounds (9.1% of  the total transfers).
                 25,000,000
                 20,000,000 -
                 15,000,000 -
               I
               <£
                 10,000,000 -
                  5,000,000 -
                D Treated

                • Energy Recovery

                f^ Recycled
                          2269
                                 2295
                                       2262
                                              MuK.
                                                    2297
                                                           2273
                                                                 2296
                                                                        2231
                                                                              2299
                                                                                    2261
       Figure 4-4.  TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                                   Textile Mill Products (SIC Code 22)
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC Code 22 are assigned to the
"multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code 2269. The facility should have reported under SIC code 2869. The incorrectly reported
amounts were as follows: 4,426,812 pounds of recycling on-site, 10,475 pounds of treatment on-site and 4,437,287 pounds of total other on-site waste
management. Another facility incorrectly reported 10,679,852 pounds of treatment on-site and total on-site waste management in SIC code 2269 for 1996. The
correct amount is 0 pounds. Accounting for these two facility errors, the rank of SIC code 2269 for total on-site waste management changes from 1 to 2.
                                                                                                       113
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             Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products

  Table 4-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
2295
2269

2261
2273
2221
2284
2211
2252
2299
2262
2257
2231
2254
2296
2282
2253
2258
2297
2298
2259
2251
2281


Industry
Coaled Fabrics, Not Rubberized
Finishing Plants, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 22
Finishing Plants, Cotton
Carpels & Rugs
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade
Thread Mills
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton
Hosiery, nee*
Textile Goods, nee*
Finishing Plants, Manmade
Weft Knit Fabric Mills
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool
Knit Underwear Mills
Tire Cord & Fabrics
Throwing & Winding Mills
Knit Outerwear Mills
Lace & Warp Knit Fabric Mills
Nonwoven Fabrics
Cordage & Twine
Knitting Mills, nee*
Women's Hosiery, Except Socks
Yam Spinning Mills
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 22
Total for SIC Code 22
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
637,305
331,005
0
0
336
43,230
2,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,013,876
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
1,429,441
397,046
2,649
0
0
16,400
63,262
0
0
7,875
0
0
0
0
0
6,327
0
0
0
3,069
0
0
0
0
1,926,069
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
337,052
94,078
13,757
0
842
30
3,200
0
0
0
4,455
50,288
5,172
0
12,491
0
0
0
2,574
0
0
0
0
0
523,939
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
10,785
105,059
738,541
424,132
264,074
109,260
92,102
152,400
108,891
86,444
75,149
22,005
20,635
24,153
7,205
12,817
17,738
14,000
2,137
0
38
0
0
0
2,287,565
Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Off-site
Transfers
for Further
Waste
Management
Pounds
2,414,583
927,188
754,947
424,132
265,252
168,920
160,564
152,400
108,891
94,319
79,604
72,293
25,807
24,153
19,696
19,144
17,738
14,000
4,711
3,069
38
0
0
0
5,751,449
 Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
 transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple"
 category.
 *ncc: not elsewhere classified.
                                     To Recycling
                                       17.6%
   To POTWs
     39.8%
                                           To Energy
                                            Recovery
                                            33.5%
             To Treatment
                9.1%
    Figure 4-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for
  Further Waste Management, 1996: Textile Mill Products
                     (SIC Code 22)
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6
(excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
Figure 4-5 shows the distribution of these types of
transfers off-site.

The textile milling industry with the largest
transfers off-site for further waste management was
coated fabrics (SIC code 2295), with a total of 2.4
million pounds. Miscellaneous finishing plants
(SIC code 2269) was second, with 927,000 pounds.
Both industries reported amounts in all four types
of transfers off-site for further waste management,
and for both industries, transfers to energy recovery
was the largest type (1.4 million pounds for the
coated fabrics industry and 397,000 pounds for the
miscellaneous finishing plants).

Forms with multiple SIC codes within SIC code 22
ranked third for transfers off-site for further waste
management, with 755,000 pounds, which was
principally comprised of transfers to POTWs.
  114
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                                                  Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
              3,000,000
              2,500,000 -
              2,000,000 -
              1,500,000-
              1,000,000 -
                500,000 •
       • Other Off-site Transfers

       HToPOTWs

       D To Treatment

       D To Energy Recovery

       • To Recycling
                                                                             ESS   ESS3
                       2295
                              2269
                                     Mult.
                                           2261
                                                  2273
                                                         2221
                                                               2284
                                                                      2211
                                                                             2252
                                                                                   2299
  Figure 4-6.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals,
                              1996: Textile Mill Products (SIC Code 22)
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other off-site transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple"
category.
Figure 4-6 illustrates the distribution of off-site
transfers for further waste management for the top
industries in this sector.

1996 TRI  Data by  State for
Textile  Mill  Products

Table 4-6 presents summary data for the textile
mills sector by state. Historically centered in New
England, a substantial segment of the sector has
migrated to the southeast. More than 10% of the
forms in this sector were submitted in each of three
states: North Carolina (117 forms, 17.8% of the
total), South Carolina (86 forms, 13.1%), and
Georgia (78 forms, 11.9%).
Other states, however, ranked first for the largest
total releases and largest amounts of total
production-related waste in this sector.

The largest total on- and off-site releases were
reported in Mississippi, with 4.0 million pounds, or
23.0% of the sector's total releases.  Mississippi
also had the largest on-site releases, 3.9 million
pounds, or 23.3% of the sector's total on-site
releases. North Carolina was second in both
categories, with 2.8 million pounds  of total
releases, including 2.7 million pounds of on-site
releases. These amounts were 15.9% of the sector's
total in these categories. Tennessee was third with
1.7 million pounds in both total releases and on-site
releases, approximately 10% of these categories.
                                                                                                 115
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             Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
 Table 4-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22
State
Alabama
Arkansas
California
Connecticut
Florid*
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Kentucky
Miine
Midland
Mtsttchujcits
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Now Hampshire
New Jcrjey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rko
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vennom
Virginia
Wwhlngton
Wisconsin
Total for SIC Code 22
Total
Facilities
Number
13
3
7
8
1
47
3
1
2
2
3
19
2
1
3
1
2
16
5
63
10
1
1
7
1
9
38
6
5
1
17
2
2
307
Total
Forms
Number
32
9
15
19
I
78
5
2
3
3
6
50
2
4
11
I
2
32
8
117
31
1
2
10
6
31
86
18
6
1
52
5
8
657
Form As
Number
7
0
0
0
0
10
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
3
1
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
35
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
583,708
79,202
143,701
390,693
1,262
780,146
99,700
31,481
28,788
10,904
145,544
677,259
43,109
124,940
3,930,020
11,641
12,858
131,942
55,320
2,677,248
1,380,418
0
35,750
92,731
6,060
679,633
1,347,117
1,717,401
16,605
3,320
755,549
33,131
838,201
16,865,382
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
45,345
44,935
0
0
0
9,228
0
0
0
0
0
25,637
0
0
51,450
0
0
0
0
80,268
43,070
0
0
9,604
0
1,700
38,083
21,268
0
0
78,691
0
12,869
462,148
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
629,053
124,137
143,701
390,693
1,262
789,374
99,700
31,481
28,788
10,904
145,544
702,896
43,109
124,940
3,981,470
11,641
12,858
131,942
55,320
2,757,516
1,423,488
0
35,750
102,335
6,060
681,333
1,385,200
1,738,669
16,605
3,320
834,240
33,131
851,070
17,327,530
Total Transfers
Total Other Off-site for
On-site Waste Further Waste
Management Management
Pounds Pounds
483,766
165,113
1,179,406
1,966,576
240,000
911,711
0
0
520,839
330
49,503
4,041,110
0
645,482
2,111,300
12,207
42,750
554,119
50,625
3,414,418
1,707,996
0
0
3,612,134
23,000
1,691,595
5,732,725
10,959,439
277,225
19,000
1,472,321
18,130
137,280
42,040,100
102,274
8,610
451,625
82,139
0
424,705
50,405
0
525
20,130
194,941
564,822
8,101
91,354
146,870
0
255
173,690
3,069
1,297,922
343,122
0
0
42,081
101
114,720
807,752
268,707
42,661
5
121,297
377,977
11,589
5,751,449
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
1,202,129
269,036
1,775,255
2,439,153
241,257
2,024,771
150,300
31,481
550,557
31,164
378,563
5,281,702
50,947
861,776
6,217,668
12,207
57,899
795,535
93,191
7,516,495
3,462,172
0
36,000
3,756,335
29,061
2,155,113
7,934,733
12,966,969
332,759
22,300
2,507,278
429,238
996,023
64,609,067
350
0
200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
118
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
490
0
0
1,158
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).  One
facility in South Carolina reported incorrectly in SIC code 22 for 1996. The facility should have reported in SIC code 28.  The incorrectly reported amounts were
as follows: 51,735 pounds of total releases, 4,437,287 pounds of other on-site waste management, 61,342 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste
management and 4,552,414 pounds of total production-related waste. The rank of South Carolina for total other on-site waste management changes from 2 to 10
and for total production-related waste from 2 to 7. Another facility, in Rhode Island, incorrectly reported 393,101 pounds of total releases. The correct amount is
42,493 pounds. One facility in Ohio incorrectly reported 10,679,852 pounds of other on-site waste management and total production-related waste. The rank of
Ohio for total other on-site waste management changes from 1 to 14 and for total production-related waste changes from 1 to 9.
 The largest off-site releases (transfers to disposal)
 were reported in North Carolina (80,000 pounds),
 Virginia (79,000 pounds), and Mississippi (51,000
 pounds).

 Excluding reporting errors, Massachusetts ranked
 first for on-site waste management, with a total of
 4.0 million pounds. Pennsylvania followed with 3.6
 million pounds and North Carolina with 3.4 million
 pounds. Ranking first for total production-related
waste was North Carolina, with 7.5 million pounds.
Other states where production-related waste was
reported in large quantities in this sector were
Mississippi with 6.2 million pounds and
Massachusetts with 5.3 million pounds.

For transfers off-site for further waste management,
North Carolina reported the largest amount, 1.3
million pounds. South Carolina reported 746,000
pounds (excluding a reporting error) and
 116
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                                               Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Massachusetts 565,000 pounds, placing them
second and third in this category.

Map 4-1 illustrates the geographic distribution of
total on- and off-site releases in the textile mills
sector.

1996 TRI  Data  by

Chemical for Textile Mill

Products

The 15 chemicals  with the largest on- and off-site
releases in the textile mills sector appear in Table
4-7. -Releases of these chemicals totaled 15.7
million pounds, or 90.7% of all releases reported in
textile milling. The majority of this reporting was
for air emissions, which totaled 15.0 million
pounds. Air emissions accounted for 85% or more
of the releases of 13 of the 15 chemicals. Surface
water discharges were 317,000 pounds, and other
on-site land releases were 158,000 pounds. Off-site
releases (transfers to disposal) of 203,000 pounds
were reported for these chemicals.

The chemical with the largest total releases was
methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), with 5.7 million
pounds. Ranking second and third were toluene
with 3.7 million pounds and methanol with 2.4
million pounds. Air emissions accounted for nearly
100% of the releases of all three chemicals. All
three are widely used in fabric coating and are also
used in finishing operations. One facility in the
coated fabrics industry reported air emissions of 2.8
million pounds of MEK, used in printing processes.
This facility is changing to water-based inks and
phasing out this use of MEK (see "Facilities with
Largest Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-
1996," later in this chapter.)

The two chemicals with large releases other than air
emissions were nitrate compounds and antimony
compounds. For nitrate compounds, which had total
releases of 444,000 pounds, discharges to surface
water were 284,000 pounds and other on-site land
releases were 158,000 pounds. Forms with multiple
SIC codes in SIC code 22 reported the largest
amounts of nitrate compounds in both categories:
117,000 pounds of the surface water discharges and
all of the other on-site land releases. For antimony
compounds, with 174,000 pounds of total releases,
the primary type of release was off-site (transfers to
disposal). Antimony trioxide is used in the textile
industry as a flame retardant in fabrics. Antimony
compounds may also be used  as solvents. The
coated fabrics industry (SIC code 2295) reported
104,000 pounds of the off-site releases of antimony
compounds.

OSHA Carcinogens

On- and off-site releases of chemicals designated as
OSHA carcinogens totaled 1.0 million pounds in
the textile mills sector in 1996. This was  5.9% of
the sector's total on- and off-site releases, a smaller
percentage than in many sectors that report to TRI.
Table 4-8 shows the releases of these chemicals by
four-digit industry in this sector. (OSHA
carcinogens and the bases for  their designation
appear in Box 1-9 in Chapter  1.) Thread mills (SIC
code 2284) reported the largest releases of OSHA
carcinogens in this sector, 273,000 pounds.
Miscellaneous finishing plants (SIC code 2269)
reported 164,000 pounds, ranking second, and
coated fabrics (SIC code 2295), reported  119,000
pounds, ranking third.

Two of the top 15 chemicals for total releases in
this sector were OSHA carcinogens:
dichloromethane and trichloroethylene. Total
releases of these two chemicals were 469,000
pounds and 157,000 pounds, respectively (see
Table 4-7). OSHA carcinogens with the next-
largest amounts released on- and off-site  were
formaldehyde with 107,000 pounds,
N,N-dimethylformamide with 98,000 pounds, and
styrene with 87,000 pounds.
                                                                                            117
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          Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
                                                                                                    PS

                                                                                                    a


                                                                                                    £
                                                                                                    C4-H
                                                                                                    O
                                                                                                    •a

                                                                                                    §

                                                                                                    OS
                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                    I
118
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                                                                Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Table 4-7.  The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Textile Mill Products,
SIC Code 22 (in Rank Order)
CAS
Number
78-93-3
108-88-3
67-56-1
7664-41-7
108-10-1
1330-20-7
75-09-2
-
872-50-4
91-20-3
—
—
79-01-6
107-21-1
110-54-3


Chemical
Methyl ethyl ketone
Toluene
Methanol
Ammonia
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Dichloromethane
Nitrate compounds
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Naphthalene
Antimony compounds
Glycol ethers
Trichloroethylene
Ethylene glycol
n-Hexane
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 22
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
5,672,423
3,648,784
2,387,251
765,182
510,132
505,752
468,680
500
290,774
215,666
1,188
161,027
156,528
130,119
123,765
15,037,771
16,342,885
On-site Land Releases
Surface Underground Injection RCRA Other
Water Class I Class II-V Subtitle C On-site Land
Discharges Wells Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
250
5
1,650
6,894
0
1,669
0
284,407
26
5,100
1,157
4,891
0
11,150
0
317,199
348,877
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
158,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
158,000
173,620
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
5,672,673
3,648,789
2,388,901
772,076
510,132
507,421
468,680
442,907
290,800
220,766
2,345
165,918
156,528
141,269
123,765
15,512,970
16,865,382
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
9,400
2,200
665
4,953
250
0
0
1,401
1,099
0
171,987
250
0
10,800
0
203,005
462,148
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
5,682,073
3,650,989
2,389,566
777,029
510,382
507,421
468,680
444,308
291,899
220,766
174,332
166,168
156,528
152,069
123,765
15,715,975
17,327,530
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. One facility reported incorrectly
in SIC code 22 for 1996. The facility should have reported in SIC code 28. The incorrectly reported amount was 51,735 pounds of total releases of xylene (mixed
isomers). The total releases rank of xylene (mixed isomers) changes from 6 to 7.


Table 4-8.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Textile Mill Products, SIC
Code 22 (in Rank Order)
On-site Land Releases
Surface Underground Injection
SIC
Code
2284
2269
2295
2221
2262

2273
2257
2297
2261
2299
2296
2298
2231
2282
2253


Industry
Thread Mills
Finishing Plants, nee*
Coated Fabrics, Not Rubberized
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade
Finishing Plants, Manmade
Multiple within SIC Code 22
Carpets & Rugs
Weft Knit Fabric Mills
Nonwoven Fabrics
Finishing Plants, Cotton
Textile Goods, nee*
Tire Cord & Fabrics
Cordage & Twine
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool
Throwing & Winding Mills
Knit Outerwear Mills
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 22
RCRA
Other
Total Air Water Class I Class II-V Subtitle C On-site Land
Emissions Discharges Wells Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
272,595
163,878
86,344
98,734
91,142
80,710
39,388
40,000
21,188
20,702
19,800
13,995
15,132
11,754
10,500
171
986,033
16,342,885
0
0
0
0
0
100
660
0
0 .
0
0
0
0
187
0
0
947
348,877
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
; o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
173,620
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
272,595
163,878
86,344
98,734
91,142
80,810
40,048
40,000
21,188
20,702
19,800
13,995
15,132
11,941
10,500
171
986,980
16,865,382
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
0
0
32,558
0
0
340
390
0
0
0
0
1,849
0
0
0
0
35,137
462,148
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
272,595
163,878
118,902
98,734
91,142
81,150
40,438
40,000
21,188
20,702
19,800
15,844
15,132
11,941
10,500
171
1,022,117
17,327,530
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                             119
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          Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
              300.000
              250,000
              200,000-
              150,000-
              100,000-
               50,000-
    D Transfers Off-site to Disposal
      Other On-site Land Releases
    El RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
    Q UIJ, Class II-V Wells
      UIJ, Class I Wells
      Surface Water
                         2284
                                      2269
                                                   2295
                                                                2221
                                                                             2262
    Figure 4-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with Largest
                         Totals, 1996:  Textile Mill Products (SIC Code 22)
Note: On-silc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) for Form R. UIJ = underground injection.
Figure 4-7 illustrates the on- and off-site releases of
the four-digit SIC codes with the largest OSHA
carcinogen releases.

1996 TRI  Chemicals  in

Waste for Textile Mill

Products

The textile mills sector reported total production-
related waste in 1996 of 64.6 million pounds, as
shown in Table 4-9. The waste management
reported in the largest amount was on-site
treatment, with 23.6 million pounds. As noted
earlier in this chapter, this included  10.7 million
pounds, identified as a reporting error. The sector
also reported 13.1 million pounds of on-site
recycling, including a 4.4 million-pound reporting
error.
Quantities reported as released on- and off-site
were 16.8 million pounds. Other waste
management types each accounted for 5 million
pounds or less of the total. Figure 4-8 illustrates the
distribution of waste management types in this
sector.


Coated fabrics (SIC code 2295) reported the largest
quantities of total  production-related waste (22.5
million pounds) and the largest quantities of on-
and off-site releases (10.1 million pounds). This
industry's reporting accounted for 60.0% of the
sector's quantities released.


Distribution of production-related waste for the top
industries in the sector appears in Figure 4-9.
120
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                                                        Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Table 4-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22
(in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
2295
2269

2262
2273
2284
2297
2221
2296
2261
2299
2231
2211

2258
2257
2298
2252
2282
2253
2254
2259
2281
2251

Industry
Coated Fabrics, Not Rubberized
Finishing Plants, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 22
Finishing Plants, Manmade
Carpets & Rugs
Thread Mills
Nonwoven Fabrics
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade
Tire Cord & Fabrics
Finishing Plants, Cotton
Textile Goods, nee*
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 22
Lace & Warp Knit Fabric Mills
Weft Knit Fabric Mills
Cordage & Twine
Hosiery, nee*
Throwing & Winding Mills
Knit Outerwear Mills
Knit Underwear Mills
Knitting Mills, nee*
Yarn Spinning Mills
Women's Hosiery, Except Socks
Total for SIC Code 22
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
1,982,438
6,282,304
303,000
3,849,529
6,000
0
520,839
82,273
0
9,000
5,000
0
0
0
0
38,476
0
0
0
0
0
6,800
0
0
13,085,659
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
3,221,289
981,867
3
1,114,500
0
0
0
0
0
9,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,326,659
Treated
On-site
Pounds
4,691,918
13,062,801
3,172,451
123,240
645,381
77,022
350,200
20,346
447,621
123,048
347,045
388,371
10,037
126,484
495
18,322
0
0
0
23,000
0
0
0
0
23,627,782
Recycled
Off -site
Pounds
632,699
331,000
0
0
0
0
0
1 10,491
6,027
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,080,217
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
1,469,329
399,096
2,649
0
0
63,254
0
16,400
0
0
7,875
0
0
0
0
0
3,069
0
6,237
0
0
0
0
0
1,967,909
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
348,260
192,882
750,527
85,561
263,741
83,992
4,846
109,033
7,261
457,601
85,796
25,525
152,645
0
14,000
22,375
0
17,891
12,677
17,144
24,153
0
0
0
2,675,910
Quantity
Released
On- and
Off-site
Pounds
10,107,815
1,115,805
1,334,155
326,885
473,428
1,085,060
167,625
515,093
369,017
220,346
189,894
138,223
343,516
18,539
104,802
40,086
106,331
91,120
54,874
22,403
0
7,433
12,300
181
16,844,931
Total Non- .
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
22,453,748
22,365,755
5,562,785
5,499,715
1,388,550
1,309,328
1,043,510
853,636
829,926
818,995
635,610
552,119
506,198
145,023
119,297
119,259
109,400
109,01 1
73,788
62,547
24,153
14,233
12,300
181
64,609,067
0
0
468
0
0
0
0
0
490
0
0
0
0
200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,158
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility
reported incorrectly in SIC code 2269 for 1996. The facility should have reported in SIC code 2869. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 4,426,812
pounds of recycling on-site and 4,552,414 pounds of total production-related waste. The rank for recycling on-site for SIC code 2269 changes from 1 to 4.
Another facility incorrectly reported 10,679,852 pounds of treatment on-site and total production-related waste under SIC code 2269. The correct amount is 0
pounds. The rank for treatment on-site of SIC code 2269 changes from 1 to 3.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
         Quantity Released
             26.1%
  Off-site Waste
   Management
     8.9%
                                           On-site Waste
                                           Management
                                             65.1%
  Figure 4-8.  Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste,
         1996: Textile Mill Products (SIC Code 22)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
Projected Quantities of TRI
Chemicals in Waste

As shown in Table 4-10, waste management
quantities in the textile mills sector were projected
to decrease 7.3% by 1998. (As explained in Chapter
1, facilities not only report current data but project
waste management quantities for the next two years
in their TRI submissions.) Forms in this sector
reported total production-related waste of 64.6
million pounds in 1996 and projected total
production-related waste of 59.9 million pounds in
1998. These projections, however, include the two
forms that represent large reporting errors in this
sector for on-site recycling and on-site treatment.
                                                                                                              121
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          Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
    100%
    80%
    60% •
    40% •
    20% •   =
         2295
                      H Quantity Released

                      • Treated Off-site

                      M Energy Recovery Off-site

                      D Recycled Off-site

                      0 Treated On-site

                      S Energy Recovery On-site

                      B Recycled On-site
                2269
                      Mult.
                            2262
                                   2273
                                         2284
                                               2297
                                                      2221
                                                            2296
                                                                  2261
     Figure 4-9. Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                                 Textile Mill Products (SIC Code 22)
Note: D«a from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC Code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
Excluding the data from those two forms, total
production-related waste for the textile mills sector
would decrease 12.7% from 49.4 million pounds in
1996 to a projected 43.1 million pounds in 1998.
The great majority of this projected 6.3 million-
pound reduction was expected in quantities released
on- and off-site. The projection for this category
was a decrease of 5.8 million pounds.

Figure 4-10 illustrates the projected percentage
changes in waste management hi this sector.

When data from the two reporting errors are
excluded, the quantities released for this sector are
projected to decrease from one-third (34.0%) of the
1996 total production-related waste to one-fourth
(25.4%) of the total in 1998. This indicates that
improvement is expected in the textile mills
sector's management of TRI chemicals in waste, as
measured by the waste management hierarchy,
explained in Chapter 1. In the terms of the
hierarchy, release or disposal is the least
environmentally desirable option.

Source Reduction Activity

Of the 657 forms submitted by the textile mills
sector, 144 reported undertaking one or more
source reduction activities in 1996. Reporting of
source reduction activities in this sector appears in
Table 4-11.

In the coated fabrics industry (SIC code 2295), 58
forms reported source reduction activity, more than
one-third (36.7%) of the forms submitted in this
industry. In the miscellaneous finishing plants
industry (SIC code 2669), 19 forms indicated
source reduction activity, which was 28.4% of the
industry's forms. These were the industries with the
largest number of such forms.
122
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                                                                   Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Table 4-10.  Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals In Waste, 1996-1998:  Textile Mill Products,
SIC Code 22
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 22
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 22
Current Year 1996
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
13,085,659 20.3
5,326,659 8.2
23,627,782 36.6
1,080,217 1.7
1,967,909 3.0
2,675,910 4.1
16,844,931 26.1
64,609,067 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1997
Percent
2.3
2.9
7.0
3.4
-15.1
-7.8
-19.3
-2.5
Projected 1997
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
13,388,910 21.3
5,483,169 8.7
25,282,626 40.1
1,117,078 1.8
1,670,560 2.7
2,467,935 3.9
13,590,168 21.6
63,000,446 100.0
Projected Change
1997-1998
Percent
-5.6
2.4
0.7
2.0
-4.6
0.2
-19.1
-4.9
Projected 1998
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
12,637,308 21.1
5,612,342 9.4
25,452,438 42.5
1,139,546 1.9
1,593,535 2.7
2,471,827 4.1
10,996,882 18.4 .
59,903,878 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1998
Percent
-3.4
5.4
7.7
5.5
-19.0
-7.6
-34.7
-7.3
 Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 22 for 1996. The
 facility should have reported in SIC code 28.  The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 4,426,812 pounds of recycling on-site, 63,392 pounds of energy
 recovery off-site, 10,475 pounds of treatment on-site and 51,735 pounds of quantity released on- and off-site for 1996 and projections of 4,500,000 pounds of
 recycling on-site, 60,000 pounds of energy recovery off-site, 10,000 pounds of treatment on-site and 50,000 pounds of quantity released on- and off-site for 1997
 and 1998. Another facility incorrectly reported 10,679,852 pounds of treatment on-site for 1996 and projected 12,016,010 pounds for 1997 and 12,200,000
 pounds for 1998. The correct amounts are 0 pounds. The percentage change from 1996 to 1997 in recycling on-site changes from 2.3% to 2.7%, in treatment on-
 site changes from 7.0% to 2.5%, and in total production-related waste changes from -2.5% to -6.1%. The percentage change from 1997 to 1998 in recycling on-site
 changes from -5.6% to -8.5%, hi treatment on-site changes from 0.7% to -0.1%, and in total production-related waste changes from -4.9% to -7.1%. The
 percentage change  from 1996 to 1998 in recycling on-site changes from -3.4% to -6.0%, in treatment on-site changes from 7.7% to 2.4%, and in total production-
 related waste changes from -7.5% to -12.7%.
                                                                                                                                     123
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              Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
                           On-sita Waste
                            Management
Off-site Waste
 Management
     Quantity
    Released
On- and Off-site
Total Production-
  related Waste
    Figure 4-10.  Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
   	Textile Mill Products (SIC Code 22)
 Note: Current year and projected year amount are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 22 for 1996. The faci-
 lity should have reported in SIC code 28. Another facility incorrectly reported amounts and projections for on-site treatment.  (See note on Table 4-10.) The per-
 centage change from 1996 to 1997 in on-site waste management changes from 5.0% to 2.6% and in total production-related waste changes from -2.5% to -6.1%. The
 percentage change from 1996 to 1998 in on-site waste management changes from 4.0% to 0.3% and in total production-related waste changes from -7.3% to -12.7%.

 Table 4-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996:  Textile  Mill Products, SIC Code 22
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activities
SIC
Code
2211
2221
2231
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
2258
2259
2261
2262
2269
2273
2281
2282
2284
2295
22%
2297
2298
2299



Total
Industry Forms
Number
Brotdwovcn Fabric Mills, Cotton
Brotdwoven Fabric Mills, Manrrade
Brewdwovcn Fabric Mills, Wool
Women's Hosiery. Except Socks
Hosiery, nee*
Knit Outerwear Mills
Knit Underwear Mills
Weft Knit Fabric Mills
Lace & Warp Knit Fabric Mills
Knitting Mills, nee*
Finishing Plants, Cotton
Finishing Plants, Manmade
Finishing Plants, nee*
Carpels & Rugs
Yarn Spinning Mills
Throwing & Winding Mills
Thread Mills
Coaled Fabrics, Not Rubberized
Ttre Cord & Fabrics
Nonwowa Fabrics
Cordage & Twine
Textile Goods, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 22
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 22
Total for SIC Code 22
19
22
25
3
4
13
1
3
3
2
34
34
67
59
2
5
9
158
25
12
5
27
120
5
657
Percent of Of
All Forms P
Number Percent
0
6
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
9
19
10
0
1
6
58
2
3
0
6
14
0
144
0.0
27.3
16.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
33.3
100.0
8.8
26.5
28.4
16.9
0.0
20.0
66.7
36.7
8.0
25.0
0.0
22.2
11.7
0.0
21.9
Category of Source Reduction Activity
Raw Surface
Good Spill Material Process Cleaning Preparation Product
erating Inventory and Leak Modifi- Modifi- and and Modifi-
ractices Control Prevention cations cations Degreasing Finishing cations
Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number
0
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
9
0
0
1
2
28
0
3
0
1
2
0
58
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
1
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
3
0
10
0
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
4
8
6
0
0
1
14
0
0
0
4
6
0
52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
3
0
0
1
17
0
0
0
0
3
0
27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
7
0
0
0
0
2
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
2
7
2
0
0
0
3
0
16
Note:  Fbrms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc:  not elsewhere classified.
 124
-------
                                              Chapter 4 — TR1 Data for Textile Mill Products
In both these industries, as in the sector as a whole,
good operating practices was the source reduction
activity most often reported. In the coated fabrics
industry, process modifications was the next most
frequent activity indicated. For miscellaneous
finishing plants, raw material modifications ranked
second, as shown in Table 4-11.

Year-to-Year

Comparisons  for Textile

Mill  Products

1995-1996 TRI Data for Textile Mill
Products

From 1995 to 1996, the number of forms submitted
in the textile mills sector decreased 11.9% from
746 forms to 657. Submissions of both Form Rs
and Form As declined, as shown in Table 4-12. In
most of the other sectors reporting to TRI, the
number of Form As increased. (The Form A
certification statement is explained in Chapter  1.)

 On- and Off-site Releases

Table 4-12 shows the textile mills sector's
reporting of on- and off-site releases in 1995 and
 1996. Total releases for the sector decreased 6.3%,
 from 18.5 million pounds in 1995 to 17.3 million
 pounds in 1996. Figure 4-11 displays the
 percentage change from 1995 to 1996 in the types
 of release.

 The largest reduction in absolute terms, 1.3 million
 pounds, occurred in reported air emissions.
 Decreases in both fugitive and point source
 emissions contributed to this reduction. Among
 other on-site release types, both surface water
 discharges and on-site land releases showed small
 increases. A small  decrease was reported in off-site
 releases (transfers to disposal).
Other On-site Waste Management

All three methods of other on-site waste
management showed increases from 1995 to 1996
in textile mills reporting. Total other on-site waste
management was 32.6 million pounds in 1995 and
42.0 million pounds in 1996, an increase of 29.0%.
These data also appear in Table 4-12. The largest
change, in both pounds and percent, was reported in
on-site treatment, which increased from 17.0
million pounds to 23.6 million pounds, a 39.4%
increase. However, the facility that erroneously
reported on-site treatment of sulfuric acid in 1996
did not report in 1995; thus the 1995-1996 change
reflects an apparent increase for one form from no
data in 1995 to 10.7 million pounds in 1996.
Another facility also reported a smaller amount
(11,000 pounds) of on-site treatment in error. When
adjusted for these reporting errors, on-site treatment
shows a decrease of 23.7%.

On-site recycling increased from 10.7 million
pounds to 13.1 million pounds, or 22.2%. This
category also reflects an apparent increase from  a
reporting error, from no data in 1995 to 4.4 million
pounds in 1996. Taking this error into account, on-
site recycling decreased 19.1%.

The textile mills sector reported 4.9 million pounds
of on-site energy recovery in 1995 and 5.3 million
pounds in 1996, an increase of 8.2%.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

Table 4-12 also presents  transfers off-site for
further waste management reported in the textile
mills sector in 1995 and  1996. These transfers
decreased from 6.5 million pounds to 5.8 million
pounds during this period, an 11.3% reduction. All
types of off-site transfers for further waste
management decreased, except transfers to
recycling, which rose from 798,000 pounds in 1995
to 1.0 million pounds in  1996. The largest absolute
reduction was reported in transfers to POTWs, from
2.9 million pounds to 2.3 million pounds.
                                                                                            125
-------
               Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
 Table 4-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for
 Further Waste Management, 1995-1996: Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22



Total Facilities
Total Forms
Form Rs
Form As

Oo-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other-Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1995
Number
359
746
695
51
Pounds

17,644,007
3,923,841
13,720,166
268,850
0
6,903
17,919,760

581,734
18,501,494

10,705,090
4,924,870
16,955,300
32,585,260

797,741
2,078,319
731,874
2,877,882
0
6,485,816

1996
Number
307
657
622
35
Pounds

16,342,885
3,217,057
13,125,828
348,877
0
173,620
16,865,382

462,148
17,327,530

13,085,659
5,326,659
23,627,782
42,040,100

1,013,876
1,926,069
523,939
2,287,565
0
5,751,449
Change
1995 to 1996
Percent
-14.5
-11.9
-10.5
-31.4
Percent

-7.4
-18.0
-4.3
29.8
—
2,415.1
-5.9

-20.6
-6.3

22.2
8.2
39.4
29.0

27.1
-7.3
-28.4
-20.5
-
-11.3
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste
Management from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of
Form R. Breakdown of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
WMte management code. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 22 for 1996. The facility should have reported in SIC code 28. The incorrectly reported
amounts were as follows: 4,426,812 pounds of recycling and 10,475 pounds of treatment on-site.  One facility incorrectly reported 10,679,852 pounds of
treatment on-site for 1996. The correct amount is 0 pounds. The percentage change from 1995 to 1996 in recycling on-site changes from 22.2% to -19.1%, in
treatment on-site changes from 39.4% to -23.7%, and in total other on-site waste management changes from 29.0% to -17.4%.
 126
-------
                                                  Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
   3,000
   2,500 -
   2,000 -
   1,500-
   1,000-
    500-
    -500
                 Air
Surface
 Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
 Transfers
   Off-site
to Disposal
            Figure 4-11. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:
                                 Textile Mill Products (SIC Code 22)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995,
 Changes in SIC Codes

 As indicated in facility descriptions below, some
 facilities report different SIC codes over time. This
 may reflect new or discontinued lines of
 production, or it may represent a different
 understanding of how SIC code designations relate
 to a facility's business activities. These changes can
 contribute—sometimes largely—to apparent
 increases or decreases across comparison years in
 the amounts reported by the four-digit, or even two-
 digit, SIC codes.
                   1988-1996 TRI Data for Textile Mill
                   Products

                   As explained in Chapter 1, comparisons from the
                   1988 TRI baseline year to the current year rely on
                   the list of "core" TRI chemicals that were
                   reportable, with the same reporting definition, in all
                   years. These multi-year comparisons also review
                   only the data elements that were collected in all
                   years, which excludes from this section any
                   analysis that distinguishes RCRA subtitle C
                   landfills from other land releases as well as analysis
                   based on the types of underground injection wells.
                                                                                                  127
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          Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
 On-site waste management data and transfers off-
 site to recycling and to energy recovery have been
 collected only since 1991; these data are included,
 but cannot be compared across the full 1988-1996
 period.

 The number of forms submitted by the textile mill
 products decreased from 664 in 1988 to 509 in
 1996, a 23.3% reduction, as shown in Table 4-13.

 From 1988 to 1996, total on- and off-site releases
 reported in SIC code 22 decreased by more than
 half (57.3%). As shown in Table 4-13, the sector
 reported 35.8 million pounds of releases in 1988
 and 15.3 million pounds in 1996. All categories of
 releases decreased by 50.0% or more. The largest
 reduction in pounds was reported in air emissions,
 from 33.6 million pounds in 1988 to 14.8 million
 pounds in 1996, a decrease of 18.8 million pounds.
 Approximately two-thirds of this reduction
 occurred in reporting of point source emissions.
 Smaller absolute reductions were reported in
 surface water discharges (from 468,000 pounds in
 1988 to 58,000 pounds in 1996) and in on-site
 releases (from 80,000 pounds to 16,000 pounds).

 Figure 4-12 displays the percentage reductions in
 on- and off-site releases from 1988 to 1996.

 On-site waste management and transfers off-site for
 recycling or energy recovery were not collected in
 1988. For the 1994-1996 period, the net reduction
 in other on-site waste management in this sector
 was 1.3 million pounds, from 28.6 million pounds
 to 27.3 million pounds. However, the 1996 total
 includes a reporting error of 4.4 million pounds in
 on-site recycling. Taking into account this error,
 on-site waste management decreased by 5.7 million
 pounds, from 28.6 million pounds in 1994 to 22.9
 million pounds in 1996.

 For the types of transfers off-site for further waste
 management that were reported in all years, 1988-
 1996, transfers to treatment decreased from 1.4
million pounds to 512,000 pounds, and transfers to
 POTWs decreased from 9.8 million pounds to 1.7
 million pounds. These were reductions of 62.7%
 and 83.0%, respectively.


 1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in
 Textile Mill Products

 Tables 4-14 through 4-16 summarize data for 1988
 and 1994-1996 for industries at the four-digit SIC
 code level within SIC code 22. The tables present,
 respectively, on- and off-site releases, other on-site
 waste management, and transfers off-site for  further
 waste management.

 On- and Off-site Releases

 Table 4-14 provides release data for 1988 to 1996
 for all four-digit SIC codes in the textile mills
 sector. The largest 1988-1996 increase in on- and
 off-site releases in the textile mills sector was
 reported by the coated fabrics industry (SIC code
 2295). This industry's releases totaled 18.9 million
 pounds in 1988 and 9.7 million pounds in  1996.
 Almost all of this 9.1 million-pound reduction was
 reported in air emissions.

 The multiple-codes group (forms with more than
 one SIC code in SIC code 22) had a 2.3 million-
 pound reduction, from 3.3 million pounds to
 925,000 pounds. Most of this reduction also was
 reported in air emissions. Carpets and rugs (SIC
 code 2273) had a reduction of 2.0 million pounds,
 from 2.3 million pounds in 1988 to 274,000 pounds
 in 1996. More than half of this reduction occurred
 in off-site releases (transfers to disposal) and the
 balance was principally in air emissions.

 Thread mills (SIC code 2284) reported an increase
 in on- and off-site releases of 1.0 million pounds.
 This industry reported 26,000 pounds in 1988 and
 1.1 million pounds in 1996, mostly released to air.
However, reporting of releases by thread mills has
decreased over the last three years. No other
industry in this sector had an increase of more than
 150,000 pounds.
128
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                                                                  Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Table 4-13.  Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for
Further Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996: Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1988
Number
336
664
664
NA
Pounds

33,605,487
9,473,343
24,132,144
468,191
0
79,850
34,153,528

1,644,849
35,798,377

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA :
NA
1,373,980
9,763,696
109,478
NA

1994
Number
328
617
617
NA
Pounds

15,667,454
3,237,526
12,429,928
110,838
4
14,892
15,793,188

553,144
16,346,332

13,274,492
4,001,813
11,335,942
28,612,247

719,188
1,269,996
503,222
2,091,126
0
4,583,532

1995
Number
311
589
548
41
Pounds

15,061,062
3,121,677
11,939,385
74,205
0
6,898
15,142,165

513,442
15,655,607

10,519,581
4,205,406
10,936,222
25,661,209

724,971
1,879,711
553,910
2,037,329
0
5,195,921

1996
Number
259
509
480
29
Pounds

14,756,746
2,775,116
11,981,630
57,550
0
15,620
14,829,916

450,495
15,280,411

13,069,987
4,613,222
9,616,522
27,299,731

905,873
1,691,264
512,220
1,659,240
0
4,768,597
Change
1988 to 1996
Percent
-22.9
-23.3
-27.7
NA
Percent

-56.1
-70.7
-50.3
-87.7
-
-80.4
-56.6

-72.6
-57.3

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
-62.7
-83.0
-100.0
NA
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991, 1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste Management
from Section 8 of Form R.  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown
of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996. For 1994-1996, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code. For 1988, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code or codes not required to be reported in
1988. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 22 for 1996. The facility should have reported in SIC code 28. The incorrectly reported amounts were as
follows:  4,426,812 pounds of recycling on-site, 10,475 pounds of treatment on-site and 4,437,287 pounds of total other on-site waste management. NA: not
required to be reported in that year.
                                                                                                                                129
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          Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
                     Air
                                   Surface
                                    Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
 Transfers
  Off-site
to Disposal
            Figure 4-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996:
                                  Textile Mill Products (SIC Code 22)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-sitc Land Releases not required before 1996.
Other On-site Waste Management

For 1994-1996, the largest reduction in other on-
site waste management in the textile mills sector
was reported by the multiple SIC codes group (on-
site waste management data were not collected in
1988). This group reported 6.4 million pounds of
other on-site waste management in 1994 and 1.9
million pounds in 1996. This 4.5 million-pound
reduction reflected a 3.5 million-pound reduction in
on-site recycling and a 1.0 million-pound reduction
in on-site treatment. The carpet and rug industry
(SIC code 2273) had a reduction of 1.4 million
pounds, from 2.0 million pounds hi 1994 to
648,000 pounds hi 1996. This decrease occurred hi
the reporting of on-site treatment. Coated fabrics
(SIC code 2295) reported a 1.0 million-pound
reduction, from 9.6 miUion pounds hi  1994 to 8.6
    million pounds in 1996. This represented a larger
    reduction in on-site recycling, partly offset by
    increases in on-site energy recovery and treatment.

    The largest reported increase in on-site waste
    management reflected reporting errors, previously
    described, in the miscellaneous finishing plants
    industry (SIC code 2269). Taking into account the
    errors, the industry ranking first for increases in
    other on-site waste management was finishing
    plants, manmade (SIC code 2262). This industry
    reported 4.3 million pounds in 1994 and 5.0 million
    pounds in 1996,  a difference of 670,000 pounds.
    This change consisted of an increase in recycling,
    which was partly offset by decreases in energy
    recovery and treatment. Other industry increases
    for 1994-1996 were less than 100,000 pounds each.
130
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                                                                  Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Table 4-14.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
2211



2221



2231



2241



2251



2252



2253



2254



2257



2258



2259



Industry
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton



Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade



Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool



Narrow Fabric Mills



Women's Hosiery, Except Socks



Hosiery, nee*



Knit Outerwear Mills



Knit Underwear Mills



Weft Knit Fabric Mills



Lace & Warp Knit Fabric Mills



Knitting Mills, nee*



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
215,100
266,762
542,272
589,761
466,136
278,355
378,519
927,453
58,103
57,071
53,176
1,331,321
0
250
505
12,000
- 330
540
3,010
44
14,854
3,202
15,018
6,271
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
250
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,801
1,811
3,010
7,620
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
215350
267,512
542,777
601,761
466,466
278,895
381,529
927,497
74,758
62,084
71,204
1,345,212
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
250
1,450
0
0
48,713
4,720
18,049
7,660
2,093
752
829
500
215,600
268,962
542,777
601,761
515,179
283,615
399,578
935,157
76,851
62,836
72,033
1,345,712
No reports received
11,000
91,177
73,188
181
173
0
0
2
465
3,997
0
6,470
401
7,140
85,558
0
5,437
26,566
0
40,011
54,045
62,480
424,455
10
1,450
1,000
335,205
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
839
. 0
0
0
11,225
250
1,237
660
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13,125
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
11,000
91,177
73,188
181
173
0
0
2
465
3,997
0
19,595
401
7,140
85,558
0
5,437
26,570
839
40,011
54,045
62,480
435,680
265
2,687
1,660
335,205
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
31,889
41,000
9,136
0
0
0
0
7,395
11,000
91,177
73,188
181
173
0
0
2
465
3,997
0
19,607
401
7,140
85,558
0
5,437
26,570
839
40,011
85,934
103,480
444,816
265
2,687
1,660
335,205
7,395
No reports received
No reports received •,
587,087
3,005
0
750
590,842
4,388
595,230
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category.  One facility incorrectly reported 393,101 pounds of air emissions and total releases
under SIC code 2269 for 1996. The correct amount is 42,493 pounds. Another facility reporting in SIC code 2295 did not report for 1988, but should have. The
correct amounts are 687,336 pounds of total air emissions and total releases.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                                131
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              Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Table 4-14.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Textile Mill Products, SIC Code
22, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
2261



2262



2269



2273



2281



2282



2284



2295



2296



2297



2298



Industry
Finishing Plants, Cotton



Finishing Plants, Manmade



Finishing Plants, nee*



Carpets and Rugs



Yam Spinning Mills



Throwing and Winding Mills



Thread Mills



Coated Fabrics, Not Rubberized



Tire Cord and Fabrics



Nonwoven Fabrics



Cordage and Twine



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
81,882
40,676
30,976
230,169
261,041
376,936
450,783
986,737
1,392,352
762,394
1,041,602
1,218,675
265,374
240,688
233,064
1,197,119
12,300
39,541
36,791
74,001
42,197
107,429
177,759
241,412
1,059,110
1,772,812
2,397,654
25,950
9,506,419
9,062,104
7,683,950
18,571,457
124,328
124,375
109,111
65,147
139,675
77,179
66,962
284,920
106,331
105,220
130,191
142,381
0
0
5
13,272
196
30
3,030
48,711
4,869
4,002
6,236
133,262
2,860
3,862
3,905
5,600
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
270
285
290
4,250
360
976
902
0
0
0
0
55
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
4,450
0
1,499
0
0
5
286
4
58,080
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,650
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
0
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
81,882
40,676
30,981
247,891
261,237
378,465
453,813
1,035,448
1,397,226
766,682
1,047,842
1,410,017
268,234
244,550
236,969
1,202,719
12,300
39,541
36,791
74,001
42,197
107,429
181,409
241,412
1,059,110
1,772,812
2,397,654
25,950
9,506,689
9,062,389
7,684,990
18,575,707
124,698
125,361
110,013
65,147
139,675
77,179
66,962
284,975
106,331
105,223
130,194
142,381
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
0
0
7,000
3,500
42,763
11,366
7,003
21,660
5
10
20
1,252
5,493
4,430
3,400
1,072,657
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23,000
0
1,847
283
0
233,806
293,691
278,664
301,215
55,997
51,007
38,424
250
0
750
0
32,550
0
5
5
0
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
81,882
40,676
37,981
251,391
304,000
389,831
460,816
1,057,108
1,397,231
766,692
1,047,862
1,411,269
273,727
248,980
240,369
2,275,376
12,300
39,541
36,791
74,001
42,197
107,429
181,409
264,412
1,059,110
1,774,659
2,397,937
25,950
9,740,495
9,356,080
7,963,654
18,876,922
180,695
176,368
148,437
65,397
139,675
77,929
66,962
317,525
106,331
105,228
130,199
142,381
Note: On-slte Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility incorrectly reported 393,101 pounds of air emissions and total releases
under SIC code 2269 for 1996. The correct amount is 42,493 pounds. Another facility reporting in SIC code 2295 did not report for 1988, but should have. The
correct amounts are 687,336 pounds of total air emissions and total releases.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 132
-------
                                                    Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Table 4-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Textile Mill Products,
SIC Code 22, Continued
On-site Releases

SIC
Code Industry Year

2299 Textile Goods, nee* 96
95
94
88
Multiple within SIC Code 22 96
95
94
88
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 22 96
95
94
88
Total for SIC Code 22 96
95
94
88

Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
125,901
134,193
160,073
629,324
851,039
1,480,107
1,787,616
3,057,451
2,784
62,249
194,595
2,526,716
14,756,746
15,061,062
15,667,454
33,605,487
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
800
800
3,102
70,208
32,761
59,011
74,160
56,949
0
10
15
102,500
57,550
74,205
110,838
468,191

Underground
Injection
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0'
4
0

Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
1,200
424
2,789
7,470
7,500
0
0
5
250
15,620
6,898
14,892
79,850
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
126,701
134,993
163,175
700,732
884,224
1,541,907
1,869,246
3,121,900
2,784
62,259
194,615
2,629,466
14,829,916
15,142,165
15,793,188
34,153,528
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
13,316
40,480
7,359
10,281
40,652
71,045
151,103
146,926
0
0
5
9,874
450,495
513,442
553,144
1,644,849

Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
140,017
175,473
170,534
711,013
924,876
1,612,952
2,020,349
3,268,826
2,784
62,259
194,620
2,639,340
15,280,411
15,655,607
16,346,332
35,798,377
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility incorrectly reported 393,101 pounds of air emissions and total releases
under SIC code 2269 for 1996. The correct amount is 42,493 pounds. Another facility reporting in SIC code 2295 did not report for 1988, but should have. The
correct amounts are 687,336 pounds of total air emissions and total releases.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 On-site waste management data for 1994-1996
 appear in Table 4-15.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 The multiple SIC codes group reported the largest
 decrease in transfers off-site for further waste
 management in this sector for 1994-1996 (data
 for some types of off-site transfers were not
 collected in 1988). This was a reduction from
 864,000 pounds in 1994 to 664,000 pounds in
 1996, despite an increase in 1995. The net
 reduction of 200,000 pounds was attributable
 primarily to transfers to POTWs. The sector's
 reported transfers off-site for further waste
 management are shown hi Table 4-16.

 Reported transfers off-site for further waste
 management in the miscellaneous finishing plants
industry (SIC code 2269) decreased from 995,000
pounds in 1994 to 877,000 pounds in 1996, a
reduction of 118,000 pounds. The transfer type with
the largest reduction in this industry's reporting was
transfers to POTWs.

The coated fabrics industry (SIC code 2295) had the
largest reported increase of any industry in the textile
mills sector for transfers off-site for further waste
management, from 1.6 million pounds in 1994 to 2.1
million pounds in 1996. This 437,000 pound increase was
due to increases in transfers to. energy recovery and to
recycling. Carpets and rugs (SIC code 2273) had an
increase of 110,000 pounds for the 1994-1996 period,
from 129,000 pounds to 239,000 pounds. This was
entirely attributable to reported transfers to POTWs.

No other industry had a decrease or increase in such
transfers of more than 100,000 pounds from 1994 to
1996.
                                                                                                     133
-------
             Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Table 4-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Textile Mill Products,
SIC Code 22
SIC
Code
2211



2221



2231



2241



2251



2252



2253



2254



2257



2258



2259



Industry
Broadwovcn Fabric Mills, Cotton



Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade



Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool



Narrow Fabric Mills



Women's Hosiery, Except Socks



Hosiery, ncc*



Knit Outerwear Mills



Knit Underwear Mills



Weft Knit Fabric Mills



Lace & Warp Knit Fabric Mills



Knitting Mills, nee*



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Energy
Recycled Recovery
On-site On-site
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
NA
82,273
28,207
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
38,476
55,084
34,526
NA
0
0
0
NA
6,800
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
1,000
0
. NA
0
0
0
NA

0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0


NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
1,037
3,053
32,341
NA
20,346
32,213
82,766
NA
213,283
161,148
153,342
NA

0
21,000
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
22,100
14,110
28,000
NA
0
0
0
NA
18,322
19,604
18,030
NA
420
13,304
12,540
NA
0


NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
1,037
3,053
32,341
NA
102,619
61,420
82,766
NA
213,283
161,148
153,342
NA

0
21,000
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
22,100
14,110
28,000
NA
0
0
0
NA
56,798
74,688
52,556
NA
420
13,304
12,540
NA
6,800


NA
Note:  Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more man one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility
repotted incorrectly in SIC code 2269 for 1996. The facility should have reported in SIC code 2869. The incorrectly reported amount was 4,437,287 pounds of
other on-sitc waste management
*ncc:  not elsewhere classified.
 134
-------
                                                               Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
 Table 4-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Textile Mill Products,
 SIC Code 22, Continued
SIC
Code
2261



2262



2269



2273



2281



2282



2284



2295



2296



2297



2298



Industry
Finishing Plants, Cotton



Finishing Plants, Manmade



Finishing Plants, nee*



Carpets and Rugs



Yarn Spinning Mills



Throwing and Winding Mills



Thread Mills



Coated Fabrics, Not Rubberized



Tire Cord and Fabrics



Nonwoven Fabrics



Cordage and Twine



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94"
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
9,000
8,000
10,000
NA
3,849,529
4,146,394
2,967,489
NA
6,269,432
2,212,196
1,675,862
NA
6,000
15,000
351
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,979,638
2,816,766
4,350,620
NA
:o
;o
0
NA
520,839
408,946
442,000
NA
0
0
0
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
9,000
8,000
10,000
NA
1,114,500
1,053,500
1,250,600
NA
949,096
915,866
749,740
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
2,540,623
2,225,969
1,991,473
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
' 0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
49,300
97,100
19,500
NA
46,532
16,499
122,133
NA
2,159,078
1,794,358
2,016,061
NA
642,381
790,001
2,007,685
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
77,022
262,339
94,100
NA
4,040,614
4,408,646
3,214,443
NA
229,723
189,213
173,922
NA
100,000
174,200
151,370
NA
0
0
91,245
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
67,300
113,100
39,500
NA
5,010,561
5,216,393
4,340,222
NA
9,377,606
4,922,420
4,441,663
NA
648,381
805,001
2,008,036
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
77,022
262,339
94,100
NA
8,560,875
9,451,381
9,556,536
NA '
229,723
189,213
173,922
NA
620,839
583,146
593,370
NA
0
0
91,245
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility
reported incorrectly in SIC code 2269 for 1996. The facility should have reported in SIC code 2869. The incorrectly reported amount was 4,437,287 pounds of
other on-site waste management.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                          135
-------
          Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Table 4-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Textile Mill Products,
SIC Code 22, Continued
SIC
Code Industry Year
2299 Textile Goods, nee* 96
95
94
88
Multiple within SIC Code 22 96
95
94
88
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 22 96
95
94
88
Tola! for SIC Code 22 96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
5,000
0
0
NA
303,000
828,788
3,789,405
NA
0
200
4,239
NA
13,069,987
10,519,581
13,274,492
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
3
1,071
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
4,613,222
4,205,406
4,001,813
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
342,320
394,201
437,810
NA
1,593,061
2,414,171
2,640,497
NA
60,983
152,062
19,157
NA
9,616,522
10,936,222
11,335,942
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
347,320
394,201
437,810
NA
1,896,064
3,244,030
6,429,902
NA
60,983
152,262
23,396
NA
27,299,731
25,661,209
28,612,247
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility
reported incorrectly in SIC code 2269 for 1996. The facility should have reported in SIC code 2869. The incorrectly reported amount was 4,437,287 pounds of
other on-sitc waste management.
*n«c: not elsewhere classified.
 Facilities with Large Increases and
 Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996

 American & Efird, Inc., in Mount Holly, North
 Carolina (SIC code 2221 in 1988 and 2284 in
 1996), ranked first for increases with an overall
 191,000 pound increase. This facility produces
 threads used in air bag production, the shoe
 industry, and other manufacturing. Air emissions of
 dichloromethane, which is used in a coating
 process, accounted for 59% of the increase. A
 production increase was cited as the reason for the
 increase.

 Uniroyal Engineered Products in Port Clinton, Ohio
 (SIC code 2295), was second for increases with a
 140,000 pound total. Toluene accounted for 65% of
 the plant's increase. The facility manufactures a
 flexible PVC, Naugahyde®-like product used in
 automobile upholstery. Two reasons were cited for
 the increase: a switch was made to a urethane top
 finish in which toluene is a solvent and a machine
was installed that bonds a polypropylene foam
backing to the PVC product. The bonding process
involves the use of a polyester resin in toluene
solution.

Fil-Tec, Inc., in Cavetown, Maryland (did not
report in 1988, SIC code 2284 in 1996), ranked
third with an overall 134,000 pound increase. Fil-
Tec, which began operation after the 1988 reporting
year, produces bonded sewing threads used in wire
and cable products, upholstered furniture, shoes,
bedding, canvas goods, and other products.
Methanol was the only chemical reported in 1996,
and because the company did not report in 1988,
this chemical's 1996 releases accounted for 100%
of the facility's increase. Methanol is used as a
solvent in bonded thread production. A facility
contact stated that the 1998 data for methanol  stack
emissions will drop to 14% of the 1996 amount due
to the installation o f new emissions control
equipment.
 136
-------
                                                               Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Table 4-16.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Textile Mill
Products, SIC Code 22
SIC
Code
2211



2221



2231



2241



2251



2252



2253



2254



2257



2258



2259



Industry
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton



Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade



Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool



Narrow Fabric Mills



Women's Hosiery, Except Socks



Hosiery, nee*



Knit Outerwear Mills



Knit Underwear Mills



Weft Knit Fabric Mills



Lace & Warp Knit Fabric Mills



Knitting Mills, nee*



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
NA
43,230
86,900
2,250
NA
0
614
0
NA
No reports received
0
0
NA
0
0
0 :
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
1,861
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
0
NA
16,400
21,505
21,700
NA
0
0
0
NA

0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0


NA
0
0
19,900
0
30
45
14,015
750
5,172
454
0
4,845

0
2,750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50,288
45,327
260
0
0
0
0
8
0


0
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
50,400
21,800
64,429
20,848
67,260
68,533
4,266
3,489,641
20,630
25,720
26,800
82,289

0
0
10,542
0
480
686
231,201
108,891
6,981
88,777
457,751
17,738
21,870
92,380
345,549
24,153
98,509
62,413
0
22,005
19,305
44,505
229,357
0
0
0
149,473
38


0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0


0
50,400
21,800
84,329
NA
126,920
176,983
42,231
NA
25,802
26,788
26,800
NA

0
2,750
NA
0
480
686
NA
108,891
6,981
88,777
NA
17,738
21,870
94,241
NA
24,153
98,509
62,413
NA
72,293
64,632
44,765
NA
0
0
0
NA
38


NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                           137
-------
             Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Table 4-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Textile Mill
Products, SIC Code 22, Continued
SIC
Code
2261



2262



2269



2273


2281



2282



2284



2295



2296



2297



2298



Industry
Finishing Plants, Cotton



Finishing Plants, Manmade



Finishing Plants, nee*



Carpels and Rugs


Yam Spinning Mills



Throwing and Winding Mills



Thread Mills



Coated Fabrics, Not Rubberized



Tire Cord and Fabrics



Nonwoven Fabrics



Cordage and Twine



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
331,005
326,000
379,000
NA
336
240
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
531,302
305,168
328,502
NA
0
3,306
4,178
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
393,796
222,382
245,496
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
6,327
5,459
6,856
NA
63,262
89,349
72,054
NA
1,197,886
1,409,596
857,888
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
5
NA
3,069
4,388
3,249
NA
0
0
0
0
4,455
9,478
5,729
1,850
92,708
36,272
4,900
11,540
842
25,871
1,072
17,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
334,562
410,121
432,283
1,172,523
11,162
2,954
1,942
9,388
520
5
5
48,500
0
5
5
3,106
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
156,216
64,629
77,331
46,653
63,761
86,140
60,539
400,322
59,567
93,234
365,909
572,951
237,593
319,255
127,614
1,473,710
0
0
0
0
12,817
51,335
47,303
60,672
78,792
89,204
96,180
0
10,535
29,452
18,742
119,871
2,036
988
2,530
0
2,097
1,005
10
250
0
250
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,010
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
44,263
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
49,570
0
0
0
0
156,216
64,629
77,331
NA
68,216
95,618
66,268
NA
877,076
677,888
995,305
NA
238,771
345,366
128,686
NA
0
0
0
NA
19,144
56,794
54,159
NA
142,054
178,553
168,234
NA
2,074,285
2,154,337
1,637,415
NA
13,198
7,248
8,650
NA
2,617
1,010
20
NA
3,069
4,643
3,504
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
"ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 138
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                                                   Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Table 4-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Textile Mill
Products, SIC Code 22, Continued
SIC
Code Industry Year
2299 Textile Goods, nee* 96
95
94
88
Multiple within SIC Code 22 96
95
94
88
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 22 96
95
94
88
Total for SIC Code 22 96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
0
0
3,397
NA
0
2,743
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
905,873
724,971
719,188
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
7,875
3,020
0
NA
2,649
124,012
62,748
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,691,264
1,879,711
1,269,996
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
0
1,765
1,712
8,100
12,481
15,920
16,899
75,345
0
5,693
1,750
21,025
512,220
553,910
503,222
1,373,980
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
76,020
71,750
106,207
158,686
648,691
915,789
783,895
803,518
0
51,100
20,360
1,110,412
1,659,240
2,037,329
2,091,126
9,763,696
0
0
0
12,000
0
0
0
885
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
109,478
83,895
76,535
111,316
NA
663,821
1,058,464
863,542
NA
0
56,793
22,110
NA
4,768,597
5,195,921
4,583,532
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 22 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 Gencorp in Columbus, Mississippi (SIC code
 2295), ranked first in decreases with an overall 1.4
 million-pound decrease. The manufacturer of vinyl
 upholstery and wall coverings uses methyl ethyl
 ketone (MEK) in printing processes. Since 1995,
 the plant has been converting from organic-solvated
 inks to water-based inks. This accounted for a
 544,000 pound reduction in MEK usage, 40% of
 the overall decrease, through the 1996 reporting
 year.

 Reeves International in Rutherfordton, North
 Carolina (SIC code 2295 in 1988; codes 2295,
 3053, and 3069 in 1996), was second in decreases
 with 1.2 million pounds. The facility coats rubber
 and plastic onto  textile, substrates. Toluene, used as
 a solvent in several processes, accounted for 57%
 of the total decrease. One reason given for the
 reduction was a  switch from neoprene to silicon
 rubber in some processes. Less toluene is required
 to process silicone rubber. Also cited were solvent
recovery and coating equipment upgrades that
resulted in increased efficiency in solvent use and
recovery.

Collins & Aikman in Old Fort, North Carolina (SIC
codes 2270 and 2273 in 1988, did not report in
1996), ranked third in decreases with 1.1 million
pounds. Reported transfers off-site to disposal of
barium compounds were responsible for 86% of the
decrease. Automotive carpet manufactured at the
facility is backed by resin that contains barium
sulfate. Prior to 1994, carpet was trimmed,
packaged, and shipped from this Collins & Aikman
facility. Carpet scrap was sent off-site to a landfill.
Beginning in 1994, untrimmed carpet was sent to
another facility for trimming and packaging. This
facility also ranked third in decreases of waste
managed. See "Facilities with Large Increases and
Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996,"
below.
                                                                                                   139
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         Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
Releases, 1988-1996

In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
large apparent increases and decreases, which have
been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
Because these are errors or plant closures and not
actual changes in the data, these facilities are not
discussed in detail here. There are seven such
facilities in the textiles sector:

    Coats  American, Bristol, Rhode Island, increase
    of 393,000 pounds, reporting error.
    Excello Fabric Finishers, Inc., Coshocton, Ohio,
    increase of 335,000 pounds, reporting error.
    Fieldcrest Cannon, Inc., Kannapolis, North
    Carolina, increase  of 246,000 pounds, reporting
    error.
    Neese Coated Fabrics, Saint Louis, Missouri,
    decrease of 1.2 million pounds, plant closure.
    Paxar  Corporation, Orangeburg, New York,
    decrease of 1.7 million pounds, reporting error.
    Reeves Brothers, Inc., Buena Vista, Virginia,
    decrease of 1.2 million pounds, plant closure.
    Uniroyal Engineered Products, Stoughton,
    Wisconsin, increase of 181,000 pounds,
    reporting error.

1991-1996 Waste Management Data
for Textile Mill Products

Table 4-17 summarizes on- and off-site waste
management data for the textile mills sector for
1991, when TRI began collecting this information,
and the three most recent years (1994-1996). Total
production-related waste reported in this sector
decreased 9.0%, from  51.6 million pounds in 1991
to 47.0 million pounds in 1996. This change
reflects a larger decrease, in pounds and percent, hi
quantities  released on- and off-site. Releases were
reported as 24.2 million pounds in 1991 and 14.9
million pounds in 1996, a 38.2% reduction. Smaller
reductions (in pounds) were reported in off-site
energy recovery and treatment.

Increases in all types of on-site waste management
partly offset these reductions. Total on-site waste
management was 22.4 million pounds in 1991 and
27.3 million pounds in  1996, an increase of 4.9
million pounds, or 22.0%. Increases ranged from
20.5% for on-site recycling to  28.4% for on-site
energy recovery. However, one reporting error
previously discussed in this chapter affects the
1991-1996  analysis of production-related waste;
this was a 4.4 million-pound error in on-site
recycling for 1996. When adjusted for this error,
on-site recycling decreased by 20.3% from 1991 to
1996.

Off-site recycling increased 32.6% in this period,
although this was a much smaller increase in
absolute terms.

Figure 4-13 illustrates the percentage changes in
on-site waste management, off-site waste
management, quantities released,  and total
production-related waste for the textile mills sector
from 1991 to 1996.

Production levels for the textile mill sector
increased throughout this period, as noted earlier in
this chapter. TRI facilities report absolute amounts
of waste managed and of environmental releases,
not adjusted for changes in production levels.
Reductions in production-related waste reported to
TRI were accomplished as production levels in this
sector rose. Furthermore, the reductions were
largely attributable to decreases reported in
quantities released, the least desirable option in the
waste management hierarchy (explained in Chapter
1). These changes indicate substantial improvement
in the sector's management of TRI chemicals in
waste.
140
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                                                                 Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
Table 4-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996: Textile Mill Products, SIC Code 22
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
1991
Pounds
10,848,820
3,594,145
7,927,547
22,370,512
734,661
2,167,180
2,155,617
5,057,458
24,152,624
51,580,594
5,701
Change
1994-1995
Percent
-20.8
5.1
-3.5
-10.3
-1.4
53.3
9.5
20.2
-7.0
-6.6
-47.9
1994
Pounds
13,274,492
4,001,813
; 11,335,942
28,612,247
730,626
1,237,494
2,333,073
4,301,193
16,782,600
49,696,040
34,227
Change
1995-1996
Percent
24.2
9.7
-12.1
6.4
35.3
-8.6
-20.7
-8.5
-4.4
1.1
-94.6
1995
Pounds
10,519,581
4,205,406
10,936,222
25,661,209
720,145
1,896,966
2,553,964
5,171,075
15,606,968
46,439,252
17,847
Change
1991-1996
Percent
20.5
28.4
21.3
22.0
32.6
-20.0
-6.0
-6.4
-38.2
-9.0
-83.2
1996
Pounds
13,069,987
4,613,222
9,616,522
27,299,731
974,214
1,733,282
2,025,327
4,732,823
14,927,994
46,960,994
958








Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 2269 for 1996.  The facility should have reported in SIC code 2869.
The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 4,426,812 pounds of recycling on-site, 63,392 pounds of energy recovery off-site, 10,475 pounds of treatment
on-site and 51,735 pounds of quantity released on- and off-site. The percentage change from 1995 to 1996 in recycling on-site changes from 24.2% to -17.8% and
from 1991 to 1996 changes from 20.5% to -20.3%.
                                                                                                                               141
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           Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
          Recycled    Energy   Treated
           On-stta   Recovery    On-site
                    On-site

             On-sita Waste Management
Recycled      Energy   Treated           Quantity
 Off-site    Recovery   Off-site       Released On-
            Off-site                and Off-site

   Off-site Waste Management
    Total
Production-
   related
   Waste
        Figure 4-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
                                   Textile Mill Products (SIC Code 22)
Note: Docs not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 22 for 1996. The facility should have reported in SIC code 28. The
incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 4,426,812 pounds of recycling on-site, 63,392 pounds of energy recovery off-site, 10,475 pounds of treatment en-
sile and 51,735 pounds of quantity released on- and off-site. The percentage change from 1991 to 1996 in recycling on-site changes from 20.5% to -20.3%.
 Facilities with Lame Increases and Decreases
 In Waste Management. 1991-1996

 Synfin Industries in North Wales, Pennsylvania
 (SIC code 2262), was the top increaser for waste
 management with an overall 2.4 million pounds. A
 custom finisher of upholstery fabrics and other
 textiles, this facility's increase consisted wholly of
 an increase in on-site recycling of
 trichloroethylene, a processing aid. The facility
 contact cited a production increase as the reason for
 the change.

 Highland Industries, Inc., in Kernersville, North
 Carolina (SIC code 2269), ranked second for
 increases with 834,000 pounds. The facility
 manufactures fabrics for tires, fabrics for
            automotive air bags, and industrial and automotive
            v-belts (such as fan belts). The plant is undergoing
            a transition from neoprene rubber to silicone-based
            materials for its production of air bags. A coating
            process in air bag production involves the use of
            toluene as a solvent. In manufacturing air bags
            from neoprene rubber, the facility could efficiently
            recover toluene from solvated neoprene by carbon
            bed absorption. However, this is not a viable
            system for recovering toluene from solvated
            silicone. As its operations shifted to silicone, the
            facility installed a thermal oxidizer to treat toluene
            waste in air emissions. As a result, 67% of the
            plant's increase is accounted for by on-site
            treatment of toluene. On-site recycling of toluene
            did not decrease, however, due to a concurrent
142
-------
production increase of other neoprene rubber
products at the facility.

Kenyon Industries in Kenyon, Rhode Island (SIC
codes 2269 and 2295 in 1991 and 2269 in 1996),
ranked third for increases with 691,000 pounds.
This facility is a commissioned finisher of fabrics.
The primary processes involve dying and coating
nylon fabric according to customer specifications.
The fabrics are sold to manufacturers of
commercial goods such as backpacks and luggage.
Toluene, a solvent in urethane coating processes,
was responsible for 94% of the facility's increase.
The biggest changes for this chemical were
reported in on-site treatment. Following an EPA
audit of Kenyon's TRI reporting practices, the
Agency provided guidance for improving
estimation methods. This is cited by the facility as
the primary reason for the increase.

Synthetic Finishing, Inc., in Longview, North
Carolina (SIC code 2262), ranked first for
decreases with an overall 3.2 million-pound
reduction. Also a commissioned finisher of textile
fabrics, the plant's processes include application of
specialty coatings and finishes to woven  and
non-woven fabrics. Trichloroethylene accounted
for 90% of the decrease. The chemical, used as a
solvent, has been largely replaced by aqueous
solutions.

Gencorp in Columbus, Mississippi (SIC code
2295), was second in decreases with a 2.0 million-
pound change. Reductions in quantities released of
methyl ethyl ketone accounted for 69% of the total
decrease in production-related waste. This facility
also ranked second in decreases of releases (see
"Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases hi
Releases, 1988-1996"). As noted, Gencorp
attributes its decreases to its conversion from
organic-solvated inks to water-based inks.

Collins & Aikman in Old Fort, North Carolina (SIC
code 2273 in  1991, did not report in 1996), was
third for decreases with 1.8 million pounds. A
                                                Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
change in the reported amounts of barium
compounds constituted 95% of the facility's overall
reduction. Collins & Aikman manufactures
automotive carpeting which is backed by a resin
containing barium sulfate. Scrap carpet, trimmed
from the product, was sent off-site for disposal.
Beginning in 1994, the plant began shipping
unfinished carpets to another facility for trimming
and packaging. As a result, the Old Fort plant no
longer produced the scrap waste material. Collins &
Aikman in Old Fort also ranked as the third largest
decreaser in releases due to a reduction in reported
releases of barium compounds. See "Facilities with
Large Increases and Decreases in Releases,
1988-1996," above, for more information.

Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
Production-Related Waste, 1991-1996

In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
large apparent increases and decreases, which have
been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
Because these are errors or plant closures and not
actual changes in the data, these facilities are not
discussed in detail here. There is one such facility
in the textiles sector:

   American & Efird, Inc., Mount Holly, North
   Carolina, increase of 726,000 pounds, reporting
   error.

Facilities Contacted for Explanations
(alphabetical by facility):

   3V Inc., Georgetown, South Carolina: Matt
   Birdsong, August 17,  1998 (explanation
   provided)
   American & Efird, Inc., Mount Holly, North
   Carolina: John Eapen, August 20, 1998
   (explanation provided)
   Coats American, Bristol, Rhode Island: Mike
   Bell, August 3, 1998 (explanation provided)
                                                                                              143
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         Chapter 4 — TRI Data for Textile Mill Products
    Collins & Aikman, Old Fort, North Carolina:
    Pat McCabe, August 5 and August 17, 1998
    (explanation provided)
    Dixie Yarns, Inc., Chattanooga, Tennessee:
    Don Huffman, August 17, 1998 (explanation
    provided)
    Excello Fabric Finishers, Inc., Coshocton,
    Ohio: Jerry Stenner, August 4,1998
    (explanation provided)
    Fieldcrest Cannon Inc., Kannapolis, North
    Carolina: Josh Chandler, August 13,1998
    (explanation provided)
    Fil-Tec, Inc., Cavetown, Maryland: Andy
    Dubnik, August 24,1998 and Ted Schoek,
    September 8 and September 9,1998
    (explanation provided)
    Gencorp, Columbus, Mississippi: Mike
    Stierwalt, August 3,1998 (explanation
    provided)
    Highland Industries, Inc., Kernersville, North
    Carolina: Gary Voss, August 4, 1998 and Earl
    Crouch, August 5, 1998 (explanation provided)
    Kenyon Industries, Inc., Kenyon, Rhode Island:
    Barbara Burdick, August 13,1998 (explanation
    provided)
Neese Coated Fabrics, Saint Louis, Missouri:
Plant Closure. No contact person available.
Paxar Corporation, Orangeburg, New York:
Kevin Finnegan, August 11 and August 27,
1998 (no explanation provided)
Reeves Brothers, Inc., Buena Vista, Virginia:
Plant closure. No contact person available.
Reeves International, Rutherfordton, North
Carolina: Robert H. Enimel, Ph.D., August 27,
1998 (explanation provided)
Synfin Industries, North Wales, Pennsylvania:
Bert Ross, August 3, August 27, September 8,
and September 15,1998 (explanation provided)
Synthetics Finishing, Inc., Longview, North
Carolina: Mark Stultz, August 5, 1998
(explanation provided)
Uniroyal Engineered Products, Port Clinton,
Ohio: Jeffrey A. Hinchman, August 27, 1998
(explanation provided)
Uniroyal Engineered Products, Stoughton,
Wisconsin: Frank Krawcek, August 18, 1998
(explanation provided)
144
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                                   Chapter 5
             Apparel and Fabricated  Textiles
                               (SIC Code 23)
A  Look at the Apparel and

Fabricated Textiles

Industry (SIC Code 23)

The apparel and other finished products industry
(SIC code 23) includes not only production of
clothing, but also fabrication of other products by
cutting and sewing of fabrics or related materials.
This includes household furnishings such as
curtains and draperies. Clothing made by cutting
and joining (for example, by adhesives) paper,
nonwoven textiles, and similar materials is also
classified in SIC code 23. These are referred to as
the cutting trades, a term that distinguishes this
sector from the fabric production sector (in SIC
code 22, textile mill products). Miscellaneous
products that are produced in this sector range from
sleeping bags to non-disposable diapers to flags.
Box 5-1  lists Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) codes and their designations for this sector.
In TRI, SIC codes are given as reported by the
facilities; these may differ from information in
economic and other data collections.

In 1996, the value of shipments of apparel and
fabricated textile products was $77.63 billion, down
from $78.10 billion in 1995 (both in current
dollars).  Employment fell from 947,000 to 865,000
from 1995 to 1996, the largest one-year decrease in
this sector in the last decade. Apparel
manufacturing is highly labor intensive, and much
of the production has shifted abroad to lower-wage
countries, a trend that began more than twenty
years ago. Since the late 1980s, U.S. employment
in the sector has decreased by about 25,000 per
year. Facilities still operating in the United States—
nearly 25,000 apparel manufacturing
establishments—tend to be small or mid-sized,
averaging 40 employees. Apparel companies also
seldom produce their own goods, contracting out
the various phases of garment production.
Fabricated textile products such as home
furnishings require less sewing and therefore less
labor; manufacture of these products has been less
likely to shift overseas.

The apparel and fabricated textiles sector reports
the smallest amounts to TRI, and some of its
industries have submitted no TRI forms, very few
forms, or forms in some years and  not others. This
pattern is consistent with changes in the sector,
particularly in relocating production outside the
United States and shifting manufacturing
operations from the northeast states to the south.
Also, new owners may not report in the same ways
or in the same SIC codes, when facilities change
hands.
                                                                                    145
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              Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
 Box 5-1. SIC Code 23, Apparel and Other Finished Products Made from Fabrics and Similar Materials:  Codes and
 Classifications
  SIC Code
                                                                Industry Description
  231    Men's and Boy's Salts, Coats, and Overcoats •
         2311   Men's and Boys' Suits, Coats, and Overcoats

  232    Men's and Boys' Furnishings, Work Clothing,
         and Allied Garments
         2321   Men's and Boys' Shirts, Except Work Shirts

         2322   Men's and Boys' Underwear and Nightwear

         2323   Men's and Boys' Neckwear


         2325   Men's and Boys' Separate Trousers and Slacks

         2326   Men's and Boys' Work Clothing

         2329   Men's and Boys' Clothing, nee*



  233    Women's, Misses', and Juniors' Outerwear
                                                               Manufacture of men's and boys' tailored suits, coats, and overcoats from purchased
                                                               woven or knit fabrics. Manufacture of uniforms (except athletic and work uniforms).
                                                               Manufacture of men's and boys' shirts (including polo and sport shirts) from
                                                               purchased woven or knit fabrics.

                                                               Manufacture of men's and boys' underwear and nightwear from purchased woven or
                                                               knit fabrics.
                                                               Manufacture of men's and boys' neckties, scarves, and mufflers from purchased
                                                               woven or knit fabrics.
                                                               Manufacture of men's and boys' separate trousers and slacks from purchased woven
                                                               or knit fabrics, including jeans, dungarees, and jean-cut casual slacks.
                                                               Manufacture of men's and boys' work shirts, workpants (excluding jeans and
                                                               dungarees), other work clothing, and washable service apparel.
                                                               Manufacture of miscellaneous men's and boys' clothing (including athletic wear,
                                                               down-filled clothing, nontailored jackets, sports clothing, swimsuits, and others)
                                                               from purchased woven or knit fabrics.
         2331   Women's, Misses', and Juniors' Blouses and Shirts     Manufacture of women's, misses', and juniors' blouses and shirts from purchased
                                                                woven or knit fabrics.
         2335   Women's, Misses', and Juniors' Dresses

         2337   Women's, Misses', and Juniors' Suits, Skirts, and
                Coats

         2339   Women's, Misses', and Juniors' Outerwear, nee*
                                                               Manufacture of women's, misses', and juniors' dresses from purchased woven or knit
                                                               fabrics.
                                                               Manufacture of women's, misses', and juniors' suits, pantsuits, skirts, coats (except
                                                               fur coats and raincoats), and tailored jackets and vests, from purchased woven or
                                                               knit fabrics.
                                                               Manufacture of miscellaneous women's, misses', and juniors' outerwear (including
                                                               athletic uniforms, down-filled coats, jeans, scarves, slacks, swimsuits, and others),
                                                               from purchased woven or knit fabrics.
234    Women's, Misses', Children's, and Infants' Undergarments
       2341   Women's, Misses', Children's, and Infants'
              Underwear and Nightwear
       2342   Brassieres, Girdles, and Allied Garments
235    Hats, Caps, and Millinery
       2353   Hats, Caps, and Millinery                          Manufacture of hats, caps, millinery, and hat bodies.
236    Girls', Children's, and Infants'Outerwear
       2361   Girls', Children's, and Infants' Dresses, Blouses, and    Manufacture of girls', children's, and infants' dresses, blouses, and shirts from
                                                               purchased woven or knit fabrics.
                                                                Manufacture of women's, misses', children's, and infants' underwear and nightwear
                                                                from purchased woven or knit fabrics.
                                                                Manufacture of brassieres, girdles, and allied garments.
                Shirts
         2369   Girls', Children's, and Infants' Outerwear, nee*

 237    FurGoods
          237   FurGoods
 238    Miscellaneous Apparel and Accessories
         2381   Drew and Work Gloves, Except Knit and All-
                Leather
         2384   Robes and Dressing Gowns


         2385   Waterproof Outerwear
                                                              Manufacture of miscellaneous girls', children's, and infants' outerwear from
                                                              purchased woven or knit fabrics.
                                                              Manufacture of fur coats and other clothing, accessories, and trimmings made of fur.
                                                              Manufacture of dress, semidress, and work gloves and mittens from purchased
                                                              woven or knit materials, alone or combined with leather or plastics.
                                                              Manufacture of men's, boys', and women's robes and dressing gowns from purchased
                                                              woven or knit fabrics.
                                                              Manufacture of raincoats and other waterproof outerwear from purchased rubberized
                                                              fabrics, plastics, and similar materials. Manufacture of waterproof or water-repellant
                                                              outerwear from purchased woven or knit fabrics other than wool.
*ne« not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
146
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                                            Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Box 5-1. SIC Code 23, Apparel and Other Finished Products Made from Fabrics and Similar Materials: Codes and
Classifications, Continued
 SIC Code
                                                    Industry Description
 238   Miscellaneous Apparel and Accessories, Continued
       2386  Leather and Sheep-Lined Clothing
       2387  Apparel Belts
       2389  Apparel and Accessories, nee*
 239   Miscellaneous Fabricated Textile Products
       2391  Curtains and Draperies
       2392  Housefurnishings, Except Curtains and Draperies

       2393  Textile Bags
       2394  Canvas and Related Products
       2395  Pleating, Decorative and Novelty Stitching, and
             Tucking for the Trade
       2396  Automotive Trimmings, Apparel Rndings, and
             Related Products
       2397  Schiffli Machine Embroideries
       2399  Fabricated Textile Products, nee*
Manufacture of leather and sheep-lined clothing.
Manufacture of apparel belts of any material.
Manufacture of suspenders, garters, handkerchiefs, and other miscellaneous apparel,
including academic caps and gowns, vestments, and theatrical costumes. Manufac-
ture of clothing by cutting and joining (for example, by adhesives) materials such as
paper and nonwoven textiles.


Manufacture of curtains and draperies from purchased materials.
Manufacture of housefurnishings, such as blankets, bedspreads, sheets, tablecloths,
towels, 'and shower curtains.
Manufacture of shipping and other industrial bags from purchased fabrics.
Manufacture of awnings, tents, and related products from purchased fabrics.
Pleating, decorative and novelty stitching, and tucking for the trade.

Manufacture of automotive trimmings, apparel findings, and related products.
Printing and stamping on fabric articles.
Manufacture of Schiffli machine embroideries.
Manufacture of miscellaneous fabricated textile products, such as sleeping bags,
banners, fabric belting, automobile tire and seat covers, non-disposable diapers,
parachutes, automobile and aircraft seat belts, and others.
*nec: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
Although some products, such as fusing nonwoven
textiles, may involve chemical and mechanical
processes, the basic operations of this sector—
cutting and sewing—are less likely to lead to
releases and waste management of TRI chemicals.
Some garments are prepared, dyed, and finished
after assembly, but these are a small segment of
overall production. Because processes such as these
are usually performed as fabric is made, they are
described in Chapter 4 (Textile Mill  Products).
Textile fabricating processes that are more
associated with TRI reporting are printing,
      stamping, and embossing fabrics and related
      materials. Solvents, dyes, and finishes applied in
      such processes account for the majority of TRI
      reporting in this sector.

      1996 TRI  Data for Apparel
      and  Fabricated  Textiles

      Table 5-1 summarizes TRI reporting by the apparel
      and fabricated textiles sector for 1996. Of the 47
      forms submitted in this sector, just two were
                                                     Sources

    Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987:
        Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and industry descriptions.
    U.S. Industry & Trade Outlook '98, DRI/McGraw Hill, Standard & Poor's, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
        International Trade Administration, 1998: economic analyses, also provides some information on environment and
      •  industrial processes for selected industries.
    U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufactures: Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries, M96(AS)-1,
        February 1998 : value of shipments and employment.
        Supplemental data from U.S. Census Bureau  for some industries.
    McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 8th ed., 1997: industry process and technologies.
                                                                                                             147
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           Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Table 5-1.  Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23
Total
Total





On- and Production-
Off-slte
Releases
Rank
10
11
7
9
4
6
3
8
1
5
2

related
Waste
Rank
11
9
8
7
4
6
3
10
1
5
2

SIC
Code

2321
2325
2329
2337
2353
2389
2392
2393
2396
2399



Industry

Men's & Boys' Shirts
Men's & Boys' Trousers & Slacks
Men's & Boys' Clothing, nee*
Women's & Misses' Suits & Coats
Hats, Caps, & Millinery
Apparel & Accessories, nee*
Household Furnishings, nee*
Textile Bags
Automotive & Apparel Trimmings
Fabricated Textile Products, nee*
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 23
Total for SIC Code 23
Total
Facilities
Number
1
1
2
1
3
5
1
1
6
3
1
25
Total
Forms
Number
3
1
2
2
7
5
3
2
14
4
4
47

Form As
Number
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
2

Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
72
2
24,400
2,005
145,138
64,239
176,205
9,610
508,761
69,597
252,495
1,252,524

Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
0
0
7,872
0
0
505
0
500
42,600
11,700
0
63,177
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
72
2
32,272
2,005
145,138
64,744
176,205
10,110
551,361
81,297
252,495
1,315,701
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 Form A certification statements, certifying that a
 facility's total annual reportable amount of a TRI
 chemical was less than 500 pounds for the year and
 that the facility did not manufacture, process, or
 otherwise use more than 1 million pounds. (The
 Form A certification statement is explained in
 Chapter 1.)

 The automotive and apparel trimmings industry
 (SIC code 2396) submitted 14 forms, the largest
 number of forms in this sector. Seven forms were
 submitted in the hats, caps, and millinery industry
 (SIC code 2353). Other industries in the sector filed
 five or fewer forms each. The automotive and
 apparel trimmings (SIC code 2396) industry
 dominated reporting of releases and
 production-related waste in this sector in 1996.

 As shown in Table 5-1, the apparel and fabricated
 textiles sector reported 1.32 million pounds of total
 on- and off-site releases in 1996, including 1.25
million pounds of on-site releases. The automotive
and apparel trimmings industry (SIC code 2396)
reported 551,000 pounds of total releases in 1996,
including 509,000 pounds on-site and 43,000
pounds off-site. Facilities reporting invalid SIC
codes within SIC code 23 were second for reported
releases with 252,000 pounds in both on-site
releases and total releases. Miscellaneous
household furnishings (SIC code 2392) was third
for reported releases, with 176,000 pounds in both
on-site releases and total releases. The industry that
reported the second-largest off-site releases
(transfers to disposal) was miscellaneous fabricated
textile products (SIC code 2399) with  12,000
pounds, and the miscellaneous men's and boy's
clothing industry (SIC code 2329) was third with
8,000 pounds of off-site releases.

The apparel and fabricated textiles sector reported
834,000 pounds of other on-site waste management
in 1996, as well  as 2.3 million pounds  of total
   One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code 23 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 26. Because this facility accounted
   for 30% or more of total releases, total other on-site waste management and total production-related waste in this sector, its
   forms have been omitted from all tables in this chapter. Therefore, the totals in the tables and figures in this chapter do not
   match the summary for SIC code 23 in Chapter 1. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 549,149 on-site
   releases, 549,149 pounds total releases, 407,100 pounds total other on-site waste management and 950,700 pounds total
   production-related waste.
 148
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                                         Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Table 5-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23, Continued


SIC
Code

2321
2325
2329
2337
2353
2389
2392
2393
2396
2399





Industry

Men's & Boys' Shirts
Men's & Boys' Trousers & Slacks
Men's & Boys' Clothing, nee*
Women's & Misses' Suits & Coats
Hats, Caps, & Millinery
Apparel & Accessories, nee*
Household Furnishings, nee*
Textile Bags
Automotive & Apparel Trimmings
Fabricated Textile Products, nee*
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 23
Total for SIC Code 23

Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
0
19,915 ,
0
42,000
0
0
47,864
0
712,587
0
11,872
834,238
Total Transfers
. Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
0
0
978
250
64,058
1,255
0
0
59,152
16,190
0
141,883
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
72
19,917
33,250
44,000
209,196
65,065
224,069
9,935
1,320,758
132,040
264,587
2,322,889
Non-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 production-related waste. The automotive and
 apparel trimmings industry (SIC code 2396)
 reported the largest amounts of other on-site waste
 management, 713,000 pounds, and total
 production-related waste, 1.3 million pounds.
 Miscellaneous household furnishings (SIC code
 2392) ranked second for both categories, reporting
 48,000 pounds of other on-site waste management
 and 224,000 pounds of total production-related
 waste. Hats, caps, and millinery (SIC code 2353)
 ranked third for total production-related waste with
 209,000 pounds, but women's and misses' suits and
 coats (SIC code 2337) ranked third for other on-site
 waste management with 42,000 pounds.

 The apparel and fabricated textiles sector reported
 142,000 pounds of transfers off-site for further
Box 5-2. Data Not Appearing in This Chapter
waste management in 1996. Of that amount, 64,000
pounds was reported in the hats, caps, and millinery
industry (SIC code 2353). Another 59,000 pounds
was reported in automotive and apparel trimmings
(SIC code 2396).

None of the TRI forms received in this sector
reported more than one SIC code within SIC code
23, as explained in Box 5-2.

On- and Off-site Releases

As shown in Table 5-3 and Figure 5-1, air
emissions were by far the largest release type in the
apparel and fabricated textiles sector. The sector's
total of 1.32 million pounds of total on- and off-site
releases included  1.25 million pounds of air
emissions.
   Facilities that engage in more than one kind of manufacturing activity may report more than one SIC code on their TRI
   forms to describe their activities.  Most industrial sectors discussed in the 1996 TRI Public Data Release include such
   "multiple-code" reporting. No forms were received, however, with multiple SIC codes within SIC code 23 in 1996.
   (Multiple code reporting is further explained in Box 1-5 in Chapter 1.)

   This chapter, therefore, does not contain Table 5-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996:  Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC
   Code 23.
   Industry-specific chapters in both volumes of the 1996 TRI Public Data Release present comparable data tables, numbered
   consistently from chapter to chapter.  The remaining tables and figures in this chapter conform to that numbering system.
                                                                                                       149
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           Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Table 5-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23 (in Rank Order)
On-site Land Releases

SIC
Cock

2396

2302
2353
2399
2389
2329
2393
2337
2321
2325



Industry

Automotive & Apparel Trimmings
Ittwlid SIC Code within SIC Code 23
Household Furnishings, nee*
Hals, Ops, & Millinery
Fabricated Textile Products, nee*
Apparel & Accessories, nee*
Men's & Boy's' Clothing, nee*
Textile Bigs
Women's & Misses' Suits & Coats
Men's & Boys* Shirts
Men's & Boys' Trousers & Slacks
Total for SIC Code 23

Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
508,756
252,495
176,205
145,138
69,597
64,239
24,400
9,610
2,005
72
2
1,252,519
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Underground Injection
Class I
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Class II-V
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RCRA
Subtitle C
Landfills
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Other
On-site Land
Releases
Pounds
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
508,761
252,495
176,205
145,138
69,597
64,239
24,400
9,610
2,005
72
2
1,252,524
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
42,600
0
0
0
11,700
505
7,872
500
0
0
0
63,177

Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
551,361
252,495
176,205
145,138
81,297
64,744
32,272
10,110
2,005
72
2
1,315,701
Note: On-sttc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
  Transfers Off-site
     to Disposal
        4.8%
              Underground Injection = 0%
              RCRA Subtitle C Landfills = 0%
              Other On-site Land Releases < 0.1%
    Figure 5-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site
     Releases, 1S96: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
    	(SIC Code 23)
Note: On-slte Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from
Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
 Ranking first for total releases, the automotive and
 apparel trimmings industry (SIC code 2396)
 reported 509,000 pounds released to air, including
 314,000 pounds of methyl ethyl ketone and
 121,000 pounds of 1,1,1-trichlorethane, largely by
 one facility. This industry also reported 43,000
 pounds of off-site releases.

 Figure 5-2 shows the distribution of on- and off-site
 releases for the industries (four-digit SIC code)
 with the sector's largest releases.
Other On-site Waste Management

The majority of the 834,000 pounds of other on-site
waste management reported in apparel and
fabricated textiles for 1996 was on-site treatment—
643,000 pounds. This sector also reported 191,000
pounds of on-site recycling. Table 5-4 and Figure
5-3 present the sector's other on-site waste
management reporting.

The automotive and apparel trimmings industry
(SIC code 2396) reported the largest amount of
on-site treatment with 581,000 pounds, including
450,000 pounds of methyl ethyl ketone recycling
reported by one facility.

The automotive and apparel trimmings industry
also reported most of the sector's on-site recycling,
131,000 pounds out of 191,000 pounds for all
apparel and fabricated textiles industries. This
industry reported on-site recycling of 46,000
pounds of methyl ethyl ketone, 40,000 pounds of
antimony compounds, and 33,000 pounds of
phenol.

Figure 5-4 illustrates the distribution of on-site
waste management reporting for the top industries
in this sector.
 150
-------
                                               Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
                         600,000
                         500,000 -
                         400,000 -
                         300,000 -
                         200,000 -
                         100,000-
B Transfers Off-site to Disposal
• Other On-site Land Releases
D RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
DUIJ, Class II-V Wells
ID UIJ, Class I Wells
IS Surface Water
                                 2396    Invalid   2392
                                                     2353   2399    2389   2329
                                                                                2393    2337
                                                                                             2321
                   Figure 5-2, TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest
                       Releases, 1996:  Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal). UIJ = underground injection. Invalid SIC
codes are codes beginning "23" that do not exist in the current Standard Industrial Classification code system.

Table 5-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
2396
2392
2337
2325

2321
2329
2353
2389
2393
2399

Industry
Automotive & Apparel Trimmings
Household Furnishings, nee*
Women's & Misses' Suits & Coats
Men's & Boys' Trousers & Slacks
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 23
Men's & Boys' Shirts
Men's & Boys' Clothing, nee*
Hats, Caps, & Millinery
Apparel & Accessories, nee*
Textile Bags
Fabricated Textile Products, nee*
Total for SIC Code 23
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
131,240
47,864
0
0
11,872
0
0
0
0
0
0
190,976
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Treated
On-site
Pounds
581,347
0
42,000
19,915
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
643,262
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
712,587
47,864
42,000
19,915
11,872
0
0
0
0
0
0
834,238
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                      151
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          Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
  Treated
  On-site
  77.1%
                                     Recycled
                                      On-site
                                      22.9%
                                 Energy Recovery
                                 On-site = 0%
    Figure 5-3.  Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste
   Management, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
                   (SIC Code 23)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

As shown in Table 5-5, the type of off-site transfer
for further waste management with the largest
amount reported in apparel and fabricated textiles
was transfers to energy recovery. This category
totaled 140,000 pounds, or 98.4% of the sector's
total of 142,000 pounds for off-site transfers for
further waste management. Figure 5-5 illustrates
the dominance of this transfer type in the apparel
and fabricated textiles sector's reporting.

The hats, caps, and millinery industry (SIC code
2353) reported the largest amounts in transfers to
energy recovery, with 63,000 pounds. The
automotive and apparel trimmings industry (SIC
code 2396) ranked second with 59,000 pounds. In
             800.000
             700.000
             600,000-
             500,000-
             400.000
             300.000
             200,000-
             100,000
                     n Treated
                     • Energy Recovery
                     m Recycled
                         2396
                                       2392
                                                     2337
                                                                    2325
                                                                                  Invalid
             Figure 5-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
                     Totals, 1996:  Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23)
Note: Other On-sltc Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "23" that do not exist in the current Standard
Industrial Classification code system.
 152
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                                       Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Table 5-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23
(in Rank Order)


SIC
Code

2353
2396
2399
2389
2329
2337
2321
2325
2392
2393





Industry

Hats, Caps, & Millinery
Automotive & Apparel Trimmings
Fabricated Textile Products, nee*
Apparel & Accessories, nee*
Men's & Boys' Clothing, nee*
Women's & Misses' Suits & Coats
Men's & Boys' Shirts
Men's & Boys' Trousers & Slacks
Household Furnishings, nee*
Textile Bags
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 23
Total for SIC Code 23


Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
754
0
0
0
686
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,440

Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
63,304
59,152
16,185
755
257
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
139,653


Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
0
0
0
500
35
0
0
0
0
0
0
535


Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
0
0
5
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
255

Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Off-site
Transfers
for Further
Waste
Management
Pounds
64,058
59,152
16,190
1,255
978
250
0
0
0
0
0
141,883
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
         To POTWs
            0.2%
                      To Treatment
                         0.4%
To Recycling
   To Energy
   Recovery
     98.4%
    Figure 5-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for
       Further Waste Management, 1996: Apparel
         and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23)
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6
(excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.

 the hats, caps, and millinery industry, methyl
 isobutyl ketone was the chemical with the largest
 reported transfers to energy recovery, with 55,000
 pounds. In the automotive and apparel trimmings
 industry, methyl ethyl ketone was the chemical
 with the largest such transfers, with 51,000 pounds.
Figure 5-6 illustrates the distribution of off-site
transfers for further waste management for the top
industries in this sector.


1996 TRR Data by  State for

Apparel  and Fabricated

Textiles

In 1996, TRI forms reporting SIC  codes in the
apparel and fabricated textiles sector were
submitted in 16 states, as listed in  Table 5-6. Four
states had more than  10% of the forms in this
sector: Ohio with eight (17.0%), and Michigan and
North Carolina with six (12.8%) each, and
Pennsylvania with five (10.6%).

North Carolina reported the largest on-site releases
and total on- and off-site releases in this sector,
with 450,000 pounds in both categories. North
Carolina also ranked  second for transfers off-site
for further waste management, with 57,000 pounds,
and second for total production-related waste with
507,000 pounds.
                                                                                                153
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            Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
                   70,000
                   60,000-
                   50,000-
                   40,000
                   30,000
                   20,000
                   10,000-
• Other Off-site Transfers
H To POTWs
D To Treatment
ED To Energy Recovery
• To Recycling
                              2353
                                           2396
                                                        2399
                                                                     2389
                                                                                  2329
                                                                                               2337
               Figure 5-6.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes
                 with Largest Totals, 1996:  Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23)
 Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.
Table 5-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996:  Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23
Total
SOte Facilities
Number
Atebim*
Illinois
Indian*
low*
Kutoa
Maine
Mkhifin
Missouri
NcwYode
Noah Carolina
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Texas
Washington
Wisconsin
Toul for SIC Code 23
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
3
3
3
1
2
1
0
25
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
2
1
1
1
1
1
6
4
4
6
8
5
1
4
1
1
47
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
2,005
10,164
0
14,362
0
16,375
14,015
252,495
190,814
450,446
87,225
42,030
12
103,110
24,400
45,071
1,252,524
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
255
29,000
0
250
0
14,100
11,700
0
0
7,872
0
63,177
Total Transfers
Total Off-site for Total Non-
On-and Total Other Further Production- Production-
Off-site On-site Waste Waste related related
Releases Management Management Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
2,005
10,164
0
14,362
0
16,630
43,015
252,495
191,064
450,446
101,325
53,730
12
103,110
32,272
45,071
1,315,701
42,000
0
0
0
38,347
0
82,000
11,872
47,864
600
591,640
0
0
19,915
0
0
834,238
250
0
686
0
0
1,255
0
0
0
56,672
2,480
759
0
63,304
292
16,185
141,883
44,000
10,164
686
14,362
38,347
17,191
125,072
264,587
238,688
506,606
693,985
54,484
10
186,329
32,564
95,814
2,322,889
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
There may be forms but no facilities in a single state because a facility reported different 4-digit SIC codes in the range of SIC codes 20 to 39 on its individual
forms.
 154
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                                    Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
The largest off-site releases (transfers to disposal)
were reported in Michigan, which had 29,000
pounds in this category. Michigan was also the
state with the second-largest amount reported for
other on-site waste management, with 82,000
pounds.

Ohio reported the largest other on-site waste
management, with 592,000 pounds, and the largest
total production-related waste, with 694,000
pounds. Texas was the state with the largest amount
reported for transfers off-site for further waste
management, with 63,000 pounds.

Missouri ranked second for total on- and off-site
releases, with 252,000 pounds, and third for total
production-related waste, with 265,000 pounds.
New York was third for both total releases
(191,000 pounds) and other on-site waste
management (48,000 pounds).

Map 5-1 illustrates the geographic distribution of
total on- and off-site releases in the apparel and
fabricated textiles sector.

1996 TRI Data by

Chemical for Apparel  and

Fabricated  Textiles

The 15 chemicals with the largest on- and off-site
releases accounted for all but a tiny portion of the
apparel and fabricated textiles sector's total
reported releases in 1996, as shown in Table 5-7.
Reported releases of these  15 chemicals totaled 1.3
million pounds, or 99.98% of the sector's total
releases.

Methyl ethyl ketone ranked first with reported
releases of 440,000 pounds. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
(TCA) was second with 249,000 pounds. Under the
United States' implementation of the Montreal
Protocol to reduce ozone-depleters, production of
TCA, an ozone-depleting chemical, was banned
effective January 1, 1996. One facility in the
automotive and apparel trimmings industry (SIC
code 2396) reported 121,000 pounds of TCA air
emissions for 1996. This facility projected releases
of 20,000 pounds of TCA in 1997 and none in
1998. (Projected data for this sector are presented
in "Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in
Waste," later in this chapter. Facility projections
are explained in Chapter 1.) Toluene was the third
ranked chemical for on- and off-site releases, with
177,000 pounds.

The solvents reported in large amounts in this
sector have uses in the cleaning and processing of
textiles and fabrics or in fabric coatings. However,
for most fabrics used in garment-making, these
processes are generally conducted in the textile
mills sector (SIC code 22). In the apparel and
fabricated textiles sector, these chemicals are used
in printing, stamping, and embossing fabric articles.
Among these are automotive door and dashboard
panels (automotive trimmings in SIC code 2396)
and automotive tire and seat covers (miscellaneous
fabricated textile products, SIC code 2399).

OSHA Carcinogens

In the apparel and fabricated textiles sector, on- and
off-site releases of chemicals designated as OSHA
carcinogens totaled 59,000 pounds in 1996, as
shown in Table 5-8. (OSHA carcinogens and the
bases for their designation appear in Box 1-9 in
Chapter 1.) This was 4.5% of all reported releases
in the sector for the year.

Miscellaneous apparel and accessories (SIC code
2389) reported 44,000 pounds of releases of OSHA
carcinogens, the largest amount in this sector. The
miscellaneous fabricated textiles products industry
(SIC code 2399) reported releases of 14,000 pounds
of OSHA carcinogens.

Two of the 15 chemicals with the largest total
releases reported in this sector were OSHA
carcinogens:  dichloromethane with 59,000 pounds
and formaldehyde with 500 pounds (see Table 5-7).
One other OSHA carcinogen was also reported in
this sector: toluene diisocyanate with 12 pounds of
total releases.
                                                                                           155
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         Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
                                                                                                vo
                                                                                                c
                                                                                                o
                                                                                                >n
                                                                                                1
                                                                                                I
156
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                                      Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Table 5-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles,
SIC Code 23 (in Rank Order)
CAS
Number
78-93-3
71-55-6
108-88-3
108-10-1
1 10-54-3
75-09-2
67-56-1
108-95-2
1330-20-7
7664-41-7

872-50-4
—
50-00-0


Chemical
Methyl ethyl ketone
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Toluene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
n-Hexane
Dichloromethane
Methanol
Phenol
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Antimony compounds
Ammonia
Diisocyanates
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Zinc compounds
Formaldehyde
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 23
On-site Land Releases
Surface Underground Injection RCRA Other
Total Air Water Class I Class II-V Subtitle C On-site Land
Emissions Discharges Wells Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
439,675
248,883
176,357
132,100
84,180
58,596
46,576
4,848
24,400
319
18,690
12,012
5,273
66
500
1,252,475
1,252,519
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
439,675
248,883
176,357
132,100
84,180
58,596
46,576
4,853
24,400
319
18,690
12,012
5,273
66
500
1,252,480
1,252,524
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
0
0
255
0
0
250
0
29,000
7,872
23,700
250
0
0
1,600
0
62,927
63,177
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
439,675
248,883
176,612
132,100
84,180
58,846
46,576
33,853
32,272
24,019
18,940
12,012
5,273
1,666
500
1,315,407
1,315,701
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.

Table 5-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated
Textiles, SIC Code 23 (in Rank Order)
Surface Underground Injection
SIC
Code
2389
2399
2337
2321


Industry
Apparel & Accessories, nee*
Fabricated Textile Products, nee*
Women's & Misses' Suits & Coats
Men's & Boys' Shirts
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 23
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Total Air Water Class I Class II-V Subtitle C On-site Land
Emissions Discharges Wells Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
44,234
14,362
500
12
59,108
1,252,519
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
44,234
14,362
500
12
59,108
1,252,524
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
250
0
0
0
250
63,177
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
44,484
14,362
500
12
59,358
1,315,701
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 Figure 5-7 shows the on- and off-site releases of
 OSHA carcinogens by industries in the apparel and
 fabricated textiles sector.

 1996 TRI  Chemicals In
 Waste for Apparel and
 Fabricated Textiles

 As shown in Table 5-9, most of the total
 production-related waste in the apparel and
 fabricated textiles sector for 1996 was reported as
released. Quantities released on- and off-site totaled
1.3 million pounds, or 57.7% of the sector's 2.3
million pounds of total production-related waste.
Another 27.7% (643,000 pounds) was reported as
treated on-site. The automotive and apparel
trimmings industry (SIC code 2396) reported the
largest quantities in both categories, with 549,000
pounds of releases and 581,000 pounds of on-site
treatment.

Figure 5-8 displays the distribution of
production-related waste in the apparel and
fabricated textiles sector's 1996 reporting by waste
                                                                                              157
-------
            Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
                          50,000
                                                                         D Transfers Off-site to Disposal
                                                                         n Other On-site Land Releases
                                                                         CD RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
                                                                         DIUIJ, Class II-V Wells
                                                                         B UIJ, Class I Wells
                                                                         • Surface Water
                                                                         HAir
                          5,000
                                     2389
                                                     2399
                                                                      2337
                                                                                      2321
           Figure 5-7.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, by SIC Code,
                            1996:  Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23)
Note: On-slte Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. UIJ = underground injection.

Table 5-9.  Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23
(in Rank Order)

SIC
Code

2396

2392
2353
2399
2389
2337
2329
2325
2393
2321



Industry

Automotive & Apptral Trimmings
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 23
Household Furnishings, nee*
Hits, Caps, & Millinery
Fabricated Textile Products, nee*
Appsrcl & Accessories, nee*
Women's & Misses' Suits & Coats
Men's & Boys' Clottiing, nee*
Men's & Boys' Trousers & Slacks
Textile Bags
Men's & Boys' Shirts
Towl for SIC Code 23

Recycled
On-site
Pounds
131,240
11,872
47,864
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
190,976
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Treated
On-site
Pounds
581,347
0
0
0
0
0
42,000
0
19,915
0
0
643,262

Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
0
0
0
754
0
0
0
686
0
0
0
1,440
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
59,152
0
0
63,304
16,185
532
0
257
0
0
0
139,430
Quantity Total Non-
Released Production- Production-
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
195
0
7,907
0
0
0
8,102
On- and
Off-site
Pounds
549,019
252,715
176,205
145,138
115,855
64,338
2,000
24,400
2
9,935
72
1,339,679
related
Waste
Pounds
1,320,758
264,587
224,069
209,196
132,040
65,065
44,000
33,250
19,917
9,935
72
2,322,889
related
Waste
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
*n«c: not elsewhere classified.
 158
-------
                                       Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
management option. Distribution of production-
related waste for the top industries in the sector
appears in Figure 5-9.
                                   On-site Waste
                                   Management
                                      35.9%
  Quantity
  Released
   57.7%
                                     Off-site Waste
                                     Management
                                        6.4%
    Figure 5-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related
      Waste, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
                   (SIC Code 23)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
Projected Quantities of TRI
Chemicals in Waste

Projections by the apparel and fabricated textiles
sector, presented in Table 5-10, show that
quantities released on- and off-site were expected
to decrease by 65.7%, or 880,000 pounds, through
1998. Decreases were projected for all categories
including off-site treatment (43.3% or 3,500
pounds), on-site recycling (27.4% or 52,000
pounds) and off-site energy recovery (17.7% or
25,000 pounds). Overall, these reductions were
expected to bring about a 42.9% decrease (997,000
pounds) in total production-related waste by 1998.
(As explained in Chapter 1, facilities not only
report current data but project waste management
quantities for the next two years hi their TRI
submissions.) Figure 5-10 shows the sector's
projected change in waste management through
1998.
90% -
80% -
70% -
60% -
50% -
40% -
30% -
20% -
10% -
0% -

[||
1
m%

\
fe

1
I
I

i

1
11
$8

Sss

T?

|






H Quantity Released
• Treated Off-site
M Energy Recovery Off-site
D Recycled Off-site
CD Treated On-site
S Energy Recovery On-site
B Recycled On-site


2396 Invalid 2392 2353 2399 2389 2337 2329 2325 2393
Figure 5-9. Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with
Largest Totals, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "23" that do not exist in the current Standard Industrial Classification code system.
                                                                                                 159
-------
           Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Table 5-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:  Apparel and Fabricated
Textiles, SIC Code 23
Waste Management Activity
On-sitc Waste Manaeement
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 23
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 23
Current Year 1996
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
190,976 8.2
0 0.0
643,262 27.7
1,440 0.1
139,430 6.0
8,102 0.3
1,339,679 57.7
2,322,889 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1997
Percent
-10.8
-4.8
-2.8
-10.4
-33.5
-42.3
-27.4
Projected 1997
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
170,389 10.1
0 0.0
612,500 36.3
1,400 0.1
124,864 7.4
5,390 0.3
772,590 45.8
1,687,133 100.0
Projected Change
1997-1998
Percent
-18.6
-1.0
0.0
-8.0
-14.8
-40.5
-21.4
Projected 1998
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
138,640 10.5
0 0.0
606,300 45.7
1,400 0.1
114,814 8.7
4,590 0.3
459,997 34.7
1,325,741 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1998
Percent
-27.4
-5.7
-2.8
-17.7
-43.3
-65.7
-42.9
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
 160
-------
                                    Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
                  On-site Waste
                   Management
Off-site Waste
 Management
Quantity Released
  On-and Off-site
Total Production-
  related Waste
           Figure 5-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in
                Waste, 1996-1998: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23)
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
 The effect of the projected reductions in the apparel
 and fabricated textiles sector's reporting would be
 to increase the role of on-site treatment in the
 sector's management of TRI chemicals in waste,
 from 27.7% of production-related waste in  1996 to
 45.7% in 1998. At the same time, releases would
 decrease from 57.7% of production-related waste in
 1996 to 34.7% in 1998. While this is still a high
 percentage for releases, the projected changes
 indicate improvement in the sector's waste
 management practices as measured by the waste
 management hierarchy, explained in Chapter 1. In
 that hierarchy of options, releases are the least
 environmentally desirable action. However,
 treatment is still a less preferred option, for
 environmental consequences, than recycling or
 energy recovery.

 Source Reduction Activity

 Approximately one-third (34.0%) of the forms
 submitted in the apparel and fabricated textiles
              sector indicated that one or more source reduction
              activities was being implemented for that chemical
              in 1996. Seven of the 10 industries in the sector
              reported such activity. Six forms reported process
              modifications, and six forms reported raw materials
              modifications, the categories most likely to
              represent innovative source reduction projects.
              Table 5-11 presents these data.

              Year-to-Year
              Comparisons for Apparel
              and  Fabricated Textiles

              1995-1996 TRI Data for Apparel and
              Fabricated Textiles

              The number of forms submitted in the apparel and
              fabricated textiles sector was about the same in
              1995 and 1996, increasing from 46 in 1995 to 47 in
              1996, as shown in Table 5-12.
                                                                                         161
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          Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles


Table 5-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activities
SIC
Code

2321
2325
2329
2337
2353
23S9
2392
2393
2396
2399



Industry

Men's & Boys' Shirts
Men's & Boys' Trousers & Slacks
Men's & Boys' Clothing, pec*
Women's & Misses' Suits & Coats
Hits, dps, & Millinery
Apparel & Accessories, nee*
Household Furnishings, nee*
Textile Bags
Automotive & Apparel Trimmings
Fabricated Textile Products, nee*
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 23
Total for SIC Code 23
Total
Forms
Number
3
1
2
2
7
5
3
2
14
4
4
47


Number
3
0
0
2
3
1
3
0
3
1
0
16
Percent of
All Forms
Percent
100.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
42.9
20.0
100.0
0.0
21.4
25..0
0.0
34.0
Good

Operating Inventory
Practices
Number
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
Control
Number
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
Category of Source Reduction Activltv
Spill
and Leak
Prevention
Number
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Raw
Material
Modifi-
cations
Number
0
0
0
0
1
1
3
0
1
0
0
6
Process
M odin-
cations
Number
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
2
1
0
6
Surface
Cleaning Preparation
and
Degreasing
Number
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
and
Finishing
Number
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Product
Modifi-
cations
Number
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 On- and Off-site Releases

 The sector's reported on- and off-site releases for
 1995 and 1996 also appear in Table 5-12. Total
 releases increased slightly from 1.29 million
 pounds to 1.32 million pounds. On-site releases in
 the apparel and fabricated textiles sector decreased
 by 7,000 pounds from 1995 to 1996.

 Off-site releases (transfers to disposal) reported in
 the apparel and fabricated textiles sector more than
 doubled from 1995 to 1996, from 28,000 pounds to
 63,000 pounds.

 Figure 5-11 illustrates the sector's change in
 releases for 1995-1996 in percentage terms.

 Other On-site Waste Management

 Amounts of other on-site waste management
 reported in the apparel and fabricated textiles sector
 increased from 640,000 pounds in 1995 to 834,000
 pounds in 1996, as shown in Table 5-12. The
 change from 1995 to 1996 was an increase of
 195,000 pounds or 30.4%, occurring in both on-site
 treatment and on-site recycling.
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

Table 5-12 also presents the sector's 1995-1996
data for transfers off-site for further waste
management. Such transfers decreased from
170,000 pounds to 142,000 pounds in this period, a
16.7% reduction. This represented a substantial
drop hi transfers to treatment (99.1%,  or 60,000
pounds), partly offset by an increase in transfers to
energy recovery (30.9%, or 33,000 pounds).

Changes in SIC Codes

As indicated in facility descriptions below, some
facilities report different SIC codes over time. This
may reflect new or discontinued lines  of
production, or it may represent a different
understanding of how SIC code designations relate
to a facility's business activities. These changes can
contribute—sometimes largely—to apparent
increases or decreases across comparison years in
the amounts reported by the four-digit, or even
two-digit, SIC codes.
 162
-------
                                                Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Table 5-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for
Further Waste Management, 1995-1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1995
Number
23
46
45
1
Pounds

1,258,927
81,334
1,177,593
5
0
250
1,259,024

27,842
1,287,024

138,311
0
501,405
639,716

3,021
106,707
60,300
255
0
170,283

1996
Number
25
47
45
2
Pounds

1,252,519
128,987
1,123,532
0
0
5
1,252,524

63,177
1,315,701

190,976
0
643,262
834,238

1,440
. 139,653
535
255
0
141,883
Change
1995 to 1996
Percent
8.7
2.2
0.0
100.0
Percent

-0.5
58.6
-4.6
-100.0
—
-98.0
-0.5

126.9
2.2

38.1
—
28.3
30.4

-52.3
30.9
-99.1
0.0
—
-16.7
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste
Management from Section 8 of Form R.  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of
Form R. Breakdown of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code.
                                                                                                                        163
-------
          Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
      150
      100
      50
      -SO-
     •100-
     -150
                   Air
Surface
 Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
 Disposal
            Figure 5-11.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:
                           Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23)
Note: On-sltc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995.
1988-1996 TRI Data for Apparel and
Fabricated Textiles

Reporting by four-digit SIC codes in this sector
reflects the level of economic change that has
characterized the apparel trades in the last decade.
In a number of industries, TRI forms have been
filed in only one or two of the years shown in these
tables (1988 and 1994-1996). These may represent
plant closures, relocation of operations in other
parts  of the United States or abroad, changes hi
product lines, reinterpretation of SIC codes when
facility ownership changes, or reporting errors in
earlier years. In several categories of data reported
to TRI, the largest changes result from amounts
reported in 1988 and "no reports received" in later
years or vice versa.
                  As explained in Chapter 1, comparisons from the
                  1988 TRI baseline year to the current year rely on
                  the list of "core" TRI chemicals that were
                  reportable, with the same reporting definition, in all
                  years. These multi-year comparisons also review
                  only the data elements that were collected in all
                  years, which excludes from this section any
                  analysis that distinguishes RCRA subtitle C
                  landfills from other land releases as well as analysis
                  based on the types of underground injection wells.
                  On-site waste management data and transfers off-
                  site to recycling and to energy recovery have been
                  collected only since 1991; these data are included,
                  but cannot be compared across the full 1988-1996
                  period.

                  The number of forms for "core" chemicals
                  decreased from 45 forms in 1988 to 37 forms in
164
-------
                                      Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
1996 in the apparel and fabricated textiles sector, as
shown in Table 5-13.

Total on- and off-site releases reported in this
sector increased from 1.0 million pounds in 1988 to
1.2 million pounds in 1996, an increase of 16.5%.
This change arose from increased reporting of point
source air emissions, from 620,000 pounds in 1988
to 1.0 million pounds in 1996. Small decreases, of
about 40,000 pounds each, were reported in on-site
land releases and in off-site releases (transfers to
disposal).

Figure 5-12 illustrates percentage change in on- and
off-site releases from 1988 to 1996 for this sector.

On-site waste management and transfers off-site for
recycling or energy recovery were not collected in
1988. Table 5-13 presents these data for recent
years. For this sector, other on-site waste
management increased from 739,000 pound in
1994 to 781,000 pounds in 1996. This included a
97,000-pound increase in on-site treatment, partly
offset by a 56,000-pound decrease in on-site
recycling.

Off-site transfers to treatment and to POTWs
decreased by nearly 100% from 1988 to 1996 in the
apparel and fabricated textiles sector's reporting, as
shown in Table 5-13.

1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in
Apparel and Fabricated Textiles

Tables 5-14 through 5-16 summarize data for 1988
and 1994-1996 for industries at the four-digit SIC
code level within SIC code 23. The tables present,
respectively, on- and off-site releases, other on-site
waste management, and transfers off-site for further
waste management.

On- and Off-site Releases

Table 5-14 provides release data for all four-digit
SIC codes in the apparel and fabricated textiles
sector for 1988-1996.
The largest decrease in on- and off-site releases in
this sector resulted from reporting of 98,000 pounds
of air emissions in the pleating and stitching
industry (SIC code 2395) in 1988 and no forms
filed in this industry in 1996. Forms were submitted
in all comparison years on Table 5-14 in the
miscellaneous apparel and accessories industry
(SIC code 2389), which had the second largest
decrease. This was a reduction of 97,000 pounds in
air emissions and total releases from 1988 to 1996.
All other net decreases for 1988-1996 in this sector
represented forms filed in 1988 with none
submitted in 1996.

The largest increase in total releases reported in this
sector was in automotive and apparel trimmings
(SIC code 2396), from 247,000 pounds in 1988 to
537,000 pounds in 1996. Miscellaneous household
furnishings (SIC code 2392) ranked second for
1988-1996 increase in releases, reporting 250
pounds in 1988 and  176,000 pounds in 1996. The
industry with the third-largest increase in reported
releases was miscellaneous fabricated textiles (SIC
code 2399).  This industry reported 750 pounds in
1988  and 81,000 pounds in 1996. Increases in all
three  industries were attributable to ah- emissions.

Other On-site Waste Management

The women's and misses' suits and coats industry
(SIC code 2337) reported the largest 1994-1996
decrease in other on-site waste management
(on-site waste management data were  not collected
in 1988). This industry reported 109,000 pounds in
1994  and 42,000 pounds in 1996, entirely in on-site
treatment. Schiffli machine embroideries (SIC code
2397) reported 39,000 pounds of on-site treatment
in 1994; no reports were filed in this industry in
1996. The next-largest 1994-1996 reduction was
reported in miscellaneous apparel and accessories
(SIC code 2389), from 31,000 pounds to zero
(forms submitted with zero amounts in on-site
waste management categories).
                                                                                              165
-------
             Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Table 5-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for
Further Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23


Tola! Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
TmmfegJ3f£site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
1988
Number
31
45
45
NA
Pounds

881,030
260,793
620,237
250
0
40,849
922,129

103,568
1,025,697

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
45,425
276,730
5,351
NA
1994
Number
33
56
56
NA
Pounds

1,311,246
271,594
1,039,652
3
0
25
1,311,274

69,673
1,380,947

245,936
0
493,412
739,348

88,230
125,515
121,699
2,636
0
338,080
1995
Number
24
41
41
0
Pounds

1,231,889
73,546
1,158,343
5'
0
250
1,232,144

27,842
1,259,986

138,311
0
501,405
639,716

3,021
103,627
60,050
255
0
166,953
Change
1996 1988 to 1996
Number
22
37
36
1
Pounds

1,132,350
97,960
1,035,190
0
0
5
1,132,355

62,927
1,195,282

190,376
600
590,347
780,723

1,440
136,573
535
255
0
138,803
Percent
-29.0
-17.8
-20.0
NA
Percent

28.5
-62.7
66.9
-100.0
-
-100.0
22.8

-39.2
16.5

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
-98.8
-99.9
-100.0
NA
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-.sltc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste Management
from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Breakdown
of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996. For 1994-1996, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
WMle management code. For 1988, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code or codes not required to be reported in
1988. NA: not required to be reported in that year.
 166
-------
                                        Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
        40
        20-
        0-
       -20-
     Q -40-
       -60-
       -80-
       -100-
       -120
                    Air
                                   Surface
                                    Water
Underground
   Injection
On-site
 Land
Transfers
Off-site to
 Disposal
                  Figure 5-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases,
                      1988-1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996.
The two industries with the largest increases in
other on-site waste management for 1994 to 1996
were the same as those with the largest increases in
total releases for 1988 to 1996: automotive and
apparel trimmings (SIC code 2396), with 493,000
pounds in 1994 and 679,000 pounds in 1996, and
miscellaneous household furnishings (SIC code
2392), with 44,000 pounds in 1994 and 48,000
pounds in 1996. The reported increases occurred in
on-site treatment for automotive and apparel
trimmings industry and in on-site recycling for the
household furnishings industry.

On-site waste management data for 1994-1996
appear hi Table 5-15.
   Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
   Management

   The hats, caps, and millinery industry (SIC code
   2353) had the largest decrease in transfers off-site
   for further waste management reported for
   1994-1996 in the apparel and fabricated textiles
   sector (data for some types of off-site transfers
   were not collected in 1988). This industry reported
   72,000 pounds in 1994 and 64,000 pounds in 1996;
   an increase in transfers to energy recovery was
   more than offset by reductions in transfers to
   recycling and treatment. The fur goods industry
   (SIC code 2371), ranking second for decreases, had
   6,000 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste
   management in 1994, mostly  in transfers to
                                                                                                   167
-------
             Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Table 5-14.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles,
SIC Code 23
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
2321



2322



2326



2329



2337



2341



2353



2371



2381



2385



Industry Year
Men's & Boys' Shirts



Men's & Boys' Underwear & Nightwear



Men's & Boys' Work Clothing



Men's & Boys' Clothing, nee*



Women's & Misses' Suits & Coats



Women's & Children's Underwear



Hats, Caps, & Millinery



Bir Goods



Fabric Dress & Work Gloves



Waterproof Outerwear



96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground Releases
Emissions Discharges Injection to Land
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
60
20
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
10
19,361
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
50
24,400
37,407
42,997
0
2,005
4,055
5,355
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
22,200
145,138
237,956
346,903
70,100
No reports received
No reports received
40,412
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
8,900
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
2,000
0
0




1
0



0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0




0
0
0
0
0


0




0



0
o 	
0




0
0



0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0




0
0
0
0
0


0




0



0
0
0




20
0



0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0




0
0
0
0
0


0




0



0
Off-site
Releases

Total Transfers Total On-
On-site Off-site to and Off-site
Releases Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds Pound
60
20




31
19,361



50
24,400
37,407
42,997
0
2,005
4,055
5,355




22,200
145,138
237,956
346,903
70,100


40,412




8,900



2,000
0
0




0
0



11,441
7,872
7,742
0
9,943
0
0
0




0
0
0
0
11,899


0




0



0
60
20




31
19,361



11,491
32,272
45,149
42,997
9,943
2,005
4,055
5,355




22,200
145,138
237,956
346,903
81,999


40,412




8,900



2,000
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 23 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 168
-------
                                                 Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
 Table 5-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles,
 SIC Code 23, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
2386


2389



2392



2393



2394



2395



2396



2397



2399















Industry
Leather & Sheep-lined Clothing


Apparel & Accessories, nee*



Household Furnishings, nee*



Textile Bags



Canvas & Related Products



Pleating & Stitching



Automotive & Apparel Trimmings



Schiffli Machine Embroideries



Fabricated Textile Products, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 23



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 23



Total for SIC Code 23


'
Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
43,120
64,239
77,687
83,857
161,302
176,205
174,580
149,694
250
10
10
10
No reports received
No reports received
0
10
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
98,062
494,381
470,710
430,493
217,144
No reports received
No reports received
255
No reports received
69,597
74,387
16,508
750
No reports received
No reports received
33,595
36,807
156,315
155,077
161,147
200,984
1,132,350
1,231,889
1,311,246
881,030


0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


0
0




0
0
0
0
0


0

0
5
0
0


0
250
0
0
2
0
0
5
3
250


0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


0
0




0
0
0
0
0


0

0
0
0
0


0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds


0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


0
0




0
5
0
5
0


0

0
250
0
0


0
99
0
0
0
40,500
5
250
25
40,849
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds


43,120
64,239
77,687
83,857
161,552
176,205
174,580
149,694
250
10
10
10


0
10




98,062
494,386
470,710
430,498
217,144


255

69,597
74,642
16,508
750


33,595
37,156
156,315
155,077
161,149
241,484
1,132,355
1,232,144
1,311,274
922,129
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds


0
505
250
0
85
0
0
0
0
250
0
0


0
0




0
42,600
12,150
61,973
29,700


0

11,700
7,700
7,700
0


0
0
0
0
0
40,500
62,927
27,842
69,673
103,568
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds


43,120
64,744
77,937
83,857
161,637
176,205
174,580
149,694
250
260
10
10


0
10




98,062
536,986
482,860
492,471
246,844


255

81,297
82,342
24,208
750


33,595
37,156
156,315
155,077
161,149
281,984
1,195,282
1,259,986
1,380,947
1,025,697
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 23 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                      169
-------
            Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Table 5-15.  TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Apparel and Fabricated
Textiles, SIC Code 23
SIC
Code
2321



2322



2326



2329



2337



2341



2353



2371



2381



2385



Industry
Men's & Boys' Shirts



Men's & Boys' Underwear & Nightwear



Men's & Boys' Work Clothing



Men's & Boys' Clothing, nee*



Women's & Misses' Suits & Coats



Women's & Children's Underwear



Hats, Caps, & Millinery



Fur Goods



Fabric Dress & Work Gloves



Waterproof Outerwear



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Energy
Recycled Recovery
On-site On-site
Pounds Pounds
0
0
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0




0
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0




NA
0
0
0
NA


0
NA



NA



NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
0
0




1,609
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
42,000
81,000
109,000




NA
0
0
0
NA


0
NA



NA



NA
Total
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
0
0




1,609
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
42,000
81,000
109,000




NA
0
0
0
NA


0
NA



NA



NA
Note: Dala from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 23 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 170
-------
                                              Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Table 5-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Apparel and Fabricated
Textiles, SIC Code 23, Continued
SIC
Code
2386


2389



2392



2393



2394



2395



2396



2397



2399















Industry
Leather & Sheep-lined Clothing


Apparel & Accessories, nee*



Household Furnishings, nee*



Textile Bags



Canvas & Related Products



Pleating & Stitching



Automotive & Apparel Trimmings



Schiffli Machine Embroideries



Fabricated Textile Products, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 23



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 23



Total for SIC Code 23



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Energy
Recycled Recovery
On-site On-site
Pounds Pounds
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
31,405
NA
47,864
42,230
44,110
NA
0
0
0
No reports received
No reports received
0
0
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
130,640
76,670
149,030
NA
No reports received
No reports received
0
No reports received
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
0
NA
11,872
19,411
21,391
NA
190,376
138,311
245,936
NA


NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0


0
0




NA
0
0
0
NA


0

0
0
0
NA


0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds


NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0


0
0




NA
548,347
419,000
343,848
NA


38,955

0
1,405
0
NA


0
NA
0
0
0
NA
590,347
501,405
493,412
NA
Total
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds


NA
0
0
31,405
NA
47,864
42,230
44,110
NA
0
0
0


0
0




NA
678,987
495,670
492,878
NA


38,955

0
1,405
0
NA


0
NA
11,872
19,411
21,391
NA
780,723
639,716
739,348
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 23 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                171
-------
          Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
 treatment and no forms in 1996. The miscellaneous
 apparel and accessories industry (SIC code 2389)
 was the third-ranked industry, reporting 7,000
 pounds in 1994 and 1,000 in 1996. This reduction
 was attributable to transfers to recycling.

 The automotive and apparel trimmings industry
 (SIC code 2396) reported the largest increase in
 transfers off-site for further waste management for
 1994-1996, from 36,000 pounds in 1994 and
 56,000 pounds in 1996. The miscellaneous
 fabricated textile products industry (SIC code 2399)
 ranked second for increases in this category,
 increasing from 5,000 pounds to 16,000 pounds.
 The principal factor in both industries' increase was
 reporting of larger amounts of transfers to energy
 recovery. No other sectors reported increases from
 1994 to 1996.

 Table 5-16 presents data for the apparel and
 fabricated textiles sector's transfers off-site for
 further waste management.

 Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
 in Releases,  1988-1996

 Glenmore Plastic Industries in Brooklyn, New
 York (did not report in 1988, SIC code 2392 in
 1996), was first in Increases with an overall
 increase of 176,000 pounds. The chemical 1,1,1-
 trichloroethane was responsible for 71% of the
 increase. Printing operations for shower curtains
 and table cloths used 1,1,1-trichloroethane as a
 solvent for inks. The plant did not start using the
 chemical until after the 1988 reporting year.
 However, beginning hi 1992, the facility began
 converting to water-based inks. Since the 1996
 reporting year, Glenmore has switched entirely to
water-based inks and has ceased using 1,1,1-
 trichloroethane altogether. (For more information
on the Glenmore facility, see "Facilities with Large
Increases and Decreases in Waste Management,
 1991-1996.")
 Tri-Con Industries, Ltd., in Columbia, Missouri
 (did not report in 1988, SIC code 2351 in 1996),
 was the second-ranked facility for increases with a
 total increase of 156,000 pounds. Methyl ethyl
 ketone accounted for 75% of the increase. The
 facility closed in 1996. No information was
 available.

 Hat Brands, Inc., in Garland, Texas (did not report
 in 1988, SIC code 2353 in 1996), was third in
 increases with 103,000 pounds. 82,000 pounds of
 methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) stack emissions
 were reported in 1996. This made up 80% of the
 facility's overall increase. Now operating under the
 name, HATCO, the facility is the site of straw hat
 manufacture. The straw hats are coated with a
 lacquer that contains MIBK. The  facility contact
 stated that no information was available for
 reporting years prior to 1995 and  that it was unclear
 why the facility did not report in 1988.

 Champion Products in Perry, New York (SIC code
 2389), was first in decreases with 97,000 pounds. A
 55,000 pound reduction in dichloromethane
 reporting accounted for 57% of the facility's overall
 decrease. Between 1988 and 1996, the facility's
 production focus shifted from cotton to nylon
 athletic wear. Less dichloromethane was required
 to clean the nylon products, according to the
 facility contact. The facility has also undergone a
 decrease in production between comparison years.

 E.R. Moore Company in Chicago, Illinois (SIC
 code 2388 in 1988 and 2389 in 1996), ranked
 second with a 95,000 pound decrease, all in
reported tetrachloroethylene releases. The reduction
is attributable to two factors, according to the
facility contact: a cleaning process substitution and
more frequent monitoring. E.R. Moore
manufactures and rents academic  caps and gowns.
172
-------
                                                 Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Table 5-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Apparel and
Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23
SIC
Code
2321



2322



2326



2329



2337



2341



2353



2371



2381



2385



2386



Industry
Men's & Boys' Shirts



Men's & Boys' Underwear & Nightwear



Men's & Boys' Work Clothing



Men's & Boys' Clothing, nee*



Women's & Misses' Suits & Coats



Women's & Children's Underwear



Hats, Caps, & Millinery



Fur Goods



Fabric Dress & Work Gloves



Waterproof Outerwear



Leather & Sheep-lined Clothing



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to Transfers
to Recycling Recovery Treatment toPOTWs
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
0
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
686
217
0
NA
0
0
0
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
754
2,554
7,787
NA
No reports received
No reports received
0
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0.
0




0
NA



NA
257
0
0
NA
0
0
0




NA
63,304
37,028
50,034
NA


913




NA



NA



NA
0
0




0
0



0
35
225
5,285
0
0
0
0




0
0
2,220
14,600
2,277


4,868




29,200



9,100



0
0
0




750
28,667



30,164
0
0
0
0
250
250
250




22,000
0
0
0
0


0




0



500



0
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Off-site Further Waste
Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds
0
0




0
0



0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0




0
0
0
0
4,811


0




0



0



0
0
0




750
NA



NA
978
442
5,285
NA
250
250
250




NA
64,058
41,802
72,421
NA


5,781




NA



NA



NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 23 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                        173
-------
             Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Table 5-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Apparel and
Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23, Continued
SIC
Code
2389



7392



2393



2394



2395



2396



2397



2399















Industry
Apparel & Accessories, nee*



Household Furnishings, nee*



Textile Bags



Canvas & Related Products



Pleating & Stitching



Automotive & Apparel Trimmings



Schiffli Machine Embroideries



Fabricated Textile Products, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 23



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 23



Total for SIC Code 23



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
0
6,001
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
No reports received
No reports received
0
0
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
0
No reports received
0
0
2,200
NA
No reports received
No reports received
0
NA
0
250
72,242
NA
1,440
3,021
88,230
NA
755
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0


0
0




NA
56,072
56,292
35,469
NA


0

16,185
10,307
1,631
NA


0
NA
0
0
37,468
NA
136,573
103,627
125,515
NA
500
1,250
625
4,348
0
0
3,565
0
0
750
0


0
0




0
0
0
430
250


0

0
5
5
0


0
0
0
55,600
92,321
250
535
60,050
121,699
45,425
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10,975
0
0
0


0
0




33,858
0
0
0
0


0

5
5
1,636
0


0
0
0
0
0
150,566
255
255
2,636
276,730
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


0
0




0
0
0
0
0


0

0
0
0
0


0
0
0
0
0
540
0
0
0
5,351
1,255
1,250
6,626
NA
0
0
3,565
NA
0
750
0


0
0




NA
56,072
56,292
35,899
NA


0

16,190
10,317
5,472
NA


0
NA
0
55,850
202,031
NA
138,803
166,953
338,080
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 23 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 174
-------
                                     Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Sandusky, Ltd., in Sandusky, Ohio (SIC code
2396), was third with a 90,000 pound reduction.
The manufacturer of automotive vinyls, such as
door panels and dashboard material, also ranked
first for increases in waste management (see
"Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in
Waste Management, 1991-1996"). Methyl ethyl
ketone (MEK), used as an ink solvent, accounted
for 81% of the facility's decrease. Conversions to
water-based inks within some processes at the plant
resulted in a significant reduction of MEK releases
between 1988 and 1991. MEK was not eliminated
from all processes, however. A production increase
between 1994 and 1996 resulted in the facility's
ranking as a top increaser in total amount of waste
managed between 1991 and 1996, with 82% of this
increase attributable to MEK reporting.

Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
Releases, 1988-1996

In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
large apparent increases and decreases, which have
been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
Because these are errors or plant closures and not
actual changes in the  data, these facilities are not
discussed in detail here. There is one such facility
in the apparel and fabricated textiles sector:

   Grimes Aerospace Company, Columbus, Ohio,
   decrease of 98,000 pounds, plant closure.

1991-1996  Waste Management Data
for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles

Table 5-17 summarizes on- and off-site waste
management data for the apparel and fabricated
textiles sector for 1991, when TRI began collecting
this information, and  the three most recent years
(1994-1996). Total production-related waste
reported in this sector decreased from 2.3 million
pounds to 2.1 million pounds (8.3%) from 1991 to
1996.
 Decreases from 1991 to 1996 were reported for on-
 site recycling (31.9%), off-site recycling (65.7%),
 off-site treatment (96.3%) and quantities released
 on- and off-site (12.2%). Increases were reported in
 on-site treatment (56.1%) and off-site energy
 recovery (93.8%).

 Figure 5-13 illustrates the percentage change in
 waste management quantities in this sector from
 1991 to 1996.

 The changes in the apparel and fabricated textiles
 sector's management of TRI chemicals in waste
 from 1991 to 1996 show little improvement, as
 measured by the waste management hierarchy
 (explained in Chapter 1).  As production-related
 waste decreased in this sector, both releases and
 recycling also decreased.  These are, respectively,
 the least desirable management option for
 environmental consequences and the most
 environmentally desirable option for waste that
 cannot be eliminated at the source.

 Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
 in Waste Management. 1991-1996

'. Sandusky, Ltd., in Sandusky, Ohio (SIC code
 2396), was first in increases of production-related
 waste. The manufacturer of automotive vinyls, such
 as door panel and dashboard material, was ranked
 third for decreases in releases (see "Facilities with
 Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-
 1996"). Methyl ethyl ketone, used as an ink
 solvent, was responsible for 82% of the facility's
 overall 286,000-pound increase. A production
 increase is cited as the reason for the change.

 Tri-Con Industries, Ltd., in Columbia, Missouri
 (SIC code 2351),  was the second-ranked facility for
 increases with a total increase of 168,000 pounds.
 Methyl ethyl ketone, a significant contributor to the
 facility's ranking as a major increaser in releases
 (see "Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
                                                                                             175
-------
            Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Table 5-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996: Apparel and Fabricated Textiles, SIC Code 23
Waste Management Activity
Qn-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
1991
Pounds
279,602
0
378,208
657,810
4,196
70,359
220,250
294,805
1,388,265
2,340,880
6,066
Change
1994-1995
Percent
-43.8
1.6
-13.5
-70.7
-17.4
-48.2
-42.2
-9.2
-15.0
-90.5
1994
Pounds
246,116
0
493,412
739,528
82,225
125,485
128,429
336,139
1,374,738
2,450,405
242
Change
1995-1996
Percent
37.6
17.7
22.0
-94.0
31.6
-87.8
-24.9
-2.3
3.1
-87.0
1995
Pounds
138,311
0
501,405
639,716
24,089
103,599
66,539
194,227
1,247,993
2,081,936
23
Change
1991-1996
Percent
-31.9
56.1
18.7
-65.7
93.8
-96.3
-50.5
-12.2
-8.3
-100.0
1996
Pounds
190,376
600
590,347
780,723
1,440
136,350
8,102
145,892
1,219,144
2,145,759
3







Note: Docs not include dclisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
 176
-------
                                        Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
    -wo-
    -150
         Recycled   Energy   Treated
          On-site Recovery   On-site
                  On-site
           On-site Waste Management
Recycled    Energy   Treated          Quantity
 Off-site   Recovery    Off-site      Released On-
          Off-site                 and Off-site
  Off-site Waste Management
    Total
Production-
   related
   Waste
        Figure 5-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
                            Apparel and Fabricated Textiles (SIC Code 23)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
in Releases, 1988-1996"), accounted for 77% of the
increase. Most of this increase in production-related
waste is the result of the facility's increase in MEK
releases (reported as quantities released on- and
off-site). The facility closed in 1996. No
information was available.

United Techs. Automotive Systems in West Olive,
Michigan (SIC code 2396), was third with an
overall 46,000 pound increase. Phenol was
responsible for all of the facility's increase. The
chemical is produced as a by-product of a process
where recycled fabrics, such as blue jeans, T-shirts,
and sweatshirts are shredded and combined with
resin and then hot molded into pads that are used in
automotive interiors. Phenol is produced in the hot-
molding process. The increase in reporting is
             largely due to changes in emissions estimation
             methodology, according to the facility contact.

             Burrell-Leder Beltech, Inc., in Skokie, Illinois (SIC
             code 2399 in 1991, did not report in 1996), was
             first in decreases with 187,000 pounds. All of this
             change was due to a switch from solvent-based
             construction material coatings to water-based
             coatings. The contact did not specify the type of
             construction material produced at this site. Methyl
             ethyl ketone accounted for all of the facility's
             decrease.

             Glenmore Plastic Industries in Brooklyn, New
             York (SIC code 2392), was second in decreases
             with an overall 109,000 pound reduction. This plant
             is ranked as the top increaser in releases  from 1988
             to  1996 (see "Facilities with Large Increases and
                                                                                                    177
-------
         Chapter 5 — TRI Data for Apparel and Fabricated Textiles
Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996"). The chemical
1,1,1-trichloroethane was used as an ink solvent in
1991, when the facility reported releases (also
reported as quantity released on- or off-site, a
production-related waste category) of 178,000
pounds of this chemical. Beginning in 1992, 1,1,1-
trichloroethane usage declined as the facility
switched to water-based inks, accounting for the
ranking as a major decreaser in production-related
waste.

Champion Products, Inc., in Perry, New York (SIC
code 2389), was third in decreases with a 99,000
pound decrease. The facility also ranked first in
decreases of releases. Dichloromethane reported as
quantity released was responsible for 53% of the
facility's reduction. See "6.2.2 Facilities with Large
Increases and Decreases hi Releases, 1988-1996"
for more information.

Facilities Contacted for Explanations
(alphabetical by facility):

   Burrell-Leder Beltech, Inc., Skokie, Illinois:
   Eduardo Arce, August 11,1998 (explanation
   provided)
Champion Products, Lie., Perry, New York:
Joe Galarneau, August 27, 1998 (explanation
provided)
E. R. Moore Company, Chicago, Illinois:
Tom Hoy, September 16,1998 and Roger
Wandersee, September 21, 1988 (explanation
provided)
Glenmore Plastics Industries, Brooklyn, New
York: Leslie Liebowitz, August 12,  1998
(explanation provided)
Grimes Aerospace Co., Columbus, Ohio: Ray
White, August 12, 1998 (explanation provided)
Hat Brands, Inc., Garland, Texas: Tyra
Anderson, August 7 and  August 24,1998
(explanation provided)
Sandusky, Ltd., Sandusky, Ohio: Dinesh
Parekh, August 11 and August 12, 1998
(explanation provided)
Tri-Con Industries, Ltd.,  Columbia,  Missouri:
no contact information available.
                i
United Techs. Automotive Systems, West
Olive, Michigan: Chris Kull, September 16,
1998 (explanation provided)
178
-------
                                 Chapter 6
              Toxics Release Inventory Data
             for Lumber and  Wood Products
                             (SIC Code 24)
A Look at the Lumber and

Wood Products Industry

(SIC Code 24)

The lumber and wood products sector (SIC code
24) cuts timber and pulpwood, saws rough lumber
and timber, and re-saws veneer stock, dimension
(components cut to nominal or precise sizes for use
in manufacturing finished wood products), flooring,
frames for furniture, and other products. Facilities
in this sector also produce veneer and plywood. In
addition, the sector mills shutters, moldings,
staircases, and similar goods, manufactures wood
kitchen cabinets, and produces window and door
units. Other products include prefabricated houses
and mobile homes. Facilities that treat wood
products, including railroad crossties, are included
in SIC code 24, as are those that manufacture
reconstituted wood products such as fiberboard,
particleboard, and wallboard. Furniture, however, is
classified in SIC code 25. Box 6-1 lists Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and their
designations for this sector. In TRI, SIC codes are
given as reported by the facilities; these may differ
from information  in economic and other data
collections.
The lumber and wood products sector shipped
products valued at $106.52 billion in 1996, up from
$104.94 in 1995 (both in current dollars). This was
about 3% of the value of all manufacturing
shipments in the United States. The sector
employed 739,000 in 1996, down slightly from
740,000 in 1995. Employment in lumber and wood
products industries dropped substantially in 1991,
but grew steadily through 1995 to its highest level
in the last decade. Production in this sector has
grown modestly in the 1990s, increasing 5.3% from
1989 to 1996, compared to 17.6% for all U.S.
manufacturing (see Chapter 1, Table 1-10).

Industries in millwork, plywood, and structural
members (SIC code 243) contributed the largest
portion of the sector's shipments ($31.80 billion)
and employment (257,000) in 1996. Sawmills and
planing mills (SIC code 242) were second with
$29.70 billion in shipments and employment of
172,000. The sector's largest customer is the
construction and building sector.

Basic activities in the lumber and wood  products
sector are logging, sawing wood into sizes and
shapes for further use, cutting and gluing veneer
(layers) into plywood, reconstituting wood particles
or other fragments into boards, and treating wood
surfaces. Lumber and wood generally must be kept
                                                                                 179
-------
               Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
 Box 6-1. SIC Code 24, Lumber and Wood Products, Except Furniture:  Codes and Classifications
   SIC Code
                                                                Industry Description
   241    Logging

          2411   Logging


   242    Sawmills and Planing Mills
          2421   Sawmills and Planing Mills, General
          2426   Hardwood Dimension and Flooring Mills
          2429   Special Product Sawmills, nee*
  243    Millwork, Vcnccr, Plywood, and Structural
          Wood Members

          2431   Millwork
          2434   Wood Kitchen Cabinets


          2435   Hardwood Veneer and Plywood


          2436   Softwood Veneer and Plywood

          2439   Structural Wood Members, nee*

  244     Wood Containers
          2441   Nailed and Lock Comer Wood Boxes and Shook

          2448   Wood Pallets and Skids

          2449   Wood Containers, nee*

  245     Wood Buildings and Mobile Homes

          2451   Mobile Homes

          2452   Prefabricated Wood Buildings and Components

  249     Miscellaneous Wood Products

          2491   Wood Preserving


          2493   Reconstituted Wood Products

         2499  Wood Products, nee*
 Cutting timber and producing rough, round, hewn, or riven primary forest or wood
 raw materials, or producing wood chips in the field.
 Sawing rough lumber and timber from logs and bolts. Resawing cants and flitches
 into lumber, including box lumber and softwood cut stock.  (Includes planing mills
 combined with sawmills and planing mills primarily producing surfaced lumber,
 standard workings, or patterns of lumber).

 Manufacture of hardwood dimension lumber and workings therefrom; other
 hardwood dimension, semifabricated or ready for assembly; hardwood flooring; and
 wood frames for household furniture.

 Manufacture of excelsior, wood shingles, and cooperage stock. Sawing of
 miscellaneous special products.
Manufacture of fabricated wood millwork, including millwork covered with
materials such as metal and plastics. (Includes planing mills primarily engaged in
producing millwork.)

Manufacture of wood kitchen cabinets and bathroom vanities, generally for
permanent installation.

Production of commercial hardwood veneer, commercial plywood, or prefinished
hardwood plywood. (Includes veneer and plywood backed or faced with non-wood
material).

Production of commercial softwood veneer and plywood.

Production of laminated or fabricated trusses, arches, and other structural members
of lumber.
Manufacture of nailed and lock corner wood boxes (lumber or plywood) and shook
for nailed and lock corner boxes.

Manufacture of wood or wood-and-metal pallets and skids.

Manufacture of miscellaneous wood containers, such as cooperage, wirebound boxes
and crates, and other veneer and plywood containers.
Manufacture of mobile homes and non-residential mobile buildings.

Manufacture of prefabricated wood buildings, sections, and panels.
Treatment of wood, sawed or planed elsewhere, with creosote or other preservatives.
Includes cutting, treating, and selling of poles, posts, and piling.

Manufacture of reconstituted wood products, including hardboard, particleboard,
insulation board, medium density fiberboard, waferboard, and oriented strandboard.

Manufacture of miscellaneous wood products and products from rattan, reed, veneer,
wicker, and similar materials.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
180
-------
                                          Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
moist until use; most finished products of this
sector, from plywood to kitchen cabinets, require
drying the moisture in the wood as well as drying
adhesives or coatings. Lumber and wood products
are generally dried in boiler-fired ovens, which may
result in air emissions reportable to TRI.

Nearly all phases of lumber and wood production
involve some treatment to protect the wood.
Sawmills, for example, may treat lumber to prevent
stains from sap. Chemicals used most extensively
in preserving wood are water-borne inorganic
chemicals such as chromated copper arsenate and
ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate. However,
creosote and pentachlorophenol, oil-borne organics,
represent 15% and 6%, respectively, of all
preservatives used. Chemicals used in treatment
processes account for a substantial portion of the
sector's TRI reporting. Because treating wood is its
primary business, the wood preserving industry
(SIC code 2491) ranks high in this sector for
amounts reported in most TRI categories.

Chemicals used in plywood and veneer production
(SIC codes 2435 and 2436) include phenol-
formaldehyde resins, generally used with
softwoods, and urea-formaldehyde resins, used
with hardwoods. These resins are mixed with
extenders, fillers, catalysts, and caustic to form
adhesives used to glue veneer into plywood.
Reconstituted wood products (SIC code 2493) are
similarly manufactured, using these resins and
other additives to bind wood particles, fibers, or
strands. The drying and pressing phases of this
production result in air emissions of chemicals such
as formaldehyde, methanol, toluene, and xylene.
The application of coatings and finishes in the
manufacture of wood kitchen cabinets (SIC code
2434) results in air emissions of volatile organic
chemicals reportable to TRI.


1996 TRI Data for Lumber

and Wood Products

Table 6-1 summarizes TRI reporting by the lumber
and wood products sector for 1996. More than
1,900 forms were submitted in this sector in 1996.
One-fourth of them (480 forms) were Form A
certification statements, certifying that a facility's
total annual reportable amount of a TRI chemical
was less than 500 pounds for the year and that the
facility did not manufacture, process, or otherwise
use more than 1 million pounds. (The Form A
certification statement is explained in Chapter 1.)
Form As were a substantially larger percentage
(24.9%) of the submissions in this sector than the
average for all reporting sectors (10.1%).

The wood preserving industry (SIC code 2491)
submitted the most forms in this sector: 884 forms
or 45.9% of the total. The wood kitchen cabinets
industry (SIC code 2434) submitted 285 forms,
                                             Sources

  Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987:
     Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and industry descriptions.
  U.S. Industry & Trade Outlook '98, DRFMcGraw Hill, Standard & Poor's, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
     International Trade Administration, 1998: economic analyses, also provides some information on environment and
     industrial processes for selected industries.
  U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufactures:  Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries, M96(AS)-1,
     February 1998 : value of shipments and employment.
     Supplemental data from U.S. Census Bureau  for some industries.
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Office of Compliance, Profile
     of the Lumber and Wood Products Industry, Sector Notebook project, EPA/310-R-95-006, September 1995
     : industry processes and technologies, pollutant sources, and selected
     economic data.
                                                                                              181
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           Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
Table 6-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24
Total Total
On- and Production-
Off-sltc related
Releases Waste
Rank Rank
13
12
5
2
10
7
9
15
16
11
14
1
3
4
6
8

13
9
5
2
12
7
10
15
16
11
14
1
3
4
6
8

SIC
Code
2421
2426
2431
2434
2435
2436
2439
2448
2449
2451
2452
2491
2493
2499


Total
Industry Facilities
Number
Sawmills & Planing Mills, General
Hardwood Dimension & Flooring Mills
Millwork
Wood Kitchen Cabinets
Hardwood Veneer & Plywood
Softwood Veneer & Plywood
Structural Wood Members, nee*
Wood Pallets & Skids
Wood Containers, nee*
Mobile Homes
Prefabricated Wood Buildings
Wood Preserving
Reconstituted Wood Products
Wood Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 24
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 24
Total for SIC Code 24
10
10
27
85
10
19
8
1
0
103
4
311
79
40
46
12
765
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
19
13
84
285
17
40
14
1
1
159
4
884
167
114
97
27
1,926
1
0
4
0
1
4
2
1
1
109
1
318
4
0
28
6
480
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
61,349
193,060
2,305,119
8,718,447
248,200
1,190,616
285,940
0
0
228,689
16,730
1,229,577
7,087,818
4,309,887
2,119,337
590,740
28,585,509
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
0
0
11,193
18,062
250
270
0
0
0
0
0
7,612,134
2,380
379
10,148
2,355
7,657,171
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
61,349
193,060
2,316,312
8,736,509
248,450
1,190,886
285,940
0
0
228,689
16,730
8,841,711
7,090,198
4,310,266
2,129,485
593,095
36,242,680
Note: On-stte Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with mote than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple" category. There may be forms but no facilities in a single
4-digit SIC code because a facility reported different 4-digit SIC codes in the range of SIC codes 20 to 39 on its individual forms.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
  14.8% of the total. Third was reconstituted wood
  products (SIC code 2493), with 167 forms (8.7%).
  Form A submissions were unusually concentrated
  in this sector; 66.3% of these (318 forms) were
  submitted in the wood preserving industry (SIC
  code 2491) and 22.7% (109 forms) in the mobile
  homes industry (SIC code 2451).

  As shown in Table 6-1, two industries dominated
  reporting in the lumber and wood products sector.
  The wood preserving industry (SIC code 2491)
  ranked first among industries in this sector for
  amounts reported as off-site releases, total on- and
  off-site releases, other on-site waste management,
  and total production-related waste. In all of these
  categories, the wood kitchen cabinets industry (SIC
  code 2434) ranked second. Wood kitchen cabinets
  also ranked first in the two remaining categories:
  on-site releases and transfers off-site for further
  waste management.
The wood preserving industry (SIC code 2491)
reported 8.8 million pounds of total on- and off-site
releases in 1996, one-fourth (24.4%) of the sector's
total of 36.2 million pounds. The wood kitchen
cabinets industry (SIC code 2434) reported 8.7
million pounds of total releases, also one-fourth
(24.1%) of the sector* s total. The reconstituted
wood products industry (SIC code 2493) ranked
third, with 7.1 million pounds (19.6%) of total
releases.

The wood kitchen cabinets industry (SIC code
2434) reported the largest on-site releases in this
sector, 8.7 million pounds, or 30.5% of the sector's
total of 28.6 million pounds. Reconstituted wood
products (SIC code 2493) was second with 7.1
million pounds (24.8%). Miscellaneous wood
products (SIC code 2499) was third with 4.3
million pounds (15.1%).
  182
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                                             Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
Table 6-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24, Continued
SIC
Code
2421
2426
2431
2434
2435
2436
2439
2448
2449
2451
2452
2491
2493
2499



Industry
Sawmills & Planing Mills, General
Hardwood Dimension & Flooring Mills
Millwork
Wood Kitchen Cabinets
Hardwood Veneer & Plywood
Softwood Veneer & Plywood
Structural Wood Members, nee*
Wood Pallets & Skids
Wood Containers, nee*
Mobile Homes
Prefabricated Wood Buildings
Wood Preserving
Reconstituted Wood Products
Wood Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 24
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 24
Total for SIC Code 24
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
0
68,424 .
87,023
2,457,857
2,175
725
0
0
0
0
0
69,421,504
2,367,555
1,061,516
59,536
39,103
75,565,418
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
2,150
196,023
298,418
1,527,819
2,559
30,022
55,937
0
0
70,762
0
453,460
57,383
575,204
38,840
41,875
3,350,452
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
64,645
429,526
2,628,419
13,103,937
253,065
1,217,750
428,323
0
0
313,378
15,335
74,739,362
9,540,641
5,338,101
2,227,749
672,054
110,972,285
Non-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
0
1,083
1
955
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,833,743
0
1,550
0
0
4,837,332
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 The wood preserving industry (SIC code 2491)
 reported the largest off-site releases (transfers to
 disposal), 7.6 million pounds, or 99.4% of the
 sector's total of 7.7 million pounds. Other lumber
 and wood products industries reported less than
 20,000 pounds each in this category. One facility in
 SIC code 2491 reported off-site releases in 1996 of
 3.4 million pounds of creosote; 3.3 million pounds
 of this resulted from one-time clean-up activities at
 the facility.

 The lumber and wood products sector reported 75.6
 million pounds of other on-site waste management
 in 1996. The wood preserving industry (SIC code
 2491) reported 69.4 million pounds of other on-site
 waste management, which was 91.9% of the
 sector's total. The wood kitchen cabinets industry
 (SIC code 2434) reported 2.5 million pounds in this
 category and the reconstituted wood products (SIC
 code 2493) reported 2.4 million pounds; these
 amounts represented a little over 3% each of the
 sector's total.
Wood kitchen cabinets (SIC code 2434) reported
1.5 million pounds of transfers off-site for further
waste management, 45.6% of the sector's total of
3.4 million pounds. Ranking second in this
category, the miscellaneous wood products industry
(SIC code 2499) reported 575,000 pounds (17.2%).
The wood preserving industry (SIC code 2491)
ranked third with 453,000 pounds (13.5%).

Production-related waste reported in the lumber and
wood products sector totaled 111.0 million pounds
in 1996. The industries reporting the largest
amounts of other on-site waste management also
reported the largest amounts of total production-
related waste. These were wood preserving (SIC
code 2491), with 74.7 million pounds (67.3% of the
sector's total), wood kitchen cabinets (SIC code
2434), with 13.1 million pounds (11.8%),  and
reconstituted wood products (SIC code 2493), with
9.5 million pounds (8.6%).
                                                                                                     183
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           Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
 Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 24

 Some facilities in the lumber and wood products
 sector engage in operations that are classified in
 different SIC codes within SIC code 24. A sawmill,
 for example, may also treat wood that was sawed
 elsewhere. These activities are described by SIC
 code 2421 (sawmills and planing mills) and SIC
 code 2491 (wood preserving). Another facility may
 produce both softwood veneer and plywood (SIC
 code 2436) and reconstituted wood products (SIC
 code 2493). Such facilities may report multiple SIC
 codes on their TRI forms to describe their
 operations. (Box 1-5 in Chapter 1 further explains
 reporting of multiple SIC codes and its affect on the
 analyses presented in the TRI data release.)

 Forms that reported more than one four-digit SIC
 code within SIC code 24 represented a relatively
 small portion of lumber and wood products
 reporting to TRI in 1996. Table  6-2 further
 examines TRI reporting on these "multiple-codes"
 forms. The most frequent combination, submitted
on 42 forms, was sawmills and planing mills (SIC
code 2421) and wood preserving (SIC code 2491).
The second most frequent combination, reported on
11 forms, was sawmills and planing mills (SIC
code 2421) and softwood veneer and plywood (SIC
code 2436).

The multiple codes group in SIC code 24 reported
2.1 million pounds of total on- and off-site releases
and 2.2 million pounds of total production-related
waste in  1996, as shown in Table 6-2.

On- and Off-site Releases

The lumber and wood products sector reported 28.5
million pounds of air emissions in 1996, 78.6% of
the sector's total on- and off-site releases. Off-site
releases (transfers to disposal) totaled 7.7 million
pounds, or 21.1%. Much smaller amounts were
reported for surface water discharges and on-site
land releases. The sector reported no underground
injection. These data appear in Table 6-3 and
Figure 6-1.
Table 6-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24
SIC Codes
2411
2421
2421
2421
2421
2421
2421
2421
2421
2431
2431
2434
2435
2435
2436
2436
2491
2491
2492
2421
2426
2436
2436
2436
2436
2436
2491
2493
2434
2434
2499
2436
2436
2491
2493
2493
2499
2499
2436
2436

2439
2491
2491 2493
2493



2499


2492





Total for SIC Code 24
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
1
1
11
1
4
4
2
42
4
2
4
1
2
2
2
6
1
1
6
97
1
0
1
0
0
3
0
23
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
0
11,700
276,285
633
8,879
102
338,000
2,241
135,915
18,635
88,524
21,259
439,175
95,471
0
430,558
154,885
490
96,585
2,119,337
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
0
0
270
0
350
0
0
9,388
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
140
0
10,148
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off-site for
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
11,700
276,555
633
9,229
102
338,000
11,629
135,915
18,635
88,524
21,259
439,175
95,471
0
430,558
154,885
630
96,585
2,129,485
0
0
38,000
20
845
0
0
1,628
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
93
0
0
18,850
59,536
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11,095
0
1,905
9,839
929
0
0
500
0
0
0
14,572
38,840
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
0
11,700
315,005
653
10,074
102
337,000
23,768
136,110
22,439
98,363
22,188
439,175
95,471
1,100
430,401
154,885
630
128,685
2,227,749
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases are transfers off-site to disposal
from Section 6 of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 of Form R. Total Production-related Waste sums
Section 8 of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
184
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                                              Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
 Table 6-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code

2491
2434
2493
2499
2431

2436

2439
2435
2451
2426
2421
2452
2448
2449


Industry

Wood Preserving
Wood Kitchen Cabinets
Reconstituted Wood Products
Wood Products, nee*
Millwork
Multiple within SIC Code 24
Softwood Veneer & Plywood
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 24
Structural Wood Members, nee*
Hardwood Veneer & Plywood
Mobile Homes
Hardwood Dimension & Flooring Mills
Sawmills & Planing Mills, General
Prefabricated Wood Buildings
Wood Pallets & Skids
Wood Containers, nee*
Total for SIC Code 24
Total Air
Surface
Water
Emissions Discharges
Pounds
1,192,710
8,718,447
7,035,762
4,309,132
2,304,642
2,118,214
1,190,616
590,740
285,940
248,200
228,689
191,618
61,349
16,730
0
0
28,492,789
Pounds
26,629
0
49,000
122
0
1,123
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
76,874
Underground Injection
Class I Class II-V
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills
Pounds
6,039
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,039
Releases
Pounds
4,199
0
3,056
633
477
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,442
0
0
0
0
9,807
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
1, 229,577
8,718,447
7,087,818
4,309,887
2,305,119
2,119,337
1,190,616
590,740
285,940
248,200
228,689
193,060
61,349
16,730
0
0
28,585,509
Off-site
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
7,612,134
18.062
2,380
379
11,193
10,148
270
2.355
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
7,657,171
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
8,841,711
8,736,509
7,090,198
4,310,266
2,316,312
2,129,485
1,190,886
593,095
285,940
248,450
228,689
193,060
61,349
16,730
0
0
36,242,680
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
 SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
  Transfers Off-site
    to Disposal
     21.1%
      Surface
      Water
       0.2%
                    Underground Injection = 0%
                    RCRA Subtitle C Landfills < 0.1%
                    Other On-site Land Releases < 0.1%

    Figure 6-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site
       Releases, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products
                    (SIC Code 24)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from
Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.

 The wood kitchen cabinets industry (SIC code
 2434) reported 8.7 million pounds of air emissions,
 the largest in this sector. Reconstituted wood
 products (SIC code 2493) ranked second with 7.0
 million pounds, and miscellaneous wood products
 (SIC code 2499) was third with 4.3 million pounds.
Together, these industries accounted for 70.4% of
the sector's reported air emissions.

The wood preserving industry (SIC code 2491)
reported the largest off-site releases (transfers to
disposal) in this sector in 1996. With 7.6 million
pounds in off-site releases and 1.2 million pounds
in on-site releases, this industry had the largest
reported total releases in the sector, 8.8 million
pounds. As noted, one facility's report of 3.4
million pounds of off-site releases in SIC code
2491 included 3.3 million pounds resulting from
clean-up  activity in 1996.

Figure 6-2 shows the distribution of on- and off-site
releases for the industries (four-digit SIC code)
with the sector's largest releases.

Other On-site Waste Management

Two-thirds (66.9%) of the other on-site waste
management reported in the lumber and wood
products sector in 1996 was reported as on-site
recycling, which totaled 50.5 million pounds. The
wood preserving industry (SIC code 2491) reported
49.8 million pounds of this amount, or 98.5%. On-
                                                                                                     185
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           Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
            10,500,000
            9.000,000-
            7,500,000 •
            6,000,000-
            4,500,000-
            3,000,000 •
            1,500,000
  Transfers Off-site to Disposal
  Other On-site Land Releases
 3 RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
DUIJ, Class II-V Wells
El UIJ, Class I Wells
S Surface Water
  Air
                     2491
                             2434
                                    2493
                                           2499
                                                   2431
                                                          Mult.
                                                                 2436
                                                                        Invalid
                                                                                2439
                                                                                       2435
                Figure 6-2.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest
                     Releases, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24)
Note: Oil-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal). UIJ = underground injection. Forms with
mote than one 4-digtt SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "24" that do not exist in the
current Standard Industrial Classification code system.
 site treatment totaled 23.5 million pounds, nearly
 one-third (31.1 %) of the other on-site waste
 management reported in this sector. The wood
 preserving industry (SIC code 2491) reported 19.7
 million pounds, or 83.7% of the total.

 Two facilities in the wood preserving industry
 reported large amounts of on-site waste
 management of creosote in 1996. One facility
 reported on-site recycling of 28.5 million pounds of
 this chemical, which it uses to treat wood products
 for farm use. The other facility reported 7.9 million
 pounds of on-site recycling and 12.7 million
 pounds of on-site treatment of creosote, used
 primarily to treat wood for railroad crossties.

 The lumber and wood products sector reported 1.5
 million pounds in on-site energy recovery, which
represented just 2.0% of the sector's total other on-
site waste management.

Table 6-4 presents the lumber and wood products
sector's data for other on-site waste management.
Distribution by waste management types appears in
Figure 6-3. Figure 6-4 illustrates the distribution of
on-site waste management reporting for the top
industries in this sector.

Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

The lumber and wood products sector reported 2.3
million pounds of transfers off-site for energy
recovery in 1996, as shown in Table 6-5. This was
the largest type of off-site transfer for further waste
management reported in this sector  and amounted
to 68.6% of the sector's total for such transfers.
 186
-------
                                         Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
                                                                                   Hfl
Table 6-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
2491
2434
2493
2499
2431
2426


2435
2436
2421
2439
2448
2449
2451
2452

Industry
Wood Preserving
Wood Kitchen Cabinets
Reconstituted Wood Products
Wood Products, nee*
Millwork
Hardwood Dimension & Flooring Mills
Multiple within SIC Code 24
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 24
Hardwood Veneer & Plywood
Softwood Veneer & Plywood
Sawmills & Planing Mills, General
Structural Wood Members, nee*
Wood Pallets & Skids
Wood Containers, nee*
Mobile Homes
Prefabricated Wood Buildings
Total for SIC Code 24
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
49,762,362
601,684
12,378
91,349
14,010
31,739
20,877 :
8,351
2,175 •
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50,544,925
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
272,244
283,557
959,685
0
0
70
22,830
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,538,386'
Treated
On-site
Pounds
19,659,142
1,583,929
2,071,620
10,482
73,013
36,685
38,589
7,922
0
725
0
0
0
0
0
0
23,482,107
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
69,421,504
2,457,857
2,367,555
1,061,516
87,023
68,424
59,536
39,103
2,175
725
0
0
0
0
0
0
75,565,418
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the
"multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
        Treated
        On-site
        31.1%
                                       Recycled
                                       On-site
                                        66.9%
 Energy Recovery
    On-site
    2.0%
   Figure 6-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste
    Management, 1996:  Lumber and Wood Products
                  (SIC Code 24)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.

 The wood kitchen cabinets industry (SIC code
 2434) reported the largest transfers to energy
 recovery, 1.3 million pounds, and the
 miscellaneous wood products industry (SIC code
 2499) reported the second-largest transfers to
 energy recovery, 488,000 pounds.

 The sector reported 515,000 pounds transferred off-
 site to recycling, the second largest type of off-site
 transfers for further waste management in this
sector. The wood kitchen cabinets industry (SIC
code 2434) reported 118,000 pounds of this
amount, and the hardwood dimension and flooring
mills industry (SIC code 2426) reported 99,000
pounds. Reporting of transfers to treatment totaled
491,000 pounds, including 380,000 pounds
reported in the wood preserving industry (SIC code
2491) and 80,000 pounds reported in the wood
kitchen cabinets industry (SIC code 2434).

Figure 6-5 illustrates the distribution of types of
off-site transfers for further waste management
reported in the lumber and wood products sector.
Figure 6-6 illustrates the distribution of such
transfers for the top industries in this sector.


1996 TRI Data by State for

Lumber  and Wood

Products

Table 6-6 presents 1996 TRI data by state for the
lumber and wood products sector. In four states,
more than 100 TRI forms were submitted in the
                                                                                             187
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           Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
         80,000.000
         70,000,000
         60,000,000
         50,000,000
         40,000,000
         30,000,000
         20,000,000 -
         10,000,000
                                             D Treated
                                             • Energy Recovery
                                             H Recycled
                    2491
2434
2493
                                           2499
                                                   2431
                                                           2426
                                                                   Mult.
Invalid
                                                      2435
                                                      2436
       Figure 6-4.  TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                              Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24)
Note: Other On-sJtc Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC Code 24 are assigned to the
"multiple" category. Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "24" that do not exist in the current Standard Industrial Classification code system.
 lumber and wood products sector in 1996:
 Alabama (149 forms), Georgia (124 forms), North
 Carolina (118 forms), and Texas (117 forms).
 Together, these represented one-fourth (26.4%) of
 all forms submitted in the sector.

 The largest total on- and off-site releases were
 reported in Kentucky,  3.5 million pounds, or 9.8%
 of the sector's total.  Reporting of releases in
 Kentucky consisted largely of off-site releases
 (transfers  to disposal), which totaled 3.4 million
 pounds in that state or 44.9% of the sector's total
 off-site releases. Kentucky is the state in which one
 facility reported 3.4 million pounds of off-site
 releases, including 3.3 million pounds from clean-
 up activity. The state with the second-largest
 reported total releases  was Oregon with 2.82
                          million pounds (7.8%). On-site releases in Oregon
                          totaled 2.6 million pounds. Mississippi ranked third
                          among states for total releases with 2.79 million
                          pounds, including 1.8 million pounds of on-site
                          releases and 1.0 million pounds of off-site releases.

                          Most of the sector's other on-site waste
                          management was reported in South Dakota (29.7
                          million pounds, or 39.3% of the sector's total) and
                          Mississippi (20.7 million pounds, or 27.5%). Of the
                          two facilities that reported large amounts of on-site
                          waste management of creosote in 1996, described
                          above, one is located in South Dakota and the other
                          in Mississippi. Texas ranked third among states for
                          other on-site waste management, with 7.7 million
                          pounds, or 10.2%.
 188
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                                              Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
Table 6-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24
(in Rank Order)


SIC
Code

2434
2499
2491
2431
2426
2451
2493
2439


2436
2435
2421
2448
2449
2452




Industry

Wood Kitchen Cabinets
Wood Products, nee*
Wood Preserving
Millwork
Hardwood Dimension & Flooring Mills
Mobile Homes
Reconstituted Wood Products
Structural Wood Members, nee*
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 24
Multiple within SIC Code 24
Softwood Veneer & Plywood
Hardwood Veneer & Plywood
Sawmills & Planing Mills, General
Wood Pallets & Skids
Wood Containers, nee*
Prefabricated Wood Buildings
Total for SIC Code 24


Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
118,412
85,771
3,082
64,068
99,217
70,308
18,350
46,161
0
9,839
0
0
0
0
0
0
515,208

Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
1,328,484
487,968
43,581
226,073
90,607
0
24,672
8,636
34,324
20,441
29,841
2,475
2,150
0
0
0
2,299,252


Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
79,923
500
379,741
7,495
6,199
454
750
0
7,551
8,544
0
0
0
0
0
0
491,157


Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
0
965
16,020
782
0
0
13,611
1,140
0
16
181
84
0
0
0
0
32,799

Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
1,000
0
1 1,036
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,036
Total Off-site
Transfers
for Further
Waste
Management
Pounds
1,527,819
575,204
453,460
298,418
196,023
70,762
57,383
55,937
41,875
38,840
30,022
2,559
2,150
0
0
0
3,350,452
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple"
category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                          To Other Off-site
                To POTWs  Transfers
                  1.0% \   / 0.4%
    To Treatment
      14.7%
To Recycling
   15.4%
                                        To Energy
                                         Recovery
                                          68.6%
    Figure 6-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for
   Further Waste Management, 1996:  Lumber and Wood
                Products (SIC Code 24)
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6
(excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers
are transfers reported without a valid waste management code.
Ohio was the state with the largest reported
transfers off-site for further waste management,
with 833,000 pounds or 24.9% of the sector's total.
The second- and third-largest amounts in this
category were reported in Illinois (218,000 pounds,
or 6.5%) and Wisconsin (179,000 pounds, or
5.3%).

The three states with the largest amounts reported
in total production-related waste in this sector for
1996 were the same as the three with the largest
amounts reported in other on-site waste
management. In South Dakota, the total for
production-related waste was 29.9 million pounds,
and in Mississippi,  the total was 23.4 million
pounds. These were 27.0% and 21.1%,
respectively, of the lumber and wood products
sector's total production-related waste. Texas was
third with 10.1  million pounds, or 9.1%.

Map 6-1 illustrates  the geographic distribution of
total on- and off-site releases in the lumber and
wood products  sector.
                                                                                                        189
-------
          Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
          1,800,000
          1,600,000-


          1,400,000


          1,200,000


          1,000,000-


           800,000
           600,000-
           400,000-
           200,000-
                                       • Other Off-site Transfers
                                       QToPOTWs
                                       D To Treatment
                                       E To Energy Recovery
                                       BTo Recycling
                    2434
2499
2491
2431
2426
                             2451
                             2493
                             2439
                             Invalid   Mult.
         Figure 6-6.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with
                 Largest Totals, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24)
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC Code 24 are assigned to the "multiple"
eatcgMy. Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "24" that do not exist in the current Standard Industrial Classification code system.
1996 TRI Data by
Chemical for Lumber
and Wood  Products

As shown in Table 6-7, the top 15 chemicals for
total on- and off-site releases in the lumber and
wood products sector accounted for 35.3 million
pounds, or 97.4% of the sector's total releases in
1996. Air emissions reported for these  15 chemicals
totaled 27.8 million pounds and off-site releases
(transfers to disposal) totaled 7.4 million pounds,
also approximately 97% of the sector's totals in
those categories.
                        The chemical with the largest reported releases was
                        creosote. Off-site releases for this chemical were
                        7.2 million pounds, and total releases were 7.9
                        million pounds. As noted earlier, one facility in the
                        wood preserving industry, SIC code 2491, reported
                        3.4 million pounds of off-site releases of creosote,
                        attributing 3.3 million pounds of this amount to
                        clean-up activities.

                        In addition to creosote, four chemicals were
                        reported in amounts of more than 4 million pounds
                        each for total releases. These were methanol with
                        5.8 million pounds, xylenes with 5.4 million
                        pounds, toluene with 5.3 million pounds, and
190
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                                                      Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
Table 6-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24
State
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total for SIC Code 24
Total
Facilities
Number
60
4
27
23
4
1
1
23
50
2
5
10
43
5
8
7
18
4
5
3
17
20
36
8
3
3
1
1
3
2
11
44
1
21
2
45
37
3
1
24
5
19
47
6
2
36
21
9
32
2
765
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
149
11
71
57
13
1
1
62
124
6
10
35
95
32
18
17
34
8
17
9
47
50
85
16
9
9
3
3
4
4
26
118
3
63
5
95
79
7
3
72
11
41
117
22
3
94
54
28
81
4
1,926
30
3
13
7
6
0
0
21
63
4
3
7
17
0
2
0
16
0
8
3
19
11
18
6
1
6
0
3
0
0
2
43
0
16
2
18
31
0
0
11
0
11
23
0
1
21
14
3
14
3
480
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
896,423
53,759
931,139
773,456
133,095
1,000
5
97,417
986,429
10
599,955
251,475
1,642,175
744,248
490,590
97,223
251,576
105,490
20
30
1,035,420
1,607,659
1,752,804
100,971
517,192
254,392
10
0
15,122
4,570
176,334
2,016,224
60
707,354
11,700
2,556,273
790,275
542
15
1,096,846
253,369
473,132
2,134,545
289,561
10,055
1,187,081
825,611
1,353,889
1,358,984
4
28,585,509
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
85,682
' 0
49,256
6,068
192,150
0
. 0
14,222
132,490
0
0
306,898
321,060
10,100
0
3,441,828
396,564
0
218
1,500
8,742
2,134
1,039,508
237,560
0
0
2,555
0
19,250
500
4,413
5,924
500
19,529
750
268,680
473,734
1,743
2,852
102,635
20,750
4,050
359,710
773
0
11,065
3,619
101,405
6,004
750
7,657,171
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off-site for
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
982,105
53,759
980,395
779,524
325,245
1,000
5
111,639
1,118,919
10
599,955
558,373
1,963,235
754,348
490,590
3,539,051
648,140
105,490
238
1,530
1,044,162
1,609,793
2,792,312
338,531
517,192
254,392
2,565
0
34,372
5,070
180,747
2,022,148
560
726,883
12,450
2,824,953
1,264,009
2,285
2,867
1,199,481
274,119
477,182
2,494,255
290,334
10,055
1,198,146
829,230
1,455,294
1,364,988
754
36,242,680

0
159,809
44,887
140
46,400
0
349
86,295
1,111
0
5,618,897
999,975
150,826
15,000
10,412
161,872
5,297
1,145
30
36,233
585,555
20,747,347
1,567,102
0
0
2,477
0
0
741
734
1,330,519
488
2,567,797
0
1,740,254
1,462,558
14
0
15,533
29,660,070
4,439
7,695,124
650
1,449
444,302
49,377
115,325
54,133
0
75,565,418
57,253
22,431
90,110
79,716
32,260
3,025
0
1,169
2,228
0
46,688
217,777
160,382
162,966
31,895
1,515
154,567
1,250
287
0
30,846
80,601
163,222
22,743
7,441
0
600
0
1,800
0
2,269
120,867
0
833,397
1,090
44,654
151,898
0
0
18,951
13,850
142,532
91,432
3,185
0
152,764
51,403
170,400
178,988
0
3,350,452
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
1,191,968
76,205
1,215,697
891,947
166,555
46,400
10
111,390
1,318,086
1,263
646,657
6,399,627
3,135,054
1,419,447
524,325
335,436
684,598
108,238
1,650
376
1,119,472
2,275,491
23,388,967
1,927,029
523,633
254,392
7,838
0
57,095
5,916
182,634
3,170,816
543
4,296,369
13,370
4,692,127
2,848,698
1,464
2,852
1,155,946
29,913,229
625,355
10,106,743
294,094
11,408
1,733,136
665,736
1,783,893
1,619,747
19,363
110,972,285
5,360
0
5
6,312
190,775
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
318,060
0
0
3,268,311
280,000
0
0
0
0
0
10,237
213,143
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
950
0
1,550
457,274
212
0
79,785
0
0
0
5
0
0
1,628
3,724
0
0
4,837,332
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
 to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Total
 Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
                                                                                                                          191
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         Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
                                                                                          tfc-

                                                                                          O
                                                                                          •o
                                                                                          p
                                                                                          vo

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                                                                                          K
                                                                                          O
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                                                                                          f
                                                                                          a
                                                                                          O
192
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                                          Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
Table 6-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC
Code 24 (in Rank Order)
CAS
Number
8001-58-9
67-56-1
1330-20-7
108-88-3
50-00-0
78-93-3
7664-41-7
71-36-3
100-41-4
108-10-1
75-07-0
107-21-1
__
108-95-2
87-86-5


Chemical
Creosote
Methanol
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Toluene
Formaldehyde
Methyl ethyl ketone
Ammonia
n-Butyl alcohol
Ethylbenzene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Acetaldehyde
Ethylene glycol
Glycol ethers
Phenol
Pentachlorophenol
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 24
Surface Underground Injection
Total Air Water Class I Class H-V
Emissions Discharges Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
713,349
5,828,821
5,417,261
5,312,624
4,050,500
2,153,925
858,280
865,015
652,473
607,866
369,111
365,519
324,913
267,191
6,794
27,793,642
28,492,789
9,109
10
0
0
433
0
43,700
0
0
0
10
0
0
505
8,236
62,003
76,874
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
460
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,750
3,210
6,039
250
0
0
1,442
251
0
1,650
0
0
0
0
632
0
505
250
4,980
9,807
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
723,168
5,828,831
5,417,261
5,314,066
4,051,184
2,153,925
903,630
865,015
652,473
607,866
369,121
366,151
324,913
268,201
18,030
27,863,835
28,585,509
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
7,226,364
250
0
18,035
500
25
2,255
1
0
1
0
0
265
2,105
196,075
7,445,876
7,657,171
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
7,949,532
5,829,081
5,417,261
5,332,101
4,051,684
2,153,950
905,885
865,016
652,473
607,867
369,121
366,151
325,178
270,306
214,105
35,309,711
36,242,680
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.
 formaldehyde with 4.1 million pounds. The
 reconstituted wood products industry (SIC code
 2493) reported half or more of the releases of
 methanol (2.9 million pounds, or 50.1%) and
 formaldehyde (2.4 million pounds, or 59.0%). The
 wood kitchen cabinets industry (SIC code 2434)
 reported half or more of the releases of xylenes (2.7
 million pounds, or 49.1%) and toluene (3.1 million,
 or 58.8%).

 For 13 of the 15 chemicals in Table 6-7, air
 emissions were the predominant release type,
 accounting for 95% or more of total releases. For
 the 15th-ranked chemical, pentachlorophenol, off-
 site releases also represented the large majority of
 reported releases, 196,000 pounds out of 214,000
 pounds. Both creosote and pentachlorophenol are
 used in preserving wood.

 OSHA Carcinogens

 On- and off-site releases of OSHA carcinogens
 reported in the lumber and wood products sector
 totaled 12.7 million pounds in 1996, as  shown in
 Table 6-8. This was 35.2% of total releases
reported in the sector. (OSHA carcinogens and the
bases for their designation appear in Box 1-9 in
.Chapter 1.)

The largest source of these releases was the wood
preserving industry (SIC code 2491), which
reported total releases of 8.2 million pounds of
OSHA carcinogens. This included 7.4 million
pounds of off-site releases (transfers to disposal),
which was 97.2% of all off-site releases reported in
this sector. The chemical with the largest total
releases in this sector, creosote, is an OSHA
carcinogen (see Table 6-7). Most of the wood
preserving industry's reporting of off-site releases
was for creosote (7.2 million pounds), including the
3.4 million pounds reported by one facility that
resulted largely from clean-up activity.

The reconstituted wood products industry (SIC
code 2493) reported 2.7 million pounds of releases
of OSHA carcinogens,  largely as air emissions.
This was the industry with the second-largest total
releases of OSHA carcinogens in the lumber and
wood products sector. This industry reported 2.4
million pounds of air emissions of formaldehyde, a
                                                                                                193
-------
 ______ .^BjBi
           Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
Table 6-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Lumber and Wood
Products, SIC Code 24 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code

3491
2493

2499

2436
2431
2434
2451
2452
24:6
2435
2421



Industry

Wood Preierving
Reconstituted Wood Products
Multiple within SIC Code 24
Wood Products, nee*
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 24
Softwood Veneer & Plywood
Mitlworfc
Wood Kitchen Cabinets
Mobile Homes
Prefabricated Wood Buildings
Hardwood Dimension & Flooring Mills
Hardwood Veneer & Plywood
Sawmills & Planing Mills, General
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 24
Total Air
Surface
Water
Emissions Discharges
Pounds
718,666
2,675,900
698,882
661,969
348,470
57,193
27,640
23,830
18,055
16,400
14,100
9,921
4,087
5,275,113
28,492,789
Pounds
17,270
250
252
107
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17,879
76,874
Underground Injection
Class I Class II-V
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills
Pounds
3,211
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,211
6,039
Releases
Pounds
500
250
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
751
9,807
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
739,647
2,676,400
699,134
662,077
348,470
57,193
27,640
23,830
18,055
16,400
14,100
9,921
4,087
5,296,954
28,585,509
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
7,445,293
250
1,258
114
250
0
130
0
0
0
0
0
0
7,447,295
7,657,171
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
8,184,940
2,676,650
700,392
662,191
348,720
57,193
27,770
23,830
18,055
16,400
14,100
9,921
4,087
12,744,249
36,242,680
Note: On-sUc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 component of resins that bind wood particles,
 fibers, and strands to make up reconstituted wood
 products.

 Ranking third, the multiple-codes group (forms
 reporting multiple SIC codes within SIC code 24)
 reported 700,000 pounds of releases of OSHA
 carcinogens, also principally as air emissions.

 Altogether, four of the top 15 chemicals for total
 releases reported in this sector were OSHA
 carcinogens. Total releases of creosote and
 formaldehyde were 7.9 million pounds and 4.1
 million pounds, respectively. The other two
 chemicals were acetaldehye and pentachlorophenol.
 Reported releases of acetaldehyde totaled 369,000
 pounds, almost entirely as air emissions. Like
 creosote, pentachlorophenol was principally
 reported as off-site releases (transfers to disposal),
 196,000 pounds out of 214,000 pounds total
 releases for this chemical.

 Figure 6-7 shows the on- and off-site releases of the
 four-digit SIC codes with the largest OSHA
 carcinogen releases.
 1996  TRI Chemicals  in

 Waste for Lumber and

 Wood  Products

 The lumber and wood products sector reported
 111.0 million pounds of total production-related
 waste in 1996. Nearly half of this amount, 50.5
 million pounds or 45.5%, was reported as on-site
 recycling. Quantities released on- and off-site
 amounted to 31.5 million pounds, 28.4% of the
 total. The third-largest category of waste
 management in lumber and wood products
 reporting was on-site treatment, with 23.5 million
 pounds, or 21.2% of total production-related waste.
 Table 6-9 presents waste management data for the
 lumber and wood products sector. Figure 6-8
illustrates the distribution by type of waste
management.

The wood preserving industry (SIC code 2491)
reported the largest amount of on-site recycling in
this sector—49.8 million pounds. This was 44.8%
of all production-related waste in the sector. This
194
-------
                                                       Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
9,000,000 -
8,000,000 -
7,000,000 -

6,000,000 -

m 5,000,000-
|
°" 4,000,000-
3,000,000 -
2,000,000 -
1,000,000-
0-






























2491










D Transfers Off-site to Disposal
H Other On-site Land Releases
H RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
m UIJ, Class I Wells
ED UIJ, Class II-V Wells
• Surface Water
H Air





B
2493 Mult.










2499 Invalid










Figure 6-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
Largest Totals, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24)
Note:  On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.  CU = underground injection.
Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "24" that do not
exist in the current Standard Industrial Classification code system.

Table 6-9.  Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24 (in
Rank Order)
SIC
Code
2491
2434
2493
2499
2431

2436

2426
2439
2451
2435
2421
2452
2448
2449

Industry
Wood Preserving
Wood Kitchen Cabinets
Reconstituted Wood Products
Wood Products, nee*
Millwork
Multiple within SIC Code 24
Softwood Veneer & Plywood
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 24
Hardwood Dimension & Flooring Mills
Structural Wood Members, nee*
Mobile Homes
Hardwood Veneer & Plywood
Sawmills & Planing Mills, General
Prefabricated Wood Buildings
Wood Pallets & Skids
Wood Containers, nee*
Total for SIC Code 24
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
49,762,362
601,684
12,378
91,349
14,010
20,877
0
8,351
31,739
0
0
2,175
0
0
0
0
50,544,925
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
272,244
283,557
959,685
0
70
0
22,830
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,538,386
Treated
On-site
Pounds
19,659,142
1,583,929
2,071,620
10,482
73,013
38,589
725
7,922
36,685
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23,482,107
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
3,123
104,608
17,640
85,921
163,517
9,839
0
0
99,275
46,206
70,308
0
0
0
0
0
600,437
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
68,141
1,257,488
24,643
521,207
376,714
25,701
29,661
17,715
99,024
95,036
0
2,475
2,100
0
0
0
2,519,905
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
557,325
220,532
13,077
280
6,619
8,170
181
16,719
0
1,140
0
273
0
0
0
0
824,316
Quantity
Released
On- and
Off-site
Pounds
4,689,269
9,063,452
7,117,726
3,669,177
1,994,546
2,124,503
1,187,183
598,517
162,803
285,941
243,070
248,142
62,545
15,335
0
0
31,462,209
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
74,739,362
13,103,937
9,540,641
5,338,101
2,628,419
2,227,749
1,217,750
672,054
429,526
428,323
313,378
253,065
64,645
15,335
0
0
1 10,972,285
4,833,743
955
0
1,550
1
0
0
0
1,083
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,837,332
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                            195
-------
          Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
   Quantity Released
       28.4%
  Off-site Waste
  Management
    3,6%
                                    On-site Waste
                                     Management
                                      68.1%
       Figure 6-8. Distribution of TRI Production-
        related Waste, 1996: Lumber and Wood
              Products (SIC Code 24)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.

industry also reported 19.7 million pounds of on-
site treatment, the largest amount in that category.
As noted earlier, two facilities in the wood
preserving industry accounted for a large portion of
the industry's reporting of on-site waste
management.

Three industries accounted for 66.3% of the
quantities reported as released by the lumber and
wood products sector. The wood kitchen cabinets
industry (SIC code 2434) reported the largest
quantities released on- and off-site, 9.1 million
pounds. Reconstituted wood products (SIC code
2493) reported 7.1  million pounds of releases.
Wood preserving (SIC code 2491) reported 4.7
million pounds of releases.

Distribution of production-related waste for the top
industries in the sector appears in Figure 6-9.

Projected Quantities of TRI
Chemicals in Waste

The lumber and wood products sector projected a
5.2% reduction in total production-related waste by
1998, as shown in Table 6-10. Production-related
waste reported in 1996 totaled 111.0 million
pounds, and this was projected to decrease to 105.2
million pounds in 1998. (As explained in Chapter 1,
facilities not only report current data but project
waste management quantities for the next two years
in their TRI submissions.)

The largest components of the overall projected
reduction were quantities released on- and off-site
(decrease from 31.5 million pounds in 1996 to 27.2
million pounds in 1998) and on-site recycling
(decrease from 50.5 million pounds to 47.6 million
pounds). These represented projected decreases of
13.4% in releases and 5.8% in on-site recycling. A
large percentage decrease (29.5%) was projected in
off-site treatment from 824,000 pounds in 1996 to
582,000 pounds in 1998.

These reductions were partly offset by a projected
6.9% increase in on-site treatment from 23.5
million pounds to 25.1 million pounds.

Figure 6-10 illustrates the projected percentage
changes in waste management in this sector for
1996-1998.

These projected changes represent some
improvement in the sector's management of TRI
chemicals in waste, as measured by the waste
management hierarchy, explained in Chapter 1. A
smaller portion of the sector's TRI chemicals in
waste would be released while a larger portion
would be managed by treatment. In  1996, releases
represented 28.4% of total production-related
waste; the projected proportion was 25.9% in 1998.
On-site treatment would increase from 21.2% of
total production-related waste in 1996 to 23.8% in
1998. In the waste management hierarchy
hierarchy, treatment is preferred over releases,
which are the least desirable waste management
option.
196
-------
                                      Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
100% 	
80% •
60% -
40% -
20% -

0% -




-
i
&fy%







i
^=
L





i







I
=
=
M
•ztmti














^
i
AJLi





^
1





i
^
i
as





1
II
li

i'i'i
8
»«£l





!
M
i!









S Quantity Released
• Treated Off-site
H Energy Recovery Off-site
D Recycled Off-site
EH Treated On-site
S Energy Recovery On-site
• Recycled On-site






2491 2434 2493 2499 2431 Mult. 2436 Invalid 2426 2439
Figure 6-9. Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with
Largest Totals, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC Code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Invalid SIC
codes are codes beginning "24" that do not exist in the current Standard Industrial Classification code system.
Source Reduction Activity

In the lumber and wood products sector, nearly
one-fourth (22.7%, 438 forms) of the forms
submitted indicated one or more source reduction
activities underway during the year. Table 6-11
presents the sector's reporting of source reduction
activity. The industries submitting the largest
number of forms indicating source reduction
activity were wood preserving (SIC code 2491)
with 144 forms and wood kitchen cabinets (SIC
code 2434) with 136 forms. These forms
represented nearly half (47.7%) of the submissions
in the wood kitchen cabinet industry, but less than
one-fifth (16.3%) of the submissions in wood
preserving.

The activities most frequently reported in this
sector were improving operating practices (190
forms) and modifying processes (113 forms).
Year-to-Year
Comparisons for  Lumber
and Wood  Products

1995-1996 TRI Data for Lumber and
Wood Products
From 1995 to 1996, the number of forms submitted
in the lumber and wood products industry increased
2.4%, an increase of 45 forms, as shown in Table
6-12. A much larger increase (29.0%, or 108 forms)
occurred in the number of Form As submitted. (The
Form A certification statement is explained in
Chapter 1.) This may reflect more  widespread
awareness of the Form A certification statement in
its second year of availability.
                                                                                      197
-------
           Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
Table 6-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:  Lumber and Wood Products,
SIC Code 24
Waste Management Activity
Go-site Waste Manacement
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 24
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 24
Current Year 1996
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
50,544,925 45.5
1,538,386 1.4
23,482,107 21.2
600,437 0.5
2,519,905 2.3
824,316 0.7
31,462,209 28.4
110,972,285 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1997
Percent
8.3
0.5
4.9
14.0
-2.1
-27.8
-12.0
1.3
Projected 1997
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
54,738,293 48.7
1,546,483 1.4
24,643,369 21.9
684,348 0.6
2,466,028 2.2
595,438 0.5
27,690,254 24-6
112,364,213 100.0
Projected Change
1997-1998
Percent
13.0
3.8
1.8
6.4
2.1
-2.3
-1.6
-6.3
Projected 1998
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
47,598,202 45.2
1,487,798 1.4
25,098,464 23.8
728,040 0.7
2,518,823 2.4
581,532 0.6
27,234,587 25.9
105,247,446 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1998
Percent
-5.8
-3.3
6.9
21.3
0.0
-29.5
-13.4
-5.2
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996

 On- and Off-site Releases
 In the lumber and wood products sector, total on-
 and off-site releases reported to TRI increased 4.0%
 from 34.8 million pounds in 1995 to 36.2 million
 pounds in 1996. The overall increase in total
 releases reflected an increase of 166.7% in off-site
 releases (transfers to disposal) from 2.9 million
 pounds to 7.7 million pounds. As mentioned earlier
in this chapter, one facility reported 3.4 million
pounds in transfers to disposal of creosote in 1996
(including 3.3 million pounds of remedial waste
from clean-up activities). This facility reported
39,000 pounds of transfers to disposal in 1995,
resulting in an increase of 3.4 million pounds from
1995 to 1996.
 198
-------
                                               Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
                       On-site Waste
                        Management
Off-site Waste
 Management
Quantity Released
  On-and Off-site
Total Production-
  related Waste
              Figure 6-10.  Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in
                     Waste, 1996-1998:  Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24)
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.

Table 6-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activities
SIC
Code

2421
2426
2431
2434
2435
2436
2439
2448
2449
2451
2452
2491
2493
2499



Industry

Sawmills & Planing Mills, General
Hardwood Dimension & Flooring Mills
Millwork
Wood Kitchen Cabinets
Hardwood Veneer & Plywood
Softwood Veneer & Plywood
Structural Wood Members, nee*
Wood Pallets & Skids
Wood Containers, nee*
Mobile Homes
Prefabricated Wood Buildings
Wood Preserving
Reconstituted Wood Products
Wood Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 24
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 24
Total for SIC Code 24
Total
Forms
Number
19
13
84
285
17
40
14
1
I
159
4
884
167
114
97
27
1,926
Good
Categorv of Source Reduction Activity
Raw Surface
Spill Material Process Cleaning Preparation Product
Percent of Operating Inventory and Leak Modifi- Modifi- and and Modifi-
All Forms Practices Control Prevention cations cations Degreasing Finishing cations
Number
0
4
40
136
4
3
0
0
0
12
0
144
29
49
9
8
438
Percent
0.0
30.8
47.6
47.7
23.5
7.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.5
0.0
16.3
17.4
43.0
9.3
29.6
22.7
Number Number
0
: 2
7
73
0
2
0
0
0
11
0
59
19
9
7
1
190
0
2
4
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
1
0
2
28
Number Number Number
0
2
3
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
79
4
3
0
2
101
0
2
9
39
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
6
27
3
4
102
0
1
4
20
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
58
4
15
5
5
113
Number
0
0
0
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
16
Number Number
0
0
15
31
0
0
0
0
0
I
0
3
3
28
5
2
88
0
1
4
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
5
0
2
27
Note: Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                           199
-------
              Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
 Table 6-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for
 Further Waste Management, 1995-1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1995
Number
737
1,881
1,509
372
Pounds

31,884,645
5,268,456
26,616,189
68,632
0
10,970
31,964,247

2,870,699
34,834,946

76,288,451
1,468,254
5,672,195
83,428,900

459,499
2,649,553
526,038
29,720
2,418
3,667,228

1996
Number
765
1,926
1,446
480
Pounds

28,492,789
4,636,576
23,856,213
76,874
0
15,846
28,585,509

7,657,171
36,242,680

50,544,925
1,538,386
23,482,107
75,565,418

515,208
2,299,252
491,157
32,799
12,036
3,350,452
Change
1995 to 1996
Percent
3.8
2.4
-4.2
29.0
Percent

-10.6
-12.0
-10.4
12.0
—
44.4
-10.6

166.7
4.0

-33.7
4.8
314.0
-9.4

12.1
-13.2
-6.6
10.4
397.8
-8.6
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste
Management from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
Breakdown of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste
management code.
 200
-------
                                           Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
 From 1995 to 1996, air emissions, which
 constituted the great majority of releases reported
 in this sector, decreased from 31.9 million pounds
 to 28.5 million pounds (a 10.6% reduction), with
 reductions in both fugitive and point-source
 emissions.

 Table 6-12 shows the 1995-1996 reporting of
 releases in this sector, and Figure 6-11 illustrates
 the percentage change for each type of release.

 Other On-site Waste Management

 Table 6-12 also presents the lumber and wood
 products sector's other on-site waste management
 data for 1995-1996. A large absolute reduction in
 on-site recycling, from 76.3 million pounds in 1995
 to 50.5 million pounds in 1996, was the major
 factor in an overall reduction in the sector's
    reporting of other on-site waste management. The
    decrease in on-site recycling amounted to 33.7%.
    At the same time, on-site treatment increased from
    5.7 million pounds to 23.5 million pounds, or
    314.0%.

    Several facilities in the wood preserving industry
    (SIC code 2491) reported large amounts that
    influenced the 1995-1996 changes in other on-site
    waste management. Two facilities reported
    reductions of 12.7 million pounds and 7.3 million
    pounds, respectively, in on-site recycling of
    creosote from 1995 to 1996. At the same time,
    three facilities that reported zero amounts of on-site
    treatment of creosote in 1995 reported 12.6 million
    pounds, 3.4 million pounds, and 1.2 million
    pounds, respectively, for on-site treatment of
    creosote in 1996. In part,  these changes resulted
    from facilities redefining specific activities from
    one type of waste management to another, as noted
         180


         160


         140


         120-


         100-


         80-


         60-


         40-


         20-


          0
         -20
                     Air
                                  Surface
                                   Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
 Disposal
            Figure 6-11.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:
                             Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995.
                                                                                                 201
-------
          Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
in "Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in
Waste Management, 1991-1996," later in this
chapter.

Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

In the lumber and wood products sector, transfers
off-site for further waste management reported to
TRI decreased from 3.7 million pounds in 1995 to
3.4 million pounds in 1996, as shown in Table 6-
12. The largest component of this 8.6% reduction
was transfers to energy recovery, which decreased
from 2.6 million pounds to 2.3 million pounds
(13.2%). A smaller reduction was reported in
transfers to treatment, from 526,000 pounds to
491,000 pounds (6.6%). Transfers to recycling
increased from 459,000 pounds to 515,000 pounds,
a 12.1% increase.

1988-1996 TRI Data for Lumber and
Wood Products

As explained in Chapter 1, comparisons from the
1988 TRI baseline year to the current year rely on
the list of "core" TRI chemicals that were
reportable, with the same reporting definition, in all
years.1 These multi-year comparisons also review
only the data elements that were collected in all
years, which excludes from this section any
analysis that distinguishes RCRA subtitle C
landfills from other land releases as well as analysis
based on the types of underground injection wells.
On-site waste management data and transfers off-
site to recycling and to energy recovery have been
collected only since 1991; these data are included,
but cannot be compared across the full 1988-1996
period.
As shown in Table 6-13, the lumber and wood
products sector reported total on- and off-site
releases of 33.0 million pounds in 1988 and 27.1
million pounds in 1996, a reduction of 17.8%. All
release types showed decreases, including a 13.9%
reduction in air emissions from 31.0 million pounds
to 26.7 million pounds. Both fugitive and point-
source emissions decreased over the period 1988-
1996. Off-site releases (transfers off-site to
disposal) decreased by 78.1%, from 1.9 million
pounds in 1988 to 423,000 pounds in 1996.

Figure 6-12 illustrates percentage changes in on-
and off-site releases for 1988-1996 in the lumber
and wood products sector.

On-site waste management and transfers off-site for
recycling or energy recovery were not collected in
1988. For the 1994-1996 period, on-site waste
management showed little overall change in the
lumber and wood products sector, totaling 6.42
million pounds in 1994 and 6.46 million in 1996.
This represented the net result of a 644,000 pounds
decrease in on-site energy recovery and increases
of 271,000 pounds in on-site recycling and 410,000
pounds in on-site treatment.

Reductions were reported in both of the types of
transfers off-site for further waste management that
were collected for the full 1988-1996 period.
Transfers to treatment decreased from 2.4 million
pounds to 220,000 pounds, a 91.0% reduction.
Transfers to POTWs decreased from 80,000 pounds
to 4,000 pounds, a 95.3% reduction.

In some categories, substantially higher amounts
were reported in 1994 or 1995. In part, this reflects
changes in reporting by facilities mentioned earlier
in this chapter.
 1  Creosote, the chemical with the largest releases reported in
   the lumber and wood products sector for 1996, was added
   to the TRI list in reporting year 1990. Analyses of 1988-
   1996 data therefore do not include this chemical.
 202
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                                                                                                              Lia,-iaS?
                                                       Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
Table 6-13.  Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for
Further Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1988
Number
678
1,816
1,816
NA
Pounds

30,972,926
5,463,271
25,509,655
27,125
0
49,529
31,049,580

1,932,227
32,981,807

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
2,438,178
79,544
395,167
NA

1994
Number
658
1,760
1,760
NA
Pounds

32,561,527
4,205,621
28,355,906
23,732
0
8,917
32,594,176

392,090
32,986,266

1,897,805
2,160,052
2,361,800
6,419,657

627,071
2,503,747
228,431
22,448
250
3,381,947

1995
Number
629
1,673
1,365
308
Pounds

30,102,727
4,353,277
25,749,450
11,049
0
7,142
30,120,918

313,719
30,434,637

11,914,269
1,439,098
4,168,098
17,521,465

457,249
2,555,283
288,032
6,006
2,418
3,308,988

1996
Number
615
1,654
1,294
360
Pounds

26,662,607
3,646,061
23,016,546
18,165
0
12,483
26,693,255

423,386
27,116,641

2,168,592
1,516,386
2,771,625
6,456,603

515,208
2,262,522
220,330
3,711
1,536
3,003,307
Change
1988 to 1996
Percent
-9.3
-8.9
-28.7
NA
Percent

-13.9
-33.3
-9.8
-33.0
-
-74.8
-14.0

-78.1
-17.8

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
-91.0
-95.3
-99.6
NA
Note:  Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste Management
from Section 8 of Form R.  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown
of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996.  For 1994-1996, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code. For 1988, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code or codes not requited to be reported in
1988.  NA: not required to be reported in that year.
                                                                                                                          203
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           Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
     •30
     -40
     -60
     •60
     -70
     -80
     -90
                   Air
Surface
 Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
 Disposal
             Figure 6-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996:
                              Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24)
Note: Does not include dclisted chemicals, chemicals added hi 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-sltc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground Injection
and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996.
  1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in
  Lumber and Wood Products

  Tables 6-14 through 6-16 summarize data for 1988
  and 1994-1996 for industries at the four-digit SIC
  code level within SIC code 24. The tables present,
  respectively, on- and off-site releases, other on-site
  waste  management, and transfers off-site for further
  waste  management.

  On- and Off-site Releases

  Table  6-14 provides release data for all four-digit
  SIC codes in the lumber and wood products sector
  for 1988-1996.
                    The wood kitchen cabinets industry (SIC code
                    2434) reported the largest decrease in total on- and
                    off-site releases from 1988 to 1996, from 11.8
                    million pounds to 8.7 million pounds. The millwork
                    industry (SIC code 2431) had the second largest
                    reduction, from 4.2 million pounds to 2.3 million
                    pounds. Both industries reported somewhat larger
                    releases in 1994 than in 1988, as shown in Table 6-
                    14; their reductions were reported after 1994.
                    Ranking third was the miscellaneous wood
                    products industry (SIC code 2499), reporting 5.9
                    million pounds of releases in 1988 and 4.2 million
                    pounds in 1996. Air emissions accounted for the
                    largest portion of the reductions in all three of these
                    industries.
 204
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                                                    Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
Table 6-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Lumber and Wood Products, SIC
Code 24
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
2421



2426



2429



2431



2434



2435



2436



2439



2441



2449



2451



Industry
Sawmills & Planing Mills, General



Hardwood Dimension & Flooring Mills



Special Product Sawmills, nee*



Millwork



Wood Kitchen Cabinets



Hardwood Veneer & Plywood



Softwood Veneer & Plywood



Structural Wood Members, nee*



Nailed Wood Boxes & Shook



Wood Containers, nee*



Mobile Homes



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
61,339
33,897
9,418
345,436
191,618
130,411
284,722
296,073
No reports received
No reports received
57,766
No reports received
2,302,304
3,110,360
4,244,538
4,199,101
8,718,307
9,290,161
12,110,771
11,572,398
248,200
707,411
793,655
776,516
1,165,964
1,227,314
1,153,531
287,153
285,940
296,284
340,498
199,350
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
17
0
No reports received
No reports received
0
81,032
201,462
274,000
18,650
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
38
0
0
0
14
0



0
0


0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
, 0



0
0


0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
250
1,442
0
0
500


0

0
1,400
1,100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,250
0
0
0
0



0
0


0
0
0
5
0
Off-site
Releases

Total Transfers Total On-
On-site Off-site to and Off-site
Releases Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds
61,339
33,897
9,418
345,686
193,060
130,411
284,722
296,573


57,766

2,302,304
3,111,760
4,245,638
4,199,101
8,718,307
9,290,161
12,110,771
11,572,398
248,200
707,411
793,655
776,516
1,165,964
1,227,314
1,153,569
289,403
285,940
296,284
340,512
199,350



17
0


0
81,032
201,462
274,005
18,900
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


0

10,707
2,739
14,469
27,350
18,062
905
1,871
273,449
250
250
250
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0



0
0


250
0
0
0
0
61,339
33,897
9,418
345,686
193,060
130,411
284,722
296,573


57,766

2,313,011
3,114,499
4,260,107
4,226,451
8,736,369
9,291,066
12,112,642
11,845,847
248,450
707,661
793,905
776,516
1,165,964
1,227,314
1,153,569
289,653
285,940
296,284
340,512
199,350



17
0


250
81,032
201,462
274,005
18,900
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                    205
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           Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
Table 6-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Lumber and Wood Products, SIC
Code 24, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
2452



2491



2493



2499















Industry
Prefabricated Wood Buildings



Wood Preserving



Reconstituted Wood Products



Wood Products, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 24



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 24



Total for SIC Code 24



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
16,400
46,098
106,620
41,950
13,404
12,864
43,173
495,690
6,927,927
7,399,983
5,245,147
3,123,754
4,244,991
4,508,431
4,729,231
5,854,210
1,814,441
1,897,093
1,965,763
2,475,585
590,740
1,240,958
1,202,694
1,287,043
26,662,607
30,102,727
32,561,527
30,972,926
0
0
0
0
16,580
9,466
15,089
8,035
500
260
5,766
4,220
122
96
500
819
963
1,177
2,325
13,301
0
50
0
500
18,165
11,049
23,732
27,125
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
0
9,278
265
265
23,298
1,130
1,794
1,047
2,500
633
3,433
6,500
0
0
250
0
13,674
0
0
0
7,057
12,483
7,142
8,917
49,529
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
16,400
46,098
106,620
41,950
39,262
22,595
58,527
527,023
6,929,557
7,402,037
5,251,960
3,130,474
4,245,746
4,511,960
4,736,231
5,855,029
1,815,404
1,898,520
1,968,088
2,502,560
590,740
1,241,008
1,202,694
1,294,600
26,693,255
30,120,918
32,594,176
31,049,580
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
0
4,456
11,500
0
381,270
263,643
319,311
1,522,698
625
1,638
1,198
998
379
11,783
15,798
87,070
9,738
27,305
19,805
15,299
2,355
1,000
7,888
4,863
423,386
313,719
392,090
1,932,227
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
16,400
50,554
118,120
41,950
420,532
286,238
377,838
2,049,721
6,930,182
7,403,675
5,253,158
3,131,472
4,246,125
4,523,743
4,752,029
5,942,099
1,825,142
1,925,825
1,987,893
2,517,859
593,095
1,242,008
1,210,582
1,299,463
27,116,641
30,434,637
32,986,266
32,981,807
Note: On-sltc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-d3git SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 The reconstituted wood products industry (SIC
 code 2493) reported the largest increase in total
 releases from 1988 to 1996 in the lumber and wood
 products sector. This industry reported 3.1 million
 pounds of releases in 1988 and 6.9 million pounds
 in 1996, although the 1996 level represented a
 decrease from 1995. Increases reported in air
 emissions accounted for the overall increase. The
 softwood veneer and plywood industry (SIC code
 2436) had the second largest-increase in the sector,
 from 290,000 pounds in 1988 to 1.2 million pounds
 in 1996. Almost all of this industry's reporting was
for air emissions. This industry also had a small
decrease from 1995 to 1996, despite the overall
increase for the full 1988-1996 comparison period.
The miscellaneous structural wood members
industry (SIC code 2439) ranked third for increases,
reporting 199,000 pounds in 1988 and 286,000
pounds in 1996, entirely in air emissions.

Other On-site Waste Management

In the lumber and wood products sector, the
miscellaneous wood products industry (SIC code
2499) had the largest  1994-1996 decrease in other
 206
-------
                                          Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
on-site waste management (on-site waste
management data were not collected in 1988). This
industry reported 1.7 million pounds in 1994 and
1.1 million pounds in 1996, and the reduction was
attributable to decreases in on-site energy recovery.
Reconstituted wood products (SIC code 2493)
reported 1.9 million pounds of other on-site waste
management in 1994 and 1.3 million pounds in
1996, the second-largest reduction in the sector.
Reductions in both on-site recycling and on-site
energy recovery contributed to this overall
decrease. Ranking third for decreases was the
millwork industry (SIC code 2431), which reported
331,000 pounds in 1994 and 87,000 pounds in
1996. The reported reductions occurred in both on-
site recycling and on-site treatment.

The wood kitchen cabinets industry (SIC code
2434) ranked first for increases in other on-site
waste management, with 1.4 million pounds in
1994 and 2.5 million pounds in 1996. Increases
were reported in all three types of waste
management. The industry with the second-largest
increase was wood preserving (SIC code 2491).
This industry reported 894,000 pounds in 1994 and
1.4 million pounds in 1996, although the 1995 level
was higher (2.1 million pounds). These changes
were reported primarily in on-site recycling. Some
wood preserving facilities with large increases in
on-site recycling attributed their increases to
revisions in their interpretation of how to report on-
site recycling2 (see "Facilities with Large Increases
and Decreases in Waste Management,  1991-1996,"
later in this chapter). The hardwood veneer and
plywood industry (SIC code 2435) was the only
other lumber and wood products industry to record
an increase from 1994 to 1996 in on-site waste
management. This industry reported a little over
  There are no TRI regulatory definitions of recycling.
  Facilities may use their own interpretations for purposes of
  reporting to TRI. Changes in these interpretations do not
  represent a change in guidance by EPA on how to report
  recycling.
2,000 pounds, entirely in on-site recycling, in both
1994 and 1996, with an increase of 87 pounds.

On-site waste management data for 1994-1996
appear in Table 6-15.

Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

The millwork industry (SIC code 2431) reported
870,000 pounds of transfers off-site for further
waste management in 1994 and 297,000 pounds in
1996, after an increase to 927,000 pounds in 1995.
The 1994-1996 reduction was the largest in the
lumber and wood products sector (data for some
types of off-site transfers were not collected in
1988). The second-largest reduction was reported
in the hardwood veneer and plywood industry (SIC
code 2435), from 176,000 pounds in 1994 to 3,000
pounds in 1996. Reductions in both industries were
reported in all transfer types. The multiple-codes
group (forms reporting more than one SIC code in
SIC code 24) had the third-largest decrease, from
41,000 pounds in 1994 to 35,000 in 1996. Transfers
to energy recovery decreased, offset by small
increases in transfers to recycling and treatment.

Hardwood dimension and flooring mills (SIC code
2426) reported the largest increase in transfers off-
site for further waste management in the lumber
and wood products sector for 1994-1996. This
industry reported 73,000 pounds in 1994 and
196,000 pounds in 1996, with increases in transfers
to recycling, energy recovery, and treatment. The
wood kitchen cabinets industry (SIC code 2434)
ranked second for increases, reporting 1.4 million
pounds in 1994, 1.2 million pounds in 1995, and
1.5 million pounds in 1996. An increase in reported
transfers to energy recovery was only partly offset
by a decrease in reported transfers to recycling in
the wood kitchen cabinets industry. The third-
largest increase was reported by the mobile homes
industry (SIC code 2451), from zero pounds in
1994 (forms received for 1994 reported no amounts
of transfers off-site for further waste management)
to 71,000 pounds in 1996.
                                                                                              207
-------
             Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
 Table 6-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Lumber and Wood Products,
 SIC Code 24
SIC
Code
2421



2426



2429



2431



2434



2435



2436



2439



2441



2449



2451



Industry
Sawmills & Planing Mills, General



Hardwood Dimension & Flooring Mills



Special Product Sawmills, nee*



Millwork



Wood Kitchen Cabinets



Hardwood Veneer & Plywood



Softwood Veneer & Plywood



Structural Wood Members, nee*



Nailed Wood Boxes & Shook



Wood Containers, nee*



Mobile Homes



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
31,739
96,309
75,430
NA
No reports received
No reports received
0
No reports received
14,010
41,685
151,461
NA
601,684
244,843
256,414
NA
2,175
7,165
2,088
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
0
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA


0

0
0
0
NA
272,244
181,440
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA



NA
0


NA
0
0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
36,685
0
0
NA


0

73,013
110,231
179,944
NA
1,583,929
2,194,028
1,163,597
NA
0
0
0
NA
725
1,184
1,200
NA
0
0
0
NA



NA
0


NA
0
0
0
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
68,424
96,309
75,430
NA


0

87,023
151,916
331,405
NA
2,457,857
2,620,311
1,420,011
NA
2,175
7,165
2,088
NA
725
1,184
1,200
NA
0
0
0
NA



NA
0


NA
0
0
0
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*n«c: not elsewhere classified.
 208
-------
                                           Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
Table 6-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Lumber and Wood Products,
SIC Code 24, Continued
SIC
Code Industry
2452 Prefabricated Wood Buildings



2491 Wood Preserving



2493 Reconstituted Wood Products



2499 Wood Products, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 24



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 24



Total for SIC Code 24



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
1,386,479
2,089,180
849,890
NA
12,378
278,742
420,419
NA
90,899
88,482
78,424
NA
20,877
52,627
62,110
NA
8,351
9,015,236
1,569
NA
2,168,592
11,914,269
1,897,805
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
261,557
8,769
544,926
NA
959,685
1,209,200
1,605,111
NA
70
68
15
NA
22,830
39,621
10,000
NA
1,516,386
1,439,098
2,160,052
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
26,664
9,562
44,593
NA
993,616
932,174
936,132
NA
10,482
39,199
16,290
NA
38,589
38,680
18,684
NA
7,922
843,040
1,360
NA
2,771,625
4,168,098
2,361,800
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
1,413,143
2,098,742
894,483
NA
1,267,551
1,219,685
1,901,477
NA
1,061,066
1,336,881
1,699,825
NA
59,536
91,375
80,809
NA
39,103
9,897,897
12,929
NA
6,456,603
17,521,465
6,419,657
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 Table 6-16 presents the lumber and wood sector's
 reporting of transfers off-site for further waste
 management for 1988 and 1994-1996.

 Facilities with Lame Increases and Decreases
 in Releases, 1988-1996

 American Woodmark Corporation in Moorefield,
 West Virginia (SIC code 2434), ranked first in
 increases with an overall 542,000 pound change.
 Approximately one-third of the change is accounted
 for by point-source air emissions of toluene. This
 manufacturer of kitchen cabinets uses toluene as a
 solvent in finish coatings and in cleaning materials.
The facility contact stated that the increase is due to
several factors: a slight increase in production, a
process change whereby two coats of a finish sealer
are applied instead of one, and a reformulation of
some finish materials. The contact also stated that
toluene air emissions were reduced from 461,000
pounds in 1996 to 266,000 pounds in 1997 to
comply with the Hazardous Air Pollutant
component of the facility's Title V air permit.

Fiber Products Operations in Diboll, Texas (SIC
code 2493), was second in increases with a 534,000
pound total. Methanol reporting is responsible for
90% of the increase. The manufacturer of
                                                                                                 209
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             Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
Table 6-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Lumber and
Wood Products, SIC Code 24
SIC
Code
2421



2426



2429



2431



2434



2435



2436



2439



2441



2449



Industry
Sawmills & Planing Mills, General



Hardwood Dimension & Flooring Mills



Special Product Sawmills, nee*



Millworfc



Wood Kitchen Cabinets



Hardwood Veneer & Plywood



Softwood Veneer & Plywood



Structural Wood Members, nee*



Nailed Wood Boxes & Shook



Wood Containers, nee*



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
NA
99,217
7,681
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
0
No reports received
64,068
202,681
257,356
NA
2,150
0
0
NA
90,607
78,908
72,769
NA


1,040

225,523
707,059
594,394
NA
118,412 1,328,479
50,231 1
,054,396
277,538 1,071,259
NA
0
0
4,960
NA
0
0
0
NA
46,161
250
1,000
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
No reports received
No reports received
NA
NA
2,475
94,677
152,107
NA
29,841
36,383
30,556
NA
8,636
14,850
23,850
NA



NA
0


NA
0
0
0
0
6,199
0
0
1,419


0

6,207
16,526
16,960
398,050
79,923
131,400
71,704
1,191,363
0
12,550
18,800
24,521
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,160



0
0


0
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


0

782
604
1,309
10
0
0
0
0
84
205
198
17,600
181
296
300
1,500
1,140
1,112
1,323
0



0
0


0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


0

0
0
0
0
1,000
2,418
250
46,536
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



0
0


0
2,150
0
0
NA
196,023
86,589
72,769
NA


1,040

296,580
926,870
870,019
NA
1,527,814
1,238,445
1,420,751
NA
2,559
107,432
176,065
NA
30,022
36,679
30,856
NA
55,937
16,212
26,173
NA



NA
0


NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple"
category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 210
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                                              Chapter 6— TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
Table 6-16.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Lumber and
Wood Products, SIC Code 24, Continued
SIC
Code Industry
2451 Mobile Homes



2452 Prefabricated Wood Buildings



2491 Wood Preserving



2493 Reconstituted Wood Products



2499 Wood Products, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 24



Invalid SIC Code within SIC 24



Total for SIC Code 24



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
70,308
6,263
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
3,082
360
250
NA
18,350
16,229
4,661
NA
85,771
168,316
64,654
NA
9,839
4,483
7,830
NA
0
755
8,822
NA
515,208
457,249
627,071
NA
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
11,596
18,102
24,982
NA
• 24,672
21,005
24,927
NA
487,968
463,488
427,950
NA
16,251
21,456
26,718
NA
34,324
44,959
53,195
NA
2,262,522
2,555,283
2,503,747
NA
454
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
110,202
98,210
89,178
171,305
750
1,989
2,642
55,500
500
23,074
22,659
491,234
8,544
3,698
6,488
58,461
7,551
335
0
44,165
220,330
288,032
228,431
2,438,178
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
toPOTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
630
1,764
2,090
25,145
525
525
16,298
6,286
369
250
165
253
0
0
250
5,400
0
1,250
515
23,350
3,711
6,006
22,448
79,544
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
172,500
536
0
0
23,230
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
151,401
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
750
1,536
2,418
250
395,167
70,762
6,513
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
126,046
118,436
116,500
NA
44,297
39,748
48,528
NA
574,608
655,128
515,428
NA
34,634
29,637
41,286
NA
41,875
47,299
62,532
NA
3,003,307
3,308,988
3,381,947
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
-transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 24 are assigned to the "multiple"
category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 reconstituted wood products uses a low-level
 thermal digesting process to break down wood
 chips into fibers. This process produces methanol
 as a by-product. The fibers are then combined with
 resin and pressed into a board material. According
 to the facility contact, improved estimation
 methodology was the reason for the increase.
Weyerhaeuser in Elkin, North Carolina (did not
report in 1988, SIC code 2493 in 1996), ranked
third in increases with 513,000 pounds. Point
source air emissions of methanol accounted for
55% of the increase. The facility's primary product
is oriented strand board, which is produced by
impregnating wood chips with resin and then
                                                                                                      211
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          Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
 forming the resinated material into boards under
 high temperature and pressure. Methanol is
 produced as a by-product during this pressing
 cycle. The plant did not come into full operation
 until 1989 and, according to the facility contacts,
 did not meet the reporting threshold in 1988.
 Therefore, the facility did not report in 1988.
 Facility contacts also stated that, until 1996,
 industry emission factors for methanol were not
 thoroughly developed for the oriented strand board
 manufacturing processes used at this plant.

 Andersen Corporation in Bayport, Minnesota (SIC
 code 2431), ranked first in decreases with an
 overall 1.3 million-pound decrease. Xylene (mixed
 isomers) accounted for over half (667,000 pounds)
 of the reduction. The manufacturer of clad-wood
 windows and patio doors reduced xylene usage in a
 number of ways. The chemical was used as a paint
 thinner and was replaced with n-butyl acetate. It
 was eliminated as a cleaning solvent and replaced
 by unlisted chemicals such as denatured alcohol.
 Xylene was also eliminated as a diluent in a
 solvent-based wood preservative (heptane was
 substituted). Additionally, Andersen asked its
 suppliers to reduce or eliminate TRI chemicals
 from their products. These included paints and a
 solvent-based wood preservative. Xylene usage was
 further reduced by switching from solvent-based
 adhesives (used to laminate vinyl to wood core) to
 urethane adhesives. Andersen noted that because
 the facility purchases high volumes of materials, its
 suppliers have sometimes discontinued products
 with higher contents ofregulated chemicals and
 replaced them with reformulated products.

 Dallas Woodcraft, Inc., in Dallas, Texas (SIC code
 2499), was second in decreases with a 790,000
 pound reduction. The plant produces framed copies
 of artwork. Wooden picture frames are
 manufactured on-site. Xylene (mixed isomers),
 which accounted for 84% of the decrease, was used
 in staining and coating processes. No xylene data
 were reported in 1996 because the facility switched
 to water-based processes.
 Pella Corporation in Pella, Iowa (SIC code 2431),
 was third in decreases with an overall 669,000
 pound decrease. Air emissions of toluene, a paint
 constituent, were reduced by over 353,000 pounds
 (53% of the total decrease) after the facility started
 using lower VOC (high-solids) paints on newly
 manufactured windows and doors.

 Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
 Releases, 1988-1996

 In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
 large apparent increases and decreases, which have
 been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
 Because these are errors or plant closures and  not
 actual changes in the data, these facilities are not
 discussed in detail here. There is one such facility
 in the lumber and wood products sector:

    Woodgrain Millwork, Inc., Fruitland, Idaho,
    increase of 600,000 pounds, reporting error.

 1991-1996 Waste Management Data
 for Lumber and Wood Products

 Table 6-17 summarizes on- and off-site waste
 management data for the lumber and wood
 products sector for 1991, when TRI began
 collecting this information, and the three most
 recent years (1994-1996). From  1991 to 1996,
 production-related waste reported in this sector
 increased from 68.5 million pounds to 108.0
 million pounds. This increase, of 39.5 million
 pounds or 57.7%, reflected increases in recent years
 in on-site recycling and on-site treatment by
 facilities mentioned in the discussion of "1996 TRI
 Data in Lumber and Wood Products," early in  this
 chapter.

 Overall, on-site recycling reported in this sector
increased from 19.1  million pounds in 1991  to 49.9
million pounds in 1996, although the amounts
reported fluctuated through this period. On-site
treatment increased from 1.5 million pounds in
 1991 to 22.4 million pounds in 1996, and the bulk
212
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                                                 Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
Table 6-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996:  Lumber and Wood Products, SIC Code 24
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste

Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
1991
Pounds
19,124,567
9,962,519
1,532,897
30,619,983
1,064,302
3,394,448
1,039,182
5,497,932
32,364,953
68,482,868
633,947
Change
1994-1995
Percent
389.1
-33.4
71.8
304.3
-37.9
0.6
54.2
-0.9
-16.1
88.5
-66.9
1994
Pounds
15,517,790
2,160,052
2,520,293
20,198,135
718,808
2,832,307
403,194
3,954,309
38,293,538
62,445,982
1,563,282
Change
1995-1996
Percent
-34.3
5.4
417.4
-9.7
34.5
-11.6
27.8
-0.1
-5.7
-8.3
834.1
1995
Pounds
75,897,536
1,439,098
4,329,754
81,666,388
446,470
2,850,179
621,617
3,918,266
32,129,087
117,713,741
517,690
Change
1991-1996
Percent
160.7
-84.8
1,361.6
141.0
-43.6
-25.8
-23.5
-28.8
-6.4
57.7
662.8
1996
Pounds
49,864,475
1,516,386
22,404,103
73,784,964
600,437
2,519,261
794,475
3,914,173
30,301,565
108,000,702
4,835,588









Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
                                                                                                               213
-------
          Chapter 6 — TRl Data for Lumber and Wood Products
 of this increase occurred in the last year. These
 changes also amounted to very large percentage
 increases, 160.7% for on-site recycling and more
 than 1,300% for on-site treatment.

 All other waste management options decreased
 from 1991 to 1996 in the lumber and wood
 products sector's reporting. The largest reduction
 was reported in on-site energy recovery, from 10.0
 million pounds to 1.5 million pounds.  Smaller
 reductions in reported quantities for each of the off-
 site waste management types contributed to a
 reduction in total off-site waste management from
 5.5 million pounds to 3.9 million pounds.

 The lumber and wood products sector reported 32.4
 million pounds in quantities released on- and off-
 site in 1991 and 30.3 million pounds in 1996. This
 was a reduction of 2.1 million pounds, or 28.8%.

 Figure 6-13 displays percentage change for on-site
 waste management, off-site waste management,
 quantities released on- and off-site, and total
 production-related waste for the lumber and wood
 products sector for 1991-1996.

 As a result of these changes, on-site waste
 management accounted for a much larger
 proportion of the  sector's production-related waste
 in 1996 than in 1991 and quantities released for a
 much smaller proportion. On-site waste
 management was 44.7% of production-related
 waste in 1991 and 68.3% in 1996, while releases
 decreased from 47.3% to 28.1%. Some changes
 reflect facilities' decisions about how to report
 quantities of TRI  chemicals in use of waste that
 they manage. However, the increase in use of waste
 management options such as recycling
 accompanied by the decrease in releases suggests
 improvement in the sector's performance, as
 measured by the waste management hierarchy
 (explained in Chapter 1). In that hierarchy,
 recycling is the most preferred option and releases
 the lease preferred option.
However, at the same time, production-related
waste showed large increases overall. TRI facilities
report absolute amounts of waste managed and of
environmental releases, not adjusted for changes in
production levels. In the lumber and wood products
sector, however, production-related waste has
increased much more rapidly than the sector's level
of production.

Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
in Waste Management,  1991-1996

Wheeler Lumber Operations in Whitewood, South
Dakota (SIC code 2491), ranked first for increases
with a 29.3 million-pound increase. Ninety-six
percent of the change was  attributable to on-site
recycling of creosote. The facility manufactures
timber bridges and farm products such as posts and
barn poles. Creosote is used as a wood preservative.
The facility contact at Wheeler gave two reasons
for the increase in on-site recycling: The facility
has undergone a production increase, and some of
the increase is likely due to a change in the
interpretation of how to report on-site recycling.3

Kerr-McGee Chemical Corporation in Columbus,
Mississippi (SIC code 2491), was second in
increases with 18.2 million pounds. The facility
manufactures railroad products, primarily crossties,
that are preserved with creosote. All of this increase
was due to creosote reporting, and nearly all of that
was reported as on-site recycling and on-site
treatment. The facility contact stated that increases
in both of these categories were due to changes in
interpretation of its activities. Most of the increase
was a change in interpretation of how to estimate
3  There are no TRI regulatory definitions of recycling.
   Facilities may use their own interpretations for purposes of
   reporting to TRI. Changes in these interpretations do not
   represent a change in guidance by EPA on how to report
   recycling.
214
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                                              Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
    1,600
    -200
         Recycled
         On-site
 Energy
Recovery
 On-site
Treated
On-site
Recycled
 Off-site
  Energy
Recovery
  Off-site
Treated
Off-site
    Quantity
Released On-
 and Off-site
    Total
Production-
   related
   Waste
           On-site Waste Management                Off-site Waste Management
         Figure 6-13.  Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
                               Lumber and Wood Products (SIC Code 24)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
 on-site recycling quantities.4 More recently (1996),
 the facility also redefined some of its recycling to
 be treatment.

 Another Kerr-McGee Chemical Corporation
 facility, in Texarkana, Texas (SIC code 2491), was
 ranked third in increases with 4.7 million pounds.
 The railroad crosstie manufacturing plant also uses
 creosote as a wood preservative. This chemical
 accounted for all of the facility's increase. An
                                       increase in the reported amount of creosote
                                       recycled on-site was responsible for 97% of the
                                       overall change. The reason cited for the increase
                                       was a change in the interpretation of how to
                                       estimate on-site recycling quantities.5

                                       Andersen Corporation in Bayport, Minnesota (SIC
                                       code 2431), was first in decreases with an overall
                                       1.0 million-pound decrease. The facility also
                                       ranked as the top decreaser in releases, in part due
    There are no TRI regulatory definitions of recycling.
    Facilities may use their own interpretations for purposes of
    reporting to TRI. Changes in these interpretations do not
    represent a change in guidance by EPA on how to report
    recycling.
                                          There are no TRI regulatory definitions of recycling.
                                          Facilities may use their own interpretations for purposes of
                                          reporting to TRI. Changes in these interpretations do not
                                          represent a change in guidance by EPA on how to report
                                          recycling.
                                                                                                        215
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           Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
 to significant reductions in the use of xylene (mixed
 isomers). Xylene accounted for almost half of
 Andersen's decrease. (See "Facilities with Large
 Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996"
 for more information.)

 Kenson Wood Preserving, LLC, in Picayune,
 Mississippi (SIC code 2491), was second in
 decreases with 786,000 pounds. The primary
 products of Kenson are power poles and pilings.
 Creosote accounted for 100% of the facility's
 decrease and 76% of the creosote reduction was
 reported as recycled on-site. Steam flashing, a
 process by which preservative is forced into wood
 and water is forced out, produces wastewater
 containing excess creosote. The excess preservative
 was separated from the water, recycled, and reused.
 Installation of dry kilns replaced steam flashing and
 effectively reduced the need to recover and recycle
 excess creosote.

 Colfax  Creosoting Company in Pineville, Louisiana
 (SIC code 2491), ranked third in decreases with an
 overall  556,000 pound decrease. A 394,000 pound
 drop in the amount of creosote reported as recycled
 on-site  accounted for 71 % of the decrease. A
 manufacturer of preserved wood products,
 primarily utility poles and railroad crossties, Colfax
 Creosoting attributes the change in on-site
 recycling data to revisions in how the figure was
 calculated.6

 Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
 Production-Related Waste, 1991-1996

 In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
 large apparent increases and decreases, which have
 been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
   There are no TRI regulatory definitions of recycling.
   Facilities may use their own interpretations for purposes of
   reporting to TRI. Changes in these interpretations do not
   represent a change in guidance by EPA on how to report
   recycling.
Because these are errors or plant closures and not
actual changes in the data, these facilities are not
discussed in detail here. There are three such
facilities in the lumber and wood products sector:

   Medite of New Mexico, Las Vegas, New
   Mexico, decrease of 8.7 million pounds, plant
   closure.

   Sanderson Plumbing Products, Inc., Columbus,
   Mississippi, decrease of 592,000 pounds,
   reporting error.

   Schrock Cabinet Company, Grants Pass,
   Oregon,  decrease of 773,000 pounds, reporting
   error.

Facilities Contacted for Explanations
(alphabetical by facility):

   American Woodmark Corporation, Moorefield,
   West Virginia: Rod Gunter, August 19,
   September 16, October 9, and October 15, 1998
   (explanation provided)

   Andersen Corporation, Bayport, Minnesota:
   Dale Olson, August 19, 1998 (explanation
   provided)

   Colfax Creosoting Company, Pineville,
   Louisiana: Carl Johnson and Rick Deerman,
   October 19, 1998 (explanation provided)

   Dallas Woodcraft, Inc., Dallas, Texas: Richard
   Hudson, August  17, 1998 (explanation
   provided)

   Fiber Products Operations, Diboll, Texas: Don
   Cox, August  19,  1998 (explanation provided)
   Kenson Wood Preserving, LLC, Picayune,
   Mississippi: Mark Simmons, October 13,  1998,
   Dr. John Ball, October 3, 1998, and Randy
   McGough, October 15, 1998 (explanation
   provided)

   Kerr-McGee Chemical Corporation, Columbus,
   Mississippi and Texarkana, Texas: Nick Bock,
   August 17, 1998 (explanation provided)
216
-------
                                     Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
Medite of New Mexico, Las Vegas, New
Mexico: Barbara Lemley, August 17, 1998
(explanation provided)

Pella Corporation, Pella, Iowa: Jim Nieboer,
September 8,1998 (explanation provided)
Sanderson Plumbing Products, Inc., Columbus,
Mississippi (no explanation provided).
Schrock Cabinet Company, Grants Pass,
Oregon: Jim Weitkamp, September 8, 1998
(explanation provided)
Weyerhaeuser, Elkin, North Carolina: Billie
Caudill and Jim Odendahl, September 16, 1998
(explanation provided)
Wheeler Lumber Operations, Whitewood,
South Dakota: Tammie Hill, August 17, 1998
(explanation provided)
Woodgrain Millwork, Inc., Fruitland, Idaho:
James A. Jaderholm, August 25,1998
(explanation provided)
                                                                                       217
-------
        Chapter 6 — TRI Data for Lumber and Wood Products
218
-------
                                   Chapter 7
               Toxics Release  Inventory Data
                  for Furniture (SIC  Code 25)
A  Look at the Furniture
and Fixtures  Industry

(SIC Code 25)

The furniture and fixtures industry (SIC code 25)
manufactures furniture for homes, offices, public
buildings, and restaurants. It produces fixtures
such as partitions, shelving, and display cases for
offices and stores. Many products of this sector
are made of wood, but household furniture made
of metal and office and store fixtures made of
non-wood materials are included. This sector also
produces mattresses and bedsprings. Automobile
and aircraft seats are included, classified as
furniture for public buildings and related uses.
Box 7-1 lists Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) codes and their designations for this sector.
In TRI, SIC codes are given as reported by the
facilities; these may differ from information in
economic and other data collections.

The furniture sector shipped products valued at
$55.70 biUion in 1996, up from $53.47 billion in
1995 (both in current dollars). This was about
1.5% of the value of shipments of all U.S.
manufacturing. Employment in this sector was
515,000 in 1996, having increased steadily since
1991. From 1989 to 1996, furniture production
rose 6.3%, a modest expansion compared to a
17.6% increase for all U.S. manufacturing sectors
over that period (see Chapter 1, Table 1-10).
Household furniture manufacture (SIC code 251)
constituted approximately half the sector's 1996
economic activity, with $25.43 billion in shipments
and 273,000 in employment.

Processes in production of wood furniture and
fixtures include drying, sawing and planing,
assembly, and coating or finishing. Some furniture is
finished before assembly. Assembly of upholstered
wood furniture typically involves solvent-based
adhesives, while non-upholstered wood furniture is
joined using "hot melt" adhesive or polyvinyl acetate.
Veneer (a thin layer of wood) may be applied,
requiring adhesives along with heat and/or pressure.
Ammonia and acetone may be applied to remove
natural wood rosin. Wood surfaces are then bleached
(often with hydrogen peroxide), coated, and finished
for indoor or outdoor use. Coatings and finishes may
be applied, dried, and sanded several times. Outdoor
furniture is usually treated with a fungicide and
water-repellent.

Adhesives commonly used in assembling furniture
contain solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl
isobutyl ketone, toluene, and xylene. Coating and
finishing applications typically involve solvents in
stains, paints, finishes, and inks (used to simulate
wood grain); toluene and xylene are common.
                                                                                     219
-------
             Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
Box 7-1. SIC Code 25, Furniture and Fixtures: Codes and Classifications
 SIC Code
Industry Description
  251   Household Furniture
        2511   Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered

        2512   Wood Household Furniture, Upholstered
        2514   Metal Household Furniture
        2515   Mattresses, Foundations, and Convertible Beds
        2517   Wood Television, Radio, Phonograph, and Sewing
               Machine Cabinets
        2519   Household Furniture, nee*
  252  Office Furniture
        2521   Wood Office Furniture
        2522   Office Furniture, Except Wood
  253  Public Building and Belated Furniture
        2531   Public Building and Related Furniture
  254   Partitions, Shelving, Lockers, and Office and
        Store Fixtures
        2541   Wood Office and Store Fixtures, Partitions,
               Shelving, and Lockers

        2542   Office and Store Fixtures, Partitions, Shelving,
               and Lockers, Except Wood

  259   Miscellaneous Furniture and Fixtures
        2591   Drapery Hardware and Window Blinds and Shades

        2599   Furniture and Fixtures, nee*
Manufacture of wood household furniture commonly used in dwellings.
Manufacture of camp furniture.
Manufacture of upholstered furniture on wood frames.
Manufacture of metal household furniture of a type commonly used in dwellings.
Manufacture of mattresses (innerspring, box spring, and non-innerspring) containing
felt, foam rubber, urethane, hair, or any other rilling material. Manufacture of
assembled wire springs (fabric, coil, or box) for use on beds, couches, and cots.
Manufacture of dual-purpose sleep furniture, such as convertible sofas and chair
beds.
Manufacture of wood cabinets for radios, television sets, phonographs, and sewing
machines.
Manufacture of reed, rattan, and other wicker furniture, plastics and fiberglass
household furniture and cabinets, and other miscellaneous household furniture.
Manufacture of office furniture, chiefly of wood.
Manufacture of office furniture, except furniture chiefly of wood.
Manufacture of furniture for schools, theaters, assembly halls, churches, and
libraries. Includes manufacture of seats for public conveyances, automobiles, and
aircraft.
Manufacture of shelving, lockers, and office and store fixtures, plastics laminated
fixture tops, and related fabricated products, chiefly of wood. (Includes
prefabricated partitions designed to be attached to the floor.)
Manufacture of office and store fixtures, shelving, storage racks, lockers, and related
products, chiefly of materials other than wood. (Includes prefabricated partitions
designed to be attached to the floor.)
Manufacture of curtain and drapery rods, poles, and fixtures. Manufacture of
Venetian blinds and other window blinds and shades, except of canvas.
Manufacture of miscellaneous furniture and fixtures, including hospital beds and
furniture specially designed for use in restaurants, bars, cafeterias, bowling centers,
and ships.
*ncc; not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
                                                              Sources

   Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987:
       Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and industry descriptions.
   U.S, Industry & Trade Outlook '98, DRI/McGraw Hill, Standard & Poor's, and U.S. Department of Commerce, International
       Trade Administration, 1998: economic analyses, also provides some information on environment and industrial
       processes for selected industries.
   U.S, Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufactures: Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries, M96(AS)-1,
       February 1998 :  value of shipments and employment.
       Supplemental data from U.S. Census Bureau  for some industries.
   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Office of Compliance, Profile of
       She Wood Furniture and Fixtures Industry, Sector Notebook project, EPA/310-R-95-003, September 1995
       : industry processes and technologies, pollutant sources, and selected
       economic data.
220
-------
 As previously mentioned, furniture and fixtures
 classified in SIC code 25 also include those
 constructed of non-wood materials. Production of
 furniture and fixtures from metals, plastics, and
 other materials is similar to processes associated
 with other industrial sectors. The manufacture of
 metal furniture, for example, involves preparation
 and finishing similar to processes applied in
 production of some fabricated metal products
 (SIC code 34).


 1996 TRI Data for

 Furniture

 Table 7-1 summarizes TRI reporting by the
 furniture sector for 1996. A total of 1,250 forms
 were submitted by this sector in 1996. Of this
 total, only 26 Form As (or 2.1%) were submitted
 by this sector, well below the 10.1% TRI average.
 Form A certification statements certify that a
 facility's total annual reportable amount of a TRI
 chemical was less than 500 pounds for the year
 and that the facility did not manufacture, process,
 or otherwise use more than 1 million pounds.
 (The Form A certification statement is explained
 in Chapter 1.)

 The wood household furniture industry (SIC code
 2511) submitted 630 forms, half (50.4%) of the
 forms submitted by this sector. There were 168
 forms that reported more than one SIC code
 within SIC code 25 to define the facility's
 operations. This "multiple-codes" group of forms
 (explained below) represented 13.4% of all forms
 submitted by the furniture sector for 1996. The
 wood office furniture industry (SIC code 2521)
 submitted the third-largest number of forms in the
 sector, 95 forms or 7.6% of the total.

 Some facilities in the furniture sector
manufacture distinct, but related, products that
 are classified in different SIC codes within SIC
code 25. A facility may manufacture office
furniture from both wood and non-wood
                                                         Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture
 materials. These activities are classified in SIC code
 2521 (wood office furniture) and SIC code 2522
 (office furniture, except wood). Another facility may
 manufacture both wood household furniture and
 wood office furniture. These products are classified
 in SIC codes 2511 and 2521, respectively. These
 facilities may report multiple SIC codes on their TRI
 forms. (Box 1-5 in Chapter 1 further explains
 reporting of multiple SIC codes and its affect on the
 analyses presented in the TRI data release.)

 Two industrial groups dominated TRI reporting in the
 furniture sector in 1996. The wood household
 furniture industry (SIC code 2511) ranked first for
 releases (on-site, off-site, and total on- and off-site)
 and for total production-related waste. The multiple-
 codes group reported the largest amounts for other
 on-site waste management and transfers off-site for
 further waste management.

 the furniture sector reported 35.9 million pounds  of
 total on- and off-site releases, consisting almost
 entirely (99.6%) of on-site releases. Ranking first  in
 the sector, the wood household furniture industry
 (SIC code 2511) reported 22.2 million pounds of total
 releases, including 22.1 million pounds on-site and
 91,000 pounds off-site. This industry's reported
 releases amounted to 61.7% of the sector's total. The
 multiple-codes group ranked second for the release
 categories, with 5.3 million pounds of total releases
 (5.27 million pounds on-site and 19,000 pounds off-
 site). Multiple-codes forms accounted for  14.7% of
 the sector's total releases. The wood office furniture
 industry (SIC code 2521) reported the third-largest
 on-site releases and total releases, with 2.1 million
 pounds (approximately 6%).

 The multiple-codes group reported 2.7 million
pounds of other on-site waste management, 65.7% of
the sector's 4.1 million-pound total in this category.
This was the only category in which the  wood
household furniture industry did not rank first or
second in the sector. Non-wood partitions  and
fixtures (SIC code 2542) reported the second-
                                                                                              221
-------
           Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
Table 7-1.  Summary of TRI Information by4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25
Total Total
On* and Productlon-
OIT-sitc related
Releases Waste
Rank Rank
1
6
13
11
14
9
3
4
7
10
5
12
8
2
15

1
8
12
15
13
10
3
4
5
11
6
7
9
2
14

SIC
Code
2511
2512
2514
2515
2517
2519
2521
2522
2531
2541
2542
2591
2599



Total
Industry Facilities
Number
Wood Household Furniture
Upholstered Household Furniture
Metal Household Furniture
Mattresses & Bedsprings
Wood TV & Radio Cabinets
Household Furniture, nee*
Wood Office Furniture
Office Furniture, Except Wood
Public Building & Related Furniture
Wood Partitions & Fixtures
Partitions & Fixtures, Except Wood
Drapery Hardware & Blinds & Shades
Furniture & Fixtures, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 25
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 25
Total for SIC Code 25
183
23
12
2
3
11
36
32
23
21
25
8
25
48
1
453
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
630
38
17
3
8
21
95
65
53
31
48
24
47
168
2
1,250
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
7
4
0
0
0
2
10
0
26
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
22,059,136
783,320
269,490
337,599
193,575
507,354
2,129,854
1,225,136
683,843
424,332
893,719
333,297
630,226
5,269,424
10,500
35,750,805
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
91,199
0
0
0
0
0
1,928
0
5,985
2,116
529
0
4,688
19,413
0
125,858
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
22,150,335
783,320
269,490
337,599
193,575
507,354
2,131,782
1,225,136
689,828
426,448
894,248
333,297
634,914
5,288,837
10,500
35,876,663
Note: On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility incorrectly reported 0 pounds of
total production-related waste under SIC code 2515. The correct amount is 370,695 pounds. The total production-related waste rank of SIC code 2515 changes
from 15 to 12.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 largest other on-site waste management, with
 455,000 pounds (11.2% of the total). Ranking
 third was drapery hardware and blinds and shades
 (SIC code 2591), with 381,000 pounds or 9.4%.

 The multiple-codes group also ranked first for
 transfers off-site for further waste management in
 the furniture sector. Multiple-codes forms
 reported 7.1 million pounds, 54.5% of the
 sector's 13.1 million pounds in this category.
 Wood household furniture (SIC code 2511)
 ranked second, with  1.7 million pounds (13.4%),
 and public building and related furniture (SIC
 code 2531) was third, with 1.3 million pounds
 (10.0%).

 Production-related waste reported in SIC code 25
 totaled 57.8 million pounds in 1996. The wood
 household furniture industry (SIC code 2511)
 reported 25.4 million pounds, 44.0% of this total.
 Multiple-codes forms reported 19.3 million
 pounds, or 33.3%. Ranking third for total
production-related waste, the wood office furniture
industry (SIC code 2521) reported 2.8 million pounds
(4.8%).

Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 25

Table 7-2 further examines reporting of multiple
SIC codes within SIC code 25. The most frequent
combination, submitted on 34 forms, was for non-
upholstered and upholstered household furniture
made of wood (wood household furniture in SIC
code  2511 and upholstered household furniture in
SIC code 2512).  Thirty-three forms reported the
combination of wood partitions and fixtures (SIC
code  2541) and non-wood partitions and fixtures
(SIC  code 2542).

Among multiple-codes groups in SIC code 25, the
combination of wood office furniture (SIC code
2521), non-wood office furniture (SIC code 2522),
and non-wood partitions and fixtures (SIC code
 222
-------
                                                              Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture
Table 7-1.  Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25, Continued
SIC
Code
2511
2512
2514
2515
2517
2519
2521
2522
2531
2541
2542
2591
2599



Industry
Wood Household Furniture
Upholstered Household Furniture
Metal Household Furniture
Mattresses & Bedsprings
Wood TV & Radio Cabinets
Household Furniture, nee*
Wood Office Furniture
Office Furniture, Except Wood
Public Building & Related Furniture
Wood Partitions & Fixtures
Partitions & Fixtures, Except Wood
Drapery Hardware & Blinds & Shades
Furniture & Fixtures, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 25
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 25
Total for SIC Code 25
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
176,677
2,005
20,970
0
0
7,325
14,284
286,683
31,012
6,404
454,834
381,128
11,792
2,667,300
0
4,060,414
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
1,747,568
76,527
57,694
6,295
7,922
21,152
587,487
777,365
1,303,070
69,517
807,107
389,067
92,848
7,112,961
1,000
13,057,580
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
25,423,289
788,082
335,415
0
201,401
554,735
2,762,682
2,252,266
2,036,351
519,279
1,832,715
1,103,870
725,609
19,277,636
10,610
57,823,940
Non-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
20
0
0
72
0
1
0
0
40
0
0
0
0
15
0
148
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility incorrectly reported 0 pounds of
total production-related waste under SIC code 2515. The correct amount is 370,695 pounds. The total production-related waste rank of SIC code 2515 changes
from 15 to 12.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 2542) reported the largest amounts of total on-
 and off-site releases (1.6 million pounds) and
 total production-related waste (12.9 million
 pounds), as shown in Table 7-2: Fifteen forms
 reported this combination.

 The combination of non-upholstered and
 upholstered wood household furniture (SIC codes
 2511 and 2512, respectively)  ranked second for
 both total on- and off-site releases (1.3 million
 pounds) and total production-related waste (1.5
 million pounds). Ranking third, the combination
 of wood and non-wood partitions and fixtures
 (SIC codes 2541 and 2542, respectively),
 reported 1.0 million pounds of total releases and
 1.4 million pounds of total production-related
 waste.
On- and Off-site Releases

Almost all of the sector's 35.9 million-pound total for
on- and off-site releases in 1996 consisted of air
emissions, which totaled 35.7 million pounds. The
wood household furniture industry (SIC code 2511)
reported 22.1 million pounds of air emissions, 61.1%
of the sector's total air emissions.

The multiple-codes group (forms with more than one
SIC code in SIC code 25) reported the second-largest
amount of air emissions, 5.2 million pounds (14.7%).
As noted above, these two industrial groups also
reported the largest off-site releases (transfers to
disposal), the wood household furniture industry with
92,000 pounds and the multiple-codes forms with
19,000 pounds.

Table 7-3 and Figure 7-1 present the sector's data for
on- and off-site releases in 1996. Figure 7-2 shows
the distribution of on- and off-site releases for the
                                                                                                        223
-------
              Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture
Table 7-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25
SlCCodts
251 1
2SU
2511
2511
2511
2511
1SI1
2511
2511
2511
2512
2519
2S21
2521
2521
2521
2521
2521
2522
2522
2522
2531
2531
2541
2512
2512 2514
2514
2515
2517 2531
2521
2521 2531
2522 2599
2541
2599
2521
2521
2517
2522
2522 2542
2522 2599
2531
2541
2531
2542
2599
2542
2599
2542
Total for SIC Code 25
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
34
1
1
4
1
14
2
1
1
1
I
I
1
IS
15
8
8
1
2
5
9
2
4
33
168
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
10
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
1,300,661
0
13,000
53,820
11,250
279,469
30,172
0
21,416
5,202
26,000
250
11,786
352,445
1,613,744
47,200
175,166
37,260
55,477
187,487
507
19,390
5,403
1,022,319
5,269,424
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18,400
1
0
0
0
0
1,000
12
0
0
0
19,413
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off-site for
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
1,300,661
0
13,000
53,820
11,250
279,469
30,172
0
21,416
5,202
26,000
250
11,786
370,845
1,613,745
47,200
175,166
37,260
55,477
188,487
519
19,390
5,403
1,022,319
5,288,837
7,600
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,180
0
273,300
2,178,171
0
4,346
0
0
120,000
60,203
0
0
22,500
2,667,300
157,887
7,453
500
0
950
24,494
3,222
0
1,930
0
960
2,580
0
564,822
4,600,361
93,100
9,910
0
11,869
320,829
636,989
10,465
13,165
651,475
7,112,961
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
1,469,614
7,453
13,200
52,820
11,700
303,415
33,394
0
23,346
5,201
26,960
2,591
11,786
1,190,232
12,911,664
139,550
189,422
37,260
66,979
621,187
696,472
28,634
18,568
1,416,188
19,277,636
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Q
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
Note: On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases are transfers off-site to disposal
from Section 6 of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 of Form R. Total Production-related Waste sums
Section 8 of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).

Table 7-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25 (in Rank Order)

SIC
Code

25 II

2521
2522
2542
2512
2531
2599
2519
2541
2515
2591
2514
2517




Industry

Wood Household Furniture
Multiple wilhln SIC Code 25
Wood Office Furniture
Office Furoilure, Except Wood
Partitions & Fixtures, Except Wood
Upholstered Household Furniture
Public Building & Related Furniture
Furniture & Fixtures, ncc*
Household Furniture, nee*
Wood Partitions & Fixtures
Mtttrcsscs & Bcdsprings
Drapery Hardware & Blinds & Shades
Metal Household Furniture
Wood TV & Rudio Cabinets
InvulW SIC Code within SIC Code 25
Total for SIC Code 25

Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
22,058,018
5,244,133
2,129,854
1,225,131
893,459
783,320
683,833
630,226
507,354
424,332
337,599
333,297
269,490
193,575
10,500
35,724,121
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
25
3
0
5
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
43
Underground Injection
Class I
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Class II-V
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
Pounds
1,093
25,288
0
0
250
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26,641
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
22,059,136
5,269,424
2,129,854
1,225,131
893,719
783,320
683,843
630,226
507,354
424,332
337,599
333,297
269,490
193,575
10,500
35,750,805
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
91,199
19,413
1,928
0
529
0
5,985
4,688
0
2,116
0
0
0
0
0
125,858
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
22,150,335
5,288,837
2,131,782
1,225,136
894,248
783,320
689,828
634,914
507,354
426,448,,
337,599
333,297
269,490
193,575
10,500
35,876,663
Note: On-slte Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SIC code within SIC code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 224
-------
   Transfers Off-site
      to Disposal
         0.4%
                                         Air
                                        99.6%
             Underground Injection = 0%
             RCRA Subtitle C Landfills = 0%
             Surface Water < 0.1%
             Other On-site Land Releases = 0.1%
   Figure 7-1.  Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site
        Releases, 1996: Furniture (SIC Code 25)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of FormR. Off-site Releases from
Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
                                                             Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture
industries (four-digit SIC code) with the sector's
largest releases.

Other On-site Waste Management

The furniture sector reported 2.8 million pounds of
on-site recycling in 1996, which was 70.0% of the
sector's other on-site waste management. On-site
treatment totaled 1.2 million pounds, or 29.1% of the
total. Little on-site energy recovery was reported.
Table 7-4 presents the sector's other on-site waste
management data for 1996, and Figure 7-3 illustrates
the distribution by waste management method.

The multiple-codes group reported 2.2 million
pounds of on-site recycling and 427,000 pounds of
on-site treatment, the largest amounts in this sector in
both categories. On-site recycling reported on
multiple-codes forms amounted to more than half
(55.2%) of all other on-site waste management
25,000,000 •

20,000,000 '



15,000,000-
1
10,000,000-
5,000,000 -
o -










||

f||
^
i

I







2511







i
Mult
















1
2521









H Transfers Off-site to Disposal
• Other On-site Land Releases
0 RCRA Subtitle C Landfills

a UIJ, Class II-V Wells
n UIJ, Class I Wells
H Surface Water
• Air








?l \%%&l \mrnd
2522 2542 2512 2531 2599 2519 2541








Figure 7-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest
Releases, 1996: Furniture (SIC Code 25)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal). UIJ = underground injection. Forms with
more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC Code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
                                                                                                     225
-------
           Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture


Table 7-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code

2542
2591
2522
2511
2531
2514
2521
2599
2519
2541
2512
2515
2517


Industry
Multiple within SIC Code 25
Partitions & Fixtures, Except Wood
Drapery Hardware & Blinds & Shades
Office Furniture, Except Wood
Wood Household Furniture
Public Building & Related Furniture
Metal Household Furniture
Wood Office Furniture
Furniture & Fixtures, nee*
Household Furniture, nee*
Wood Partitions & Fixtures
Upholstered Household Furniture
Mattresses & Bedsprings
Wood TV & Radio Cabinets
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 25
Total for SIC Code 25
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
2,240,579
121,200
32,168
273,527
161,450
0
0
0
689
0
3,895
6,404
2,005
0
0
2,841,917
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
12,080
0
0
0
13,595
11,792
0
0
0
0
0
37,467
Treated
On-site
Pounds
426,721
333,634
348,960
13,156
3,147
0
31,012
20,970
0
0
3,430
0
0
0
0
1,181,030
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
2,667,300
454,834
381,128
286,683
176,677
0
31,012
20,970
14,284
11,792
7,325
6,404
2,005
0
0
4,060,414
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 25 are assigned to the
"multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
      Treated On-site
         29.1%
 Energy Recovery
     On-site
      0.9%
                                        Recycled
                                         On-site
                                         70.0%
   Rgure 7-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste
      Management, 1996: Furniture (SIC Code 25)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.

 reported by the furniture sector. This included on-
 site recycling of 1.4 million pounds of xylenes
 reported by one facility, reporting SIC codes
 2522,2542, and 2521.

 The non-wood office furniture industry (SIC code
 2522) reported the second-largest amount of on-
 site recycling with 274,000 pounds. Drapery
 hardware and blinds and shades (SIC code 2591)
 reported the second-largest amount of on-site
 treatment with 349,000 pounds.
Figure 7-4 illustrates the distribution of on-site waste
management reporting for the top industries in this
sector.

Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

Recycling and energy recovery each accounted for
more than 40% of the furniture sector's total transfers
off-site for further waste management in 1996. The
sector reported 6.5 million pounds transferred to
recycling (49.4% of transfers for further waste
management) and 5.6 million pounds of transfers to
energy recovery (43.0%), as shown in Table 7-5.

Multiple-codes forms in SIC code 25 reported the
largest transfers to recycling (3.2 million pounds) and
transfers to energy recovery (3.6 million pounds).
One facility reported transferring 1.9 million pounds
of xylenes off-site to recycling. The facility that
reported substantial on-site recycling of xylenes,
noted above, also reported transferring 1.6 million
pounds of this chemical to energy recovery.
 226
-------
                                                                        Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture
                3,000,000
                2,500,000 -
                2,000,000 -
                1,500,000 -
                1,000,000
                 500,000
DTreated

• Energy Recovery

il Recycled
                            Mult.
                                    2542
                                            2591
                                                     2522
                                                             2511
                                                                      2531
                                                                              2514
                                                                                       2521
                                                                                               2599
                                                                                                       2519
                 Figure 7-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
                                       Totals, 1996:  Furniture (SIC Code 25)
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 25 are assigned to the
 Multiple" category.
Table 7-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25


SIC
Code

2511
2531
2542
2522
2521
2591
2599
2512
2541
2514
2519
2517
2515





Industry

Multiple within SIC Code 25
Wood Household Furniture
Public Building & Related Furniture
Partitions & Fixtures, Except Wood
Office Furniture, Except Wood
Wood Office Furniture
Drapery Hardware & Blinds & Shades
Furniture & Fixtures, nee*
Upholstered Household Furniture
Wood Partitions & Fixtures
Metal Household Furniture
Household Furniture, nee*
Wood TV & Radio Cabinets
Mattresses & Bedsprings
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 25
Total for SIC Code 25


Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
3,217,820
410,287
1,132,903
346,366
650,378
405,048
267,603
4,265
2,031
2,730
195
8,652
5,602
0
0
6,453,880

Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
3,624,081
1,209,346
50,207
100,791
102,019
151,436
104,876
88,483
62,684
48,721
56,297
12,500
1,300
0
0
5,612,741


Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
181,472
99,267
118,706
107,438
24,455
30,953
16,516
100
987
18,066
1,202
0
1,000
0
1,000
601,162


Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
89,588
28,668
1,254
252,512
513
50
72
0
10,825
0
0
0
20
0
0
383,502
(in Rank Order)

Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,295
0
6,295
Total Off-site
Transfers
for Further
Waste
Management
Pounds
7,112,961
1,747,568
1,303,070
807,107
777,365
587,487
389,067
92,848
76,527
69,517
57,694
21,152
7,922
6,295
1,000
13,057,580
 Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
 transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                         227
-------
           Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
 The public building and related furniture industry
 (SIC code 2531) ranked second for transfers to
 recycling with 1.1 million pounds. One facility
 reported 315,000 pounds of cobalt and 250,000
 pounds of chromium; these were the largest
 transfers to recycling reported in SIC code 2531.

 The wood household furniture industry (SIC code
 2511) ranked second for transfers to energy
 recovery with 1.2 million pounds, including
 487,000 pounds of toluene and 250,000 pounds of
 methanol.

 Less than 8% of the sector's transfers for further
 waste management were reported as transfers to
 treatment (602,000 pounds) and POTWs (384,000
 pounds). The multiple-codes group also reported
 the largest transfers  to treatment (181,000
 pounds). The non-wood partitions and fixtures
 industry (SIC code 2542)  reported the largest
 transfers to POTWs (253,000 pounds).

 Figure 7-5 illustrates the distribution of off-site
 transfers for further waste management by type.
 Figure 7-6 illustrates the distribution of such
 transfers for the top  industries in this sector.
      To Treatment 9.6%
To POTWs 2.9%
    To
  Energy
 Recovery
  43.0%
             To
           Recycling
            49.4%
  Figure 7-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for
     Further Waste Management, 1996: Furniture
                  (SIC Code 25)
Nolc: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6
(excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
1996  TRI  Data by State for

Furniture

Table 7-6 presents 1996 summary TRI data for the
furniture sector by state.

The furniture sector submitted more than 100 forms
in each of three states:  North Carolina with 279
forms, Virginia with 143, and Indiana with 110.
These were also the states with the largest on-site
releases and total releases. The furniture sector
reported on-site releases and total releases of 8.6
million pounds (24.0% of the sector's total releases)
in North Carolina, 5.9 million pounds (16.4%) in
Virginia, and 3.0 million pounds (8.3%) in Indiana.

Georgia was the state with the largest reported off-
site releases (transfers to disposal) with 79,000
pounds (62.7% of the total). Michigan was second
with 26,000 pounds (20.5%), and South Carolina was
third with 12,000 pounds  (9.7%).

Michigan ranked first in the remaining categories.
Two multiple-code facilities that reported sizable
amounts of on-site recycling, transfers to recycling,
and transfer to energy recovery are located in
Michigan.

Other on-site waste management reported in
Michigan totaled 2.6 million pounds (63.6% of the
sector's total). Pennsylvania reported the second-
largest total for other on-site waste management, with
438,000 pounds (10.8%).  Illinois ranked third in this
category with 320,000 pounds (7.9%).

For transfers off-site for further waste management,
5.6 million pounds was reported in Michigan. This
was 42.8% of the furniture sector's reported transfers
off-site for further waste management. Mississippi
ranked second with 1.2 million pounds (9.2%).
Wisconsin ranked third with 1.1 million pounds
(8.3%).
 228
-------
                                                         Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture
               8,000,000
               7,000,000 -
               6,000,000 -
               5,000,000 -
             •8
             § 4,000,000-
             D.
               3,000,000 -
               2,000,000 -
                1,000,000-
• Other Off-site Transfers
S To POTWs
D To Treatment
ED To Energy Recovery
• To Recycling
                        Mult
                              2511
                                     2531
                                           2542
                                                  2522
                                                        2521
                                                              2591
                                                                     2599
                                                                           2512
                                                                                 2541
            Figure 7-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes
                         with Largest Totals, 1996:  Furniture (SIC Code 25)
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC Code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 Michigan ranked first for production-related
 waste reporting 15.2 million pounds (26.3% of
 the sector's total), followed by North Carolina
 with 8.7 million pounds (15.0%) and Virginia
 with 6.3 million pounds (10.9%).

 Map 7-1  illustrates the geographic distribution of
 total on-  and off-site releases in the furniture
 sector.

 1996 TRI  Data by

 Chemical for Furniture

 Table 7-7 presents the 15 chemicals with the
 largest on- and off-site releases reported by the
 furniture sector. Releases of these chemicals
 totaled 35.7 million pounds in 1996, 99.5% of the
 sector's total releases. The sector reported 35.6
 million pounds of air emissions of these 15
 chemicals, 99.6% of total air emissions, and 107,000
 pounds of off-site releases (transfers to disposal),
 84.8% of total off-site releases.

 Toluene was reported in the largest amount, 10.5
 million pounds, followed by xylenes with 7.5 million
 pounds and methanol with 7.0 million pounds. These
 three chemicals made up 69.6% of the sector's total
 on- and off-site releases in 1996. As mentioned early
 in this chapter, solvents such as these are used in
 many furniture coating applications. The wood
 household furniture industry (SIC code 2511)
 reported the largest air emissions of all three
 chemicals:  7.3 million pounds of toluene, 5.5 million
 pounds of methanol, and 3.9 million pounds of
 xylenes.
                                                                                                229
-------
               Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
 Table 7-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25
Slaie
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
Ctttforni*
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Borida
Oc«gi»
Wabo
Illinois
Indian*
Iowa
Ktrats
KGfWiKky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
MMMChuseni
Michigan
Minowoia
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
New Himpshire
NcwJcncy
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
RheJc Island
South Carolina
Tenneiiee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Viffink
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Total f« SIC Code 25
Total
Facilities
Number
17
3
17
20
5
I
1
7
13
1
8
39
6
1
10
1
1
1
5
22
6
16
11
2
1
2
11
90
4
2
4
19
1
I
4
23
10
5
2
38
3
1
18
453
Total
Forms
Number
40
6
58
38
19
I
2
16
32
9
17
110
13
3
22
2
2
1
7
65
11
52
20
10
2
3
22
279
6
6
7
40
2
1
20
67
26
10
5
143
4
2
49
1,250
Form As
Number
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
1,607,627
105,788
1,334,996
607,683
171,223
1,600
33,000
658,383
1,106,580
47,200
122,562
2,963,110
507,291
62,741
360,242
12,739
22,662
7,650
96,038
2,512,533
122,264
1,790,943
440,374
415,581
4,055
39,030
348,525
8,609,476
206,570
102,917
96,022
808,622
500
9,600
651,422
2,114,100
569,684
85,151
126,788
5,868,592
41,092
32,343
925,707
35,750,805
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
0
0
2,400
250
0
0
0
1,500
78,948
0
1,846
0
0
0
441
0
0
0
0
25,757
0
0
5
0
0
0
250
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,251
0
0
0
0
0
1,948
0
12
125,858
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off-site for
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
1,607,627
105,788
1,337,396
607,933
171,223
1,600
33,000
659,883
1,185,528
47,200
124,408
2,963,110
507,291
62,741
360,683
12,739
22,662
7,650
96,038
2,538,290
122,264
1,790,943
440,379
415,581
4,055
39,030
348,775
8,609,726
206,570
102,817
96,022
808,622
500
9,600
663,673
2,114,100
569,684
85,151
126,788
5,868,592
43,040
32,242
925,719
35,876,663
22,000
0
50,390
0
0
0
0
0
27,582
0
319,972
17,235
0
0
0
0
0
0
	 o 	
2,582,218
90,495
17,070
969
5,600
0
0
1,181
56,806
300
0
0
438,205
7,325
0
24,976
32,774
4,346
194,753
8,434
81,580
0
0
76,203
4,060,414
543,017
11,378
407,374
267,791
1,512
9,400
20,005
57,973
29,604
93,100
631,459
205,791
43,619
0
205,499
47,777
0
2,943
2,506
5,593,358
52,837
1,205,618
17,110
43,067
1,000
1,540
41,401
690,842
158,579
40,863
255
169,234
0
750
53,306
696,295
215,742
23,021
5,328
370,707
5,005
5,634
1,085,340
13,057,580
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
2,202,665
117,166
1,792,367
827,227
173,337
11,000
53,000
715,190
3,257,964
139,550
833,528
3,243,743
444,000
62,741
556,712
47,778
24,662
10,593
98,694
15,236,444
271,046
2,688,291
457,387
181,303
28,111
40,340
324,549
8,696,256
355,420
154,137
96,487
1,356,041
12,062
10,140
741,088
2,863,615
779,756
302,920
140,550
6,293,178
45,707
37,876
2,099,319
57,823,940
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
0
0
0
0
0
0
72
20
0
0
0
0
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
148
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R.  On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
 230
-------
                                                                 Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture
CM


o>
O
DC

0)
•a
c
(0


O


1
a.
-------
          Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
Table 7-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25
(in Rank Order)
CAS
Number
108-88-3
1330-20-7
67-S6-I
78-93-3
71-36-3
108-10-1
_
75-09-2
10041-4
95-63-6
1 10-54-3
71-55-6
67-63-0

100-42-5
50-00-0


Chemical
Toluene
Xylcnc (nixed isomcrs)
Mcthtnol
Methyl ethyl ketone
n- Butyl alcohol
Methyl isobulyl kelone
Glycol ethers
Dfchloro methane
Elhylberuenc
1,2,4-Trimcthylbcnzene.
n*Hcx>nc
1,1.1 -Trichlofoelhane
Isopropyl alcohol
(minufuciuring)
Styrene
Formaldehyde
Subtotal
Toul for SIC Code 25
On-site Land Releases
Surface Underground Injection RCRA Other
Total Air Water Class I Class II-V Subtitle C On-site Land
Emissions Discharges Wells Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
10,498,072
7,441,280
6,978,735
3,335,687
1,984,495
1,129,309
1,037,251
890,645
823,752
735,992
222,957
197,967
147,866

76,860
73,852
35,574,720
35,724,121
5
8
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
28
43
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
404
605
430
0
0
154
0
0
250
0
0
0
0

0
0
1,843
26,641
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
10,498,481
7,441,893
6,979,170
3,335,692
1,984,500
1,129,463
1,037,251
890,645
824,002
735,992
222,957
197,967
147,866

76,860
73,852
35,576,591
35,750,805
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off -site to
Disposal
Pounds
21,344
16,252
13,934
14,558
1,844-
13,158
250
12,251
13,158
0
0
0
0

0
0
106,749
125,858
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
10,519,825
7,458,145
6,993,104
3,350,250
1,986,344
1,142,621
1,037,501
902,896
837,160
735,992
222,957
197,967
147,866

76,860
73,852
35,683,340
35,876,663
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.
 OSHA Carcinogens

 The furniture sector's releases of chemicals
 designated as OSHA carcinogens totaled 1.1
 million pounds in 1996, as shown in Table 7-8.
 (OSHA carcinogens and the bases for their
 designation appear in Box 1-9 in Chapter 1.) This
 amounted to 3.2% of the sector's total releases. Air
 emissions of 1.1 million pounds represented 98.0%
 of total releases of the OSHA carcinogens.

 Dichloromethane was the OSHA carcinogen with
 the largest releases reported in this sector, with
 903,000 pounds. More than 50,000 pounds each
 was also reported for styrene (77,000 pounds),
 formaldehyde (74,000 pounds), and
 trichloroethylene (69,000 pounds). Three of these
 chemicals (dichloromethane, styrene, and
 formaldehyde) were among the top 15 chemicals
 for total releases reported by the furniture sector in
 1996 (see Table 7-7).

 The mattresses and bedsprings industry (SIC code
 2515) reported the largest releases of OSHA
 carcinogens in the furniture sector, with 338,000
pounds. One facility in SIC code 2515 reported
337,000 pounds of dichloromethane, although this
solvent and thinner was also reported in smaller
amounts in numerous furniture industries. Ranking
second for releases of these chemicals, the non-
wood partitions and fixtures industry (SIC code
2542) reported 155,000 pounds. Multiple-codes
forms reported 152,000 pounds of releases and
ranked third.

Figure 7-7 shows the on- and off-site releases of the
four-digit SIC codes with the largest OSHA
carcinogen releases.


1996 TRI Chemicals in

Waste for  Furniture

In 1996, the furniture sector reported production-
related waste totaling 57.8 million pounds. The
majority of this reporting consisted of quantities
released on- and off-site, 42.2 million pounds, or
73.0% of the sector's production-related waste. The
next largest categories were off-site energy
 232
-------
                                                                        Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture
Table 7-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25
(in Rank Order)
On-site Land Releases

SIC
Code

2515
2542

2522
2531
2511
2512
2521
2541
2519
2599





Industry

Mattresses & Bedsprings
Partitions & Fixtures, Except Wood
Multiple within SIC Code 25
Office Furniture, Except Wood
Public Building & Related Furniture
Wood Household Furniture
Upholstered Household Furniture
Wood Office Furniture
Wood Partitions & Fixtures
Household Furniture, nee*
Furniture & Fixtures, nee*
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 25
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 25

Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
337,599
154,930
143,262
137,799
81,912
62,210
63,900
45,434
44,810
29,762
9,089
6,050
1,116,757
35,724,121
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
43
Underground Injection
Class I
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Class II-V
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RCRA
Subtitle C
Landfills
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Other
On-site Land
Releases
Pounds
0
0
8,288
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,293
26,641
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
337,599
154,940
151,550
137,799
81,917
62,210
63,900
45,434
44,810
29,762
9,089
6,050
1,125,060
35,750,805
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
0
8
7
0
1,900
12,251
0
0
0
0
0
0
14,166
125,858

Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
337,599
154,557
151,557
137,799
83,817
74,461
63,900
45,434
44,810
29,762
9,089
6,050
1,139,226
35,876,663
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SIC code within SIC code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                   400,000
                  350,000 -
                  300,000 -
                  250,000 -
                | 200,000-
                n.
                   150,000-
                  100,000 -
                   50,000 -
D Transfers Off-site to Disposal
H Other On-site Land Releases
EI RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
DUIJ, Class II-V Wells
BUIJ, Class I Wells
• Surface Water
HAir
                                2515
                                                2542
                                                                 Mult.
                                                                                 2522
                                                                                                 2531
          Figure 7-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
                                  Largest Totals, 1996:  Furniture (SIC Code 25)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. UU = underground injection.
Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
                                                                                                                       233
-------
           Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture

Table 7-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
2511

2521
25.22
2531
2542
2591
2512
2599
2519
2541
2514
2SI7

2515

Industry
Wood Household Furniture
Multiple within SIC Code 25
Wood Office Furniture
Office Furniture, Except Wood
Public Building & Related Furniture
Partitions & Fixtures, Except Wood
Drapery Hardware & Blinds & Shades
Upholstered Household Furniture
Furniture & Fixtures, ncc*
Household Furniture, ncc*
Wood Partitions & Fixtures
Mela! Household Furniture
Wood TV & Radio Cabinets
Invalid SK Code within SIC Code 25
Mattresses & Bedsprings
Toml for SIC Code 25
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
161,450
2,240,579
689
273,527
0
121,200
32,168
2,005
0
3,895
6,404
0
0
0
0
2,841,917
Energy
Recovery
On-slte
Pounds
12,080
0
13,595
0
0
0
0
0
11,792
0
0
0
0
0
0
37,467
Treated
On-site
Pounds
3,147
426,721
0
13,156
31,012
333,634
348,960
0
0
3,430
0
20,970
0
0
0
1,181,030
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
445,301
1,900,005
404,805
597,595
1,130,233
342,514
267,603
2,830
4,265
11,193
3,332
195
5,618
0
0
5,115,489
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
1,216,048
3,622,093
155,583
102,019
53,376
153,364
104,954
49,848
81,086
12,500
50,717
43,559
2,100
0
0
5,647,247
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
233,647
265,949
56,669
24,208
118,481
57,467
16,563
11,916
150
4,055
13,572
1,202
1,108
610
0
805,597
Quantity
Released
On- and
Off-site
Pounds
23,351,616
10,822,289
2,131,341
1,241,761
703,249
824,536
333,622
721,483
628,316
519,622
445,254
269,489
192,575
10,000
0
42,195,193
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
25,423,289
19,177,636
2,762,682
2,252,266
2,036,351
1,832,715
1,103,870
788,082
725,609
554,735
519,279
335,415
201,401
10,610
0
57,823,940
20
15
0
0
40
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
72
148
Note: Dala from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility
incorrectly reported 0 pounds of total production-related waste under SIC code 2515. The correct amount is 370,695 pounds. The total production-related waste
rank of SIC code 2515 changes from 15 to 12.
*«ec: not elsewhere classified.
                            On-site Waste
                             Management
                                 7.0%.
 Quantity
 Released
  73.0%
                                       Off-site Waste
                                       Management
                                          20.0%
        .,—l||ii^     •
o
    Figure 7-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related
         Waste, 1996: Furniture (SIC Code 25)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.

 recovery, 5.6 million pounds (9.8%) and off-site
 recycling, 5.1 million pounds (8.8%). Other waste
 management types accounted for less than 5%
 each of total production-related waste. These data
 appear in Table 7-9, and Figure 7-8 illustrates the
 percentage distribution.

 Two industrial groups accounted for the largest
 reported quantities released by this sector: wood
 household furniture (SIC code 2511), with 23.4
million pounds, and multiple-codes forms with 10.8
million pounds. These two amounts together
accounted for 81.0% of the sector's reported release
quantities and 59.1% of the sector's total production-
related waste. Zero amounts reported by the
mattresses and bedsprings industry (SIC code 2515),
shown in Table 7-9, represent a reporting error. As
seen in Tables 7-1 and 7-8, this industry reported
338,000 pounds of releases in Section 5 of Form R
for 1996, which should also have been reported as
quantities released on- and off-site in Section 8 of
FormR.

The multiple-codes group reported the largest
amounts in all other types of waste management
except on-site energy recovery. (The furniture sector
as a whole reported only small amounts of toxic
chemicals burned for energy recovery on-site.).
Multiple-codes  forms reported 2.2 million pounds of
on-site recycling, 427,000 pounds of on-site
treatment, 1.9 million pounds of off-site recycling,
3.6 million pounds of off-site energy recovery, and
266,000 pounds of off-site treatment. These amounts
ranged from 33.0% (off-site treatment) to 78.8% (on-
site recycling) of the sector's total in each of the
various categories.
 234
-------
 The non-wood office furniture industry (SIC code
 2522) ranked second for on-site recycling, with
 274,000 pounds (9.6% of the sector's total for on-
 site recycling). Drapery hardware and blinds and
 shades /SIC code 2591) reported the second-
 largest amount for on-site treatment, 349,000
 pounds (29.5%). The public building and related
 furniture industry (SIC code 2531) ranked second
 for off-site recycling, with 1.1 million pounds
 (22.1%). The wood household furniture industry
 (SIC code 2511) was second for off-site energy
 recovery, with 1.2 million pounds (21.5%), and
 for off-site treatment, with 234,000 pounds
 (29.0%).

 Distribution of production-related waste for the
 top industries in the sector appears in Figure 7-9.
                                                         Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture
Projected Quantities of TRI
Chemicals in Waste

Table 7-10 and Figure 7-10 summarize the furniture
sector's projections for on- and off-site waste
management through 1998. (As explained in Chapter
1, facilities not only report current data but project
waste management quantities for the next two years
in their TRI  submissions.) Total production-related
waste was expected to decline 4.2% from 1996 to
1998, from 57.8 million pounds to 55.4 million
pounds. The largest component of this sector's
reported production-related waste—quantities
released on- and off-site—was projected to decrease
4.6%, from 42.2 million pounds to 40.3 million
pounds. These projected reductions would amount to
a 2.4 million-pound decrease in total production-
100% -i
90% -
80% -
70% -
60% -
50% -
40% -
30% -
20% -
10% •
0% -


sss
:•:';•:•:•
2511

i
SS¥
11
II
WfK

&$«&&
Mult
Fi<
1 	 , 	 1
jure
|
¥:¥*•
2521
57-
•9. I
L
I
.::::::::::
•:•:-:•:•:•
^^
1
2522
Dis
.ar
_
trib
ges
1

I
si!
*:•:•:•:
m
•

I
:W:¥:
§&8
:•>».'•:
ii

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Ji
i[
[i
i[
t!
'!'
!•
I '!
ij
!;

\


\
11
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;.;.;.;.;,



S3 Quantity Released
• Treated Off-site
H Energy Recovery Off-site
D Recycled Off-site
E3 Treated On-site
B Energy Recovery On-site
H Recycled On-site


2531 2542 2591 2512 2599 2519
ution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with
t Totals, 1996: Furniture (SIC Code 25)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
                                                                                               235
-------
           Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture


Table 7-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998: Furniture, SIC Code 25

Waste Management Activity
Qn-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 25

Waste Management Activity

On-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 25
Current Year 1996
Total Percent
Pounds of Total

2,841,917 4.9
37,467 0.1
1,181,030 2.0

5,115,489 8.8
5,647,247 9.8
805,597 1.4
42,195,193 73.0
57,823,940 100.0

Projected Change
1996-1997
Percent

-6.3
284.4
0.2

-11.6
-8.3
8.8
-3.5
-4.4

Projected 1997
Total Percent
Pounds of Total

2,662,976 4.8
144,010 0.3
1,183,940 2.1

4,523,551 8.2
5,176,598 9.4
876,297 1.6
40,718,754 73.7
55,286,126 100.0

Projected Change
1997-1998
Percent

0.4
-0.6
2.0

7.2
4.6
-0.1
-1.1
0.2

Projected 1998
Total Percent
Pounds of Total

2,672,601 4.8
143,101 0.3
1,207,393 2.2

4,848,379 8.7
5,417,144 9.8
875,121 1.6
40,251,945 72.6
55,415,684 100.0

Projected Change
1996-1998
Percent

-6.0
281.9
2.2

-5.2
-4.1
8.6
-4.6
-4.2

Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
 related waste, including a 1.9 million-pound
 decrease in quantities released.

 The sector also projected reductions of 6.0% in on-
 site recycling, 5.2% in off-site recycling, and 4.1%
 in off-site energy recovery. The absolute decrease
 in each of these cases would be less than 300,000
 pounds.
Relatively small absolute increases were projected
in on-site energy recovery (106,000 pounds), on-
site treatment (26,000 pounds), and off-site
treatment (70,000 pounds).

These projections indicate no change in the way the
furniture sector planned to manage its TRI
chemicals in waste. Despite the large absolute
decrease projected for releases, that category would
continue to account for approximately 73% of the
 236
-------
                                                       Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture
                                                  Quantity Released
                                                   On-and Off-site
                   Total Production-
                     related Waste
     On-site Waste          Off-site Waste
      Management          Management
Figure 7-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in
                Waste, 1996-1998:  Furniture (SIC Code 25)
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
 sector's production-related waste. As explained in
 Chapter 1, releases are the least desirable option
 for managing TRI chemicals in waste, according
 to the waste management hierarchy.

 Source Reduction Activity

 A relatively high percentage of the TRI forms
 submitted by the furniture sector—37.8%—
 indicated that one or more source reduction
 activities were undertaken during 1996. For TRI
 as a whole, 19.6% of all forms reported source
 reduction activity. As shown in Table 7-11, the
 furniture sector submitted 472 forms that reported
 source reduction activity. The wood household
 furniture industry (SIC code 2511) submitted the
 largest number, 279 forms or 44.3% of all TRI
 reports filed by that industry. Among the
 multiple-codes forms, 79 (or 47.0%) indicated
 source reduction activity. The level of source
 reduction activity represented by these high
percentages, in the industry groups that reported the
largest amounts of releases and waste management in
this sector, suggests that efforts are underway to
reduce those amounts.

Surface preparation and finishing was the category of
source reduction activity most often reported (on 235
forms), reflecting the importance of these activities in
furniture manufacture. Raw material modifications
was second (177 forms), and good operating
practices was third (112 forms).

Year-to-Year  Comparisons

for Furniture

1995-1996 TRI Data for Furniture

From 1995 to 1996, the number of forms submitted to
TRI by the furniture sector decreased 16.0%, from
1,488 forms to 1,250, as shown in Table 7-12.
                                                                                           237
-------
           Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
Table 7-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activities
SIC
Code
Industry
Total
Forms
Number
2511
2512
2514
2515
2517
2519
2521
2522
2531
2541
2542
2591
2599



Wood Household Furniture
Upholstered Household Furniture
Metal Household Furniture
Mittresscs & Bedsprings
Wood TV &. Radio Cabinets
Household Furniture, nee*
Wood Offfce Furniture
Office Furniture, Except Wood
Public Buitdlng & Related Furniture
Wood Partitions & Fixtures
Partitions & Fixtures, Except Wood
Drapery Hardware & Blinds & Shades
Furniture & Fixtures, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 25
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 25
TocalforSICCodc25
630
38
17
3
8
21
95
65
53
31
48
24
47
168
2
1,250
Good
Cateeorv of Source Reduction Activity
Raw Surface
Spill Material Process Cleaning Preparation Product
Percenter Operating Inventory and Leak Moditi- Modifi- and and Modifi-
All Forms Practices Control Prevention cations cations Degrcasing Finishing cations
Number
279
3
1
0
2
2
33
18
3
15
15
6
16
79
0
472
Percent
44.3
7.9
5.9
0.0
25.0
9.5
34.7
27.7
5.7
48.4
31.3
25.0
34.0
47.0
0.0
37.8
Number Number Number Number Number Number
58
0
1
0
0
1
8
6
1
7
5
2
4
19
0
112
36
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
44
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
2
2
0
32
105
2
0
0
2
2
13
5
0
4
4
2
3
35
0
177
21
1
1
0
0
0
1
5
1
0
2
1
2
9
0
44
5
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
15
Number Number
139
0
0
0
0
0
20
8
0
8
8
1
9
42
0
235
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
2
2
0
0
6
0
20
Note: Forms with more than one 4-digtt SIC code within SIC code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 Although very few Form As were submitted in this
 sector in either year, these also decreased by a
 substantial margin (35.0%), from 40 to 26. (The
 Form A certification statement is explained in
 Chapter 1.)

 On- and Off-site Releases

 Releases on- and off-site reported by the furniture
 sector decreased 14.1%, from 41.8 million
 pounds in 1995 to 35.9 million pounds in 1996.
 The largest component of the reduction was air
 emissions, which decreased from 41.7 million
 pounds to 35.7 million pounds (14.3%). Both
 fugitive and point-source emissions decreased.
 Other types of releases constituted less than 1%
 of the furniture sector's total on- and off-site
 releases, and were not significant elements of the
 1995-1996 change.

 Table 7-12 presents the furniture sector's on- and
 off-site releases for 1995 and 1996. Figure 7-11
 illustrates the percentage change in releases by
 type.
Other On-site Waste Management

All types of other on-site waste management reported
by the furniture sector decreased from 1995 to 1996,
as shown in Table 7-12- The sector reported a 16.2%
reduction, from 4.8 million pounds to 4.1 million
pounds in total other on-site waste management.
Contributing to this overall decrease was a reduction
in on-site recycling from 3.4 million pounds to 2.8
million pounds and a reduction in on-site treatment
from 1.4 million pounds to 1.2 million pounds.
Energy recovery, the on-site waste management
option with the smallest amounts reported by this
sector, decreased from 94,000 pounds to 37,000
pounds.

Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

Table 7-12 also shows the furniture sector's 1995 and
1996 reporting of transfers off-site for further waste
management. The total of such transfers decreased
8.3% from 14.2 million pounds to 13.1 million
 238
-------
                                                                         Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
Table 7-12.  Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for
Further Waste Management, 1995-1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1995
Number
524
1,488
1,448
40
Pounds

41,662,290
5,867,608
35,794,682
872
0
9,608
41,672,770

107,119
41,779,889

3,394,403
94,077
1,356,904
4,845,384

6,340,055
6,982,200
798,575
122,438
250
14,243,518

1996
Number
453
1,250
1,224
26
Pounds

35,724,121
4,813,779
30,910,342
43
0
26,641
35,750,805

125,858
35,876,663

2,841,917
37,467
1,181,030
4,060,414

6,453,880
5,612,741
601,162
383,502
6,295
13,057,580
Change
1995 to 1996
Percent
-13.5
-16.0
-15.5
-35.0
Percent

-14.3
-18.0
-13.6
-95.1
-
177.3
-14.2

17.5
-14.1

-16.3
-60.2
-13.0
-16.2

1.8
-19.6
-24.7
213.2
2,418.0
-8.3
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste
 Management from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of
 Form R. Breakdown o"f Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
 waste management code.
                                                                                                                          239
-------
            Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
      200
       ISO
      100
       so
      -so
      -100-
      -150
                    Air
                                   Surface
                                    Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
 Disposal
            Figure 7-11. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:
                                       Furniture (SIC Code 25)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995.
 pounds. This reduction was principally
 attributable to a reduction in transfers to energy
 recovery from 7.0 million pounds in 1995 to 5.6
 million pounds in 1996, a 19.6% decrease.
 Transfers to treatment also decreased, from
 799,000 pounds to 601,000 pounds, while
 transfers to recycling increased from 6.3 million
 pounds to 6.5 million pounds and transfers to
 POTWs increased from 122,000 pounds to
 384,000 pounds.

 Changes in SIC Codes

 As indicated in facility descriptions below, some
 facilities report different SIC codes over time.
 This may reflect new or discontinued lines of
 production, or it may represent a different
 understanding of how SIC code designations
 relate to a facility's business activities. These
 changes can contribute—sometimes largely—to
 apparent increases or decreases across comparison
 years in the amounts reported by the four-digit, or
 even two-digit, SIC codes.

 1988-1996 TRI Data for Furniture

 As explained in Chapter 1, comparisons from the
 1988 TRI baseline year to the current year rely on the
 list of "core" TRI chemicals that were reportable,
 with the same reporting definition, in all years. These
 multi-year comparisons also review only the data
 elements that were collected in all years, which
 excludes from this section any analysis that
 distinguishes RCRA subtitle C landfills from other
 land releases as well as analysis based on the types of
 underground injection wells. On-site waste
 240
-------
management data and transfers off-site to
recycling and to energy recovery have been
collected only since 1991; these data are
included, but cannot be compared across the full
1988-1996 period.

The number of forms submitted by the furniture
sector decreased by 25.8% from 1988 to 1996
(from 1,630 forms to 1,209 forms), as shown in
Table 7-13.

For the 1988-1996 "core" chemicals, the furniture
sector reported 62.4 million pounds of total on-
and off-site releases in 1988 and 35.7 million
pounds in 1996. This was a reduction of 42.8% or
26.7 million pounds. The reduction in air
emissions over this period was 25.8 million
pounds (from 61.3 million pounds in 1988 to 35.5
million pounds in 1996), including reductions in
both fugitive and point-source releases to  air. The
sector also recorded an 848,000 pound reduction
in off-site releases (transfers to disposal),  from
974,000 pounds to 126,000 pounds.

Figure 7-12 displays the percentage change in on-
and off-site releases by type of release for the
furniture sector.

On-site waste management and transfers off-site
for recycling or energy recovery were not
collected in 1988. For the  1994-1996 period,
other on-site waste management reported by the
furniture sector increased from 2.8 million
pounds in 1994 to 3.7 million pounds in 1996, as
shown in Table 7-13. This reflected a larger
increase in on-site recycling (from 1.7 million
pounds to 2.8 million pounds), partly offset by
smaller decreases in energy recovery (from
 173,000 pounds to 37,000 pounds) and treatment
 (from 997,000 pounds to 840,000 pounds).

For the types of transfers reported to TRI for the
full 1988-1996 comparison period, the furniture
                                                        Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
sector reported an 83.8% reduction in transfers to
treatment (from 3.7 million pounds to 599,000
pounds) and a 57.9% reduction in transfers to
POTWs (from 250,000 pounds to 105,000 pounds).
These data also appear in Table 7-13.


 1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in
 Furniture

Tables 7-14 through 7-16 summarize data for 1988
 and 1994-1996 for industries at the four-digit SIC
 code level within SIC code 25. The tables present,
 respectively, on- and off-site releases, other on-site
 waste management, and transfers off-site for further
 waste management.

 On- and Off-site Releases

 Table 7-14 provides release data for all four-digit SIC
 codes in the furniture sector, for 1988-1996. The
 wood household furniture industry (SIC code 2511)
 reported the largest decrease in total on- and off-site
 releases, from 38.1 million pounds in 1988 to 22.1
 million pounds in 1996. The non-wood office
 furniture industry (SIC code 2522) ranked second for
 decreases in releases, reporting 3.2 million pounds in
 1988 and 1.2 million pounds in 1996. The third-
 largest decrease was reported by the public building
 and related furniture industry (SIC code 2531), from
 2.5 million pounds to 690,000 pounds. All three
 reductions occurred largely in reporting of air
 emissions.

 The mattresses and bedsprings industry (SIC code
 2515) reported the largest increase in releases for the
 1988-to-1996 period, from 30,000 pounds to 337,000
 pounds, entirely in air emissions. The only other
 industry reporting an increase was the miscellaneous
 household furniture (SIC code 2519), from 431,000
 pounds to 507,000 pounds. Releases reported in both
 industries were considerably higher in 1994, but
 decreased in 1995 and 1996. The overall increase was
 primarily attributable to air emissions.
                                                                                               241
-------
               Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
 Table 7-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for
 Further Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Furniture, SIC Code 25



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1988
Number
500
1,630
1,630
NA
Pounds

61,313,783
8,556,134
52,757,649
3,051
0
72,249
61,389,083

974,037
62,363,120

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
3,706,391
250,472
1,143,394
NA

1994
Number
562
1,604
1,604
NA
Pounds

51,786,463
6,469,770
45,316,693
266
0
63,717
51,850,446

284,499
52,134,945

1,650,599
172,607
996,921
2,820,127

4,201,644
6,388,993
1,741,230
134,380
5,772
12,472,019

1995
Number
522
1,446
1,413
33
Pounds

41,412,706
5,786,731
35,625,975
872
0
9,603
41,423,181

107,119
41,530,300

3,354,403
94,077
985,333
4,433,813

6,340,055
6,943,916
789,922
122,428
250
14,196,571

Change
1996 1988 to 1996
Number
446
1,209
1,191
18
Pounds

35,499,005
4,717,964
30,781,041
43
0
26,636
35,525,684

125,857
35,651,541

2,806,917
37,467
840,182
3,684,566

6,453,880
5,544,138
598,945
105,448
6,295
12,708,706
Percent
-10.8
-25.8
-26.9
NA
Percent

-42.1
-44.9
-41.7
-98.6
—
-63.1
-42.1

-87.1
-42.8

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
-83.8
-57.9
-99.4
NA
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-slte Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste Management
from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Breakdown
of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996. For 1994-1996, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code. For 1988, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code or codes not required to be reported in
1988. NA: not required to be reported in that year.
 242
-------
                                                            Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
    -20-
    -40 •
     -60-
     -80
    -100
    -120
                    Air
Surface
 Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
 Disposal
                  Figure 7-12.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases,
                                  1988-1996: Furniture (SIC Code 25)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground Injection
and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996.
  Other On-site Waste Management

  The drapery hardware and blinds and shades
  industry (SIC code 2591) reported the largest
  decrease in other on-site waste management in
  the furniture sector for 1994 to 1996 (on-site
  waste management data were not collected in
  1988). This was a reduction from 586,000 pounds
  to 381,000 pounds, although this industry's total
  other on-site waste management was higher
  (652,000 pounds) in 1995. The industry reported
  reductions in all waste management methods
  except for a small increase in on-site recycling.

  The miscellaneous furniture and fixtures industry
  (SIC code 2599) ranked second for decreases,
  reporting 77,000 pounds in 1994 and 12,000
  pounds in 1996. The public building and related
                  furniture industry (SIC code 2531) reported the third-
                  largest decrease, from 81,000 pounds to 31,000
                  pounds. In both industries, the reductions reflected
                  decreased reporting in on-site recycling and
                  treatment.

                  The largest increase from 1994 to 1996 was reported
                  by the multiple-codes group, from 1.4 million pounds
                  to 2.6 million pounds. This increase was reported
                  principally in on-site recycling. The non-wood
                  partitions and fixtures industry (SIC code 2542)
                  ranked second, increasing from 116,000 pounds to
                  194,000 pounds. The increase was attributable to
                  treatment and recycling. Non-wood office furniture
                  (SIC code 2522) ranked third, reporting 263,000
                  pounds in 1996 and 287,000 pounds in 1996. This
                  increase reflected an increase in on-site recycling,
                  partly offset by a decrease in on-site treatment.
                                                                                                    243
-------
               Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
 Table 7-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Furniture, SIC Code 25
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
2511



2512



2514



2515



2517



2519



2521



2522



2531



2541



2542



Industry
Wood Household Furniture



Upholstered Household Furniture



Mcltl Household Furniture



Mattresses & Bedsprings



Wood TV & Radio Cabinets



Household Furniture, nee*



Wood Office Furniture



Office Furniture, Except Wood



Public Building & Related Furniture



Wood Partitions & Fixtures



Partitions & Fixtures, Except Wood



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
22,057,768
26,173,314
32,176,694
37,550,473
783,320
776,874
867,981
2,540,446
269,490
283,949
709,128
795,886
337,486
400,917
435,233
29,600
193,575
414,400
674,260
1,371,204
507,354
644,588
880,890
421,953
2,118,974
2,036,813
2,738,599
2,526,256
1,213,831
1,530,217
1,657,778
3,063,823
683,716
667,777
806,372
2,466,218
411,227
698,839
828,548
759,942
865,200
767,300
1,042,946
1,875,302
25
780
30
1,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
10
90
210
190
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
, 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
1,093
1,632
61,631
43,574
0
500
0
; o
0
0
68
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,250
27,425
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
22
15
0
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
22,058,886
26,175,726
32,238,355
37,595,047
783,320
777,374
867,981
2,540,446
269,490
283,949
709,196
795,886
337,486
400,917
435,233
29,600
193,575
414,400
674,260
1,371,204
507,354
644,588
880,890
421,953
2,118,974
2,036,813
2,739,849
2,553,681
1,213,836
1,530,217
1,657,778
3,063,823
683,721
667,777
806,372
2,466,468
411,227
698,839
828,548
759,942
865,460
767,412
1,043,171
1,875,492
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
91,199
84,074
173,505
512,180
0
0
250
3,750
0
0
14,436
4,150
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
20,737
0
0
0
8,739
1,928
2,748
0
69,376
0
0
1,111
180,736
5,985
2,523
1,955
8,665
2,116
173
7,944
5,100
529
608
26,551
311
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
22,150,085
26,259,800
32,411,860
38,107,227
783,320
777,374
868,231
2,544,196
269,490
283,949
723,632
800,036
337,486
400,917
435,483
29,600
193,575
414,400
674,260
1,391,941
507,354
644,588
880,890
430,692
2,120,902
2,039,561
2,739,849
2,623,057
1,213,836
1,530,217
1,658,889
3,244,559
689,706
670,300
808,327
2,475,133
413,343
699,012
836,492
765,042
865,989
768,020
1,069,722
1,875,803
Note: On-slle Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Forms with more than one
4-dlglt SIC code within SIC code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 244
-------
                                                           Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture
                                                                                         B
Table 7-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code Industry Year
2591 Drapery Hardware & Blinds & Shades



2599 Furniture & Fixtures, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 25



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 25



Total for SIC Code 25



96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
333,297
388,166
555,236
346,207
573,550
913,939
848,809
1,299,911
5,139,717
5,471,343
7,103,554
5,482,818
10,500
244,270
460,435
783,744
35,499,005
41,412,706
51,786,463
61,313,783
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
26
1,600
0
0
0
11
43
872
266
3,051
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25,288
7,449
753
1,250
0
0
0
0
26,636
9,603
63,717
72,249
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
333,297
388,166
555,236
346,207
573,550
913,939
848,809
1,299,911
5,165,008
5,478,794
7,104,333
5,485,668
10,500
244,270
460,435
783,755
35,525,684
41,423,181
51,850,446
61,389,083
Off-site
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
1,248
4,688
15,851
34,224
70,835
19,412
1,142
24,273
21,810
0
0
0
66,400
125,857
107,119
284,499
974,037
333,297
388,166
555,236
347,455
578,238
929,790
883,033
1,370,746
5,184,420
5,479,936
7,128,606
5,507,478
10,500
244,270
460,435
850,155
35,651,541
41,530,300
52,134,945
62,363,120
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 On-site waste management data for 1994-1996
 appear in Table 7-15.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 The wood household furniture industry (SIC code
 2511) reported the largest decrease in the
 furniture sector from 1994 to 1996 in transfers
 off-site for further waste management (data for
 some types of off-site transfers were not collected
 in 1988). This was a reduction from 2.4 million
 pounds to 1.7 million pounds, reflecting
 decreases in all types of transfers except for a
 small increase in transfers to POTWs.

 The miscellaneous furniture and fixtures industry
 (SIC code 2599) ranked second for decreases,
 with 166,000 pounds in 1994 and 93,000 pounds
in 1996. Ranking third, the wood partitions and
fixtures industry (SIC code 2541) reported a
reduction from 138,000 pounds to 70,000 pounds.
Transfers to energy recovery accounted for the
majority of the reductions for both of these industries.

As with other on-site waste management, the
multiple-codes group reported the largest increase in
transfers off-site for further waste management.
Multiple-codes forms reported  5.9 million pounds in
1994 and 7.0 million pounds in 1996. A large
increase in transfers to recycling was the significant
factor in this overall change, although transfers to
treatment showed a substantial  decrease.

The public building and related furniture industry
(SIC code 2531) reported 1.2 million pounds of
transfers off-site for further waste management in
1994 and  1.3 million pounds in 1996, although the
                                                                                                   245
-------
             Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture
Table 7-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25
SIC
Code
2511



2512



2514



2515



2517



2519



2521



2522



2531



2541



2542



Industry
Wood Household Furniture



Upholstered Household Furniture



Metal Household Furniture



Mattresses & Bedsprings



Wood TV & Radio Cabinets



Household Furniture, nee*



Wood Office Furniture



Office Furniture, Except Wood



Public Building & Related Furniture



Wood Partitions & Fixtures



Partitions & Fixtures, Except Wood



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
161,450
184,609
152,204
NA
2,005
9,002
8,645
NA
0
4,562
24,506
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
8,600
20,500
NA
3,895
0
5,062
NA
689
24,615
26,090
NA
273,527
134,210
238,336
NA
0
62,792
37,254
NA
6,404
11,087
13,395
NA
121,200
128,877
99,878
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
12,080
269
68,400
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
325
NA
13,595
8
23
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
2,737
0
320
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
3,430
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
13,156
30,204
24,665
NA
31,000
22,000
44,000
NA
0
0
110
NA
73,002
14,708
15,955
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
176,267
184,878
220,924
NA
2,005
9,002
8,645
NA
0
4,562
24,506
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
8,600
20,500
NA
7,325
0
5,387,,
NA
14,284
24,623
26,113
NA
286,683
164,414
263,001
NA
31,000
84,792
81,254
NA
6,404
11,087
13,505
NA
194,202
143,585
115,833
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*noc: not elsewhere classified
 246
-------
                                                         Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
Table 7-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25,
Continued
SIC
Code Industry Year
2591 Drapery Hardware & Blinds & Shades 96
95
94
88
2599 Furniture & Fixtures, nee* 96
95
94
88
Multiple within SIC Code 25 96
95
94
88
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 25 96
95
94
88
Total for SIC Code 25 96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
32,168
21,398
14,193
NA
0
20,947
51,197
NA
2,205,579
2,743,704
958,805
NA
0
0
534
NA
2,806,917
3,354,403
1,650,599
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
93,800
103,800
NA
11,792
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
59
NA
37,467
94,077
172,607
NA
Treated
On-slte
Pounds
348,960
536,661
467,628
NA
0
0
25,574
NA
367,897
381,760
418,669
NA
0
0
0
NA
840,182
985,333
996,921
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
381,128
651,859
585,621
NA
11,792
20,947
76,771
NA
2,573,476
3,125,464
1,377,474
NA
0
0
593
NA
3,684,566
4,433,813
2,820,127
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 1995 amount was higher (1.4 million pounds).
 This was the second-largest increase reported in
 the furniture sector. The drapery hardware and
 blinds and shades industry (SIC code 2591)
 ranked third for increases, with 354,000 pounds
 in 1994 and 389,000 pounds in 1996, although
 the total was lower (249,000 pounds) in the
 intervening year. Transfers to recycling were the
 principal factor in the increase for both industries.

 Transfers off-site for further waste management
 reported by the furniture sector for 1988-1996
 appear in Table 7-16.

 Facilities with Large Increases and
 Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996

 Broyhill Furniture Industries, Inc., in Lenoir,
 North Carolina (SIC code 2511 in 1988 and codes
 2493 and 2511 in 1996), ranked first with a
reported 787,000 pound increase between 1988 and
1996. The Broyhill Miller Hill complex is made up of
several wood household furniture manufacturing
plants. Three of the plants reported as individual
facilities from 1987 to 1990. Beginning in 1991,
reporting by the three plants was combined, and the
three were identified as a single facility. The decision
to combine the TRI reporting followed consolidation
of the plants' various air permits under Title V of the
Clean Air Act, according to the Broyhill contact. See
also "Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in
Waste Management,  1991-1996."

Peters-Revington Furniture  in Delphi, Indiana (SIC
code 2511), ranked second in increases with an
overall 765,000 pounds. Toluene was the largest
chemical contributor to the change, accounting for
44% of the increase. The chemical is part of coating
formulations for the facility's products, occasional
furniture. According to the facility contact, the
increase in releases was due to expansion
                                                                                                247
-------
              Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
 Table 7-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Furniture, SIC
 Code 25
SIC
Code
2511



2512



2514



2515



2517



2519



2521



2522



2531



2541



2542



Industry
Wood Household Furniture



Upholstered Household Furniture



Metal Household Furniture



Mattresses & Bedsprings



Wood TV & Radio Cabinets



Household Furniture, ncc*



Wood Office Furniture



Office Furniture, Except Wood



Public Building & Related Furniture



Wood Partitions & Fixtures



Partitions & Fixtures, Except Wood



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
410,287
1,426,541
780,076
NA
2,031
2,766
5,488
NA
195
1,250
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
5,602
8,747
7,280
NA
8,652
4,986
9,801
NA
405,048
25,232
66,320
NA
650,378
358,425
339,470
NA
1,132,903
1,195,060
1,058,758
NA
2,730
10,082
10,967
NA
346,366
183,689
319,888
NA
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
1,187,146
1,392,523
1,486,323
NA
62,684
33,026
46,171
NA
56,297
34,184
32,418
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,300
12,753
24,073
NA
12,500
16,464
20,754
NA
151,436
232,712
258,575
NA
102,019
231,753
364,749
NA
50,207
84,024
69,185
NA
48,721
103,530
118,048
NA
100,791
64,430
148,317
NA
99,267
96,054
126,932
617,728
987
20,574
8,250
17,716
1,102
240
59,605
42,830
0
0
55
0
1,000
2,250
2,350
32,165
0
0
3
17,350
30,953
293,254
260,770
242,930
24,455
5,228
107,091
789,913
116,589
105,808
111,277
304,215
18,066
1,000
8,652
108,885
107,438
60,542
68,457
304,434
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
28,668
9,605
9,058
80,962
10,825
8,800
8,000
4,537
0
0
0
1,250
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
2,000
0
0
0
250
50
250
1,000
2,803
513
6,965
23,525
72,937
1,254
1,394
1,307
11,820
0
0
0
0
2,570
395
283
2,000
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Off-site Further Waste
Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds
0
250
0
209,325
0
0
5,772
10,533
0
0
0
0
6,295
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,431
0
0
0
259,800
0
0
0
107,234
0
0
0
4,000
0
0
0
84,517
1,725,368
2,924,973
2,402,389
NA
76,527
65,166
73,681
NA
57,594
35,674
92,023
NA
6,295
0
55
NA
7,922
23,750
33,703
NA
21,152
21,450
30,558
NA
587,487
551,448
586,665
NA
777,365
602,371
834,835
NA
1,300,953
1,386,286
1,240,527
NA
69,517
114,612
137,667
NA
557,165
309,056
536,945
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 248
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                                                            Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture
Table 7-16.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code. 1988 and 1994-1996:  Furniture SIC
Code 25, Continued
SIC
Code Industry Year
2591 Drapery Hardware & Blinds & Shades 96
95
94
88
2599 Furniture & Fixtures, nee* 96
95
94
88
Multiple within SIC Code 25 96
95
94
88
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 25 96
95
94
88
Total for SIC Code 25 96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
267,603
89,594
105,805
NA
4,265
17,925
4,890
NA
3,217,820
3,012,196
1,452,827
NA
0
3,562
40,074
NA
6,453,880
6,340,055
4,201,644
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
104,876
151,211
236,237
NA
88,383
101,154
158,526
NA
3,577,778
, 4,453,882
3,380,549
NA
0
32,270
45,068
NA
5,544,138
6,943,916
6,388,993
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
16,516
7,576
4,150
12,390
100
2,991
2,400
33,124
181,472
193,805
979,785
761,390
1,000
600
1,453
421,321
598,945
789,922
1,741,230
3,706,391
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
72
738
7,789
0
0
250
250
510
61,476
93,781
82,918
70,403
0
250
250
1,000
105,448
122,428
134,380
250,472
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Off-site Further Waste
Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
125,710
0
0
0
322,174
0
0
0
5,670
6,295
250
5,772
1,143,394
389,067
249,119
353,981
NA
92,748
122,320
166,066
NA
7,038,546
7,753,664
5,896,079
NA
1,000
36,682
86,845
NA
12,708,706
14,196,571
12,472,019
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 25 are assigned to the "multiple" category
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 and increased sales volume. See also "Facilities
 with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste
 Management, 1991-1996."

 Superior Products Sales, Inc., in Plantersville,
 Mississippi (did not report in 1988 and SIC code
 2515 in 1996), was third with 337,000 pounds.
 Dichloromethane was responsible for 100% of the
 increase. The chemical is used as a blowing (or
 expansion) agent in the production of urethane
 foam for furniture and bedding. No data were
 reported for dichloromethane in  1988 which was
 not used as a blowing agent until 1991.

 Child Craft Industry, Inc., in Salem, Indiana (SIC
 codes 2511, 2517, 2519, and 2521 in 1988 and code
 2511 in 1996), ranked first in decreases with a
 656,000 pound reduction. This manufacturer of
 wooden children's furniture, such as cribs and
 dressers, reduced the amount of methyl ethyl
ketone emitted to air by 241,000 pounds (37% of
the total decrease). The decrease was attributable,
in part, to the installation of automatic painting
equipment which improved paint transfer efficiency
and reduced overspray.

Singer Furniture Company in Lenoir, North
Carolina (SIC code 2511), was second in decreases
with 604,000  pounds. N-butyl alcohol, a
component of finishing material used on household
wood furniture, accounted for 27% of the decrease.
The facility experienced a gradual decrease in
production for several years prior to its closure in
March 1997. See also "Facilities with Large
Increases and  Decreases in Waste Management,
1991-1996."

The third-ranked facility for decreases, Kincaid
Furniture in Hudson, North Carolina (SIC code
2511), is a manufacturer of solid wood furniture.
                                                                                                  249
-------
          Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
Reductions in the use of toluene were partly
attributable to reformulation of finishing materials
such as paints and stains. Toluene accounted for
35% of the facility's overall decrease.

Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
Releases. 1988-1996

In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
large apparent increases and decreases, which have
been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
Because these are errors or plant closures and not
actual changes in the data, these facilities are not
discussed in detail here. There is one such facility
in the furniture sector:

Johnston-Tombigbee Furniture, Columbus,
Mississippi, increase of 341,000 pounds, reporting
error.

1991-1996 Waste Management Data
for Furniture

Table 7-17 summarizes on- and off-site waste
management data for the furniture sector for 1991,
when TRI began collecting this information, and
the three most recent years (1994-1996). The
furniture sector's total production-related waste
decreased 8.1%, from 62.2 million pounds in 1994
to 57.1 million pounds in 1996 (a 5.0 million-pound
reduction). The largest decrease was reported in
quantities released on- and off-site, from 47.9
million pounds to 41.9 million pounds, a 5.9
million-pound reduction (12.4%). The sector also
reported smaller reductions in on-site recycling, on-
site energy recovery, off-site energy recovery, and
off-site treatment. The net decrease in each of these
cases was less than 400,000 pounds.

Off-site recycling increased from 3.6 million
pounds to 5.1 million pounds, or 42.8%. This was
an increase of 1.5 million pounds. On-site treatment
showed a smaller increase (376,000 pounds).

In several types of waste management, the sector
reported larger amounts in 1994 or 1995.

250
Figure 7-13 illustrates the percentage change in on-
site waste management, off-site waste management,
quantities released on- and off-site, and total
production related waste.

These changes suggest little real improvement in
the sector's management of TRI chemicals in
waste, as measured by the waste management
hierarchy (explained in Chapter 1). Over the 1991-
1996 period, quantities released decreased more
than total production-related waste decreased,
which indicates that the sector relied less on
releases and more on other waste management
options. However, releases still amounted to 73.4%
of total production-related waste reported in 1996.
This is a very high percentage for the least
desirable waste management option, as set forth in
the waste management hierarchy.

Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
in Waste Management, 1991-1996

Peters-Revington Furniture in Delphi, Indiana (SIC
code 2511), ranked first in increases in waste
management with an overall 558,000 pounds.
Toluene reported under quantity released made up
36% of the increase. The chemical is part of coating
formulations for the facility's products, occasional
furniture. A production increase was primarily
responsible for the change. See "Facilities with
Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-
1996" for more information.

Another Broyhill Furniture Industries, Inc., facility
in Lenoir, North Carolina (SIC code 2511 in 1991
and codes 2435, 2436 and 2511 in 1996) was the
second largest increaser in waste managed. The
Virginia Street plant, site of household furniture
manufacture, had a reported 508,000 pound
increase. Toluene, a constituent of paints and other
finishing materials,  accounted for 32% of the
change. The facility contact stated that the toluene
increase may be due to a higher toluene content of
finishing materials. The contact also stated that the
facility does not control the make-up of its finishing
-------
                                                                       Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture
Tabje 7-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996: Furniture, SIC Code 25
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
1991
Pounds
3,030,729
394,527
464,549
3,889,805
3,583,027
5,884,807
927,481
10,395,315
47,873,853
62,158,973
68,366
Change
1994-1995
Percent
103.2
-45.5
-1.2
57.2
30.0
1.1
-55.7
2.5
-12.0
-6.4
-96.6
1994
Pounds
1,650,599
172,607
996,931
2,820,137
4,204,474
6,985,222
1,821,776
13,011,472
53,269,294
69,100,903
40,437
Change
1995-1996
Percent
-16.3
-60.2
-14.7
-16.9
-6.4
-20.7
-3.9
-13.8
-10.6
-11.7
-89.2
1995
Pounds
3,354,403
94,077
985,333
4,433,813
5,463,991
7,059,720
807,883
13,331,594
46,891,595
64,657,002
1,366
Change
1991-1996
Percent
-7.4
-90.5
80.9
-5.3
42.8
-4.8
-16.3
10.6
-12.4
-8.1
-99.8
1996
Pounds
2,806,917
37,467
840,182
3,684,566
5,115,489
5,600,991
776,234
11,492,714
41,933,646
57,110,926
148








Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
                                                                                                                      251
-------
           Chapter 7 — TRI Data for Furniture
     100
      80
      GO
      40
     •20
     •40
     •60-
     •80
     -100
        Recycled    Energy  Treated
         On-sile   Recovery  On-srte
                  On-site

           On-sita Waste Management
Recycled    Energy   Treated
 Off-site  Recovery   Off-site
          Off-site

  Off-site Waste Management
    Quantity
Released On-
 and Off-site
    Total
Production-
   related
   Waste
        Figure 7-13.  Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
                                        Furniture (SIC Code 25)
Note: Docs not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Yeir, Column B) of year indicated.
 materials because they are purchased from
 suppliers.

 Meridian, Inc., in Spring Lake, Michigan (SIC
 codes 2522 and 2542), was the top decreaser with
 an overall 1.2 million-pound reduction. Reporting
 of toluene accounted for 91% of the overall
 change between 1991  and 1996. No information
 was provided by the facility before this
 publication's deadline.

 Singer Furniture Company in Lenoir, North
 Carolina (SIC code 2511), ranked second in
 decreases with 811,000 pounds. The Singer plant
 also ranked second in  decreases of releases (see
 "Facilities with Large  Increases and Decreases in
 Releases, 1988-1996"). Toluene, a solvent for
 finishing material used on household wood
           furniture, accounted for 29% of the decrease. The
           facility experienced a gradual decrease in production
           for several years prior to its closure in March 1997.

           Steelcase, Inc., in Athens, Alabama (SIC code 2522),
           was third in decreases with a 617,000 pound
           reduction. Toluene was used at the facility to adjust
           the viscosity of paints and as a cleaning solvent in
           painting processes. Toluene reporting dropped from
           370,000 pounds in 1991 to zero pounds in 1996 (60%
           of the overall reduction) due to several factors: A
           light aromatic solvent with a low toluene-content
           replaced a 40% toluene paint-thinner, the facility
           switched paint vendors in order to acquire materials
           with lower contents of regulated chemicals, and a
           dry-powder paint system was implemented. The latter
           involves the application of paint as a powder, which
           liquefies and adheres to surfaces in a heating cycle.
 252
-------
The metal office furniture manufacturer now uses
toluene in amounts below the TRI reporting
threshold.

Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
Production-Related Waste, 1991-1996

In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
large apparent increases and decreases, which
have been identified as reporting errors or plant
closures. Because these are errors or plant
closures and not actual changes in the data, these
facilities are not discussed in detail here. There
are four such facilities in the furniture sector:

    Bassett Furniture Industries, Dublin, Georgia,
    increase of 902,000 pounds, reporting error.
    Broyhill Furniture Industries, Inc., Lenoir,
    North Carolina (Miller Hill Complex),
    increase of 1.1 million pounds, reporting
    error.
    Steelcase, Inc., Grand Rapids, Michigan,
    increase of 5.0 million pounds, reporting
    error.
    Steelcase, Inc., Kentwood, Michigan, increase
    of 3.5 million pounds, reporting error.

Facilities Contacted for Explanations
(alphabetical by facility):

    Bassett Furniture Industries, Dublin, Georgia:
    Walt Hammond, October 19 and 21, 1998
    (explanation provided)
                                                         Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
Broyhill Furniture Industry, Inc. (Virginia Street
plant), Lenoir, North Carolina: David Stout,
October 21,1998 (explanation provided)
Broyhill Furniture Industry, Inc. (Miller Hill
Complex), Lenoir, North Carolina: David Stout,
September 25, 1998 (explanation provided)
Child Craft Industry, Inc., Salem, Indiana: Jenna
Robinson, August 18 and August 21,  1998
(explanation provided)
Johnston-Tombigbee Furniture, Columbus,
Mississippi: Bill Wells, August 18, 1998
(explanation provided)
Kincaid Furniture Company, Hudson, North
Carolina: Delbert Cline, August 18, 1998
(explanation provided)
Meridian, Inc., Spring Lake, Michigan: Rudy
Bartels, September 24 and October 23, 1998 (no
explanation provided)
Peters-Revington Furniture, Delphi, Indiana:
Linus Thornton, October 13, 1998 (explanation
provided)
Singer Furniture Company, Lenoir, North
Carolina: Dana Crump, September 24, 1998
(explanation provided)
Steelcase, Inc., Athens, Alabama: Dan Tomerlin,
August  18, 1998 (explanation provided)
Steelcase, Inc., Grand Rapids, Michigan (no
explanation provided)
Steelcase, Inc., Kentwood, Michigan (no
explanation provided)
Superior Products Sales, Inc., Plantersville,
Mississippi: Ronnie Johnson, September 24, 1998
(explanation provided)
                                                                                               253
-------
          Chapter 7— TRI Data for Furniture
254
-------
                                  Chapter 8
               Toxics Release Inventory Data
    for Printing  and Publishing (SIC Code 27)
A  Look at the Printing and

Publishing Industry

(SIC Code 27)

Printing, publishing, and allied industries (SIC code
27) publish newspapers, magazines, books, and
pamphlets. (Publishers in this sector may or may
not print their publications.) The sector also
includes commercial printing. In addition, other
products of the sector are business forms, greeting
cards, looseleaf binders and blankbooks, and a wide
variety of other materials ranging from atlases to
sheet music to telephone directories. Bookbinding
and services for the printing trade, such as
typesetting, also appear in SIC code 27. Box 8-1
lists Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes
and their designations for this sector. In TRI, SIC
codes are given as reported by the facilities; these
may differ from information in economic and other
data collections.

The printing and publishing sector's value of
shipments was $195.44 billion in 1996, up from
$188.13 in 1995 (both in current dollars). The
sector employed more than 1.5 million in both
years. Printing and publishing activities are
labor-intensive, although automation is increasing.
Employment in printing and publishing has been
relatively stable. Production levels, however,
decreased 4.8% from 1989 to 1996, compared to an
increase of 17.6% for all U.S. manufacturing (see
Chapter 1, Table 1-10). The United States is both
the world's largest market for printed products and
the world's largest exporter of printed products.
Electronic media such as CD-ROMs and the
Internet increasingly compete with printing and
publishing for certain types of products, such as
encyclopedias, catalogs, and advertising.

In 1996, commercial printing (SIC code 275)
accounted for one-third (34.7%) of the sector's
value of shipments, with $67.84 billion in 1996,
and more than one-third (40.0%) of the sector's
employment, with 604,000. Newspaper publishing
(SIC code 271) contributed $39.17 billion (20.0%)
in value of shipments and 403,000 (26.6%) in
employment. While industries in commercial
printing have reported the largest amounts of TRI
releases and waste management in this sector, no
TRI forms have been submitted in the newspaper
publishing industry in recent years.

Printing processes typically begin with
photographing prepared pages (or other layouts) to
produce film transparencies. Most printing
                                                                                  255
-------
              Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
 Box 8-1. SIC Code 27, Printing, Publishing, and Allied Industries:  Codes and Classifications
  SIC Code
                                                             Industry Description
   271   Newspapers: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing
         2711   Newspapers: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing
   272   Periodicals: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing
         2721   Periodicals: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing
   273   Books
         2731   Books: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing
         2732   Book Printing

   274   Miscellaneous Publishing
         2741   Miscellaneous Publishing
   275   Commercial Printing
         2752   Commercial Printing, Lithographic

         2754   Commercial Printing, Gravure
         2759   Commercial Printing, nee*

   276   Manifold Business Forms
         2761   Manifold Business Forms

   277   Greeting Cards
         2771   Greeting Cards
   278   Bankbooks, Looscleaf Binders, and Bookbinding
         and Related Work
         2782   Blankbooks, Looseleaf Binders and Devices
         2789   Bookbinding and Related Work

   279   Service Industries for the Printing Trade
         2791   Typesetting
         2796   Platcmaking and Related Services
Publishing, or publishing and printing, of newspapers.


Publishing, or publishing and printing, of periodicals.


Publishing, or publishing and printing, of books and pamphlets.
Printing, or printing and binding, of books and pamphlets (establishments not
engaged in publishing).


Engaging in miscellaneous publishing activities, whether or not engaged in printing
(includes atlases, business services newsletters, calendars, catalogs, maps,
multimedia educational kits, sheet music, paper patterns, racing forms, shopping
news, technical manuals and papers, telephone directories, yearbooks).


Printing by the lithographic process (includes offset printing, photo-offset printing,
and photolithographing).
Gravure printing.

Miscellaneous commercial or job printing (includes miscellaneous general printing
shops and shops specializing in printing newspapers and periodicals for others).
Designing and printing, by any process, of special forms for use in operation of a
business, in single and multiple sets.
Publishing, printing by any process, or both, of greeting cards.
Manufacture of blankbooks, looseleaf devices, and library binders. Ruling of paper.
Edition, trade, job, and library bookbinding. Bronzing, gilding, and edging of books
or paper; mounting of maps and samples; and other services related to bookbinding.
Typesetting for the trade, including advertisement typesetting.
Making plates for printing purposes, and related services.  Includes making positives
or negatives from which offset lithographic plates are made.
*n«c: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
                                                             Sources

    Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987:
        Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and industry descriptions.
    U.S, Industry & Trade Outlook '98, DRI/McGraw Hill, Standard & Poor's, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
        International Trade Administration, 1998: economic analyses, also provides some information on environment and
        industrial processes for selected industries.
    U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufactures:  Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries, M96(AS)-1,
        February 1998 :  value of shipments and employment.
        Supplemental data from U.S. Census Bureau  for some industries.
    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Guides to Pollution Prevention: The
        Commercial Printing Industry, EPA/625-7-90-008, September 1995 :
        industry processes and technologies, pollutant sources, and selected economic data.
    Print Publishing Guide, Adobe Systems Incorporated, 1993-1995, industry processes and technologies.
256
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                                             Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
processes require production of a positive image
from the transparencies, but some make use of
negatives (on paper or film). In either case, the
image is next transferred to a plate or cylinder.
Lithography, the predominant printing process,
uses printing plates to transfer ink to a rubber
blanket, which in turn transfers ink to the paper or
other  substrate. Lithographic plates are typically
thin aluminum sheets. Gravure processes print
directly from etched copper cylinders, rather than
plates and blankets. Printing processes thus share
characteristics, including chemical usage, with both
photographic and metal fabrication processes.

Printing processes involve metal compounds, light-
sensitive salts, acids, and other chemicals.
Photoprocessing chemicals used in printing may
include benzene derivatives used as developers.
Wastewaters from photoprocessing often contain
metals—not only silver, but others such as mercury
compounds, used to intensify image contrast during
photographic development. Plate coatings include
dyes,  photopolymers, binders, resins, pigments, and
acids. Platemaking and cleaning involve extensive
use of solvents, including toluene.  Inks also
typically contain solvents such as xylenes,
generating air emissions during printing and drying
operations. Gravure printing, in particular, uses
inks that dry by solvent evaporation. The
predominant solvent in TRI reporting by the
publishing and printing sector is toluene, which was
the chemical reported by this sector in the largest
amounts in almost all TRI categories.

Technological developments and environmental
concerns have both influenced changes in the
sector's environmental performance. Digital
(electronic) processes for text and graphics can
eliminate the need for photographic film. Water-
based printing processes are becoming more
common, and vegetable-based inks have been
formulated to replace inks with high solvent or
metal content. Solvents and waste ink are recycled;
in some cases, solvents used in platecleaning can be
re-used as ink thinners.
1996 TRI  Data for  Printing

and Publishing

Table 8-1 summarizes TRI reporting by the printing
and publishing sector for 1996. A total of 483
forms were submitted in publishing and printing
industries. This total included eight Form A
certification statements, certifying that a facility's
total annual reportable amount of a TRI chemical
was less than 500 pounds for the year and that the
facility did not manufacture, process, or otherwise
use more than 1 million pounds.  (The Form A
certification statement is explained in Chapter 1.)

The commercial gravure printing industry (SIC
code 2754) submitted 172 forms, or 35.6% of the
total number of forms submitted  in this sector. The
commercial lithographic printing industry (SIC
code 2752) submitted 95 forms, 19.7% of the total.
There were 71 forms  (14.7%) that reported more
than one SIC code within SIC code 27. Some
facilities in this sector conduct business in distinct,
but related, SIC codes. A commercial printer, for
example, may perform both lithographic and
gravure printing, classified in SIC codes 2752 and
2754, respectively. Such facilities may report
multiple SIC codes on their TRI forms. (Box 1-5 in
Chapter 1 further explains reporting of multiple
SIC codes and its affect on the analyses presented
in the TRI data release.)

Two industrial groups submitted most of the
sector's forms and reported the bulk of the sector's
releases and waste management.  These were the
commercial gravure printing industry (SIC code
2754) and the multiple-codes forms that reported
more than one SIC code within SIC code 27 to
describe their operations.

Commercial gravure printing (SIC code 2754)
reported the largest amounts of releases and waste
management in the printing and publishing sector
for 1996, summarized in Table 8-1. The
                                                                                             257
-------
            Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
Table 8-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27
Total Total
On- and Production-
Oir-slte related
Releases Waste
Rank Rank
10
14
6
8
3
1
4
12
11
9
13
7
2
5

13
14
7
11
3
1
4
9
8
10
12
5
2
6

SIC
Code
2721
2731
2732
2741
2752
2754
2759
2771
2782
2789
2791
2796



Total Total
Industry Facilities Forms Form As
Number Number Number
Periodicals
Book Publishing
Book Printing
Miscellaneous Publishing
Commercial Printing, Lithographic
Commercial Printing, Gravure
Commercial Printing, nee*
Greeting Cards
Blankbooks & Looseleaf Binders
Bookbinding & Related Work
Typesetting
Platemaking Services
Multiple within SIC Code 27
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 27
Total for SIC Code 27
1
3
6
I
57
63
36
3
1
1
0
39
23
7
241
1
3
11
1
95
172
51
4
1
2
1
53
71
17
483
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
8
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
15,429
0
149,725
18,669
951,368
17,309,198
821,554
18
6,414
18,270
0
110,657
8,637,462
338,185
28,376,949
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
0
0
0
0
4,520
49,002
13,870
2,235
0
0
69
14,596
4,778
0
89,070
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
15,429
0
149,725
18,669
955,888
17,358,200
835,424
2,253
6,414
18,270
69
125,253
8,642,240
338,185
28,466,019
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
10 disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the "multiple" category. There may be forms but no facilities in a single
4-digit SIC code because a facility reported different 4-digit SIC codes in SIC code 27 on its individual forms.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 commercial gravure printing industry reported 17.4
 million pounds of total on- and off-site releases,
 61.0% of the sector's 28.5 million pounds of total
 releases. The commercial gravure printing industry
 reported 17.3 million pounds of on-site releases
 (also 61.0% of the sector's total of 28.4 million
 pounds) and 49,000 pounds of off-site releases
 (55.0% of the sector's total of 89,000 pounds.

 The commercial gravure printing industry also
 reported 115.7 million pounds (50.2% of the
 sector's total) of other on-site waste management,
 3.6 million pounds (44.9%) of transfers off-site for
 further waste management, and 136.1 million
 pounds (51.1%) of total production-related waste.
 The sector's totals in these categories were 230.4
 million pounds, 7.9 million pounds, and 266.2
 million pounds, respectively.

 The multiple-codes group ranked second in the
 publishing and printing sector in all categories,
 except off-site releases. The multiple-codes forms
 reported 8.6 million pounds of total releases, nearly
 all of it as on-site releases. This amount represented
30.4% of the sector's on-site releases and total
releases. Multiple-codes forms also reported 111.6
million pounds (48.4%) of other on-site waste
management, 2.7 million pounds (33.8%) of
transfers off-site for further waste management, and
122.9 million pounds (46.2%) of total production-
related waste.

Platemaking services (SIC code 2796) reported the
second-largest amount of off-site releases (transfers
to disposal), with 15,000 pounds (16.4% of the
sector's  total). Miscellaneous commercial printing
(SIC code 2759) reported the third-largest off-site
releases, with 14,000 pounds (15.6%).

No other industry reported as much as 10% of the
amount reported in any summary category
presented in Table 8-1.

Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 27

Table 8-2 further examines reporting of multiple
SIC codes within SIC code 27. Of the 71 forms that
258
-------
                                                     Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
Table 8-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27, Continued
SIC
Code
2721
2731
2732
2741
2752
2754
2759
2771
2782
2789
2791
2796



Industry
Periodicals
Book Publishing
Book Printing
Miscellaneous Publishing
Commercial Printing, Lithographic
Commercial Printing, Gravure
Commercial Printing, nee*
Greeting Cards
Blankbooks & Looseleaf Binders
Bookbinding & Related Work
Typesetting
Platemaking Services
Multiple within SIC Code 27
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 27
Total for SIC Code 27
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
0
0
53,663
0
760,363
115,721,158
993,590
36,891
20,000
1,320
0
1,072,023
111,616,665
150,945
230,426,618
Total Transfers
Off -site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
0
0
50,759
0
740,716
3,560,715
267,472
2,715
17,218
4,919
0
579,666
2,680,356
32,961
7,937,497
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
0
0
253,739
18,669
2,471,543
136,064,979
2,116,847
41,859
43,700
24,590
69
1,734,863
122,920,147
516,147
266,207,152
Non-
Production-
Related
Waste
Pounds
0
0
0
0
27
3,784
1
0
0
0
0
0
2,175
1,120
7,107
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current .Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the "multiple" category. There may be forms but no facilities in a single
4-digit SIC code because a facility reported different 4-digit SIC codes in SIC code 27 on its individual forms.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.

Table 8-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27


SIC Codes

2721
2752
2752
2752
2752
2752
2754
2759

2752
2754
2754 2759
2759
2789
2795
2759
2796
Total for SIC Code 27
Total
Forms
Number
2
59
1
1
3
2
2
1
71

Form As
Number
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
30,963
8,388,067
8,000
38,250
64,142
87,800
3,700
16,540
8,637,462
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
250
4,528
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,778
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
31,213
8,392,595
8,000
38,250
64,142
87,800
3,700
16,540
8,642,240
Total Transfers
Total Other Off-site for
On-site Waste Further Waste
Management
Pounds
21,637
111,434,028
0
0
0
87,800
72,500
700
111,616,665
Management
Pounds
1,505
2,626,319
0
0
12,032
0
40,250
250
2,680,356
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste
Pounds
55,053
122,432,858
8,000
38,250
75,886
175,600
116,400
18,100
122,920,147
Waste
Pounds
0
2,175
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,175
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases are transfers off-site to disposal
from Section 6 of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 of Form R. Total Production-related Waste sums
Section 8 of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
 reported multiple codes, 59 reported the
 combination of the two primary categories of
 commercial printing, lithographic (SIC code 2752)
 and gravure (SIC code 2754). This combination
 reported 95% or more of the releases and waste
 management amounts submitted on multiple-codes
 forms in SIC code 27, as shown in Table 8-2.
On- and Off-site Releases

Air emissions represented 99.6% (28.4 million
pounds) of the printing and publishing sector's
reported releases in 1996, as shown in Table 8-3
and Figure 8-1. Commercial gravure printing (SIC
code 2754) reported 17.3 million pounds of air
emissions (61.0% of all reported releases to air in
the sector), and multiple-codes forms reported 8.6
                                                                                                              259
-------
            Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
SIC
Code

2754
2752
2759
2732
2796
2741
17S9
2721
2782
2771
2791
2731

Industry

Commercial Priming, Gravure
Multiple wlihin SIC Code 27
Commercial Printing, Lithographic
Conunerchl Printing, nee*
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 27
Book Priming
Ptoemtldng Services
MiKCltoneoui Publishing
Bookbinding & Rotated Work
Periodicals
Blunfcbookj & Loosckaf Binders
Greeting Cards
Typweiting
Book Publishing
Total for SJC Code 27
On-site Land Releases
Surface Underground Injection RCRA Other
Total Air Water Class I Class II- V Subtitle C On-site Land
Emissions Discharges Wells Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds
17,307,788
8,637,212
951,368
821,304
338,175
149,725
97,257
18,669
18,270
15,429
6,414
18
0
0
28,361,629
Pounds
1,410
250
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,670
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
Pounds
0
0
0
250
0
0
13,400
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
13,650
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
17,309,198
8,637,462
951,368
821,554
338,185
149,725
110,657
18,669
18,270
15,429
6,414
18
0
0
28,376,949
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
49,002
4,778
4,520
13,870
0
0
14,596
0
0
0
0
2,235
0
89,070
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
17,358,200
8,642,240
955,888
835,424
338,185
149,725
125,253
18,669
18,270
15,429
6,414
2,253
0
28,466,019
- -„—_ -»-., a.-..—- «»*vu«jn.d **wu.i w^bitwii ^ v/i i \jim x\. v^i*~oiic jYtitaaca
SfC code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
"ncc: not elsewhere classified.
  Transfers Off-site
    to Disposal
      0.3%
                                     Air
                                     99.6%
                    Underground Injection = 0%
                    RCRA Subtitle C Landfills = 0%
                    Surface Water < 0.1%
                    Other On-site Land Releases < 0.1%

    Rgure 8-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site
        Releases, 1996:  Printing and Publishing
   	         (SIC Code 27)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from
Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
million pounds (30.5%). Commercial lithographic
printers (SIC code 2752) reported the third-largest
air emissions (951,000 pounds, or 3.4%).

As noted, the printing and publishing sector
reported larger amounts for toluene than for any
other chemical in nearly all TRI categories. The
two industrial groups with the largest releases—
commercial gravure printing (SIC code 2754) and
multiple-codes forms—reported toluene air
 emissions of 15.0 million pounds and 7.7 million
 pounds, respectively.

 The printing and publishing sector reported off-site
 releases (transfers to disposal) of 89,000 pounds.
 As noted earlier, the commercial gravure printing
 industry (SIC code 2754) reported 49,000 pounds
 (55.0% of this total).

 Figure 8-2 shows the distribution of on- and off-site
 releases for the industries (four-digit SIC code)
 with the sector's largest releases.

 Other On-site Waste Management
 The printing and publishing sector reported 168.5
 million pounds of on-site recycling, nearly three-
 quarters (73.1%) of the sector's reported other on-
 site waste management in 1996. This included
 105.8 million pounds of toluene. The second-
 largest waste management option in this sector's
 reporting was on-site treatment (61.7 million
 pounds, or 26.8% of total other on-site waste
 management). The sector reported on-site treatment
 of 55.9 million pounds of toluene. The sector
reported relatively little on-site energy recovery
(204,000 pounds). Table 8-4 and Figure 8-3 present
other on-site waste management data reported by
the printing and publishing sector for 1996.
260
-------
                                                               Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishin,
20,000,000 -|
18,000,000-

16,000,000-
14,000,000-
12,000,000-
co
i 10,000,000-
8,000,000 -
6,000,000 -
4,000,000 -

2,000,000 -
0 -












fw

if
H|

m
I
1


m
*!



B Transfers Off-site to Disposal
• Other On-site Land Releases
o RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
D UIJ, Class II-V Wells
a UIJ, Class 1 Wells
n Surface Water






I
1
1
P^
1
HAir











ra m „
2754 Mult. 2752 2759 Invalid 2732 2796 2741 2789 2721











Figure 8-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest
Releases, 1996: Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal). UIJ = underground injection.  Forms with
more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the "multiple" category.  Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "27" that do not exist in the
current Standard Industrial Classification code system


Table 8-4.  TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
2754

2796
2759
2752

2732
2771
2782
2789
2721
2731
2741
2791

Industry
Commercial Printing, Gravure
Multiple within SIC Code 27
Platemaking Services
Commercial Printing, nee*
Commercial Printing, Lithographic
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 27
Book Printing
Greeting Cards
Blankbooks & Looseleaf Binders
Bookbinding & Related Work
Periodicals
Book Publishing
Miscellaneous Publishing
Typesetting
Total for SIC Code 27
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
110,160,354
57,629,847
330,446
349,485
78
10,000
0
0
20,000
1,200
0
0
0
0
168,501,410
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
29,900
72,500
0
54,286
46,850
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
203,536
Treated
On-site
Pounds
5,530,904
53,914,318
741,577
589,819
713,435
140,945
53,663
36,891
0
120
0
0
0
0
61,721,672
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
115,721,158
111,616,665
1,072,023
993,590
760,363
150,945
53,663
36,891
20,000
1,320
0
0
0
0
230,426,618
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R.  Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the
"multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                                261
-------
          Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
 Treated
 On-site
  26.8%
                                 Recycled
                                  On-site
                                  73.1%
                               Energy Recovery
                               On-site < 0.1%
   Figure 8-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste
Management, 1996: Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27)
Note: Date from Section 8 of Form R.

The commercial gravure printing industry (SIC
code 2754) reported 110.2 million pounds of on-
site recycling, 65.4% of all on-site recycling
reported in this sector in 1996. The multiple-codes
group reported 57.6 million pounds (34.2%) of on-
site recycling. Three commercial gravure printing
facilities and two multiple-codes facilities reported
on-site recycling of more than 14 million pounds
each of toluene. (Both multiple-codes facilities
reported SIC codes 2752 and 2754.)

Multiple-codes forms also reported most of the
sector's on-site treatment: 53.9 million pounds, or
87.4% of the sector's total. One commercial printer
that reported in both the lithographic and gravure
industries (SIC codes 2752 and 2754, respectively)
reported on-site treatment of 53.2 million pounds of
toluene. Commercial gravure printing (SIC code
2754) reported 5.5 million pounds in on-site
treatment, or 9.0% of the sector's total.

Figure 8-4 illustrates the distribution of on-site
waste management reporting for the top industries
in this sector.

Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

As shown in Table 8-5, the printing and publishing
sector reported nearly equal amounts of transfers
off-site to recycling (3.64 million pounds) and to
energy recovery (3.67 million pounds) in 1996.
These transfer types accounted for about 46% each
of the sector's total transfers off-site for further
waste management. Figure 8-5 illustrates the
percentage distribution of transfer types reported in
this sector in 1996.

Forms reporting multiple SIC codes in SIC code 27
reported 2.3 million pounds of transfers to
recycling, the largest amount of off-site transfers to
recycling in the sector. This amount was 64.5% of
the sector's total for transfers to recycling. Almost
all of this was recycling of toluene (2.2 million
pounds). One facility that reported commercial
lithographic and gravure printing (SIC codes 2752
and 2754) reported transferring 2.0 million pounds
of toluene off-site to recycling.

The commercial gravure printing industry (SIC
code 2754) reported 2.6 million pounds of transfers
to energy recovery, the sector's largest amount in
that category. This was 71.5% of the sector's total
for transfers to energy recovery. The chemical with
the largest such transfers was glycol ethers with
549,000 pounds, including 532,000 pounds
reported by one commercial gravure printer (SIC
code 2754).

Figure 8-6 illustrates the distribution of off-site
transfers for further waste management for the top
industries in this sector.


1996 TRI  Data  by State for

Printing and  Publishing

Table 8-6 presents 1996 summary TRI data by state
for the printing and publishing sector. Facilities in
the printing and publishing sector are found
throughout the United States. Five percent or more
of the 1996 TRI forms filed in this sector were
submitted in each of 10 states. There were 24 to 35
forms submitted in California, Illinois, Indiana,
Missouri, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania,
Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin.
262
-------
                                                          Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
                140,000,000
                120,000,000 -
                100,000,000 -
             1
             I
                 80,000,000 -
                 60,000,000 -
                 40,000,000 -
                 20,000,000 -
D Treated

• Energy Recovery
                             2754
                                     Mult.
                                              2796
                                                      2759
                                                              2752
                                                                      Invalid
                                                                               2732
                                                                                       2771
                                                                                               2782
                                                                                                       2789
        Figure 8-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                                      Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27)
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC Code 27 are assigned to the
"multiple" category. Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "27" that do not exist in the current Standard Industrial Classification code system.
Table 8-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:  Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27
(in Rank Order)


SIC
Code

2754

2752
2796
2759
2732

2782
2789
2771
2721
2731
2741
2791




Industry

Commercial Printing, Gravure
Multiple within SIC Code 27
Commercial Printing, Lithographic
Platemaking Services
Commercial Printing, nee*
Book Printing
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 27
Blankbooks & Looseleaf Binders
Bookbinding & Related Work
Greeting Cards
Periodicals
Book Publishing
Miscellaneous Publishing
Typesetting
Total for SIC Code 27


Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
766,697
2,349,432
62,607
345,263
86,329
14,312
597
17,218
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,642,455

Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
2,624,196
278,596
572,407
73,139
106,492
0
15,539
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,670,369


Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
122,985
43,862
79,513
51,573
70,114
10,130
^0
0
2,373
1,712
0
• o
0
0
382,262


Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
46,837
8,466
26,189
109,691
4,537
26,317
16,825
0
2,546
1,003
0
0
0
0
242,411

Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Off-site
Transfers
for Further
Waste
Management
Pounds
3,560,715
2,680,356
740,716
579,666
267,472
50,759
32,961
17,218
4,919
2,715
0
0
0
0
7,937,497
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.  Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                       263
-------
            Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
          To Treatment
             4.8%
To POTWs
  3.1%
  To Energy
   Recovery
    46.2%
                To Recycling
                  45.9%
    Figure 8-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for
      Further Waste Management, 1996: Printing and
                Publishing (SIC Code 27)
Tennessee was the state with the sector's largest
reporting of on-site releases, total on- and off-site
releases, and transfers off-site for further waste
management. In Tennessee, the sector reported 5.9
million pounds of on-site releases, 20.9% of the
sector's total of 28.4 million pounds of on-site
releases. Tennessee's total for on- and off-site
releases was also 5.9 million pounds, or 20.9% of
the sector's total of 28.5 million pounds. Virginia
ranked second in both categories with 3.8 million
pounds, approximately 13% of the sector's reported
amounts for on-site releases and for total on- and
off>site releases. Illinois ranked third in both
categories with 2.8 million pounds, 10.0% of the
sector's  totals.
 Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6
 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
                 4,000,000
                 3,500,000
                 3,000,000
                 2,500,000
                 2,000,000 •
                 1,500,000-
                 1,000,000-
                  500,000-
                                         • Other Off-site Transfers
                                         S To POTWs
                                         D To Treatment
                                         El To Energy Recovery
                                         H To Recycling
                          2754
                                  Mult.
                                         2752
                                                2796
                                                       2759
                                                              2732
                                                                     Invalid   2782
                                                                                    2789
                                                                                           2771
             Figure 8-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes
                    with Largest Totals, 1996:  Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27)   C
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the "multiple"
category. Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "27" that do not exist in the current Standard Industrial Classification code system.
264
-------
                                                   Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing


Table 8-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27
State
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Total for SIC Code 27
Total
Facilities
Number
3
2
1
12
1
3
4
8
15
10
2
1
7
1
1 '
2
4
7
7
1
10
1
I
2
12
11
12
21
1
2
11
1
5
IS
9
1
14
1
1
18
241
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
3
5
2
25
1
6
7
14
33
30
6
2
14
1
3
5
6
11
16
2
26
2
5
2
24
15
19
31
1
2
25
3
12
35
17
1
33
2
1
35
483
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
8
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
85,668
115,695
0
974,455
12,834
68,315
67,248
838,894
2,828,771
1,735,360
580,388
40,705
1,139,066
878
11,820
573,418
32,949
67,633
247,033
1,384,320
892,778
12,002
298,976
11,696
186,137
451,662
966,487
570,395
6,390
15,552
1,971,020
708,150
434,216
5,935,685
234,735
250
3,788,531
0
35,288
1,051,549
28,376,949
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
0
'. 18
2,235
0
0
0
0
0
4,544
0
0
0
4,950
0
0
0
820
5
2,200
0
20,848
0
0
0
500
12,290
5,320
1,601
0
0
1,750
795
20,000
9,141
53
0
2,000
0
0
0
89,070
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
85,668
115,713
2,235
974,455
12,834
68,315
67,248
838,894
2,833,315
1,735,360
580,388
40,705
1,144,016
878
11,820
573,418
33,769
67,638
249,233
1,384,320
913,626
12,002
298,976
11,696
186,637
463,952
971,807
571,996
6,390
15,552
1,972,770
708,945
454,216
5,944,826
234,788
250
3,790,531
0
35,288
1,051,549
28,466,019
Total Transfers
Total Other Off-site for
On-site Waste Further Waste
Management Management
Pounds Pounds
0
0
10,395
8,263,146
0
42,539
341,623
26,151,838
14,259,008
1,567,684
29,264
0
20,067,578
19,455
0
2,231,427
396,144
167,186
50,392
18,732,661
100,413
0
12,326
30,340
851,403
4,621,528
200,590
600,208
0
5,600
13,377,764
5,657,980
137,800
37,850,396
2,617,728
0
17,868,039
144,586
0
54,019,577
230,426,618
4,404
2,621
2,715
126,927
2,970
108,635
2,214
267,381
139,131
1,102,580
30,044
7,798
, 314,570
504
660
13,040
373,650
70,109
44,360
218,943
637,315
5,795
17,264
2,535
162,088
95,381
336,518
207,915
10,330
9,629
373,535
29,514
107,909
2,352,935
61,090
57,208
338,814
13,549
0
284,917
7,937,497
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
90,072
118,302
15,345
9,360,763
15,804
237,655
414,737
26,605,627
18,415,339
4,403,255
601,914
56,500
21,565,721
20,837
17,461
2,817,731
955,709
312,525
343,435
19,136,180
1,645,585
18,285
327,698
47,107
1,128,437
5,182,395
1,521,704
1,485,125
16,720
33,364
15,723,767
6,396,249
677,794
46,141,563
2,918,564
57,297
22,011,551
173,225
35,288
55,160,522
266,207,152
0
0
0
1,964
0
0
0
300
0
3,400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,120
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
295
0
0
0
0
0
27
0
0
0
7,107
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents),

 Missouri ranked first for off-site releases with
 21,000 pounds of the printing and publishing
 sector's total of 89,000 pounds. South Carolina was
 second with 20,000 pounds, and New York was
 third with  12,000 pounds. These amounts
 represented 23.4%, 22.5%, and 13.8%, respectively
 of the sector's total off-site releases.
Wisconsin ranked first for other on-site waste
management, with 54.0 million pounds,  and first
for total production-related waste, with 55.2 million
pounds. These amounts represented 23.4% and
20.7%, respectively, of the sector's totals in those
categories. Tennessee ranked second for other on-
site waste management (37.9 million pounds, or
16.4%) and second for total production-related
waste (46.1 million pounds, or 17.3%). Georgia
                                                                                                        265
-------
          Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
 ranked third in both categories, with 26.2 million
 pounds (11.3%) of other on-site waste management
 and 26.6 million pounds (10.0%) of total
 production-related waste.

 Tennessee had the sector's largest reported
 transfers off-site for further waste management, 2.4
 million pounds, or 29.6% of the sector's total
 transfers off-site for further waste management.
 Ranking second, Indiana reported 1.1 million
 pounds (13.9%). Missouri ranked third with
 637,000 pounds (8.0%).

 Map 8-1  illustrates the geographic distribution of
 total on-  and offcsite releases in the printing and
 publishing sector.

 1996 TRI  Data  by

 Chemical for  Printing and

 Publishing

 The top 15 chemicals for total on- and off-site
 releases in the printing and publishing sector
 accounted for more than 99% of the sector's air
 emissions, on-site releases, and total releases. The
 sector reported 28.2 million pounds of releases,
 almost entirely as  air emissions, as shown in Table
 8-7. Off-site releases (transfers to disposal) of these
 chemicals totaled 29,000 pounds, 32.3% of the
 sector's off-site releases.

 Toluene was reported in the largest amounts for
 both air emissions (23.1 million pounds) and
 transfers  to disposal (18,000 pounds). Toluene
 ranked first among all chemicals for total on- and
 off-site releases reported in the publishing and
 printing sector, with a total of 23.1 million pounds.
 As noted, commercial gravure printing (SIC code
 2754) reported 15.0 million pounds of air emissions
 of toluene, and multiple-codes forms reported 7.7
 million pounds of air emissions of toluene. This
 solvent is a constituent of inks used in gravure
printing and is used in cleaning printing plates,
cylinders, and other equipment.

As shown in Table 8-7, releases of other chemicals
reported in the printing and publishing sector were
considerably smaller than those for toluene.
Xylenes ranked second with 1.3 million pounds of
total releases, and glycol ethers ranked third with
1.2 million pounds. For xylenes, the multiple-codes
group reported 652,000 pounds of total releases,
and commercial gravure printing (SIC code 2754)
reported 527,000 pounds. Three industries reported
releasing more than 275,000 pounds each of glycol
ethers: commercial gravure printing (SIC code
2754, 376,000 pounds), commercial lithographic
printing (SIC code 2752, 332,000 pounds), and
miscellaneous commercial printing (SIC code 2759,
277,000 pounds).

OSHA Carcinogens

The printing and publishing sector reported
273,000 pounds of on- and offcsite releases of
chemicals designated as OSHA carcinogens, as
shown in Table 8-8. (OSHA carcinogens and the
bases for their designation appear in Box 1-9 in
Chapter 1.) This represented 1.0% of the sector's
total releases for all chemicals.

Two of the 15 chemicals with the largest total
releases in this sector were also OSHA
carcinogens:  dichloromethane and
tetrachloroethylene. The sector reported releases of
177,000 pounds of dichloromethane and 48,000
pounds of tetrachloroethylene, as shown in Table  8-
7. Releases of more than 10,000 pounds each were
also reported for two other OSHA carcinogens:
trichloroethylene (33,000 pounds)  and
di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (12,000 pounds).

The commercial gravure printing industry (SIC
code 2754) reported the largest total releases
(153,000 pounds) of OSHA carcinogens in the
printing and publishing sector. One commercial
gravure printer reported all of the sector's releases
266
-------
                                                  Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing

o>
1
u
QC
O
•o

(0


O
CO

Q.
(0
                                                                                                        267
-------
            Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
  (141,000 pounds) of dichloromethane. The gravure
  printing industry also reported the sector's only off-
  site releases (transfers to disposal) of the OSHA
  carcinogens, 12,000 pounds of di-(2-ethylhexyl)
  phthalate.

  Platemaking services (SIC code 2796) ranked
  second for total releases of these chemicals, with
75,000 pounds, including 13,000 pounds of on-site
land releases of trichloroethylene. Commercial
lithographic printing (SIC code 2752) reported the
third-largest total releases, with 35,000 pounds.

Figure 8-7 shows the on- and off-site releases of the
four-digit SIC codes with the largest OSHA
carcinogen releases.
Table 8-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:  Printing and Publishing,
SIC Code 27 (in Rank Order)
CAS
Number
108-88-3
1330-20.7
—
78-93-3
67-56-1
IDS 10-1
67-63-0

75-09-2
110-S4-3
95-63-6
I07-2I-I
7664-41-7
127-18-4
S72-S&4

71-55-6


Chemical
Toluene
Xylenc (mixed homers)
Gtyeol ethers
Methyl ethyl kctonc
Methanol
Methyl isobucyl ketone
Iiopropyl alcohol
(manufacturing)
Dtehloromethanc
n-Hexane
1,2,4-Triinethylbcnzenc
Elhylcnc glycol
Ammonia
Tctrachlotocthylcne
N-Methyl-2-
pynolidone
1.1.1-TricMorocthine
Subtotal
Tow! for SIC Code 27
On-site Land Releases
Surface Underground Injection RCRA Other
Total Air Water Class I Class II- V Subtitle C On-site Land
Emissions Discharges Wells Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
23,119,979
1,332,661
1,185,026
885,640
437,219
330,385
305,058

176,524
73,748
74,844
72,544
63,887
48,402
39,223

35,219
28,180,359
28,361,629
290
396
260
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
946
1,670
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
' 0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
13,650
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
23,120,269
1,333,057
1,185,286
885,640
437,219
330,385
305,058

176,524
73,748
74,844
72,544
63,887
48,402
39,223

35,219
28,181,305
28,376,949
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
17,521
20
1,830
500
1,500
250
0

0
4,960
2,200
0
0
0
0

0
28,781
89,070
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
23,137,790
1,333,077
1,187,116
886,140
438,719
330,635
305,058

176,524
78,708
77,044
72,544
63,887
48,402
39,223

35,219
28,210,086
28,466,019
Note: On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.

Table 8-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Printing and Publishing,
SIC Code 27 (in Rank Order)
On-site Land Releases

SIC
Code

2754
2796
2752
2782

2759
2732




Industry

Commercial Printing, Gravure
PiUemaking Services
Commercial Printing, Lithographic
Btankbooks & Looselcaf Binders
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 27
Commercial Priming, nee*
Book Printing
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 27

Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
140,762
61,302
35,362
6,414
1,900
500
650
246,890
28,361,629
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,670
Underground Injection
Class I
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Class II-V
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RCRA
Subtitle C
Landfills
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Other
On-site Land
Releases
Pounds
0
13,400
0
0
0
250
0
13,650
13,650
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
140,762
74,702
35,362
6,414
1,900
750
650
260,540
28,376,949
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
12,248
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,248
89,070

Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
153,010
74,702
35,362
6,414
1,900
750
650
272,788
28,466,019
Note: On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 268
-------
                                             Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishin,
                180,000


                160,000-


                140,000-


                120,000-


                100,000-


                80,000 -


                60,000 -


                40,000 -


                20,000
  D Transfers Off-site to Disposal
  H Other On-site Land Releases
  m RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
  El UIJ, Class II-V Wells
  S UIJ, Class I Wells
  • Surface Water
  m Air
                          2754
                                      2796
                                                   2752
                                                               2782
                                                                           Invalid
    Figure 8-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with Largest
                       Totals, 1996: Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. DU = underground injection.
Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "27" that do not exist in the current Standard Industrial Classification code system.
 1996 TRI Chemicals  in
 Waste  for  Printing  and
 Publishing

 The printing  and publishing sector reported total
 production-related waste of 266.2 million pounds in
 1996, as shown in Table 8-9. On-site recycling
 amounted to  nearly  two-thirds (63.3%) of this total,
 with 168.5 million pounds. On-site treatment was
 the second-largest waste management option, with
 61.7 million  pounds (23.2%). Quantities released
 on-  and off-site totaled 26.4 million pounds (9.9%
 of total production-related waste). Each of the other
 types of waste management accounted for 2% or
 less of the sector's production-related waste. Figure
 8-8  illustrates the distribution of waste management
methods in the sector's 1996 reporting of
production-related waste.

The commercial gravure printing industry (SIC
code 2754) reported approximately two-thirds of
the sector's on-site recycling (110.2 million pounds
or 65.4%) and quantities released (16.5 million
pounds, or 62.4%). Forms reporting multiple SIC
codes in SIC code 27 reported most of the sector's
on-site treatment (53.9 million pounds, or 87.4%).
The multiple-codes forms also reported the second-
largest amounts for both on-site recycling (57.6
million pounds, or 34.2%) and quantities released
(7.4 million pounds, or 28.2%). Together, the
commercial gravure printing industry and the
multiple-codes group accounted for 97.3% of the
sector's total production-related waste.
                                                                                              269
-------
           Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
Table 8-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27
(In Rank Order)


SIC
Code

2754
2752
2759
2796
2712
2782
2T7I
2789
2741
2791
2721
2731




Industry

Commercial Printing. Gravure
Multiple within SIC Code 27
Commercial Printing, Lithographic
Commercial Printing, nee*
Phtcmiking Services
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 27
Book Printing
Bankbooks & Loosckaf Binders
Greeting Cards
Bookbinding & Rcktcd Work
Miscellaneous Publishing
Typesetting
Periodicals
Book Publishing
Total for SIC Code 27


Recycled
On-site
Pounds
110,160,354
57,629,847
78
349,485
330,446
10,000
0
20,000
0
1,200
0
0
0
0
168,501,410

Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
29,900
72,500
46,850
54,286
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
203,536


Treated
On-site
Pounds
5,530,904
53,914,318
713,435
589,819
741,577
140,945
53,663
0
36,891
120
0
0
0
0
61,721,672


Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
960,017
3,481,966
62,607
87,714
320,132
511
14,312
17,200
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,944,459

Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
2,734,592
301,329
577,814
128,957
65,723
15,539
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,823,954


Treated
Off-site
Pounds
174,225
76,498
107,028
76,220
138,954
4,065
36,339
0
2,715
5,000
0
0
0
0
621,044
Quantity
Released
On- and
Off-site
Pounds
16,474,987
7,443,689
963,731
830,366
138,031
345,087
149,425
6,500
2,253
18,270
18,669
69
0
0
26,391,077
"Total
Non-
Production- Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
136,064,979
122,920,147
2,471,543
2,116,847
1,734,863
516,147
253,739
43,700
41,859
24,590
18,669
69
0
0
266,207,152
related
Waste
Pounds
3,784
2,175
27
1
0
1,120
0
0
o
o
	 o 	
o
o
0
7,107
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the "multiple" category
*nce: not elsewhere classified.
               Quantity Released
   Off-site Waste     ' 9'9%
   Management
      3.5%
                                     On-site Waste
                                     Management
                                         86.6%
 Figure 8-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste,
       1996: Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
Distribution of production-related waste for the top
industries in the sector appears in Figure 8-9.

Projected  Quantities of TRI
Chemicals in Waste

Table 8-10 summarizes the printing and publishing
sector's projections for on- and off-site waste
management through 1998. (As explained in
Chapter 1, facilities not only report current data but
project  waste management quantities for the next
 two years in their TRI submissions.) From 1996 to
 1998, the printing and publishing sector projected a
 2.7% increase of 7.2 million pounds in total
 production-related waste, from 266.2 million
 pounds to 273.4 million pounds. The largest
 contributing factor in this overall projected increase
 was on-site recycling, projected to increase from
 168.5 million pounds to 182.8 million pound (an
 8.5% increase). This projected increase was partly
 offset by a projected reduction in on-site treatment
 from 61.7 million pounds to 56.3 million pounds
 (an 8.8% decrease).

 Reductions were also projected for off-site
 recycling (from 4.9 million pounds in 1996 to 4.6
 million pounds in 1998) and off-site energy
 recovery (from 3.8 million pounds to 3.0 million
 pounds). Quantities released on- and off-site were
 expected to decrease from 26.4 million pounds to
 25.7 million pounds.

 The sector projected increases in on-site energy
recovery (from 204,000 pounds to 225,000 pounds)
 and off-site treatment (from 621,000 pounds to
705,000 pounds).
270
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                                               Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
    100%
     90% -
     20% -
     10% -
     0%
i
I
                                                                       H Quantity Released

                                                                       • Treated Off-site

                                                                       H Energy Recovery Off-site

                                                                       D Recycled Off-site

                                                                       ED Treated On-site

                                                                       5 Energy Recovery On-site

                                                                       • Recycled On-site
          2754
                Mult.
                      2752
                            2759
                                  2796   Invalid  2732
                                                   2782
                                                         2771
                                                               2789
     Figure 8-9.  Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                               Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC Code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Invalid SIC
codes are codes beginning "27" that do not exist in the current Standard Industrial Classified code system.
Figure 8-10 illustrates the projected changes in on-
site waste management, off-site waste management,
quantities released, and total production-related
waste.

These changes suggest only modest improvement
in the sector's management of TRI chemicals in
waste, as measured by the waste management
hierarchy, explained in Chapter 1. Although on-site
treatment was projected to decrease by nearly 5
million pounds, on-site recycling was projected to
increase nearly three times that amount. Despite
this apparent shift from treatment tcr recycling, the
printing and publishing sector's projected increase
represents an additional volume of production-
related waste.
            Source Reduction Activity

            As shown in Table 8-11, one-third (34.4%) of the
            forms submitted in printing and publishing
            indicated one or more source reduction activities
            underway in 1996. The three commercial printing
            industries submitted the majority of these (73.5% of
            all forms indicating source reduction activity). The
            largest number of forms (73 forms) was submitted
            by the commercial gravure printing industry (SIC
            code 2754). The miscellaneous commercial printing
            (SIC code 2759) submitted 26 forms indicating
            source reduction activity and the commercial
            lithographic printing (SIC code 2752) submitted 23
            such forms. Forms indicating source reduction
            activity represented 42.4% of all forms submitted
                                                                                                 271
-------
 iiiiliilliiiiiiliiliiiiiiiiliiii •^•llB
           Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
 by commercial gravure printing and 51.0% of those
 submitted by miscellaneous commercial printing,
 but 24.2% of those submitted by commercial
 lithographic printing.
Seventy forms indicated improvements in operating
practices, the source reduction activity most often
reported. Raw material modifications (67 forms)
and process modifications (53 forms) were the next
most frequently reported activities.
Table 8-10.  Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998: Printing and Publishing,
SIC Code 27
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 27
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 27
Current Year 1996
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
168,501,410 63.3
203,536 0.1
61,721,672 23.2
4,944,459 1.9
3,823,954 1.4
621,044 0.2
26,391,077 9.9
266,207,152 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1997
Percent
5.5
10.3
-4.7
-6.6
-10.5
-9.1
1.0
2.2
Projected 1997
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
177,704,130 65.3
224,445 0.1
58,811,928 21.6
4,618,227 1.7
3,421,044 1.3
564,707 0.2
26,642,306 9.8
271,986,787 100.0
Projected Change
1997-1998
Percent
2.9
0.2
-4.3
-0.1
-11.0
24.9
-3.4
0.5
Projected 1998
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
182,794,584 66.9
224,975 0.1
56,263,486 20.6
4,612,485 1.7
3,043,113 1.1
705,371 0.3
25,741,991 9.4
273,386,005 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1998
Percent
8.5
10.5
-8.8
-6.7
-20.4
13.6
-2.5
2.7
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
 272
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                                                     Chapter 8 — TR1 Data for Printing and Publishing
                         On-sile Waste
                          Management
Off-site Waste
 Management
 Quantity Released
On-site and Off-site
Total Production-
  related Waste
   Figure 8-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
                                    Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27)
Note: Current year and projected year amount are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.


Table 8-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996:  Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activities
SIC
Code
Total
Industry Forms
Number
2721
2731
2732
2741
2752
2754
2759
2771
2782
2789
2791
2796



Periodicals
Book Publishing
Book Printing
Miscellaneous Publishing
Commercial Printing, Lithographic
Commercial Printing, Gravure
Commercial Printing, nee*
Greeting Cards
Blankbooks & Looseleaf Binders
Bookbinding & Related Work
Typesetting
Platemaking Services
Multiple within SIC Code 27
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 27
Total for SIC Code 27
1
3
11
1
95
172
51
4
1
2
1
53
71
17
483
Good
Cateeorv of Source Reduction Activitv

Raw Surface
Spill Material Process Cleaning Preparation Product
Percenter Operating Inventory and Leak Modifi- Modifi- and and Modifi-
All Forms Practices Control Prevention cations cations Degreasing Finishing cations
Number
0
0
3
0
23
73
26
1
0
1
1
10
24
4
166
Percent Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number
0.0
0.0
27.3
0.0
24.2
42.4
51.0
25.0
0.0
50.0
100.0
18.9
33.8
23.5
34.4
0
0
0
0
8
34
9
0
0
0
1
4
14
0
70
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
8
0
0
0
0
1
11
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
15
0
0
1
0
7
36
12
0
0
0
0
2
6
3
67
0
0
2
0
6
25
7
1
0
1
1
3
6
1
53
0
0
0
0
3
6
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
7
0
0
0
0
3
4
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
11
Note: Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                              273
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          Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
 Year-to-Year

 Comparisons  for  Printing

 and Publishing

 1995-1996 TRI Data for Printing and
 Publishing

 The number of TRI forms submitted in the
 printing and publishing sector decreased from
 538 in 1995 to 483 in 1996, as shown in Table
 8-12. Form As decreased from 12 to eight. (The
 Form A certification statement is explained in
 Chapter 1.)

 On- and Off-site Releases

 From 1995 to 1996, total on- and off-site releases
 reported in the printing and publishing sector
 decreased from 31.2 million pounds to 28.5
 million pounds, an 8.6% reduction. This resulted
 primarily from a 4.2 million-pound reduction in
 fugitive air emissions (from 18.0 million pounds
 in 1995 to 13.8 million pounds in 1996), partly
 offset by a 1.5 million-pound increase in point-
 source air emissions (from 13.1 million pounds to
 14.6 million pounds). Table 8-12 presents the
 sector's reporting of releases in 1995 and 1996.

 For other types of releases—surface water
 discharges, on-site land releases, and off-site
 releases (transfers to disposal)—the change from
 1995 to 1996 was less than 50,000 pounds  for
 each release type.

 Figure 8-11 illustrates the 1995-1996 percentage
 change in releases for the printing and publishing
 sector.

 Other On-site Waste Management

The printing and publishing sector reported
reductions in all three methods of on-site waste
 management from 1995 to 1996. Total other on-
 site waste management decreased from 255.1
 million pounds to 230.4 million pounds, a 9.7%
 reduction. The largest component of this change
 was on-site recycling, which decreased from
 187.7 million pounds to 168.5 million pounds (a
 10.2% reduction). On-site treatment decreased
 from 67.2 million pounds to 61.7 million pounds
 (8.1%). Energy recovery, the on-site waste
 management type reported in the smallest
 amounts in this sector, decreased from 278,000
 pounds to 204,000 pounds (26.7%).

 Table 8-12 presents 1995-1996 on-site waste
 management data for the printing and publishing
 sector.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 As shown in Table 8-12, the printing and
 publishing sector also reported reductions in all
 types of transfers off-site for further waste
 management from 1995 to 1996. Transfers off-
 site for further waste management totaled 10.1
 million pounds in 1995 and 7.9 million pounds in
 1996, a 21.1% reduction. The transfer type with
 the largest reduction, in both pounds and percent,
 was recycling. Transfers to recycling decreased
 from 5.6 million pounds to 3.6 million pounds, a
 34.7% decrease. Other transfer types decreased
 by less than 125,000 pounds each.

 Changes in SIC Codes

 As indicated in facility descriptions below, some
 facilities report different SIC codes over time.
 This may reflect new or discontinued lines of
 production, or it may represent a different
 understanding of how SIC code designations
relate to a facility's business activities. These
changes can contribute—sometimes largely—to
 apparent increases or decreases across
comparison years in the amounts reported by the
four-digit, or even two-digit, SIC codes.
274
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                                                           Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
Table 8-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for
Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:  Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1995
Number
275
538
526
12
Pounds

31,083,334
17,975,664
13,107,670
14,372
0
4,600
31,102,306

54,025
31,156,331

187,685,423
277,629
67,163,824
255,126,876

5,578,564
3,791,308
426,755
261,638
3,866
10,062,131

1996
Number
241
483
475
8
Pounds

28,361,629
13,782,537
14,579,092
1,670
0
13,650
28,376,949

89,070
28,466,019

168,501,410
203,536
61,721,672
230,426,618

3,642,455
3,670,369
382,262
242,411
0
7,937,497
Change
1995 to 1996
Percent
-12.4
-10.2
-9.7
-33.3
Percent

-8.8
-23.3
11.2
-88.4
-
196.7
-8.8

64.9
-8.6

-10.2
-26.7
-8.1
-9.7

-34.7
-3.2
-10.4
-7.3
-100.0
-21.1
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste
Management from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of
Form R. Breakdown of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code.
                                                                                                                         275
-------
           Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
              200
              150
              100
               50
               0-
              •50-
              •100-
                         Air
                                     Surface
                                      Water
Underground
  Injection
 On-site
  Land
Releases
 Transfers
  Off-site
to Disposal
            Figure 8-11. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:
                               Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995.
 1988-1996 TRI Data for Printing and
 Publishing

 As explained in Chapter 1, comparisons from the
 1988 TRI baseline year to the current year rely on
 the list of "core" TRI chemicals that were
 reportable with the same reporting definition in all
 years. These multi-year comparisons also review
 only the data elements that were collected in all
 years, which excludes from this section any
 analysis that distinguishes RCRA subtitle C
 landfills from other land releases as well as analysis
 based on the types of underground injection wells.
 On-site waste management data and transfers off-
 site to recycling and to energy recovery have been
 collected only since 1991; these data are included,
 but cannot be compared across the full 1988-1996
 period.

 The printing and publishing sector reported 61.2
 million pounds of total on- and off-site releases in
 1988 and 28.3 million pounds of total releases in
     1996, as shown in Table 8-13. This reduction of
     53.8%, or 32.9 million pounds, was attributable
     almost entirely to air emissions. In addition, the
     sector reported a 53.5% reduction in air emissions,
     from 60.6 million pounds in 1988 to 28.2 million
     pounds in 1996. Decreases were reported in both
     fugitive and point-source emissions.

     Other on-site releases decreased by large
     percentages (66.6% to 100.0%)  from 1988 to 1996,
     but these represented small absolute amounts, as
     shown in Table 8-13.

     Off-site releases (transfers to disposal) decreased
     82.9%, from 493,000 pounds to 84,000 pounds,
     over the 1988-1996 period.

     Figure 8-12 illustrates the percentage changes in
     releases by release type for the printing and
     publishing sector.
276
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                                                              Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
Table 8-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for
Further Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996: Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1988
Number
356
688
688
NA
Pounds

60,581,384
33,224,249
27,357,135
32,091
40,000
40,816
60,694,291

493,227
61,187,518

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
4,505,946
1,751,776
396,671
NA

1994
Number
283
542
542
NA
Pounds

34,323,896
19,917,668
14,406,228
843
0
1,370
34,326,109

60,570
34,386,679

187,310,903
263,890
9,024,252
196,599,045

6,228,807
3,310,699
531,812
233,217
22,740
10,327,275

1995
Number
263
501
493
8
Pounds

30,822,855
17,856,994
12,965,861
14,372
0
4,600
30,841,827

54,025
30,895,852

187,529,232
269,429
64,762,421
252,561,082

5,561,178
3,711,781
426,612
209,444
3,866
9,912,881

1996
Number
232
452
447
5
Pounds

28,170,356
13,693,054
14,477,302
1,670
0
13,650
28,185,676

84,110
28,269,786

168,357,066
199,336
61,173,022
229,729,424

3,638,700
3,594,420
376,604
159,617
0
7,769,341
Change
1988 to 1996
Percent
-34.8
-34.3
-35.0
NA
Percent

-53.5
-58.8
-47.1
-94.8
-100.0
-66.6
-53.6

-82.9
-53.8

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
-91.6
-90.9
-100.0
NA
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991, 1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste Management
from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of
Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996. For 1994-1996, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste
management code. For 1988, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code or codes not required to be reported in 1988.
Forms for one facility for 1994 were not entered into the system due to an EPA error. The correct amounts for 1994 for these forms are 147,900 pounds of recycling
on-site, 48,480,000 pounds of treatment on-site and 48,927,900 pounds of total other on-site waste management. NA:  not required to be reported in that year.
                                                                                                                               277
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          Chapter 8 — TRl Data for Printing and Publishing
                          Air
                                     Surface
                                      Water
            Figure 8-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996:
                                Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27)
Note: Docs not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-sllc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996.
                                                     168.4 million pounds in 1996, a decrease of 19.0
                                                     million pounds. Energy recovery decreased from
                                                     264,000 pounds to 199,000 pounds.

                                                     For the two transfer types reported for the full
                                                     1988-1996 comparison period, the printing and
                                                     publishing sector reported decreases of more than
                                                     90%. The sector reported a decrease in transfers to
                                                     treatment from 4.5 million pounds in  1988 to
                                                     377,000 pounds in 1996. The sector reported a
                                                     decrease in transfers to POTWs from  1.8 million
                                                     pounds in 1988 to 160,000 pounds in  1996. These
                                                     data also appear in Table 8-13.


                                                     1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in
                                                     Printing and Publishing

                                                     Tables 8-14 through 8-16 summarize  data for 1988
                                                     and 1994-1996 for industries at the four-digit SIC
                                                     code level within SIC code 27. The tables present,
                                                     respectively, on- and off-site releases, other on-site
On-site waste management and transfers off-site for
recycling or energy recovery were not collected hi
1988. For the 1994-1996 period, other on-site waste
management increased from 196.6 million pounds
to 229.7 million pounds, as shown in Table 8-13.
This 33.1 million-pound increase reflected an
apparent increase in on-site treatment from 9.0
million pounds to 61.2 million pounds (an increase
of 52.1 million pounds). However, for one
facility—a commercial lithographic and gravure
printer filing multiple SIC codes 2752 and 2754—
some forms for 1994 were not entered into the
system due to an EPA error. This facility filed a
1994 report for 48.5 million pounds of on-site
treatment of toluene. If this amount were included,
the sector's increase in on-site treatment would be
3.6 million pounds and total other on-site waste
management would show a decrease of  15.4 million
pounds.

The printing and publishing sector reported on-site
recycling of 187.3 million pounds in 1994 and
278
-------
                                             Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publish:
waste management, and transfers off-site for further
waste management.

On- and Off-site Releases

Table 8-14 provides release data for all four-digit
SIC codes in the printing and publishing sector,
from 1988 to 1996. The commercial gravure
printing industry (SIC jsode 2754) reported the
largest 1988-1996 decrease in total on- and off-site
releases, from 31.6 million pounds to 17.2 million
pounds. The multiple-codes group ranked second
for decreases, reporting 17.3 million pounds in
1988 and 8.6 million pounds in 1996. Commercial
lithographic printing (SIC code 2752) ranked third,
with 2.8 million pounds in 1988 and 956,000
pounds in 1996. In all three industries, reductions
occurred principally in reporting of air emissions,
with smaller decreases in off-site releases (transfers
to disposal).

Platemaking services (SIC code 2796) reported the
largest increase in total releases, from 83,000
pounds in 1988 to 125,000 pounds in 1996.
Increases in this industry were reported in air
emissions, on-site land releases, and off-site
releases (transfers to disposal). However, this
industry's reported releases have decreased in
recent years. Two other printing and publishing
industries reported increases from 1988 to 1996. No
TRI forms were submitted in bookbinding and
related work (SIC code 2789)  in 1988, while
18,000 pounds of releases were reported in this
industry in 1996. The periodicals  publishing
industry (SIC code 2721) reported 3,000 pounds in
1988 and 15,000 pounds in 1996. Both industries
reported only air emissions in  the years compared
in Table 8-14.

Other On-site Waste Management

The commercial gravure printing industry (SIC
code 2754) reported the largest decrease in on-site
waste management in the printing and publishing
sector from 1994 to  1996 (on-site waste
management data were not collected in 1988). This
industry reported 126.9 million pounds of other on-
site waste management in 1994 and 115.3 million
pounds in 1996. Reductions were reported in all
three types of waste management, although on-site
recycling and total on-site waste management were
larger (128.3 million pounds and 133.5 million
pounds) in 1995.

Platemaking services (SIC code 2796) ranked
second for decreases in other on-site waste
management, reporting 1.7 million pounds in 1994
and 896,000 pounds in 1996. This industry also
reported a larger sum in 1995 (1.8 million pounds).
Decreases were reported in on-site recycling and
treatment. Ranking third for decreases, the
manifold business forms industry (SIC code 2761)
reported 23,000 pounds of on-site recycling in
1994, but submitted no TRI forms in 1995 or 1996.

The multiple-codes group reported the largest
increase in on-site waste management for the
printing and publishing sector for 1994 to 1996, but
these numbers reflect the reporting problem
described hi "1988-1996 TRI Data for Printing and
Publishing," above. When data are adjusted for that
reporting problem, commercial lithographic
printing (SIC code 2752) ranked first for increases.
This industry reported 479,000 pounds in 1994 and
760,000 pounds in 1996, with most of the increase
occurring in on-site treatment. The second-largest
increase was reported in miscellaneous commercial
printing industries (SIC code 2759), with 797,000
pounds in 1994 and 982,000 pounds in 1996.
Increases in  all three waste management types
contributed to this overall increase, although on-site
recycling decreased from 1995 to 1996. The book
printing industry (SIC code 2732) ranked third with
an increase from 25,000 pounds in 1994 to 54,000
pounds in 1996. Nearly all of this increase was
reported in on-site treatment.

On-site waste management data for 1994-1996
appear in Table 8-15.
                                                                                             279
-------
             Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
Table 8-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Printing and Publishing,
SIC Code 27
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
2711

2721



2731



2732


2741



2752


2754


2759


2761



Industry
Newspapers

Periodicals



Book Publishing



Book Printing


Miscellaneous Publishing



Commercial Printing, Lithographic


Commercial Printing, Gravure


Commercial Printing, nee*


Manifold Business Forms



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
1
Releases
to Land
Pounds
Off-site
Releases
Total Transfers Total On-
On-site Off-site to and Off-site
Releases Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
44,185
15,429
32,319
30,314
3,118





0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
44,185
15,429
32,319
30,314
3,118
No reports received
10,080

0
0
0
10,080
11,300
0
0
0
0

0
55,485
15,429
32,319
30,314
3,118

10,080
No reports received
42,003
138,357
176,606
162,363
343,645




0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,100
0
42,003
138,357
176,606
163,463
343,645
0
0
0
0
90
42,003
138,357
176,606
163,463
343,735
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
108,457
951,368
1,100,222
1,448,145
2,637,427
17,186,028
19,107,315
21,591,192
31,377,396
781,838
894,686
1,354,579
808,574

0
0
13,401


0
0
1,410
711

338
30,100



0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,240
0
40,000
0
0
20
0
250
250
250
0
108,457
951,368
1,117,863
1,448,145
2,717,427
17,187,438
19,108,026
21,591,550
31,407,496
782,088
894,936
1,354,829
808,574

0
4,520
9,250
6,755
81,033
49,002
15,442
18,525
174,689
8,910
14,867
23,443
0

108,457
955,888
1,127,113
1,454,900
2,798,460
17,236,440
19,123,468
21,610,075
31,582,185
790,998
909,803
1,378,272
808,574
No reports received
No reports received
17,900
508,612


0
0
0
0
0
313
17,900
508,925
0
11,133
17,900
520,058
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 280
-------
                                                           Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
Table 8-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Printing and Publishing,
SIC Code 27, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code Industry
2771 Greeting Cards



2782 Blankbooks & Looseleaf Binders



2789 Bookbinding & Related Work



2791 Typesetting



2796 Platemaking Services



Multiple within SIC Code 27



Invalid SIC Code within SIC
Code 27


Total for SIC Code 27



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
18
17
23,916
226,904
6,414
20,400
20,200
219,237
18,270
13,000
13,000
No reports received
0
No reports received
No reports received
0
97,247
249,766
253,447
82,599
8,637,212
8,830,095
8,927,889
17,203,655
338,175
388,349
480,951
6,975,572
28,170,356
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0


0
0
0
0
0
250
250
250
1,840
10
10
255
151
1,670
30,822,855 14,372
34,323,896
843
60,581,384 32,091
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0


0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40,000
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0


0
13,400
110
0
0
0
0
0
503
0
0
0
0
13,650
4,600
1,370
40,816
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
18
17
23,916
226,904
6,414
20,400
20,200
219,237
18,270
13,000
13,000

0


0
110,647
249,876
253,447
82,599
8,637,462
8,830,345
8,928,139
17,205,998
338,185
388,359
481,206
6,975,723
28,185,676
30,841,827
34,326,109
60,694,291
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
2,235
0
0
1,500
0
0
0
1,400
0
0
0

69


3,800
14,596
1,550
6,418
0
4,778
5,334
5,069
142,875
0
7,582
360
65,407
84,110
54,025
60,570
493,227
2,253
17
23,916
228,404
6,414
20,400
20,200
220,637
18,270
13,000
13,000

69


3,800
125,243
251,426
259,865
82,599
8,642,240
8,835,679
8,933,208
17,348,873
338,185
395,941
481,566
7,041,130
28,269,786
30,895,582
34,386,679
61,187,518
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                        281
-------
              Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
Table 8-15.  TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Printing and Publishing,
SIC Code 27
SIC
Code
2711



2721



2731



2732



2741



2752



2754



2759



2761



2771



2782



Industry
Newspapers



Periodicals



Book Publishing



Book Printing



Miscellaneous Publishing



Commercial Printing, Lithographic



Commercial Printing, Gravure



Commercial Printing, nee*



Manifold Business Forms



Greeting Cards



Blankbooks & Looseleaf Binders



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
0
No reports received
NA
0
3,680
1,257
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
78
300
1,800
NA
110,141,802
128,303,874
120,448,670
NA
346,937
412,488
251,752
NA
No reports received
No reports received
23,000
NA
0
0
0
NA
20,000
19,500
21,000
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds



NA
0
0
0
NA

0

NA
0
0
0
NA



NA
46,850
40,700
30,450
NA
25,700
43,129
233,440
NA
54,286
0
0
NA


0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds



NA
0
0
o ,
NA
/
/o

NA
53,663
35,527
23,575
NA



NA
713,435
565,661
447,246
NA
5,177,653
5,190,961
6,264,474
NA
580,805
573,603
545,720
NA


0
NA
36,891
24,640
23,163
NA
0
0
0
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds



NA
0
0
0
NA

0

NA
53,663
39,207
24,832
NA



NA
760,363
606,661
479,496
NA
115,345,155
133,537,964
126,946,584
NA
982,028
986,091
797,472
NA


23,000
NA
36,891
24,640
23,163
NA
20,000
19,500
21,000
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one-4-digit SIC code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Forms for one
facility for 1994 reporting under multiple codes within SIC code 27 were not entered into the system due to an EPA error. The correct amounts for 1994 are
147,900 pounds of recycling on-site, 48,480,000 pounds of treatment on-site and 48,927,900 pounds of total other on-site waste management.
"nee: not elsewhere classified.
 282
-------
                                                 Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
Table 8-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Printing and Publishing,
SIC Code 27, Continued
SIC
Code Industry
2789 Bookbinding & Related Work



2791 Typesetting



2796 Platemaking Services


Multiple within SIC Code 27


Invalid SIC Code within SIC 27



Total for SIC Code 27



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
1,200
0
0
No reports received
0
No reports received
No reports received
NA
217,202
405,948
465,301
NA
57,629,847
58,365,411
66,080,312
NA
0
18,031
17,811
NA
168,357,066
187,529,232
187,310,903
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0

0


NA
0
0
0
NA
72,500
185,600
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
199,336
269,429
263,890
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
120
0
0

0


NA
678,312
1,429,984
1,242,689
NA
53,914,318
56,820,327
384,086
NA
17,825
121,718
93,299
NA
61,173,022
64,762,421
9,024,252
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
1,320
0
0

0


NA
895,514
1,835,932
1,707,990
NA
111,616,665
115,371,338
66,464,398
NA
17,825
139,749
111,110
NA
229,729,424
252,561,082
196,599,045
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Forms for one
facility for 1994 reporting under multiple codes within SIC code 27 were not entered into the system due to an EPA error. The correct amounts for 1994 are
147,900 pounds of recycling on-site, 48,480,000 pounds of treatment on-site and 48,927,900 pounds of total other on-site waste management.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 The multiple-codes group reported the largest
 decrease in transfers off-site for further waste
 management in printing and publishing for 1994-
 1996 (data for some types of off-site transfers were
 not collected in 1988). Multiple-codes forms
 reported 4.7 million pounds of transfers off-site for
 further waste management in 1994 and 2.7 million
 pounds in 1996. Transfers to recycling were the
 largest factor in this reduction.

 The platemaking services industry (SIC code
 2796), ranking second for decreases, reported
 895,000 pounds of transfers off-site for further
 waste management in 1994 and 502,000 pounds in
1996. All types of transfers showed decreases, with
the largest reduction appearing in transfers to
recycling. The third-largest decrease was recorded
in the commercial gravure printing industry (SIC
code 2754), which reported 3.61 million pounds in
1994, 3.65 million pounds in 1995, and 3.48
million pounds in 1996.

The commercial lithographic printing industry (SIC
code 2752) reported the largest increase for the
1994-to-1996 period, from 526,000 pounds to
741,000 pounds. Increases were reported in all
transfer types except transfers to treatment.
Ranking second for increases, the book printing
industry (SIC code 2732) reported 37,000 pounds
in 1994 and 51,000 pounds in 1996. Increases were
reported in transfers to recycling and to treatment.
                                                                                                     283
-------
          Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
 Bookbinding and related work (SIC code 2789)
 ranked third for transfers off-site for further waste
 management, as this industry reported no amounts
 in 1994 and 5,000 pounds in 1996. The 1996
 amount included transfers to treatment and to
 POTWs.

 Table 8-16 presents the sector's transfers off-site
 for further waste management for 1988-1996.

 Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
 in Releases. 1988-1996

 Quebecor Printing, Inc., in Dickson, Tennessee
 (SIC code 2754), ranked first in increases with an
 overall 1.7 million-pound increase. Toluene
 reporting constituted 100% of the increase. A
 gravure printer, this facility produces newspaper
 supplements. Toluene is a common ink solvent in
 gravure printing. The chemical is used to thin inks
 to a usable viscosity and is later allowed to
 evaporate off the printed material, resulting in air
 emissions. The increase in toluene air emissions is
 due to increased production, according to the
 facility contact. Quebecor Printing in Dickson also
 ranked as the third largest decreaser hi waste
 managed (see Facilities with Large Increases and
 Decreases in Waste Management, 1991-1996,
 below).

 World Color Press, Inc., in Dyersburg, Tennessee
 (SIC code 2752 and 2753 in 1988 and 2752 and
 2754 in 1996), was second in increases with 1.3
 million pounds. The facility installed its first
 gravure printing press in 1988 and did not come
 into full production until 1989. Since 1989, two
 additional presses have been installed.
 Consequently, toluene reporting was low in 1988
 compared to subsequent years. Toluene, used as an
 ink solvent, accounted for all of the facility's
 increase. The facility reported a 1.2 million-pound
 increase in toluene fugitive emissions between
 1988 and 1996.
 Quebecor Printing in Richmond, Virginia (SIC
 code 2754), ranked third with an overall 861,000
 pound increase. Like the other two top facilities for
 increases, air emissions of toluene are primarily
 responsible for the ranking of this gravure printing
 facility. The change in reporting was due to a
 production increase. Two presses were installed at
 the facility between 1988 and 1996. The facility
 prints newspaper supplements.

 R.R. Donnelley & Sons, Company in Warsaw,
 Indiana (SIC code 2754), was first in decreases
 with 2.4 million pounds. Toluene reporting
 accounted for 95% of this facility's reduction. A
 gravure printer, R.R. Donnelly in Warsaw reduced
 toluene air emissions by implementing "permanent
 total enclosure" systems whereby solvent fumes are
 more efficiently captured. The captured solvents
 are then sent to recovery systems where they are
 recycled for reuse. This facility prints catalogs.

 R.R. Donnelly & Sons Company in Mattoon,
 Illinois (SIC codes 2752 and 2754), ranked second
 in decreases with 2.0 million pounds. Again,
 toluene was the major contributor to this magazine
 printer's release reduction, accounting for 97% of
 the overall decrease. This facility cited improved
 solvent capture systems and improved process
 efficiency through equipment enhancements as the
 major reasons for decreased toluene releases.

 R.R. Donnelly & Sons Company in Gallatin,
 Tennessee (SIC code 2754), was third for decreases
 of releases  with 1.5 million pounds. Reductions in
 toluene emissions at this facility accounted for 97%
 of the overall decrease. Another gravure printer of
 catalogs, the facility also identified equipment
 enhancements as the major contributor to the
 reduction. In gravure printing, ink is transferred to
paper by cylinders that are either made of copper or
 wrapped in copper plates. The copper is etched,
creating wells that carry ink. Changes in how the
copper was etched resulted in a reduction of ink
usage, according to the facility contact. Conse-
quently, toluene usage decreased.
284
-------
                                                           Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishin,
Table 8-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Printing and
Publishing, SIC Code 27
SIC
Code
2711


2721



2731



2732



2741



2752


2754


2759



2761



2771



2782



Industry
Newspapers


Periodicals



Book Publishing



Book Printing



Miscellaneous Publishing



Commercial Printing, Lithographic


Commercial Printing, Gravure


Commercial Printing, nee*



Manifold Business Forms



Greeting Cards



Blankbooks & Looseleaf Binders



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
0
No reports received
NA
14,312
1,553
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
62,607
44,530
59,290
NA
763,582
877,908
982,822
NA
85,689
104,414
113,162
NA
No reports received
No reports received
0
NA
0
3,265
2,400
NA
17,218
8,116
16,009
NA


NA
0
1,826
0
NA

0

NA
0
1,493
3,583
NA



NA
572,407
589,417
352,021
NA
2,548,497
2,537,502
2,364,181
NA
106,242
113,589
193,225
NA


0
NA
0
12,952
16,534
NA
0
0
0
NA


2,300
0
0
4,135
10

0

0
10,130
13,764
3,897
3,712



27,365
79,513
54,865
90,149
393,011
117,327
172,153
201,748
2,347,107
70,114
19,214
23,636
94,439


250
14,753
1,712
5
0
104,415
0
0
0
35,989
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds


250
0
0
0
0

0

26,324
26,317
30,208
29,482
6,993



492
26,189
58,142
24,434
25,591
46,837
61,753
59,813
104,310
4,537
4,735
4,098
2,000


0
5,953
1,003
250
350
4,180
0
0
0
2


0
0
0
0
0

0

0
0
0
0
454



0
0
3,866
0
0
0
0
0
187,748
0
0
0
0


0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


NA
0
1,826
4,135
NA

0

NA
50,759
47,018
36,962
NA



NA
740,716
750,820
525,894
NA
3,476,243
3,649,316
3,608,564
NA
266,582
241,952
334,121
NA


250
NA
2,715
16,472
19,284
NA
17,218
8,116
16,009
NA
 Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
 transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the category.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                         285
-------
           Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
Table 8-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Printing and
Publishing, SIC Code 27, Continued
SIC
Code Industry
2789 Bookbinding & Related Work



2791 Typesetting



2796 Platemaking Services



Multiple within SIC Code 27



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 27



Toti! for SIC Code 27



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
No reports received
0
No reports received
No reports received
NA
345,263
577,294
602,357
NA
2,349,432
3,923,496
4,354,814
NA
597
20,602
97,953
NA
3,638,700
5,561,178
6,228,807
NA
0
3,000
0

0


NA
73,139
84,330
143,599
NA
278,596
348,302
220,232
NA
15,539
19,370
17,324
NA
3,594,420
3,711,781
3,310,699
NA
2,373
0
0

0


0
51,573
94,732
88,939
4,905
43,862
47,340
77,274
878,588
0
24,539
41,784
599,352
376,604
426,612
531,812
4,505,946
Transfers
toPOTWs
Pounds
2,546
0
0

0


0
31,712
36,973
59,883
27,300
8,466
5,873
43,289
73,850
12,010
11,510
11,868
1,474,531
159,617
209,444
233,217
1,751,776
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Off-site Further Waste
Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0

0


0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22,740
167,300
0
0
0
41,169
0
3,866
22,740
396,671
4,919
3,000
0

0


NA
501,687
793,329
894,778
NA
2,680,356
4,325,011
4,718,349
NA
28,146
76,021
168,929
NA
7,769,341
9,912,881
10,327,275
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 27 are assigned to the "multiple"
category.
*nc«: not elsewhere classified.
 Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
 Releases, 1988-1996

 In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
 large apparent increases and decreases, which have
 been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
 Because these are errors or plant closures and not
 actual changes in the data, these facilities are not
 discussed in detail here. There are three such
 facilities in the printing and publishing sector:

    Maxwell Communications Corporation,
    Broadview, Illinois, decrease of 4.2 million
    pounds, plant closure.
    R.R. Donnelly & Sons Company, Chicago,
    Illinois, decrease of 2.0 million pounds, plant
    closure.
    Standard Gravure Corporation, Louisville,
    Kentucky, decrease of 2.8 million pounds, plant
    closure.

1991-1996 Waste Management Data
for Printing and Publishing

Table 8-17 summarizes on- and off-site waste
management data for the printing and publishing
sector for 1991, when TRI began collecting this
information, and the three most recent years (1994-
1996). Over this period, total production-related
 286
-------
                                                              Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing


Table 8-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996:  Printing and Publishing, SIC Code 27
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
, Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non- Production-related Waste
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
1991
Pounds
173,316,833
154,500
28,405,276
201,876,609
6,182,455
5,105,091
1,731,103
13,018,649
45,009,400
259,904,658
36,975
Change
1994-1995
Percent
0.1
2.1
617.6
28.5
-8.5
7.0
-0.1
-2.9
-8.6
22.2
-44.7
1994
Pounds
187,310,903
263,890
9,024,252
196,599,045
6,314,480
3,407,370
622,201
10,344,051
31,319,447
238,262,543
25,448
Change
1995-1996
Percent
-10.2
-26.0
-5.5
-9.0
-14.5
2.7
-14.7
-8.3
-8.5
-9.0
-49.5
1995
Pounds
187,529,232
269,429
64,762,421
252,561,082
5,779,672
3,644,857
621,547
10,046,076
28,619,969
291,227,127
14,064
Change
1991-1996
Percent
-2.9
29.0
115.4
13.8
-20.1
-26.7
-69.4
-29.2
-41.8
2.0
-80.8
1996
Pounds
168,357,066
199,336
61,173,022
229,729,424
4,940,704
3,743,765
530,222
9,214,691
26,193,723
265,137,838
7,107








Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated. Forms for one facility for 1994 were riot entered into the system due to an EPA error. The correct amounts for 1994
for these forms are 147,900 pounds of recycling on-site, 48,480,000 pounds of treatment on-site, 48,927,900 pounds of total on-site waste management, and
49,308,170 pounds of total production-related waste. The percentage change from 1994 to 1995 in treatment on-site changes from 617.6% to 5.8%, in total on-site
waste management changes from 28.5% to 2.9%, and in total production-related waste changes from 22.2% to 1.3%.
                                                                                                                               287
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          Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
 waste reported in the printing and publishing sector
 increased from 259.9 million pounds to 265.1
 million pounds, a 2.0% increase.

 The largest increase was reported in on-site
 treatment, from 28.4 million pounds in 1991 to 61.2
 million pounds in 1996. As discussed in "1988-
 1996 TRI Data for Printing and Publishing," above,
 some forms for reporting year 1994 for one facility
 were not entered into the system due to an EPA
 error. This reporting problem accounts for the
 apparent increase in on-site treatment from 1994 to
 1995 in Table 8-17, but has no effect on the overall
 1991-1996 analysis.

 The sector reported a relatively small increase in
 on-site energy recovery, from 155,000 in 1991
 pounds to 199,000 pounds in 1996. This was the
 only other type of waste management with an
 increase for 1991-1996.

 The largest reduction was reported in quantities
 released on- and off-site, from 45.0 million pounds
 to 26.2 million pounds. On-site recycling also
 decreased, from 173.3 million pounds to 168.4
 million pounds. All three types of off-site waste
 management decreased: recycling from 6.2 million
 pounds to 4.9 million pounds; energy recovery
 from 5.1 million pounds to 3.7 million pounds; and
 treatment from 1.7 million pounds to 530,000
 pounds.

 Figure 8-13 illustrates the percentage changes in
 waste management methods reported by the
 printing and publishing sector for 1991-1996.

 TRI facilities report absolute amounts of waste
 managed and environmental releases, not amounts
 adjusted for changes in production levels. The
 printing and publishing sector's reporting of total
 production-related waste increased, while
 production decreased. However, changes in
 amounts reported  for the various waste
 management options indicate that the sector has
 made some progress in improving its management
 of TRI chemicals in waste, as measured by the
waste management hierarchy (explained in Chapter
1). Most production-related waste reported in this
sector was recycled. Although the proportion of
total production-related waste that was recycled
declined somewhat from 1991 to 1996, the
proportion of this waste that was released decreased
more substantially. The difference was taken up by
treatment (this is not affected by the 1994 reporting
problem identified above). In terms of the
hierarchy, recycling is the preferred option for
managing TRI chemicals in waste that cannot be
prevented. Although treatment is less desirable than
recycling, it is still preferable to releasing such
chemicals to the environment.

Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
in Waste Management, 1991-1996

Quad/Graphics, Inc., in Lomira, Wisconsin (SIC
code 2572 and 2754), ranked first in increases of
waste managed with a total of 31.3 million pounds.
The facility is a solvent-based publications printer
and prints materials ranging from coupons to
magazines and catalogs. Reported on-site treatment
of toluene increased 31.2 million pounds between
1991  and 1996. Production doubled at the plant
after the installation of new presses between 1993
and 1996.

Brown Printing Company in Franklin, Kentucky
(SIC code 2754), was second in increases with 7.8
million pounds. Reported on-site recycling of
toluene accounted for nearly all of the facility's
increase. This facility, now owned by Quebecor
Printing, manufactures magazines, catalogs, and
newspaper inserts. The increase in toluene
reporting was the result of the addition of two
presses.

World Color in Evans, Georgia (SIC code 2754),
was third in increases with 4.3 million pounds.
Toluene reported in on-site recycling increased 4.2
million pounds between 1991 and 1996 (95% of the
overall increase). A gravure printer of catalogs,
World Color installed a press that was, at the time
288
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                                                Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
      150
      100
       50 -
      -50 -
     -100
         Recycled    Energy   Treated
          On-site   Recovery   On-site
                   On-site

            On-site Waste Management
Recycled    Energy   Treated           Quantity
 Off-site   Recovery   Off-site        Released On-
          Off-site                 and Off-site

   Off-site Waste Management
    Total
Production-
   related
   Waste
        Figure 8-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
                                Printing and Publishing (SIC Code 27)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
of installation, the largest gravure printing press in
the world. Consequently, the amount of recovered
ink solvent increased by one-third.

Quebecor Printing Memphis, Inc., in Glen Burnie,
Maryland (SIC code 2754), ranked first in
decreases with an overall 10.1 million-pound
decrease. Toluene reporting accounted for 95% of
the overall decrease. On-site recycling of toluene
decreased by 8.3 million pounds between 1991 and
1996. A printer of newspaper inserts, the facility
cited three reasons for the decrease: first, one press
was removed from operation, reducing production
capacity by approximately 20%; second, overall
production concurrently decreased; and third,
toluene content of ink solvent was reduced.
           Quebecor Printing Memphis, Inc., in Memphis,
           Tennessee (SIC code 2754), was second in
           decreases with an overall 5.9 million pound
           decrease. Toluene was responsible for 87% of the
           overall decrease. The facility contact stated that the
           primary reason for reductions in toluene reporting
           was a reduction in toluene content of the facility's
           ink solvent.

           Quebecor Printing, Inc., in Dickson, Tennessee
           (SIC code 2754), was third in decreases with an
           overall 5.2 million-pound decrease. Toluene
           accounted for 97% of the decrease. Although the
           facility contacts stated that this facility had
           undergone a production increase and improvements
           in their solvent recovery systems, the amount of
           toluene reported in on-site recycling decreased by
           5.0 million pounds between 1991 and  1996. Two
                                                                                                  289
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          Chapter 8 — TRI Data for Printing and Publishing
 reasons were cited for the reported decrease:
 Solvent formulation changed from 90% to 55%
 toluene, and modifications were made to estimation
 methodology. This facility also ranked as the top
 increaser in releases (see Facilities with Large
 Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996).

 Facilities Contacted for Explanations
 (alphabetical by facility):

    Brown Printing Company, Franklin, Kentucky:
    Roswell Dennison, September 28,1998
    (explanation provided)
    Maxwell Communication Corporation,
    Broadview, Illinois: Plant closure. No contact
    person available.
    Quad/Graphics, Inc., Lomira, Wisconsin: Jason
    Bowker, August 26,1998 and Tom Estock,
    August 27 and 28, 1998 (explanation provided)
    Quebecor Printing Memphis, Inc., Glen Burnie,
    Maryland: James Hunt, August 26,1998
    (explanation provided)
    Quebecor Printing Memphis, Inc., Memphis,
    Tennessee: Tom Brown, August 26, 1998
    (explanation provided)
    Quebecor Printing, Inc., Dickson, Tennessee:
    Donna Brown, October 13,1998 and Steve
    Prosser, October 15, 1998 (explanation
    provided)
Quebecor Printing, Richmond, Virginia:
Edward A. Hall, August 27, 1998 (explanation
provided)
R.R. Donnelly & Sons Company, Chicago,
Illinois: Dale Kalina, September 28, 1998
(explanation provided)
R.R. Donnelly & Sons Company, Gallatin,
Tennessee: R.O. Thigpen, October 13, 1998
(explanation provided)
R.R. Donnelly & Sons Company, Mattoon,
Illinois: Vicki Howell and Dale Kalina,
September 28, 1998 (explanation provided)
R.R. Donnelly & Sons Company, Warsaw,
Indiana: Debora Woodward, September 28,
1998 (explanation provided)
Standard Gravure Corporation, Louisville,
Kentucky: Plant closure. No contact person
available.
World Color Press, Inc., Dyersburg, Tennessee:
Rick Yarbrough, August 26, 1998 (explanation
provided)
World Color, Evans, Georgia: Rick Stuart,
October 13, 1998 (explanation provided)
290
-------
                                 Chapter 9
              Toxics Release Inventory Data
           for Rubber and Plastics Products
                             (SIC Code 30)
A Look at the Rubber and

Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Industry (SIC
Code 30)

The rubber and plastics products industry (SIC
code 30) manufactures miscellaneous products
from natural, synthetic, or reclaimed rubber or from
plastics resins. Box 9-1 lists Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) codes and their designations
for this sector. In TRI, SIC codes are given as
reported by the facilities; these may differ from
information in economic and other data collections.

Manufacturing activity in this sector is closely
related to work performed in other industrial
sectors. Plastics materials (resins) and synthetic
rubbers, which are important raw materials for this
sector, are classified as chemical products in SIC
code 28. Many products made of rubber and
plastics, from boats to buttons, are classified
elsewhere, based on the type of object or end use
rather than the material from which they are made.
This sector, SIC code 30, covers some types of
rubber and plastics products with end uses—for
example, tires, plastic bottles, and numerous other
products made from both kinds of materials. It also
makes semi-finished plastics (in the group
designated by SIC code 308)—shaped plastics
(rods or tubes, for example) or plastics plate or
sheet—that are used in manufacturing other
products. Plants that produce both the resins and
the plastics sheet or shapes are categorized in this
sector (in SIC code 308). Most miscellaneous
rubber products (SIC code 306) are used by other
sectors such as automobile manufacturing and
service industries like hospitals.

Manufacturers in the rubber and plastics products
sector produced shipments valued at $150.47
billion in 1996, up from $145.74 billion in 1995
(both in current dollars). Employment in this sector
has steadily increased over the last decade and was
just over 1.0 million in both years. The rubber and
plastics products sector has seen rapid growth in the
1990s. Only electrical equipment (SIC code 36),
which includes computer components such as
circuit boards, and industrial machinery (SIC code
35) expanded more rapidly. Rubber and plastics
products manufacturing increased by one third from
1989 to 1996, nearly twice the U.S. average for all
manufacturing (see Chapter 1, Table 1-10).
                                                                               291
-------
             Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
 Box 9-1. SIC Code 30, Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics Products:  Codes and Classifications
  SIC Code
                                                            Industry Description
  301    Tires and Inner Tubes
         3011   Tires and Inner Tubes
  302    Rubber and Plastics Footwear
         3021  Rubber and Plastics Footwear

  305    Gaskets, Packing, and Sealing Devices and Rubber
         and Plastics Hose and Belting
         3052  Rubber and Plastics Hose and Belting
         3053  Gaskets, Packing, and Sealing Devices
  306    Fabricated Rubber Products, nee*
         3061   Molded, Extruded, and Lathe-Cut Mechanical
                Rubber Goods
         3069   Fabricated Rubber Products, nee*
  308    Miscellaneous Plastics Products
         3081  Unsupported Plastics Rim and Sheet

         3082  Unsupported Plastics Profile Shapes
         3083  Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet, and Profile Shapes
         3084  Plastics Pipe
         3085  Plastics Bottles
         3086  Plastics Foam Products

         3087  Custom Compounding of Purchased Plastics Resins
         3088  Plastics Plumbing Fixtures
         3089  Plastics Products, nee*
Manufacture of pneumatic casings, inner tubes, and solid and cushion tires; tiring (in
continuous lengths); camelback for retreading, and tire repair and retreading
materials.
Manufacture of fabric upper footwear with rubber or plastics soles, and rubber and
plastics protective footwear.
Manufacture of rubber and plastics hose and belting, including garden hose.
Manufacture of gaskets, gasketing materials, compression packings, mold packings,
oil seals, and mechanical seals. Includes devices made of leather, rubber, metal,
asbestos, and plastics.
Manufacture of molded, extruded, and lathe-cut mechanical rubber goods (generally
parts for machinery and equipment).
Manufacture of industrial rubber goods, rubberized fabrics, vulcanized rubber
clothing, and miscellaneous rubber specialties and sundries. (Establishments
primarily engage in reclaiming rubber and rubber products.)
Manufacture of unsupported plastics film and sheet, including cellulosic plastics,
polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl, vinyl, and vinyl copolymer film
and sheet, and photographic, micrographic, and X-ray plastics sheet and film.
Manufacture of unsupported plastics profiles, rods, tubes, and other shapes.
Manufacture of laminated plastics plate, sheet, profiles, rods, and tubes.
Manufacture of plastics pipe.
Manufacture of plastics bottles.
Manufacture of plastics foam products, including cups, cushions, portable ice chests
or coolers, insulation and cushioning, packaging, plates, and shipping pads.
Custom compounding of purchased plastics resins.
Manufacture of plastics plumbing fixtures.
Manufacture of miscellaneous plastics products.
*n«c: noC elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
                                                             Sources
     Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987:
         Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and industry descriptions.
     U.S. Industry & Trade Outlook '98, DRLMcGraw Hill, Standard & Poor's, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
         International Trade Administration,  1998: economic analyses, also provides some information on environment and
         industrial processes for selected industries.
     U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufactures: Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries, M96(AS)-1,
         February 1998 : value of shipments and employment.
         Supplemental  data from U.S. Census Bureau  for some industries.
     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Office of Compliance, Profile
         of the Rubber  and Plastics Industry, Sector Notebook project, EPA/310-R-95-016, September 1995
         : industry processes and technologies, pollutant sources, and selected
         economic data.
292
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                                        Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
In 1996, miscellaneous plastics production (SIC
code 308, at the three-digit SIC code level)
represented three-quarters of the sector's
shipments, $112.62 billion, and three-quarters of
the sector's employment, 763,000 employees.
Among the industries producing rubber products,
two—tires and inner tubes (SIC code 301) and
miscellaneous fabricated rubber products (SIC
306)—each contributed more than $14 billion in
shipments. Employment in the miscellaneous
fabricated rubber products industry (122,000) was
about double that of the tire producers (65,000).

Plastics Products

Steps in making products out of plastics materials
vary. Generally, resins in the form of pellets,
granules, powders, sheets, fluids, or "preforms" are
molded into shapes or parts. Additives are common
and are used to influence characteristics such as
plasticity and brittleness, color, electrical
conductivity (to reduce electrostatic charges),
stability against the effects of heat or oxidation, and
others. Some plants use plastics pellets already
containing such additives, while others add them
on-site. Molding processes include injection,
extrusion, blow molding, thermoforming, rotational
molding, compression molding, casting, and
calendaring (squeezing or pressing). Foam plastics
undergo similar processes, but chemical blowing
agents, air, pressurized gases, or liquids that boil at
low temperatures are added to create the cellular
foam structures.

Generally, in the manufacture of plastics products,
solvent cleaning and finishing processes contribute
the bulk of the emissions of toxic substances to air.
Additives, including metals such as cadmium and
lead, may also be released during mixing or, under
conditions of high heat or pressure, in the molding
process. Plastics mixing processes are also a source
of styrene releases.
 Rubber Products

 Common processes in the manufacture of rubber
 products begin with mixing, which covers both
 mixing of polymers (raw and/or synthetic rubber),
 carbon black (filler), oils, and miscellaneous
 chemical aids or agents, and forming the rubber
 into preliminary sheets. Some plants purchase
 already mixed uncured rubber. Further steps in the
 process include milling the sheets in preparation for
 further processing; extruding and calendaring
 (squeezing through a press) into various shapes or
 thin sheets; building the rubber with reinforcing
 materials (wire, polyester, etc.) with or without
 adhesives; vulcanizing (or curing); and finishing by
 grinding, printing, washing, buffing, and other
 techniques.

 In the manufacture of rubber, air emissions of toxic
 chemicals occur primarily during preparation of
 mixing components and the building phase when
 reinforcing materials are added. Metals are
 common ingredients of the mixture, notably zinc
 compounds used as a processing aid, accelerator,
 activator, and/or age resistor.

 1996 TRI Data for  Rubber

 and Plastics  Products

 Table 9-1 summarizes TRI reporting by the rubber
 and plastics products sector for 1996. A total of
 3,747 forms were submitted in this sector. Of these,
9.2% were Form A certification statements,
certifying that a facility's total annual reportable
amount of a TRI chemical was less than 500
pounds for the year and that the facility did not
manufacture, process, or otherwise use more than  1
million pounds. (The Form A certification
statement is explained in Chapter 1.)
                                                                                            293
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           Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-1.  Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30
Total Total
On- and Productlon-
OIT-sitc related
Releases Waste
Rank Rank
7 8
14 14
9 1
10 10
13 12
3 5
8 3
15 15
5 7
16 16
17 17
2 4
12 13
4 9
1 2
6 6
11 11

SIC
Code
3011
3021
3052
3053
3061
3069
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089



Total
Industry Facilities
Number
Tires & Liner Tubes
Rubber & Plastics Footwear
Rubber & Plastics Hose & Belting
Gaskets, Packing & Sealing Devices
Mechanical Rubber Goods
Fabricated Rubber Products, nee*
Unsupported Plastics Film & Sheet
Unsupported Plastics Profile Shapes
Laminated Plastics Plate & Sheet
Plastics Pipe
Plastics Bottles
Plastics Foam Products
Custom Compound Purchased Resins
Plastics Plumbing Fixtures
Plastics Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 30
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 30
Total for SIC Code 30
66
8
57
36
41
233
59
28
43
10
6
248
141
137
547
114
50
1,824
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
205
31
129
79
102
476
160
41
110
15
6
521
361
164
952
321
74
3,747
5
0
0
11
7
27
20
8
2
3
2
46
89
3
75
40
5
343
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
2,407,553
862,298
2,421,054
1,755,563
859,124
7,526,188
4,401,792
224,329
7,049,707
168,265
295
30,821,332
609,229
7,939,095
31,987,488
5,576,293
1,182,000
105,791,605
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
2,577,771
32,454
1,103,615
112,935
140,274
1,804,432
62,365
21,317
6,707
0
0
462,972
480,614
29,880
2,564,966
1,183,557
33,827
10,617,686
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
4,985,324
894,752
3,524,669
1,868,498
999,398
9,330,620
4,464,157
245,646
7,056,414
168,265
295
31,284,304
1,089,843
7,968,975
34,552,454
6,759,850
1,215,827
116,409,291
Note: On-sUe Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 One quarter of all forms in this sector (952 forms)
 were submitted in the miscellaneous plastics
 products industry (SIC code 3089). Another 521
 came from the plastics foam products industry (SIC
 code 3086), and 476 from miscellaneous fabricated
 rubber products (SIC code 3069). Together, these
 three industries represented more than half of all
 forms in the sector.

 These were also the top industries for on- and off-
 site releases in this sector, which totaled 116.4
 million pounds, as shown in Table 9-1.
 Miscellaneous plastics products ranked first, with
 34.6 million pounds of total releases, followed by
 plastics  foam products with 31.3 million pounds.  In
 both cases, the great majority of the releases were
 reported on-site. No other industry in this sector
 totaled more than 10 million pounds in on- and off-
 site releases. Miscellaneous fabricated rubber
 products, which ranked third, had 9.3 million
 pounds. The same two industries that had the
largest total releases also had the largest amounts of
on-site releases, but plastics plumbing fixtures (SIC
code 3088) was third (with 7.9 million pounds) in
this category.

Tires and inner tubes (SIC code 3011) accounted
for the largest off-site releases (transfers to
disposal) with 2.58 million pounds, closely
followed by miscellaneous plastics products (SIC
code 3089) with 2.56 million pounds.
Miscellaneous fabricated rubber products (SIC
code 3069) was third with 1.8 million pounds.

For the most part, industries with large quantities of
production-related waste were different from those
with the largest releases. Production-related waste
in this sector totaled 369.8 million pounds in 1996.
The rubber and plastics hose and belting industry
(SIC code 3052) reported the largest amount, 97.8
million pounds. Miscellaneous plastics products
(SIC code 3089) was second with 72.9 million
 294
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                                           Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-1.  Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30, Continued
SIC
Code
3011
3021
3052
3053
3061
3069
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089



Industry
Tires & Inner Tubes
Rubber & Plastics Footwear
Rubber & Plastics Hose & Belting
Gaskets, Packing & Sealing Devices
Mechanical Rubber Goods
Fabricated Rubber Products, nee*
Unsupported Plastics Film & Sheet
Unsupported Plastics Profile Shapes
Laminated Plastics Plate & Sheet
Plastics Pipe
Plastics Bottles
Plastics Foam Products
Custom Compound Purchased Resins
Plastics Plumbing Fixtures
Plastics Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 30
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 30
Total for SIC Code 30
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
2,991,544
9,482
92,708,038
2,857,008
228,399
14,411,993
36,236,347
211,671
11,469,430
162,488
3,004
16,805,912
500,218
9
30,597,303
10,838,269
666,011
220,697,126
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
1,675,820
45,217
1,515,450
717,424
892,040
2,358,314
2,566,711
296,950
2,309,314
28,344
0
1,417,909
363,209
32,880
6,161,857
3,937,953
333,324
24,652,716
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
9,668,342
977,685
97,791,468
5,242,928
2,076,226
26,686,362
50,511,044
696,319
20,751,598
339,504
3,094
49,201,648
1,881,639
7,367,415
72,902,282
21,446,604
2,246,104
369,790,262
Non-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
0
0
614
7,012
1,532
6,755
3,070
110
1,300
0
0
85,257
16,650
2,511
531
5,900
0
131,242
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 pounds, and unsupported plastics film and sheet
 (SIC code 3081) was third with 50.5 million
 pounds. Although miscellaneous plastics also
 ranked high for releases (ranking first), the first and
 third industries for total production-related waste
 were ninth and eighth, respectively, for releases.

 The same three industries reported the largest other
 on-site waste management quantities: rubber and
 plastics hose and belting with 92.7 million pounds,
 unsupported plastics film and sheet second with
 36.2 million pounds, and miscellaneous plastics
 products third with 30.6 million pounds.
 Altogether, other on-site waste management totaled
 220.7 million pounds in SIC code 30.

 One facility in the rubber and plastics hose and
 belting industry (SIC code 3052) accounted for a
 great majority of the sector's on-site recycling,
 reporting 89.2 million pounds for lead compounds
 in 1996. This large amount similarly influenced the
 sector's data for on-site waste management and
total production-related waste. This facility has
made a substantial reduction in its on-site recycling
of this chemical since 1995, described in "Faculties
with Large Increases and Decreases in Waste
Management, 1991-1996" later in this chapter.

Miscellaneous plastics products (SIC code  3089)
reported 6.2 million pounds of transfers off-site for
further waste management, out of 24.7 million
pounds for the sector. This was the only category in
which facilities that reported more than one SIC
code in SIC code 30 to describe their
manufacturing activities ranked high. TRI forms in
this "multiple-code" category, explained below,
were second for transfers off-site for further waste
management with 3.9 million pounds. Unsupported
plastics film and sheet (SIC code 3081) was third
with 2.6 million pounds.
                                                                                                     295
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         Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 30

Some facilities in the rubber and plastics products
sector manufacture products in similar but distinct
categories, as designated in the Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) scheme. For example, a facility
may manufacture both rubber and plastics hose and
belting (SIC code 3052) and miscellaneous
fabricated rubber products (SIC code 3069).
Another facility may produce plastics foam
products (SIC code 3086) and miscellaneous
plastics products (SIC code 3089). Such facilities
may report multiple SIC codes on their TRI forms
to describe their operations. (Box  1-5 hi Chapter 1
further explains reporting of multiple SIC codes
and its affect on the analyses presented in the TRI
data release.)

In the rubber and plastics products sector, 321
forms were submitted hi  1996 with more than one
SIC code within SIC code 30, a little less than 10%
of the total forms submitted. Table 9-2 examines
TRI reporting from these forms. The most frequent
combination was custom compounding of
purchased resins (SIC code 3087) and
miscellaneous plastics products (SIC code 3089),
reported on 30 forms. Two combinations appeared
on 27 forms each. One such combination was
unsupported plastics film and sheet (SIC code
3081) and laminated plastics plate and sheet (SIC
code 3083), and the other combined miscellaneous
fabricated rubber products (SIC code 3069) and
miscellaneous plastics products (SIC code 3089).
The combination of miscellaneous fabricated
rubber products (SIC code 3069) and custom
compounding of purchased resins (SIC code 3087)
was reported on 26 forms.

The multiple-forms codes reported total on- and
off-site releases of 6.8 million pounds, other on-site
waste management of 10.8 million pounds,
transfers off-site for further waste management of
3.9 million pounds, and total production-related
waste of 21.4 million pounds. Forms reporting
gaskets, packing, and sealing devices (SIC code
3053) and mechanical rubber goods (SIC code
3061) reported the largest total on- and off-site
releases among multiple-codes groups in SIC code
30, with 1.6 million pounds. Forms reporting both
unsupported plastics film and sheet (SIC code
3081) and laminated plastics plate and sheet (SIC
code 3083) reported the largest total production-
related waste, with 5.9 million pounds. These data
are shown in Table 9-2.

On- and Off-site Releases

As shown in Table 9-3,  air emissions reported by
the rubber and plastics products sector totaled 105.3
million pounds, 90.5% of the sector's releases.
More than half the air emissions came from two
industries: miscellaneous plastics products (SIC
code 3089) with 31.8 million pounds and plastics
foam products (SIC code 3086) with 30.8 million
pounds. As noted in the discussion of chemicals
later in this chapter, the miscellaneous plastics
products industry reported air emissions primarily
of carbon disulfide and  styrene, while the plastics
foam industry reported large amounts of air emis-
sions of dichloromethane.

Other types of on-site releases in this sector were
much smaller, ranging from 398,000 pounds for
land releases (other than RCRA subtitle C landfills)
to 750 pounds for underground injection. Off-site
releases (transfers to disposal) were 10.6 million.
As noted above, tire manufacture (SIC code 3011)
and miscellaneous plastics products (SIC code
3089) each reported 2.6 million pounds of such
transfers. The bulk of the transfers to disposal by
the tire and inner tube industry consisted of zinc
compounds (2.3 million pounds). For the
miscellaneous plastics products industry, the
chemical with the largest transfers to disposal was
styrene (2.1 million pounds).
296
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                                            Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996:  Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30
SIC Codes
3011
3011
3020
3052
3052
3052
3052
3052
3052
3052
3052
3052
3053
3053
3053
3053
3053
3061
3061
3061
3061
3061
3069
3069
3069
3069
3079
3081
3081
3081
3081
3081
3081
3081
3081
3081
3082
3082
3082
3083
3083
3084
3086
3087
3087
3088
3088
30
3061 3069
3069
3061 3069
3053
3053 3061 3069
3061
3069
3069 3061 3089
3081 3087
3081 3089
3082
3087
3061
3061 3069
3069
3069 3082 3086 3089
3089
3069
3069 3089
3083
3086
3089
3079
3081
3087
3089
3088
3082 3083
3082 3083 3084 3086 3087
3083
3083 3086
3083 3089
3084
3087
3088
3089
3087
3087 3089
3089
3087
3089
3089
3089
3088
3089
3087 3089
3089
3079
Total for SIC Code 30
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
1
9
1
4
2
11
16
5
5
7
1
7
14
9
12
6
1
7
4
1
1
1
2
2
26
27
2
8
3
27
4
1
1
5
5
9
2
2
8
3
4
1
17
1
30
2
3
1
321
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
7
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
6
0
0
5
1
0
2
1
0
5
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
40
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
10
285
0
55,107
146
166,021
30,853
1,000
491
0
0
1,010
1,471,720
253,170
131,182
23,724
40
66,409
500
4,931
0
0
28,769
0
26,355
502,960
10,934
0
0
1,259,578
3,930
0
21,945
0
187,951
70,290
12,374
28,828
106,026
48,267
123,300
3,896
680,916
11,345
227,914
8,200
5,916
0
5,576,293
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
5,000
50,255
0
0
19,600
13,939
87,166
37,270
78,860
0
0
43,069
111,223
10,800
43,551
0
4,000
37,440
936
0
0
1,259
0
2,081
266,030
140,309
0
14,824
0
18,575
2,050
0
0
0
3,858
5,394
11,000
0
0
0
5,200
0
0
0
169,868
0
0
0
1,183,557
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off-site for
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
5,010
50,540
0
55,107
19,746
179,960
118,019
38,270
79,351
0
0
44,079
1,582,943
263,970
174,733
23,724
4,040
103,849
1,436
4,931
0
1,259
28,769
2,081
292,385
643,269
10,934
14,824
0
1,278,153
5,980
0
21,945
0
191,809
75,684
23,374
28,828
106,026
48,267
128,500
3,896
680,916
11,345
397,782
8,200
5,916
0
6,759,850
8,800
47,993
0
0
0
55,020
5,913
18,150
7,403
0
0
13,741
2,535,030
0
72,481
0
0
6,700
0
150,024
0
0
1,080
12,000
0
838,854
0
0
0
4,062,670
0
0
0
0
0
2,660,800
0
0
31,400
0
0
0
100
0
306,410
0
0
3,700
10,838,269
3,150
39,370
0
8,127
5
154,767
12,398
69,460
35
0
750
505
84,037
123,612
58,799
95,246
0
10,556
500
250
0
0
1,250
0
40,202
221,643
0
0
0
590,777
0
0
0
0
88,522
2,210,162
5,815
0
6,738
750
20,500
0
7,064
0
82,963
0
0
0
3,937,953
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
16,720
130,191
0
62,722
26,200
392,722
124,660
109,280
86,778
0
2,308
57,290
4,206,821
387,512
310,730
118,970
4,100
121,198
1,144
155,333
0
1,259
31,099
14,081
329,250
1,690,857
10,934
14,824
0
5,911,819
6,290
0
22,194
0
280,331
4,946,656
17,691
28,828
130,850
48,803
147,200
3,896
691,055
11,345
777,226
8,200
3,537
3,700
21,446,604
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
300
0
0
0
0
0
5,600
0
0
0
5,900
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases are transfers off-site to disposal
from Section 6 of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 of Form R. Total Production-related Waste sums
Section 8 of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Figure 9-1 illustrates the dominant role of air
emissions among all releases reported in this
sector. Figure 9-2 shows the distribution of on-
and off-site releases for the industries (four-digit
SIC code) with the sector's largest releases.
Other On-site Waste Management

Recycling was the largest category of other on-site
waste management for the rubber and plastics sector
in 1996. As shown in Table 9-4 and Figure 9-3,
                                                                                                        297
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           Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3039
3086
3039
JOSS
3013

3011
m\
3052
3033

3087
3061
3021
3082
3084
3085

Industry
Plastics Products, nee*
Ptttties Foam Products
Fabricated Rubber Products, nee*
Plastics Plumbing Fixtures
Laminated Plastics Plate & Sheet
Multiple within SIC Code 30
Tires & Inner Tubes
Unsupported Plastks Film & Sheet
Robber & Plaitks Hose £ Belting
Ga;le!s, Packing & Sealing Devices
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 30
Custom Compound Purchased Resins
Mechanical Rubber Goods
Rubber St. Plastics Footwear
Unsupported Plastics Profile Shapes
Piaite Pipe
Plastics Bottles
Total for SIC Code 30
Surface Underground Injection
Total Air Water Class I Class H-V
Emissions Discharges Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
31,788,725
30,803,210
7,469,029
7,939,090
7,045,193
5,549,123
2,377,898
4,399,070
2,380,117
1,751,700
1,181,998
574,133
801,424
862,298
224,187
168,265
295
105,315,755
4,479
5
4,222
0
100
1,815
10,439
216
6,020
18
2
299
200
0
0
0
0
27,815
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
24,819
0
21,336
0
0
2,763
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48,918
169,465
18,117
30,851
5
4,414
22,592
19,216
2,506
34,917
3,845
0
34,797
57,500
0
142
0
0
398,367
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
31,987,488
30,821,332
7,526,188
7,939,095
7,049,707
5,576,293
2,407,553
4,401,792
2,421,054
1,755,563
1,182,000
609,229
859,124
862,298
224,329
168,265
295
105,791,605
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
2,564,966
462,972
1,804,432
29,880
6,707
1,183,557
2,577,771
62,365
1,103,615
112,935
33,827
480,614
140,274
32,454
21,317
0
0
10,617,686
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
34,552,454
31,284,304
9,330,620
7,968,975
7,056,414
6,759,850
4,985,324
4,464,151
3,524,669
1,868,498
1,215,827
1,089,843
999,398
894,752
245,646
168,265
295
116,409,291
Nolc: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
     Other On-site
     Land Releases
         0.3%
                 Transfers Off-site
                    to Disposal
                      9.1%
                                          Air
                                         90.5%
                      UIJ, Class I Wells < 0.1%
                      UIJ, Class II-V Wells = 0%
                      RCRA Subtitle C Landfills < 0.1%
                      Surface Water < 0.1 %

     Figure 9-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site
      Releases, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products
                     (SIC Code 30)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from
Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. UU = underground
injection,
on-site recycling totaled 162.1 million pounds,
nearly three quarters of the on-site waste
management reported. More than half (55.7%) of
this amount, 90.3 million pounds, was reported in
the rubber and plastics hose and belting industry
(SIC code 3052), primarily by one facility as noted
above.

Other methods of on-site waste management had
considerably smaller amounts. Treatment totaled
39.0 million pounds, led by miscellaneous plastics
products (SIC code 3089) with 13.7 million pounds
and unsupported plastics film and sheet (SIC code
3081) with 12.9 million pounds. Energy recovery
on-site totaled 19.6 million pounds, and half of this
amount (10.6 million pounds) was reported by the
laminated plastics plate and sheet industry (SIC
code 3083).

Figure 9-4 illustrates the distribution of on-site
waste management reporting for the top industries
in this sector.
 298
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                                                Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
              40,000,000
              35,000,000-
              30,000,000 -
              25,000,000 -
            § 20,000,000-
            Q_
              15,000,000-
              10,000,000-
               5,000,000-
B Transfers Off-site to Disposal
• Other On-site Land Releases
m RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
D UIJ, Class II-V Wells
C3 UIJ, Class I Wells
(3 Surface Water
• Air
                         3089
                                  3086
                                          3069
                                                  3088
                                                           3083
                                                                   Mult.
                                                                           3011
                                                                                    3081
                                                                                            3052
                                                                                                    3053
                  Figure 9-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest
                       Releases, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal). UIJ = underground injection. Forms with
more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple" category.

Table 9-4.  TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3052
3081
3089
3086
3069
3083

3011
3053

3087
3061
3082
3084
3021
3085
3088

Industry
Rubber & Plastics Hose & Belting
Unsupported Plastics Film & Sheet
Plastics Products, nee*
Plastics Foam Products
Fabricated Rubber Products, nee*
Laminated Plastics Plate & Sheet
Multiple within SIC Code 30
Tires & Inner Tubes
Gaskets, Packing & Sealing Devices
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 30
Custom Compound Purchased Resins
Mechanical Rubber Goods
Unsupported Plastics Profile Shapes
Plastics Pipe
Rubber & Plastics Footwear
Plastics Bottles
Plastics Plumbing Fixtures
Total for SIC Code 30
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
90,279,770
20,224,009
14,554,683
16,044,545
9,896,971
283,746
5,331,123
2,113,611
2,439,515
60,458
479,925
209,772
135,030
0
9,482
0
0
162,062,640
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
787,943
3,153,847
2,335,531
0
1,713,342
10,561,479
150,024
720,000
0
175,977
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19,598,143
Treated
On-site
Pounds
1,640,325
12,858,491
13,707,089
761,367
2,801,680
624,205
5,357,122
157,933
417,493
429,576
20,293
18,627
76,641
162,488
0
3,004
9
39,036,343
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
92,708,038
36,236,347
30,597,303
16,805,912
14,411,993
11,469,430
10,838,269
2,991,544
2,857,008
666,011
500,218
228,399
211,671
162,488
9,482
3,004
9
220,697,126
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the
"multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                  299
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          Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 Transfers off-site for further waste management of
 24.7 million pounds represented a much smaller
 portion of all reporting in this industry than releases
 or other on-site waste management. As shown in
             Treated
             On-site
             17.7%
  Energy Recovery
     On-site
     8.9%
                                       Recycled
                                       On-site
                                        73.4%
    Figure 9-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste
        Management, 1996: Rubber and Plastics
               Products (SIC Code 30)
Note: Duta from Section 8 of Form R.
Table 9-5 and Figure 9-5, transfers off-site to
recycling were 11.8 million pounds, or 47.9% of
the total. Miscellaneous plastics products (SIC code
3089) accounted for 3.3 million pounds of the
transfers to recycling, and the group of TRI forms
with multiple SIC codes reported another 2.7
million pounds. Miscellaneous plastics products
also reported 2.0 million pounds transferred off-site
for energy recovery, out of the 6.8 million pounds
transferred off-site for energy recovery for the
entire sector.

Figure 9-6 illustrates the distribution of off-site
transfers for further waste management for the top
industries in this sector.


1996 TRI  Data by State  for

Rubber and  Plastics

Products

As shown in Table 9-6, 446 forms in this sector
came from Ohio, more than any other state. Indiana
              120.000,000
              100,000,000 -
               80,000,000
               60,000,000
              40,000,000
              20,000,000
                       3052
                              3081
                                    3089
                                          3086
                                                 3069
                                                       3083
                                                              Mult.
                                                                    3011
                                                                          3053
                                                                                Invalid
             Figure 9-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
                    Totals, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30)
Note: Other On-slte Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the
"multiple" category- Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "30" that do not exist in the current Standard Industrial Classification code system.
300
-------
                                             Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30
(in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3089

3081
3069
3083
3011
3052
3086
3061
3053
3087

'3082
3021
3088
3084
3085

Industry
Plastics Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 30
Unsupported Plastics Film & Sheet
Fabricated Rubber Products, nee*
Laminated Plastics Plate & Sheet
Tires & Inner Tubes
Rubber & Plastics Hose & Belting
Plastics Foam Products
Mechanical Rubber Goods
Gaskets, Packing & Sealing Devices
Custom Compound Purchased Resins
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 30
Unsupported Plastics Profile Shapes
Rubber & Plastics Footwear
Plastics Plumbing Fixtures
Plastics Pipe
Plastics Bottles
Total for SIC Code 30
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
3,252,620
2,692,165
667,460
673,825
410,798
1,355,478
1,248,573
667,830
112,872
154,946
140,106
184,039
196,056
25,107
16,806
18,602
0
11,817,283
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
2,008,938
795,630
1,177,872
816,899
719,163
94,155
227,971
216,941
41,495
396,149
96,007
121,394
3,957
20,110
4,265
9,742
0
6,750,688
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
511,302
409,304
668,145
325,838
242,441
188,299
26,685
527,181
21,510
164,785
48,525
3,141
21,106
0
•11,045
0
0
3,169,307
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
388,747
40,854
52,906
537,211
936,912
37,888
12,221
5,957
696,707
1,544
78,571
. 24,750
75,831
0
764
0
0
2,890,863
Total Off-site
Transfers
Other for Further
Off-site Waste
Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds
250
. 0
328
4,541
0
0
0
0
19,456
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
24,575
6,161,857
3,937,953
2,566,711
2,358,314
2,309,314
1,675,820
1,515,450
1,417,909
892,040
717,424
363,209
333,324
296,950
45,217
32,880
28,344
0
24,652,716
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple"
category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
             To POTWs
               11.7%
    To Treatment
       12.9%
        To Energy
        Recovery
         27.4%
                                         To Recycling
                                           47.9%
Other Off-site
Transfers = 0.1%
    Figure 9-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for
         Further Waste Management, 1996: Rubber
           and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30)
 Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6
 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers
 are transfers reported without a valid waste management code.
was second with 304, and two states had more than
200 forms each: Texas with 208 and Illinois with 203.

States with the largest on- and off-site releases were
Indiana with 12.7 million pounds and Tennessee
with 12.5 million pounds. Hlmois was third with
10.6 million pounds. The three accounted for a little
over 30% of total on-and off-site releases in the
rubber and plastics products sector.

By far the largest other on-site waste management
was reported in  Kansas: 102.4 million pounds or
46.4% of the total on-site waste management in this
sector. Kansas is the location of the facility with the
largest on-site recycling reported in this sector,
which accounted for 89.2 million pounds of the
on-site waste management reported in this sector.
The state with the second-largest reported amount
of on-site waste management was Kentucky with
14.5 million pounds, followed by three states with
more than 10 million pounds each: Florida, 10.7
                                                                                                           301
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          Chapter 9 — TRl Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
          7.000,000
          6,000,000 •
          5,000,000 •
          4,000,000-
          3,000,000-
          2,000,000 •
          1,000,000-
              • Other Off-site Transfers
              H To POTWs
              D To Treatment
              M To Energy Recovery
                To Recycling
                   3089
                          Mult.
                                  3081
                                         3069
                                                3083
                                                       3011
                                                              3052
                                                                     3086
                                                                            3061
                                                                                    3053
           Figure 9-6. TRl Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes
              with Largest Totals, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30)
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers repotted without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple"
category.
million pounds; Missouri, 10.4 million pounds; and
Texas, 10.3 million pounds.

Amounts transferred off-site for further waste
management were largest in Ohio, with 3.2 million
pounds and Arkansas with 2.9 million pounds. No
other state had more than 2 million pounds of such
transfers.

Total production-related waste was 103.9 million
pounds in Kansas, reflecting the large quantity of
on-site recycling by one facility. Indiana had 22.3
million pounds and Kentucky 17.3 million pounds.
Another 10 states had total production- related
waste of amounts ranging from 11 million to 16
million pounds, indicating the geographic diversity
of the sector.
Map 9-1 illustrates the geographic distribution of
total on- and off-site releases in the rubber and
plastics products sector.

1996  TRl  Data  by
Chemical for Rubber  and
Plastics Products

Air emissions were the primary release type for 13
of the top  15 chemicals for total on- and off-site
releases in this sector. This is consistent with the
role of air emissions in the rubber and plastics
products sector as a whole, as discussed above. As
shown in Table 9-7, more dichloromethane was
released to air in the rubber and plastics products
sector than any other chemical, with 24.9 million
pounds. This made dichloromethane the chemical
302
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                                                    Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30
State
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total for SIC Code 30
Total
Facilities
Number
29
24
30
89
14
18
8
49
65
1
96
125
30
21
35
8
7
13
40
74
38
32
50
12
6
11
46
3
39
98
3
186
18
18
90
7
13
46
4
72
113
7
2
39
17
12
65
1
1,824
Total
Forms
Number
65
41
84
169
21
33
13
70
120
1
203
304
45
49
65
16
13
25
91
135
58
57
103
35
15
25
101
4
72
198
3
446
39
23
174
10
31
121
7
161
208
17
4
92
32
23
124
1
3,747
Form As
Number
1
4
5
17
0
2
0
3
15
0
18
23
6
8
3
3
3
7
15
14
4
2
5
0
1
0
13
1
3
16
0
50
1
0
12
2
6
6
0
12
29
0
2
4
6
4
16
1
343
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
1,584,388
592,503
2,935,010
2,108,979
295,485
781,538
168,320
2,354,680
3,737,219
22,600
10,089,432
11,770,102
1,484,629
879,683
2,411,397
173,127
77,252
464,015
1,104,455
1,953,631
881,706
3,688,184
1,890,441
1,387,095
645,720
477,805
431,371
13,934
1,973,208
6,386,579
33,967
5,759,325
620,959
1,410,762
5,738,713
155,614
212,036
7,082,113
108,842
10,316,011
4,148,625
272,896
2,647
4,369,281
825,049
681,859
1,288,418
0
105,791,605
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
194,253
1,074
180,113
477,928
20,161
5,264
2,182
31,591
197,319
0
472,037
911,071
94,017
222,806
75,120
10
17,300
19,960
101,603
189,299
47,716
155,272
286,297
245,188
22,908
33,164
78,447
0
324,091
714,846
0
1,320,136
356,998
1,290
288,302
0
21,938
395,856
43,751
2,233,879
313,474
5,410
689
206,494
6,272
38,064
264,096
0
10,617,686
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off-site for
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
1,778,641
593,577
3,115,123
2,586,907
315,646
786,802
170,502
2,386,271
3,934,538
22,600
10,561,469
12,681,173
1,578,646
1,102,489
2,486,517
173,137
94,552
483,975
1,206,058
2,142,930
929,422
3,843,456
2,176,738
1,632,283
668,628
510,969
509,818
13,934
2,297,299
7,101,425
33,967
7,079,461
977,957
1,412,052
6,027,015
155,614
233,974
7,477,969
152,593
12,549,890
4,462,099
278,306
3,336
4,575,775
831,321
719,923
1,552,514
0
116,409,291
2,275,700
25
3,287,929
3,650,601
572,601
1,155,027
2,933,124
10,740,996
2,501,820
0
2,279,038
7,868,807
178,355
102,444,162
14,485,372
5
0
102,138
5,477,510
811,887
75,065
180,022
10,380,263
208,594
400
444,288
1,927,350
45,635
2,718,819
5,874,343
9,966
3,271,697
478,397
10,302
3,387,181
206,244
3,712,581
7,846,320
35,309
765,227
10,273,761
31,314
0
6,984,687
89,346
19,598
955,320
0
220,697,126
897,701
61,771
2,863,481
767,088
23,791
301,128
232,650
553,020
823,080
0
1,295,121
1,638,205
162,212
358,989
279,963
0
12,871
102,499
769,530
506,779
1,041,626
412,435
848,870
167,880
0
111,973
479,690
806
470,422
1,049,344
1,350
3,214,022
457,880
9,294
714,657
14,093
372,758
926,631
12,912
612,432
812,954
5,507
0
427,291
6,439
65,198
766,373
0
24,652,716
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
5,126,033
648,598
9,407,118
6,944,532
903,844
2,196,993
3,326,924
13,906,208
7,774,789
22,600
14,289,985
22,332,224
1,811,733
103,862,703
17,308,652
180,922
90,738
662,116
7,453,598
3,394,509
2,062,647
4,440,256
13,450,456
1,993,605
669,520
1,177,755
2,886,375
59,560
5,405,390
13,937,883
43,506
13,883,644
1,929,495
1,426,722
9,793,927
343,494
11,436,260
16,321,169
200,068
14,248,298
15,188,008
282,485
.3,335
11,954,289
918,311
790,987
3,297,998
0
369,790,262
2
0
5,410
3,588
0
65
9,500
1,320
7
0
7,012
50,010
0
0
1,426
0
1
0
0
16,650
0
0
1,532
614
0
300
2
0
0
43
0
5,650
0
2,511
340
500
2,978
6,200
0
300
112
0
0
15,168
1
0
0
0
131,242
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
                                                                                                                            303
-------
         Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
304
-------
                                         Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996:  Rubber and Plastics Products,
SIC Code 30 (in Rank Order)
CAS
Number
75-09-2
100-42-5
75-15-0
108-88-3
78-93-3
__
67-56-1
110-54-3
1330-20-7
1717-00-6

75-68-3

108-95-2
108-10-1
117-81-7
-


Chemical
Dichloromethane
Styrene
Carbon disulfide
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Zinc compounds
Methanol
n-Hexane
Xylene (mixed isomers)
1,1-DichIoro-l -fluoroethane
(HCFC-141b)
l-Chloro-l,l-difluoroethane
(HCFC-142b)
Phenol
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Glycol ethers
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 30
Surface Underground Injection
Total Air Water Class I Class II- V
Emissions Discharges Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
24,936,111
19,980,164
12,588,600
10,647,737
7,839,262
184,658
4,764,537
4,258,280
3,151,126
2,167,161

1,888,731

1,491,565
1,584,572
296,350
1,215,913
96,994,767
105,315,755
10
18
404
689
0
12,363
0
5
10
0

0

1,461
0
26
4,306
19,292
27,815
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0

0
0
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
0
23,500
0
3,212
0
9,474
0
0
0
0

0

0
0
250
0
36,436
48,918
1,162
144,214
0
0
0
69,408
77
0
0
5,353

0

4,576
0
57,512
15,269
297,571
398,367
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
24,937,283
20,147,896
12,589,004
10,651,638
7,839,262
275,903
4,764,614
4,258,285
3,151,136
2,172,514

1,888,731

1,497,602
1,584,572
354,138
1,235,488
97,348,066
105,791,605
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
5,274
2,318,865
0
33,262
34,619
4,810,788
697
2,750
200
123,439

0

96,094
250
1,154,421
81,921
8,662,580
10,617,686
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
24,942,557
22,466,761
12,589,004
10,684,900
7,873,881
5,086,691
4,765,311
4,261,035
3,151,336
2,295,953

1,888,731

1,593,696
1,584,822
1,508,559
1,317,409
106,010,646
116,409,291
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.
 with the largest on-site releases and the largest
 total on- and off-site releases. The largest
 industrial source of dichloromethane releases in
 this sector was the plastics foam products
 industry (SIC code 3086), with 23.3 million
 pounds. Dichloromethane serves as a blowing
 agent in production of plastics foam.

 Styrene ranked second in air emissions, on-site
 releases, off-site releases, and total releases; it
 also had the largest on-site land releases. Carbon
 disulfide ranked third for total releases, almost
 exclusively as air emissions These chemicals
 were reported in large amounts by producers of
 miscellaneous plastics products (SIC code 3089).
 This industry reported 10.2 million pounds of air
 emissions of styrene and 2.1 million pounds in
 off-site releases (transfers to disposal). Styrene is
 a component of many plastics production
 processes, including fiberglass. All reported
 releases of carbon disulfide in this sector
 originated in the miscellaneous plastics products
industry, although the chemical has uses in rubber
production as well.
Off-site releases (transfers to disposal) were led by
zinc compounds, with 4.8 million pounds. This was
also the chemical with the largest surface water
discharges (12,000 pounds). The manufacture of
rubber products often relies on zinc compounds for
several purposes, such as processing aid and
vulcanizing accelerator. Among the top 15 chemicals,
only zinc compounds and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
had off-site releases larger than on-site releases.

OSHA Carcinogens

In the rubber and plastics sector, on- and off-site
releases of chemicals designated as OSHA
carcinogens totaled 51.0 million pounds in 1996,  as
shown in Table 9-8. This represented 43.8% of all
releases in this sector. (OSHA carcinogens and the
bases for their designation appear in Box 1-9 in
Chapter  1.) Consistent with the pattern of releases in
                                                                                                   305
-------
          Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Rubber and Plastics
Products, SIC Code 30 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3086
3069
3063

3069
3083
30S2

3031
3037
301 1
3084
3053
3032
3061
3011


Industry
Ptetki Fotm Products
PMUKJ Products, ncc*
PbutiCJ PlumMns Fixtures
Muttlpte within SIC Code 30
Fabricated Rubber Products, nee*
Lantln*ted Plastics Pkte & Sheet
Rubber & Pkitfcs Hose & Belting
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 30
Unsupported Plutics Him & Sheet
Cunom Compound Purchased Resins
Tire* & Inner Tubes
Ptalki Pipe
Gistets, Packing & Sealing Devices
Umtipportcd Plastics Profile Shapes
Mechanical Rubber Goods
Rubber & Plutics Footwear
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 30
Surface Underground Injection
Total Air Water Class I Class II-V
Emissions Discharges Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
23,461,382
11,355,557
7,874,057
730,112
460,912
928,263
309,933
502,730
441,917
376,020
49,347
168,038
137,937
81,195
45,729
3,265
46,926,394
105,315,755
5
261
0
24
1
0
0
2
8
12
80
0
0
0
0
0
393
27,815
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
0
23,750
0
2,763
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26,513
48,918
1,681
166,174
5
11,250
750
204
25,292
0
5
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
205,369
398,367
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
23,463,068
11,545,742
7,874,062
744,149
461,663
928,467
335,225
502,732
441,930
376,040
49,427
168,038
137,937
81,195
45,729
3,265
47,158,669
105,791,605
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
25,488
2,090,712
29,880
497,397
581,194
1,590
300,584
11,877
3,019
66,132
184,722
0
0
15,719
255
5,292
3,813,861
10,617,686
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
23,488,556
13,636,454
7,903,942
1,241,546
1,042,857
930,057
635,809
514,609
444,949
442,172
234,149
168,038
137,937
96,914
45,984
8,557
50,972,530
116,409,291
Note: Oil-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
"ncc: not elsewhere classified
 this sector, 92.1% (46.9 million pounds) of these
 releases were air emissions.

 Plastics foam products (SIC code 3086) reported
 the largest total releases of the OSHA carcinogens,
 23.5 million pounds. The miscellaneous plastics
 products industry group (SIC code 3089) had 13.6
 million pounds, and plastics plumbing fixtures (SIC
 code 3088) reported 7.9 million pounds.

 The top two chemicals for total releases in this
 sector, dichloromethane and styrene, are both
 OSHA carcinogens. Total releases for these
 chemicals were 24.9 million pounds and 22.5
 million pounds, respectively (see Table 9-7).
 Releases of other OHSA carcinogens were reported
 in smaller amounts: One other TRI chemical among
 the top  15 chemicals released in this sector was an
 OSHA carcinogen. This was di-(2-ethylhexyl)
 phthalate (1.5 million pounds). The OSHA
 carcinogen with the next-largest releases was
 trichloroethylene (918,000 pounds).
Figure 9-7 shows the on- and off-site releases of the
four-digit SIC codes with the largest OSHA
carcinogen releases.

1996 TRI Chemicals in

Waste for Rubber  and

Plastics Products

Table 9-9 and Figure 9-8 present 1996 waste
management data for the industries in rubber and
plastics products manufacturing. Production-related
waste totaled 369.8 million pounds in 1996. The
industry within the sector with the largest on-site
waste management was rubber and plastics hose
and belting (SIC code 3052). Of the 97.8 million
pounds of production-related waste reported in this
industry, 90.3 million pounds was on-site recycling
and 89.2 million pounds of this was reported by one
facility, as noted throughout this chapter.
 306
-------
                                               Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
              25,000,000
              20,000,000
              15,000,000
            3
            O
            CL
              10,000,000
               5,000,000
n Transfers Off-site to Disposal
n Other On-site Land Releases
EJ RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
QUIJ, Class II-V Wells
HUIJ, Class I Wells
• Surface Water
                              3086
                                               3089
                                                               3088
                                                                                Mult
                                                                                                3069
          Figure 9-7.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
                    Largest Totals, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. UIJ = underground injection.
Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple" category.

Table 9-9.  Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30
(in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3052
3089
3081
3086
3069

3083
3011
3088
3053

3061
3087
3021
3082
3084
3085

Industry
Rubber & Plastics Hose & Belting
Plastics Products, nee*
Unsupported Plastics Film & Sheet
Plastics Foam Products
Fabricated Rubber Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 30
Laminated Plastics Plate & Sheet
Tires & Inner Tubes
Plastics Plumbing Fixtures
Gaskets, Packing & Sealing Devices
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 30
Mechanical Rubber Goods
Custom Compound Purchased Resins
Rubber & Plastics Footwear
Unsupported Plastics Profile Shapes
Plastics Pipe
Plastics Bottles
Total for SIC Code 30
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
90,279,770
14,554,683
20,224,009
16,044,545
9,896,971
5,331,123
283,746
2,113,611
0
2,439,515
60,458
209,772
479,925
9,482
135,030
0
0
162,062,640
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
787,943
2,335,531
3,153,847
0
1,713,342
150,024
10,561,479
720,000
0
0
175,977
0
0
0
0
0
0
19,598,143
Treated
On-site
Pounds
1,640,325
13,707,089
12,858,491
761,367
2,801,680
5,357,122
624,205
157,933
9
417,493
429,576
18,627
20,293
0
76,641
162,488
3,004
39,036,343
Recycled
Off -site
Pounds
1,229,184
4,295,212
7,756,166
625,037
648,956
2,660,942
409,539
1,432,541
30,246
153,477
169,553
122,392
99,481
25,057
196,056
12,502
0
19,866,341
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
224,936
2,753,857
1,309,195
188,526
1,003,320
808,657
644,381
94,785
4,040
395,304
121,212
37,163
95,437
47,208
3,957
0
0
7,731,978
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
34,841
873,325
780,433
492,523
906,867
399,799
1,184,040
74,106
10,857
54,232
40,941
722,847
138,908
0
95,669
0
0
5,809,388
Quantity
Released
On- and
Off-site
Pounds
3,594,469
34,382,585
4,428,903
31,089,650
9,715,226
6,738,937
7,044,208
5,075,366
7,322,263
1,782,907
1,248,387
965,425
1,047,595
895,938
188,966
164,514
90
115,685,429
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
97,791,468
72,902,282
50,511,044
49,201,648
26,686,362
21,446,604
20,751,598
9,668,342
7,367,415
5,242,928
2,246,104
2,076,226
1,881,639
977,685
696,319
339,504
3,094
369,790,262
614
531
3,070
85,257
6,755
5,900
1,300
0
2,511
7,012
0
1,532
16,650
0
110
0
0
131,242
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                  307
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           Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
  Quantity Released
      31.3%
   Off-site Waste
    Management
      9.0%
                                        On-site Waste
                                         Management
                                           59.7%
        Rgure 9-8. Distribution of TRI Production-
        related Waste, 1996: Rubber and Plastics
                Products (SIC Code 30}
Note: Da)a from Section 8 of Form R.
Other reporting of production-related waste was
somewhat more diverse. Miscellaneous plastics
products (SIC code 3089), which was second
overall, had the largest quantities treated on-site
(13.7 million pounds), sent off-site for energy
recovery (2.8 million pounds), and released on- and
off-site (34.4 million pounds). Producers of
laminated plastics plate and sheet (SIC code 3083)
reported the largest quantities of on-site energy
recovery (10.6 million pounds) and the largest
quantities treated off-site (1.2 million pounds).
Unsupported plastics film and sheet (SIC code
3081) was first for off-site recycling (7.8 million
pounds).

Distribution of production-related waste for the top
industries in  the sector appears in Figure 9-9.
    100%
    00%
    60%
    40%
    20%
                     H Quantity Released
                     • Treated Off-site
                     H Energy Recovery Off-site
                     D Recycled Off-site
                     ED Treated On-site
                     & Energy Recovery On-site
                     m Recycled On-site
          3052
                3089
                       3081
                              3086
                                    3069
                                           Mult.
                                                  3083
                                                        3011
                                                               3088
                                                                     3053
                 Figure 9-9. Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with
                  Largest Totals, 1996:  Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC Code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
308
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                                      Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
 Projected Quantities of TRI
 Chemicals in Waste

 Reported amounts on TRI forms filed for 1996 in
 the rubber and plastics products sector projected
 that total production-related waste would decrease
 by 90.0 million pounds, or nearly one fourth
 (24.3%), by reporting year 1998. As shown in
 Table 9-10, the largest percentage reduction,
 53.6%, was expected in on-site recycling; this
 would be a decrease of 86.8 million pounds. This
 reflects further reductions anticipated by the facility
 reporting the largest amount of on-site recycling.
 Table 9-10 shows current year and projected waste
 management data, and percentage changes  are
 illustrated in Figure 9-10. (As explained in Chapter
 1, facilities not only report current data but project
 waste management quantities for the next two years
 in their TRI submissions.)

 The quantity released on- and off-site was also
 projected to decline, by 16.9 million pounds or
 14.6%. Such releases constituted nearly one-third
 (31.3%) of total production-related waste in this
 sector in 1996. Despite the projected decrease,
 quantities released would form a larger proportion
 (35.3%) of production-related waste in 1998,
 because of the much larger drop in on-site
 recycling. This sector reports releasing a greater
 proportion of production-related waste than do
 many others.

 Increases were projected in most other types of
 waste management in this sector, although the
 quantities involved are smaller. In particular,
 on-site energy recovery and treatment were
projected to increase (by 10.0% and 27.4%,
respectively).

These projected changes suggest that the sector
 does not expect to improve its management of TRI
chemicals in waste, as measured against the waste
management hierarchy. In that hierarchy, as
explained in Chapter 1, recycling is the preferred
management option for waste that is not prevented
or cannot be prevented in the first place. The least
desirable option is releasing the chemical to the
environment. In these terms, projections in the
rubber and plastics products sector indicate that less
desirable performance is expected.

Source Reduction Activity

Of the 3,747 forms submitted in the rubber and
plastics products sector, 800 reported source
reduction activity during 1996. Table 9-11 shows
the number of forms and categories of source
reduction activity by four-digit SIC code. Rubber
and plastics footwear manufacturers (SIC code
3021) had the highest percentage (64.5%) of forms
indicating source reduction activity. In several
industries, 25% to 35% of the forms reported such
activities. Miscellaneous fabricated rubber products
(SIC code 3069) and miscellaneous plastics
products  (SIC code 3089), which accounted for a
substantial proportion of the sector's releases, had
about 21% of forms with source reduction activity.
Good operating practices was the category most
often reported (289 forms). Two others were also
cited on more than 200 forms each: raw material
modifications (241 forms) and process
modifications (207 forms). Such modifications
often represent more innovative pollution
prevention projects.

Year-to-Year

Comparisons  for  Rubber

and Plastics Products

1995-1996 TRI  Data for Rubber and
Plastics Products

Although the number of forms submitted in the
rubber and plastics products sector dropped 4.4%
from 1995 to 1996, the number of Form A
certification statements increased 15.9%, as shown
in Table 9-12. (The Form A certification statement
is explained in Chapter 1.) This may reflect more
widespread awareness of the Form A certification
statement in its second year of availability.
                                                                                         309
-------
          Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998: Rubber and Plastics Products,
SIC Code 30

Waste Management Activity
Qn-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Wtste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 30

Waste Management Activity

On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 30
Current Year 1996
Total Percent
Pounds of Total

162,062,640 43.8
19,598,143 5.3
39,036,343 10.6

19,866,341 5.4
7,731,978 2.1
5,809,388 1.6
115,685,429 31.3
369,790,262 100.0

Projected Change
1996-1997
Percent

-25.4
7.2
-10.8

3.3
3.5
-1.5
-8.2
-14.2

Projected 1997
Total Percent
Pounds of Total

120,820,121 38.1
21,003,772 6.6
34,802,671 11.0

20,526,534 6.5
8,003,170 2.5
5,723,015 1.8
106,222,829 33.5
317,102,112 100.0

Projected Change
1997-1998
Percent

-37.7
2.7
42.9

2.0
-6.0
4.1
-7.0
-11.8

Projected 1998
Total Percent
Pounds of Total

75,247,536 26.9
21,560,812 7.7
49,746,655 17.8

20,934,761 7.5
7,526,913 2.7
5,959,877 .21
98,793,085 35.3
279,769,639 100.0

Projected Change
1996-1998
Percent

-53.6
10.0
27.4

5.4
-2.7
2.6
-14.6
-24.3

Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
 On- and Off-site Releases

 Releases on- and off-site decreased by 8.5% from
 1995 to 1996, a decrease of 10.8 million pounds
 (see Table 9-12). This was largely the result of a
 corresponding decrease in air emissions (8.3%, or
 9.5 million pounds), as would be expected with air
 emissions playing such a dominant role in the
 sector's releases. The reduction in releases to air
came about equally from fugitive (4.8 million
pounds) and point (4.7 million pounds) sources.

Off-site releases (transfers to disposal) decreased
10.6%, or 1.3 million pounds. Other release types
showed large percentage changes, as illustrated in
Figure 9-11, but these represent smaller absolute
amounts. On-site land releases increased 46.7%, or
142,000 pounds.
 310
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                                              Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
                -40
                         On-site Waste
                         Management
Off-site Waste
 Management
Quantity Released
  On-and Off-site
Total Production-
  related Waste
              Figure 9-10.  Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in
                     Waste, 1996-1998:  Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30)
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.

Table 9-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activities
SIC
Code

3011
3021
3052
3053
3061
3069
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089



Industry

Tires & Inner Tubes
Rubber & Plastics Footwear
Rubber & Plastics Hose & Belting
Gaskets, Packing & Sealing Devices
Mechanical Rubber Goods
Fabricated Rubber Products, nee*
Unsupported Plastics Film & Sheet
Unsupported Plastics Profile Shapes
Laminated Plastics Plate & Sheet
Plastics Pipe
Plastics Bottles
Plastics Foam Products
Custom Compound Purchased Resins
Plastics Plumbing Fixtures
Plastics Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 30
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 30
Total for SIC Code 30
Total
Forms
Number
205
31
129
79
102
476
160
41
110
15
6
521
361
164
952
321
74
3,747
Good
Category of Source Reduction Activity
Raw Surface
Spill Material Process Cleaning Preparation Product
Percent of Operating Inventory and Leak Modifi- Modifi- and and Modifi-
AII Forms Practices Control Prevention cations cations Degreasing Finishing cations
Number
29
20
26
20
26
99
50
14
29
0
0
101
53
26
205
78
24
800
Percent
14.1
64.5
20.2
25.3
25.5
20.8
31.3
34.1
26.4
0.0
0.0
19.4
14.7
15.9
21.5
24.3
32.4
21.4
Number Number Number Number Number
8
16
11
7
12
34
13
4
6
0
0
17
24
6
87
35
9
289
4
1
4
2
7
15
4
1
3
0
0
5
4
0
16
2
2
70
5
0
2
1
1
6
14
1
3
0
0
8
5
0
23
19
0
88
7
4
5
6
2
18
10
5
6
0
0
58
24
10
55
26
5
241
7
0
7
4
5
29
7
4
16
0
0
22
7
10
63
22
4
207
Number
0
0
1
1
4
5
4
0
9
0
0
6
1
2
16
2
6
57
Number Number
2
0
2
1
6
13
1
4
2
0
0
7
0
8
24
8
9
87
1
0
7
0
0
13
11
2
3
0
0
8
8
2
10
7
2
74
Note: Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                            311
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             Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for
Further Waste Management, 1995-1996: Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1995
Number
1,881
3,921
3,625
296
Pounds

114,827,334
32,349,396
82,477,938
152,593
5
304,898
115,284,830

11,883,163
127,167,993

311,405,281
21,703,785
47,308,429
380,417,495

19,534,871
7,541,660
3,042,927
2,684,018
13,156
32,816,632

1996
Number
1,824
3,747
3,404
343
Pounds

105,315,755
27,540,757
77,774,998
27,815
750
447,285
105,791,605

10,617,686
116,409,291

162,062,640
19,598,143
39,036,343
220,697,126

11,817,283
6,750,688
3,169,307
2,890,863
24,575
24,652,716
Change
1995 to 1996
Percent
-3.0
-4.4
-6.1
15.9
Percent

-8.3
-14.9
-5.7
-81.8
14,900.0
46.7
-8.2

-10.6
-8.5

-48.0
-9.7
-17.5
-42.0

-39.5
-10.5
4.2
7.7
86.8
-24.9
Note: On-sile Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste
Management from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of
Form R. Breakdown of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code.
 312
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                                        Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
                                                                        Underground Injection > 14,000%
      -100
                                        Surface
                                         Water
           On-site
           Land
           Releases
 Transfers
  Off-site
to Disposal
            Figure 9-11.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:
                            Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995.
 Other On-site Waste Management

 Table 9-12 also shows the changes from 1995 to
 1996 in other on-site waste management for the
 rubber and plastics products sector. The largest
 change occurred in on-site recycling, which
 decreased by nearly half (48.0%, or 149.3 million
 pounds). This change was attributable to one
 facility that recorded a large reduction in on-site
 recycling of lead compounds, as discussed in
 "Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in
 Waste Management, 1991-1996" later in this
 chapter.

 On-site energy recovery and treatment also
 declined and, overall, other on-site waste
 management decreased 42.0% (159.7 million
 pounds) in the rubber and plastics products sector
 for 1995-1996.
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

As with releases and other on-site waste
management, transfers off-site for further waste
management decreased from 1995 to 1996 in this
sector. As shown in Table 9-12, the net decrease
was 24.9%, or 8.2 million pounds. Transfers to
recycling decreased by 39.5%, or 7.7 million
pounds. A smaller reduction occurred in transfers to
energy recovery, while the other off-site transfer
types showed small increases.

Changes in SIC Codes

As indicated in facility descriptions below, some
facilities report different SIC codes over time. This
may reflect new or discontinued lines of
production, or it may represent a different
                                                                                                 313
-------
          Chapter 9 — TRl Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
 understanding of how SIC code designations relate
 to a facility's business activities. These changes can
 contribute—sometimes largely—to apparent
 increases or decreases across comparison years in
 the amounts reported by the four-digit, or even
 two-digit, SIC codes.

 1988-1996 TRl Data for Rubber and
 Plastics Products

 As explained in Chapter 1, comparisons from the
 1988 TRl baseline year to the current year rely on
 the list of "core" TRl chemicals that were
 reportable, with the same reporting definition, in all
 years. These multi-year comparisons also review
 only the data elements that were collected in all
 years, which excludes from this section any
 analysis that distinguishes RCRA subtitle C
 landfills from other land releases as well as analysis
 based on the types of underground injection wells.
 On-site waste management data and transfers off-
 site to recycling and to energy recovery have been
 collected only since 1991; these data are included,
 but cannot be compared across the full 1988-1996
 period.

 From 1988 to 1996, reporting of on- and off-site
 releases of the "core" chemicals fell  by one third
 (33.4%) in this sector. This was a decrease of 53.0
 million pounds. In both percentage and pounds, the
 largest reduction occurred hi air emissions, 35.1%
 or 51.4 million pounds. All release types decreased
 over the period except for on-site land releases.
 These data appear in Table 9-13. Figure 9-12
 presents the percentage changes by release type.

 On-site waste management and transfers off=site for
 recycling or energy recovery were not collected in
 1988. For the 1994-1996 period, all of these
categories showed decreases except on-site
treatment. The largest reduction, in both pounds
and percentage, occurred in on-site recycling,
which decreased from 302.3 million pounds  to
 160.1 million pounds, or 47.1%; again this relates
largely to  a single facility.
For categories reported across the full 1988-1996
comparison period, transfers off-site to treatment
decreased 69.9%, or 6.4 million pounds, while
transfers to POTWs decreased 58.8%, or 777,000
pounds.

The number of forms filed in this sector increased
1.3% from 1988 to 1996, in contrast to the trend
across all sectors. This is because submissions hi
rubber and plastics manufacturing showed a larger
increase in the early years of TRl than was the case
for all sectors taken together.

As noted early in this chapter, this sector has
experienced pronounced growth through the 1990s.
Decreases in releases, other on-site waste
management, and transfers off-site for further waste
management since 1988 were accomplished even as
facilities expanded their production  capacity and
new facilities came on line.

1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in
Rubber and Plastics Products

Tables 9-14 through 9-16 summarize data for  1988
and 1994-1996 for industries at the four-digit SIC
code level within SIC code 30. The  tables present,
respectively, on- and off-site releases, other on-site
waste management, and transfers off-site for further
waste management.

On- and Off-site Releases

The industry in the rubber and plastics products
sector with the largest decrease in on-and off-site
releases from 1988 to 1996 was miscellaneous
fabricated rubber products (SIC code 3069). This
industry's releases decreased 18.3 million pounds
(67.5%). Forms that reported multiple SIC codes
(explained earlier in this chapter) had total releases
that decreased 6.4 million pounds (50.4%) during
the comparison period. The industry with the third
largest decrease was tires and inner tubes (SIC code
3011), with a 2.2-million-pound decrease (42.4%).
These were all primarily reductions  in air
emissions.
314
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                                                    Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-13.  Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for
Further Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1988
Number
1,469
3,096
3,096
NA
Pounds

146,353,851
40,654,046
105,699,805
30,931
754
157,087
146,542,623

11,771,176
158,313,799

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
9,188,124
1,320,533
393,879
NA

1994
Number
1,801
3,393
3,393
NA
Pounds

113,133,962
31,044,869
82,089,093
42,778
0
100,670
113,277,410

12,184,698
125,462,108

302,332,267
20,534,873
26,464,963
349,332,103

20,925,490
8,122,891
3,172,773
1,014,507
1,628
33,237,289

1995
Number
1,743
. 3,292
3,069
223
Pounds

103,465,289
26,883,985
76,581,304
20,830
0
221,298
103,707,417

11,057,941
114,765,358

309,823,629
20,417,428
24,941,008
355,182,065

19,021,069
7,262,452
2,737,189
708,699
11,510
29,740,919

1996
Number
1,672
3,136
2,871
265
Pounds

94,964,378
23,286,889
71,677,489
22,374
750
390,070
95,377,572

9,980,619
105,358,191

160,059,514
16,035,103
28,022,460
204,117,077

11,407,263
6,417,186
2,763,945
543,666
24,575
21,156,635
Change
1988 to 1996
Percent
13.8
1.3
-7.3
NA
Percent

-35.1
-42.7
-32.2
-27.7
-0.5
148.3
-34.9

-15.2
-33.4

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
-69.9
-58.8
-93.8
NA
 Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
 On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste Management
 from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown
 of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996. For 1994-1996, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
 waste management code. For 1988, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code or codes not required to be reported in
 1988. NA:  not required to be reported in that year.
                                                                                                                            315
-------
          Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
      200
      150-
      100-
       50
      -SO
                                   Surface
                                    Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
 Disposal
                  Figure 9-12.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases,
                       1988-1996: Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30)
Note: Docs not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-sitc Land Releases not required before 1996.
Three industries had increases in total releases of
more than 5 million pounds: plastics foam products
(SIC code 3086) with a 13.9-miUion-pound
increase (109.0%), plastics plumbing fixtures (SIC
code 3088) with 6.9 million pounds (649.7%), and
miscellaneous plastics products (SIC code 3089)
with 5.2 million pounds (18.3%). For producers of
foam products and plumbing fixtures, the net
increase arose largely from air emissions. For
miscellaneous plastics products, much of the
increase occurred in air emissions and, to a lesser
extent, in off-site releases (transfers to disposal).
However, air emissions in the miscellaneous
plastics products industry have been decreasing
over the last few years.
     Table 9-14 provides release data for all four-digit
     SIC codes in the rubber and plastics products
     sector, for 1988-1996.

     Other On-site Waste Management

     Rubber and plastics hose and belting (SIC code
     3052) had the largest decrease hi other on-site
     waste management since 1994 (on-site waste
     management data were not collected in 1988). This
     was a decrease of 130.7 million pounds, or 58.5%,
     which occurred principally in on-site recycling by
     one facility.  Miscellaneous plastics products (SIC
     code 3089) was second with a decrease of 11.4
     million pounds, or 36.7%, and miscellaneous
316
-------
                                                  Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Rubber and Plastics Products,
SIC Code 30
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3011



3021



3052



3053



3061



3069



3081


3082


3083



3084



Industry
Tires & Inner Tubes



Rubber & Plastics Footwear



Rubber & Plastics Hose & Belting



Gaskets, Packing & Sealing Devices



Mechanical Rubber Goods



Fabricated Rubber Products, nee*



Unsupported Plastics Film & Sheet


Unsupported Plastics Profile Shapes


Laminated Plastics Plate & Sheet



Plastics Pipe



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
584,906
1,123,874
826,009
2,359,703
117,085
455,407
788,702
519,633
2,305,262
3,755,431
4,453,582
3,639,811
1,751,200
2,704,014
2,450,376
2,059,523
622,656
1,214,946
946,943
1,074,138
7,068,784
7,438,648
9,827,764
24,999,605
3,112,811
4,089,280
3,990,569
5,022,185
156,782
167,244
429,897
249,046
6,902,178
6,538,683
5,862,201
3,476,023
168,265
163,264
142,769
428,021
10,424
5,590
21,672
4,293
0
0
0
0
2,570
3,270
3,335
181
18
11
250
0
200
363
343
500
4,182
2,131
8,525
1,831
216
339
932
1,229
0
0
0
250
100
878
47
6,022
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
19,216
5,980
23,835
11,600
0
0
0
0
34,917
16,993
15,749
0
3,845
59,270
6,634
2,980
17,000
24,524
2,402
90
52,187
12,141
14,230
24,061
2,506
5
5
16
142
0
0
0
4,414
0
0
0
0
500
186
0
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
614,546
1,135,444
871,516
2,375,596
117,085
455,407
788,702
519,633
2,342,749
3,775,694
4,472,666
3,639,992
1,755,063
2,763,295
2,457,260
2,062,503
639,856
1,239,833
949,688
1,074,728
7,125,903
7,452,920
9,850,519
25,025,497
3,115,533
4,089,624
3,991,506
5,023,430
156,924
167,244
429,897
249,296
6,906,692
6,539,561
5,862,248
3,482,045
168,265
163,764
142,955
428,021
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
2,413,943
2,541,382
2,503,522
2,880,185
32,454
36,712
97,991
119,439
1,084,819
1,454,455
1,065,625
551,309
112,935
146,389
1,478,375
182,741
139,519
122,675
129,626
151,235
1,702,753
1,926,605
1,718,523
2,111,784
60,165
55,061
90,649
12,586
21,317
30,541
39,819
41,756
6,707
12,496
101,639
41,673
0
0
10
0
3,028,489
3,676,826
3,375,038
5,255,781
149,539
492,119
886,693
639,072
3,427,568
5,230,149
5,538,291
4,191,301
1,867,998
2,909,684
3,935,635
2,245,244
779,375
1,362,508
1,079,314
1,225,963
8,828,656
9,379,525
11,569,042
27,137,281
3,175,698
4,144,685
4,082,155
5,036,016
178,241
197,785
469,716
291,052
6,913,399
6,552,057
5,963,887
3,523,718
168,265
163,764
142,965
428,021
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                      317
-------
           Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Rubber and Plastics Products,
SIC Code 30, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code Industry
3085



3086



3087



3088



3089















Pitttics Bottles



Plastics Foam Products



Custom Compound Purchased Resins



Plastics Plumbing fixtures



Plastics Products, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 30



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 30



Total for SIC Code 30



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
43
40,538
61,698
No reports received
26,441,137
29,167,192
31,502,444
12,629,819
546,267
657,336
693,834
631,258
7,937,848
6,063,461
6,047,988
1,009,024
31,101,057
31,460,169
35,683,564
27,377,729
5,131,332
6,630,193
7,111,753
12,362,467
1,016,765
1,795,609
2,313,869
48,515,866
94,964,378
103,465,289
113,133,962
146,353,851
0
0
0

5
34
316
250
299
334
566
291
0
0
0
0
2,558
1,066
1,711
3,682
1,800
5,797
4,131
5,654
2
1,017
950
6,748
22,374
20,830
42,778
30,931
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
750
0
0
754
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0

1,402
12,300
16,570
20,530
34,797
0
1,000
0
5
0
0
0
194,284
59,645
2,510
16,250
25,355
29,323
17,019
411
0
617
530
81,149
390,070
221,298
100,670
157,087
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
43
40,538
61,698

26,442,544
29,179,526
31,519,330
12,650,599
581,363
657,670
695,400
631,553
7,937,853
6,063,461
6,047,988
1,009,024
31,297,899
31,520,880
35,687,785
27,397,661
5,158,487
6,665,313
7,132,903
12,368,532
1,016,767
1,797,243
2,315,349
48,604,513
95,377,572
103,707,417
113,277,410
146,542,623
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
0
0
1

299,546
189,001
140,452
141,903
443,171
594,140
562,133
484,355
29,880
3,985
1,960
53,819
2,427,833
2,393,548
2,822,201
1,105,345
1,171,750
1,170,942
879,070
387,910
33,827
380,009
553,102
3,505,136
9,980,619
11,057,941
12,184,698
11,771,176
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
43
40,538
61,699

26,742,090
29,368,527
31,659,782
12,792,502
1,024,534
1,251,810
1,257,533
1,115,908
7,967,733
6,067,446
6,049,948
1,062,843
33,725,732
33,914,428
38,509,986
28,503,006
6,330,237
7,836,255
8,011,973
12,756,442
1,050,594
2,177,252
2,868,451
52,109,649
105,358,191
114,765,358
125,462,108
158,313,799
Note: On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-
-------
                                               Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Rubber and Plastics
Products, SIC Code 30
SIC
Code
3011



3021



3052



3053



3061



3069



3081



3082



3083



3084



3085



Industry
Tires & Inner Tubes



Rubber & Plastics Footwear



Rubber & Plastics Hose & Belting



Gaskets, Packing & Sealing Devices



Mechanical Rubber Goods



Fabricated Rubber Products, nee*



Unsupported Plastics Film & Sheet



Unsupported Plastics Profile Shapes



Laminated Plastics Plate & Sheet



Plastics Pipe



Plastics Bottles



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
1,707,402
1,646,885
1,621,487
NA
9,482
7,312
45,982
NA
90,279,390
245,208,725
220,969,274
NA
2,439,515
860,529
780,720
NA
39,272
53,577
30,763
NA
9,888,481
8,856,566
14,238,234
NA
20,224,009
14,347,977
15,176,365
NA
105,992
96,000
102,000
NA
274,242
74,411
2,286,769
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
No reports received
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
144,000
4,100
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
787,943
1,015,326
961,735
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,702,203
2,518,948
2,082,377
NA
1,230,647
1,803,702
954,973
NA
0
0
0
NA
9,508,778
10,859,976
10,766,061
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0

Treated
On-site
Pounds
109,376
336,130
141,804
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,539,301
1,354,889
1,333,147
NA
270,973
253,582
172,995
NA
18,627
91,850
19,216
NA
2,628,716
4,500,930
7,330,923
NA
12,849,891
9,443,727
8,298,044
NA
76,641
0
43,360
NA
401,500
566,604
583,409
NA
162,488
93,689
166,934
NA
0
0
0

Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
1,960,778
1,987,115
1,763,291
NA
9,482
7,312
45,982
NA
92,606,634
247,578,940
223,264,156
NA
2,710,488
1,114,111
953,715
NA
57,899
145,427
49,979
NA
14,219,400
15,876,444
23,651,534
NA
34,304,547
25,595,406
24,429,382
NA
182,633
96,000
145,360
NA
10,184,520
11,500,991
13,636,239
NA
162,488
93,689
166,934
NA
0
0
0

Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                319
-------
           Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Rubber and Plastics
Products, SIC Code 30, Continued
SIC
Code
3086



3087



3088



3089















Industry
Phstics Foam Products



Custom Compound Purchased Resins



Plastics Plumbing Fixtures



Plistics Products, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 30



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 30



Total for SIC Code 30



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
16,037,717
15,042,171
16,428,257
NA
479,925
288,966
537,291
NA
0
0
0
NA
13,220,502
17,106,755
23,593,710
NA
5,293,327
5,978,664
6,093,975
NA
60,258
255,091
427,440
NA
160,059,514
309,823,629
302,332,267
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
3,792
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
2,335,531
1,976,312
2,686,778
NA
150,024
2,123,044
2,996,441
NA
175,977
112,228
86,508
NA
16,035,103
20,417,428
20,534,873
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
692,093
168,471
626,574
NA
18,336
34,525
63,631
NA
9
0
2,880
NA
4,083,014
4,197,626
4,763,502
NA
4,961,919
3,387,282
2,383,742
NA
209,576
511,703
534,802
NA
28,022,460
24,941,008
26,464,963
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
16,729,810
15,214,434
17,054,831
NA
498,261
323,491
600,922
NA
9
0
2,880
NA
19,639,047
23,280,693
31,043,990
NA
10,405,270
11,488,990
11,474,158
NA
445,811
879,022
1,048,750
NA
204,117,077
355,182,065
349,332,103
NA
Note: Da!» from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified
 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 Producers of unsupported plastics film and sheet
 (SIC code 3081) recorded the largest reduction in
 transfers off-site for further waste management
 since 1994 (data for some types of off-site transfers
 were not collected in 1988). This  was a net
 decrease of 5.4 million pounds, or 68.3%,
 attributable to off-site recycling. (However, this
 industry also had the largest increase in other
 on-site waste management.)

 Miscellaneous plastics products (SIC code 3089)
 reported a decrease of 3.7 million pounds (39.3%);
decreases in all off-site transfer types contributed to
this figure. The industry with the third largest
decrease, rubber and plastics hose and belting (SIC
code 3052), had a reduction of 1.3 million pounds
(45.9%), due almost entirely to a decrease in off-
site recycling.

The largest increase was reported in the laminated
plastics plate and sheet sector (SIC code 3083):
584,000 pounds, or 79.9%. Transfers to recycling
and to energy recovery accounted for this figure.
No other industry had an increase of more than
300,000 pounds from 1994-1996.
 320
-------
                                        Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-16 provides data for transfers off-site for
further waste management for the four-digit SIC
codes in SIC code 30.

Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
in Releases,  1988-1996

Devro-Teepak, Inc., in Danville, Illinois (SIC code
3079 in 1988 and 3089 in 1996), ranked first in
increase of releases with an overall increase of 1.8
million pounds. Carbon disulfide accounted for
100% of the increase because it was the only
chemical this facility reported to TRI in 1988 and
1996. This facility manufactures cellophane tubing
used for shaping food products such as hot dogs
and sausages. Early in the tube-making process,
carbon disulfide is reacted with wood pulp and the
mixture is dissolved in dilute caustic. Later in the
process, the carbon disulfide is stripped off of the
tubing and much of it leaves the plant through
point-source air emissions. A fire closed the plant
in 1987. Consequently, carbon disulfide emissions
were low in  1988 because production was low. The
facility returned to full capacity before the 1996
reporting year.

The second-ranked facility was Texas Recreation
Corporation in Wichita Falls, Texas (did not report
in 1988, SIC code 3086 in 1996). Approximately
half of this facility's 1.5 million-pound increase in
releases was due to fugitive air emissions of methyl
ethyl ketone (MEK). Texas Recreation
manufactures foam leisure products. A coating
process for this product line involves the use of
MEK as a solvent. The Wichita Falls facility came
into operation in 1988, and the product line in
which MEK is used was not initiated until after the
1988 reporting year.

Third was Sequentia, Inc., in Grand Junction,
Tennessee (SIC code 3089), with a 1.5 million-
pound increase. The facility manufactures
fiberglass-reinforced plastic panels. Scrap material
is sent off-site to a landfill. The scrap material
contains styrene, which is used in the production of
polyester resin. Styrene reporting accounts for 99%
of the facility's increase. TRI reporting guidance
materials such as the EPA document Estimating
Chemical Releases From Rubber Production and
Compounding (EPA 560/4-88-004q) were brought
to the attention of Sequentia staff at a 1991 waste
management seminar hosted by the University of
Tennessee. The facility attributes the increase in
reported releases to a better understanding of
reporting requirements and improved estimation
methods as a result of attending the seminar.

International Paper in Hampton, South Carolina
(SIC 3079 in 1988 and 3083 in 1996), had the
largest reduction in releases with a 3.0 million-
pound decrease. A 2.6 million-pound reduction in
methanol point-source air emissions accounted for
87% of the decrease. The facility's largest
production line is decorative laminate. The facility
has been engineering methanol out of the
formulation of a resin used in laminate production.
The reason for the reformulation, according to
International Paper, is to reduce methanol
emissions.

3M of Nevada, Missouri (SIC code 3081), was
second in decreases with an overall release
reduction of 2.5 million pounds. 3M uses xylene
(mixed isomers) as a solvent in the manufacture of
plastic adhesive film. Fugitive and point-source air
emissions of xylene were reduced by a combined
1.3 million pounds after the facility installed two
thermal oxidizers. Reduced xylene emissions
account for over 50%  of this facility's overall
decrease in releases between the comparison years.

Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company in Lincoln,
Nebraska (SIC code 3041 in 1988 and 3052 in
1996), was third in decreases with an overall
reduction of 2.3 million pounds. Reduction in
toluene point-source air emissions was the primary
reason for the change. A material substitution was
made for toluene, a processing aid in the
manufacture of belts and hoses for industrial
applications and automobiles.
                                                                                              321
-------
             Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Rubber and
Plastics Products, SIC Code 30
SIC
Code
3011



ami



3052



3053



3061



3069



3081



3082



3083



3084



3085



Industry
Tires & hner Tubes



Rubber & Plastics Footwear



Rubber & Plastics Hose & Belting



Gaskets, Packing & Scaling Devices



Mechanical Rubber Goods



Fabricated Rubber Products, nee*



Unsupported Plastics Rim & Sheet



Unsupported Plastics Profile Shapes



Laminated Plastics Plate & Sheet



Plastics Pipe



Plastics Bottles



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
1,216,761
1,240,574
1,158,886
NA
25,107
16,117
17,816
NA
1,248,573
1,676,681
2,536,317
NA
154,946
178,222
711,683
NA
82,172
104,958
108,310
NA
654,661
517,884
526,360
NA
667,460
6,381,041
6,476,366
NA
196,056
0
0
NA
398,201
308,420
38,449
NA
18,602
23,310
42,051
NA
0
0
0
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
63,839
11,986
11,137
NA
19,860
64,390
136,205
NA
227,970
210,051
203,813
NA
396,149
457,857
483,293
NA
41,495
68,874
58,257
NA
798,807
957,216
1,139,487
NA
1,128,972
738,275
709,421
NA
3,957
3,584
71,404
NA
674,186
338,683
437,588
NA
9,742
9,411
8,018
NA
0
0
1,797
167,252
244,277
201,264
194,739
0
3,613
3,011
23,894
23,831
58,947
34,369
60,252
159,835
89,432
49,659
153,965
19,510
26,146
25,458
50,751
304,889
266,977
245,663
1,420,284
668,005
668,583
634,162
430,027
21,106
10,900
10,010
9,772
242,441
142,408
253,008
158,752
0
11,480
2,796
0
0
0
0
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
37,205
18,532
19,317
13,310
0
0
0
0
11,944
18,841
19,484
41,185
1,544
1,195
143,483
6,470
8,297
6,000
3,247
253
35,657
70,497
152,583
240,942
52,741
45,914
117,399
10,221
250
53
15
250
0
22,802
1,660
21,712
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Off-site Further Waste
Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds
0
500
250
600
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
42,008
0
0
0
0
19,456
250
0
0
4,541
0
0
19,723
328
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10,010
0
348
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,485,057
1,515,869
1,390,854
NA
44,967
84,120
157,032
NA
1,512,318
1,964,520
2,793,983
NA
712,474
726,706
1,388,118
NA
170,930
206,228
195,272
NA
1,798,555
1,812,574
2,064,093
NA
2,517,506
7,833,813
7,937,348
NA
221,369
14,537
81,429
NA
1,314,828
822,323
730,705
NA
28,344
44,201
52,865
NA
0
0
1,797
No reports received
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple"
category.
* nee: not elsewhere classified.
 322
-------
                                             Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Rubber and
Plastics Products, SIC Code 30, Continued
SIC
Code Industry
3086 Plastics Foam Products



3087 Custom Compound Purchased Resins



3088 Plastics Plumbing Fixtures



3089 Plastics Products, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 30



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 30



Total for SIC Code 30



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
653,239
559,708
617,478
NA
87,106
82,565
801,329
NA
16,806
35,362
22,933
NA
3,130,826
5,084,815
5,156,475
NA
2,672,708
2,526,569
2,513,984
NA
184,039
284,843
197,053
NA
11,407,263
19,021,069
20,925,490
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
151,161
168,181
81,175
NA
82,399
55,015
75,849
NA
4,265
8,804
11,103
NA
1,971,271
2,780,599
3,185,434
NA
722,469
1,075,967
930,746
NA
120,644
313,559
578,164
NA
6,417,186
7,262,452
8,122,891
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
305,714
155,574
131,902
218,503
40,454
74,828
43,722
74,194
8,534
2,696
14,699
29,726
392,120
304,777
692,522
802,439
409,140
646,667
793,249
1,469,877
1,114
29,884
37,279
4,090,949
2,763,945
2,737,189
3,172,773
9,188,124
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
5,957
279
316
5
78,571
60,790
54,528
53,128
764
5
5
0
281,292
445,765
475,160
379,224
28,694
13,255
19,351
64,440
750
4,771
7,959
489,393
543,666
708,699
1,014,507
1,320,533
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Off-site Further Waste
Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
3,500
0
0
0
38,039
0
750
0
0
250
0
1,378
82,477
0
0
0
64,113
0
0
0
143,071
24,575
11,510
1,628
393,879
1,116,071
883,742
830,871
NA
288,530
273,198
975,428
NA
30,369
47,617
48,740
NA
5,775,759
8,615,956
9,510,969
NA
3,833,011
4,262,458
4,257,330
NA
306,547
633,057
820,455
NA
21,156,635
29,740,919
33,237,289
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 30 are assigned to the "multiple"
category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 Goodyear attributes its toluene reduction to
 participation in EPA's 33/50 Program.

 Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
 Releases, 1988-1996

 In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
 large apparent increases and decreases, which have
 been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
Because these are errors or plant closures and not
actual changes in the data, these facilities are not
discussed in detail here. There is one such facility
in the rubber and plastics products sector:

    Pioneer Plastics Corporation, Wisconsin
    Rapids, Wisconsin, decrease of 2.6 million
    pounds, plant closure.
                                                                                                         323
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          Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
 1991-1996 Waste Management Data
 for Rubber and Plastics Products

 Table 9-17 summarizes on- and off-site waste
 management data for the rubber and plastics
 products sector for 1991, when TRI began
 collecting this information, and the three most
 recent years (1994-1996). Total production-related
 waste decreased 26.0% from 1991-1996, with an
 even larger percentage decrease (32.0%) from
 1995-1996. As noted, one facility accounted for
 much of this change. Since 1991, total
 production-related waste decreased 118.8 million
 pounds. This represents the net reduction for the
 period, despite an increase in the early years.
 Without the one facility that has substantially
 reduced its on-site recycling, the sector's waste
 management data would still show a decrease (31.1
 million pounds) from 1991 to 1996. This net
 reduction has been accomplished despite increases
 in production throughout those years.

 From 1991 to 1996, two areas showed increases.
 On-site treatment rose from 16.8 million pounds in
 1991 to 28.0 million pounds in 1996, a 66.5%
 increase. Off-site recycling was 14.0 million
 pounds in 1991 and 19.5 million pounds in 1996, a
 39.6% increase. Total off-site waste management
 increased 3.8 million pounds, from 26.3 million
 pounds to 30.1 million  pounds (a 14.6% increase)
 for 1991-1996, driven by the 5.5 million-pound
 increase in off-site recycling.

 The quantity released on- and off-site  decreased
 39.5 million pounds (27.4%), from 144.2 million
 pounds in 1991 to 104.7 million pounds in 1996.

 Figure 9-13 illustrates the percentage changes in
 on-site and off-site waste management types.

 These data present a somewhat mixed picture in
 relation to the waste management hierarchy
 (explained in Chapter 1). As noted, one facility
 reported large quantities of on-site recycling as well
 as a large reduction hi those quantities from 1991 to
 1996. For the rest of the sector, on-site recycling
 quantities (excluding data from that one facility)
 fluctuated from year to year. Off-site recycling
 increased over the 1991-1996 period. Taken
 together, the quantities for on-site recycling and
 off-site recycling show that the sector's use of
 recycling to manage production-related waste
 varied from year to year. Under the waste
 management hierarchy, recycling is the preferred
 option for TRI chemicals in waste that cannot be
 prevented. At the same time, although the
 quantities released showed decreases, on-site
 treatment rose. In terms of the hierarchy, treatment
 is the least preferable option except for release or
 disposal of the waste quantities. Thus, there is no
 evident trend in this sector toward the
 environmentally preferable waste management
 options.

 Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
 in Waste Management. 1991-1996

 Component Technologies, Inc., in Palmetto, Florida
 (did not report in 1991, SIC code 3081 in 1996),
 had the biggest increase in production-related
 waste. All of this facility's increase was  accounted
 for by on-site recycling of methyl ethyl ketone
 (MEK). For this chemical, 9.6 million pounds were
 reported as recycled on-site in 1996, and there were
 no data reported in 1991. The facility did not begin
 operation until 1992. The facility uses methyl ethyl
 ketone as a solvent in audio cassette tape coating
 operations. One of the coatings produced is a
 polyester-based film used to line the inside of the
 tape housing. The other coating is applied to leader
 tape. MEK recovered from the coating operations is
 recycled and reused.

 Toray Plastics America, Inc., in North Kingstown,
 Rhode Island (SIC code 3081), ranked second with
 an overall increase of 5.3 million pounds. The
 facility had a 5.0 million-pound increase in the
amount of ethylene glycol reported as recycled off-
 site. Ethylene glycol is the by-product of a process
for making a polyester resin. The resin is used in
the manufacture of film for the video industry. This
facility went into production in 1990 and did not
324
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                                                Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Table 9-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996:  Rubber and Plastics Products, SIC Code 30
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
- Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
1991
Pounds
251,766,231
18,651,762
16,831,797
287,249,790
13,952,872
8,511,402
3,786,766
26,251,040
144,161,844
457,662,674
337,557
Change
1994-1995
Percent
2.5
-0.6
-5.8
1.7
-10.8
-10.6
-9.9
-10.7
-12.3
-2.7
-25.5
1994
Pounds
302,339,767
20,534,873
26,464,963
349,339,603
20,881,773
8,186,142
4,143,715
33,211,630
129,408,647
511,959,880
441,514
Change
1995-1996
Percent
-48.3
-21.5
12.4
-42.5
4.6
0.0
-11.6
1.4
-7.8
-32.0
-72.4
1995
Pounds
309,831,983
20,417,428
24,941,008
355,190,419
18,621,438
7,314,903
3,734,712
29,671,053
113,504,064
498,365,536
328,849
Change
1991-1996
Percent
-36.4
-14.0
66.5
-28.9
39.6
-14.1
-12.8
14.6
-27.4
-26.0
-73.1
1996
Pounds
160,065,614
16,035,103
28,022,520
204,123,237
19,472,557
7,314,920
3,303,301
30,090,778
104,655,240
338,869,255
90,906








Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
                                                                                                                 325
-------
          Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
        200
         150-
         100
            Recycled    Energy   Treated
             On-slta   Recoveiy   On-site
                     On-Site

              On-site Waste Management
Recycled    Energy   Treated         Quantity
 Off-site   Recovery   Off-site      Released On-
         Off-site               and Off-site

  Off-site Waste Management
    Total
Production-
   related
   Waste
        Figure 9-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
                            Rubber and Plastics Products (SIC Code 30)
Note: Does not Include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulraric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
reach production capacity until 1991. Between
 1991 and 1995, the facility doubled in size.
Increased efficiency in ethylene glycol recovery
and production capacity are cited by Toray Plastics
as the reasons for the change in reporting.

Ranked third is Wilsonart International in Temple,
Texas (SIC code 3083), with an increase of 4.8
million pounds. Over 90% of the increase is
accounted for by methanol reported as on-site
energy recovery. Wilsonart produces laminated
plastic countertop and flooring. Methanol is used as
a solvent in the laminate production process. It is
recovered from paper impregnated with phenolic
resin before the material goes through a heated
pressing cycle. The recovered methanol is then
used as a fuel in boilers that generate steam for the
pressing cycle. The facility attributes the increase to
two factors: a significant production increase and a
change in estimation methods. Methanol data were
          formerly calculated by engineering estimates. Now
          they are based on empirical data.

          First in decreases was Gates Rubber Company in
          lola, Kansas (SIC code 3052), with an overall
          reduction of 87.7 million pounds. This plant, which
          manufactures hydraulic hose, used lead molds to
          form the hose. After the forming process, the lead
          mold was stripped off of the hose, recycled on-site,
          and reused in the same process. Replacing the lead
          molds with plastic molds resulted in an 87.7
          million-pound reduction in reported on-site
          recycling for 1991-1996. This facility's on-site
          recycling of lead compounds actually increased
          from 1991 to  1995, reaching a peak of 243.7
          million pounds. However, a reduction of 154.5
          million pounds occurred in the last year. The
          changeover began in 1995 and was completed in
          1997. The facility estimates that there will be no
          on-site recycling of lead compounds by 1998.
326
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                                        Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
Flexel, Inc., in Tecranseh, Kansas (SIC code 3089),
ranked second in decreases with an overall
reduction of 13.2 million pounds. Over 60% of the
reduction was due to a decrease in the amount of
carbon disulfide reported as recycled on-site. The
facility changed ownership since the  1996 reporting
year and is now called UCB. Carbon disulfide is
used as a reactant in the manufacture of cellophane
packaging film. Regenerated carbon disulfide is
partially recoverable and this is recycled and reused
in the process. A 7.2 million-pound decrease in on-
recycling of carbon disulfide was the result of a
change in the interpretation of how to report carbon
disulfide in this category, according to the facility
contact.1

Wilsonart International in Fletcher, North Carolina
(SIC code 3083), ranked third in decreases with a
total change of 3.9 million pounds. The plant
produces the same product lines as the Wilsonart
facility in Temple, Texas (ranked third for increases
in production-related waste). The two plants have
very similar operations, according to the contact.
The Fletcher facility reported a 3.8 million-pound
reduction in on-site energy recovery of methanol,
accounting for 99% of the overall decrease. The
change is due to improved estimation methods.
Like the Temple facility, TRI reporting at the
Fletcher plant is now based on empirical data rather
than engineering estimates.

Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
Production-Related Waste, 1991-1996

In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
large apparent increases and decreases, which have
been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
Because these are errors or plant closures and not
actual changes in the data, these facilities are not
discussed in detail here. There are two such
facilities in the rubber and plastics products sector:

   Huntsman Packaging Corporation, Merced,
   California, decrease of 5.3 million pounds,
   reporting error.
   Spaulding Composites Company, Inc.,
   Tonawanda, New York, decrease of 5.5 million
   pounds, plant closure.

Facilities Contacted for Explanations
(alphabetical by facility):

   3M, Nevada, Missouri: Roy E. Fletchall, July
   22,1998 (explanation provided)
   Component Technologies, Inc., Palmetto,
   Florida: Susan Shively, July 22,1998
   (explanation provided)
   Devro-Teepak, Inc., Danville, Illinois: John R.
   Ramsey, July 22,1998 (explanation provided)
   Flexel, Inc., Tecumseh, Kansas: Richard J.
   Kieffer, July 31,1998 (explanation provided)
   Gates Rubber Company, lola, Kansas: Don
   Jones, July 22, 1998 (explanation provided)
   Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Lincoln,
   Nebraska: Michael L. Hedberg, August 5, 1998
   (explanation provided)
   Huntsman Packaging Corporation, Merced,
   California: Bill Fitzwater, July 30, 1998
   (explanation provided)
   International Paper, Hampton, South Carolina:
   David L. Clampitt, August 3,1998 (explanation
   provided)
   Pioneer Plastics Corp., Wisconsin Rapids,
   Wisconsin, Paul Fazio (Auburn, Maine), July
   22,1998 (explanation provided)
1  There are no TRI regulatory definitions of recycling.
   Facilities may use their own interpretations for purposes of
   reporting to TRI. Changes in these interpretations do not
   represent a change in guidance by EPA on how to report
   recycling.
                                                                                                327
-------
         Chapter 9 — TRI Data for Rubber and Plastics Products
    Sequentia, Inc., Grand Junction, Tennessee:
    John Smith, July 22 and 28,1998 (explanation
    provided)
    Spaulding Composites Company, Inc.,
    Tonawanda, New York: Ronald Juhre, July 22,
    1998 (explanation provided)
    Texas Recreation Corp., Wichita Falls, Texas:
    Don Badgwell, July 29,1998 (explanation
    provided)
Toray Plastics America, Inc., North Kingstown,
Rhode Island: Bronwyn Boyle, July 22,1998
(explanation provided)
Wilsonart International, Temple, Texas, and
Fletcher, North Carolina: Paul Maxwell, July 28
and August 11,1998 (explanation provided)
328
-------
                                Chapter 10
           Toxics Release Inventory Data  for
               Leather and Leather Products
                             (SIC Code 31)
A Look at the  Leather and

Leather Products  Industry

(SIC Code 31)

The leather and leather products industry (SIC code
31) engages in tanning, currying, and finishing
hides and skins. This sector manufactures finished
leather and artificial leather products. Some
products of this sector, such as handbags, billfolds,
and card cases, may be made of leather or non-
leather materials. Box 10-1 lists Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) codes and their designations
for this sector. In TRI, SIC codes are given as
reported by the facilities; these may differ from
information in economic and other data collections.

The leather and leather products sector is the
United States' smallest manufacturing sector, with
shipments valued at $9.31 billion in 1996, up from
$9.16 billion in 1995 (both in current dollars). This
was one-quarter of one percent (0.25%) of the U.S.
total value of manufacturing shipments. Although
the sector's value of shipments increased from
1995 to 1996, employment decreased from 86,000
in 1995 to 77,000 in 1996. The leather and leather
products sector experienced the sharpest economic
decline of all U.S. manufacturing sectors in the
1990s. Production in this sector dropped 28.5%
from 1989 to 1996, while production levels for all
U.S. manufacturing increased 17.6% (see Chapter
1, Table 1-10).

Manufacturing of shoes (footwear, SIC code 314)
generated the largest part of the sector's value of
shipments ($3.61 billion) and employment (37,000)
in 1996. Men's footwear (SIC code 3143)
contributed the bulk of this activity, with shipments
of $2.43 billion and employment of 19,000. The
leather tanning and finishing industry (SIC code
311) shipped products valued at $3.13 billion and
employed 15,000 in 1996. Production volume in
the U.S. leather tanning and finishing industry is
tied primarily to meat consumption. In contrast,  the
manufacture of leather products, such as shoes, is
labor-intensive and strongly influenced by
international trade.

Leather production begins at the time of slaughter,
when hides are cured with dry salt or brine and
(usually) held in cold storage. "Beamhouse"
operations rehydrate the hides, remove curing salt,
and apply lime (with alkaline additives) to remove
                                                                                329
-------
                              TV?/ Data for Leather and Leather Products
 Box 10-1. SIC Code 31, Leather and Leather Products:  Codes and Classifications
  SIC Code
                                                            Industry Description
  311    Leather Tanning and Finishing
         3111  Leather Tanning and Finishing

  313    Boot and Shoe Cut Stock and Findings
         3131  Boot and Shoe Cut Stock and Findings

  314    Footwear, Except Rubber
         3142  House Slippers
         3143  Men's Footwear, Except Athletic
         3144  Women's Footwear, Except Athletic
         3149  Footwear, Except Rubber, nee*

  315    Leather Gloves and Mittens
         3151  Leather Gloves and Mittens

  31<»    Luggage
         3161  Luggage
Tanning, currying, and finishing hides and skins into leather. Purchasing hides and
skins for processing into leather on a contract basis by others.
Manufacture of leather soles, inner soles, and other boot and shoe cut stock and
findings. (Includes manufacture of finished heels, whether leather or wood).
 Manufacture of house slippers of leather or other materials.
 Production of men's footwear designed primarily for dress, street, and work.
 Production of women's footwear designed primarily for dress, street, and work.
 Production of miscellaneous shoes, such as misses', youths', boys', children's, and
 infants' footwear and athletic footwear.
Manufacture of dress, semidress, and work gloves exclusively of leather or leather
with lining of other material.
Manufacture of luggage out of leather or other materials.
  317    Handbags and Other Personal Leather Goods
        3171  Women's Handbags and Purses                    Manufacture of women's handbags and purses of leather or other materials, except
                                                           precious metal.
        3172  Personal Leather Goods, Except Women's Handbags   Manufacture of small articles normally carried on the person or in a handbag, such as
              and Purses                                     billfolds, key cases, and coin purses of leather or other materials, except precious
                                                           metal.
  319    Leather Goods, ncc*
        3199  Leather Goods, nee*                             Manufacture of miscellaneous leather goods, such as saddlery, harnesses, whips,
                                                           embossed leather goods, leather desk sets, razor strops, and leather belting.
*nccs not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
                                                            Sources
    Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987:
        Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and industry descriptions.
    U.S. Industry & Trade Outlook '98, DRIMcGraw Hill, Standard & Poor's, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
        International Trade Administration, 1998: economic analyses, also provides some information on environment and
        industrial processes for selected industries.
    U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufactures: Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries, M96(AS)-1,
        February 1998 : value of shipments and employment.
        Supplemental data from U.S. Census Bureau  for some industries.
    McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 8th ed., 1997: industry processes and technologies.
330
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                                     Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
hair and/or epidermal tissue. Hides and skins may
require degreasing; for most leathers, this process is
aqueous, but for sheepskin, hydrocarbon solvents
are used.

One important tanning process is chromium
tannage. The tanning material consists of one-third
basic chromic sulfate, accounting for the
prevalence of chromium compounds in this sector's
TRI reporting. Masking chemicals (often sodium
formate) are used to moderate the leather's uptake
of trivalent chromium. Tanneries also use enzymes
to condition the grain, deliming salts, and pickling
acid (a sodium chloride brine with sulfuric acid).
Chromium tannage produces "chrome-in-the-blue
stock" or "blue stock," named for the color of the
resulting product. Manufacturers of leather
products may purchase wet "blue stock" and finish
the leather themselves.

An alternative to chromium tannage is vegetable
tannage, involving polyphenolic extracts from bark
and wood. Vegetable tannage is used for about 10%
of leather production, especially leathers intended
for shoe soles, insoles, belting, straps, and specialty
products.

Tanneries next split the hides into grain and "blue
drop"; the latter is usually used for suede. A three-
part process follows: retannage, coloring, and fat
liquoring. Hides and skins  may undergo a second
trivalent chromium tannage, natural vegetable
tannage, or one of a variety of organic synthetic
tannage processes. Coloring agents may be acidic,
basic, direct, or reactive. In fat liquoring, tanneries
lubricate the hides with oil emulsions, most often
using marine or vegetable oils. A single tannery
may have available hundreds of formulas for
retannage, coloring, and fat liquoring, intended to
produce a wide range of characteristics in leathers
of various types and qualities.
X
The last stages of leather tanning are drying and
finishing. Dried leather may be milled or flexed  for
suppleness and buffed with abrasives. Finishing
coats consist of film-forming binder polymers,
colorant (dye or pigment), carrier, and additives for
adhesion. Many finishes are water-based, but
lacquer top-coatings are also used. Repeated
applications are common. Those who purchase
tanned and finished leather may also apply further
finishing steps in the course of manufacturing
leather products.

1996  TRI  Data for  Leather

and Leather Products

Table 10-1 summarizes TRI reporting by the
leather and leather products sector for 1996. The
sector submitted 223 forms in 1996. Of these, 14
were Form A certification statements, certifying
that a facility's total annual reportable amount of a
TRI chemical was less than 500 pounds for the year
and that the facility did not manufacture, process,
or otherwise use more than 1 million pounds. (The
Form A certification statement is explained in
Chapter 1.)

The leather tanning and finishing industry (SIC
code 3111) submitted the largest number of forms
in this  sector in 1996: 166 forms, or 74.4% of the
sector's total. Men's footwear (SIC code 3143)
submitted 16 forms, and miscellaneous footwear
(SIC code 3149) submitted 15. These were 7.2%
and 6.7%, respectively, of the total number of
forms in leather and leather products.

The leather tanning and finishing industry (SIC
code 3111) reported the large majority of the
sector's releases and waste management, as shown
in Table 10-1. This industry reported 2.0 million
pounds of on-site releases, which was 73.7% of the
sector's total of 2.7 million pounds, and almost all
(99.2%) of the sector's 1.5 million pounds of off-
site releases (transfers to disposal). The leather
tanning and finishing industry's total on- and off-
site releases of 3.5 million pounds amounted to
82.9% of the sector's total of 4.2 million pounds.
                                                                                             331
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           Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
Table 10-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31
Total
Total





On- and Production-
OfT-sltc
Releases
Rank
1
7
2
5
3
4
6

related
Waste
Rank
1
7
2
6
3
4
5

SIC
Code

3111
3131
3143
3144
3149




Industry

Leather Tanning & Finishing
Footwear Cut Stock
Men's Footwear, Except Athletic
Women's Footwear, Except Athletic
Footwear, Except Rubber, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 31
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 31
Total for SIC Code 31
Total
Facilities
Number
54
1
12
3
10
5
4
89
Total
Forms
Number
166
1
16
3
15
11
11
223

Form As
Number
9
0
1
0
4
0
0
14

Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
2,002,032
250
238,641
29,683
221,391
221,614
1,453
2,715,064

Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
1,514,336
0
24
0
9,058
0
3,407
1,526,825
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
3,516,368
250
238,665
29,683
230,449
221,614
4,860
4,241,889
Note: On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
(0 disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 31 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 Three industries reported approximately 5% each of
 the sector's total on- and off-site releases. These
 were men's footwear (SIC code 3143) with 239,000
 pounds, miscellaneous footwear (SIC code 3149)
 with 230,000 pounds, and the group of forms that
 reported multiple SIC codes in SIC code 31 with
 222,000 pounds. In all three cases, the majority of
 the releases were reported as on-site releases. The
 miscellaneous footwear industry (SIC code 3149)
 ranked second (after leather tanning and finishing)
 for off-site releases (transfers to disposal), with
 9,000 pounds. This represented 0.6% of the sector's
 total off-site releases.

 The leather tanning and finishing industry (SIC
 code 3111) also reported 99.0% of the sector's 4.2
 million pounds of other on-site waste management
 and 97.8% of the sector's 1.8 million pounds of
 transfers off-site for further waste management.
 Men's footwear (SIC code 3143) ranked second for
 both other on-site waste management, with 5,900
 pounds (0.1% of the sector's total), and  transfers
 off-site for further waste management, with 21,000
 pounds (1.2% of the sector's total).

 For total production-related waste, the leather
 tanning and finishing industry reported 9.4 million
 pounds, or 92.2% of the sector's 10.2 million-
pound total. The same three leather and leather
products industries that reported comparable
amounts of total releases also reported
approximately 2% each of the sector's total
production-related waste: men's footwear (SIC
code 3143) with 256,000 pounds, miscellaneous
footwear (SIC code 3149) with 238,000 pounds,
and the multiple-codes group with 229,000 pounds.

Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 31

Several facilities in the leather and leather products
sector engage in activities that are classified in
distinct, but separate, SIC codes. For example, a
facility may produce both men's footwear (SIC
code 3143) and pieces used in shoe construction
(footwear cut stock, SIC code 3131). These
facilities may report multiple SIC codes on their
TRI forms. (Box 1-5 in Chapter 1 further explains
reporting of multiple SIC codes and its affect on the
analyses presented in the TRI data release.)

Table 10-2 further examines multiple-codes
reporting in the leather and leather products sector.
Eleven forms reported more than one four-digit SIC
code within SIC code 31, as shown in Table 10-2.
Most of these (8 forms) combined men's footwear
(SIC code 3143) and women's footwear (SIC code
332
-------
                                            Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products

Table 10-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31, Continued


SIC
Code
3111
3131
3143
3144
3149





Industry
Leather Tanning & Finishing
Footwear Cut Stock
Men's Footwear, Except Athletic
Women's Footwear, Except Athletic
Footwear, Except Rubber, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 3 1
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 31
Total for SIC Code 31

Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
4,184,589
0
5,900
0
642
0
33,885
4,225,016
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
1,782,858
750
21,133
3,393
6,573
8,538
637
1,823,882
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
9,374,393
348
255,952
31,715
237,721
229,292
39,459
10,168,880
Non-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
6,122

0
0
0
0
0
6,122
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 31 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.

Table 10-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996:  Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31



SIC Codes
3131 3143
3143 3144
Total for SIC Code 31


Total
Forms
Number
3
8
11



Form As
Number
0
0
0

Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
102,439
119,175
221,614

Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
0
0
0
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
102,439
119,175
221,614

Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
0
0
0
Total Transfers
Total
Non-
Off-site for Production- Production-
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
7,700
830
8,538
related
Waste
Pounds
109,916
119,376
229,292
related
Waste
Pounds
0
0
0
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases are transfers off-site to disposal
 from Section 6 of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 of Form R. Total Production-related Waste sums
 Section 8 of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
  3144). This combination reported 119,000 pounds
  of total on- and off-site releases and 119,000
  pounds of total production-related waste in 1996.

  On- and Off-site Releases

  The leather and leather products sector reported air
  emissions totaling 2.7 million pounds in 1996,
  nearly two-thirds (62.6%) of the sector's total on-
  and off-site releases. Off-site releases (transfers to
  disposal) totaled 1.5 million pounds, 36.0% of the
  sector's total releases. The sector reported much
  smaller amounts of surface water discharges
  (54,000 pounds) and on-site land releases (7,000
  pounds). The leather and leather products sector
  reported no underground injection. Table 10-3
  presents the sector's reporting of on- and off-site
releases by four-digit SIC code for 1996. Figure
10-1 illustrates the distribution of releases by type.

The leather tanning and finishing industry (SIC
code 3111) reported the largest amounts of air
emissions (1.9 million pounds) and off-site releases
(1.5 million pounds). The industry's reported air
emissions included 1.2 million pounds of glycol
ethers, and the off-site releases included 1.2 million
pounds of chromium compounds. The leather
tanning and finishing industry also reported all of
the sector's surface water discharges and other on-
site land releases.

As noted above, three industry groups reported
roughly equal amounts of the sector's total on- and
off-site releases:  men's footwear (SIC code 3143),
                                                                                                           333
-------
            Chapter 10 — TRl Data for Leather and Leather Products
 Table 10-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31 (in Rank Order)
On-site Land Releases

SIC
Code

3111
3143
3149
3144
3131


Industry

Lcitlier Tanning & Finishing
Men's Footwear, Except Athletic
Footwear, Except Rubber, nee *
Multiple within SIC Code 31
Women1* Footwear, Except Athletic
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 3 1
Footwear CM Stock
Total for SIC Code 31

Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,941,895
238,641
221,391
221,614
29,683
1,453
250
2,654,927
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
53,526
0
0
0
0
0
0
53,526
Underground Injection
Class I
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Class II-V
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RCRA
Subtitle C
Landfills
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Other
On-site Land
Releases
Pounds
6,611
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,611
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
2,002,032
238,641
221,391
221,614
29,683
1,453
250'
2,715,064
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
1,514,336
24
9,058
0
0
3,407
0
1,526,825

Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
3,516,368
238,665
230,449
221,614
29,683
4,860
250
4,241,889
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
 4-digH SIC code within SIC code 31 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 *n«c: not elsewhere classified.
       Transfers
       Off-site to
       Disposal	
        36.0%   ^^^^^BnBBBBII Air
                                           62.6%
   Other On-site
   Land Releases
       0.2%
             Surface Water
                 1.3%    Underground Injection = 0%
                         RCRA Subtitle C Landfills = 0%
    Figure 10-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site
      Releases, 1996:  Leather and Leather Products
                    (SIC Code 31)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from
Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.

 miscellaneous footwear (SIC code 3149), and the
 multiple-codes forms. All releases reported by
 these three groups were air emissions, except for
 9,000 pounds of off-site releases reported by the
 miscellaneous footwear industry and 24 pounds of
 off-site releases reported by the men's footwear
 industry.

 Figure 10-2 shows the distribution of on- and off-
 site releases for the industries (four-digit SIC code)
 in the leather and leather products sector.
 Other On-site Waste Management

 The leather and leather products sector reported 3.6
 million pounds of on-site treatment in 1996, which
 was 85.7% of the sector's total other on-site waste
 management. The sector also reported 604,000
 pounds of on-site recycling, 14.3% of the total. No
 energy recovery was reported by the leather and
 leather products industries. Table 10-4 presents the
 sector's  1996 reporting of other on-site waste
 management. Figure 10-3 illustrates the distribution
 of these  data by waste management method.

 As in other categories, the leather tanning and
 finishing industry (SIC code 3111) reported the
 bulk of the sector's other on-site waste
 management. This industry reported 3.6 million
 pounds of on-site  treatment, including 2.0 million
 pounds of formic acid treated on-site. The leather
 and tanning industry also reported  598,000 pounds
 of on-site recycling.

Few other industries in this sector reported other
on-site waste management, as shown in Table  10-4.
Figure 10-4 illustrates the distribution of on-site
waste management reporting for the industries in
the leather and leather products sector.
334
-------
                                                   Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
4,000,000 -
3,500,000 -

3,000,000 -
2,500,000 -
•8
| 2,000,000-
Q_
1,500,000-
1,000,000-
500,000 -
0












tt
i
ill






3111 3143
















3149






'(
I



S Transfers Off-site to Disposal
• Other On-site Land Releases
m RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
DUIJ, Class ll-V Wells
CD UIJ, Class 1 Wells
S Surface Water
• Air


131
Mult.







3144 Invalid 3131






Figure 10-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
Leather and Leather Products (SIC Code 31)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal). UIJ = underground injection. Forms with
more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 31 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "31" that do not exist in the
current Standard Industrial Classification code system.
Table 10-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31 (in Rank Order)

SIC
Code
3111

3143
3149
3131
3144




Industry
Leather Tanning & Finishing
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 31
Men's Footwear, Except Athletic
Footwear, Except Rubber, nee*
Footwear Cut Stock
Women's Footwear, Except Athletic
Multiple within SIC Code 31
Total for SIC Code 31

Recycled
On-site
Pounds
597,780
0
5,900
642
0
0
0
604,322
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Treated
On-site
Pounds
3,586,809
33,885
0
0
0
0
0
3,620,694
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
4,184,589
33,885
5,900
642
0
0
0
4,225,016
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R.  Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 31 are assigned to the
"multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified
                                                                                                                             335
-------
           Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
                                  Recycled On-site
                                       14.3%
  Treated
  On-site
   85.7%
                                Energy Recovery
                                On-site = 0%

   Rgure 10-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste
    Management, 1996:  Leather and Leather Products
                    (SIC Code 31)
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

As shown in Table 10-5, the leather and leather
products sector reported 1.3 million pounds of
transfers to POTWs in 1996. This amounted to
70.7% of the sector's total transfers off-site for
further waste management. The sector also reported
338,000 pounds of transfers to recycling and
167,000 pounds of transfers to energy recovery.
These amounts represented  18.5% and 9.2%,
respectively, of the sector's  total. Figure 10-5
illustrates the percentage distribution of transfers
off-site for further waste management reported by
the leather and leather products sector.
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
            4,500.000


            4,000.000


            3,500,000


            3,000,000


            2,500,000


            2,000,000 •


            1,500,000 -


            1,000,000
             500,000
                  D Treated

                  • Energy Recovery

                  H Recycled
                          3111
                                            Invalid
                                                               3143
                                                                                 3149
      Figure 10-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                             Leather and Leather Products (SIC Code 31)
Note: Other On-slte Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "31" that do not exist in the current Standard
Industrial Classification code system.
336
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                                        Chapter 10 — TR1 Data for Leather and Leather Products
Table 10-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:  Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31
(in Rank Order)


SIC
Code
3111
3143

3149
3144
3131





Industry
Leather Tanning & Finishing
Men's Footwear, Except Athletic
Multiple within SIC Code 31
Footwear, Except Rubber, nee*
Women's Footwear, Except Athletic
Footwear Cut Stock
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 31
Total for SIC Code 31


Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
335,880
980
440
0
0
0
255
337,555

Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
136,787
12,222
8,098
6,573
3,393
0
0
167,073


Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
21,010
7,931
0
0
0
0
83
29,024


Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
1,289,181
0
0
0
0
750
299
1,290,230

Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Off-site
Transfers
for Further
Waste
Management
Pounds
1,782,858
21,133
8,538
6,573
3,393
750
637
1,823,882
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 31 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                             To Recycling
                                18.5%
   To POTWs
     70.7%
                                  To Energy Recovery
                                      9.2%
                                   To Treatment
                                     1.6%
    Figure 10-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for
   Further Waste Management, 1996:  Leather and Leather
                Products (SIC Code 31)
 Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6
 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.

 The leather tanning and finishing industry (SIC
 code 3111) again reported the largest amounts in
 each transfer type, including  1.3 million pounds of
 transfers to POTWs and 336,000 pounds of
 transfers to recycling. The chemical reported in the
 largest amount was ammonia (796,000 pounds to
 POTWs). No other leather industry reported more
 than 1,000 pounds in either of these categories.

 The leather tanning and finishing industry (SIC
 code 3111) also reported the  largest amounts
 transferred to energy recovery (137,000 pounds)
 and treatment (21,000 pounds). In these categories,
the men's footwear industry (SIC code 3143)
reported the second-largest amounts (12,000
pounds and 8,000 pounds, respectively).

Figure 10-6 illustrates the distribution of off-site
transfers for further waste management for the
industries in this sector.

1996 TRI Data by  State for

Leather and Leather

Products

As shown in Table 10-6, leather and leather
products industries reported to TRI in about half the
U.S. states (25 states plus Puerto Rico). The largest
number of forms were submitted in Wisconsin (33
forms or 14.8% of the sector's total). Michigan
ranked second, with 25 forms (11.2%). In both
New York and Pennsylvania, 19 forms were
submitted (8.5% each).

Wisconsin and Michigan were also the states with
the largest reported releases (on-site, off-site, and
total on- and off-site). In Wisconsin, releases
totaled 964,000 pounds (22.7% of the sector's
total). Wisconsin's reported releases consisted of
549,000 pounds of on-site releases (20.2% of the
                                                                                                 337
-------
           Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
             2,000,000
              200,000
                                                                 • Other Off-site Transfers

                                                                 HTo POTWs

                                                                 D To Treatment

                                                                 n To Energy Recovery

                                                                 HTo Recycling
                        3111
                                  3143
                                             Mult.
                                                       3149
                                                                  3144
                                                                            3131
                                                                                      Invalid
         Figure 10-6.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with
                  Largest Totals, 1996:  Leather and Leather Products (SIC Code 31)
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
Iran s fers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 31 are assigned to the "multiple"
category. Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "31" that do not exist in the current Standard Industrial Classification code system.
total) and 415,000 pounds of off-site releases
(27.2%). Michigan's reported releases totaled
663,000 pounds (15.6%), including 317,000 pounds
(11.7%) on-site and 346,000 pounds off-site
(22.6%).

Maine ranked third for total on- and off-site
releases, with 372,000 pounds (8.8%). Maine was
also third for on-site releases (285,000 pounds, or
10.5%). Missouri ranked third for off-site releases
(124,000 pounds, or 8.1%).

The leather and leather products sector's largest
other on-site waste management was reported in
Michigan, with 921,000 pounds, or 21.8% of the
sector's total other on-site waste management.
Maine ranked second in this category, with 658,000
pounds, or 15.6%, and Pennsylvania ranked third,
with 498,000 pounds, or 11.8%.

States with the sector's largest reported transfers
off-site for further waste management were
Wisconsin with 325,000 pounds (17.8% of the
total), Missouri with 192,000 pounds and
Pennsylvania with 191,000 pounds (10.5% each).

In both Wisconsin and Michigan, the leather and
leather products sector reported 1.7 million pounds
of total production-related waste, or 16.4% each of
the sector's total. Maine was the state with the next-
largest reported total production-related waste, 1.1
million pounds, or 11.2%.
338
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                                       Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
Table 10-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996:  Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31
Total
State Facilities
Number
Arkansas
California
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Wisconsin
Total for SIC Code 31
2
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
7
1
6
6
4
3
1
1
2
9
2
2
7
4
4'
- 4
1
13
89
Total
Forms Form As
Mumber Number
2
3
1
1
9
\
4
1
16
9
17
25
12
6
5
2
4
19
6
5
19
6
7
6
4
33
223
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
4
4
14
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
21,036
90,580
19,130
720
148,790
8,647
9,805
10,806
284,721
172,831
30,992
317,441
186,824
16,205
29,697
23,129
35,955
69,942
227,630
29,935
229,473
50,786
30,077
120,787
0
549,125
2,715,064
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
0
13,182
4
24
73,084
0
91,000
0
86,837
37,500
74,632
345,708
39,751
123,983
51,530
4,065
105,446
15,099
0
22,144
15,326
0
12,807
0
0
414,703
1,526,825
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off-site for
Off-site On-site Waste Farther Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
21,036
103,762
19,134
744
221,874
8,647
100,805
10,806
371,558
210,331
105,624
663,149
226,575
140,188
81,227
27,194
141,401
85,041
227,630
52,079
244,799
50,786
42,884
120,787
0
963,828
4,241,889
0
140,000
0
5,900
0
0
2,200
0
657,976
396,500
323,346
920,891
54,000
444,000
0
0
396,693
38,813
4,780
0
498,421
2
28,642
30,000
0
282,852
4,225,016
385
11,300
65
0
38,809
3,008
66,700
250
107,538
112,000
68,229
147,538
176,825
192,330
62,693
4,825
46,936
18,965
25
61,339
191,437
11,597
18,797
157,267
0
325,024
1,823,882
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
21,421
254,800
19,000
6,640
260,423
10,294
169,740
10,863
1,137,837
647,625
385,489
1,669,482
518,296
777,205
143,930
32,019
585,030
144,217
232,434
113,263
926,599
62,242
61,244
308,243
0
1,670,544
10,168,880
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,122
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,122
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
 Map 10-1 illustrates the geographic distribution of
 total on- and off-site releases in the leather and
 leather products sector.

 1996 TRI  Data  by
 Chemical for Leather and
 Leather Products

 The top 15 chemicals for total on- and off-site
 releases in the leather and leather products sector in
 1996 appear in Table 10-7. Releases of these
 chemicals totaled 4.2 million pounds, or 98.9% of
 all releases reported in this sector. The sector
 reported 2.6 million pounds of air emissions of
 these chemicals and 1.5 million pounds of off-site
releases (transfers to disposal). Both amounts
represented approximately 99% of the sector's
totals in those categories.

Glycol ethers was the chemical reported in the
largest amount, with 1.22 million pounds, mostly
reported as air emissions. All of the air emissions of
this chemical were reported by the leather tanning
and finishing industry (SIC code 3111), which uses
glycol ethers in coating processes. Chromium
compounds ranked second for total releases, with
1.18 million pounds, almost entirely as off-site
releases (transfers to disposal). The leather tanning
and finishing industry reported the bulk (99.5%) of
the off-site releases of chromium compounds, used
in tanning hides and skins.
                                                                                               339
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          Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
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                                                                                              s
                                                                                              s
                                                                                              *
                                                                                              CO
                                                                                              I
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340
-------
                                         Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
Table 10-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Leather and Leather Products,
SIC Code 31 (in Rank Order)
Surface Underground Infection
CAS
Number

_
108-88-3
78-93-3
—
872-50-4
7664-41-7
7440-47-3
71-36-3
108-10-1
1330-20-7
—
64-18-6
75-09-2
127-18-4


Chemical
Glycol ethers
Chromium compounds
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Manganese compounds
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Ammonia
Chromium
n-Butyl alcohol
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Nitrate compounds
Formic acid
Dichloromethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 31
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,181,573
1,628
516,408
358,911
530
154,838
132,456
10
73,516
68,257
54,006
0
37,252
21,507
19,130
2,620,022
2,654,927
Water
Discharges
Pounds
5
1,268
0
0
526
0
3,466
250
0
0
0
48,000
0
0
0
53,515
53,526
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Class! Class II-V Subtitle C On-site Land
Weils Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ff-.- -
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
2,447
0
0
5
250
379
3,525
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,611
6,611
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
1,181,583
5,343
516,408
358,911
1,061
155,088
136,301
3,785
73,516
68,257
54,006
48,000
37,252
21,507
19,130
2,680,148
2,715,064
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
34,555
1,170,842
0
0
178,200
5,480
15,356
111,207
0
0
0
100
260
0
4
1,516,004
1,526,825
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
1,216,138
1,176,185
516,408
358,911
179,261
160,568
151,657
114,992
73,516
68,257
54,006
48,100
37,512
21,507
19,134
4,196,152
4,241,889
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.

Table 10-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Leather and Leather
Products, SIC Code 31 (in Rank Order)
On-site Land Releases

SIC
Code

3111
3143

3131




Industry

Leather Tanning & Finishing
Men's Footwear, Except Athletic
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 31
Footwear Cut Stock
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 3 1

Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
25,767
21,507
125
250
47,649
2,654,927
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
53,526
Underground Injection
Class I
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
Class II-V
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
RCRA
Subtitle C
Landfills
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
Other
On-site Land
Releases
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
, 6,611
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
25,767
21,507
125
250
47,649
2,715,064
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
9
0
541
0
550
1,526,825

Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
25,776
21,507
666
250
48,199
4,241,889
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R,
 As noted earlier, the leather tanning and finishing
 industry also reported all of the sector's surface
 water discharges and on-site land releases,
 including amounts for the top 15 chemicals, as
 shown in Table 10-7.

 OSHA Carcinogens

 As shown in Table 10-8, the leather and leather
 products sector reported releasing 48,000 pounds of
 chemicals designated as OSHA carcinogens in
 1996. (OSHA carcinogens and the bases for their
designation appear in Box 1-9 in Chapter 1.)
Almost all of these releases were reported as air
emissions. The leather tanning and finishing
industry (SIC code 3111) reported 26,000 pounds,
and men's footwear (SIC code 3143) reported
22,000 pounds of total air emissions.

Dichloromethane and tetrachloroethylene ranked
14th and 15th for total on- and off-site releases in
this sector and are OSHA carcinogens. Leather and
leather products facilities reported releasing 22,000
pounds of dichloromethane and 19,000 pounds of
                                                                                                   341
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          Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
 tetrachloroethylene (see Table 10-7). The sector
 also reported releases of two other OSHA
 carcinogens: formaldehyde (7,000 pounds) and
 nickel compounds (less than 1,000 pounds).

 The men's footwear industry (SIC code 3143)
 reported all of the releases of dichloromethane. The
 leather tanning and finishing industry (SIC code
 3111) reported most of the releases of the other
 three OSHA carcinogens. For each of the four
 chemicals, one or two facilities reported all of the
 releases.

 Figure  10-7 shows the on- and off-site releases of
 the four-digit SIC codes in this sector that reported
 OSHA carcinogen releases.
1996 TRI Chemicals in

Waste for Leather and

Leather  Products

The leather and leather products sector reported
10.2 million pounds of total production-related
waste in 1996. Most of the total was reported as
released on- and off-site (4.6 million pounds) or as
treated on-site (3.6 million pounds), as shown in
Table 10-9. Together, these methods of waste
management accounted for 80.4% of the sector's
total production-related waste. The sector also
reported 951,000 pounds of off-site treatment and
             30,000
             25,000-
             20,000-
             15,000-
             10,000-
             5,000-
        n Transfers Off-site to Disposal
        B Other On-site Land Releases
        E3 RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
        nUIJ, Class II-V Wells
        HUIJ, Class I Wells
        • Surface Water
        B Air
                        3111
                                         3143
                                                          Invalid
                                                                          3131
       Figure 10-7.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
                 Largest Totals, 1996:  Leather and Leather Products (SIC Code 31)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. UIJ = underground injection.
Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "31" that do not exist in the current Standard Industrial Classification code system.
342
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                                        Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
Table 10-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31
(in Rank Order)


SIC
Code

3111
3143
3149


3144
3131




Industry

Leather Tanning & Finishing
Men's Footwear, Except Athletic
Footwear, Except Rubber, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 31
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 31
Women's Footwear, Except Athletic
Footwear Cut Stock
Total for SIC Code 31


Recycled
On-site
Pounds
597,780
5,900
642
0
0
0
0
604,322

Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


Treated
On-site
Pounds
3,586,809
0
0
0
33,885
0
0
3,620,694


Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
270,818
980
0
440
255
0
0
272,493

Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
136,705
12,160
6,759
8,098
0
385
0
164,107


Treated
Off-site
Pounds
939,320
8,113
0
0
458
3,088
340
951,319
Quantity
Released
On- and
Off-site
Pounds
3,842,961
228,799
230,320
220,754
4,861
28,242
8
4,555,945
Total
Non-
Production- Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
9,374,393
255,952
237,721
229,292
39,459
31,715
348
10,168,880
related
Waste
Pounds
6,122
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,122
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 31 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
   Quantity
  Released
    44.8%
On-site Waste
Management
  41.5%
                             Off-site Waste
                             Management
                                13.6%
    Figure 10-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related
      Waste, 1996: Leather and Leather Products
                   (SIC Code 31)
 Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.

 604,000 pounds of on-site recycling. These
 amounts represented 9.4% and 5.9%,
 respectively, of the sector's total production-
 related waste. Figure 10-8 illustrates the
 distribution of the sector's reporting of
 production-related waste.

 The leather tanning and finishing industry (SIC
 code 3111) reported more that 80% of all types of
 waste management reported in this sector,
 including 98%  or more of the on-site and off-site
 recycling and treatment. This industry reported
 3.8 million pounds released on- and off-site and
 3.6 million pounds of on-site treatment.
As noted earlier, three industries reported similar
amounts of total production-related waste. Almost all
of their production-related waste was reported as
quantities released. These industries were men's
footwear (SIC code 3143) with 256,000 pounds of
total production-related waste, miscellaneous
footwear (SIC code 3149) with 238,000 pounds, and
the multiple SIC codes group with 229,000 pounds.

Distribution of production-related waste for the
industries in the leather and leather products sector
appears in Figure 10-9.

Projected Quantities of TRI  Chemicals
in Waste

The leather and leather products sector projected a
7.8% reduction in reported production-related waste
by 1998, as shown in Table 10-10. (As explained in
Chapter 1, facilities not only report current data but
project waste management  quantities for the next two
years in their TRI submissions.) The sector projected
a decrease from 10.2 million pounds of total
production-related waste in 1996 to 9.4 million
pounds in 1998.

The sector projected reductions in all types of
production-related waste, except for a 5.8% increase
in off-site recycling, from 272,000 pounds in 1996 to
288,000 pounds in 1998. (No on-site energy recovery
was reported in 1996 or projected for  1998).
                                                                                                  343
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           Chapter 10 — TRl Data for Leather and Leather Products
     100%
      90%
      80%
      70%
      60%


                    ES Quantity Released

                    • Treated Off-site

                    H Energy Recovery Off-site

                    D Recycled Off-site

                    EH Treated On-site

                    B Energy Recovery On-site

                    H Recycled On-site
            3111
                     3143
                             3149
                                     Mult.
                                             Invalid
                                                      3144
                                                              3131
     Figure 10-9.  Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                             Leather and Leather Products (SIC Code 31)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 31 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Invalid SIC
codes are codes beginning "31" that do not exist in the current Standard Industrial Classification code system.
The largest component of the overall reduction
was a projected 13.5% decrease in on-site
treatment from 3.6 million pounds in 1996 to 3.1
million pounds in 1998. Off-site energy recovery
was expected to decrease from 164,000 pounds to
45,000 pounds, which would represent a 72.5%
reduction. Off-site treatment was projected to
decrease from 951,000 pounds to 874,000
pounds, or 8.1%. The sector projected a 2.0%
reduction hi quantities released from 4.6 million
pounds to 4.5 million pounds.

Figure 10-10 illustrates the projected percentage
change in on-site waste management, off-site
waste management, quantities released, and total
production-related waste for the leather and
leather products sector.
These changes represent small shifts hi the ways that
the leather and leather products sector expects to
manage its TRI chemicals in waste. For example,
recycling would increase slightly as a percentage of
total production-related waste, both on-site and off-
site. However, 44.8% of the sector's total production-
related waste was reported as released on- and off-
site in 1996, and this percentage would increase
somewhat to 47.6%. Thus, releases represent a large
and potentially increasing proportion of the sector's
waste management, as indicated in these projections.
In terms of the waste management hierarchy, as
explained in Chapter 1,  releases are the least
environmentally desirable option for management of
TRI chemicals in waste.
344
-------
                                        Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
Table 10-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:  Leather and Leather Products,
SIC Code 31
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 31
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 31
Current Year 1996
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
604,322 5.9
0 0.0
3,620,694 35.6
272,493 2.7
164,107 1.6
951,319 9.4
4,555,945 44.8
- 10,168,880 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1997
Percent
5.0
-10.5
4.9
-63.7
-9.5
-0.4
-5.4
Projected 1997
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
634,631 6.6
0 0.0
3,240,079 33.7
285,890 3.0
59,516 0.6
860,670 8.9
4,539,310 47.2
9,620,096 100.0
Projected Change
1997-1998
Percent
-9.4
-3.3
-0.9
-24.2
1.6
-1.7
-2.5
Projected 1998
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
575,031 6.1
0 0.0
3,133,300 33.4
288,363 3.1
45,106 0.5
874,011 9.3
4,464,143 47.6
9,379,954 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1998
Percent
-4.8
-13.5
5.8
-72.5
-8.1
-2.0
-7.8
 Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996,

  Source Reduction Activity
  In 1996, 55 forms in the leather and leather
  products sector indicated one or more source
  reduction activities underway during the year, as
  shown in Table 10-11. This was one-fourth
  (24.7%) of all forms submitted by this sector. The
3111) submitted 38 of these forms (22.9% of the
forms submitted by that industry).

Raw material modifications was one of the source
reduction activities most often indicated (23 forms).
This type of activity often represents more innovative
projects to reduce or eliminate toxic chemicals in
  leather tanning and finishing industry (SIC code     waste. Surface preparation and finishing was also
                                                                                                 345
-------
             Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
                    On-site Waste             Off-site Waste       Quantity Released           Total Production-
                     Management              Management         On-and Off-site             related Waste

   Figure 10-10.  Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
                                Leather and Leather Products (SIC Code 31)
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.


Table 10-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
SIC
C(K>C
Jill
3131
JMJ
3M4
3149



Activities

Industry
Leather Tanning & Finishing
Footwear Cut Stock
Men'* Footwear, Except Athletic
Women's Footwear, Except Athletic
Footwcir, Except Rubber, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 31
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 3 1
Towl for SIC Code 31
Total
Forms
Number
166
1
16
3
15
11
11
223

Number
38
0
10
2
5
0
0
55
Percent of
All Forms
Percent
22.9
0.0
62.5
66.7
33.3
0.0
0.0
24.7
Good
Operating
Practices
Number
8
0
1
1
2
0
0
12
Category of Source Reduction Activity

Inventory
Control
Number
,
0
2
0
0
0
0
3

Spill
and Leak
Prevention
Number
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
Raw
Material Process
Modifi- Modifi-
cations cations
Number Number
11 4
0 0
8 0
1 0
3 0
0 0
0 0
23 4

Surface
Cleaning Preparation
and and
Degreasing
Number
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
5
Finishing
Number
21
0
o
2
0
o
0
23

Product
Modifi-
cations
Number
1
0
4
0
0
o
0"
5
Note: Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within code 31 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*n«c: not elsewhere classified.
 346
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                                    Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
frequently indicated (also 23 forms), reflecting the
importance of this type of activity in the leather
tanning and finishing industry.

Year-to-Year

Comparisons  for Leather

and  Leather  Products

1995-1996 TRI Data  for Leather and
Leather Products

The number of forms submitted by the leather and
leather products sector decreased from 251 in 1995
to 223 in 1996, as shown in Table 10-12.

On- and Off-site Releases

Total on- and off-site releases reported by the
leather and leather products sector decreased 5.2%
from 1995 to 1996, as shown in Table 10-12. The
sector reported 4.5 million pounds of total releases
in 1995  and 4.2 million pounds in 1996. Reported
air emissions decreased from 2.9 million in 1995 to
2.7 million in 1996 (a reduction of 8.7%).
Reductions were reported in both fugitive and
point-source air emissions. Surface water
discharges decreased from 113,000 pounds to
54,000 pounds (a 52.8% reduction). On-site land
releases also decreased, from 15,000 pounds to
7,000 pounds (55.5%).

The leather and leather products sector reported an
increase in off-site releases (transfers to disposal),
the only release type with an increase in this sector
for 1995-1996. Transfers to disposal rose from 1.4
million  pounds to  1.5 million pounds. This was an
increase of 6.0%.

Figure 10-11 illustrates the percentage change in
releases reported by the leather and leather products
sector.
Other On-site Waste Management

The leather and leather products sector reported 4.5
million pounds of other on-site waste management
in 1995 and 4.2 million pounds in 1996, a 6.2%
reduction, as shown in Table 10-12. All three
methods of waste management showed decreases.
On-site recycling decreased 2.9%, from 622,000
pounds to 604,000 pounds, and on-site treatment
decreased 5.4% from 3.8 million pounds to 3.6
million pounds. The sector reported 56,000 pounds
of on-site energy recovery in 1995, and none in
1996.

Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

The leather and leather products sector reported
decreases in off-site transfers to recycling and
energy recovery from 1995 to 1996, while transfers
to treatment and POTWs increased. The net change
in the sector's reported transfers off-site for further
waste management was a reduction of 8.2%, from
2.0 million pounds to 1.8 million pounds. Table 10-
12 presents the sector's reporting of transfers off-
site for further waste management for 1995 and
1996.

In this sector, transfers to recycling decreased
23.4%, from 441,000 pounds to 338,000 pounds.
Transfers to energy recovery decreased 37.8%,
from 269,000 pounds to 167,000 pounds. The
sector reported relatively small amounts of transfers
to treatment, but these transfers increased 150,4%,
from 12,000 pounds to 29,000 pounds. The largest
type of off-site transfer for further waste
management in this sector—transfers to POTWs—
increased from 1.27 million pounds to 1.29 million
pounds, an increase of 1.9%.
                                                                                         347
-------
              Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
 Table 10-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site
 for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996: Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31

Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
1995
Number
97
251
231
20
Pounds

2,907,485
882,616
2,024,869
113,360
0
14,843
3,035,688

1,440,001
4,475,689

622,116
55,500
3,828,717
4,506,333
440,743
268,536
11,591
1,266,405
0
1,987,275
1996
Number
89
223
209
14
Pounds

2,654,927
747,962
1,906,965
53,526
0
6,611
2,715,064

1,526,825
4,241,889

604,322
0
3,620,694
4,225,016
337,555
167,073
29,024
1,290,230
0
1,823,882
Change
1995 to 1996
Percent
-8.2
-11.2
-9.5
-30.0
Percent

-8.7
-15.3
-5.8
-52.8
-55.5
-10.6

6.0
-5.2

-2.9
-100.0
-5.4
-6.2
-23.4
-37.8
150.4
1.9
-8.2
Note: On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Other On-site Waste
Management from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of
Form R, Breakdown of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code.
 348
-------
                                       Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
     10
     -10 -
     -20 -
     -30 •
     -40
     -50
     -60
                   Air
Surface
 Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
 Disposal
    Figure 10-11.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996: Leather and
                                  Leather Products (SIC Code 31)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R, Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995.
 1988-1996 TRI Data for Leather and
 Leather Products

 As explained in Chapter 1, comparisons from the
 1988 TRI baseline year to the current year rely on
 the list of "core" TRI chemicals that were
 reportable, with the same reporting definition, in all
 years. These multi-year comparisons also review
 only the data elements that were collected in all
 years, which excludes from this section any
 analysis that distinguishes RCRA subtitle C
 landfills from other land releases as well as analysis
 based on the types of underground injection wells.
 On-site waste management data and transfers off-
 site to recycling and to energy recovery have been
 collected only since 1991; these data are included,
 but cannot be compared across the full 1988-1996
 period.
                   From 1988 to 1996, the number of forms submitted
                   to TRI by the leather and leather products sector
                   decreased by about half (47.9%), from 282 forms to
                   147 forms. During this period, the sector also
                   reduced reported on- and off-site releases from 13.0
                   million pounds to 3.8 million pounds, a 70.7%
                   reduction. These data appear in Table 10-13.

                   All types of on-site releases reported by this sector
                   decreased from 1988 to 1996, as shown in Table
                   10-13. Air emissions exhibited the largest
                   reduction, from 11.7 million pounds to 2.3 million
                   pounds, or 80.2%. The largest portion of the overall
                   reduction occurred in reporting of point-source
                   emissions (from 9.4 million pounds to 1.7 million
                   pounds),  although fugitive air emissions also
                   decreased (from 2.2 million pounds to 568,000
                   pounds).  On-site land releases decreased from
                                                                                                349
-------
               Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
 Table 10-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site
 for Further Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996: Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Tfflnite&OJf-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1988
Number
137
282
282
NA
Pounds

11,692,677
2,247,960
9,444,717
3,302
0
231,937
11,927,916

1,095,701
13,023,617

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
1,151,152
814,909
4,715
NA

1994
Number
98
177
177
NA
Pounds

3,660,926
983,445
2,677,481
1,967
0
16,059
3,678,952

1,425,439
5,104,391

658,304
0
1,702,691
2,360,995

499,037
270,203
22,020
629,324
0
1,420,584

1995
Number
82
167
156
11
Pounds

2,599,137
693,456
1,905,681
1,600
0
14,723
2,615,460

1,410,961
4,026,421

620,791
55,500
1,609,388
2,285,679

434,713
259,792
6,690
524,995
0
1,226,190

1996
Number
81
147
144
3
Pounds

2,309,389
568,439
1,740,950
2,060
0
5,982
2,317,431

1,496,071
3,813,502

604,322
0
906,297
1,510,619

328,155
157,543
13,403
485,130
0
984,231
Change
1988 to 1996
Percent
-40.9
-47.9
-48.9
NA
Percent

-80.2
-74.7
-81.6
-37.6
—
-97.4
-80.6

36.5
-70.7

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
-98.8
-40.5
-100.0
NA
•TOW. tnjwiiui UU.IUIK: ucusicu uirciiucais, cnemicajs aoueo in iyyu, lyyi, iyy4, ana lyyi, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-sltc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste Management
from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown
Of Underground Injection and On-slte Land Releases not required before 1996. For 1994-1996, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code.  For 1988, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code or codes not required to be reported in
1988, NA: not required to be reported in that year.
350
-------
                                        Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
232,000 pounds to 6,000 pounds, or 97.4%. A
reduction was also reported in surface water
discharges, of 37.6%, but very small amounts were
reported in this category (3,000 pounds in 1988 and
2,000 in 1996).

The leather and leather products sector reported an
increase in off-site releases (transfers to disposal)
from 1.1 million pounds in 1988 to 1.5 million
pounds in 1996. This amounted to an increase of
more than one-third (36.5%).

Figure 10-12 displays the percentage change in
release types reported in the leather and leather
products sector from 1988 to 1996.
                 On-site waste management and transfers off-site for
                 recycling or energy recovery were not collected in
                 1988. For the 1994-1996 period, total other on-site
                 waste management reported by this sector
                 decreased from 2.4 million pounds to 1.5 million
                 pounds. This reflected a reduction in reporting of
                 on-site treatment from 1.7 million pounds to
                 906,000 pounds. Amounts reported for on-site
                 recycling also decreased, from 658,000 pounds to
                 604,000 pounds. For the 1994-to-1996 period
                 shown in Table 10-13, the sector reported energy
                 recovery only in 1995 (56,000 pounds).

                 The sector's reported transfers to treatment
                 decreased 98.8% from 1988 to 1996, from 1.2
     -100
     -120
                    Air
Surface
 Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
 Disposal
     Figure 10-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996: Leather and
                                    Leather Products (SIC Code 31)
 Note- Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
 On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
 Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996.
                                                                                                    351
-------
           Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
 million pounds to 13,000 pounds. Transfers to
 POTWs also decreased, by 40.5%, from 815,000
 pounds to 485,000 pounds.


 1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in
 Leather and Leather Products

 Tables 10-14 through 10-16 summarize data for
 1988 and 1994-1996 for industries at the four-digit
 SIC code level within SIC code 31. The tables
 present, respectively, on-  and off-site releases,
 other on-site waste management, and transfers off-
 site for further waste management.

 On- and Off-site Releases

 Table 10-14 provides release data for all four-digit
 SIC codes in the leather and leather products sector,
 for 1988-1996. The leather tanning and finishing
 industry (SIC code 3111)  reported the largest
 decrease in on- and off-site releases. This industry
 reported total releases of 7.2 million pounds in
 1988 and 3.1 million pounds in 1996. Air emissions
 were the largest factor in this reduction, along with
 a smaller reduction in on-site releases to land. The
 industry's reporting of off-site releases (transfers to
 disposal) increased over this period.

 The women's footwear industry (SIC code 3144)
 ranked second for decreases, reporting 472,000
 pounds in 1988 and 30,000 pounds in 1996. Men's
 footwear (SIC code 3143) ranked third, with
 591,000 pounds in 1988 and 239,000 pounds in
 1996. Virtually all of the releases and reductions
 reported in both industries were in air emissions.

 One industry group reported an increase from 1988
 to 1996. This was the multiple-codes group, which
 reported 158,000 pounds of on-  and off-site
 releases in  1988 and 221,000 pounds in  1996. Total
 releases reported on forms with multiple SIC codes
 varied from year to year, as is evident hi Table 10-
 14. Almost all of the releases reported in the
 multiple-codes group were air emissions.
 Other On-site Waste Management

 The leather tanning and finishing industry (SIC
 code 3111) reported the sector's largest decrease in
 other on-site waste management from 1994 to 1996
 (on-site waste management data were not collected
 in 1988). This industry reported 2.3 million pounds
 in 1994 and 1.5 million pounds in 1996. This
 reflected a large reduction in on-site treatment,
 along with a smaller decrease in on-site recycling.

 The miscellaneous footwear industry (SIC code
 3149) ranked second for decreases in other on-site
 waste management. This industry reported less than
 3,000 pounds in 1994 and 1995 and 600 pounds in
 1996, all in on-site recycling.

 Men's footwear (SIC code 3143) reported a net
 increase for this period, from zero pounds in 1994
 to 6,000 pounds in 1996 although the total was
 larger (8,000 pounds) in 1995. This industry also
 reported only on-site recycling.

 Other leather and leather products industries did not
 report in the comparison years or reported only zero
 amounts of other on-site waste management.

 On-site waste management data for 1994-1996
 appear in Table 10-15.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 As with on- and off-site releases and other on-site
 waste management, the leather tanning and
 finishing industry (SIC code 3111) reported the
 largest reduction in transfers off-site for further
 waste management from 1994 to 1996 (data for
 some types of off-site transfers were not collected
 in 1988). The leather tanning and finishing industry
reported 1.1 million pounds of such transfers in
 1994 and 951,000 pounds in 1996. This industry
reported decreases in all types of transfers except
transfers to recycling.
352
-------
                                                 Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
Table 10-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Leather and Leather Products,
SIC Code 31
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3111

3131



3142


3143


3144


3149


3161


3199














Industry
Leather Tanning & Finishing

Footwear Cut Stock



House Slippers


Men's Footwear, Except Athletic


Women's Footwear, Except Athletic


Footwear, Except Rubber, nee*


Luggage


Leather Goods, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 31


Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 31



Total for SIC Code 31



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
1,614,599 2,060
1,658,662 1,600
2,304,637 1,967
6,208,035 2,052
250
14,293
10,180
154,070
No reports received
750
13,000
250
238,641
288,454
503,324
590,406
29,683
120,824
111,950
472,247
203,649
320,437
358,583
378,829
No reports received
10,863
19,100
136,412
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
2,631
221,114
184,331
299,751
156,137
1,453
523
40,401
3,593,660
2,309,389
2,599,137
3,660,926
11,692,677
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
750
0
0
0



0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,060
1,600
1,967
3,302
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
5,982
14,723
16,059
186,937
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
45,000
5,982
14,723
16,059
231,937
Off-site
Releases
Total Transfers
On-site Off-site to a
Releases Disposal
Pounds Pounds
1,622,641
1,674,985
2,322,663
6,397,024
250
14,293
10,180
154,070
750
13,000
250
238,641
288,454
503,324
590,656
29,683
120,824
111,950
472,497
203,649
320,437
358,583
379,579
10,863
19,100
136,412



2,631
221,114
184,331
299,751
156,137
1,453
523
40,401
3,638,660
2,317,431
2,615,460
3,678,952
11,927,916
1,492,640
1,409,309
1,417,601
825,531
0
0
1,216
800
0
0
0
24
26
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
19,628
0
0
750



0
0
0
0
2,000
3,407
1,626
6,372
246,992
1,496,071
1,410,961
1,425,439
1,095,701
Total On-
nd Off-site
Releases
Pounds
3,115,281
3,084,294
3,740,264
7,222,555
250
14,293
11,396
154,870
750
13,000
250
238,665
288,480
503,324
590,656
29,683
120,824
112,200
472,497
203,649
320,437
358,583
399,207
10,863
19,100
137,162



2,631
221,114
184,331
299,751
158,137
4,860
2,149
46,773
3,885,652
3,813,502
4,026,421
5,104,391
13,023,617
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 31 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified
                                                                                                    Forms with more than one
                                                                                                                       353
-------
              Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
 Table 10-15. TRI Other On-s!te Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Leather and Leather
 Products, SIC Code 31
SIC
Code
3111



3131



3142



3143



3144



3149



3161



3199















Industry
Leather Tanning & Finishing



Footwear Cut Stock



House Slippers



Men's Footwear, Except Athletic



Women's Footwear, Except Athletic



Footwear, Except Rubber, nee*



Luggage



Leather Goods, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 31



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 31



Total for SIC Code 31



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
597,780
609,663
655,639
NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
0
0
NA
5,900
8,200
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
642
2,928
2,665
NA
No reports received
0
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
604,322
620,791
658,304
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
55,500
0
NA
0
0
0
NA

0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA

0
0
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
55,500
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
872,412
1,506,339
1,608,016
NA
0
0
0
NA

0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA

0
0
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
33,885
103,049
94,675
NA
906,297
1,609,388
1,702,691
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
1,470,192
2,171,502
2,263,655
NA
0
0
0
NA

0
0
NA
5,900
8,200
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
642
2,928
2,665
NA

0
0
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
33,885
103,049
94,675
NA
1,510,619
2,285,679
2,360,995
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 31 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 354
-------
                                      Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
The multiple-codes group ranked second for
decreases in transfers off-site for further waste
management, reporting 19,000 pounds in 1994 and
800 pounds in 1996. Women's footwear (SIC code
3144) ranked third, with 14,000 pounds in 1994 and
3,000 pounds in 1996. Both reported reductions
occurred principally in transfers to energy recovery.

Among leather and leather products industries, only
the men's footwear industry (SIC code 3143)
reported an increase in transfers off-site for  further
waste management for 1994 to 1996. This industry
reported 11,000 pounds in 1994,5,000 pounds in
1995, and 21,000 pounds in 1996. Increases were
reported in transfers to energy recovery and to
treatment.

Table 10-16 provides multi-year data by four-digit
SIC codes for these transfer types.

Facilities  with Large Increases and Decreases
in Releases. 1988-1996

Pfister & Vogel Leather in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
(SIC code 3111), ranked first in increases of
releases with 200,000 pounds. The chemical glycol
ethers was responsible for all of the facility's
increase. The tannery switched some of its coating
processes from solvent-based materials to water-
based materials. Glycol ethers is a component of
the water-based coatings. The facility's reporting of
solvents decreased over the 1988-1996 period,
including decreases of 128,000 pounds in xylene
releases and 51,000 pounds in 2-methoxyethanol
releases.

Blackhawk Leather, Ltd., in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
(SIC code 3111), was second in increases with an
overall 141,000 pounds. An automotive leather
manufacturer, the Blackhawk facility reported
83,000 pounds more chromium compounds (59%
of the increase) transferred off-site for disposal.
Chromium is integral to leather tanning and acts as
a preservative. Waste sludge from the tanning
process and leather scraps containing chromium are
sent to off-site landfills. The facility attributed the
increase to increased production.

Eagle Tanning Company in Waterloo, Iowa (did
not report in 1988, SIC code 3111 in 1996), was the
third-ranked facility for increases with 91,000
pounds. The tannery reported 91,000 pounds of
chromium compounds in 1996, all in the category
of transfers off-site to disposal. The facility came
into operation in 1988 and did not use chromium
compounds until the 1989 reporting year.

The top decreaser for releases was Eagle Ottawa
Leather Company in Grand Haven, Michigan (SIC
code 3111). This manufacturer of automobile
upholstery leather had an overall decrease of 2.7
million pounds, 33% of which was accounted for
by the elimination of methyl ethyl ketone from its
coating process. Toluene, acetone, and methyl
isobutyl ketone were also eliminated when Eagle
Ottawa switched from solvent-based coatings to
water-based coatings. Eagle Ottawa, a participant in
EPA's 33/50 Program, received an Environmental
Quality Award from the Michigan Chamber of
Commerce for its environmental record.

Irving Tanning Company in Hartland, Maine (SIC
code 3111), ranked second in decreases with  1.3
million pounds. This facility substituted an unlisted
solvent for 2-methoxyethanol, used in leather
coating operations. 2-Methoxyethanol, reported as
fugitive and point-source air emissions in 1988,
accounted for 62% of the facility's overall
decrease. No data were reported for the chemical in
1996. Irving Tanning tans leather to customer
specifications. Their customers produce finished
leather goods.

Seton Company in Newark, New Jersey (SIC code
3111), was  third in decreases with 671,000 pounds.
Elimination of methyl ethyl ketone accounted for
49% of Seton's reduction. In 1992, this plant
transferred its leather finishing operations to
another Seton facility in Pennsylvania. Methyl
ethyl ketone and other solvents used in coating
                                                                                             355
-------
              Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
 Table 10-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Leather and
 Leather Products, SIC Code 31
SIC
Code
3111



3131



3142



3143



3144



3149



3161



3199















Industry
Leather Tanning & Finishing



Footwear Cut Stock



House Slippers



Men's Footwear, Except Athletic



Women's Footwear, Except Athletic



Footwear, Except Rubber, nee*



Luggage



Leather Goods, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 31



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 31



Total for SIC Code 31



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy
to Recycling Recovery
Pounds Pounds
326,480
191,268
271,117
NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
0
0
NA
980
736
2,090
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
7,487
6,080
NA
No reports received
0
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
440
1,470
0
NA
255
233,752
219,750
NA
328,155
434,713
499,037
NA
134,957
219,526
229,625
NA
0
0
0
NA

0
0
NA
12,222
3,031
4,079
NA
3,393
20,826
13,690
NA
6,573
4,738
5,669
NA

0
0
NA



NA
398
11,671
17,140
NA
0
0
0
NA
157,543
259,792
270,203
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
5,389
144
8,267
1,052,614
0
1,292
0
0

500
250
0
7,931
1,267
5,021
250
0
0
750
8,250
0
500
2,350
14,757

0
0
0



0
0
2,895
1,572
0
83
92
3,810
75,281
13,403
6,690
22,020
1,151,152
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
484,081
523,742
627,824
778,566
750
750
750
750

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0



1,023
0
0
0
750
299
503
750
33,820
485,130
524,995
629,324
814,909
0
0
0
4,715
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0



0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,715
950,907
934,680
1,136,833
NA
750
2,042
750
NA

500
250
NA
21,133
5,034
11,190
NA
3,393
20,826
14,440
NA
6,573
12,725
14,099
NA

0
0
NA



NA
838
16,036
18,712
NA
637
234,347
224,310
NA
984,231
1,226,190
1,420,584
NA
Note: Transfers Off-rite for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 31 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
"ntc: not elsewhere classified.
 356
-------

                                      Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
processes were, therefore, no longer used at the
Newark facility or they were used in small enough
quantities to be below the reporting threshold. The
Seton Company contact added that the
Pennsylvania facility has recently switched from
solvent-based coating processes to water-based
processes.

1991-1996 Waste Management Data
for Leather and Leather Products

Table 10-17 summarizes on- and off-site waste
management data for the leather and leather
products sector for 1991, when TRI began
collecting this information, and the three most
recent years (1994-1996). From 1991 to 1996, total
production-related waste reported by the leather
and leather products sector decreased by two-thirds
(65.1%) from 18.0 million pounds to 6.3 million
pounds.

Reductions were reported in all waste management
types except on-site treatment (which increased
32.5%, from 684,000 pounds to 906,000 pounds).
The sector's largest reduction (in pounds) was
reported in quantities released on- and off-site,
from 9.1 million pounds in 1991 to 3.9 million
pounds in 1996. The second-largest reduction was
reported in on-site recycling, from 5.5 million
pounds to 604,000 pounds. These changes
amounted to reductions of 56.8% and 89.0%,
respectively.

Total off-site waste management decreased 68.9%,
from 2.7 million pounds in 1991 to 835,000 pounds
in 1996, reflecting reductions in all three waste
management methods. Off-site recycling decreased
from 937,000 pounds to 263,000 pounds, off-site
energy recovery decreased from 1.1 million pounds
to 155,000 pounds, and off-site treatment decreased
from 615,000 pounds to 417,000 pounds.

Figure 10-13 illustrates the 1991-1996 percentage
change in the sector's total production-related
waste, by type of waste management.
TRI facilities report absolute amounts of waste
managed and of environmental releases, not
adjusted for changes in production levels. As noted
early in this chapter, production in the leather and
leather products sector declined sharply through the
1990s. However, reporting of total production-
related waste decreased even more rapidly.

At the same time, the 1991-1996 record indicates
that the sector is managing its waste in less
desirable ways over time. In terms of the waste
management hierarchy (explained in Chapter 1),
recycling is the preferred option for TRI chemicals
in waste that cannot be prevented. Treatment is
preferred only above releases, the least
environmentally desirable waste management
option. From 1991 to 1996, the leather and leather
products sector reported  substantial decreases in
recycling, a net increase in treatment, and less rapid
decreases in releases. The result of these changes is
that the sector reported recycling a much smaller
portion of its production-related waste, while
increasing the portion of production-related waste
that it released.

Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
in Waste Management, 1991-1996

Law Tanning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (did not
report in 1988, SIC code 3111 in 1996), was first in
increases of waste managed with 130,000 pounds.
Chromium compounds accounted for 100% of the
increase. The facility purchases blue drop splits
(tanned leather that is split off of a hide to get a
desired thickness) and manufactures "suede split."
Leather trimmed from the suede split product is
sent off-site for recycling. In 1993, the facility
changed its location, thereby changing its TRI
facility identification number. Because no data
were reported under the identification number for
the new location prior to 1993, the facility appeared
to have a 130,000 pound increase in chromium
compounds reported as recycled off-site and
quantity released. The original location reported
87,000 pounds for these  same reporting categories
                                                                                             357
-------
 ^^^^^^^hapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products


 Table 10-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996: Leather and Leather Products, SIC Code 31
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
Waste Management Activity
Oo-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Maaafiement
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
1991
Pounds
5,503,083
0
684,252
6,187,335
936,712
1,136,350
614,893
2,687,955
9,135,066
18,010,356
14,980
Change
1994-1995
Percent
-5.7
-5.5
-3.2
-19.8
-3.1
-17.9
-15.8
-18.3
-13.8
-80.0
1994
Pounds
658,304
0
1,702,691
2,360,995
555,371
272,980
613,767
1,442,118
4,947,855
8,750,968
5
Change
1995-1996
Percent
-2.7
-100.0
-43.7
-33.9
-40.9
-41.6
-17.3
-31.2
-2.5
-16.6
-100.0
1995
Pounds
620,791
55,500
1,609,388
2,285,679
445,300
264,511
504,033
1,213,844
4,042,532
7,542,055
1
Change
1991-1996
Percent
-89.0
32.5
-75.6
-71.9
-86.4
-32.2
-68.9
-56.8
-65.1
-100.0
1996
Pounds
604,322
0
906,297
1,510,619
263,093
154,577
416,961
834,631
3,941,804
6,287,054
0







Note: Docs not include dctisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
 358
-------
                                        Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
    40
    20 •
    -80
   -100
       Recycled     Energy  Treated
        On-site   Recovery  On-site
                  On-site

         On-site Waste Management
Recycled    Energy    Treated           Quantity
 Off-site  Recovery    Off-site        Released On-
          Off-site                  and Off-site

  Off-site Waste Management
    Total
Production-
   related
   Waste
       Figure 10-13.  Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
                            Leather and Leather Products (SIC Code 31)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
in 1991. The increase in reported chromium
compounds between the two facilities was due to a
production increase.

Prime Tanning Corporation in Saint Joseph,
Missouri (SIC code 3111), second in increases, had
an overall increase of 125,000 pounds. Phosphoric
acid had the biggest influence on the change,
accounting for 44% of the increase between 1991
and 1996. The facility, which manufactures leather
for shoes, boots, and upholstery, uses phosphoric
acid in a wastewater pretreatment system.
Phosphoric acid is neutralized upon introduction to
the activated sludge system and supplies phosphate
as a nutrient to biological organisms that aid in
waste biodegradation. Between 1991 and 1996, the
activated sludge system was found to be
performing poorly due to a phosphate deficiency.
            As a result, the facility increased the amount of
            phosphoric acid introduced into the system.

            Twin City Tanning in South Saint Paul, Missouri
            (SIC code 3111), was third in increases with
            119,000 pounds. This custom tannery uses
            manganese sulfate in a wastewater pretreatment
            system to oxidize sulfides that are used to de-hair
            cattle hides. Reported manganese compounds were
            responsible for 88% of the facility's increase. The
            pretreatment system was installed in 1991 and was,
            therefore, not in operation for the entire reporting
            year.

            Pfister & Vogel Leather in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
            (SIC code 3111), ranked first in decreases of waste
            managed with an overall 4.7  million-pound
            reduction. Chromium compounds accounted for  all
            of the decrease. Trivalent chromium ion, the
                                                                                                  359
-------
          Chapter 10 — TRI Data for Leather and Leather Products
 primary chemical component of the tanning
 process, migrates from an aqueous solution, or
 "chrome liquor," into rawhide and bonds to the
 material, creating leather. The used chrome liquor,
 along with water used to wash the tanned hides, is
 pumped to a recycling system where chromium is
 isolated and prepared for reuse. The reported
 decrease in on-site recycling of chromium
 compounds was due a change in estimation
 methodology. According to the facility contact, in
 1991 the amount of chromium reported as recycled
 on-site was estimated on the basis of the total
 weight of chromium compounds recycled (e.g., the
 amount of the chromium and the other elements
 making up the compound). After 1991, this figure
 was calculated using only the weight of chromium.

 Garden State Tanning in Fleetwood, Pennsylvania
 (SIC code 3111), was second in decreases of waste
 managed with a reduction of 1.4 million pounds. A
 manufacturer of automotive leather, this facility
 used toluene and other solvents in a finish-coating
 process. Late in 1991, an incinerator that burned
 emissions from the facility's finish drying ovens
 broke down. Instead of replacing the incinerator,
 Garden State opted to initiate a source reduction
 program, with guidance from the Pennsylvania
 Department of Environmental Resources, that
 involved phasing out high-VOC, solvent-based
 coatings and substituting water-based coatings.
 Consequently, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, and
 methyl isobutyl ketone were eliminated. Toluene
 reporting accounted for 44% of the facility's overall
 decrease between 1991 and 1996.  This plant was a
 participant of the EPA's 33/50 Program. All three
 of the eliminated solvents were 33/50 chemicals.

 Garden State Tanning in Williamsport, Maryland
 (SIC code 3111), ranked third in decreases with an
 overall 981,000 pounds. Like its counterpart in
 Freeport, Pennsylvania, this manufacturer of
 automotive leather eliminated emissions of high
 VOC solvents by switching from solvent-based
finish-coating operations to water-based operations.
Toluene accounted for 43% of the reduction in
waste managed at the Williamsport plant between
1991 and 1996.

Facilities Contacted for Explanations
(alphabetical by facility):

   Blackhawk Leather, Ltd., Milwaukee,
   Wisconsin: Paul Holzman, September 1, 1998
   (explanation provided)
   Eagle Ottawa Leather Company, Grand Haven,
   Michigan: Scott Braspenninx, September 1,
   1998 (explanation provided)
   Eagle Tanning Company, Waterloo, Iowa: John
   Vankamen, September 1, 1998 (explanation
   provided)
   Garden State Tanning, Inc., Fleetwood,
   Pennsylvania and Williamsport, Maryland:
   Chris Ehret, September 1 and September 30,
   1998 (explanation provided)
   Irving Tanning Company, Hartland, Maine:
   Richard Holden, September 1,1998
   (explanation provided)
   Law Tanning Company, Milwaukee,
   Wisconsin: Thomas Squire, September 1 and
   September 30, 1998 (explanation provided)
   Pfister & Vogel Leather, Milwaukee,
   Wisconsin: Michael J. Travis, August 31 and
   September 1, 1998 (explanation provided)
.   Prime Tanning Corporation, Saint Joseph,
   Missouri: Rick A. Ream, September 1,  1998
   (explanation provided)
   Seton Company, Newark, New Jersey: Juan
   Flores and Carl Zipfel, September 1, 1998
   (explanation provided)
   Twin City Tanning Company, L.L.P., South
   Saint Paul, Missouri: John N. Smith,
   September 1, 1998 (explanation provided)
360
-------
                               Chapter 11
             Toxics Release Inventory Data
        for Stone,  Clay, Glass,  and Concrete
                             (SIC Code 32)
A Look at the Stone, Clay,
Glass,  and Concrete
Industry
(SIC Code 32)

The stone, clay, glass, and concrete products sector
(SIC code 32) manufactures flat glass and other
glass products, cement, structural clay products,
pottery, concrete and gypsum products, cut stone,
and abrasive and asbestos products. Products made
from materials taken principally from the earth in
the form of stone, clay, or sand are classified in this
SIC code.  Box 11-1 lists Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) codes and their designations
for this sector. In TRI, SIC codes are given as
reported by the facilities; these may differ from
information in economic and other data collections.

The stone, clay, glass, and concrete sector shipped
products valued at $82.44 billion in 1996, up from
$75.93 billion in 1995 (both in current dollars).
Employment also rose, from 501,000 in 1995 to
520,000 in 1996. Production levels in this sector
dropped from 1989 to 1991, but increased modestly
through 1996. From 1989 to 1996, stone, clay,
glass, and concrete production rose 3.4%,
compared to an increase of 17.6% for U.S.
manufacturing as a whole (see Chapter 1, Table 1-
10).

Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products (SIC code
327) contributed about 40% of the sector's
shipments ($32.69 billion) and employment
(205,000) in 1996. Other industry groups (at the
three-digit SIC code level) with a substantial
portion of the sector's economic activity were
miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products (SIC
code 329), with $13.24 billion in shipments, and
pressed or blown glass and glassware (SIC code
322), with $10.06 billion in shipments.

Industries that accounted for most of the stone,
clay, glass, and concrete sector's reporting of TRI
releases and waste management represented smaller
levels of economic activity within the sector. These
industries include hydraulic cement (SIC code
3241), with $5.82 billion in 1996 shipments;
miscellaneous pressed and blown glass (SIC code
3229) with $5.72 billion; and mineral wool (SIC
code 3296, primarily fiberglass) with $4.15 billion.
                                                                                361
-------
              Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
 Box 11-1. SIC Code 32, Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete:  Codes and Classifications
   SIC Code
                                                                  Industry Description
   321  Flit Glass
        3211    Flat Glass

   322  Glass and Glassware, Pressed or Blown
        3221    Glass Containers

        3229    Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware, nee*
   323  Glass Products, Made of Purchased Glass
        3231   Glass Products, Made of Purchased Glass

   324  Cement, Hydraulic
        3241   Cetncnt, Hydraulic

   325  Structural Clay Products
        3251   Brick and Structural Clay Tile
        3253   Ceramic Wall and Floor Tile
        3255   Clay Refractories
        3259   Structural Clay Products, nee*

   326  Pottery and Related Products
        3261   Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures and China and
               Earthenware Fittings and Bathroom Accessories
        3262   Vitreous China Table and Kitchen Articles
        3263   Fine Earthenware (Whiteware) Table and Kitchen
               Articles
        3264   Porcelain Electrical Supplies
        3269   Pottery Products, nee*
  327  Concrete, Gypsum, and Plaster Products
        3271   Concrete Block and Brick

        3272   Concrete Products, Except Block and Brick

        3273   Ready-mixed Concrete


        3274   Lime

        3275   Gypsum Products

  323  Cut Stone and Stone Products
        3281   Cut Stone and Stone Products

  329  Abrasive, Asbestos, and Miscellaneous Nonmctallic
        Mineral Products
        3291   Abrasive Products

        3292   Asbestos Products
 Manufacture of flat glass. Manufacture of laminated glass, from flat glass
 produced in the same establishment.

 Manufacture of glass containers for commercial packing and bottling and for
 home canning, from glass produced in the same establishment.
 Manufacture of miscellaneous glass and glassware pressed, blown, or shaped
 from glass produced in the same establishment. Includes manufacture of textile
 glass fibers.

 Manufacture of glass products from purchased glass.
Manufacture of hydraulic cement, including Portland, natural, masonry, and
pozzolana cements.

Manufacture of brick and structural clay tile.
Manufacture of ceramic wall and floor tile.
Manufacture of clay firebrick and other heat-resisting clay products.
Manufacture of clay sewer pipe and other miscellaneous structural clay products.
Manufacture of vitreous china plumbing fixtures and earthenware fittings and
bathroom accessories.
Manufacture of vitreous china table and kitchen articles for use in households
and in hotels, restaurants, and other commercial institutions, for preparing,
serving, or storing food or drink.
Manufacture of fine (semivitreous) earthenware table and kitchen articles for
preparing, serving, or storing food or drink.
Manufacture of porcelain electronic and other electrical insulators, molded
porcelain parts for electrical devices, spark plug and steatitic porcelain, and
electronic and electrical supplies from clay and other ceramic materials.
Firing and decorating of white china and earthenware for the trade. Manufacture
of art and ornamental pottery, industrial and laboratory pottery, stoneware and
coarse earthenware table and kitchen articles, unglazed red earthenware florists'
articles, and other miscellaneous pottery products.

Manufacture of concrete building block and brick from a combination of cement
and aggregate.
Manufacture of concrete products, except block and brick, from a combination of
cement and aggregate.
Manufacture of Portland cement concrete delivered to a purchaser in a plastic
and unhardened state. Includes production and sale of central-mixed, shrink-
mixed, and truck-mixed concrete.
Manufacture of quicklime, hydrated lime, and "dead-burned" dolomite from
limestone, dolomite shells, or other substances.
Manufacture of plaster, plasterboard, and other products composed wholly or
chiefly of gypsum, except articles of plaster of Paris and papier-mSche'.

Cutting, shaping, and finishing granite, marble, limestone, slate, and other stone
for building and miscellaneous uses.
Manufacture of abrasive grinding wheels of natural or synthetic materials,
abrasive-coated products, and other abrasive products.
Manufacture of asbestos textiles, asbestos building materials (except asbestos
paper), insulating materials for covering boilers and pipes, and other products
composed wholly or chiefly of asbestos.	
*nc« not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
362
-------
                                       Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrett
Box 11-1. SIC Code 32, Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete: Codes and Classifications, Continued
 SIC Code
                                                  Industry Description
      3295  Minerals and Earths, Ground or Otherwise Treated
      3296   Mineral Wool

      3297   Nonclay Refractories
      3299   Nonmetallic Mineral Products, nee*
Crushing, grinding, pulverizing, or otherwise preparing clay, ceramic, and
refractory minerals, barite, and miscellaneous nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
(excludes establishments operating a mine or quarry). Crushing of slag and
preparing roofing granules.
Manufacture of mineral wool and mineral wool insulation products made of rock,
slag, glass, and similar materials, or combinations thereof.
Manufacture of refractories and crucibles made of materials other than clay.
Factory production of goods made of plaster of Paris and papier-m3ch6.
Manufacture of sand lime products and other miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
products.	
*nec: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
The manufacture of hydraulic cement (SIC code
3241), such as Portland cement, generally requires
two types of raw materials: Limestone or chalk is
used to supply calcium, and clay or shale supplies
silica. These materials are mixed with sand and sent
through a rotary kiln to produce clinker (hard
nodules). Clinker is then ground to a powder that
will harden when reacted with water. Cements for
special purposes undergo similar manufacture.
White cement, for example, is made using raw
materials .with little iron content. Pozzolana cement
is made by incorporating  natural materials such as
diatomaceous earths or shales. Masonry cement
also incorporates pozzolans, in addition to hydrated
lime, air-entraining agents, and other constituents.
Because of the high temperatures involved, cement
kilns often receive hazardous and other wastes for
waste management purposes. This practice
accounts for the industry's reporting of large
      amounts of energy recovery of TRI chemicals such
      as toluene. These chemicals are combusted in waste
      used as fuel.

      Glass is manufactured by melting sand, limestone
      (for calcium and magnesium), and other substances
      at high temperatures. More than 90% of all glass is
      produced by combining soda, lime, and silica to
      obtain a material that can be melted and worked at
      a reasonable temperature and yet yield a durable
      product. Powdered anthracite coal may be used as  a
      reducing agent. Iron, chromium, cerium, cobalt, or
      nickel may be added as a colorant. Boric oxide is
      used to make glass that better withstands heat;
      products include ovenware, laboratory equipment,
       and piping. Lead lowers the melting point of glass,
      enabling it to be worked through a broad
       temperature range. Lead oxide increases the
       refractive index of glass, often used in the
       production of optical glass.
                                                   Sources

    Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987:
        Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and industry descriptions.
    U.S. Industry & Trade Outlook '98, DRI/McGraw Hill, Standard & Poor's, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
        International Trade Administration, 1998: economic analyses, also provides some information on environment and
        industrial processes for selected industries.
    U S. Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufactures: Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries, M96(AS)-1,
        February 1998 : value of shipments and employment.
        Supplemental data from U.S. Census Bureau  for some industries.
    U S Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Office of Compliance, Profile
        of the Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete Products Industry, Sector Notebook project, EPA/310-R-97-017, September
        1995. : industry processes and technologies, pollutant sources, and
        selected economic data.
    Kirk-Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 1985: industry processes and technologies.	
                                                                                                          363
-------
           Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete


 Table 11-1. Summary of TRI Information by4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32
Total Total
On- and Production-
Off-sitc related
Releases Waste
Rank Rank
IS
16
2
S
3
4
7
6
27
20
21
22
19
24
25
14
28
18
23
17
11
5
9
I
13
12
10
26

15
18
2
12
1
6
11
19
27
13
21
24
14
22
25
16
28
23
26
20
9
5
3
4
10
7
8
17

SIC
Code
3211
3221
3229
3231
3241
3251
3253
3255
3259
3261
3262
3263
3264
3269
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3281
3291
3292
3295
3296
3297
3299



Industry
Flat Glass
Glass Containers
Pressed & Blown Glass, nee*
Products of Purchased Glass
Cement, Hydraulic
Brick & Structural Clay Tile
Ceramic Wall & Floor Tile
Clay Refractories
Structural Clay Products, nee*
Vitreous Plumbing Fixtures
Vitreous China Table & Kitchenware
Semivitreous Table & Kitchenware
Porcelain Electrical Supplies
Pottery Products, nee*
Concrete Block & Brick
Concrete Products, nee*
Ready-mixed Concrete
Lime
Gypsum Products
Cut Stone & Stone Products
Abrasive Products
Asbestos Products
Minerals, Ground or Treated
Mineral Wool
Nonclay Refractories
Nonmetallic Mineral Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 32
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 32
Total for SIC Code 32
Total
Facilities
Number
12
26
49
49
70
109
25
20
1
6
6
1
14
7
2
16
1
3
5
15
29
3
45
46
31
14
30
5
640
Total
Forms
Number
31
32
129
79
444
262
51
37
1
15
7
2
29
8
3
26
1
4
5
17
61
19
150
149
57
28
64
5
1,716
Form As
Number
1
3
3
3
68
80
1
5
0
2
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
3
2
11
2
6
1
199
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
249,328
108,675
3,575,029
976,954
6,350,765
4,657,903
523,403
1,066,944
5
8,242
4,387
3,849
62,510
1,831
8,067
235,028
0
101,842
11,352
156,037
546,512
1,672,856
882,639
10,195,490
121,526
389,444
686,190
1,815
32,598,623
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
1,203
82,591
3,733,236
43,085
19,092
46,122
533,538
15,080
o
63,752
41,709
34,100
30,969
8,637
0
24,028
o
0
34
o
172,673
649,197
41,580
305,900
163,680
3,888
127,709
0
6,141,803
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
250,531
191,266
7,308,265
1,020,039
6,369,857
4,704,025
1,056,941
1,082,024
5
71,994
46,096
37,949
93,479
10,468
8,067
259,056
o
101,842
1 1,386
156,037
719485
2,322,053
924,219
10,501,390
285,206
393,332
813,899
U815
38,740,426
II	 \C rr-	rT^i	—•»• - v« * ".". iv. v,.i-a,it rraaic luauageuwni irom oecnon o or form K. Utt-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-1
disposal) of Porra R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R Total
Productlon-rclatcd Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents)
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-dtgit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple" category
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 Air emissions result from both raw materials and
 additives during the melting process in glass
 production, along with releases of nitrogen oxides
 and sulfur oxides from fuel combustion. Chemicals
 applied during finishing processes include
 hydrofluoric and sulfuric acids, potassium nitrate,
 chromic and sulfuric acid mixtures, and others.
 Solvents are used as cleaning agents, once the glass
 products are formed, cooled, and treated.

 Mineral wool (SIC code 3296) is an inorganic
 fibrous material processed by steam blasting and
 cooling molten silicate or a similar substance. The
 chief use of this material is insulation. The fibers
may be processed into flexible blanket forms,
pressed (with organic binders) into flexible or rigid
felts, or vacuum-formed into intricate rigid shapes.
Textile fiberglass (or electrical glass), made in this
industry, is used in the production of fireproof
cloth.

1996 TRI  Data  for Stone,
Clay,  Glass, and Concrete

Table 11-1 summarizes TRI reporting by the stone,
clay, glass, and concrete sector for 1996.
364
-------
                                      Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
Table 11-1.  Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32,
SIC
Code
3211
3221
3229
3231
3241
3251
3253
3255
3259
3261
3262
3263
3264
3269
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3281
3291
3292
3295
3296
3297
3299


Industry
Flat Glass
Glass Containers
Pressed & Blown Glass, nee*
Products of Purchased Glass
Cement, Hydraulic
Brick & Structural Clay Tile
Ceramic Wall & Floor Tile
Clay Refractories
Structural Clay Products, nee*
Vitreous Plumbing Fixtures
Vitreous China Table & Kitchenware
Semivitreous Table & Kitchenware
Porcelain Electrical Supplies
Pottery Products, nee*
Concrete Block & Brick
Concrete Products, nee*
Ready-mixed Concrete
Lime
Gypsum Products
Cut Stone & Stone Products
Abrasive Products
Asbestos Products
Minerals, Ground or Treated
Mineral Wool
Nonclay Refractories
Nonmetallic Mineral Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 32
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 32
Total for SIC Code 32
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
191,646
138,480
139,047,439
922,940
416,778,569
1,122,940
1,254,296
205,887
0
144,003
0
0
382,793
90,725
0
154,247
0
0
45
764
1,362,304
5,230,879
35,823,239
5,932,647
2,180,402
4,511,507
2,309,633
191
617,785,576
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
51,717
3,100
3,116,438
650,039
1,598,325
0
112,271
758
0
473,753
124,784
0
96,817
2,961
5,235
115,896
0
0
0
14,148
605,310
131,423
1,650,319
1,255,885
70,955
111,076
369,568
537
10,561,315
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
490,240
329,317
150,624,246
2,349,901
425,302,604
5,537,006
2,381,922
290,646
661,769
170,559
38,300
579,207
102,811
13,301
471,813
0
i ni 0-2*7
101,o3/
745
206,347
3,282,128
7,674,906
38,523,666
18,083,349
2,531,114
5,010,773
3,563,551
446,922
668,768,984
Non-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
0
960
73,462
1,844
92
252
1
0
O
\j
0
3,890
0
711
0



1
5
0
4,346
524
0
5,129
0
91,217
 Note- On-site Releases from Section 5 or Form K. On-site waste Management rrom actuuu o ui ruim jx. v>u-ai» *«»c.«»a> .^.^ ^^^ ~ ^	—- —-
 disposal) of Form R Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
 Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic uicidents).
 Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
  The sector submitted 1,716 forms in 1996. Of
  these, 199 were Form A certification statements
  certifying that a facility's total annual reportable
  amount of a TRI chemical was less than 500
  pounds for the year and that the facility did not
  manufacture, process, or otherwise use more than 1
  million pounds. (The Form A certification
  statement is explained in Chapter 1.)

  The hydraulic cement industry (SIC code 3241)
  submitted 444 forms, one-fourth (25.9%) of the
  stone, clay, glass, and concrete sector's forms in
  1996. The brick and structural clay tile industry
(SIC code 3251) submitted 262 forms (15.3%).
Ground or treated minerals (SIC code 3295)
submitted 150 forms, and mineral wool (SIC code
3296) submitted 149 forms (8.7% each).

The mineral wool industry (SIC code 3296)
reported the largest on-site releases and total on-
and off-site releases in the stone, clay, glass, and
concrete sector in 1996. This industry reported on-
site releases of 10.2 million pounds, 31.3% of the
sector's total of 32.6 million pounds, and total on-
and off-site releases of 10.5 million pounds, 27.1%
of the sector's total of 38.7 million pounds.
                                                                                                        365
-------
           Chapter 11 —TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
  However, the mineral wool industry did not rank
  among the top three industries in the sector for any
  other summary category shown in Table  11-1.

  The hydraulic cement industry (SIC code 3241)
  ranked second for on-site releases with 6.4 million
  pounds, 19.5%  of the sector's on-site releases. The
  miscellaneous pressed and blown glass industry
  (SIC code 3229) ranked second for total on- and
  off-site releases with 7.3 million pounds, 18.9% of
  the sector's total on- and off-site releases.

  Miscellaneous pressed and blown glass (SIC code
  3229) also reported the largest off-site releases in
  this sector, with 3.7 million pounds. This amount
  was 60.8% of the sector's total of 6.1 million
 pounds of off-site releases. Ranking second, the
 asbestos products industry (SIC code 3292)
 reported 649,000 pounds, or 10.6% of the total.

 The hydraulic cement industry (SIC code 3241)
 reported the largest amounts of other on-site waste
 management and total production-related waste in
 the stone, clay, glass, and concrete sector, as shown
 in Table 11-1. This industry reported 416.8 million
 pounds of other on-site waste management, two-
 thirds (67.5%) of the sector's total of 617.8 million
 pounds. Hydraulic cement also accounted for 425.3
 million pounds of total production-related waste,
 nearly two-thirds (63.6%) of the sector's total of
 668.8 million pounds. The miscellaneous  pressed
 and blown glass industry (SIC code 3229) ranked
 second in both categories, with 139.0 million
 pounds of other  on-site waste management and
 150.6 million pounds of total production-related
 waste. These amounts were 22.5% of each of these
 categories for the sector as a whole.

 Miscellaneous pressed and blown  glass (SIC code
 3229) ranked first for reporting of transfers off-site
 for further waste management, with 3.1 million
 pounds, which was 29.5% of the sector's total of
 10.6 million pounds. Ground or treated minerals
 (SIC code 3295) ranked second in this category
 with 1.7 million pounds (15.6%).


 Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 32

 Some facilities in the stone, clay, glass, and
 concrete sector manufacture products that are
 classified in related, but distinct SIC codes. A
 facility may manufacture both flat glass (SIC code
 3211) and products made of purchased glass (SIC
 code 3231). Another facility may produce both
 ground or treated minerals (SIC code 3295) and
 miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products (SIC
 code 3299). Such facilities will report multiple SIC
 codes on their TRI forms. (Box 1-5 in Chapter 1
 further explains reporting of multiple SIC codes
 and its affect on the analyses presented in the TRI
 data release.)

 Table 11-2 examines TRI reporting on forms that
 reported more than one SIC code within SIC code
 32. There were 64 such forms. The most frequent
 combination, appearing on 24 of the forms, was
 clay refractories (SIC code 3255) and non-clay
 refractories (SIC code 3297). These facilities
 manufacture refractories (bricks and other shapes)
 and crucibles for use in high-heat furnaces. Ten
 forms combined ground or treated minerals (SIC
 code 3295) and miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
 products (SIC code 3299).

 The 64 multiple-codes forms in SIC code 32
 reported 814,000 pounds of total on- and off-site
 releases, 2.3 million pounds of other on-site waste
 management, 370,000 pounds of transfers off-site
 for further waste management, and 3.6 million
 pounds of total production-related waste, as shown
 in Table 11-2. The combination of flat glass (SIC
 code 3211) and products made of purchased glass
 (SIC code 3231) reported the largest total on- and
 off-site releases, 474,000 pounds. A combination  of
three products—miscellaneous pressed and blown
glass (SIC code 3229), non-clay refractories
366
-------
                                    Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
Table 11-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32
SIC Codes
3211
3221
3229
3229
3251
3255
3255
3255
3261
3271
3274
3291
3291
3295
3295
3297
3231
3295
3231
3297 3299
3271
3261 3264 3291
3295
3297
3298
3273
3297
3297 3299
3299
3297
3299
3299
Total for SIC Code 32
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
6
1
1
3
1
3
2
24
1
1
2
1
4
3
10
1
64
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
6
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
473,795
282
4
2,830
46,000
33
740
16,230
48
3,996
1,475
0
42,600
9,131
88,947
79
686,190
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
3,911
0
97,092
4,503
0
0
200
1,087
0
20,916
0
127,709
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off-site for
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
473,795
282
4
2,830
46,000
3,944
740
113,322
4,551
3,996
1,475
200
43,687
9,131
109,863
79
813,899
0
0
14,664
2,010,000
0
0
1,470
226,312
9,537
0
24,200
0
23,450
0
0
0
2,309,633
0
0
0
33,055
0
0
0
14,121
3,345
0
820
200
1,400
0
316,627
0
369,568
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
473,540
282
94,774
2,045,498
46,000
3,911
3,240
348,705
17,232
8,360
25,140
400
67,950
9,131
419,309
79
3,563,551
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,129
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,129
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases are transfers off-site to disposal
 from Section 6 of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 of Form R. Total Production-related Waste sums
 Section 8 of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
 (SIC code 3297), and miscellaneous nonmetallic
 mineral products (SIC code 3299)—reported the
 largest total production-related waste, 2.0 million
 pounds.

 On- and Off-site Releases

 The stone, clay, glass, and concrete sector reported
 30.0 million pounds of air emissions in 1996, which
 was 77.5% of all on- and off-site releases reported
 by this sector. The sector also reported 2.4 million
 pounds of other on-site land releases and 6.1
 million pounds of off-site releases (transfers to
 disposal). These amounts were 6.2% and 15.9%,
 respectively, of total releases. Other types of
 releases accounted for less than 0.5% each of the
 sector's total. Table 11-3 presents on- and off-site
 releases reported by the stone, clay, glass, and
 concrete sector in 1996. Figure 11-1  illustrates the
 distribution of these releases by type.

 The mineral wool industry (SIC code 3296)
 reported the largest air emissions in the stone, clay,
 glass, and concrete sector. This industry reported
 9.9 million pounds (33.0% of the sector's  total air
 emissions), including 5.0 million pounds of
ammonia and 2.0 million pounds of formaldehyde.
The hydraulic cement industry (SIC code 3241)
reported the second-largest air emissions, with 5.7
million pounds (18.9%), including 4.5 million
pounds of hydrochloric acid. The industry with the
third-largest reported air emissions was brick and
structural clay tile manufacturing (SIC code 3251),
with 4.6 million pounds (15.4%), including 3.7
million pounds of hydrogen fluoride.

The clay refractories industry (SIC code 3255)
ranked first for other on-site land releases in this
sector, reporting 1.0 million pounds, or 41.5% of
the sector's total, almost all of which was
phosphoric acid. Hydraulic cement production (SIC
code 3241) accounted for the second-largest other
on-site land releases with 671,000 pounds (27.8%).
Mineral wool (SIC code 3296) ranked third, with
269,000 pounds (11.1%).

Miscellaneous pressed and blown glass production
(SIC code 3229) reported the sector's largest off-
site releases (transfers to disposal), with 3.7 million
pounds or 60.8% of the total. This industry reported
transferring 2.7 million pounds of lead compounds
off-site to  disposal, and one facility in this industry
                                                                                                    367
-------
            Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete


 Table 11-3. TRIOn-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3296
3229
3241
3251
3292
1255
3253
3231
3295
3291
3299
3297
3272
3211
3221
32SI
3274
3264
3261
3263
jaw
}271

32S9
3273

Industry
Mineral Wool
PreueiJ & Blown Glass, nee*
Cement, Hydraulic
Brick & Structural Clay Tite
AihestM Products
Clay Refractories
Cewnis Will & Floor Tite
Products of Purchased Glass
Minerals, Ground orTrcated
Multiple within SIC Code 32
AbnsKe Products
Nommctaliic Mineral Products, nee*
Nonday Refractories
Concrete Products, ncc*
Flat Glass
Gfait Containers
C« Stone & Stone Products
Umc
Porcelain Electrical Supplies
Vitreous Plumbing Fixtures
Vitreous China Table & Kitchenware
ScmMtreous Table & Kitchenware
Gypsum Products
Pottery Product*, nee*
Concrete Block & Brick-
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 32
Structural CI»y Products, nee*
Ready-mixed Concrete
Total fix- SIC Code 32
Surface
Total Air Water
Emissions Discharges
Pounds Pounds
9,915,677
3,430,429
5,662,118
4,631,615
1,662,051
63,013
354,237
969,607
795,774
666,659
546,262
376,908
69,691
210,241
249,298
108,521
156,037
63,305
60,459
7,926
4,367
2,803
11,352
1,350
8,067
1,815
5
0
30,029,587
10,010
4,868
56
270
24
261
1,275
0
25,699
550
0
0
1,012
0
25
154
0
0
1,042
11
15
166
0
5
0
0
0
0
45,443
Underground Injection
Class I Class H-V
Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
778
48,114
17.584
7.362
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9,400
21.383
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
880
0
476
0
0
0
0
105,977
269.025
91,618
671,007
18.656
10.781
1,003.670
167,891
7.347
61.166
18,981
250
3,136
29,440
24,787
5
0
0
38,537
9
305
5
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
2,416,616
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
10,195,490
3,575,029
6,350,765
4,657,903
1,672,856
1,066,944
523,403
976,954
882,639
686.190
546.512
389,444
121,526
235,028
249,328
108,675
156,037
101,842
62,510
8,242
4,387
3,849
1 1 ,352
1,831
s!o67
1,815
5
0
32,598,623
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
305.900
3,733,236
19,092
46.122
649.197
15,080
533,538
43.085
41,580
127,709
172,673
3,888
163.680
24,028
1,203
82,591
0
0
30,969
63,752
41,709
34,100
34
8,637
o
o
0
0
6,141,803
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
10,501,390
7,308,265
6,369,857
4,704,025
2,322,053
1,082,024
1,056,941
1 ,020,039
924,219
813.899
719,185
393,332
285.206
259,056
250.53 1
191,266
156.037
101,842
93,479
71.994
46,096
37,949'
1 1 386

8 067
1,81 5

0
38,740,426
 *i»*vi.« •\uri4-aufe Ax*c«v*tava uum sjccuuii j \jt ruini jr\. \_/ii-siie Jtvuieases
 SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 *n«c: not elsewhere classified.
          Transfers Off-site
            to Disposal
             15.9%
  Other On-sfte
 Land Releases
    6.2%

       RCRA
      Subtitle C
       Landfills
       0.3%
                            Surface Water = 0.1%
                            Underground Injection < 0.1%
    Figure 11-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site
    Releases, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
                    (SIC Code 32)
Note: On-stte Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from
Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
reported 969,000 pounds of that amount. The
asbestos products industry (SIC code 3292) ranked
second for off-site releases  with 649,000 pounds,
10.6% of the total, and the ceramic wall and floor
tile industry (SIC code 3253) ranked third with
534,000 pounds, 8.7% of the total.

Figure 11-2 shows the distribution of on- and off-
site releases for the industries (four-digit SIC code)
with the sector's largest releases.

Other On-site Waste Management

Nearly three-quarters (72.1%) of the stone, clay,
glass, and concrete sector's  other on-site waste
management in 1996 was reported as on-site energy
 368
-------
                                    Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
             12,000,000
              10,000,000-
              8,000,000 -
              6,000,000 -
           D_
              4,000,000 -
              2,000,000 -
   H Transfers Off-site to Disposal
   • Other On-site Land Releases
   m RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
   DUIJ, Class II-V Wells
   nUIJ, Class I Wells
   a Surface Water
   EAir
                        3296    3229   3241   3251    3292    3255   3253   3231    3295    Mult.

      Figure 11-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
                           Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal). UIJ = underground injection. Forms with
more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 recovery. As indicated in Table 11-4, the sector
 reported 445.3 million pounds of on-site energy
 recovery. Most of the remainder (24.3%) was
 reported as on-site recycling, which totaled 149.8
 million pounds. The sector reported 22.7 million
 pounds of on-site treatment, 3.7% of total on-site
 waste management. Figure 11-3 illustrates the
 percentage distribution of the three waste
 management types.

 The hydraulic cement industry (SIC  code 3241)
 reported 405.7 million pounds of on-site energy
 recovery, 91.1% of the sector's total in this waste
 management method. The industry reported on-site
 energy recovery of 121.2 million pounds of toluene
 and 116.6 million pounds of xylenes. One facility
 in SIC code 3241 reported  15.0 million pounds of
 toluene and 19.0 million pounds of xylenes burned
on-site for energy recovery. Another facility in this
industry reported 14.2 million pounds of toluene,
and a third facility reported 20.3 million pounds of
xylenes, both in energy recovery. The ground or
treated minerals industry (SIC code 3295) ranked
second among stone, clay, glass, and concrete
industries with 35.2 million pounds (7.9%) in
energy recovery. Few other industries in this sector
reported on-site energy recovery.

The miscellaneous pressed and blown glass
industry (SIC code 3229) reported  136.0 million
pounds of on-site recycling, 90.8% of the sector's
total reporting in this category. Miscellaneous
pressed and blown glass reported on-site recycling
of 96.5  million pounds of lead compounds and 34.9
million pounds of barium compounds. Three
facilities in the miscellaneous pressed and blown
                                                                                                   369
-------
           Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete

 Table 11-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3241
3229
3295
3296
3292
3299
3297
3291
3253
3251
3231
3264
3255
3211
3272
3261
3221
3269
3281

3275
3259
3262
3263
3271
3273
3274

Industry
Cement, Hydraulic
Pressed & Blown Glass, nee*
Minerals, Ground or Treated
Mineral Wool
Asbestos Products
Nonmetallic Mineral Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 32
Monday Refractories
Abrasive Products
Ceramic Wall & Floor Tile
Brick & Structural Clay Tile
Products of Purchased Glass
Porcelain Electrical Supplies
City Refractories
Flat Glass
Concrete Products, nee*
Vitreous Plumbing Fixtures
Glass Containers
Pottery Products, nee*
Cut Stone & Stone Products
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 32
Gypsum Products
Structural Clay Products, nee*
Vitreous China Table & Kitchenware
Semi vitreous Table & Kitchenware
Concrete Block & Brick
Ready-mixed Concrete
Lime
Total for SIC Code 32
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
56,079
136,031,875
4,082
3,239,352
4,818,516
4,126
272,313
2,043,098
496,029
1,254,296
834,599
229,255
49,412
196,087
191,646
0
12,253
0
90,725
0
0
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
149,823,758
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
405,667,303
0
35,210,152
0
0
4,212,915
2,400
460
150,400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14,600
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
445,258,980
Treated
On-site
Pounds
11,055,187
3,015,564
609,005
2,693,295
412,363
294,466
2,034,920
136,844
715,875
0
288,341
693,685
333,381
9,800
0
154,247
131,750
123,880
0
14
191
30
0
0
0
0
0
0
22,702,838
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
416,778,569
139,047,439
35,823,239
5,932,647
5,230,879
4,511,507
2,309,633
2,180,402
1,362,304
1,254,296
1,122,940
922,940
382,793
205,887
191,646
154,247
144,003
138,480
90,725
764
191
45
0
0
0
0
0
0
617,785,576
Note: Other On-sitc Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the
"multiple" category.
*nc« not elsewhere classified.
 glass industry reported on-site recycling of 49.0
 million pounds, 20.0 million pounds, and 17.6
 million pounds of lead compounds, respectively.
 One facility in this industry accounted for 25.6
 million pounds of on-site recycling of barium
 compounds. The asbestos products industry (SIC
 code 3292) reported 4.8 million pounds of on-site
 recycling and ranked second in that category with
 3.2% of the sector's total. The mineral wool
 industry (SIC code 3296) ranked third with 3.2
 million pounds (2.2%).
Hydraulic cement (SIC code 3241) reported
approximately half (48.7%) of the on-site
treatment, 11.1 million pounds. Miscellaneous
pressed and blown glass (SIC code 3229) ranked
second with 3.0 million pounds (13.3%). Mineral
wool (SIC code 3296) reported the third-largest
amount, 2.7 million pounds (11.9%).

Figure 11-4 illustrates the distribution of on-site
waste management reporting for the top industries
in this sector.
370
-------
                                    Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
                Treated
                On-site
                 3.7%
                                        Recycled
                                         On-site
                                         24.3%
 Energy Recovery
     On-site
     72.1%
   Figure 11-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste
   Management, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
                   (SIC Code 32)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

As shown in Table 11-5, the stone, clay, glass, and
concrete sector reported transfers off-site for further
waste management of 3.7 million pounds to
recycling, 2.9 million pounds to energy recovery,
3.0 million pounds to treatment, and 1.0 million
pounds to POTWs in 1996. Figure 11-5 illustrates
the distribution of transfers off-site for further
waste management by transfer type.

The pressed and blown glass industry (SIC code
3229) reported 1.6 million pounds of transfers to
recycling, or 43.5% of the sector's total. Most of
this was recycling of lead compounds (1.1 million
pounds). The mineral wool industry (SIC code
           450,000,000



           400,000,000 -



           350,000,000 -



           300,000,000 -



           250,000,000 -



           200,000,000 -



           150,000,000 -



           100,000,000



            50,000,000
                    D Treated
                    • Energy Recovery
                      3241
                             3229
                                     3295
                                            3296
                                                   3292
                                                          3299
                                                                 Mult.
                                                                        3297
                                                                                3291
                                                                                       3253
      Figure 11-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                           Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)
 Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the
 "multiple" category.
                                                                                                   371
-------
            Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
 Table 11-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32
 (in Rank Order)


SIC
Code

3229
3295
3241
31%
3231
3291
3261
3,292
aa«
3272
3253
3299
3KM
32OT
3211
3281
3271
3221
3249
3255

3251
3259
3263
3273
3274
3275




Industry

Pressed & Blown Glass, nee*
Minerals, Ground or Treated
Cement, Hydraulic
Mineral Wool
Products of Purchased Glass
Abrasive Products
Vitreous Plumbing Fixtures
Multiple within SIC Code 32
Asbciloi Products
Vitreouj China Table & KHchenware
Concrete Products, ncc*
Ceramic Wall & Floor Tite
NonmeUlKc Mineral Products, nee*
Pweeliin Electrical Supplies
Monday Refractories
Fiji Glass
Qtt Stone & Stone Products
Concrete Block &, Brick
Gins Containers
Pottery Products, nee*
Ctay Refractories
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 32
Brick & Structural Clay Tile
Siructunl Ctoy Products, nee*
Semivitreous Table & Kitehenware
Ready-mixed Concrete
Lime
Gvpsum Products
Total for SIC Code 32


Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
1,597,461
9,000
151,805
667,526
188,096
38,526
473,353
17,690
83,800
49,575
104,195
109,429
0
81,658
56,461
27,142
13,736
0
2,160
0
0
537
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,672,150

Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
2,255
1,512,339
1,016,097
683
149,201
1 14,003
0
0
47,539
65
4,450
0
0
10,944
6,981
0
412
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,865,219


Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
1,191,575
128,720
429,673
405,163
74,341
363,128
8
167,693
8
74,874
0
0
111,076
1,017
6,200
24,543
0
5,235
690
2,900
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,987,594


Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
309,400
260
0
182,513
238,401
89,653
392
184,185
76
270
7,251
2,842
0
3,198
1,313
32
0
0
0
61
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,019,855

Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
15,747
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16,497
Total Off-site
Transfers
for Further
Waste
Management
Pounds
3,116,438
1,650,319
1,598,325
1,255,885
650,039
605,3iO
473,753
369,568
131,423
124,784
115,896
112,271
111,076
96,817
70,955
51,717
14,148
5,235
3,100
2,961
758
537
0
0
0
0
0
0
10,561,315
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers
repotted without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
•ncc: not elsewhere classified.
                To POTWs
                  9.7%
Other Off-site
  Transfers
     0.2%
  To Treatment
     28.3%
             To Recycling
                34.8%
                                    To Energy Recovery
                                         27.1%
   Figure 11-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for
 Further Waste Management, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and
                 Concrete (SIC Code 32)
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6
(excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers
are transfers reported without a valid waste management code.
3296) reported 668,000 pounds of transfers to
recycling (18.2%), and the vitreous plumbing
fixture industry (SIC code 3261) reported 473,000
pounds (12.9%). These industries reported the
largest transfers to recycling in the stone, clay,
glass, and concrete sector.

Ranking first for reported transfers to energy
recovery, the ground or treated minerals industry
(SIC code 3295) reported 1.5 million pounds, or
52.8% of the sector's total for such transfers,
including 428,000 pounds of toluene. The hydraulic
cement industry (SIC code 3241) ranked second
with 1.0 million pounds (35.5%), including 361,000
pounds of methyl ethyl ketone. No other industry
reported more than 6% of the sector's transfers to
energy recovery.
 372
-------
                                 Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
Miscellaneous pressed and blown glass (SIC code
3229) reported transferring 1.2 million pounds of
TRI chemicals in waste off-site to treatment, which
was 39.9% of the sector's total in that category.
This industry reported transferring 435,000 pounds
of chromium compounds to treatment. The
hydraulic cement industry (SIC code 3241)
reported the second-largest amount, 430,000
pounds (14.4%), and mineral wool  (SIC code 3296)
reported the third-largest amount, 405,000 pounds
(13.6%).

For transfers to POTWs, miscellaneous pressed and
blown glass (SIC code 3229) also reported the
largest amount, 309,000 pounds or  30.3% of the
sector's total. Products of purchased glass (SIC
code 3231) ranked second with 238,000 pounds
(23.4%), and mineral wool (SIC code 3296) ranked
third with 183,000 pounds (17.9%).

Figure 11-6 illustrates the distribution of off-site
transfers for further waste management for the top
industries in this sector.

1996 TRI Data by  State for
Stone, Clay, Glass, and
Concrete

As shown in Table 11-6, the stone, clay, glass, and
concrete sector submitted more than 100 forms in
each of four states: Ohio (169 forms), Pennsylvania
(159 forms), Texas (143 forms), and Missouri (126
              3,500,000
              3,000,000 -
              2,500,000 -
              2,000,000 -
              1,500,000-
              1,000,000-
               500,000 -
       • Other Off-site Transfers
       E To POTWs
       D To Treatment
       C3 To Energy Recovery
       H To Recycling
                       3229
                             3295
                                   3241
                                         3296
                                               3231
                                                     3291
                                                           3261
                                                                 Mult.
                                                                       3292
                                                                             3262
        Figure 11-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with
              Largest Totals, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple"
category.
                                                                                            373
-------
             Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
Table 11-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996:  Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32
Total
Stale Facilities
Number
Alabama
Arizona
Arluinsu
California
Colorado
ConnoctktK
Borlda
Georgia
Idaho
flUnoli
Indian*
Iowa
Kami*
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Mtmchtuens
Michigan
Minnesota
MiwMppI
Miuouri
Nebraska
New Hampshire
NewJtrtey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pcwmyl vault
Puerto RL-o
Rhode IstaJ
Souiii Carolina
Tennessee
TCXM
Uwh
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
WewVkgWa
Wisconsin
Wyoming
To<»lfijrSK:CodG32
24
6
14
41
12
S
11
21
1
27
29
9
11
23
1
2
5
6
14
7
8
18
3
1
10
1
27
31
70
12
6
56
1
1
13
16
47
7
1
16
7
9
9
1
640
Total
Forms
Number
55
8
36
80
27
5
13
45
1
48
71
21
57
57
2
2
5
15
49
11
44
126
18
4
18
1
58
81
169
22
9
159
2
4
70
44
143
15
2
55
13
17
33
1
1,716
Form As
Number
4
1
0
9
12
0
1
4
0
5
8
1
0
8
0
0
0
0
3
3
12
2
1
0
2
0
2
3
32
1
0
19
0
0
10
9
36
3
0
3
4
1
0
0
199
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
1,877,975
129,985
511,122
1,725,702
401,778
36,828
85,842
2,544,226
255
366,824
805,860
380,634
1,579,178
432,958
3,786
9,756
66,914
144,810
2,850,695
390,553
302,655
693,093
113,378
1,015
170,318
0
1,757,475
1,694,915
3,936,286
317,899
129,055
2,333,245
3,065
62,992
1,243,556
1,781,631
2,390,796
101,849
6,009
726,494
142,634
201,378
134,643
8,561
32,598,623
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
185,248
640
15,042
123,750
40
217
2,000
88,147
1,800
81,062
30,021
0
37,199
98,642
0
0
0
2,037
182,499
11,000
50,867
8,200
0
0
47,267
0
486,691
17,184
1,906,480
1,968
1,135
1,404,387
77
9,700
30,900
783,760
167,696
750
0
4,349
54,836
250,586
55,626
0
6,141,803
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
2,063,223
130,625
526,164
1,849,452
401,818
37,045
87,842
2,632,373
2,055
447,886
835,881
380,634
1,616,377
531,600
3,786
9,756
66,914
146,847
3,033,194
401,553
353,522
701,293
113,378
1,015
217,585
0
2,244,166
1,712,099
5,842,766
319,867
130,190
3,737,632
3,142
72,692
1,274,456
2,565,391
2,558,492
102,599
6,009
730,843
197,470
451,964
190,269
8,561
38,740,426
Total Transfers
Total Other Off-site for
On-site Waste Further Waste
Management Management
Pounds Pounds
138,699
14
10,501,573
6,706,369
336,925
0
11,871
1,674,910
0
473,749
47,803,194
22,416
62,282,888,
13,809,145
0
4,400
99,880
26,534
30,995,191
81,720
5,898,348
85,144,646
225,370
20,557
120,718
0
7,613,319
5,146,904
125,643,374
241,700
192
78,763,996
0
1,871,545
64,605,970
5,261,634
32,886,950
79,377
294,466
25,089,031
78,600
3,136,174
693,227
0
617,785,576
51,829
250
9,561
129,247
4,289
250
599
246,762
0
270,200
140,135
856
776,518
873,199
4,069
1,280
12,400
10,801
386,526
52,499
9,989
215,225
24,117
491,474
113,195
5,700
940,722
595,682
1,821,163
28,581
7,345
598,157
690
220,333
616,155
237,836
338,706
13,000
30,076
1,071,301
2
73,415
137,181
0
10,561,315
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
2,594,499
130,972
11,105,097
9,062,351
741,568
36,595
151,672
4,458,322
1,900
950,277
48,855,182
408,008
64,662,096
16,604,861
4,069
15,436
178,360
182,014
34,641,251
535,033
6,229,611.
85,968,812
362,862
425,627
444,225
24,700
10,835,642
7,213,756
133,187,967
590,189
137,473
82,507,285
4,102
2,164,245
66,604,742
7,952,166
36,107,403
170,224
330,550
26,741,584
275,866
3,702,047
1,459,782
8,561
668,768,984
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
294
0
0
	 0""
0
710
531
0
0
78
0
0
3,500
0
136
390
81,444
0
0
1,329
960
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1,842
0
0
91,217
Note: On-slit Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to
disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
 374
-------
                                 Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
forms). These ranged from 7% to 10% of the total
of 1,716 forms submitted by this sector.

Ohio was the state with the largest amounts in all
summary categories shown in Table 11-6. In Ohio,
the sector reported 3.9 million pounds of on-site
releases and 1.9 million pounds of off-site releases
(transfers to disposal), for a total of 5.8 million
pounds on- and off-site releases. Other on-site
waste management reported in Ohio totaled 125.6
million pounds, along with transfers off-site for
further waste management of 1.8 million pounds.
Production-related waste reported in Ohio totaled
133.2 million pounds for the stone, clay, glass, and
concrete sector. These amounts ranged from 12.1%
to 31.0% of the sector's totals in the summary
categories. Of the six facilities with large amounts
of on-site energy recovery or on-site recycling,
mentioned earlier in this chapter, three were located
in Ohio (see "Other On-site Waste Management,"
above).

Michigan ranked second behind Ohio for total on-
site releases reported by this sector, with 2.9
million pounds (8.7% of the sector's total). Georgia
was third with 2.5 million pounds (7.8%). For off-
site releases, Pennsylvania ranked second behind
Ohio, with 1.4 million pounds (22.9%), and
Tennessee ranked third with 784,000 pounds
(12.8%). The states with the largest amounts of
total on- and off-site releases after Ohio were
Pennsylvania, with 3.7 million pounds (9.6% of the
sector's total), and Michigan, with 3.0 million
pounds (7.8%).

For other on-site waste management, Missouri
ranked second, with 85.1  million pounds (13.8% of
the sector's total), and Pennsylvania ranked third,
with 78.8 million pounds  (12.7%).

Virginia was the state with the second-largest
reporting (after Ohio) of transfers off-site for
further waste management by the stone, clay, glass,
and concrete sector. This  amount was 1.1 million
pounds  (10.1% of the total). New York ranked
third, with 941,000 pounds (8.9%).
The stone, clay, glass, and concrete sector reported
86.0 million pounds of production-related waste in
Missouri and 82.5 million pounds in Pennsylvania,
placing these states second and third after Ohio.
These amounts were 12.9% and 12.3%,
respectively, of the sector's reported total
production-related waste in 1996.

Map 11-1 illustrates the geographic distribution of
total on- and off-site releases in the stone, clay,
glass, and concrete sector.

1! 996 TRI  Data  by

Chemical for  Stone, Clay,

Glass, and Concrete

As shown in Table 11-7, on- and off-site releases of
the 15 chemicals reported in the largest amounts by
the stone, clay, glass, and concrete sector totaled
33.2 million pounds in 1996. This was 85.7% of the
sector's total on- and off-site releases. Reporting of
these chemicals included 26.1 million pounds of air
emissions and 5.4 million pounds of off-site
releases, approximately 87% of the sector's totals
in these two categories.

The top 15 chemicals also accounted for 69.6% (1.7
million pounds) of other on-site land releases,
54.9% (58,000 pounds) of releases to RCRA
subtitle C landfills, and 33.1% (15,000 pounds) of
surface water discharges reported by the stone,
clay, glass, and concrete sector.

Air emissions accounted for 90% or more of the
sector's releases of nine of the 15 chemicals—
including 98% or more of the releases of the top
three chemicals: ammonia (7.3 million pounds of
air emissions), hydrochloric acid (7.2 million
pounds), and hydrogen fluoride (4.7 million
pounds). As noted earlier, the mineral wool
industry (SIC code 3296) reported 5.0 million
pounds of the sector's air emissions of ammonia,
and the hydraulic cement industry (SIC code 3241)
reported air emissions of 4.5 million pounds
                                                                                             375
-------
          Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
376
-------
                                    Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
Table 11-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and
Concrete, SIC Code 32 (in Rank Order)
CAS
Number
7664-41-7
7647-01-0
7664-39-3
	
50-00-0
108-95-2
7664-38-2
67-56-1
463-58-1
„
„
—
100-42-5
108-88-3
1332-21-4


Chemical
Ammonia
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen fluoride
Lead compounds
Formaldehyde
Phenol
Phosphoric acid
Methanol
Carbonyl sulfide
Barium compounds
Zinc compounds
Chromium compounds
Styrene
Toluene
Asbestos (friable)
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 32
Surface Underground Injection
Total Air Water Class I Class II-V
Emissions Discharges Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
7,303,020
7,170,375
4,703,303
65,654
2,091,170
1,534,018
19,973
1,041,993
922,103
25,781
38,151
34,184
611,123
519,055
455
26,080,358
30,029,587
3,537
0
154
1,151
715
511
5,040
8
0
1,065
2,019
836
0
0
0
15,036
45,443
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
3,707
0
778
0
0
0
32,016
660
21,000
0
0
0
58,161
105,977
53,733
22,097
0
164,455
81,945
18,240
1,015,956
28,500
0
102,187
7,523
176,173
0
3,136
8,159
1,682,104
2,416,616
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
7,360,290
7,192,472
4,703,457
234,967
2,173,830
1,553,547
1,040,969
1,070,501
922,103
161,049
48,353
232,193
611,123
522,191
8,614
27,835,659
32,598,623
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
60,958
3,966
0
2,773,863
42,021
72,478
57,328
1,250
0
717,382
730,749
402,601
383
3,886
512,348
5,379,213
6,141,803
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
7,421,248
7,196,438
4,703,457
3,008,830
2,215,851
1,626,025
1,098,297
1,071,751
922,103
878,431
779,102
634,794
611,506
526,077
520,962
33,214,872
38,740,426
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.
 hydrochloric acid (including 2.7 million pounds
 reported by one facility). The miscellaneous
 pressed and blown glass industry (SIC code 3229)
 also reported air emissions of 1.4 million pounds of
 hydrochloric acid (including 1.2 million pounds
 reported by one facility). The brick and structural
 clay tile industry (SIC code 3251) reported 3.7
 million pounds of hydrogen fluoride.

 For four chemicals, off-site releases (transfers to
 disposal) amounted to 80% or more of total
 releases. Three of these were metal compounds:
 lead compounds (ranked fourth overall) with 2.8
 million pounds of off-site releases; barium
 compounds (ranked 10th) with 717,000 pounds of
 off-site releases; and zinc compounds (ranked llth)
 with 731,000 pounds of off-site releases. As noted
 earlier, the miscellaneous pressed and blown glass
 industry (SIC code 3229) reported 2.7 million
 pounds of off-site releases of lead compounds,
 including reporting by one facility of 969,000
 pounds. The stone, clay,  glass, and concrete sector
 also reported relatively large amounts of off-site
 releases of asbestos, the 15th-ranked chemical
(512,000 pounds). These four chemicals accounted
for 77.1% of the sector's total off-site releases.

The great majority (92.5%, or 1.0 million pounds)
of phosphoric acid releases were reported as other
on-site land releases by the clay refractories
industry (SIC code 3255). For chromium
compounds, the stone, clay, glass, and concrete
sector reported 176,000 pounds of other on-site
land releases and 403,000 pounds of off-site
releases (transfers to disposal).

OSHA Carcinogens

The stone, clay, glass, and concrete sector reported
4.1 million pounds of on-  and off-site releases of
chemicals designated  as OSHA carcinogens in
1996, as shown in Table 11-8. (OSHA carcinogens
and the bases for their designation appear in Box 1-
9 in Chapter 1.) These chemicals represented
approximately  11% of the sector's reported
amounts for air emissions (3.3 million pounds), off-
site releases (transfers to disposal, 629,000
pounds), and total on- and off-site releases (4.1
                                                                                                 377
-------
           Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
 Table 11-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and
 Concrete, SIC Code 32 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3296
3292
3229
3231
3131
3291
3241
3272
3211
3295
3264
3299
3269
3251
3221


3297
3262
3253
3261
3259
3275


Industry
Mineral Wool
Afbeitot Products
Pressed & Blown Glass, nee*
Products of Purchased Glass
CM Stone & Stone Products
Abastve Products
Ccminl, Hydraulic
Concrete Products, ncc*
FlttGhss
Minerals, Ground or Treated
Porcelain Electrical Supplies
MMimeullic Mineral Products, nee*
Pwiety Products, ncc*
Brick & Structural Clay Tile
Gtus Containers
Multiple within SIC Code 32
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 32
NoraeJay Refractories
Vitreous Chint Table & Kitcbenware
Ccramte Wall & Floor Tite
Vitreous Plumbing Fixtures
Structural Clay Products, nee*
Gypsum Products
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 32
Surface
Total Air Water
Emissions Discharges
Pounds Pounds
2,053,420
61,534
346,352
162,713
156,037
144,451
96,086
122,428
89,145
2,946
32,955
8,665
451
0
1,300
0
1,807
255
1,453
5
6
5
2
3,282,016
30,029,587
715
0
130
0
0
0
0
0
7
5
260
0
5
0
0
0
0
250
5
0
0
0
0
1,377
45,443
Underground Injection
Class I Class II-V
Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
0
0
1,878
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7,878
105,977
81,982
8,159
0
0
0
0
35,691
1,190
0
45,138
0
0
0
0
0
270
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
172,435
2,416,616
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
2,136,117
69,693
348,360
162,713
156,037
144,451
131,777
123,618
89,152
48,089
33,215
8,665
456
6,000
1,300
270
1,807
505
1,463
5
6
5
2
3,463,706
32,598,623
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
33,604
519,301
54,631
1,776
0
850
505
383
93
1,105
1,805
0
8,127
0
1,958
2,645
0
1,000
0
1,245
6
0
0
629,034
6,141,803
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
2,169,721
588,994
402,991
164,489
156,037
145,301
132,282
124,001
89,245
49,194
35,020
8,665
8,583
6,000
3,258
2,915
1,807
1,505
1,463
1,250
12
5
2
4,092,740
38,740,426
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 million pounds). They also amounted to 7.1% of
 the sector's reported other on-site land releases.

 Three of the top 15 chemicals for total on- and off-
 site releases reported by this sector were OSHA
 carcinogens: formaldehyde, styrene, and asbestos
 (see Table 11-7). Reported formaldehyde releases
 of 2.2 million pounds included 2.1 million pounds
 of air emissions. As noted, the mineral wool
 industry (SIC code 3296) reported 2.0 million
 pounds of the formaldehyde air emissions. Almost
 all of the 611,000 pounds of styrene releases were
 also air emissions. As noted above, most of the
 521,000 pounds of asbestos releases were reported
 as off-site releases (transfers to disposal). The
 stone, clay, glass, and concrete sector also reported
 releases of 231,000 pounds of dichloromethane and
 94,000 pounds of tetrachloroethylene. These five
chemicals constituted approximately 90% of the
sector's reported releases of OSHA carcinogens in
1996.

The mineral wool industry (SIC code 3296)
reported the largest releases of OSHA carcinogens,
2.2 million pounds, mostly as air emissions.
Asbestos products (SIC code 3292) ranked second
for releases of these chemicals, with 589,000
pounds, primarily as off-site releases (transfers to
disposal). Miscellaneous pressed and blown glass
(SIC code 3229) reported the third-largest total
releases, 403,000 pounds, primarily as air
emissions.

Figure 11-7 shows the on- and off-site releases of
the four-digit SIC codes with the largest OSHA
carcinogen releases.
378
-------
                                 Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
          2,500,000
           2,000,000 -
           1,500,000 -
         •8
           1,000,000
            500,000
      D Transfers Off-site to Disposal
      rs Other On-site Land Releases
      E RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
      OUIJ, Class II-V Wells
      HUIJ, Class I Wells
      • Surface Water
                       3296
                                    3292
                                                 3229
                                                               3231
                                                                            3281
      Figure 11-7.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
              Largest Totals, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. UIJ = underground injection.
 1996  TRI Chemicals in

 Waste for Stone, Clay,

 Glass, and Concrete

 The stone, clay, glass, and concrete sector reported
 total production-related waste of 668.8 million
 pounds in 1996, as shown in Table 11-9. On-site
 energy recovery accounted for two-thirds (66.6%)
 of this total, or 445.3 million pounds. On-site
 recycling was the second-largest waste
 management method reported, accounting for
 nearly one-fourth (22.4%) of total production-
 related waste, or 149.8 million pounds. The sector
 also reported 40.1 million pounds released on- and
 off-site, which was 6.0% of the total. Other waste
 management options represented less than 4% each
 of the sector's total production-related waste.
 Figure 11-8 illustrates the distribution of waste
management quantities reported in the stone, clay,
glass, and concrete sector, by type of waste
management.

The hydraulic cement industry (SIC code 3241)
reported 405.7 million pounds of on-site energy
recovery in 1996, which was 91.1% of the sector's
total in this waste management type. This industry
also reported the sector's largest amounts of on-site
treatment (11.1 million pounds, 48.7% of the
sector's total on-site treatment). The miscellaneous
pressed and blown glass industry (SIC code 3229)
reported 136.0 million pounds of on-site recycling,
90.8% of the sector's total in this category. This
industry also reported the sector's largest amounts
of off-site recycling (1.6 million pounds, or 44.9%
of the total) and off-site treatment (2.5 million
pounds, or 56.2%).
                                                                                            379
-------
            Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
 Table 11-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code
 32 (In Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3241
3229
3295
3296
3292
3251
3299
3291
3297
3253
3231
3261
3264
3211
3272
3221
3255
32SI
3262
3269
3274
3263
3271
3275
3259
3273

Industry
Cement, Hydraulic
Pressed & Blown Glass, nee*
Minerals. Ground or Treated
Mineral Wool
Asbestos Products
Brick & Structural Clay Tile
Nonmettllk Mineral Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 32
Abttulw Products
Nonday Refractories
Ceramic Wall & Floor Tile
Product* of Purctased Glass
Vitreous Plumbing Fixtures
Porcelain Electrical Supplies
FlM Glass
Concrete Products, nee*
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 32
Gtoi Containers
Clay Refractories
CM Stone & Stone Products
Vitreous China Table &. Kitchenware
Pottery Products, nee*
Ume
Scmivitrcous Table & Kltchcnware
Concrete Block & Brick
Gypsum Products
ScnKtral Clay Products, nee*
Rctdy- mixed Concrete
Total for SIC Code 32
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
56,079
136,031,875
4,082
3,239,352
4,818,516
834,599
4,126
272,313
496,029
2,043,098
1,254,296
229,255
12,253
49,412
191,646
0
0
0
196,087
0
0
90,725
0
0
0
15
0
0
149,823,758
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
405,667,303
0
35,210,152
0
0
0
4,212,915
2,400
150,400
460
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14,600
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
445,258,980
Treated
On-slte
Pounds
11,055,187
3,015,564
609,005
2,693,295
412,363
288,341
294,466
2,034,920
715,875
136,844
0
693,685
131,750
333,381
0
154,247
191
123,880
9,800
14
0
0
0
0
0
30
0
0
22,702,838
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
172,580
1,615,866
9,220
568,521
83,800
6
0
12,559
31,730
55,709
109,168
187,816
473,353
81,058
27,307
104,195
537
2,160
0
13,886
49,413
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,598,878
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
1,013,218
2,257
1,547,349
673
47,539
"0
0
0
103,089
6,981
0
159,412
0
10,944
0
4,582
0
95
0
0
65
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,896,204
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
547,839
2,464,069
122,588
286,277
65
0
111,075
191,832
459,279
6,901
117
76,630
93
7,089
23,914
7,404
0
0
568
0
75,538
77
0
0
5,235
0
0
0
4,386,590
Quantity
Released
On- and
Off-site
Pounds
6,790,398
7,494,615
1,021,270
11,295,231
2,312,623
4,414,066
388,191
1,049,527
1,325,726
281,121
1,018,341
1,003,103
44,320
97,323
247,373
201,385
446,194
188,582
84,191
191,697
45,543
12,009
101,837
38,300
8,066
700
4
0
40,101,736
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
425,302,604
150,624,246
38,523,666
18,083,349
7,674,906
5,537,006
5,010,773
3,563,551
3,282,128
2,531,114
2,381,922
2,349,901
661,769
579,207
490,240
471,813
446,922
329,317
290,646
206,347
170,559
102,811
101,837
3s',300
13,301
745
4
0
668,768,984
92
73,462
0
4,346
0
252
0
5,129
5
524
1
1,844
0
0
0
0
o
960
o
I
3,890
711
o
o
o
o
o
0
	 91,217
 Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple" category
 *ncc: not elsewhere classified.
                   Quantity Released
                       , 6.0%
   Off-site Waste
   Management
      1.6%
                                      On-site Waste
                                       Management
                                         92.4%
 Figure 11-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste,
         1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
                    (SIC Code 32)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
In the remaining waste management categories, the
ground or treated minerals industry (SIC code
3295) reported the largest amounts of off-site
energy recovery (1.5 million pounds, or 53.4% of
the sector's total), and the mineral wool industry
(SIC code 3296) reported the largest quantities
released (11.3 million pounds, or 28.2%).

Distribution of production-related waste for the top
industries in the sector appears in Figure 11-9.

Projected Quantities of TRI
Chemicals in Waste

Table 11-10 presents the stone, clay, glass, and
concrete sector's projections of waste management
quantities through 1998. (As explained in Chapter
1, facilities not only report current data but project
 380
-------
                                  Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
   100%


    90% -


    80% -


    70% -


    60% -


    50% -


    40%


    30%


    20%


    10%
     0%


i
                          S Quantity Released

                          • Treated Off-site

                          H Energy Recovery Off-site

                          D Recycled Off-site

                          0 Treated On-site

                          & Energy Recovery On-site

                          • Recycled On-site
         3241   3229   3295   3296
                                 3292   3251   3299
                                                   Mult.
                                                         3291
                                                               3297
    Figure 11-9.  Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                          Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
waste management quantities for the next two years
in their TRI submissions.) The sector projected an
 1.0% decrease in total production-related waste,
from 668.8 million pounds in 1996 to 661.9 million
pounds in 1998.

The stone, clay, glass, and concrete sector projected
 decreases from 1996 to 1998 of more than 2 million
pounds each in on-site energy recovery (from 445.3
 million pounds to 442.9 million pounds), on-site
 treatment (from 22.7 million pounds to 19.7 million
 pounds), and quantities released (from 40.1  million
 pounds to 36.6 million pounds). These projections
 would represent decreases of 0.5%, 13.1%,  and
 8.7% respectively.

 Smaller absolute decreases were projected in off-
 site recycling (from 3.6 million pounds to 3.3
 million pounds, or 8.4%) and off-site treatment
 (from 4.4 million pounds to 3.8 million pounds, or
 12.8%).
       The sector projected a 2.6 million-pound increase
       in on-site recycling (from 149.8 million pounds to
       152.4 million pounds), along with a 248,000 pound
       increase in off-site energy recovery (from 2.9
       million pounds to 3.1 million pounds). These
       projections would amount to increases of 1.7% and
       8.6%, respectively.

       Figure 11-10 illustrates the stone, clay, glass, and
       concrete sector's projected percentage changes in
       waste management for 1996 to 1998.

       These projections indicate little or no improvement
       in the way the stone, clay, glass, and concrete
       sector manages its TRI chemicals in waste, as
       measured by the waste management hierarchy,
       explained in Chapter 1. From 1996 to 1998,
       recycling (on-site) would increase from 22.4% to
       23.0% of total production-related waste, while
       releases would decrease from 6.0% to 5.5%. In the
       waste management hierarchy,  recycling is the most
                                                                                                 381
-------
           Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
 Table 11-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998: Stone, Clay, Glass and
 Concrete, SIC Code 32
Waste Management Activity
On-sltc Wa,fte Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Was|e Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 32
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 32
Current Year 1996
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
149,823,758 22.4
445,258,980 6616
22,702,838 3.4
3,598,878 0.5
2,896,204 0.4
4,386,590 0.7
40,101,736 6.0
668,768,984 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1997
Percent
5.5
-3.5
-12.7
-5.6
-14.5
5.4
-5.8
-1.9
Projected 1997
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
157,992,612 24.1
429,680,492 65.5
19,822,449 3.0
3,396,734 0.5
2,477,041 0.4 '
4,625,240 0.7
37,763,336 5.8
655,757,904 100.0
Projected Change
1997-1998
Percent
-3.5
3.1
-0.5
-3.0
26.9
-17.3
-3.1
0.9
Projected 1998
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
152,411,595 23.0
442,877,793 66.9
19,719,276 3.0
3,295,492 0.5
3,144,424 0.5
3,826,377 0.6
36,607,323 5.5
661,882,280 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1998
Percent
1.7
-0.5
-13.1
-8.4
8.6
-12.8
-8.7
-1.0
382
-------
                               Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
               On-site Waste
                Management
Off-site Waste
 Management
Quantity Released
  On-and Off-site
Total Production-
  related Waste
      Figure 11-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste,
                  1996-1998: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
desirable option for TRI chemicals in waste that
cannot be prevented, and release is the least
desirable option. The projected changes, however,
are too small to suggest any notable improvement
in the sector's environmental performance.

Source  Reduction Activity

In the stone, clay, glass, and concrete sector, 15.9%
of the forms submitted indicated one or more
source reduction activities underway during the
year. Table 11-11 presents the sector's reporting of
source reduction activity. The hydraulic cement
industry (SIC code 3241) submitted the largest
number of forms indicating source reduction
activity with 46 forms, just 10.4% of that industry's
 1996 forms. Miscellaneous pressed and blown glass
(SIC code 3229) ranked second with 35 forms
(27.1%), and ground or treated minerals (SIC code
3295) ranked third with 31 forms (20.7%).
             The source reduction activities most frequently
             reported in this sector were improving operating
             practices (125 forms), modifying processes (77
             forms), and modifying raw materials (72 forms).

             Year-to-Year Comparisons
             for Stone,  Clay,  Glass,  and
             Concrete

             1995-1996 TRI  Data for Stone, Clay,
             Glass, and Concrete

             As shown in Table 11-12, the number of forms
             submitted by the stone, clay, glass, and concrete
             sector increased 5.0% from 1,635 forms in 1995 to
             1,716 forms in 1996. At the same time, the number
             of Form As decreased 7.0%, from 214 forms to 199
             forms. (The Form A certification statement is
                                                                                       383
-------
           Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
 Table 11-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
 SIC Code 32
Forms Reporting
SIC
Code
3211
3221
3229
3231
3241
3251
3253
3255
3259
3261
3262
3263
3264
3269
3271
3272
3213
3274
3275
3231
3291
32S>2
3295
3296
3297
3299



Source Reduction
Activities
Industry
Hat Glass
Glut Containers
Pressed & Blown Gliss, nee*
Products of Purchased Ghss
Cement, Hydraulic
Brick & Structural Clay Tile
Ceramic Wall & Floor Tile
Cl«y Refractories
Structural Clay Products, nee*
Vitreous Plumbing fixtures
Vitreous Chin* Table &. Kitebenware
Scoiviireous Table & Kitebenware
Porcelain Electrical Supplies
Pottery Products, noc*
Concrete Block & Brick
Concrete Products, nee*
Ready- mixed Concrete
Lime
Oypium Products
Cue Stone & Stone Products
Abrajjve Products
Asbcitoj Products
Minerals, Ground or Treated
Mineral Wool
Nonetiy Refractories
Nortmetallic Mineral Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 32
InvilkJ SIC Code within SIC Code 32
Total for SIC Code 32
Total
Forms
Number
31
32
129
79
444
262
51
37
1
15
7
2
29
8
3
26
1
4
5
17
61
19
150
149
57
28
64
5
1,716
Percent of O
All Forms I
Number Percent
4
1
35
20
46
14
16
5
0
3
2
0
15
3
1
1
0
2
0
2
15
6
31
27
4
5
15
0
273
12.9
3.1
27.1
25.3
10.4
5.3
31.4
13.5
0.0
20.0
28.6
0.0
51.7
37.5
33.3
3.8
0.0
50.0
0.0
11.8
24.6
31.6
20.7
18.1
7.0
17.9
23.4
0.0
15.9
Cateeorv of Source Reduction Activitv
Raw Surface
Good Spill Material Process Cleaning Preparation Product
aerating Inventory and Leak Modifi- Modifl- and and Modifi-
"ractices Control Prevention cations cations Degreasing Finishing cations
Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number
1
0
11
15
34
1
1
1
0
2
0
0
13
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
4
0
23
6
3
2
5
0
125
0
0
10
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
0
0
11
0
12
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
21
0
1
1
1
0
58
2
0
11
3
2
0
6
1
0
1
2
0
1
2
0
1
0
o
0
1
5
6
0
21
0
1
6
0
72
0
1
7
3
11
5
12
2
0
0
0
0
10
1
0
o
0
1
0
0
3
0
9
5
1
3
3
0
77
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
o
0
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
2
o
o
o
o
0
1
0
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
o
o
0
o
1
o
o
0
o
o
1
o
o
o
o
0
3
0
8
1
0
4
0
0
1
5
2
0
0
o
o
o
o
o
0
o
0
o
o
2
g
1
1
1
0
4
0
28
Note: Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ne« not elsewhere classified.
 explained in Chapter 1.) This is in contrast to the
 average for all reporting sectors, which showed a
 4.2% decrease in total forms submitted and an
 11.8% increase in Form As from 1995 to 1996.

 On- and Off-site Releases

 From 1995 to 1996, on- and off-site releases
 reported by the stone, clay, glass, and concrete
 sector increased from 32.3 million pounds to 38.7
 million pounds, an increase of 19.9% or 6.4 million
 pounds. Table 11-12 presents the sector's reporting
 of on- and off-site releases for 1995 and 1996, and
 Figure 11-11 illustrates the percentage change in
 releases by type.
Most of the sector's increase in on- and off-site
releases occurred in reporting of point-source air
emissions, which increased 21.8%, from 23.1
million pounds in 1995 to 28.2 million pounds in
1996. Reporting of on-site land releases more than
doubled, a 112.1% increase from 1.2 million
pounds to 2.5 million pounds. Smaller absolute
increases were reported in fugitive air emissions
(from 1.8 million pounds to 1.9 million pounds)
and off-site releases (transfers to disposal, 6.0
million pounds to 6.1 million pounds).

The sector reported decreases, also relatively small
in absolute terms, in surface water discharges (from
384
-------
                                           Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
Table 11-12.  Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site
                                                  5, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
'Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1995
Number
637
1,635
1,421
214
Pounds

24,867,358
1,757,425
23,109,933
117,731
102,063
1,189,423
26,276,575

6,046,978
32,323,553
132,773,128
590,508,945
90,793,802
814,075,875

3,143,522
3,277,887
2,282,551
969,779
250
9,673,989

1996
' Number
640
1,716
1,517
199
Pounds

30,029,587
1,870,677
28,158,910
45,443
1,000
2,522,593
32,598,623

6,141,803
38,740,426
149,823,758
445,258,980
22,702,838
617,785,576

3,672,150
2,865,219
2,987,594
1,019,855
16,497
10,561,315
Change
1995 to 1996
Percent
0.5
5.0
6.8
-7.0
Percent

20.8
6.4
21.8
-61.4
-99.0
112.1
24.1

1.6
19.9
12.8
-24.6
-75.0
-24.1

16.8
-12.6
30.9
5.2
6,498.8
9.2
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases torn Section t> ^ansrers orr-site 10 disposal, 01 rum. ,x. ««.« v^™« "-™-
 Management from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of
 Form R. Breakdown of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
 waste management code.
                                                                                                                         385
-------
           Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
      -ISO
                    Air
Surface
 Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
           Figure 11-11. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:
                           Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)
Note: On-sMe Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
It\joction and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995.
 118,000 pounds in 1995 to 45,000 pounds in 1996)
 and underground injection (from 102,000 pounds to
 1,000 pounds).

 Other On-site  Waste Management

 The stone, clay, glass, and concrete sector reported
 a 24.1 % decrease from 814.1 million pounds of
 other on-site waste management in 1995 to 617.8
 million pounds in 1996, a reduction of 196.3
 million pounds. The sector's reporting of other on-
 site waste management in 1995 and 1996 appears in
 Table 11-12.

 The largest factor in this reduction was energy
 recovery. The sector reported 590.5 million pounds
 of on-site energy recovery in 1995 and 445.3
 million pounds in 1996, a reduction of 24.6% or
                  145.2 million pounds. On-site treatment also
                  decreased from 90.8 million pounds to 22.7 million
                  pounds, a reduction of 75.0% or 68.1 million
                  pounds. In 1995, one facility reported large
                  quantities of on-site energy recovery (80.7 million
                  pounds) and on-site treatment (72.7 million
                  pounds) of a mixture identified as nonchlorinated
                  solvents in waste fuel. In 1996, this facility did not
                  report a mixture, but instead reported smaller
                  quantities of constituents of the mixture.

                  On-site recycling reported by the stone, clay, glass,
                  and concrete sector increased from 132.8 million
                  pounds to 149.8 million pounds, a 12.8% increase
                  or 17.1 million pounds.
386
-------
                                  Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

The stone, clay, glass, and concrete sector reported
an increase in transfers off-site for further waste
management from 9.7 million pounds in 1995 to
10.6 million pounds in 1996, as shown in Table 11-
12. This 9.2% overall increase reflected increases
of 16.8% in transfers to recycling (from 3.1 million
pounds in 1995 to 3.7 million pounds in 1996),
30.9% in transfers to treatment (from 2.3 million
pounds to 3.0 million pounds), and 5.2% in
transfers to POTWs (from 970,000 pounds to 1.0
million pounds).

The sector reported a decrease of 12.6% in transfers
to energy recovery, from 3.3 million pounds in
1995 to 2.9 million pounds in 1996.

1988-1996 TRS Data for Stone, Clay,
Glass,  and Concrete

As explained in Chapter 1, comparisons from the
1988 TRI baseline year to the current year rely on
the list of "core" TRI chemicals that were
reportable, with the same reporting definition, in all
years. These multi-year comparisons also review
only the data elements that were collected in all
years, which excludes from this section any
analysis that distinguishes RCRA subtitle C
landfills from other land releases as well as analysis
based on  the types of underground injection wells.
On-site waste management data and transfers off-
site to recycling and to energy recovery have been
collected only since  1991; these data are included,
but cannot-be compared across the full 1988-1996
period.

From 1988 to 1996,  the number of forms submitted
by the stone, clay, glass, and concrete sector
increased 18.1% from 1,264 forms to 1,493 forms,
 as shown in Table 11-13. At the same time, on- and
 off-site releases decreased 42.6%, from 40.5
 million pounds to 23.3 million pounds. All release
 types  showed decreases, except for a nominal
increase (from zero to 1,000 pounds) in
underground injection. Much of the overall
reduction was attributable to a 10.3 million-pound
reduction in off-site releases (transfers to disposal),
from 16.3 million pounds in 1988 to 6.0 million
pounds in 1996. This was a reduction of 63.4%.

Fugitive air emissions decreased 79.3% from 6.5
million pounds to 1.3 million pounds, the largest
reduction (5.2 million pounds) among on-site
releases reported by the stone, clay, glass, and
concrete sector. Point-source air emissions,
reported in larger amounts by this sector, decreased
7.5%, from 14.6 million pounds to 13.5 million
pounds, a 1.1 million-pound reduction. Smaller
absolute reductions were reported in surface water
discharges  (from 105,000 pounds to 17,000
pounds) and on-site land releases (from 3.0 million
pounds to 2.4 million pounds).

Figure 11-12 illustrates percentage changes in the
stone, clay, glass, and concrete's reporting of on-
and off-site releases from 1988 to 1996.

On-site waste management and transfers off-site for
recycling or energy recovery were not collected in
1988. For the 1994-1996 period, the sector reported
a 366.3 million-pound reduction in other on-site
waste management, from 974.8 million pounds to
608.5 million pounds. Other on-site waste
management data for the stone, clay, glass, and
concrete sector also appear in Table 11-13.

The sector reported a 428.6 million-pound
reduction in on-site energy recovery, from 867.0
million pounds in 1994 to 438.4 million pounds in
 1996. This reduction accounted for the overall
decrease in the sector's reporting of other on-site
waste management, partly offset by increases in
both on-site recycling (from 93.6 million pounds to
 149.5 million pounds) and on-site treatment (from
 14.2 million pounds to 20.6 million pounds). One
facility reported 122.1 million pounds of on-site
energy recovery of a mixture (identified as
nonchlorinated waste fuels) in 1994. In subsequent
                                                                                              387
-------
              Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
  Table 11-13.  Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site
  for Further Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32

,

Tola! Facilities
Tola! Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

1988
Number
574
1,264
1,264
NA
Pounds

21,102,722
6,502,432
14,600,290
104,998
0
3,045,632
24,253,352

16,286,012
40,539,364

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
2,563,554
628,314
34,223
NA


1994
Number
587
1,397
1,397
NA
Pounds

10,146,616
1,945,771
8,200,845
45,248
0
1,293,518
11,485,382

5,873,800
17,359,182

93,573,702
867,033,669
14,206,118
974,813,489

2,930,009
5,270,908
2,267,816
460,048
25,027
10,953,808


1995
Number
588
1,450
1,252
198
Pounds

11,920,334
1,309,376
10,610,958
48,156
0
1,109,412
13,077,902

5,975,488
19,053,390

132,633,760
584,539,538
88,243,066
805,416,364

3,137,572
3,263,984
2,228,568
659,921
250
9,290,295


1996
Number
592
1,493
1,303
190
Pounds

14,856,718
1,345,104
13,511,614
17,464
1,000
2,434,188
17,309,370

5,954,346
23,263,716

149,492,726
438,405,678
20,626,203
608,524,607

3,667,576
2,790,959
2,847,670
661,002
16,497
9,983,704

Change
1988 to 1996
Percent
3.1
18.1
3.1
NA
Percent

-29.6
-79.3
-7.5
-83.4
__
-20.1
-28.6

-63.4
-42.6

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
11.1
5.2
-51.8
NA

Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid
On-sltc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste Management
from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of
Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996. For 1994-1996, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
W«tc minagemcnt code.  For 1988, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code or codes not required to be reported in
1988,  NA: no< required to be reported in that year.

 388
-------
                                    Chapter 11 — TR1 Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
    -10 -
    -20 -
    -30 -
    -40 -
    -50 •
    -60 -
    -70 --
    -80
    -90
                   Air
Surface
 Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
 Disposal
           Figure 11-12.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996:
                           Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990, 1991, 1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground Injection
and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996.
years, this facility did not report a mixture, but
instead reported smaller quantities of constituents
of the mixture.

For transfers off-site for further waste management
reported in all years from 1988 to 1996, the stone,
clay, glass, and concrete sector reported an 11.1%
increase in transfers to treatment (from 2.6 million
pounds to 2.8 million pounds) and a 5.2% increase
in transfers to POTWs (from 628,000 pounds to
661,000 pounds).

 1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in
Stone, Clay.  Glass, and Concrete

Tables 11-14 through 11-16 summarize data for
 1988 and 1994-1996 for industries at the  four-digit
                    SIC code level within SIC code 32. The tables
                    present, respectively, on- and off-site releases,
                    other on-site waste management, and transfers off-
                    site for further waste management.

                    On- and Off-site Releases

                    The hydraulic cement industry (SIC code 3241)
                    reported the largest decrease in on- and off-site
                    releases reported in the stone, clay, glass, and
                    concrete sector, from 6.7 million pounds in 1988 to
                    1.2 million pounds in 1996. This reduction was
                    largely attributable to a decrease in off-site releases
                    (transfers to disposal). Ranking second, the
                    asbestos products industry (SIC code 3292)
                    reported 4.6 million pounds in 1988 and 1.2 million
                                                                                                     389
-------
           Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
 pounds in 1996, although total on- and off-site
 releases reported by this industry increased from
 1994 to 1996. The 1988-1996 reduction reflected
 decreases in on-site land releases and off-site
 releases (transfers to disposal). The ceramic wall
 and floor tile industry (SIC code 3253) ranked third
 with a decrease from 3.5 million pounds in 1988 to
 1.0 million pounds in  1996. This reduction
 occurred principally in reporting of air emissions.

 The brick and structural clay tile industry (SIC code
 3251) ranked first among stone, clay, glass, and
 concrete industries for increases in releases. This
 industry reported 801,000 pounds in 1988 and 3.8
 million pounds in 1996. The mineral wool industry
 (SIC code 3296) ranked second with an increase
 from 3.5 million pounds to 5.2 million pounds. In
 both industries, increased air emissions were the
 largest factor. The clay refractories industry (SIC
 code 3255) reported the third-largest increase, from
 297,000 pounds to 1.1 million pounds, although the
 1995 level was lower.  This increase was largely
 attributable to reporting of on-site land releases.

 Table 11-14 provides release data for all four-digit
 SIC codes in the  stone, clay, glass, and concrete
 sector, for 1988-1996.

 Other On-site Waste Management

 The hydraulic cement industry (SIC code 3241)
 reported the largest decrease hi on-site waste
 management in the stone, clay, glass, and concrete
 sector for 1994-1996 (on-site waste management
 data were not collected in 1988). This industry
 reported 811.9 million pounds of other on-site
 waste management in 1994 and 410.9 million
 pounds in 1996. The ground or treated minerals
 industry (SIC code 3295) reported the second-
 largest reduction, from 56.3 million pounds to 34.2
 million pounds. In both industries, the reduction
 occurred principally in on-site energy recovery.
 Ranking third, the non-clay refractories industry
 (SIC code 3297) reported a decrease from 4.6
 million pounds to 2.1 million pounds, largely hi on-
 site recycling.
 Miscellaneous pressed and blown glass (SIC code
 3229) ranked first for increases in other on-site
 waste management reported by the stone, clay,
 glass, and concrete sector. This industry reported
 86.7 million pounds in 1994 and 138.7 million
 pounds in 1996. The asbestos products industry
 (SIC code 3292) ranked second with reported on-
 site waste management of 823,000 pounds in 1994
 and 5.2 million pounds in 1996. In both industries,
 the increases reflected increased reporting of on-site
 recycling. The mineral wool industry (SIC code
 3296) reported the third-largest increase, from 2.9
 million pounds to 5.4 million pounds. This increase
 consisted of increases in on-site recycling and on-
 site treatment.

 On-site waste management data for 1994-1996
 appear in Table  11-15.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 The hydraulic cement industry (SIC code 3241)
 reported the sector's largest reduction in transfers
 off-site for further waste management from 1994 to
 1996 (data for some types of off-site transfers were
 not collected in 1988). As noted, this industry also
 reported the largest reductions in on- and off-site
 releases and in other on-site waste management.
 The hydraulic cement industry reported 4.3 million
 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste
 management in 1994 and 1.6 million pounds in
 1996. The largest reduction was reported in
 transfers to energy recovery. The glass containers
 industry (SIC code 3221) reported the second-
 largest decrease, from 526,000 pounds to 3,000
 pounds. Ranking third, the miscellaneous concrete
 products industry (SIC code 3272) reported a
 decrease from 366,000 pounds and 116,000
pounds. For the glass containers industry and the
miscellaneous concrete products industry, the
overall reduction was principally attributable to
transfers to recycling, along with smaller reductions
in other types of transfers.
390
-------
                                               Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
Table 11-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and
Concrete, SIC Code 32
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3211



3221



3229



3231



3241



3251



3253



3255



3259



3261



3262



Industry
Flat Glass



Glass Containers



Pressed & Blown Glass, nee*



Products of Purchased Glass



Cement, Hydraulic



Brick & Structural Clay Tile



Ceramic Wall & Floor Tile



Clay Refractories



Structural Clay Products, nee*



Vitreous Plumbing Fixtures



Vitreous China Table & Kitchenware



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
107,375
188,371
191,232
460,167
4,284
5,448
64,765
710,328
1,829,348
1,956,401
2,573,316
2,216,406
956,771
1,031,807
1,084,396
1,865,722
525,474
344,675
375,725
269,230
3,750,190
2,523,591
738,449
434,873
354,237
269,972
330,120
2,809,339
63,013
13,861
8,981
27,383
25
32,042
33,032
750
154
255
113
138
3,978
3,604
4,534
33,367
0
5
5
0
56
48
479
11,209
270
270
25
0
1,275
1,624
840
25,670
261
500
525
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
5
250
255
8,700
0
0
0
0
127,432
1,407
780
88,540
7,347
255
31,968
750
688,591
693,609
603,554
129,114
26,018
35,074
41,120
286,703
167,891
135,486
132,174
197,783
1,003,670
9,960
12,931
224,673
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
107,405
220,663
224,519
469,617
4,438
5,703
64,878
710,466
1,960,758
1,961,412
2,578,630
2,338,313
964,118
1,032,067
1,116,369
1,866,472
1,214,121
1,038,332
979,758
409,553
3,776,478
2,558,935
779,594
721,576
523,403
407,082
463,134
3,032,792
1,066,944
24,321
22,437
252,056
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
1,203
4,834
12,837
764
82,591
207,094
200,236
124,218
3,717,786
3,609,770
3,930,789
2,859,864
38,869
33,594
54,739
89,380
19,092
10,411
32,537
6,306,350
46,122
56,595
49,963
79,358
479,706
554,194
592,188
433,772
15,080
30,882
20,665
44,726
108,608
225,497
237,356
470,381
87,029
212,797
265,114
834,684
5,678,544
5,571,182
6,509,419
5,198,177
1,002,987
1,065,661
1,171,108
1,955,852
1,233,213
1,048,743
1,012,295
6,715,903
3,822,600
2,615,530
829,557
800,934
1,003,109
961,276
1,055,322
3,466,564
1,082,024
55,203
43,102
296,782
No reports received
No reports received
250
18,362
7,926
10,189
7,512
13,997
4,367
3,936
4,305
10,200
0
33
11
10
266
3,261
15
15
8
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
305
0
502
37,505
5
5
7
2,542
250
18,395
8,242
10,199
8,280
54,763
4,387
3,956
4,320
13,492
0
1,220
63,752
99,521
111,137
130,957
41,709
51,792
13,614
90,650
250
19,615
71,994
109,720
119,417
185,720
46,096
55,748
17,934
104,142
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3271 for 1988. The facility should
 have reported in SIC code 3721. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 1,851,500 pounds of total air emissions, 20,000 pounds of surface water
 discharges and 1,871,500 pounds of total releases. Examination of TRI data has brought to light other possible reporting errors that could significantly impact the
 data for SIC code 32. At the time of publication, these data quality issues remained unresolved.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                                  391
-------
               Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
 Table 11-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and
 Concrete, SIC Code 32, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3263



3264



3269



3271



3272



3274



3275



3281



3291



3292



3295



Industry
Scmivitrcous Table & Kitchenware



Porcelain Electrical Supplies



Pottery Products, ncc*



Concrete Block & Brick



Concrete Products, nee*



Lime



Gypsum Products



Cut Stone & Stone Products



Abrasive Products



Asbestos Products



Minerals, Ground or Treated



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
2,803
2,801
12,202
255
49,669
80,860
79,688
299,061
1,350
1,330
2,950
7,898
8,067
13,938
17,688
2,125,658
208,991
245,136
148,871
86,820
5
5
5
1
252
500
500
10,600
156,037
144,228
159,722
63,095
546,262
498,461
484,809
1,840,014
556,494
123,712
2,677
513,178
442,229
446,025
128,745
282,176
166
87
149
250
1,042
1,052
1,285
54
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
20,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
427
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
24
5
250
500
1,512
1,505
319
1,500
0
0
0
0
1,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
880
660
1,170
0
9
34
251
24
476
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
2,690
1,170
96,000
0
38,537
55,606
23,482
12,040
0
0
1,837
10,833
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
5,030
10,781
0
0
1,210,800
61,166
6,937
116,467
28,870
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
3,849
3,548
13,521
505
51,720
81,946
81,224
299,139
1,831
1,330
2,955
7,906
8,067
13,938
17,688
2,145,658
211,681
246,306
244,871
86,820
38,542
55,611
23,487
12,041
252
500
2,337
21,860
156,037
144,228
159,722
63,095
546,512
498,461
484,809
1,845,054
567,299
123,717
2,927
1,724,478
504,907
454,467
245,531
312,546
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
34,100
19,000
27,200
0
30,969
68,251
37,113
75,646
8,637
11,992
16,819
118,304
0
0
0
966
1,883
410
453
4,000
0
0
0
0
34
28
52
13,967
0
0
0
6,100
172,423
258,710
305,989
74,728
649,197
87,677
93,869
2,920,759
41,580
20,492
27,510
197,400
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
37,949
22,548
40,721
505
82,689
150,197
118,337
374,785
10,468
13,322
19,774
126,210
8,067
13,938
17,688
2,146,624
213,564
246,716
245,324
90,820
38,542
55,611
23,487
12,041
286
528
2,389
35,827
156,037
144,228
159,722
69,195
718,935
757,171
790,798
1,919,782
1,216,496
211,394
96,796
4,645,237
546,487
474,959
273,041
509,946
Note: On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3271 for 1988. The facility should
have reported in SIC code 3721. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 1,851,500 pounds of total air emissions, 20,000 pounds of surface water
discharges and 1,871,500 pounds of total releases. Examination of TRI data has brought to light other possible reporting errors that could significantly impact the
dttt for SIC code 32, At the time of publication, these data quality issues remained unresolved.
*ncc:  not elsewhere classified.
 392
-------
                                         Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
Table 11-14.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and
Concrete, SIC Code 32, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code Industry
3296 Mineral Wool



3297 Nonclay Refractories



3299 Nonmetallic Mineral Products, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 32



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 32



Total for SIC Code 32



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
4,692,356
3,281,024
2,745,204
2,899,092
60,930
53,366
50,218
124,772
376,761
518,180
634,839
162,993
149,720
134,060
172,082
73,810
1,807
28,457
127,365
3,777,292
14,856,718
11,920,334
10,146,616
21,102,722
7,358
5,492
1,289
356
1,012
513
517
2,825
0
0
250
0
300
1,129
1,357
1,774
0
0
0
2,124
17,464
48,156
45,248
104,998
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,000
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
216,070
81,096
120,457
273,041
50,818
44,277
44,846
376,402
12,536
13,372
6,434
0
18,711
30,214
49,878
42,606
0
0
9,405
109,668
2,434,188
1,109,412
1,293,518
3,045,632
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
4,915,784
3,367,612
2,866,950
3,172,489
112,760
98,156
95,581
503,999
389,297
531,552
641,523
162,993
168,731
165,403
223,317
118,190
1,807
28,457
136,770
3,889,084
17,309,370
13,077,902
11,485,382
24,253,352
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
248,108
191,538
148,889
324,067
154,485
573,063
115,363
631,228
3,888
2,736
250
436,240
103,132
79,804
78,783
172,165
0
3,100
2,805
1,149,183
5,954,346
5,975,488
5,873,800
16,286,012
5,163,892
3,559,150
3,015,839
3,496,556
267,245
671,219
210,944
1,135,227
393,185
534,288
641,773
599,233
271,863
245,207
302,100
290,355
1,807
31,557
139,575
5,038,267
23,263,716
19,053,390
17,359,182
40,539,364
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3271 for 1988. The facility should
have reported in SIC code 3721. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 1,851,500 pounds of total air emissions, 20,000 pounds of surface water
discharges and 1,871,500 pounds of total releases. Examination of TRI data has brought to light other possible reporting errors that could significantly impact
the data for SIC code 32. At the time of publication, these data quality issues remained unresolved.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 The miscellaneous pressed and blown glass
 industry (SIC code 3229) reported the sector's
 largest increase from 1994 to  1996 in transfers off-
 site for further waste management, an increase from
 1.8 million pounds to 2.8 million pounds, in all
 types of transfers except those to energy recovery.
 The mineral wool industry (SIC  code 3296) ranked
 second for increases, reporting 447,000 pounds in
 1994 and 1.2 million pounds in 1996. This industry
 reported increases in transfers to recycling and to
 treatment. Ranking third, the vitreous plumbing
 industry (SIC code 3261) reported less than 1,000
 pounds in 1994 and 474,000 pounds in 1996. The
 increase occurred in reporting of on-site recycling.
M the earlier volume of the 1996 TRI Public Data Release,
EPA included brief descriptions of the facilities with large
increases and decreases in releases and production-related
waste in each sector. In this volume of the data release, EPA
has again attempted to look at these facilities for each sector.
Closer examination of the TRI data at this level has brought
to light a number of reporting discrepancies or possible
reporting errors which cannot be immediately resolved. In
some cases, these discrepancies could significantly impact
the data for the whole sector. As a consequence of these
unresolved data quality issues, the descriptions of the
facilities with increases and decreases in releases from 1988
to 1996 and with increases and decreases in production-
related  waste from 1991 to 1996 have been removed from
this chapter. EPA plans to address these data quality issues
through improved outreach and guidance to this sector.
                                                                                                                 393
-------
                    Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
        Table 11-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Stone, Clay, Glass, and
        Concrete, SIC Code 32
SIC
Code
3211



3221



3229



3231



3241



3251



3253



3255



3259



3261



3262



Industry
Flat Glass



Glass Containers



Pressed & Blown Glass, nee*



Products of Purchased Glass



Cement, Hydraulic



Brick & Structural Clay Tile



Ceramic Wall & Floor Tile



Clay Refractories



Structural Clay Products, nee*



Vitreous Plumbing Fixtures



Vitreous China Table & Kitchenware



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
191,646
598,386
893,919
NA
0
4,973
8,500
NA
136,022,229
121,564,977
82,260,009
NA
229,255
36,229
22,070
NA
56,079
19,434
184,631
NA
824,599
776,063
752,025
NA
1,254,296
215,455
199,131
NA
196,087
173,800
138,900
NA
No reports received
No reports received
0
NA
12,253
96,106
116,720
NA
0
0
0
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
14,600
15,600
41,400
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
399,921,392
533,314,517
808,316,306
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA


0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
123,880
182,290
377,650
NA
2,669,730
4,825,715
4,482,546
NA
554,943
704,695
709,430
NA
10,905,169
76,674,740
3,414,589
NA
223,803
1,520
430
NA
0
0
855
NA
9,800
13,740
13,006
NA


0
NA
131,750
219,463
219,219
NA
0
0
0
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
191,646
598,386
893,919
NA
138,480
202,863
427,550
NA
138,691,959
126,390,692
86,742,555
NA
784,198
740,924
731,500
NA
410,882,640
610,008,691
811,915,526
NA
1,048,402
777,583
752,455
NA
1,254,296
215,455
199,986
NA
205,887
187,540
151,906
NA


0
NA
144,003
315,569
335,939
NA
0
0
0
NA
       Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Examination of
       TRI data has brought to light possible reporting errors that could significantly impact the data for SIC code 32. At the time of publication, these data quality
       issues remained unresolved.
       *ncc: not elsewhere classified.


        394
_
-------
                                            Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete


Table 11-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and
SIC
Code
3263



3264


3269


3271



3272


3274



3275



3281



3291


3292


3295


Industry
Semivitreous Table & Kitchenware



Porcelain Electrical Supplies


Pottery Products, nee*


Concrete Block & Brick



Concrete Products, nee*


Lime



Gypsum Products



Cut Stone & Stone Products



Abrasive Products


Asbestos Products


Minerals, Ground or Treated


Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
49,412
335,102
524,242
NA
90,725
90,733
91,211
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
496,029
427,233
314,732
NA
4,753,860
269,700
345,300
NA
4,082
1,163
1,448
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
750
0
0
NA
150,400
212,300
234,000
NA
0
0
0
NA
34,102,761
49,856,696
56,188,922
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
121,841
181,500
204,200
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
14,010
12,000
6,000
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
14
180
660
NA
715,875
713,270
800,260
NA
412,363
1,326,286
478,000
NA
64,302
21,121
93,126
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
171,253
516,602
728,442
NA
90,725
90,733
91,211
NA
0
0
0
NA
14,010
12,000
6,000
NA
0
0
0
NA
0

0
NA
764
180
660
NA
1,362,304
1,352,803
1,348,992
NA
5,166,223
1,595,986
823,300
NA
34,171,145
49,878,980
56,283,496
NA
 Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Examination of
 TRI data has brought to light possible reporting errors that could significantly impact the data for SIC code 32. At the time of publication, these data quality
 issues remained unresolved.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                          395
-------
           Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
Table 11-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and
Concrete, SIC Code 32, Continued
SIC
Code Industry
3296 Mineral Wool



3297 Nonclay Refractories



3299 Nonmetallic Mineral Products, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 32



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 32



Total for SIC Code 32



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
3,207,330
1,725,693
1,315,624
NA
2,012,098
4,596,538
4,582,471
NA
4,126
6,284
1,000
NA
88,620
247,628
77,769
NA
0
1,448,263
1,744,000
NA
149,492,726
132,633,760
93,573,702
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
460
0
0
NA
4,212,915
1,136,825
2,250,241
NA
2,400
3,600
2,800
NA
0
0
0
NA
438,405,678
584,539,538
867,033,669
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
2,225,941
1,713,935
1,570,166
NA
134,605
98,202
34,255
NA
294,466
1,182,264
1,487,426
NA
2,023,520
371,985
314,298
NA
191
160
2
NA
20,626,203
88,243,066
14,206,118
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
5,433,271
3,439,628
2,885,790
NA
2,147,163
4,694,740
4,616,726
NA
4,511,507
2,325,373
3,738,667
NA
2,114,540
623,213
394,867
NA
191
1,448,423
1,744,002
NA
608,524,607
805,4l6;364
974,813,489
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple" category. Examination of
TRF data has brought to light possible reporting errors that could significantly impact the data for SIC code 32. At the time of publication, these data quality
issues remained unresolved.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 Table 11-16 presents the stone, clay, glass, and
 concrete sector's reporting of transfers off-site for
 further waste management from 1988 to 1996.

 1991-1996 Waste Management Data
 for Stone,  Clay,  Glass, and Concrete

 Table 11-17 summarizes on- and off-site waste
 management data for the stone, clay, glass, and
 concrete sector for 1991, when TRI began
 collecting this information, and the three most
 recent years (1994-1996). The sector reported a
 decrease in total production-related waste from
 945.5 million pounds in 1991 to 642.7 million
 pounds in 1996,  a reduction of nearly one-third
 (32.0%). The largest reduction was reported in on-
site energy recovery, from 781.4 million pounds to
438.4 million pounds (a 343.0 million-pound
reduction, or 43.9%).

The sector also reported decreases in on-site
treatment (from 64.3 million pounds to 20.6 million
pounds, or 67.9%) and in off-site energy recovery
(from 6.8 million pounds to 2.8 million pounds, or
58.7%).

Stone, clay, glass, and concrete industries reported
their largest increase (in pounds and percent) in on-
site recycling, from 64.3 million pounds to 149.7
million pounds (a 132.7% increase). The sector also
reported increases in off-site recycling (from 3.4
396
-------
                                             Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
Table 11-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Stone,
                            , SIC Code 32
SIC
Code
3211


3221


3229

3231


3241


3251


3253


3255


3259

3261


Industry
Flat Glass


Glass Containers


Pressed & Blown Glass, nee*

Products of Purchased Glass


Cement, Hydraulic


Brick & Structural Clay Tile


Ceramic Wall & Floor Tile


Clay Refractories


Structural Clay Products, nee*

Vitreous Plumbing Fixtures


Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
27,142
35,020
30,674
NA
2,160
327,753
494,854
NA
1,597,461
1,562,374
1,055,333
NA
188,096
304,249
147,049
NA
150,805
193,744 1
0
0
0
NA
250
250
2,480
NA
2,255
1,255
3,804
NA
149,201
152,296
301,955
NA
995,749
,207,333
206,383 3,631,048
NA
0
0
0
NA
109,429
115,858
159,183
NA
0
0
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
0
NA
473,353
0
0
NA
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
24,543
27,970
27,533
11,179
690
54,240
29,134
24,934
1,057,431
461,859
715,154
402,318
73,341
75,993
69,419
135,553
427,284
415,389
428,679
615,200
0
10
5
0
0
0
0
20,400
750
1,500
0
0
0
0
8
58
7
0
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
32
1,224
1,276
250
0
0
0
69,250
169,892
35,618
56,076
315,544
238,151
328,678
286,515
2,809
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
109
2,842
29,589
2,046
3,484
8
0
0
400
0
0
392
625
724
256
0
0
0
14,355
0
0
0
250
15,747
0
0
823
0
0
0
13,950
750
0
0
0
0
250
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,737
51,717
64,214
59,483
NA
3,100
382,243
526,468
NA
2,842,786
2,061,106
1,830,367
NA
648,789
861,216
804,938
NA
1,574,588
1,816,466
4,266,110
NA
0
260
10
NA
112,271
145,447
161,229
NA
758
1,500
0
NA
0
NA
473,753
683
731
NA
 Note: Transfers Off-site for Further waste Management irom csecuon D (.cAoiuuiug umio^o Ull o^ .w ^^^-.--..	 -—- -
 tt^sfers reported withoutavalid waste management code. Forms wimmore man one 4-digit SIC code wiUunS^
 category  One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3271 for 1988. The facility should have reported in SIC code 3721. The incorrectly reported amount
 SIsSS pounds of transfers to treatment. Examination of TRI data has brought to light other possible reporting errors that could sigmficantly impact the
 data for SIC code 32. At the time of publication, these data quality issues remained unresolved.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                              397
-------
               Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
 Table 11-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Stone
 Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32, Continued
SIC
Code
3262



3263



3264



3269



3271



3272



3274



3275



3281



3291



Industry
Vitreous China Table & Kitchenware



Semivitreous Table & Kitchenware



Porcelain Electrical Supplies



Pottery Products, nee*



Concrete Block & Brick



Concrete Products, nee*



Lime



Gypsum Products



Cut Stone & Stone Products



Abrasive Products



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
49,575
40,017
62,076
NA
0
0
0
NA
81,658
33,600
74,853
NA
0
3,359
6,100
NA
0
0
0
NA
104,195
122,976
334,883
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
13,736
10,583
12,789
NA
38,521
13,615
20,311
NA
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
65
446
267
NA
0
0
0
NA
10,944
15,169
11,010
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
723
418
NA
4,450
4,205
23,946
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
412
35,325
1,274
NA
113,503
163,422
141,449
NA
74,874
69,451
49,142
128,180
0
0
0
13,000
767
795
7,030
58,875
2,900
1,000
2,200
7,700
5,235
0
0
295,385
0
250
290
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
362,878
249,541
146,124
199,108
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
toPOTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
270
513
515
750
0
0
0
0
3,198
4,098
3,151
9,843
61
52
29
758
0
0
0
9
7,251
6,842
6,395
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
17,518
0
0
0
0
1,580
4,694
3,982
45,697
0
0
21,930
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
124,784
110,427
133,930
NA
0
0
0
NA
96,567
53,662
96,044
NA
2,961
4,411
8,329
NA
5,235
723
418
NA
115,896
134,273
365,514
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
14,148
45,908
14,063
NA
516,482
431,272
311,866
NA
   e   ransers   -se or  urer   ase  anagement om ecton  (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple"
category. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3271 for 1988. The facility should have reported in SIC code 3721. The incorrectly reported amount
was 295,385 pounds of transfers to treatment Examination of TRI data has brought to light other possible reporting errors that could significantly impact the
dl!a for SIC code 32. At the time of publication, these data quality issues remained unresolved.
*occ: not elsewhere classified.
 398
-------
                                               Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete


Table 11-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Stone,
Clav, Glass, Concrete, SIC Code 32, Continued
SIC
Code Industry Year
3292 Asbestos Products 96
95
94
88
3295 Minerals, Ground or Treated 96
95
94
88
3296 Mineral Wool 96
95
94
88
3297 Nonclay Refractories 96
95
94
88
3299 Nonmetallic Mineral Products, nee* 96
95
94
88
Multiple within SIC Code 32 96
95
94
88
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 32 96
95
94
88
Total for SIC Code 32 96
95
94
88

Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
83,800
0
0
NA
9,000
1,750
15,000
NA
667,526
321,164
278,334
NA
56,461
49,194
15,540
NA
0
0
0
NA
14,121
250
750
NA
537
2,066
15,897
NA
3,667,576
3,137,572
2,930,009
NA


Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
47,539
0
0
NA
1,458,970
1,673,687
1,131,391
NA
640
783
4,115
NA
6,981
9,090
6,981
NA
0
0
10,770
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
2,790,959
3,263,984
5,270,908
NA
8
0
0
157,145
126,852
540,297
436,333
500
405,140
28,334
74,077
93,612
6,200
1,000
2,625
2,545
111,076
134,588
168,521
32,209
167,693
166,293
111,538
4,435
0
0
5
361,026
2,847,670
2,228,568
2,267,816
2,563,554



Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
76
317
112
48,182
260
6,150
1,005
1,000
84,741
41,060
90,137
93,364
1,063
814
615
6,452
0
0
5
775
151,185
199,647
7,464
10,136
0
0
1
1,478
661,002
659,921
460,048
628,314
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,092
1,605
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
16,497
250
25,027
34,223
131,423
317
112
NA
1,595,082
2,221,884
1,583,729
NA
1,158,047
391,341
446,663
NA
70,705
60,098
25,761
NA
111,076
134,588
182,388
NA
332,999
366,190
119,752
NA
537
2,066
15,903
NA
9,983,704
9,290,295
10,953,808
NA
 Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
 transfers reported without a valid waste management code.  Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 32 are assigned to the "multiple"
 category.  One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3271 for 1988. The facility should have reported in SIC code 3721. The incorrectly reported amount
 was 295,385 pounds of transfers to treatment. Examination of TRI data has brought to light other possible reporting errors that could significantly impact the
 data for SIC code 32. At the time of publication, these data quality issues remained unresolved.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                                 399
-------
             Chapter 11 — TRI Data lor Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete


 Table 11-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996: Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete, SIC Code 32
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Wasje Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
1991
Pounds
64,319,675
781,439,504
64,333,845
910,093,024
3,430,448
6,839,905
1,908,476
12,178,829
23,222,325
945,494,178
56,841
Change
1994-1995
Percent
41.7
-32.5
521.2
-17.4
11.6
-38.3
-3.8
-16.4
16.6
-16.8
784.8
1994
Pounds
93,586,902
868,133,042
14,206,118
975,926,062
3,027,459
5,269,827
2,418,500
10,715,786
16,908,487
1,003,550,335
51,316
Change
1995-1996
Percent
12.8
-25.1
-76.6
-24.5
6.5
-13.2
66.9
15.0
20.2
-23.0
-80.4
1995
Pounds
132,654,260
585,566,707
88,243,066
806,464,033
3,378,016
3,251,888
2,327,223
8,957,127
19,722,496
835,143,656
454,039
Change
1991-1996
Percent
132.7
-43.9
-67.9
-33.1
4.8
-58.7
103.5
-15.4
2.1
-32.0
56.9
1996
Pounds
149,667,726
438,433,769
20,626,203
608,727,698
3,596,635
2,821,861
3,883,899
10,302,395
23,703,644
642,733,737
89,174







Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
400
-------
                                         Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass and Concrete
     150
     100-
     -50-
     -100
        Recycled     Energy   Treated
          On-site   Recovery    On-site
                   On-site

            On-site Waste Management
Recycled
 Off-site
  Energy
Recovery
  Off-site
Treated
Off-site
    Quantity
Released On-
 and Off-site
   Off-site Waste Management
    Total
Production-
   related
   Waste
       Figure 11-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
                            Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete (SIC Code 32)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
 million pounds to 3.6 million pounds, or 4.8%), off-
 site treatment (from 1.9 million pounds to 3.9
 million pounds, or 103.5%), and quantities released
 (from 23.2 million pounds to 23.7 million pounds,
 or 2.1%).
             Figure 11-13 illustrates the sector's percentage
             changes in production-related waste, by waste
             management method, for 1991 to 1996.
                                                                                                        401
-------
          Chapter 11 — TRI Data for Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete
402
-------
                               Chapter  12
             Toxics  Release  Inventory Data
        for Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)
A  Look at the Fabricated

Metal  Products  Industry

(SIC Code 34)

The fabricated metal products industry (SIC code
34) manufactures ferrous and nonferrous metal
products ranging from metal cans to hardware to
nonelectric heating equipment and plumbing
fixtures. Structural products classified in this
sector include iron, steel, and other metal
fabricated for use in bridges and buildings, along
with metal sections for ships and boats. Fabricated
plate work includes power boilers, marine boilers,
industrial processing and storage vessels, heat
exchangers, and similar products. The sector also
produces screw machine products (unassembled
parts made to specification on a job basis) and
standard bolts, nuts, screws, and other fasteners.
The metal forgings and stampings group forges
iron, steel, and nonferrous metals for aircraft,
automobiles, railroads, and other uses. The sector
also performs electroplating and finishing of
metals and metal products, along with metal
cutting, engraving, enameling, and galvanizing. In
addition, small arms, ammunition, and
miscellaneous ordnance are classified in SIC code
34, as are valves, springs, metal foil, pipe, and
other miscellaneous fabricated metal products.

Box 12-1 lists Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) codes and their designations for this sector.
In TRI, SIC codes are given as reported by the
facilities; these may differ from information in
economic and other data collections.

The fabricated metal products sector shipped
products valued at $214.01 billion in 1996, up
from $204.4 billion in 1995 (both in current
dollars). The sector employed nearly 1.5 million
in both years. Employment in fabricated metal
products has increased through the 1990s. From
1989 to 1996, production in this sector rose
13.2%, somewhat slower growth than the 17.6%
average for all U.S. manufacturing (see Chapter 1,
Table 1-10).

Three industry groups in SIC code 34 accounted
for the bulk of the value of shipments and
employment in 1996. Fabricated structural metal
products (SIC code 344 at the three-digit level)
shipped products valued at $59.39 billion and
employed 432,000. Metal forgings and stampings
(SIC code 346) recorded $41.28 billion in
shipments and 259,000 in employment.
                                                                                403
-------
              Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
 Box 12-1. SIC Code 34, Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Transportation Equipment:  Codes and
 Classifications
   SIC Code
                                                                 Industry Description
   343  Heating Equipment, Except Electric and Warm Air; and
        Plumbing Fixtures

        3431    Enameled Iron and Metal Sanitary Ware

        3432    Plumbing Fixture Fittings and Trim


        3433    Heating Equipment, Except Electric and Warm
                Ait Furnaces

   344  Fabricated Structural Metal Products

        3441    Fabricated Structural Metal


        3442    Metal Doors, Sash, Frames, Molding, and Trim


        3443    Fabricated Plate Work (Boiler Shops)




        3444    Sheet Metal Work


        3446    Architectural Metal Work



        3448    Prefabricated Metal Buildings and Components


        3449    Miscellaneous Structural Metal Work
   345  Screw Machine Products, and Bolts, Nuts, Screws, Rivets,
        and Washers

        3451   Screw Machine Products
        3452   Bolts, Nuts, Screws, Rivets, and Washers


   346  Metal Forgings and Stampings

        3462   Iron and Steel Forgings


        3463   Nonferrous Forgings

        3465   Automotive Stampings

        3466   Crowns and Closures

        3469   Metal Stampings, nee*
Manufacture of enameled iron, cast iron, or pressed metal sanitary ware.

Manufacture of metal plumbing fixture fittings and trim. Assembly of plastics
components into plumbing fixture fittings.

Manufacture of heating equipment, except electric and warm air furnaces.
Fabrication of iron and steel or other metal for structural purposes, such as
bridges, buildings, and sections for ships, boats, and barges.

Manufacture of ferrous and nonferrous metal doors, sash, window and door
frames and screens, molding, and trim.

Manufacture of power and marine boilers, pressure and nonpressure tanks,
processing and storage vessels, heat exchangers, weldments and similar products,
by cutting, forming, and joining metal plates, shapes, bars, sheet, pipe mill
products, and tubing to custom or standard design, for factory or field assembly.

Manufacture of sheet metal work for buildings. Manufacture of stovepipes, light
tanks, and other products of sheet metal.

Manufacture of architectural and ornamental metal work, such as stairs and
staircases, open steel flooring (grating), fire escapes, grilles, railings, and fences
and gates, except those made from wire.

Manufacture of portable and other prefabricated metal buildings and parts and
prefabricated exterior metal panels.

Manufacture of miscellaneous structural metal work, such as metal plaster bases,
fabricated bar joists, and concrete reinforcing bars. Custom roll forming of metal.
Manufacture of automatic or hand-screw machine products from rod, bar, or tube
stock of metal, fiber, plastics, or other material. (Includes a wide variety of
unassembled parts, usually produced on a job or order basis.)

Manufacture of metal bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, washers, formed and threaded
wire goods, and special industrial fasteners.
Manufacture of metal forgings or metal stampings, generally on a job or order
basis.

Manufacture of nonferrous forgings, with or without the use of dies.

Manufacture of automotive stampings, such as body parts, hubs, and trim.

Manufacture of metal crowns and closures, such as bottle caps.

Manufacture of miscellaneous metal stampings and spun products, including
porcelain enameled products. Includes household appliance housing and parts,
cooking and kitchen utensils, and other non-automotive job stampings.
*nec: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
404
-------
                                                                 Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metal,
Box 12-1. SIC Code 34, Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Transportation Equipment:  Codes and
Classifications, Continued
  SIC Code
Industry Description
  347  Coating, Engraving, and Allied Services

       3471   Electroplating, Plating, Polishing, Anodizing, and
               Coloring


       3479   Coating, Engraving, and Allied Services, nee*
  348  Ordnance and Accessories, Except Vehicles and Guided
       Missiles
       3482   Small Arms Ammunition

       3483   Ammunition, Except For Small Arms
        3484   Small Arms



        3489   Ordnance and Accessories, nee*


  349  Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Products

        3491   Industrial Valves

        3492   Fluid Power Valves and Hose Fittings


        3493   Steel Springs, Except Wire

        3494   Valves and Pipe Fittings, nee*



        3495   Wire Springs

        3496   Miscellaneous Fabricated Wire Products



        3497   Metal Foil and Leaf
        3498   Fabricated Pipe and Pipe Fittings


        3499   Fabricated Metal Products, nee*
Electroplating, plating, anodizing, coloring, and finishing of metals and formed
products for the trade or, on purchased metals or formed products, for the
establishment's own use.

Enameling, lacquering, and varnishing metal products. Hot dip galvanizing of
mill sheets, plates and bars,.castings, and formed products of iron and steel; hot
dip coating such items with aluminum, lead, or zinc; retinning of cans and
utensils. Engraving, chasing, and etching of jewelry, silverware, notarial and
other seals, and other metal products for purposes other than printing. Providing
other miscellaneous metal services. (All activities are performed for the trade or,
on purchased metals or products, for the establishment's own use.)
Manufacture of ammunition for small arms (bore of 30 millimeters or less).

Manufacture of miscellaneous ammunition. Loading and assembling ammunition
more than 30 millimeters, including component parts. Manufacture of bombs,
mines, torpedoes, grenades, depth charges, chemical warfare projectiles, and
their component parts.

Manufacture of small firearms and their parts. Manufacture of certain larger
weapons carried and employed by an individual (such as grenade launchers and
heavy field machine guns).

Manufacture of miscellaneous ordnance and accessories, such as naval, aircraft,
antiaircraft, tank, coast, and field artillery.
Manufacture of industrial valves.

Manufacture of hydraulic and pneumatic valves, hose and tube fittings, and hose
assemblies for fluid power systems.

Manufacture of leaf springs, hot wound springs, and coiled flat springs.

Manufacture of miscellaneous metal valves and pipe fittings, such as plumbing
and heating valves, and pipe fittings, flanges, and unions, except from purchased
pipes.

Manufacture of wire springs from purchased wires.

Manufacture of miscellaneous fabricated wire products from purchased wire,
such as non-insulated wire rope and cable, fencing, screening, netting, paper
machine wire cloth, hangers, paper clips, kitchenware, and wire carts.

Manufacture of gold, silver, tin, and other metal foil (including converted metal
foil) and leaf. Converting of metal foil (including aluminum) into wrappers,
cookware, dinnerware, and containers (except bags and liners). (Excludes
manufacture of plain aluminum foil.)

Fabrication of pipe and pipe fittings from purchased metal pipe, by processes
such as cutting, threading, and bending.

Manufacture of miscellaneous fabricated metal products, such as steel safes and
vaults and similar fire or burglary resistive products, collapsible tubes of thin
flexible metal, metal boxes, metal ladders, and metal household articles, such as
ice cream freezers and ironing boards.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
                                                                                                                                   405
-------
           Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
 Miscellaneous fabricated metal products (SIC
 code 349) had $40.83 billion in value of
 shipments and employed 300,000.

 Fabricated metal production includes a number of
 stages that can result in releases or waste
 management of TRI chemicals. Prominent
 operations in metal fabrication include forming
 (bending and shaping), machining (cutting and
 shearing), cleaning and stripping, and surface
 treatment and plating. Aqueous solutions,
 emulsions, and cutting oils (such as ethylene
 glycol) may be used to cool or lubricate metal
 pieces during cutting operations. Releases of
 glycol ethers to air may result from cutting
 operations as well as from coating processes. Air
 emissions of solvents such as xylene and toluene
 also may result from forming and cutting
 operations. Organic solvents, alkalines, and acids
 are used in cleaning and degreasing metal
 surfaces; these uses also may result in air
 emissions, particularly of solvents.

 Finishing operations often include plating, which
 uses solutions bearing metal ions for deposition
 on the surface of the fabricated workpiece.
Chrome (hexavalent or trivalent), copper, gold,
silver, cadmium, zinc, or nickel may be used in
plating tanks. Polishing, hot dip coating, and
etching are other finishing techniques. In plating
and hot dip coating, metal pieces are plated or
coated with another metal. The principal example
of hot dip coating is galvanizing with zinc.
Fabricated metal products may also be painted,
using dry powder or solvent-based or water-borne
formulations. Plating and finishing operations
may result in solvent releases and in waste
management of metals and other TRI chemicals.


1996 TRI Data  for

Fabricated Metals

Table  12-1 summarizes TRI reporting by the
fabricated metals sector for 1996. The sector
submitted 7,416 forms in 1996. Of these, 521
were Form A certification statements, certifying
that a facility's total annual report able amount of
a TRI chemical was less  than 500 pounds for the
year and that the facility  did not manufacture,
process, or otherwise use more than 1 million
pounds. (The Form A certification statement is
explained in Chapter  1.)
                                            Sources

  Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual,
      1987: Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and industry descriptions.
  U,S. Industry & Trade Outlook '98, DRLMcGraw Hill, Standard & Poor's, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
      International Trade Administration, 1998: economic analyses, also provides some information on environment
      and industrial processes for selected industries.
  U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufactures: Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries, M96(AS)-
      1, February 1998 : value of shipments and employment.
     Supplemental data from U.S. Census Bureau  for some industries.
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Office of Compliance,
     Profile of the Fabricated Metal Products Industry, Sector Notebook project, EPA/310-R-95-007, September
      1995 : industry processes and technologies, pollutant sources, and
     selected economic data.
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Guides to Pollution Prevention: The
     Fabricated Metal Products Industry, EPA/625/7-90/006, July 1990 :
     industry processes and technologies, pollutant sources, and selected economic data.
406
-------
The plating and polishing industry (SIC code
3471) submitted 1,241 forms, or 16.7% of the
sector's total in 1996. The metal coating
industry (SIC code 3479) submitted 883 forms
(11.9%). A total of 688 forms (9.3%) reported
more than one SIC code within SIC code 34;
these "multiple-codes" forms are explained
below. Two other industries in the fabricated
metals sector submitted more than 600 forms
each: miscellaneous fabricated metal products
(SIC code 3499), 623 forms; and metal cans
(SIC code 3411), 601 forms. These represented
8.4% and 8.1%, respectively, of all forms
submitted by the sector in 1996.

The metal cans industry (SIC code 3411)
reported the fabricated metals sector's largest
total on- and off-site releases (24.8 million
pounds) in 1996. This amount was 27.5% of the
sector's total of 90.3 million pounds. The metal
cans industry's reported releases consisted
almost entirely of on-site releases: 24.7 million
pounds or 35.2% of the sector's total of 70.3
million pounds. The miscellaneous metal
stampings industry (SIC code 3469) ranked first
for reporting of off-site releases, with 8.3
million pounds, or 41.4% of the sector's total of
 19.9 million pounds. The metal coating industry
 (SIC code 3479) ranked second in all three
 summary release categories shown in Table
 12-1: on-site releases (8.5 million pounds, or
 12.0% of the sector's total), off-site releases (3.1
 million pounds, or 15.5%), and total releases
 (11.6 million pounds, or 12.8%).

 The plating and polishing industry (SIC code
 3471) ranked first in the sector for other on-site
 waste management, reporting 55.6 million
 pounds, or 19.7% of the sector's total of 282.7
 million pounds. The cutlery industry (SIC code
 3421) reported the second-largest amount, 46.5
 million pounds (16.4%).

 Some facilities in the fabricated metals sector
 manufacture related, but distinct, product lines
                                              Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
that are classified in different SIC codes. A facility
may forge iron and steel (SIC code 3462) and
nonferrous metals (SIC code 3463). Another facility
may manufacture miscellaneous hardware (SIC
code 3429) and also perform plating and polishing
(SIC code 3471) for the fabricated metals trade.
Such facilities may report multiple SIC codes on
their TRI forms. (Box 1-5 in Chapter 1 further
explains reporting of multiple SIC codes and its
affect on the analyses presented in the TRI data
release.) In 1996, these multiple-codes forms
reported the sector's largest amounts of transfers
off-site for further waste management and total
production-related waste.

The multiple-codes group reported 50.0 million
pounds of transfers off-site for further waste
management, 14.9% of the sector's 336.5 million
pounds in this category. These forms also reported
 100.1 million pounds of total production-related
waste, 14.0% of the sector's total of 716.2 million
pounds. For transfers off-site for further waste
management, the plumbing fixture fittings and trim
industry (SIC code 3432) ranked second with 41.5
million pounds (12.3%). For total production-
related waste, the plating and polishing industry
 (SIC code 3471) ranked second with 90.4 million
 pounds (12.6%).

 Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 34

 Table 12-2 further examines reporting on forms that
 reported more than one four-digit SIC code within
 SIC code 34 in 1996. The largest number of forms
 (96 forms) combined plating and polishing (SIC
 code 3471) and metal coating (SIC code 3479). The
 combination of fabricated structural metal (SIC
 code 3441) and fabricated plate work (SIC code
 3443) submitted the second-largest number of
 multiple-codes forms (31  forms).

 Among the multiple-codes forms, the combination
 of plating and polishing (SIC code 3471) and metal
 coating (SIC code 3479) reported the largest total
 on- and off-site releases, with 945,000 pounds. The
                                                                                            407
-------
               Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
 Table 12-1.  Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34
Total Total
On- «nd Production-
OlT-silc related
Releases Waste
Rank Rank
1
8
IS
23
37
10
31
32
27
11
7
15
13
26
16
24
21
20
9
33
29
39
3
4
2
28
36
34
30
22
38
35
25
40
14
19
17
6
3
20

4
22
6
29
36
10
30
5
31
20
27
17
26
33
19
32
12
24
11
13
15
40
8
2
3
18
37
34
35
25
28
38
7
39
16
14
23
9
3
20

SIC
Code Industry
3411 Metal Cans
3412 Metal Barrels, Drums, & Pails
3421 Cutlery
3423 Hand & Edge Tools, nee*
3425 Saw Blades & Handsaws
3429 Hardware, nee*
3431 Metal Sanitary Ware
3432 Plumbing fixture Fittings & Trim
3433 Heating Equipment, Except Electric
3441 Fabricated Structural Metal
3442 Metal Doors, Sash, & Trim
3443 Fabricated Plate Work (Boiler Shops)
3444 Sheet Metal Work
3446 Architectural Metal Work
3448 Prefabricated Metal Buildings
3449 Miscellaneous Metal Work
3451 Screw Machine Products
3452 Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, & Washers
3462 Iron & Steel Forgings
3463 Nonferrous Forgings
3465 Automotive Stampings
3466 Crowns & Closures
3469 Metal Stampings, nee*
3471 Plating & Polishing
3479 Metal Coating & Allied Services
3482 Small Arms Ammunition
3483 Ammunition, Exc. For Small Arms, nee*
3484 Small Arms
3489 Ordnance & Accessories, nee*
3491 Industrial Valves
3492 Fluid Power Valves & Hose Fittings
3493 Steel Springs, Except Wire
3494 Valves & Pipe Fittings, nee*
3495 Wire Springs
3496 Misc. Fabricated Wire Products
3497 Metal Foil & Leaf
3498 Fabricated Pipe & Fittings
3499 Fabricated Metal Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 34
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 34
Total for SIC Code 34
Total
Facilities
Number
150
46
18
33
12
55
6
34
21
132
62
91
55
7
35
24
60
62
68
17
35
2
144
551
301
14
4
8
6
30
14
6
74
6
79
16
36
289
249
31
2,883
Total
Forms
Number
601
149
37
68
21
158
32
92
43
341
127
269
139
24
83
51
113
139
200
38
105
3
303
1,241
883
50
5
24
12
59
34
10
196
12
213
47
81
623
688
102
7,416
Form As
Number
4
0
3
2
2
4
3
1
0
159
10
22
14
1
5
12
6
12
11
0
12
0
27
29
33
2
0
0
0
7
0
0
12
1
27
0
4
34
62
0
521
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
24,734,812
2,274,771
720,956
367,187
7,057
1,242,921
58,460
70,851
328,601
1,682,724
2,283,760
1,424,326
1,577,583
228,864
1,055,416
404,639
424,315
373,233
702,204
71,130
273,918
28,867
2,451,432
4,102,006
8,459,218
106,877
69,364
46,709
196,083
397,685
42,041
77,504
275,759
12,602
888,558
432,014
743,525
5,467,702
4,624,980
1,589,812
70,320,466
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
59,341
0
83,229
43,042
60,330
632,806
127,650
69,729
2,009
141,818
1,380
92,391
52,417
108,861
101,243
270
5,259
81,970
1,256,282
44,077
15,616
o
8,254,646
2,739,869
3,094,957
222,280
o
39,569
66
19,568
5,805
4,968
63,222
12,372
699,516
40,523
95,250
323,144
1,287,991
50,435
19,933,901
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
24,794,153
2,274,771
804,185
410,229
67,387
1,875,727
186,110
140,580
330,610
1,824,542
2,285,140
1,516,717
1,630,000
"3377725 	
1,156,659
404,909
429,574
455,203
1,958,486
115,207
289^534
28,867
10,706,'078
	 6J(Ki$}'5"
11,554,175
329,157
69,364
86^278
196,149
417,253
47,846
82,472
338,981
24,974
1,588,074
472,537
838,775
5,790,846
5,912,971
1,640,247
90,254,367
i«, ««««.iirnf r	D  -r . i £."  _r   XiTT : ""-aue ™aMemanagement irom section a ot form K. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-siti
10 disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total

rEmo%^^     £™  °^T-  £2mi? Y^: C°lumn B) °f Form R'except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).

S»« KSf ^SV^?   f TA4"^'SIC ^C Wlthm SIC C°de 34 m assj8ned to to "muItiPle" Category.  One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code
3999 for 1996. The facility should have reported in SIC code 3499. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 30 pounds of total releases 3209773

pounds ofolheron-site waste management, 207,776 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management and 3,417,119 pounds of total production-related


*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 408
-------
                                                               Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Table 12-1.  Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34, Continued
SIC
Code
3411
3412
3421
3423
3425
3429
3431
3432
3433
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
3448
3449
3451
3452
3462
3463
3465
3466
3469
3471
3479
3482
3483
3484
3489
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499


Industry
Metal Cans
Metal Barrels, Drums, & Pails
Cutlery
Hand & Edge Tools, nee*
Saw Blades & Handsaws
Hardware, nee*
Metal Sanitary Ware
Plumbing Fixture Fittings & Trim
Heating Equipment, Except Electric
Fabricated Structural Metal
Metal Doors, Sash, & Trim
Fabricated Plate Work (Boiler Shops)
Sheet Metal Work
Architectural Metal Work
Prefabricated Metal Buildings
Miscellaneous Metal Work
Screw Machine Products
Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, & Washers
Iron & Steel Forgings
Nonferrous Forgings
Automotive Stampings
Crowns & Closures
Metal Stampings, nee*
Plating & Polishing
Metal Coating & Allied Services
Small Arms Ammunition
Ammunition, Exc. For Small Arms, nee*
Small Arms
Ordnance & Accessories, nee*
Industrial Valves
Fluid Power Valves & Hose Fittings
Steel Springs, Except Wire
Valves & Pipe Fittings, nee*
Wire Springs
Misc. Fabricated Wire Products
Metal Foil & Leaf
Fabricated Pipe & Fittings
Fabricated Metal Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 34
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 34
Total for SIC Code 34
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
35,667,283
1,663,926
46,494,092
896,310
0
7,414,322
1,019,805
8,938,665
2,464
96,333
64,438
1,415,576
894,945
180,396
6,495,718
291,332
454,674
2,986,542
1,925,299
12,878,364
394,704
0
1,680,923
55,575,656
34,651,671
573,145
0
34,897
67,500
57,980
8,500
0
14,269,079
25,000
1,487,363
5,978,807
202,025
4,323,607
31,598,570
2,025,199
282,735,110
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
10,824,509
1,335,250
457,713
678,473
298,513
9,789,085
411,364
41,492,381
686,653
7,516,467
458,215
4,797,964
1,064,348
422,383
161,992
233,314
17,833,718
1,187,571
16,169,388
2,019,402
10,936,788
2,388
31,797,117
25,686,313
30,134,062
7,168,594
239,855
460,186
183,656
3,866,723
2,620,998
39,687
23,606,655
39,649
5,021,257
8,241,623
3,634,947
12,621,331
50,045,354
2,356,109
336,541,995
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
71,182,816
5,275,763
47,731,906
1,982,201
378,514
19,565,567
1,611,185
50,408,702
1,024,058
6,021,248
3,011,206
8,249,623
4,081,744
830,928
7,924,646
969,868
18,885,627
4,660,551
19,350,370
15,149,775
11,635,959
31,117
36,001,327
90,428,587
74,812,903
7,939,935
311,988
582,721
446,427
4,341,729
2,674,981
123,555
38,596,711
91,871
8,779,077
14,467,295
5,219,743
25,561,096
100,052,011
5,844,321
716,239,652
Non-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
2,131
0
0
0
0
1,936
0
0
0
33,230
0
110
0
0
500
0
200
0
0
0
0
0
27,165
2,341
21,190
61,973
0
0
1,128
0
0
0
0
0
760
820
0
1,576
4,658
0
159,718
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
 to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
 Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
 Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code
 3999 for 1996. The facility should have reported in SIC code 3499.  The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 30 pounds of total releases, 3,209,773
 pounds of other on-site waste management, 207,776 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management and 3,417,119 pounds of total production-related
 waste.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                                409
-------
              Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
 Table 12-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34
SIC Codes
3411
3411
3411
3412
3412
3423
3423
3425
3429
3429
3429
3429
3429
3429
3429
3429
3429
3431
3431
3432
3432
3432
3441
3441
3441
3441
3441
3441
3441
3441
3441
3441
3441
3442
3442
3442
3442
3442
3442
3442
3443
3443
3443
3443
3444
3444
3444
3444
3444
3444
3446
3446
3449
3449
3449
3449
3451
34SI
34S1
3451
34SI
34S1
3451
3451
3451
3412
3469
3479
3479
3494
3462
3471
3432
3441
3442
34S1
3469
3469
3471
3471
3471
3499
3469
3469
3451
3471
3494
3442
3442
3443
3443
3443
3444
3446
3449
3479
3496
3499
3444
3446
3446
3446
3452
3471
3490
3471
3479
3498
3499
3449
3469
3471
3479
3493
3499
3449
3471
3469
3469
3479
3492
3452
3452
3463
3465
3469
3471
3471
3471
3491
3479 3499




3471


3452 3462 3495
3471
3469 3471
3471
3499

3492
3497


3499
3471



3444 3446 3469

3444 3498
3449

3479




3446 3479 3499

3469 3471
3471

3499

3498




3499
3499






3479 3499

3494

3499

3482


3491 3499
3492

Total
Forms Form As
dumber Number
9
1
12
3
4
1
7
3
2
8
5
6
1
22
4
10
7
4
6
4
6
4
4
4
31
2
1
1
4
1
10
Z
4
8
1
3
1
1
3
7
4
1
8
1
5
5
1
9
1
4
8
5
5
1
2
2
2
1
4
1
1
7
2
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
20
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
128,407
52,514
227,715
56,457
1,010
18,246
2,728
16,870
1,155
19,755
0
520
2,597
193,763
0
227,406
236,795
356
0
11
57
41,243
755
2,325
218,536
500
11,088
0
122,366
0
1,255
500
64,770
158,969
0
36
0
0
20
184,373
30
8,850
6,249
19,742
30,029
56,691
0
127,413
467
55,150
41,065
106,505
10,505
0
82,724
0
0
3,700
0
12
14,900
1,108
8,049
0
20,000
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
250
0
0
0
500
0
7,979
108,543
380
31
0
0
0
5,956
0
0
0
893
0
11
27,614
0
6,620
832
1,250
0
0
0
250
0
9,100
0
0
0
1
86,884
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,460
0
0
42,243
0
0
0
0
2,530
0
1,246
0
0
30
0
0
1,750
0
0
4,012
0
1,500
0
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off-site for
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
128,657
52,514
227,715
56,457
1,510
18,246
10,707
125,413
1,535
19,786
0
520
2,597
199,719
0
227,406
236,795
1,249
0
22
27,671
41,243
7,375
3,157
219,786
500
11,088
0
122,616
0
10,355
500
64,770
158,969
1
86,920
0
0
20
184,373
30
8,850
14,709
19,742
30,029
98,934
0
127,413
467
55,150
43,595
106,505
11,751
0
82,724
30
0
3,700
1,750
12
14,900
5,120
8,049
1,500
20,000
223,817
0
828,141
41,310
26,300
0
0
0
37,000
882
0
11,242,729
16,772
309,527
0
733,540
28,422
45,773
0
12,375
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
39,182
0
500
0
0
140,969
0
0
0
0
30,142
0
17,280
21,000
59,000
0
15,340
1,665
1,300
114,706
5,250,000
0
11,450
48,000
0
0
12,750
0
0
0
237,300
24,488
0
0
28,292
0
0
162,656
0
157,277
0
84,348
2,390
49,253
161,454
370,081
928,879
0
1,918,169
250
1,308,726
127,115
99,447
10,627
10
0
549
921,000
689,405
134,122
23,497
5,314
21,000
0
0
8,769
0
310,856
41,676
490
87,322
25,200
119,553
0
0
62
0
20,363
8,850
353,265
0
33,313
7,719
2,110
374,894
420,000
61,500
3,510
35,600
779,611
0
0
537,274
18,800
0
505
0
1,363
616,341
6,305
523,005
0
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
522,425
52,514
1,212,831
97,767
110,560
20,636
59,937
294,014
407,771
945,251
0
12,351,228
19,662
1,834,204
126,860
1,109,631
295,228
51,360
0
7,292,887
2,298,094
4,911,130
146,531
26,993
11,134
21,170
11,088
0
171,362
0
319,621
41,697
65,220
473,628
25,001
207,394
0
0
60,352
157,589
37,855
38,200
426,797
19,742
46,078
64,206
3,410
617,014
5,670,467
61,880
56,820
83,616
791,164
0
95,474
537,302
18,800
3,700
253,033
24,500
16,263
621,194
42,641
523,632
20,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,600
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: On-sltc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases are transfers off-site to disposal
from Section 6 of Form R, Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 of Form R. Total Production-related Waste sums
Section 8 of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
410
-------
                                                           Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Table 12-2.  Multiple SIC Codes, 1996:  Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34, Continued
SIC Codes
3451 3492
3451 3492
3451 3498
3451 3499
3452 3458
3452 3465
3452 3469
3452 3471
3452 3471
3452 3479
3452 3496
3462 3463
3462 3463
3462 3471
3462 3479
3462 3494
3463 3483
3463 3491
3465 3469
3465 3471
3465 3479
3468 3479
3469 3471
3469 3471
3469 3471
3469 3471
3469 3479
3469 3479
3469 3493
3469 3493
3469 3493
3469 3495
3469 3496
3469 3499
3471 3479
3471 3479
3471 3479
3471 3479
3471 3484
3471 3490
3471 3491
3471 3496
3471 3496
3471 3497
3471 3499
3474 3479
3479 3494
3479 3496
3479 3498
3479 3499
3482 3483
3482 3489
3489 3499
3490 3499
3491 3494
3493 3495
3493 3495
3494 3479
3496 3499
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number

3494



3479 3489


3479



3465 3482 3489




3492

3499



3479
3495
3499

3499

3495
3495 3496




3493 3495
3498
3499
3499

3494

3499



3498
3499








3496


Total for SIC Code 34
2
4
5
3
3
3
1
10
8
1
3
25
7
5
3
4
1
3
15
1
5
4
13
2
4
1
7
12
1
1
1
3
1
6
96
2
3
10
1
2
3
6
4
3
14
15
2
2
2
14
3
4
1
7
14
3
2
1
3
688
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
3
0
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
62
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
0
0
0
8,712
15
2,658
0
76,339
148,682
144,000
0
22,717
327,594
0
2,055
0
0
12
67,783
255
34,010
58,794
81,133
17,650
50,271
11,627
71,075
9,130
0
16,730
500
17,969
42,700
36,091
339,403
935
22,646
31,027
0
255
5
0
11,155
255
62,113
39,839
1
2,996
986
47,982
56,900
0
0
91,170
20
26,810
30,604
37
25,052
4,624,980
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
4350
47,098
0
0
7,440
13,100
12,303
0
0
0
250
383
0
16,944
0
12,210
0
0
0
4,798
0
0
0
1,841
6,880
0
0
605,492
53
0
2,112
0
0
252
1,462
13,705
0
4,229
2,593
72
0
168,700
1,728
0
0
0
1,014
2,682
500
0
11,138
25,047
1,287,991
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off-site for
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
750
0
8,712
15
2,658
0
80,689
195,780
144,000
0
30,157
340,694
12,303
2,055
0
0
262
68,166
255
50,954
58,794
93,343
17,650
50,271
11,627
75,873
9,130
0
16,730
2,341
24,849
42,700
36,091
944,895
988
22,646
33,139
0
255
257
1,462
24,860
255
66,342
42,432
73
2,996
169,686
49,710
56,900
0
0
92,184
2,702
27,310
30,604
11,175
50,099
5,912,971
0
0
0
0
0
134,784
0
65,814
621,373
0
0
6
832,000
737
0
0
115,575
5,261,000
54,820
46,665
6,600
0
947,693
0
28,000
9,852
278,642
0
15,000
0
0
0
20,377
0
2,705,799
22,000
5,998
121,170
0
78
0
9,400
21,000
18,188
89,395
371,522
0
36,220
0
78,910
0
0
0
80,000
0
0
0
0
0
31,598,570
5,315,012
17,033,398
553
472,359
5,413
236,372
228,414
41,364
67,743
2,900
0
1,509,550
253,300
51,672
2,055
124,100
29,700
454,255
1,338,800
0
12,743
28,766
171,825
433
82,947
53,460
25,847
545,915
0
12,000
10,623
66,883
7,250
5,610,717
2,036,590
44,000
420
112,853
0
20
219,005
4,036
500
3,683
372,317
106,325
27,115
6,370
811,034
9,743
40,800
0
0
125,596
592,655
82,600
7,007
72,491
0
50,045,354
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
5,354,043
17,857,600
195,774
481,068
5,416
373,814
228,414
187,226
906,538
146,900
0
1,714,418
1,396,790
64,712
2,061
124,100
145,275
5,732,135
1,472,337
46,910
69,252
87,562
1,206,113
17,833
161,363
73,800
379,929
554,887
15,000
29,000
12,664
91,479
32,369
5,641,911
5,225,551
66,993
28,564
267,332
0
156
219,500
13,892
45,648
21,933
572,672
520,053
27,272
46,178
980,720
141,919
97,700
0
0
297,335
595,596
109,420
37,611
75,663
25,052
100,052,011
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
130
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
205
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
723
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,658
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases are transfers off-site to disposal
 from Section 6 of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 of Form R. Total Production-related Waste sums
 Section 8 of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
                                                                                                                         411
-------
            Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
  combination of screw machine products (SIC code
  3451), fluid power valves and hose fittings (SIC
  code 3492), and miscellaneous valves and pipe
  fittings (SIC code 3494) reported the largest total
  production-related waste (17.9 million pounds).

  On- and Off-site Releases

  Air emissions of 69.2 million pounds accounted
  for three-fourths (76.7%) of the fabricated metal
  sector's reporting of total on- and off-site releases
  in 1996. Most of the remainder (22.1%) was
reported as off-site releases (transfers to
disposal), which totaled 19.9 million pounds.
Other types of releases amounted to less than 1%
each of the sector's total on- and off-site releases.

Table 12-3 presents the sector's reporting of on-
and off-site releases in 1996, and Figure 12-1
illustrates their distribution by type of release.

The metal cans industry (SIC code 3411) reported
24.7 million pounds of air emissions (35.7% of the
sector's total), including 11.6 million pounds of
 Table 12-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3411
3479
3469
3471
3499
3442
3412
3462
3429
3441
3444
3496
3443
344S
3493
3421
3497
3452
34S1
3491
3423
3449
3494
3446
3433
3482
3465
34S9
3431
3432
3443
34S4
3493
3483
3425
3492
3466
3495

Industry
Metal Cant
Metal Coaling & Allied Services
Metal Stampings, nee*
Plating & Polishing
Multiple within SIC Code 34
Fabricated Metal Products, nee*
Metal Doors, Sash, & Trim
Metal Barrels, Drums, & Pails
Iron & Steel Forging*
Hardwire, ncc*
Fabricated Structural Metal
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 34
Sheet Metal Work
Misc. Fabricated Wire Products
Rbriated Plate Work (Boiler Shops)
Prefabricated Metal Buildings
imbricated Pipe & Fittings
Cutlery
Metal Foil* Leaf
Bate, Nuts, Rivets, & Washers
Screw Machine Products
Industrial Valves
Hand & Edge Tools, nee*
Miscellaneous Metal Work
Valves & Pipe Fittings, nee*
Architectural Metal Work
Heating Equipment, Except Electric
Small Arms Ammunition
Automotive Stampings
Ordnance & Accessories, nee*
Mettl Sanitary Ware
Plumbing Fixture Fittings & Trim
Nonferrous Forgings
Small Arms
S«ecl Springs, Except Wire
Ammunition, Exc, For Snail Arms, nee*
Saw Blades & Handsaws
Raid Power Valves & Hose Fittings
Crowns & Closures
Wire Spring*
Total for SIC Code 34
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
24,734,781
8,362,159
2,449,391
3,663,224
4,453,568
5,448,732
2,282,988
2,268,519
672,111
1,239,849
1,587,099
1,589,643
1,573,852
884,031
1,404,833
1,040,811
641,696
720,701
365,164
373,150
423,035
397,154
366,887
404,639
246,715
228,778
328,585
91,513
272,544
196,076
55,895
68,509
71,109
46,704
77,500
69,364
7,057
42,041
28,867
12,602
69,191,876
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
5
31,510
1,344
254,456
22,701
2,411
0
0
3,038
2,509
2,299
169
4
4,093
2,706
5
4,045
5
550
83
770
271
280
0
657
86
11
15,364
84
7
10
1,592
6
5
4
0
0
0
0
0
351,080
Underground Injection
Class I Class II-V
Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
563
0
0
0
•0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
563
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
0
250
0
147,914
10,959
8,891
0
0
0
0
7,500
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
10
5
0
0
27,622
0
5
0
420
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
204,331
19
65,299
697
36,412
137,752
7,668
772
6,252
27,055
0
85,826
0
3,727
434
16,782
14,600
97,784
250
66,300
0
500
255
20
0
765
0
0
0
870
0
2,555
0
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
572,609
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
24,734,812
8,459,218
2,451,432
4,102,006
4,624,980
5,467,702
2,283,760
2,274,771
702,204
1,242,921
1,682,724
1,589,812
1,577,583
888,558
1,424,326
1,055,416
743,525
720,956
432,014
373,233
424,315
397,685
367,187
404,639
275,759
228,864
328,601
106,877
273,918
196,083
58,460
70,851
71,130
46,709
77,504
69,364
7,057
42,041
28,867
12,602
70,320,466
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
59,341
3,094,957
8,254,646
2,739,869
1,287,991
323,144
1,380
0
1,256,282
632,806
141,818
50,435
52,417
699,516
92,391
101,243
95,250
83,229
40,523
81,970
5,259
19,568 	
43,042
270
63,222
108,861
2,009
222,280
15,616
66
127,650
69,729
44,077
39,569
4,968
0
60,330
5,805
0
12,372
19,933,901
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
24,794,153
11,554,175
10,706,078
6,841,875
5,912,971
5,796";846
2,285,140
2,274,771
1,958,486
1,875,727
1,824,542
1,640,247
1,630,000
1,588,074
1,516,717
1,156,659
838,775
804,185
472,537
455,203
429,574
; 	 :, 417,253 	
410,229
404,909
338,981
	 337J25 	
330,610
329,157
289,534
196,149
186,110
140,580
115,207
86,278
82,472
69,364
67,387
47,846
28,867
24,974
90,254,367
* -«"" «••« mi**** Am.ihwkjwnd *Av/«i4. yjt
-------
                                                  Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
             Transfers Off-site
               to Disposal
                 22.1%
    Other On-site
     Transfers
       0.6%

  Surface Water
     0.4%

   RCRA Subtitle C
     Landfills
      0.2%
Air
76.7%
                           Underground Injection < 0.1%
   Figure 12-1.  Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site
    Releases, 1996: Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from
Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
glycol ethers. The miscellaneous metal stampings
industry (SIC code 3469) reported 8.3 million
pounds of off-site releases (transfers to disposal).
This amount was 41.4% of the sector's total off-
site releases. One facility in SIC code 3469
reported off-site releases of 8.0 million pounds of
aluminum oxide. The metal coating industry (SIC
code 3479) ranked second for both air emissions
(8.4 million pounds, or 12.1%)  and off-site releases
(3.1 million pounds of transfers to disposal, or
15.5%). Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
(SIC code 3499) ranked third for air emissions with
5.4 million pounds (7.9%), and the plating and
polishing industry (SIC code 3471) ranked third for
off-site releases with 2.7 million pounds (13.7%).

Figure 12-2 shows the distribution of on- and off-
site releases for the industries (four-digit SIC
code)  with the sector's largest releases.
                  30,000,000
                  25,000,000 -
                  20,000,000 -
                | 15,000,000
                Q_
                  10,000,000-
                   5,000,000 -
         m Transfers .Off-site to Disposal
         • Other On-site Land Releases
         m RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
         D UIJ, Class II-V Wells
         ta UIJ, Class I Wells
         S Surface Water
         H Air
                            3411
                                  3479
                                         3469   3471    Mult.   3499    3442   3412   3462
                                                                                      3429
      Figure 12-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
                                    Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal). UIJ = underground injection. Forms
with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
                                                                                                       413
-------
            Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
  Other On-site Waste Management

  As shown in Table 12-4, the fabricated metals
  sector reported 148.0 million pounds of on-site
  recycling in 1996, half (52.4%) of the sector's
  other on-site waste management. The sector also
  reported 113.7 million pounds of on-site treatment
(40.2% of the total other on-site waste
management). On-site energy recovery totaled
21.0 million pounds (7.4%). Figure 12-3
illustrates the percentage distribution of on-site
waste management methods, as reported by the
fabricated metals sector.
 Table 12-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
347 1
3421
3411
3479

3494
3463
3432
3429
3448
3497
3499
3452

3462
3469
3412
3496
3443
3431
3423
3444
3482
3451
3465
3449
3498
3446
3441
3489
3442
3491
3484
3495
3492
3433
3425
3466
34 S3
3493

Industry
Plating & Polishing
Cutlery
Metal Cans
Metal Coating & Allied Services
Multiple within SIC Code 34
Valves & Pipe Fittings, nee*
Nonferrous Forgings
Plumbing Fixture Fittings & Trim
Hardware, nee*
Prefabricated Metal Buildings
Mettl Foil & Leaf
Fabricated Metal Products, nee*
Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, & Washers
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 34
Iron & Steel Forgings
Metal Stampings, nee*
Metal Barrels, Drums, & Pails
Misc. Fabricated Wire Products
Fabricated Plate Work (Boiler Shops)
Metal Sanitary Ware
Hand & Edge Tools, nee*
Sheet Metal Work
Small Arms Ammunition
Screw Machine Products
Automotive Stampings
Miscellaneous Metal Work
Fabricated Pipe & Fittings
Architectural Metal Work
Fabricated Structural Metal
Ordnance & Accessories, nee*
Metal Doors, Sash, & Trim
Industrial Valves
Small Arms
Wire Springs
Fluid Power Valves & Hose Fittings
Heating Equipment, Except Electric
Saw Blades & Handsaws
Crowns & Closures
Ammunition, Exc. For Small Arms, nee*
Steel Springs, Except Wire
Total for SIC Code 34
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
20,459,311
46,457,548
258,637
1,245,002
23,291,102
14,223,712
12,789,900
8,769,918
6,289,366
6,208,600
539,848
2,211,011
28,450
586,283
1,808,995
993,999
87,895
283,909
5,105
942,805
403
68,155
500
135,700
16,848
168,070
8,000
14,168
64,522
1,000
36,070
' 7,980
0
25,000
600
2,464
0
0
0
0
148,030,876
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
13,266
0
6,163,803
9,999,980
522,460
0
0
0
29,981
0
0
0 .
2,100,000
468,800
0
2,091
1,247,496
0
0
0
0
335,100
0
94,003
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20,976,980
Treated
On-site
Pounds
35,103,079
36,544
29,244,843
23,406,689
7,785,008
45,367
88,464
168,747
1,094,975
287,118
5,438,959
2,112,596
858,092
970,116
116,304
684,833
328,535
1,203,454
1,410,471
77,000
895,907
491,690
572,645
224,971
377,856
123,262
194,025
166,228
31,811
66,500
28,368
50,000
34,897
0
7,900
0
0
0
0
0
113,727,254
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
55,575,656
46,494,092
35,667,283
34,651,671
31,598,570
14,269,079
12,878,364
8,938,665
7,414,322
6,495,718
5,978,807
4,323,607
2,986,542
2,025,199
1,925,299
1,680,923
1,663,926
1,487,363
1,415,576
1,019,805
896,310
894,945
573,145
454,674
394,704
291,332
202,025
180,396
96,333
67,500
64,438
57,980
34,897
25,000
8,500
2,464
0
0
0
0
282,735,110
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the
"multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3999 for 1996. The facility should have reported hi SIC code 3499. The incorrectly reported
*nwun* was 3,209,773 pounds of other on-site waste management. The rank for other on-site waste management for SIC code 3499 changes from 12 to 9.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 414
-------
                                             Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
   Treated
   On-site
   40.2%
                                     Recycled
                                      On-site
                                      52.4%
  Energy
 Recovery
   7.4%
  Figure 12-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste
  Management, 1996: Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.

The cutlery industry (SIC code 3421) ranked first
in this sector for on-site recycling, with 46.5
million pounds (31.4% of the sector's total).
Almost all of this amount was recycling of
trichloroethylene (46.5 million pounds), including
40.5 million pounds reported by one facility.
Ranking second for on-site recycling, the
multiple-codes group in SIC code 34 reported
23.3 million pounds (15.7%). The plating and
polishing industry (SIC code 3471) ranked third
with 20.5 million pounds (13.8%).

The plating and polishing industry (SIC code
 3471) accounted for 30.9% of the sector's on-site
treatment, reporting 35.1 million pounds. This
 included on-site treatment of 15.8 million pounds
 of nitric acid. The metal cans industry (SIC code
 3411) ranked second with 29.2 million pounds
 (25.7%) of on-site treatment, and the metal
 coating industry (SIC code 3479) ranked third
 with 23.4 million pounds (20.6%).

 The metal coating industry (SIC code 3479)
 reported the sector's  largest on-site energy
 recovery: 10.0 million pounds, or 47.7% of the
 total. The metal cans industry (SIC code 3411)
 ranked second with 6.2 million pounds (29.4%),
 and the bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers industry
(SIC code 3452) ranked third with 2.1 million
pounds (10.0%).

Figure 12-4 illustrates the distribution of on-site
waste management reporting for the top industries
in this sector.

Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

In 1996, the fabricated metals sector reported
more than 90% of its transfers off-site for further
waste management as transfers off-site to
recycling. The sector reported 303.4 million
pounds of transfers to recycling. Other types of
transfers represented less than 5% each of the
sector's total transfers off-site for further waste
management. These were 13.7 million pounds of
transfers to energy recovery, 12.7 million pounds
of transfers to treatment, and 6.6 million pounds
of transfers to POTWs. The sector's reported
amounts of transfers off-site for further waste
management in 1996  appears in Table 12-5.
Figure 12-5 illustrates the percentage distribution
 of these transfers by type.

 Multiple-codes forms in SIC code 34 ranked first
 in the fabricated metals sector for reporting of
 transfers  to recycling, with 47.2 million pounds,
 which was 15.6% of the sector's total. This
 amount included 26.4 million pounds of copper.
 One multiple-codes facility (reporting SIC codes
 3451, 3492, and 3494) reported transferring 12.7
 million pounds of copper off-site to recycling.
 Ranking second, the plumbing fixture fittings and
 trim industry (SIC code 3432) reported 41.3
 million pounds (13.6%). This industry reported
 transfers to recycling of 17.8 million pounds of
 copper and 14.7 million pounds of copper
 compounds. One facility in SIC code 3432
 reported transfers of 9.8 million pounds of copper
 to recycling. Another facility in this industry
 reported transfers of 12.3 million pounds of
 copper compounds to recycling. The
                                                                                             415
-------
           Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
       60,000.000
       50,000,000
       40,000,000
       30,000,000
       20,000,000 •
       10,000.000 •
n
                r
                  3471
                          3421
                                  3411
                                          3479
                                                   Mult.
                                                           3494
                                                                   3463
                                                                           3432
                                                                                   3429
                                                                                           3448
     Figure 12-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                                   Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the
"muHip c categoey. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3999 for 1996. The facility should have reported in SIC code 3499. The incorrectly
reported amount was 3,209,773 pounds of other on-site waste management. The rank for other on-site waste management for SIC code 3499 changes from
 miscellaneous metal stampings industry (SIC code
 3469) ranked third for transfers to recycling,
 reporting 30.7 million pounds (10.1%).

 Two industries reported approximately one-third
 each of the sector's transfers to energy recovery.
 The metal cans industry (SIC code 3411) reported
 4.5 million pounds (32.5%), and the metal coating
 industry (SIC code 3479) reported 4.3 million
 pounds (31.3%). The third-ranked industry for
 transfers to energy recovery was metal barrels,
 drums, and pails (SIC code 3412), with 979,000
 pounds (7.1%).

The plating and polishing industry (SIC code
3471) reported 4.6 million pounds of transfers to
                                   treatment, 36.3% of the sector's 1996 total in this
                                   category. The metal coating industry (SIC code
                                   3479) ranked second with 2.1 million pounds
                                   (16.8%), and the multiple-codes group ranked
                                   third with 1.5 million pounds (11.5%). The same
                                   three industry groups reported the sector's largest
                                   transfers to POTWs: plating and polishing with
                                   2.1 million pounds (31.5%), metal coating with
                                   1.7 million pounds (25.5%), and multiple-codes
                                   forms with 736,000 pounds (11.2%).

                                   Figure 12-6 illustrates the distribution of off-site
                                   transfers for further waste management for the top
                                   industries in this sector.
416
-------
                                                               Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals


Table 12-5.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3432
3469
3479
3471
3494
3451
3462
3499
3465
3411
3429
3497
3441
3482
3496
3443
3491
3498
3492
3463
3412
3452
3444
3433
3423
3484
3442
3421
3446
3431
3425
3483
3449
3489
3448
3493
3495
3466

Industry
Multiple within SIC Code 34
Plumbing Fixture Fittings & Trim
Metal Stampings, nee*
Metal Coating & Allied Services
Plating & Polishing
Valves & Pipe Fittings, nee*
Screw Machine Products
Iron & Steel Forgings
Fabricated Metal Products, nee*
Automotive Stampings
Metal Cans
Hardware, nee*
Metal Foil & Leaf
Fabricated Structural Metal
Small Arms Ammunition
Misc. Fabricated Wire Products
Fabricated Plate Work (Boiler Shops)
Industrial Valves
Fabricated Pipe & Fittings
Fluid Power Valves & Hose Fittings
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 34
Nonferrous Forgings
Metal Barrels, Drums, & Pails
Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, & Washers
Sheet Metal Work
Heating Equipment, Except Electric
Hand & Edge Tools, nee*
Small Arms
Metal Doors, Sash, & Trim
Cutlery
Architectural Metal Work
Metal Sanitary Ware
Saw Blades & Handsaws
Ammunition, Exc. For Small Arms, nee*
Miscellaneous Metal Work
Ordnance & Accessories, nee*
Prefabricated Metal Buildings
Steel Springs, Except Wire
Wire Springs
Crowns & Closures
Total for SIC Code 34
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
47,221,144
41,274,389
30,748,969
22,021,698
18,587,147
23,507,538
17,710,495
15,964,855
11,315,170
10,743,633
6,045,016
9,533,569
6,902,837
7,105,567
7,068,030
4,433,511
4,525,659
3,854,842
3,562,584
2,588,247
1,727,460
1,628,596
181,164
740,302
791,565
524,113
590,467
408,092
116,223
424,802
384,716
358,251
119,133
237,555
221,576
80,100
126,109
39,687
34,287
0
303,449,098
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
615,413
5,949
352,175
4,303,215
418,791
8,683
17,194
32,785
257,452
62,147
4,455,356
7,370
855,826
282,509
10,176
17,829
43,886
1,001
255
6,702
327,042
459
979,127
19,047
76,158
147,482
3,220
12,279
271,698
0
2,177
0
0
1,095
7,832
97,853
21,152
0
5,337
2,388
13,729,060
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
1,453,163
204,871
194,262
2,128,630
4,600,560
69,197
64,610
158,173
739,282
49,906
308,355
122,281
461,935
99,094
82,660
554,471
159,186
2,525
71,544
1,143
301,250
331,012
19,549
32,087
97,337
14,284
67,074
39,496
50,674
10,845
35,475
53,091
75,286
1,205
3,900
5,630
13,726
0
0
0
12,677,769
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
735,732
7,167
496,259
1,680,519
2,079,565
21,237
41,419
13,575
309,427
81,102
1,982
125,865
3,625
29,297
7,728
15,446
37,751
8,355
564
24,906
357
59,335
155,410
396,135
99,283
774
17,712
319
19,620
22,066
15
22
104,094
0
6
73
755
0
25
0
6,597,522
Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
19,902
5
5,452
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
13,800
0
17,400
0
0
0
31,482
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
88,546
Total Off-site
Transfers
for Further
Waste
Management
Pounds
50,045,354
41,492,381
31,797,117
30,134,062
25,686,313
23,606,655
17,833,718
16,169,388
12,621,331
10,936,788
10,824,509
9,789,085
8,241,623
7,516,467
7,168,594
5,021,257
4,797,964
3,866,723
3,634,947
2,620,998
2,356,109
2,019,402
1,335,250
1,187,571
1,064,348
686,653
678,473
460,186
458,215
457,713
422,383
411,364
298,513
239,855
233,314
183,656
161,992
OQ £on
oy,oo /
39,649
2,388
336,541,995
 Note-  Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
 transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple category.
 *nec:  not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                            417
-------
            Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
           To Treatment
              3.8%
To POTWs
  2.0%
   To Energy
    Recovery'
      4.1%
                                        To Recycling
                                           90.2%
                                    Other Off-site
                                    Transfers < 0.1%

   Figure 12-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for
   Further Waste Management, 1996: Fabricated Metals
                    (SIC Code 34)
 Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6
 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site transfers
 arc transfers reported without a valid waste management code.
 1996  TRI Data by  State

 for Fabricated Metals

 Table 12-6 presents 1996 summary TRI data by
 state for the fabricated metals sector. Facilities in
 the fabricated metals sector are found throughout
 the United States. The sector submitted 683 forms
 in Illinois and 671 forms in Ohio. These numbers
 represented approximately  9% each of the sector's
 total of 7,416 forms. The sector submitted 485
 forms in Pennsylvania, 465 forms in California,
 and 447 forms in Michigan, each about 6% of the
 total.

Illinois ranked first for on-site releases by the
fabricated metals sector in 1996. Illinois' on-site
releases totaled 6.4 million  pounds, or 9.1% of the
             60,000,000
             50,000,000
             40,000,000
            30,000.000
            20,000,000
            10,000,000-
                                           • Other Off-site Transfers
                                           DToPOTWs
                                           D To Treatment
                                           El To Energy Recovery
                                           a To Recycling
                      Mult.
                             3432
                                     3469
                                            3479
                                                   3471
                                                          3494
                                                                 3451
                                                                        3462
                                                                               3499
                                                                                      3465
        Figure 12-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with
                       Largest Totals, 1996: Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple"
category.
418
-------
                                                       Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
sector's total. Ohio reported the second-largest
on-site releases, with 5.9 million pounds (8.4%),
Indiana ranked third with 4.0 million pounds
(5.7%).
Wisconsin reported the sector's largest off-site
releases (8.3 million pounds, or 41.6% of the
sector's total) and the largest total on- and off-site
releases (11.0 million pounds, or 12.2%). Texas
ranked second for off-site releases, with 1.6
Table 12-6. Summary of TRI Information by State,
Total
State Facilities
Brare Number
Alabama

\rKansas
California
Colorado
"
Delaware
*lorida
Georgia
riawaii
[daho
Illinois
[ndiana


Kansas
Kentucky

Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total for SIC Code 34
63
24
40
191
20
88
i
i
53
44
1
^
261
147
43
32
49
24
g
17
81
176
77
40
64
1
16
4
13
68
2
87
53
269
52
24
169
10
27
49
9
74
152
20
1
38
30
19
146
1
2,883
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
167
45
131
465
50
221
I
114
118
5
14
683
383
109
70
132
66
25
54
195
447
157
127
210
1
46
6
34
180
2
194
138
671
143
46
485
32
66
122
10
197
344
65
2
94
72
75
398
4
7,416
7
1
. 17
33
4
5
o
26
14
0
0
46
21
4
3
7
9
4
12
8
24
3
11
17
1
0
0
16
5
0
15
14
49
21
3
16
0
6
10
2
6
23
30
0
17
1
2
8
0
521
1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
2,588,559
231,787
781,135
3,060,608
1,033,497
1,154,205
0
1,774,079
1,472,345
137,142
1,127
6,406,711
3,983,506
1,231,512
1,057,353
798,804
655,822
41,247
597,444
761,589
2,102,759
2,337,399
1,783,871
2,357,698
0
698,281
20,328
90,535
1,578,183
11,505
2,362,424
1,749,408
5,938,733
1,046,954
252,797
3,243,480
283,818
190,820
1,133,563
135,355
3,066,866
3,248,523
492,577
15,692
1,817,940
1,290,287
2,334,433
2,754,773
212,992
70,320,466
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
123,813
452
351,952
419,582
558,985
211,254
500
7,568
59,449
71
19,017
1,329,550
648,994
71,794
118,568
309,866
147,230
7,700
64,129
82,999
325,550
29,941
185,861
384,347
104,738
21,082
25,333
59,296
250
401,261
98,532
1,466,023
604,941
13,488
744,673
695
114,389
39,444
1,400
256,427
1,602,456
6,410
0
49,814
560,239
13,951
8,289,637
250
19,933,901
Total Total Transfers Total Non-
On-and Total Other Off-site for Production- Production-
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste related related
Releases Management Management Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
2,712,372
232,239
1,133,087
3,480,190
1,592,482
1,365,459
500
1,781,647
1,531,794
137,213
20,144
7,736,261
4,632,500
1,303,306
1,175,921
1,108,670
803,052
48,947
661,573
844,588
2,428,309
2,367,340
1,969,732
2,742,045
0
803,019
41,410
115,868
1,637,479
11,755
2,763,685
1,847,940
7,404,756
1,651,895
266,285
3,988,153
284,513
305,209
1,173,007
136,755
3,323,293
4,850,979
498,987
15,692
1,867,754
1,850,526
2,348,384
11,044,410
213,242
90,254,367
7,731,805
4,830,451
2,350,466
16,491,688
879,317
2,649,897
3,000
1,520,546
3,800,952
67,357
449,980
27,120,565
23,996,072
10,763,146
725,535
961,120
467,762
30,573
913,348
3,161,077
11,497,321
2,117,078
5,074,299
6,681,472
o
781,703
0
482,120
5,904,740
0
6,829,805
14,952,079
18,505,482
5,413,470
858,287
13,989,286
234,237
750,914
2,646,794
0
4,323,792
5,041,862
6,216
0
56,209,254
404,601
1,974,837
9,106,804
34,000
282,735,110
6,819,872
4,188,378
4,971,081
10,151,580
9,594,205
8,414,798
2,500
4,813,416
3,189,672
41,548
412,860
17,963,064
41,797,469
4,212,001
1,124,718
1,994,131
1,552,362
450,094
1,394,609
3,817,798
32,826,108
3,437,166
3,586,912
9,370,987
0
730,158
892,017
4,383,995
5,058,928
250
10,428,716
19,950,708
26,109,424
6,626,296
909,273
27,217,457
709,221
2,045,683
9,465,880
26,221
5,434,659
16,816,606
359,545
20,543
3,099,912
1,501,500
977,890
17,648,289
1,495
336,541,995
17,361,405
9,289,793
8,705,157
32,616,108
11,525,219
12,541,376
5,830
8,045,211
8,596,585
246,119
855,627
54,227,591
71,928,698
16,328,222
3,560,908
3,780,774
2,838,102
528,323
2,961,219
7,788,132
51,969,052
8,239,230
10,598,761
18,534,894
0
2,190,662
914,996
4,987,826
12,363,726
11,960
20,180,401
35,768,639
51,974,070
13,318,396
2,051,941
42,470,851
1,229,278
3,098,995
13,642,394
162,776
13,150,343
34,150,793
1,000,598
36,235
61,455,119
3,535,977
5,317,171
29,905,019
249,150
716,239,652
0
0
0
520
0
211
0
2,126
500
126
27,300
28,270
4,985
0
820
110
0
0
0
382
1
2
0
34,673
0
0
0
0
743
0
54
15
15
0
0
1,943
750
200
0
60
65
21,672
0
0
805
10
0
33,360
0
159,718
 Note- On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management irom oecuon o ui ruiui ix. v.ii-an«= Mrara, uu... w^™» v^..,™., ~~ „_
 to disposal) of Form R Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. lotal
 Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents). One
 facility in Colorado reported incorrectly in SIC code 39 for 1996. The facility should have reported in SIC code 34. The incorrectly reported amounts were as
 follows: 30 pounds of total releases, 3,209,773 pounds of other on-site waste management, 207,776 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management and
 3,417,119 pounds of total production-related waste.
                                                                                                                   419
-------
           Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
  million pounds (8.0%). Ohio was third with 1.5
  million pounds (7.4%). For total on- and off-site
  releases, Illinois ranked second with 7.7 million
  pounds (8.6%), while Ohio ranked third with 7.4
  million pounds (8.2%).

  Virginia was the state with the largest other on-
  site waste management reported by the fabricated
  metals sector, with 56.2 million pounds, or 19.9%
  of the sector's total other on-site waste
  management. Ranking second, Illinois forms
  reported 27.1 million pounds (9.6%). Indiana
  followed with 24.0 million pounds (8.5%).

  The fabricated metals sector reported 41.8 million
  pounds of transfers off-site for further waste
  management in  Indiana, which was 12.4% of the
  sector's total. Michigan had 32.8 million pounds
  (9.8%) and Pennsylvania 27.2 million pounds
  (8.1%) of transfers off-site for further waste
 management.

 Indiana ranked first for total production-related
 waste reported by the fabricated metals sector
 with 71.9 million pounds (10.0%), followed by
 Virginia with 61.5 million pounds (8.6%) and
 Illinois with 54.2 million pounds (7.6%).

 Map 12-1 illustrates the geographic distribution of
 total on- and off-site releases in the fabricated
 metals sector.

 1996 TRI Data by

 Chemical for Fabricated

 Metals

 The top 15 chemicals and chemical categories for
 total on- and off-site releases reported by the
 fabricated metals sector in 1996 appear in Table
 12-7. Releases of these chemicals totaled 78.7
 million pounds, or 87.1% of all releases reported
 by the sector. Air emissions of 62.8 million
 pounds of these chemicals accounted for 90.8% of
 the sector's total air emissions. The sector also
 reported 15.4 million pounds of off-site releases
 (transfers to disposal) of these chemicals, which
 was 77.3% of the sector's total reporting in that
 category. Air emissions represented 98% or more
 of the total on- and off-site releases of 11 of the
 top 15 chemicals. The majority of releases for the
 remaining four chemicals were reported as off-site
 releases (transfers to disposal).

 The fabricated metals sector reported 17.2 million
 pounds of releases of glycol ethers, the top-ranked
 chemical in this sector for releases, as shown in
 Table 12-7. Glycol  ethers may be used in surface
 coalings, as a solvent for enamels and spray
 lacquers, and as a degreaser. As noted earlier, the
 metal cans industry (SIC code 3411) reported 11.6
 million pounds of glycol ethers releases to air.
 Reported releases of n-butyl alcohol, which
 ranked second, totaled 9.8 million pounds. The
 largest use of n-butyl alcohol is in coatings,
 specifically in nitrocellulose lacquers. Xylenes,
 also a solvent used in coatings, ranked third with
 9.4 million pounds.  Air emissions dominated the
 reported releases for all three chemicals.
 Aluminum oxide ranked fourth for total releases,
 with 8.5 million pounds, almost entirely as off-site
 releases (transfers to disposal). As noted earlier,
 one  facility in the miscellaneous metal stamping
 industry (SIC code 3469) reported 8.0 million
 pounds of off-site releases (transfers to disposal)
 of aluminum oxide.

 OSHA Carcinogens

 The  fabricated metals sector reported 13.4 million
 pounds of releases of chemicals designated as
 OSHA carcinogens in 1996, as shown in Table
 12-8. (OSHA carcinogens and the bases for their
 designation appear in Box 1-9 in Chapter 1.) The
 majority—12.3 million pounds or 91.6%—was
 reported as air emissions. The sector also reported
 994,000 pounds of off-site releases (transfers to
 disposal) of OSHA carcinogens.

Three of the sector's top  15 chemicals for total
on- and off-site releases were OSHA carcinogens
420
-------
                                                   Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
0)
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 CO
                                                                                                       421
-------
          Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
 Table 12-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code
 34 (In Rank Order)
CAS
Number
71-34-3
II30-2Q-7
1344-2$.!

79-01-6
78-93-3
IOS-88-3
J27-I8-4
75-09-2
: osio-i
7439-96.5
7I-S5-6


Chemical
Glyeol ethers
n-Butyl alcohol
Xylene (nixed tsemers)
Aluminum oxide
(fibrous forms)
Trichloroethylene
Zinc compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Toluene
Tetraehtoroethylcne
Dichioromcthine
n-Hcxane
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Chromium compounds
Mimgtncic
1,1,1-Trkhtorocthtne
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 34
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
17,208,967
9,784,045
9,383,016
13,000

7,600,608
228,336
5.432,423
4,386,423
2,511,011
1,787,938
1,727,985
1,667,080
24,443
194,066
845,247
62,794,588
69,191,876
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
1,326
250
16
0

116
20,021
13,420
5
7
5
0
5
1,714
2,133
10
39,028
351,080
Underground Injection
Class I Class II-V
Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
78
0
0
78
563
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
7
7
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
0
250
250
0

550
19,923
0
0
0
0
0
0
108,603
7,755
4,500
141,831
204,331
208
78
3,983
0

1,200
83,578
66,275
13,292
0
0
0
0
28,193
59,523
10,518
266,848
572,609
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
17,210,501
9,784,623
9,387,265
13,000

7,602,474
351,858
5,512,118
4,399,720
2,511,018
1,787,943
1,727,985
1,667,085
163,031
263,484
860,275
63,242,380
70,320,466
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off -site to
Disposal
Pounds
10,854
526
20,400
8,505,770 .
"
14,444
5,218,403
4,946
24,324
0
0
0
272
991,081
621,238
0
15,412,258
19,933,901
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
17,221,355
9,785,149
9,407,665
8,518,770

7,616,918
5,570,261
5,517,064
4,424,044
2,511,018
1,787,943
1,727,985
1,667,357
1,154,112
884,722
860,275
78,654,638
90,254,367
Notes On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.
 (see Table 12-7). These were trichloroethylene
 with 7.6 million pounds of releases,
 tetraehloroethylene with 2.5 million pounds, and
 dichloromethane with 1.8 million pounds. The
 great majority of these reported releases was air
 emissions. The sector also reported releases of
 479,000 pounds of nickel and 416,000 pounds of
 nickel compounds, among other OSHA
 carcinogens. These were both largely off-site
 releases (transfers to disposal).

 As shown in Table 12-8, the miscellaneous
 fabricated metal products industry (SIC code
 3499) reported the largest releases of OSHA
 carcinogens in the fabricated metals sector. This
 industry reported 2.7 million pounds of total
 releases of these chemicals. The plating and
 polishing industry (SIC code 3471) ranked
 second, reporting 2.03 million pounds of OSHA
 carcinogen releases. The multiple-codes group
 ranked third with 1.97 million pounds, and the
 miscellaneous metal stampings industry (SIC code
 3469) ranked fourth with 1.7 million pounds. In
 all four industries, half or more of the total on-
 and off-site releases consisted of air emissions of
 trichloroethylene (miscellaneous fabricated metal
 products, 1.5 million pounds; plating and
 polishing, 1.2 million pounds; multiple-codes
 forms, 964,000 pounds; and miscellaneous metal
 stampings, 1.2 million pounds).

 Figure 12-7 shows the on- and off-site releases of
 the four-digit SIC codes with the largest OSHA
 carcinogen releases.

 1996 TRI  Chemicals in
 Waste for Fabricated
 Metals

 Table 12-9 presents waste management data for
 the four-digit SIC codes in the fabricated metals
 sector. Nearly half (44.7%) of all production-
 related waste was recycled off-site, 319.9 million
 pounds out of 716.2 million pounds. On-site
 recycling accounted for another 148.0 million
pounds, or 20.7%. The third-largest waste
management option in the fabricated metals sector
was on-site treatment, with  113.7 million pounds
422
-------
                                                 Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Table 12-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Fabricated Metals, SIC
Code 34 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3499
3471
3469
3429
3421
3444
3479
3451
3498
3496
3452
3443
3494
3412
3423
3462
3442
3449
3465
3446
3432
3448
3484
3441
3482
3463
3489
3492
3491
3495
3411
3497
3483
3425
3493
3433
3431


Industry
Fabricated Metal Products, nee*
Plating & Polishing
Multiple within SIC Code 34
Metal Stampings, nee*
Hardware, nee*
Cutlery
Sheet Metal Work
Metal Coating & Allied Services
Screw Machine Products
Fabricated Pipe & Fittings
Misc. Fabricated Wire Products
Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, & Washers
Fabricated Plate Work (Boiler Shops)
Valves & Pipe Fittings, nee*
Metal Barrels, Drums, & Pails
Hand & Edge Tools, nee*
Iron & Steel Forgings
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 34
Metal Doors, Sash, & Trim
Miscellaneous Metal Work
Automotive Stampings
Architectural Metal Work
Plumbing Fixture Fittings & Trim
Prefabricated Metal Buildings
Small Arms
Fabricated Structural Metal
Small Arms Ammunition
Nonferrous Forgings
Ordnance & Accessories, nee*
Fluid Power Valves & Hose Fittings
Industrial Valves
Wire Springs
Metal Cans
Metal Foil & Leaf
Ammunition, Exc. For Small Arms, nee*
Saw Blades & Handsaws
Steel Springs, Except Wire
Heating Equipment, Except Electric
Metal Sanitary Ware
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 34
Surface
Total Air Water
Emissions Discharges
Pounds Pounds
2,645,026
1,572,298
1,854,128
1,660,571
705,157
518,077
471,792
436,969
419,174
321,802
290,467
319,481
143,520
139,847
101,914
64,324
16,049
73,776
81,259
75,320
57,271
58,071
47,139
54,795
42,383
18,841
24,296
23,028
22,000
16,271
12,851
9,788
10,846
222
4,557
301
0
274
30
12,313,915
69,191,876
781
1,874
1,032
532
610
5
4
688
5
250
36
0
899
34
0
260
2,010
10
0
0
0
0
507
0
5
1,174
0
2
0
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
10,727
351,080
On-site Land Releases
Underground Injection RCRA Other
Class I Class II-V Subtitle C On-site Land
Wells Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
563
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
6,640
5,119
4,364
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
3,411
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

19,789
204,331
250
3,545
54,929
5
0
0
2,356
592
0
8,889
0
0
919
5
0
0
4,805
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
23,033
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

99,338
572,609
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
2,652,697
1,582,836
1,914,453
1,661,108
705,767
518,082
474,152
438,249
419,184
330,941
290,503
319,481
145,338
143,297
101,914
64,584
22,864
73,786
81,264
75,320
57,271
58,071
47,896
54,795
42,388
43,048
24,296
23,035
22,000
16,271
12,856
9,788
10,846
223
4,557
301
3
274
OA
J\J
12,443,769
70,320,466
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-slte to and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
56,790
442,621
59,305
49,420
21,802
0
28,413
32,136
751
7,604
45,626
9,160
46,621
7,180
0
37,201
67,610
7,915
0
255
6,552
2,358
10,113
35
3,517
1,305
19,267
11,326
0
3,110
776
3,400
0
8,257
0
3,123
292
10
o

993,851
19,933,901
2,709,487
2,025,457
1,973,758
1,710,528
727,569
518,082
502,565
470,385
419,935
338,545
336,129
328,641
191,959
150,477
101,914
101,785
90,474
81,701
81,264
75,575
63,823
60,429
58,009
54,830
45,905
44,353
43,563
34,361
22,000
19,381
13,632
13,188
10,846
8,480
4,557
3,424
295
284
30

13,437,620
90,254,367
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
 SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
  or 15.9%. The sector reported 83.4 million pounds
  of quantities released on- and off-site, which was
  11.6% of total production-related waste. Other
  waste management methods represented less than
  5% each of the sector's total. Figure 12-8 shows
  the distribution of on-site waste management, off-
  site waste management, and quantities released
  on- and off-site in this sector.
A total of six industry groups at the four-digit SIC
code level ranked first or second in the various
waste management types shown in Table 12-9.

Multiple-codes forms in SIC code 34 reported the
sector's largest total production-related waste,
with 100.1 million pounds. This multiple-codes
group ranked second for on-site recycling, with
                                                                                                    423
-------
           Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
            3,000,000
            2,600,000
            2,000,000
            1,500.000-
            1,000,000-
             500,000-
           D Transfers Off-site to Disposal
           H Other On-site Land Releases
           E RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
           n UIJ, Class II-V Wells
           H UIJ, Class I Wells
           • Surface Water
           BAir
                        3499
                                       3471
                                                      Mult.
                                                                     3469
                                                                                   3429
       Figure 12-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
                       Largest Totals, 1996: Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)
Note: Oil-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. UIJ = underground
Injection. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 23.3 million pounds, and first for off=site
 recycling, with 60.4 million pounds. One
 multiple-codes facility (reporting SIC codes 3451,
 3492, and 3494) reported off-site recycling of
 12.7 million pounds of copper, and a second
 facility (SIC codes 3432, 3451, and 3471)
 reported off-site recycling of 6.9 million pounds
 of copper compounds.

 The cutlery industry (SIC code 3421) ranked first
 for on-site recycling, with 46.5 million pounds.
 The plumbing fixture fittings and trim (SIC code
 3432) ranked second for off-site recycling, with
 41.1 million pounds.

 The plating and polishing industry (SIC code
 3471) ranked second among fabricated metals
 industries for total production-related waste. This
 industry reported 90.4 million pounds of
 production-related waste, including 35.1 million
 pounds of on-site treatment and 6.8 million
 pounds of off-site treatment. Plating and polishing
 ranked first in this sector in amounts reported for
 both on- and off-site treatment.

 The metal coating industry (SIC code 3479)
 reported the sector's largest amount of on-site
 energy recovery, with 10.0 million pounds, and
 ranked second in three waste management
 categories: off-site energy recovery (4.3 million
 pounds), off-site treatment (2.3 million pounds),
 and quantities released (11.7 million pounds).

 The metal cans industry (SIC code 3411) reported
 the sector's largest quantities released, with 24.8
 million pounds. This industry also reported the
 largest amount of off-site energy recovery, with
4.4 million pounds. The metal cans industry
ranked second for on-site energy recovery (6.2
424
-------
                                                  Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Table 12-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34 (in Rank
Order)
SIC
Code

3471
3479
3411
3432
3421
3494
3469
3499
3429
3462
3451
3463
3497
3465
3496
3443
3482
3448
3441

3412
3498
3452
3491
3444
3442
3492
3423
3431
3433
3449
3446
3484
3489
3425
3483
3493
3495
3466

Industry
Multiple within SIC Code 34
Plating & Polishing
Metal Coating & Allied Services
Metal Cans
Plumbing Fixture Fittings & Trim
Cutlery
Valves & Pipe Fittings, nee*
Metal Stampings, nee*
Fabricated Metal Products, nee*
Hardware, nee*
Iron & Steel Forgings
Screw Machine Products
Nonferrous Forgings
Metal Foil & Leaf
Automotive Stampings
Misc. Fabricated Wire Products
Fabricated Plate Work (Boiler Shops)
Small Arms Ammunition
Prefabricated Metal Buildings
Fabricated Structural Metal
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 34
Metal Barrels, Drums, & Pails
Fabricated Pipe & Fittings
Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, & Washers
Industrial Valves
Sheet Metal Work
Metal Doors, Sash, & Trim
Fluid Power Valves & Hose Fittings
Hand & Edge Tools, nee*
Metal Sanitary Ware
Heating Equipment, Except Electric
Miscellaneous Metal Work
Architectural Metal Work
Small Arms
Ordnance & Accessories, nee*
Saw Blades & Handsaws
Ammunition, Exc. For Small Arms, nee*
Steel Springs, Except Wire
Wire Springs
Crowns & Closures
Total for SIC Code 34
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
23,291,102
20,459,311
1,245,002
258,637
8,769,918
46,457,548
14,223,712
993,999
2,211,011
6,289,366
1,808,995
135,700
12,789,900
539,848
16,848
283,909
5,105
500
6,208,600
64,522
586,283
87,895
8,000
28,450
7,980
68,155
36,070
600
403
942,805
2,464
168,070
14,168
0
1,000
0
0
0
25,000
0
148,030,876
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
522,460
13,266
9,999,980
6,163,803
0
0
0
2,091
0
29,981
0
94,003
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
468,800
1,247,496
0
2,100,000
0
335,100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20,976,980
Treated
On-site
Pounds
. 7,785,008
35,103,079
23,406,689
29,244,843
168,747
36,544
45,367
684,833
2,112,596
1,094,975
116,304
224,971
88,464
5,438,959
377,856
1,203,454
1,410,471
572,645
287,118
31,811
970,116
328,535
194,025
858,092
50,000
491,690
28,368
7,900
895,907
77,000
0
123,262
166,228
34,897
66,500
0
0
0
0
0
113,727,254
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
60,410,417
19,296,648
21,824,249
6,074,340
41,093,067
412,449
23,857,923
30,812,183
14,430,455
10,194,798
15,986,785
17,735,483
1,716,274
6,891,896
10,754,533
5,545,555
4,852,262
6,993,739
125,620
3,682,573
1,717,004
176,279
3,693,542
754,898
3,858,672
1,307,938
121,469
2,586,372
562,443
357,928
514,757
264,457
380,960
408,648
80,100
131,991
240,350
41,071
37,488
0
319,927,616
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
618,871
445,161
4,301,138
4,409,525
5,237
0
8,673
355,988
269,956
11,686
10,000
16,934
0
838,544
73,077
17,829
55,298
10,175
34,862
267,132
217,138
981,818
579
24,370
421
75,942
272,080
6,701
3,675
0
147,491
7,832
37,883
12,279
97,853
0
1,095
0
5,337
2,252
13,644,832
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
1,478,535
6,821,735
2,302,872
245,748
81,506
32,896
73,928
682,666
838,551
209,810
53,851
250,554
390,245
462,349
112,588
582,559
243,710
32,215
13,726
139,412
229,991
48,843
72,956
453,374
13,107
190,499
86,438
25,519
92,031
157
15,867
3,906
2,358
39,361
5,680
162,356
1,202
0
903
0
16,494,004
Quantity
Released
On- and
Off-site
Pounds
5,945,618
8,289,387
11,732,973
24,785,920
290,227
792,469
387,108
2,469,567
5,698,527
1,734,951
1,374,435
427,982
164,892
295,699
301,057
1,145,771
1,682,777
330,661
1,254,720
1,835,798
1,654,989
2,404,897
1,250,641
441,367
411,549
1,612,420
2,466,781
47,889
427,742
233,295
343,479
402,341
229,331
87,536
195,294
84,167
69,341
82,484
23,143
28,865
83,438,090
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
100,052,011
90,428,587
74,812,903
71,182,816
50,408,702
47,731,906
38,596,711
36,001,327
25,561,096
19,565,567
19,350,370
18,885,627
15,149,775
14,467,295
11,635,959
8,779,077
8,249,623
7,939,935
7,924,646
6,021,248
5,844,321
5,275,763
5,219,743
4,660,551
4,341,729
4,081,744
3,011,206
2,674,981
1,982,201
1,611,185
1,024,058
969,868
830,928
582,721
446,427
378,514
311,988
123,555
91,871
31,117
716,239,652
4,658
2,341
21,190
2,131
0
0
0
27,165
1,576
1,936
0
200
0
820
0
760
110
61,973
500
33,230
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,128
0
0
0
0
0
159,718
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility
reported incorrectly in SIC code 3999 for 1996.  The facility should have reported in SIC code 3499. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows:
3,209,200 pounds of recycling on-site, 573 pounds of treatment on-site, 206,766 pounds of recycling off-site, 567 pounds of treatment off-site, 13 pounds of
quantity released on- and off-site and 3,417,119 pounds of total production-related waste.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 million pounds) and on-site treatment (29.2
 million pounds).

 Distribution of production-related waste for the
 top industries in the sector appears in Figure 12-9.

 Projected Quantities of TRI
 Chemicals in Waste
 The fabricated metals sector's projections of
 waste management data through 1998 appear in
Table 12-10. (As explained in Chapter 1, facilities
not only report current data but project waste
management quantities for the next two years in
their TRI submissions.) Total production-related
waste was projected to decrease 4.3% from 716.2
million pounds in 1996 to 685.5 million pounds in
1998. The projected 30.8 million-pound reduction
in total production-related waste reflected
projected decreases in all waste management
methods except on-site energy recovery.
                                                                                                     425
-------
          Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
The largest reduction (in pounds) was projected in
quantities released, from 83.4 million pounds in
1996 to 73.4 million pounds in 1998. Off-site
recycling was projected to decrease from 319.9
million pounds to 310.5 million pounds. Each of
          Quantity Released
               11.6%
                                      On-site Waste
                                       Management
                                         39.5%
 Off-site Waste
  Management
    48.9%
   Figure 12-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related
     Waste, 1996: Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)
these represented a reduction of more than 9
million pounds. The sector projected a reduction
in on-site recycling from 148.0 million pounds to
142.6 million pounds and a reduction in on-site
treatment from 113.7 million pounds to  108.8
million pounds. Each of these represented a
reduction of about 5 million pounds.

Smaller (absolute) reductions were projected in
off-site energy recovery, from 13.6 million
pounds to 11,8 million pounds (1.8 million-pound
reduction) and in off-site treatment, from 16.5
million pounds to 15.7 million pounds (an
806,000 pound reduction).

In percentage terms, these reductions ranged from
a 2.9% decrease in off-site recycling, the sector's
largest reported method of waste management, to
a 13.5% decrease in off-site energy recovery, the
sector's smallest reported method.
Note: Daw from Section 8 of Form R.
      100%
      80% •
      eo%
                  S3 Quantity Released
                  • Treated Off-site
                  13 Energy Recovery Off-site
                  O Recycled Off-site
                  n Treated On-site
                  a Energy Recovery On-site
                  H Recycled On-site
       0%
            Moll.   3471  3479   3411   3432   3421   3494  3469   3499  3429
   Figure 12-9.  Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                                  Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
426
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                                               Chapter 12 —TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Table 12-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998: Fabricated Metals,
SIC Code 34
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 34
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 34
Current Year 1996
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
148,030,876 20.7
20,976,980 2.9
113,727,254 15.9
319,927,616 44.7
13,644,832 1.9
16,494,004 2.3
83,438,090 11.6
716,239,652 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1997
Percent
-1.1
6.2
-4.8
-4.1
-9.1
-2.6
-10.6
-4.1
Projected 1997
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
146.389 21.3
22,274,077 3.2
108,249,701 15.8
306,732,133 44.7
12,406,580 1.8
16,601,195 2.3
74,583,524 10.9
686,697,161 100.0
Projected Change
1997-1998
Percent
-2.6
1.2
0.5
1.2
-4.8
-2.3
-1.5
-0.2
Projected 1998
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
142,623,630 20.8
22,545,277 3.3
108,833,060 15.9
310,549,043 45.3
11,808,668 1.7
15,688,349 2.3
73,430,246 10.7
685,478,273 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1998
Percent
-3.7
7.5
-4.3
-2.9
-13.5
-4.9
-12.0
-4.3
 Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
  A 1.6 million-pound increase was projected in on-
  site energy recovery, from 21.0 million pounds to
  22.5 million pounds (a 7.5% increase).

  Figure 12-10 illustrates the projected percentage
  changes in the fabricated metals sector's waste
  management methods.

  The projected changes represent little potential
  difference in the ways in which the fabricated
metals sector manages its TRI chemicals in waste.
The sector's releases were projected to decline
from 11.6% of total production-related waste in
1996 to 10.7% in 1998. Essentially no change at
all was expected in the proportion of total
production-related waste managed by recycling,
energy recovery, and treatment. Thus, the sector
projected no real movement up the waste
management hierarchy, explained in Chapter 1.
                                                                                                427
-------
          Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
               On-site Waste
                Management
Off-site Waste
 Management
Quantity Released
  On-and Off-site
Total Production-
  related Waste
      Figure 12-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste,
                         1996-1998:  Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)
Note: Currem year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
 Source Reduction Activity

 Of the 7,416 forms submitted by the fabricated
 metals sector, 1,440 forms indicated one or more
 source reduction activities underway during 1996,
 as shown in Table 12-11. The plating and
 polishing industry (SIC code 3471) submitted 290
 forms indicating such activity. The metal coating
 industry (SIC code 3479) submitted 205 forms
 indicating source reduction activity. These
 submissions represented approximately 23% of
 the forms in both industries. In three industrial
 groups, more than 100 forms reported source
 reduction activity in 1996. These were the
 multiple-codes group (124 forms), the metal cans
 industry (SIC code 3411, 121 forms), and
 miscellaneous fabricated metal products (SIC
 code 3499, 114 forms). In these groups, the forms
 reporting source reduction activity represented
 18% to 20% of all forms submitted.
             As shown in Table 12-11, half (728 forms) of the
             forms reporting source reduction activity
             indicated improved operating practices. Other
             activities frequently cited were process
             modifications (338 forms) and raw material
             modifications (224 forms).

             Year-to-Year
             Comparisons for
             Fabricated  Metals

             1995-1996 TRI Data for Fabricated
             Metals

             The fabricated metals sector submitted 7,893
             forms in 1995 and 7,416 forms in 1996, a 6%
             decrease, as shown in Table 12-12. Although the
             number of Form As submitted was relatively
428
-------
                                                Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals


Table 12-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34
SIC
Code
3411
3412
3421
3423
3425
3429
3431
3432
3433
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
3448
3449
3451
3452
3462
3463
3465
3466
3469
3471
3479
3482
3483
3484
3489
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499



Total
Industry Forms
Number
Metal Cans
Metal Barrels, Drums, & Pails
Cutlery
Hand & Edge Tools, nee*
Saw Blades & Handsaws
Hardware, nee*
Metal Sanitary Ware
Plumbing Fixture Fittings & Trim
Heating Equipment, Except Electric
Fabricated Structural Metal
Metal Doors, Sash, & Trim
Fabricated Plate Work (Boiler Shops)
Sheet Metal Work
Architectural Metal Work
Prefabricated Metal Buildings
Miscellaneous Metal Work
Screw Machine Products
Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, & Washers
Iron & Steel Forgings
Nonferrous Forgings
Automotive Stampings
Crowns & Closures
Metal Stampings, nee*
Plating & Polishing
Metal Coating & Allied Services
Small Arms Ammunition
Ammunition, Exc. For Small Arms, nee*
Small Arms
Ordnance & Accessories, nee*
Industrial Valves
Fluid Power Valves & Hose Fittings
Steel Springs, Except Wire
Valves & Pipe Fittings, nee*
Wire Springs
Misc. Fabricated Wire Products
Metal Foil & Leaf
Fabricated Pipe & Fittings
Fabricated Metal Products, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 34
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 34
Total for SIC Code 34
601
149
37
68
21
158
32
92
43
341
127
269
139
24
83
51
113
139
200
38
105
3
303
1,241
883
50
5
24
12
59
34
10
196
12
213
47
81
623
688
102
7,416
Forms Rcpi
Source Red
Activit
>rting
action
ies
Percent of Op
All Forms P
Number Percent
121
58
6
12
1
19
6
29
7
31
30
54
27
0
17
8
11
19
24
9
10
0
74
290
205
6
1
3
5
10
5
4
20
4
20
20
12
114
124
24
1,440
20.1
38.9
16.2
17.6
4.8
12.0
18.8
31.5
16.3
9.1
23.6
20.1
19.4
0.0
20.5
15.7
9.7
13.7
12.0
23.7
9.5
0.0
24.4
23.4
23.2
12.0
20.0
12.5
41.7
16.9
14.7
40.0
10.2
33.3
9.4
42.6
14.8
18.3
18.0
23.5
19.4
Category of Source Reduction Activity
Raw Surface
Good Spill Material Process Cleaning Preparation Product
erating Inventory and Leak Modifi- Modifi- and and Modifi-
ractices Control Prevention cations cations Degreasing Finishing cations
Vumber Number Number Number Number Number Number Number
84
21
1
6
1
7
0
16
5
12
11
33
13
0
4
3
4
16
15
7
1
0
30
153
130
1
1
2
0
3
1
4
13
0
11
9
7
47
43
13
728
10
6
0
0
0
1
0
6
0
5
0
7
8
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
1
38
19
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
14
12
8
145
13
3
2
1
0
2
0
11
0
1
3
1
1
0
1
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
11
48
11
1
0
0
0
6
0
0
4
0
4
0
0
7
17
8
160
53
16
0
0
0
4
1
6
0
7
8
9
3
0
5
5
0
0
5
0
1
0
5
25
8
3
0
0
0
4
0
1
0
3
4
6
1
17
22
2
224
9
12
1
2
0
7
4
7
0
5
7
5
2
0
3
0
2
3
6
0
0
0
23
86
35
0
0
0
2
1
4
0
2
0
7
10
3
35
42
13
338
12
2
2
0
0
4
0
3
0
2
1
2
2
0
0
2
5
1
0
0
0
0
14
62
20
1
0
1
1
4
1
0
4
1
3
1
3
14
23
1
192
59
28
1
1
0
4
0
1
0
8
5
7
6
0
6
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
3
7
30
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
2
3
0
15
15
9
218
11
0
0
2
0
2
1
4
2
2
3
1
1
0
6
0
0
1
1
0
8
0
2
4
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
10
5
0
76
Note: Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 small, these submissions increased 27.7% from
 408 forms to 521. (The Form A certification
 statement is explained in Chapter 1.) This may
 reflect more widespread awareness of the Form A
 certification statement in its second year of
 availability.

 On- and Off-site Releases

 Total on- and off-site releases reported by the
 fabricated metals sector decreased 7.0% from
1995 to 1996, despite a 51.9% increase in off-site
releases (transfers to disposal), as shown in Table
12-12 and Figure 12-11. On- and off-site releases
totaled 97.0 million pounds in 1995 and 90.3
million pounds in 1996, a reduction of 6.8 million
pounds. Off-site releases (transfers to disposal)
increased from 13.1 million pounds in 1995 to
19.9 million pounds in  1996, an increase of 6.8
million pounds. One facility in the miscellaneous
metal stampings industry (SIC code 3469)
reported off-site releases of 1.2 million pounds of
                                                                                                 429
-------
             Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Table 12-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-
site for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996:  Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Ttin.sfeis_QHrSJte for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1995
Number
2,973
7,893
7,485
408
Pounds

82,836,389
28,648,445
54,187,944
395,001
931
685,640
83,917,961

13,120,660
97,038,621

152,113,451
19,352,037
134,688,285
306,153,773

316,886,128
14,491,702
11,332,910
5,786,056
142,224
348,639,020

1996
Number
2,883
7,416
6,895
521
Pounds

69,191,876
23,613,262
45,578,614
351,080
570
776,940
70,320,466

19,933,901
90,254,367

148,030,876
20,976,980
113,727,254
282,735,110

303,449,098
13,729,060
12,677,769
6,597,522
88,546
336,541,995
Change
1995 to 1996
Percent
-3.0
-6.0
-7.9
27.7
Percent

-16.5
-17.6
-15.9
-11.1
-38.8
13.3
-16.2

51.9
-7.0

-2.7
8.4
-15.6
-7.6

-4.2
-5.3
11.9
14.0
-37.7
-3.5
Note: On-silc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste
Management from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of
Perm R. Breakdown of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code.
 430
-------
                                             Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
    60
                  Air            Surface          Underground            On-site            Transfers
                                 Water             Injection              Land            Off-site to
                                                                  Releases             Disposal
          Figure 12-11. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:
                                 Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995.

 aluminum oxide in 1995 and 8.0 million pounds
 in 1996, an increase of 6.9 million pounds.
 The largest factor in the overall reduction was a
 16.5% decrease in air emissions, from 82.8
 million pounds to 69.2 million pounds, a
 reduction of 13.6 million pounds. About two-
 thirds (63.1%) of this reduction in releases to air
 was reported in point-source emissions, and the
 remaining third (36.9%) in fugitive emissions.

 The sector reported much smaller amounts in
 other release types. Surface water discharges
 decreased from 395,000 pounds in 1995 to
 351,000 pounds in 1996. Underground injection
 was less than 1,000 pounds in both years. The
 only on-site release type to show an increase was
 on-site land releases, which increased from
 686,000 pounds to 777,000 pounds.
Other On-site Waste Management

The fabricated metals sector reported 306.2
million pounds of other on-site waste
management in 1995 and 282.7 million pounds in
1996. These data also appear in Table 12-12. This
7.6% reduction amounted to a decrease of 23.4
million pounds. Much of this reduction occurred
in reporting of on-site treatment, which decreased
15.6% (or 21.0 million pounds), from 134.7
million pounds in 1995 to 113.7 million pounds in
1996.

On-site recycling also decreased from 152.1
million pounds to 148.0 million pounds (a 2.7%
reduction), while on-site energy recovery
increased from 19.4 million pounds to 21.0
million pounds (an 8.4% increase).
                                                                                              431
-------
           Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
  Management

  Table 12-12 also presents the fabricated metals
  sector's reporting of transfers off-site for further
  waste management for 1995 and 1996. Total
  transfers off-site for further waste management
  decreased 3.5% (12.1 million pounds) from 348.6
  million pounds in 1995 to 336.5 million pounds in
  1996.

 Transfers to recycling were both the largest type
 of transfer reported by this sector and the type
 with the largest reduction (hi pounds). The sector
 reported 316.9 million pounds of transfers to
 recycling in 1995 and 303.4 million pounds in
  1996. This 4.2% reduction amounted to a decrease
 of 13.4 million pounds. A smaller reduction was
 reported in transfers to energy recovery (from
 14.5 million pounds to 13.7 million pounds).

 The sector reported increased amounts for
 transfers to treatment (from 11.3 million pounds
 to 12.7 million pounds) and to POTWs (from 5.8
 million pounds to 6.6 million pounds).

 1988-1996 TRI Data  for Fabricated
 Metals

 As explained in Chapter 1,  comparisons from the
 1988 TRI baseline year to the current year rely on
 the list of "core" TRI chemicals that were
 reportable, with the same reporting definition, in
 all years. These multi-year comparisons also
 review only the data elements that were collected
 in all years, which excludes from this section any
 analysis that distinguishes RCRA subtitle C
 landfills from other land releases as well as
 analysis based on the types  of underground
 injection wells. On-site waste management data
 and transfers off-site to recycling and to energy
 recovery have been collected only since 1991;
 these data are included, but cannot be compared
 across the full 1988-1996 period.
 From 1988 to 1996, the fabricated metals sector's
 reporting of on- and off-site releases of the "core"
 chemicals decreased by 51.6%, from 160.4 million
 pounds to 77.6 million pounds, as shown in Table
 12-13. The largest reduction (in pounds) was
 reported hi air emissions, from 125.6 million
 pounds to 65.5 million pounds. Decreases in both
 fugitive and point-source emissions contributed to
 this 47.9% reduction in releases to air. The sector
 also reported reductions hi other on-site release
 types. Although these decreases ranged from
 81.8% to 99.6%, they represented smaller
 amounts.

 The fabricated metals sector reported 30.0 million
 pounds of off-site releases (transfers to disposal)
 in 1988 and 11.3 million pounds in 1996, a 62.3%
 reduction.

 Figure 12-12 illustrates the sector's 1988-1996
 percentage change in on- and off-site releases.

 On-site waste management and transfers off-site
 for recycling or energy recovery were not
 collected in 1988. For the 1994-1996 period, the
 fabricated metals sector recorded a 121.9 million-
 pound reduction in other on-site waste
 management, from 378.2 million pounds to 256.3
 million pounds. This was largely attributable to a
 reduction of 112.3 million pounds in on-site
 recycling, from 258.5 million pounds to 146.2
 million pounds. On-site treatment also decreased,
 from 98.9 million pounds to 89.1 million pounds
 (a 9.8 million-pound reduction). The sector
 reported an increase in on-site energy recovery
 from 20.7 million pounds to 21.0 million pounds
 (a 250,000 pound increase). These data also
 appear in Table 12-13.

The sector reported decreases of 41.0% and
57.2%, respectively, in transfers to treatment and
to POTWs from 1988 to 1996, as shown in Table
 12-13. The sector reported 18.4 million pounds of
transfers to treatment in 1988 and 10.9 million
432
-------
                                                            Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Table 12-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-
site for Further Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

1988
Number
2,747
6,978
6,978
NA
Pounds

125,627,135
49,533,320
76,093,815
633,439
154,199
3,991,275
130,406,048

29,963,711
160,369,759

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
18,398,215
5,577,568
5,563,733
NA


1994
Number
2,845
7,048
7,048
NA
Pounds

86,251,804
30,142,237
56,109,567
73,099
1,885
623,380
86,950,168

12,621,888
99,572,056

258,540,179
20,727,035
98,882,878
378,150,092

286,771,401
14,190,390
9,276,894
1,771,545
185,370
312,195,600


1995
Number
2,763
6,915
6,579
336
Pounds

78,389,865
26,193,451
52,196,414
100,161
681
631,871
79,122,578

11,318,363
90,440,941

136,804,493
19,352,037
90,407,188
246,563,718

315,161,842
14,307,596
9,294,577
1,995,529
100,256
340,859,8900


1996
Number
2,744
6,768
6,310
458
Pounds

65,503,836
21,822,343
43,681,493
79,268
570
728,061
66,311,735

11,298,798
77,610,533

146,220,552
20,976,980
89,055,195
256,252,727

312,080,751
13,533,239
10,861,766
2,387,467
71,544
328,934,767

Change
1988 to 1996
Percent
-0.1
-3.0
-9.6
NA
Percent

-47.9
-55.9
-42.6
-87.5
-99.6
-81.8
-49.1

-62.3
-51.6

- NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
-41.0
-57.2
-98.7
NA

 Note:  Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfunc acid.
 On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste Management
 from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown
 of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996. For 1994-1996, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
 waste management code.  For 1988, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code or codes not required to be reported m
 1988.  NA: not required to be reported in that year.
                                                                                                                          433
-------
          Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
 Q_
   -100
   -120
                  Air
Surface
 Water
Underground
   Injection
                                                                             Transfers
                                                                             Off-site to
                                                                             Disposal
Figure 12-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996:
                       Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)
 On-site
   Land
Releases
Note: Does not include detisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric
»dd. On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of
Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996.
pounds in 1996. The sector also reported 5.6
million pounds of transfers to POTWs in 1988
and 2.4 million pounds in 1996.

1988-1996  Data for Four-Digit
Industries  in  Fabricated Metals

Tables 12-14 through 12-16 summarize data for
1988 and 1994-1996 for industries at the four-
digit SIC code level within SIC code 34. The
tables present,  respectively, on- and off-site
releases, other on-site waste management, and
transfers off-site for further waste management.
                  On- and Off-site Releases

                  The metal cans industry (SIC code 3411) reported
                  the fabricated metals sector's largest decrease in
                  on- and off-site releases from 1988 to 1996. This
                  industry reported releases totaling 37.6 million
                  pounds in 1988 and 23.4 million pounds in 1996.
                  The reduction was attributable to decreases in
                  reported air emissions. The plating and polishing
                  industry (SIC code 3471) ranked second for
                  decreases, from 17.5 million pounds to 6.4 million
                  pounds. Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
                  (SIC code 3499) reported the third-
434
-------
                                             Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
largest decrease, from 15.0 million pounds to 5.6
million pounds. For plating and polishing and for
miscellaneous fabricated metal products, the
overall reductions reflected decreases in all
release types.

The sheet metal work industry (SIC code 3444)
ranked first for increases in total releases,
reporting 1.2 million pounds in 1988 and 1.6
million pounds in 1996. The increase was largely
attributable to air emissions. The industrial valves
industry (SIC code 3491) reported the sector's
second-largest increase, from 128,000 pounds to
417,000 pounds. This industry reported a larger
increase in air emissions, partly offset by a
reduction in off-site releases (transfers to
disposal). However, both industries showed a
decrease from 1995 to 1996. No other fabricated
metals industry reported an increase in total
releases from 1988 to 1996.

Table 12-14 provides release data for all four-digit
SIC codes  in the fabricated metals sector, for
 1988-1996.

 Other On-site Waste Management

The cutlery industry (SIC code 3421) reported the
largest decrease in other on-site waste
management reported in the fabricated metals
sector for 1994-1996 (on-site waste management
 data were not collected in 1988). This industry
reported 111.9 million pounds in 1994 and 46.5
 million pounds in 1996. Miscellaneous fabricated
 metals products (SIC code 3499) reported the
 second-largest reduction, from 64.7 million
 pounds to  4.2 million pounds. (One facility
 erroneously reported in SIC code 39 in 1996. The
 facility should have reported in SIC code 3499.
 This error does not affect the ranking of SIC code
 3499 as second for decreases in other on-site
 waste management.) Ranking third for decreases,
 the multiple-codes  group reported 50.8 million
 pounds in 1994 and 29.9 million pounds
in 1996. The majority of the reduction in all three
industry groups was reported in on-site recycling.

The nonferrous forgings industry (SIC code 3463)
reported the sector's largest increase in other on-
site waste management, from 283,000 pounds in
1994 to 12.9 million pounds in 1996. One facility
in SIC code 3463 submitted forms for copper in
1994 and 1995 with no on-site recycling; in 1996,
this facility reported recycling 12.8 million
pounds of copper on-site. The plating and
polishing industry (SIC code 3471) ranked
second, reporting 36.0 million pounds in 1994 and
44.8 million pounds in 1996, although the total
was smaller (33.1 million pounds) in 1995. The
plumbing fixture fittings and trim industry (SIC
code 3432) reported the third-largest increase,
from 1.6 million pounds to 8.9 million pounds.
The primary component of all three industries'
increases was on-site recycling.

On-site waste management data for 1994-1996
appear in Table 12-15.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

The metal cans industry (SIC code 3411) ranked
first for decreases in transfers off-site for further
waste management from 1994 to 1996 (data for
 some types of off-site transfers were not collected
 in 1988). This industry reported 16.5 million
pounds in 1994 and 10.8 million pounds in 1996.
 Miscellaneous fabricated metal products (SIC
 code 3499) ranked second, decreasing from 17.8
 million pounds to 12.4 million pounds. The
 multiple-codes group ranked third, reporting 52.7
 million pounds in 1994 and 48.7 million pounds
 in  1996. For both the miscellaneous fabricated
 metal products industry and the multiple-codes
 group, the 1995 levels were higher (18.2 million
 pounds and 68.7 million pounds, respectively). In
 all three industry groups, transfers to recycling
 accounted for the majority of the reduction.
                                                                                             435
-------
            Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
 Table 12-14. TR| On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996
On-site Releases
SIC
Code Industry

3411 Metal Cans



3412 Metal Barrels, Drums, & Pails



3421 Cutlery



3423 Hand & Edge Tools, nee*



3425 Saw Blades & Handsaws



3429 Hardware, ncc*



3431 Metal Sanitary Ware



3432 Plumbing Fixture Fittings & Trim



3433 Heating Equipment, Except Electric



3441 Fabricated Structural Metal



3442 Metal Doors, Sash, &. Trim



Year

96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds
23,314,059
27,235,626
28,822,995
36,052,557
2,231,300
2,327,732
3,164,033
4,927,647
681,224
709,197
681,687
1,268,381
362,004
386,140
686,059
1,240,196
1,283
66,513
67,507
590,018
1,216,840
1,211,840
979,696
3,406,366
52,095
113,619
49,818
225,080
68,429
74,700
214,313
961,953
328,585
440,053
449,233
413,631
1,587,099
1,534,345
1,347,934
3,198,102
1,962,929
2,119,315
2,290,999
3,286,382
Pounds
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
5
5
0
0
280
267
255
92
0
0
0
0
1,509
1,258
897
4,187
10
260
275
75
1,592
153.
617
330
11
10
5
250
2,299
573
22
500
0
0
0
380
Pounds
7
9
8
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
563
667
1,117
52,780
0
0
0
0
0
0
760
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
19
0
0
80,500
6,252
12,594
10,310
150,355
250
1,342
1,706
220
20
0
10
1,538
0
0
0
0
0
750
0
9,050
2,555
5,692
35
0
750
0
5,710
0
5
5
0
0
93,326
83,333
29,914
1,000
762
368
255
2,480
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
23,314,090
27,235,635
28,823,003
36,133,557
2,237,552
2,340,326
3,174,343
5,078,252
681,479
710,544
683,393
1,268,601
362,304
386,407
686,324
1,241,826
1,283
66,513
67,507
590,018
1,218,912
1,214,515
981,710
3,472,383
54,660
119,571
50,128
225,155
70,771
74,853
221,400
962,283
328,601
440,068
449,238
413,881
1,682,724
1,618,251
1,377,870
3,199,602
1,963,691
2,119,683
2,291,254
3,289,242
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
59,341
55,474
21,637
1,465,777
0
36,413
54,162
150,608
83,229
70,289
86,430
34,190
43,042
44,518
39,977
115,729
7,134
112,197
70,805
50,870
472,142
334,249
374,619
3,477,744
127,650
12,521
488,437
221,054
69,729
106,256
136,866
1,289,305
2,009
2,697
2,158
23,643
85,658
137,913
110,175
148,727
0
0
500
78,958

Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
23,373,431
27,291,109
28,844,640
37,599,334
2,237,552
2,376,739
3,228,505
5,228,860
764,708
780,833
769,823
1,302,791
405,346
430,925
726,301
1,357,555
8,417
178,710
138,312
640,888
1,691,054
1,548,764
1,356,329
6,950,127
182,310
132,092
538,565
446,209
140,500
181,109
358,266
2,251,588
330,610 '
442,765
451,396
437,524
1,768,382
1,756,164
1,488,045
3,348,329
1,963,691
2,119,683
2,291,754
3,368,200
7 dMt SIC^S^rm^r 5 °f ^R "? ?fff ^,Releases from Section 6 <*"»&« °ff-*te to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
iKUgit Mt cooe within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category
*n«: not elsewhere classified.
436
-------
                                                          Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Table 12-14.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code
34, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3443



3444



3446



3448



3449



3451



3452



3462



3463



3465



3466



Industry
Fabricated Plate Work (Boiler Shops)



Sheet Metal Work



Architectural Metal Work



Prefabricated Metal Buildings



Miscellaneous Metal Work



Screw Machine Products



Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, & Washers



Iron & Steel Forgings



Nonferrous Forgings



Automotive Stampings



Crowns & Closures



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
1,402,578
1,761,970
2,511,766
2,907,676
1,543,976
1,810,836
1,621,423
1,120,077
228,778
315,063
351,559
597,439
829,116
1,590,039
1,902,360
1;855,897
404,509
643,019
591,795
970,422
422,323
504,571
782,309
1,273,027
363,972
413,085
456,698
1,817,464
84,311
206,201
181,425
237,452
71,109
72,970
90,705
171,431
272,034
323,889
333,691
864,388
2,706
1,122
1,392
19,766
4
0
0
0
86
250
250
250
5
5
10
250
0
0
0
52,800
520
20
15
0
83
80
225
3,052
3,038
2,798
2,818
502
6
10
306
25,963
84
10
10
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
16,787
7,049
5,516
3,036
3,727
5,280
6,375
250
0
130,000
142,200
0
14,600
9,435
0
250
0
0
0
1,250
510
10
28
500
0
250
250
79,567
27,055
27,238
26,160
47,000
15
10
10
0
1,290
15
10
9,846
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
1,422,071
1,770,141
2,518,674
2,930,478
1,547,707
1,816,116
1,627,798
1,120,327
228,864
445,313
494,009
597,689
843,721
1,599,479
1,902,370
1,856,397
404,509
643,019
591,795
1,024,472
423,353
504,601
782,352
1,273,527
364,055
413,415
457,173
1,900,083
114,404
236,237
210,403
284,954
71,130
72,990
91,021
197,394
273,408
323,914
333,711
874,484
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
92,391
262,628
337,399
255,416
52,417
3,565
37,657
33,635
108,861
5,988
4,610
10,347
85,173
143,732
199,813
49,540
270
15
775
27,370
5,259
12,640
16,052
531,581
81,970
79,125
229,284
257,259
1,086,282
1,189,045
912,635
2,030,355
44,077
96,804
88,324
81,689
15,616
14,487
38,723
43,193
1,514,462
2,032,769
2,856,073
3,185,894
1,600,124
1,819,681
1,665,455
1,153,962
337,725
451,301
498,619
608,036
928,894
1,743,211
2,102,183
1,905,937
404,779
643,034
592,570
1,051,842
428,612
517,241
798,404
1,805,108
446,025
492,540
686,457
2,157,342
1,200,686
1,425,282
1,123,038
2,315,309
115,207
169,794
179,345
, 279,083
289,024
338,401
372,434
917,677
No reports received
750
65,405
995,065
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
729
0
750
66,134
995,065
0
0
12,540
750
66,134
1,007,605
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                     437
-------
             Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Table 12-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Fabricated Metals, SIC Code
34, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3469



3471



3479



3482



3483



3484



3489



3491



3492



3493



3494



Industry Year
Metal Stampings, nee*



Plating & Polishing



Metal Coating & Allied Services



Small Anns Ammunition



Ammunition, Exc. For Small Arms, nee*



Small Arms



Ordnance & Accessories, nee*



Industrial Valves



Fluid Power Valves & Hose Fittings



Steel Springs, Except Wire



Valves & Pipe Fittings, nee*



96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
2,368,960
2,789,488
2,939,896
3,972,651
3,505,835
4,027,353
4,682,848
8,439,292
8,112,310
11,146,061
11,541,567
6,750,966
91,505
83,343
124,505
258,100
55,664
94,205
225,979
716,938
44,199
30,232
68,729
223,521
78,299
153,347
207,055
1,530,020
397,154
461,766
429,057
13,616
42,041
113,624
85,335
357,384
77,500
31,680
29,124
149,997
246,080
445,073
379,483
2,229,920
1,344
433
1,326
543
6,018
6,661
7,499
377,114
26,418
32,497
11,397
2,623
15,339
34,855
24,382
1,752
0
0
197
1,500
5
0
0
154
7
22
318
950
271
273
22
0
0
0
0
6
4
500
500
0
657
1,079
1,074
2,262
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
919
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
697
273
280
500
184,318
4,625
33,919
3,048,609
30,492
12,892
15,966
57,609
0
42
1,288
38,410
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,526
18,600
260
505
0
374
0
0
0
0
0
500
500
0
28,387
16,597
31,795
18,905
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
2,371,001
2,790,194
2,941,502
3,973,694
3,696,171
4,038,639
4,724,266
11,865,934
8,169,220
11,191,450
11,568,930
6,811,198
106,844
118,240
150,175
298,262
55,664
94,205
226,176
718,688
44,204
30,232
68,729
223,675
78,306
153,369
219,899
1,549,570
397,685
462,544
429,079
13,990
42,041
113,624
85,335
357,384
77,504
32,680
30,124
149,997
275,124
462,749
412,352
2,251,087
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
214,646
247,892
301,171
662,686
2,707,044
3,207,460
3.559,529
5,601,634
3,059,720
2,679,565
2,963,148
5,118,560
222,280
84,007
114,325
412,168
0
0
1,190
70,661
39,319
38,209
30,985
44,015
66
18
24,625
10,327
19,568
16,954
10,214
114,300
5,805
8,059
8,291
4,160
4,968
5,570
6,432
83,324
63,222
60,126
54,039
1,118,995
2,585,647
3,038,086
3,242,673
4,636,380
6,403,215
7,246,099
8,283,795
17,467,568
11,228,940
13,871,015
14,532,078
11,929,758
329,124
202,247
264,500
710,430
55,664
94,205
227,366
789,349
83,523
68,441
99,714
267,690
78,372
153,387
244,524
1,559,897
417,253
479,498
439,293
128,290
47,846
121,683
93,626
361,544
82,472
38,250
36,556
233,321
338,346
522,875
466,391
3,370,082
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 438
-------
                                                         Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Table 12-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Fabricated Metals, SIC Code
34, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code Industry
3495 Wire Springs


3496 Misc. Fabricated Wire Products


3497 Metal Foil & Leaf


3498 Fabricated Pipe & Fittings


3499 Fabricated Metal Products, nee*


Multiple within SIC Code 34


Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 34


Total for SIC Code 34


Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
12,602
26,772
106,676
118,327
846,804
1,172,130
1,283,568
2,747,779
358,873
532,665
481,614
1,246,449
632,902
625,758
786,877
895,559
5,329,824
5,989,579
6,554,956
13,588,763
4,286,514
5,207,361
6,737,816
10,574,515
1,588,217
1,597,955
1,943,309
3,432,687
65,503,836
78,389,865
86,251,804
125,627,135
0
0
0
0
4,093
719
1,692
11,345
550
1,732
1,048
421
4,045
5,081
8,526
30
2,411
2,150
2,721
82,133
5,694
7,308
5,265
10,985
169
30
35
32,730
79,268
100,161
73,099
633,439
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100,000
570
681
1,885
154,199
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
0
434
524
250
59,491
66,300
0
0
0
97,784
253,208
220,192
25,020
16,559
18,480
18,706
72,521
134,907
40,604
48,591
252,669
0
250
10,149
11,475
728,061
631,871
623,380
3,991,275
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
12,602
26,772
106,676
118,327
851,331
1,173,373
1,285,510
2,818,615
425,723
534,397
482,662
1,246,870
734,731
884,052
1,015,595
920,609
5,348,794
6,010,209
6,576,383
13,743,417
4,427,115
5,255,273
6,791,672
10,838,169
1,588,386
1,598,235
1,953,493
3,576,892
66,311,735
79,122,578
86,950,168
130,406,048
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
12,372
12,853
19,180
1,726
699,516
163,763
181,894
1,315,814
40,523
41,434
38,802
42,391
95,250
83,997
10,417
52,527
257,456
417,962
309,456
1,276,892
1,284,358
1,456,899
1,643,991
3,146,626
50,435
73,039
93,161
497,375
11,298,798
11,318,363
12,621,888
29,963,711
24,974
39,625
125,856
120,053
1,550,847
1,337,136
1,467,404
4,134,429
466,246
575,831
521,464
1,289,261
829,981
968,049
1,026,012
973,136
5,606,250
6,428,171
6,885,839
15,020,309
5,711,473
6,712,172
8,435,663
13,984,795
1,638,821
1,671,274
2,046,654
4,074,267
77,610,533
90,440,941
99,572,056
160,369,759
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                      439
-------
              Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
 Table 12-15.  TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Fabricated Metals,
 SIC Code 34
SIC
Code
3411



3412



3421



3423



3425



3429



3431



3432



3433



3441



3442



Industry
Metal Cans



Metal Barrels, Drums, & Pails



Cutlciy



Hand & Edge Tools, nee*



Saw Blades & Handsaws



Hardware, ncc*



Metal Sanitary Ware



Plumbing Fixture Fittings & Trim



Heating Equipment, Except Electric



Fabricated Structural Metal



Metal Doors, Sash, & Trim



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
258,637
293,875
307,740
NA
87,895
201,708
220,659
NA
46,457,548
64,387,100
110,554,000
NA
403
2,476
10,055
NA
0
528
528
NA
6,289,366
6,967,251
7,147,007
NA
942,805
1,981,600
2,740,000
NA
8,769,918
2,078,221
1,338,720
NA
2,464
2,950
2,810
NA
64,522
123,310
300,500
NA
36,070
79,391
71,383
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
6,163,803
4,889,951
3,864,648
NA
1,247,496
1,445,459
1,713,714
NA
0
0
1,365,532
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
29,981
53,624
51,389
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
22,829,437
20,608,164
23,299,886
NA
312,318
883,816
1,536,250
NA
0
0
8,000
NA
785,907
190,000
101,805
NA
0 '
4,530
3,750
NA
515,788
501,789
792,431
NA
43,000
47,000
51,000
NA
125,655
164,023
233,084
NA
0
0
0
NA
31,811
6,289
47,209
NA
28,368
67,286
360,069
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
29,251,877
25,791,990
27,472,274
NA
1,647,709
2,530,983
3,470,623
NA
46,457,548
64,387,100
111,927,532
NA
786,310
192,476
111,860
NA
0
5,058
4,278
NA
6,835,135
7,522,664
7,990,827
NA
985,805
2,028,600
2,791,000
NA
8,895,573
2,242,244
1,571,804
NA
2,464
2,950
2,810
NA
96,333
129,599
347,709
NA
64,438
146,677
431,452
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility
reported incorrectly in SIC code 3999 for 1996.  The facility should have reported in SIC code 3499. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows:  3,209,200
pounds of recycling on-site, 573 pounds of treatment on-site and 3,209,773 pounds of other on-site waste management.
*ncc: no* elsewhere classified.
 440
-------
                                                           Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Table 12-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Fabricated Metals,
SIC Code 34, Continued
SIC
Code
3443



3444



3446



3448



3449



3451



3452



3462


3463


3465



3466



Industry
Fabricated Plate Work (Boiler Shops)



Sheet Metal Work



Architectural Metal Work



Prefabricated Metal Buildings



Miscellaneous Metal Work



Screw Machine Products



Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, & Washers



Iron & Steel Forgings


Nonferrous Forgings


Automotive Stampings



Crowns & Closures



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
5,105
9,550
6,675
NA
68,155
45,416
476,356
NA
14,168
48,884
29,252
NA
6,208,600
6,200,400
6,207,800
NA
168,070
0
0
NA
135,700
224,446
188,722
NA
28,450
35,450
28,185
NA
1,806,295
1,795,000
616,000
NA
12,789,900
66,800
76,577
NA
16,848
33,715
27,381
NA
No reports received
0
52,830
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
335,100
359,166
263,720
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
94,003
0
81,829
NA
2,100,000
0
0
NA
0
0
10,330
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA

0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
1,410,471
1,535,500
1,298,050
NA
482,190
578,798
850,990
NA
136,136
187,832
169,613
NA
252,118
256,116
266,377
NA
123,262
72,562
78,117
NA
197,222
363,976
303,488
NA
677,436
509,945
543,423
NA
116,304
172,047
91,791
NA
66,464
150,377
206,160
NA
224,856
235,800
170,431
NA

0
0
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
1,415,576
1,545,050
1,304,725
NA
885,445
983,380
1,591,066
NA
150,304
236,716
198,865
NA
6,460,718
6,456,516
6,474,177
NA
291,332
72,562
78,117
NA
426,925
588,422
574,039
NA
2,805,886
545,395
571,608
NA
1,922,599
1,967,047
718,121
NA
12,856,364
217,177
282,737
NA
241,704
269,515 '
197,812
NA

0
52,830
' NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility
reported incorrectly in SIC code 3999 for 1996.  The facility should have reported in SIC code 3499. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 3,209,200
pounds of recycling on-site, 573 pounds of treatment on-site and 3,209,773 pounds of other on-site waste management.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                        441
-------
              Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
 Table 12-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Fabricated Metals,
 SIC Code 34, Continued
SIC
Code
3469



3471



3479



3482



3483



3484



3489



349J



3492



3493



3494



Industry
Metal Stampings, nee*



Fluting & Polishing



Metal Coating & Allied Services



Small Anns Ammunition



Ammunition, Exc. For Small Arms, nee*



Small Aims



Ordnance & Accessories, nee*



Industrial Valves



Fluid Power Valves & Hose Fittings



Steel Springs, Except Wire



Valves & Pipe Fittings, nee*



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
993,999
1,091,295
1,795,266
NA
19,810,694
8,629,140
9,868,600
NA
645,002
663,769
1,070,017
NA
500
500
500
NA
0
0
3,025
NA
0
3,566
0
NA
1,000
5,300
13,555
NA
7,980
6,680
6,280
NA
600
600
600
NA
0
0
0
NA
14,223,712
13,565,186
8,632,474
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
2,091
2,372
522
NA
13,266
14,792
0
NA
9,999,980
8,988,691
9,874,535
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
1,000
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
665,833
446,501
728,054
NA
24,979,119
24,437,215
26,173,498
NA
20,495,570
26,845,295
28,172,972
NA
409,152
501,520
622,525
NA
0
0
0
NA
12,896
30,397
20,031
NA
17,500
20,000
45,870
NA
50,000
6
20,008
NA
7,900
3,671
2,070
NA
0
0
0
NA
45,367
76,315
68,233
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
1,661,923
1,540,168
2,523,842
NA
44,803,079
33,081,147
36,042,098
NA
31,140,552
36,497,755
39,117,524
NA
409,652
502,020
623,025
NA
0
0
3,025
NA
12,896
33,963
20,031
NA
18,500
25,300
59,425
NA
57,980
6,686
26,288
NA
8,500
4,271
2,670
NA
0
0
0
NA
14,269,079
13,641,501
8,701,707
NA
Note: Dtti from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility
reported incorrectly in SIC code 3999 for 1996. The facility should have reported in SIC code 3499. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 3,209,200
pounds of recycling on-site, 573 pounds of treatment on-site and 3,209,773 pounds of other on-site waste management.
*n«c: not elsewhere classified.
 442
-------
                                                           Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Table 12-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Fabricated Metals,
SIC Code 34, Continued
                                                                                                               fill
SIC
Code Industry
3495 Wire Springs



3496 Misc. Fabricated Wire Products



3497 Metal Foil & Leaf



3498 Fabricated Pipe & Fittings



3499 Fabricated Metal Products, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 34



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 34



Total for SIC Code 34



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
25,000
25,000
37,600
NA
283,909
732
20,636
NA
539,848
428.107
186,926
NA
8,000
67,710
22,710
NA
2,211,011
2,452,031
61,910,007
NA
23,284,902
25,062,439
44,181,211
NA
33,476
224,367
387,592
NA
146,220,552
136,804,493
258,540,179
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
1,363,000
1,258,948
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
770
145,796
NA
522,460
1,960,808
1,801,172
NA
468,800
273,404
293,900
NA
20,976,980
19,352,037
20,727,035
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
300,921
295,209
503,818
NA
4,518,981
3,678,721
3,875,782
NA
194,025
168,053
83,068
NA
1,945,324
2,141,963
2,688,407
NA
6,090,065
4,412,996
4,829,329
NA
'^963,799
813,476
637,289
NA
89,055,195
90,407,188
98,882,878
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
25,000
25,000
37,600
NA
584,830
295,941
524,454
NA
5,058,829
5,469,828
5,321,656
NA
202,025
235,763
105,778
NA
4,156,335
4,594,764
64,744,210
NA
29,897,427
31,436,243
50,811,712
NA
1,466,075
1,311,247
1,318,781
NA
256,252,727
246,563,718
378,150,092
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility
reported incorrecdy in SIC code 3999 for 1996.  The facility should have reported in SIC code 3499. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 3,209,200
pounds of recycling on-site, 573 pounds of treatment on-site and 3,209,773 pounds of other on-site waste management.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                        443
-------
          Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
 The plumbing fixture fittings and trim industry
 (SIC code 3432) reported the sector's largest
 increase for 1994 to 1996. This industry reported
 an increase from 26.7 million pounds to 41.5
 million pounds. The miscellaneous metal
 stampings industry (SIC code 3469) reported 24.9
 million pounds in 1994 and 31.3 million pounds
 in 1996, the second-largest increase. Ranking
 third, the screw machine products industry (SIC
 code 3451) reported an increase from 12.1 million
 pounds to 17.8 million pounds. In all three
 Industries, the increases were principally
 attributable to transfers to recycling.

 Table 12-16 presents data for the fabricated
 metals sector's reporting of transfers off-site for
 further waste management from 1988 to 1996.

 Facilities with Lame Increases and
 Decreases in Releases. 1988-1996

 Metal Container Corporation in New Windsor,
 New York (SIC code 3411), ranked first in
 increases of releases with 808,000 pounds. A
 manufacturer of aluminum can bodies (for end use
 by beer and soft drink producers), this facility
 reported a 455,000 pound increase in air
 emissions of glycol ethers between 1988 and 1996
 (56% of the overall change). The chemical is a
 solvent in the coatings used to decorate and
 protect the cans, according to the facility contact.
 The solvent is emitted to the air when the coated
 cans are dried in curing ovens. The facility contact
 attributed the facility's ranking to lower
 production in 1988. The facility was built in 1988
 and did not reach full production by the end of the
 reporting year. The contact also stated that the
 facility plans, this year, to install control
 equipment that will reduce future air emissions by
 over 40%.

 Metal Impact Corporation in Rosemont, Illinois
 (did not report in 1988, SIC code 3499 in 1996),
 was second in  increases with 636,000 pounds.
 Because the facility did not report in 1988, the
 increase is equal to total releases reported in 1996.
 Air emissions of tetrachloroethylene accounted
 for 99.9% of the 1996 releases. The facility
 contact chose not to comment on the chemical's
 usage or the reason for the increase.

 U.S. Can Company in Weirton, West Virginia
 (SIC code 3411), ranked third with an overall
 increase of 581,000 pounds. The metal sheet
 coating and printing facility uses glycol ethers as
 a wash-up solvent and as a constituent of the
 coatings and varnishes applied to metal  sheets.
 The facility contact stated that these solvents,
 coatings, and varnishes are purchased from
 outside suppliers. Reported air emissions of the
 chemical accounted for 71% of the facility's
 increase. Two reasons were given for the increase:
 coating and varnish consumption has increased
 and the facility switched to butyl cellosolve, a
 glycol ether, as its primary wash-up solvent.

 Plateco, Inc., in Reedsburg, Wisconsin (SIC code
 3471 in 1988, did not report in 1996), was first in
 decreases of releases with 4.0 million pounds. The
 facility is a zinc-plating job shop. Metal fasteners
 for the automotive industry are among Plateco's
 primary products. Releases of chromium
 compounds totaled 1.5 million pounds in 1988.
 The facility did not submit a Form R in 1995 or
 1996. No information was provided by the facility
 before the deadline for this publication.

 Double Eagle Steel Coating Company in
 Dearborn, Michigan (SIC code 3479), ranked
 second in decreases with 2.9 million pounds. A
 manufacturer of electrogalvanized steel
 automotive body parts, the facility reported no
 releases of zinc compounds in 1996, accounting
 for nearly 100% of the decrease. Zinc is  the
primary constituent of the coating used in the
metal galvanization process. Excess zinc
compounds were formerly transferred off-site for
disposal but are now purified and sold as a
product to a battery manufacturer, according to
the facility contact.
444
-------
                                                           Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Table 12-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34
SIC
Code
3411



3412



3421



3423



3425



3429



3431



3432



3433



3441



Industry
Metal Cans



Metal Barrels, Drums, & Pails



Cutlery



Hand & Edge Tools, nee*



Saw Blades & Handsaws



Hardware, nee*



Metal Sanitary Ware



Plumbing fixture Fittings & Trim



Heating Equipment, Except Electric



Fabricated Structural Metal



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
6,045,016
11,521,736
11,935,395
NA
181,164
102,989
140,621
NA
415,202
280,749
402,856
NA
590,467
274,081
686,609
NA
119,133
327,713
358,113
NA
9,533,569
6,744,170
6,643,029
NA
358,251
359,829
638,894
NA
41,274,389
32,062,748
26,344,433
NA
524,113
763,284
779,515
NA
7,105,567
902,918
1,792,731
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
4,434,501
4,171,986
4,389,916
NA
979,125
1,143,273
1,332,243
NA
0
0
1,638
NA
3,220
5,047
9,334
NA
0
0
0
NA
7,370
7,034
10,076
NA
0
9,779
5,595
NA
5,949
0
2,460
NA
147,482
110,324
155,720
NA
282,509
125,160
175,457
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
300,786
110,661
136,549
1,755,052
19,549
247,185
104,655
1,353,410
10,818
9,375
5,394
6,040
67,074
109,287
99,899
173,253
1,018
6
250
35,583
121,996
150,720
143,052
508,572
52,941
181,137
72,838
20
165,735
166,514
321,396
111,477
14,284
22,718
23,651
16,008
99,094
88,015
46,463
111,335
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
1,982
8,010
3,798
218,686
10
3,806
4,296
7,200
284
1,226
2,059
0
1,917
1,927
3,698
4,160
13
4,598
3,811
2,831
22,763
17,662
12,441
368,953
22
3,817
28
1,004
7,167
4,279
8,533
12,631
774
530
285
764
29,297
25,850
4,040
83,704
Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
13,800
0
0
8,113
0
0
0
260,375
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27,788
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
49,639
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
3,250
0
0
0
300,000
0
0
0
803
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
10,796,085
15,812,393
16,465,658
NA
1,179,848
1,497,253
1,581,815
NA
426,304
291,350
411,947
NA
662,678
390,342
799,540
NA
120,164
332,311
362,174
NA
9,685,698
6,919,586
6,808,598
NA
411,214
554,562
717,355
NA
41,453,245
32,233,541
26,676,822
NA
686,653
896,856
959,171
NA
7,516,467
1,141,943
2,018,691
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                      445
-------
             Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Table 12-16.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34, Continued
SIC
Code
3442



3443



3444



3446



3448



3449



3451



3452



3462



3463



Industry
Metal Doors, Sash, & Trim



Fabricated Plate Work (Boiler Shops)



Sheet Metal Work



Architectural Metal Work



Prefabricated Metal Buildings



Miscellaneous Metal Work



Screw Machine Products


I
Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, & Washers



Iron & Steel Forgings



Nonferrous Forgings



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
110,123
89,833
85,456
NA
4,515,842
3,980,552
4,541,085
NA
791,565
1,455,902
1,667,157
NA
384,716
342,728
362,961
NA
126,109
79,152
107,191
NA
221,576
180,118
194,963
NA
17,710,495
13,495,796
11,917,443
NA
740,302
747,803
812,175
NA
15,728,051
19,336,512
13,714,985
NA
1,628,596
1,624,444
2,669,772
NA
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
271,698
202,873
205,524
NA
43,886
71,703
76,517
. NA
76,117
61,362
52,333
NA
2,177
67,081
71,406
NA
21,152
64,044
79,055
NA
7,832
57,081
24,532
NA
17,194
91,953
48,614
NA
19,047
15,333
7,578
NA
22,785
748
10,777
NA
459
968
0
NA
45,742
42,620
31,696
221,494
151,680
212,642
173,431
27,740
97,337
235,020
245,438
283,452
35,475
0
15
49,040
12,866
16,022
6,699
50,645
3,900
1,100
0
83,407
64,610
19,230
86,560
267,130
31,498
34,852
77,521
479,683
129,873
121,616
99,528
62,223
331,012
215,188
24,178
514,250
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
320
290
10,048
3,377
37,751
14,497
55,742
135,575
78,683
69,530
32,867
11,590
15
0
15
3,925
755
255
10
500
6
47,980
44,373
250
1,199
903
843
16,877
2,693
3,366
3,766
55,142
13,575
20,638
16,827
102,954
1,747
3,815
1,527
188,746
0
0
250
0
31,482
0
90,287
5
5
0
500
30,085
0
0
0
78,750
250
0
0
1,500
0
0
0
0
0
0
55,128
17,781
0
0
33,155
4,358
0
0
3,430
0
0
0
0
0
427,883
335,616
332,974
NA
4,780,641
4,279,394
4,937,062
NA
1,043,707
1,821,814
1,998,295
NA
422,383
409,809
434,397
NA
161,132
159,473
192,955
NA
233,314
286,279
263,868
NA
17,793,498
13,607,882
12,108,588
NA
793,540
801,354
934,195
NA
15,894,284
19,479,514
13,845,547
NA
1,961,814
1,844,415
2,695,477
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Farther Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*n«c: not elsewhere classified.
 446
-------
                                                          Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Table 12-16.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34, Continued
SIC
Code
3465



3466



3469



3471



3479



3482



3483



3484



3489



3491



Industry Year
Automotive Stampings



Crowns & Closures



Metal Stampings, nee*



Plating & Polishing



Metal Coating & Allied Services



Small Arms Ammunition



Ammunition, Exc. For Small Arms, nee*



Small Arms



Ordnance & Accessories, nee*



Industrial Valves



96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy
to Recycling Recovery
Pounds Pounds
10,743,633
9,899,277
9,568,013
NA
No reports received
0
0
NA
30,736,747
26,786,427
24,340,949
NA
17,633,721
14,008,357
17,596,775
NA
21,889,673
27,661,672
25,217,167
NA
7,068,030
7,921,453
10,957,260
NA
234,205
245,500
209,797
NA
408,092
153,947
91,164
NA
80,100
142,984
241,750
NA
3,854,842
4,908,065
5,274,399
NA
62,147
71,123
89,425
NA

0
37,100
NA
301,491
291,442
187,745
NA
418,158
640,711
572,808
NA
4,300,916
4,626,145
4,543,399
NA
10,176
4,241
10,649
NA
1,095
0
25,981
NA
12,279
15,007
14,877
NA
200
550
1,720
NA
1,001
282
133
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
49,906
122,533
53,079
204,730

0
27,750
38,390
189,218
152,540
235,176
467,019
4,385,981
2,695,609
2,575,412
2,325,740
1,633,099
1,530,203
2,079,082
3,098,204
82,660
51,811
114,740
1,945
1,205
3,505
514
84,049
39,496
28,650
25,905
102,557
5,630
17,946
21,200
106,420
2,525
3,520
1,796"
0
Transfers
to POT Ws
Pounds
33,612
25,087
5,834
48,897

0
0
500
91,182
110,697
114,160
1,004,872
222,678
205,735
211,741
1,928,136
1,464,948
1,015,950
508,995
460,521
3,263
2,787
3,768
9,750
0
0
130
750
119
10
5
142
73
34
36
25,444
8,355
6,031
13,863
0
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Off-site Further Waste
Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
264,200

0
0
0
5,452
0
0
1
250
21,990
1,250
381,261
0
77,750
0
566,805
0
0
0
52,000
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
2,500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
59,978
10,889,298
10,118,020
9,716,351
NA

0
64,850
NA
31,324,090
27,341,106
24,878,030
NA
22,660,788
17,572,402
20,957,986
NA
29,288,636
34,911,720
32,348,643
NA
7,164,129
7,980,292
11,086,417
NA
236,505
249,005
236,422
NA
459,986
197,614
131,951
NA
86,003
161,514
264,706
NA
3,866,723
4,917,898
5,290,191
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                     447
-------
             Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
 Table 12-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
 Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34, Continued
SIC
Code
3492



3493



3494



3495



3496



3497



3493



3499















Industry
Fluid Power Valves & Hose Fittings



Steel Springs, Except Wire



Valves & Pipe Fittings, nee*



Wire Springs



Misc. Fabricated Wire Products



Metal Foil & Leaf



Fabricated Pipe & Fittings



Fabricated Metal Products, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 34



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 34



Total for SIC Code 34



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
2,588,247
3,378,959
3,053,272 ,
NA
39,687
39,055
106,764
NA
23,507,538
24,480,591
19,096,723
NA
34,287
24,074
30,869
NA
4,433,511
4,793,620
4,131,061
NA
6,902,837
7,942,154
9,141,279
NA
3,562,584
2,696,403
3,260,904
NA
11,315,170
16,827,327
16,280,483
NA
47,216,141
66,928,862
50,830,296
NA
1,727,460
1,650,058
1,547,092
NA
302,080,751
315,161,842
286,771,401
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
6,702
6,297
6,550
NA
0
0
0
NA
8,683
3,726
9,059
NA
5,337
7,176
0
NA
17,829
17,355
17,489
NA
855,826
936,568
712,113
NA
255
10,115
2,310
NA
252,790
611,273
477,411
NA
608,809
746,374
786,297
NA
327,042
113,462
36,549
NA
13,533,239
14,307,596
14,190,390
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
1,143
15,624
19,612
250
0
0
3,000
5,300
69,197
97,631
88,116
82,874
0
5,296
3,312
500
493,284
399,396
203,650
430,851
461,935
378,345
289,894
949,999
68,744
386,748
328,539
180,611
723,652
614,381
700,151
1,454,680
666,815
795,924
780,940
2,041,925
229,988
11,013
25,813
712,357
10,861,766
9,294,577
9,276,894
18,398,215
Transfers
toPOTWs
Pounds
24,906
13,188
13,357
615
0
0
0
1,500
2,122
1,826
3,551
10,259
25
25
25
2,099
15,446
11,311
14,636
27,657
3,625
0
0
1,418
564
1,386
16,740
12,248
136,393
168,817
308,928
280,606
178,826
199,099
277,427
187,742
357
567
69,342
355,543
2,387,467
1,995,529
1,771,545
5,577,568
Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
453,434
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,000
17,400
0
0
2,310
0
0
0
2,056
0
516
0
2,691,269
2,900
0
1,370
264,096
0
0
0
39,626
71,544
100,256
185,370
5,563,733
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
2,620,998
3,414,068
3,092,791
NA
39,687
39,055
109,764
NA
23,587,540
24,583,774
19,197,449
NA
39,649
36,571
34,206
NA
4,960,070
5,221,682
4,366,836
NA
8,241,623
9,257,067
10,143,286
NA
3,632,147
3,094,652
3,608,493
NA
12,428,005
18,222,314
17,766,973
NA
48,673,491
68,670,259
52,676,330
NA
2,284,847
1,775,100
1,678,796
NA
328,934,767
340,859,800
312,195,600
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 34 are assigned to the "multiple" cat<
*nc« no! elsewhere classified.
category.
 448
-------
                                             Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc., in
Winchester, Virginia (SIC code 3411), was third
in decreases with 2.4 million pounds. Metal is cut
and coated to customer specifications at this plant.
Reported reductions in air emissions of xylene
(mixed isomers), a constituent of solvent-based
coatings and used as a wash-up solvent, accounted
for 76% of the facility's total decrease. Coating
processes were eliminated at the plant resulting in
a significant reduction in xylene usage.

1991-1996 Waste Management Data
for Fabricated Metals

Table 12-17 summarizes on- and off-site waste
management data for the fabricated metals sector
for 1991, when TRI began collecting this
information, and the three most recent years
(1994-1996). From 1991 to 1996, the sector
reported a 5.9%  increase in total production-
related waste, from 639.3 million pounds to 676.8
million pounds.

This 37.5 million-pound increase in total
production-related waste reflected a larger
increase in reporting of off-site recycling, partly
offset by sizable reductions in on-site recycling
and quantities released. The sector reported 233.2
million pounds of off-site recycling in 1991 and
318.6 million pounds in 1996, an increase of
36.6% or 85.4 million pounds. At the same time,
on-site recycling decreased 13.0%, from 168.0
million pounds to 146.2 million pounds (a 21.8
million-pound reduction), and quantities released
decreased 34.8%, from 118.4 million pounds to
77.2 million pounds (a 41.2 million-pound
reduction).

Other waste management types showed smaller
absolute changes. The sector reported increases in
on-site energy recovery (from 17.2 million pounds
to 21.0 million pounds), on-site treatment (from
76.5 million pounds to 89.1 million pounds), and
off-site energy recovery (from 12.9 million pounds
to 13.4 million pounds). These increases ranged
from 22.3% for on-site energy recovery to 3.9% for
off-site energy recovery. The sector reported a
13.1% decrease in off-site treatment (from 13.1
million pounds to 11.4 million pounds).

Figure 12-13 shows the percentage changes for
on- and off-site waste management types.

These changes indicate substantial improvement
in the fabricated metals sector's management of
TRI chemicals in waste over time. Specifically,
they show a shift from releases to recycling. The
proportion of total production-related waste
reported as releases decreased (from 18.5% in
1991 to 11.4% in 1996), while the proportion of
total production-related waste recycled on- and
off-site increased (from 62.8% to 68.7%). In
terms of the waste management hierarchy
(explained in Chapter 1), recycling is the most
desirable method for managing waste that cannot
be prevented, while releases are the least desirable
waste management option.

Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
in Waste Management, 1991-1996

American Safety Razor, Inc., in Verona, Virginia
(SIC code 3421), ranked first in increases of waste
managed with a 40.7 million-pound increase. A
manufacturer of products ranging from industrial
razor blades to surgical scalpels, the facility uses
trichloroethylene as a degreaser. Reported on-site
recycling of the  chemical accounted for 100% of
the increase. According to the facility contact, the
increase in on-site recycling was likely due to a
change in interpretation of how to report this
category.1
  There are no TRI regulatory definitions of recycling.
  Facilities may use their own interpretations for purposes
  of reporting to TRI. Changes in these interpretations do
  not represent a change in guidance by EPA on how to
  report recycling.
                                                                                            449
-------
              Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
 Table 12-17. TR1 Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996:  Fabricated Metals, SIC Code 34
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-s5te
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Wast? Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
1991
Pounds
168,024,776
17,153,824
76,466,086
261,644,686
233,163,866
12,944,794
13,103,332
259,211,992
118,413,991
639,270,669
908,811
Change
1994-1995
Percent
-47.1
-6.6
-8.6
-34.8
5.5
1.6
-2.9
5.0
-10.9
-15.7
97.1
1994
Pounds
258,540,179
20,727,035
98,882,878
378,150,092
298,902,616
14,307,407
11,540,713
324,750,736
100,079,501
802,980,329
94,112
Change
1995-1996
Percent
6.9
8.4
-1.5
3.9
1.0
-7.4
1.6
0.7
-13.4
0.0
-21.9
1995
Pounds
136,804,493
19,352,037
90,407,188
246,563,718
315,297,383
14,530,472
11,208,922
341,036,777
89,133,446
676,733,941
185,465
Change
1991-1996
Percent
-13.0
22.3
16.5
-2.1
36.6
3.9
-13.1
32.5
-34.8
5.9
-84.1
1996
Pounds
146,220,552
20,976,980
89,055,195
256,252,727
318,552,041
13,448,619
11,389,617
343,390,277
77,165,101
676,808,105
144,777







Note: Docs not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sumiric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
 450
-------
                                               Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
       Recycled   Energy   Treated
        On-site  Recovery   On-site
                On-site

         On-site Waste Management
Recycled    Energy   Treated           Quantity
 Off-site   Recovery   Off-site        Released On-
          Off-site                 and Off-site

   Off-site Waste Management
    Total
Production-
   related
   Waste
      Figure 12-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
                                  Fabricated Metals (SIC Code 34)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added hi 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of
Form R (Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.

Ilco Unican Corporation in Rocky Mount, North
Carolina (SIC codes 3429, 3469, 3471), was
second in increases with 12.3 million pounds.
Reported on- and off-site recycling of copper
compounds accounted for 79% of the increase. No
data were reported in either category in 1991. This
facility manufactures keys and produces brass on
site. Copper is a constituent of brass. The facility
contact stated that no recycling data were reported
for copper compounds in 1991 because the
recycling system had not yet been implemented.
 A. Y. MacDonald Manufacturing Company in
 Dubuque, Iowa (SIC code 3494), was the third
 ranking facility with an 11.7 million-pound
 increase. A manufacturer of brass castings, this
 facility provides service products for oil, water,
 and gas service industries. On- and off-site
 recycling of copper between 1991 and 1996
             increased a reported 11.0 million pounds (94% of
             the overall increase). Excess brass is remelted and
             recast at the plant. The facility contact stated that
             two reasons likely contributed to the increase: a
             change in interpretation of how to calculate
             recycling data2 and a production increase.

             Warner-Lambert Company in Milford,
             Connecticut (SIC code 3421), ranked first in
             decreases of waste managed with a 70.5 million-
             pound decrease. The facility, a razor blade
             manufacturer, replaced a solvent degreasing
               There are no TRI regulatory definitions of recycling.
               Facilities may use their own interpretations for purposes
               of reporting to TRI. Changes in these interpretations do
               not represent a change in guidance by EPA on how to
               report recycling.
                                                                                                 451
-------
           Chapter 12 — TRI Data for Fabricated Metals
  system with an aqueous cleaning process. The
  process substitution resulted in the elimination of
  trichloroethylene usage at the plant. In 1991,70.4
  million pounds of trichloroethylene were managed
  as waste.

  Double Eagle Steel Coating Company in
  Dearborn, Michigan (SIC code 3479), was second
  in decreases with 40.7 million pounds. The
  facility also ranked second in decreases of
  releases (see "Facilities with Large Increases and
  Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996"). The
  manufacturer of galvanized metal auto-body parts
  formerly sent zinc waste off-site for recycling.
  Prior to the 1996 reporting year, the facility began
  purifying zinc from waste and selling it as a
 product to a battery manufacturer. This process
 and a reporting interpretation change resulted in a
 40.6 million-pound decrease hi reported waste
 management of zinc compounds. No data were
 reported for zinc in 1996. Aeroquip Corporation
 in Van Wert, Ohio (SIC code 3429, 3471,3492),
 was third in decreases with 3.7 million pounds.
 The manufacturer of industrial connectors
 reported 2.2 million-pounds less off-site recycling
 of copper in 1996 than 1991. This accounted for
 61% of the overall change. The reason for the
 decrease was elimination of some products,
 according to the facility contact.

 Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
 Production-Related Waste, 1991-1996

 In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
 large apparent increases and decreases, which
 have been identified as reporting errors or plant
 closures. Because these are errors or plant
 closures and not actual changes in the data, these
 facilities are not discussed in detail here. There is
 one such facility in the metal finishing sector:

    Signet Systems, Inc., Harrodsburg, Kentucky,
    decrease of 43.9 million pounds, reported
    incorrect SIC code.
Facilities Contacted for Explanations
(alphabetical by facility):

   A. Y. MacDonald Manufacturing Company,
   Dubuque, Iowa: Jim Houtakker, October 15,
   1998 (explanation provided)

   Aeroquip Corporation, Van Wert, Ohio: Brian
   Delucenay, October 19, 1998 (explanation
   provided)

   American Safety Razor, Inc., Verona,
   Virginia: Thomas N. Gay, October 15, 1998
   (explanation provided)

   Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc.,
   Winchester, Virginia: Charles M. Heck,
   October 19, 1998 (explanation provided)
   Double Eagle Steel Coating Company,
   Dearborn, Michigan: Andrew Yaksic,
   September 29, 1998 (explanation provided)
   ECO Unican Corporation, Rocky Mount, North
   Carolina: Brian E. Wells, September 29, 1998
   (explanation provided)

   Metal Container Corporation, New Windsor,
   New York: Bob Lanham, October 22, 1998
   (explanation provided)

   Metal Impact Corporation, Rosemont, Illinois
   (no explanation provided)

   Plateco, Inc., Reedsburg, Wisconsin (no
   explanation provided)

   Signet Systems, Inc., Harrodsburgy Kentucky:
   Stephen J. Evans, September 4, 1998
   (explanation provided)

   U.S. Can Company, Weirton, West Virginia:
   Scott McCuen, September 29, 1998 and
   Nathan Sohocki, October 2, 1998 (explanation
   provided)

   Warner-Lambert Company, Milford,
   Connecticut: Scott Sutkowski, September 4,
   1998 (explanation provided)
452
-------
                                Chapter 13
              Toxics Release Inventory Data
       for Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)
A  Look at the  Industrial
and Commercial
Machinery and  Computer
Equipment Industry
(SIC Code 35)

The industrial machinery sector (SIC code 35)
manufactures machinery for agriculture,
construction, mining, and oil and gas extraction.
The sector produces industrial engines, as well as
elevators, escalators, conveyors, cranes, hoists, and
monorails. It also manufactures industrial trucks
and related equipment, such as forklifts. This sector
produces machinery and equipment for
metalworking, including machine tools, dies and
tools, and rolling mill machinery. Other products
include machinery for special industries such as
textile manufacture, woodworking, paper
production, printing, and food processing. General
industrial machinery manufactured in SIC code 35
includes pumps, compressors, high-speed drives
and gears, and furnaces and ovens. Other major
industry groups in this sector are computer and
office equipment, and refrigeration and service
industry machinery. Although computers are
classified in SIC code 35, electronic components
such as semiconductors and circuit boards are
classified in the electrical equipment sector (SIC
code 36).

Box 13-1 lists Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) codes and their designations for this sector.
In TRI, SIC codes are given as reported by the
facilities; these may differ from information in
economic and other data collections.

Shipments in the industrial machinery sector rose
from $353.34 billion in 1995 to $381.79 billion in
1996 (both in current dollars). Employment totaled
nearly 2.0 million in both years. Although the
sector experienced a sharp drop in production from
1989 to 1991, rapid recovery followed. By 1996,
industrial machinery production had increased
51.8% over 1989 levels, compared to an increase of
17.6% for all U.S. manufacturing. Only the
electrical equipment sector (SIC code 36) grew
faster (90.3%) during that period (see Chapter 1,
Table 1-10).

The computers and office equipment industry (SIC
code 357 at the three-digit level) shipped products
valued at $103.27 billion, more than one-fourth of
the sector's value of shipments in 1996. However,
this industry group contributed only one-eighth of
the sector's 1996 employment (259,000
employees). This industry group has provided
much of the sector's growth in the 1990s.
                                                                               453
-------
             Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery


Box 13-1. SIC Code 35, Industrial and Commercial Machinery and Computer Equipment: Codes and Classifications
 SIC Code
Industry Description
 351    Engines and Tubirtes

         3511  Stctni, Gas, and Hydraulic Turbines and Turbine
               Generator Set Units
         3519  Internal Combustion Engines, nee*


  352    Farm and Garden Machinery and Equipment

         3523  Farm Machinery and Equipment
         3524  Lawn and Garden Tractors and Home Lawn and
               Garden Equipment


  353    Construction, Mining, and Materials Handling
         Machinery and Equipment

         3531  Construction Machinery and Equipment
         3532  Mining Machinery and Equipment, Except Oil and
               Gas Held Machinery and Equipment

         3533  Oil and Gas Held Machinery and Equipment
         3534  Elevators and Moving Stairways

         3535  Conveyors and Conveying Equipment

         3536  Overhead Traveling Cranes, Hoists, and Monorails


         3537  Industrial Trucks, Tractors, Trailers, and Stackers



  354    Mctalworklng Machinery and Equipment
         3541  Machine Tools, Metal Cutting Types



         3542  Machine Tools, Metal Forming Types



         3543  Industrial Patterns

         3544  Special Dies and Tools, Die Sets, Jigs and Fixtures,
               and Industrial Molds
         3545  Cutting Tools, Machine Tool Accessories, and
               Machinists' Precision Measuring Devices
Manufacture of steam turbines, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines except aircraft, and
complete steam, gas, and hydraulic turbine generator sets. Manufacture of wind- and
solar-powered turbine generators and windmills for generating electric power.

Manufacture of miscellaneous diesel, semidiesel, or other internal combustion
engines for stationary, marine, traction, and other uses.
Manufacture of farm machinery and equipment, including wheel tractors, for use in
preparing and maintaining the soil, planting and harvesting crops, preparing crops for
market on the farm, or performing other farm operations. Manufacture of commercial
mowing equipment and equipment for other turf and grounds care.

Manufacture of lawnmowers, lawn and garden tractors, and other equipment used for
home lawn and garden care. Manufacture of snowblowers and throwers for residential
 Manufacture of heavy machinery and equipment of a type used primarily by the
 construction industries, such as bulldozers, concrete mixers, non-industrial type
 cranes, dredging machinery, pavers, and power shovels. Manufacture of forestry
 equipment. Manufacture of miscellaneous specialized equipment, similar to that used
 by construction industries, such as elevating platforms, ship cranes and capstans,
 aerial work platforms, and automobile wrecker hoists.
 Manufacture of heavy machinery and equipment used by mining industries, such as
 coal breakers, mine cars, mineral-cleaning machinery, concentration machinery, core
 drills, coal cutters, portable rock drills, and rock-crushing machinery.
 Manufacture of machinery and equipment for use in oil and gas fields or for drilling
 water wells, including portable drilling rigs. (Excludes manufacture of offshore oil
 and gas well drilling and production platforms.)

 Manufacture of passenger or freight elevators, automobile lifts, dumbwaiters, and
 moving stairways.

 Manufacture of conveyors and conveying equipment for installation in factories,
 warehouses, mines, and other industrial and commercial establishments.

 Manufacture of overhead traveling cranes, hoists, and monorail systems for
 installation in factories, warehouses, marinas, and other industrial and commercial
 establishments.
 Manufacture of industrial trucks, tractors, trailers, stackers (truck type), and related
 equipment used for handling materials on floors and paved surfaces in and around
 industrial and commercial plants, depots, docks, airports, and terminals.
Manufacture of metal-cutting type machine tools, not handheld, that shape metal by
cutting or use of electrical techniques. Rebuilding of such machine tools. Manufacture
of replacement parts for such machine tools.

Manufacture of metal-forming machine tools, not handheld, for pressing, hammering,
extruding, shearing, die-casting, or otherwise forming metal into shape. Rebuilding of
such machine tools. Manufacture of repair parts for such machine tools.

Manufacture of industrial patterns.

Manufacture, on a job or order basis, of special tools and fixtures for use with
machine tools, hammers, die-casting machines, and presses. (Known as contract tool
and die shops.) Includes production of a wide variety of special toolings, such as dies,
punches, die sets and components, jigs and fixtures, and special checking devices.

Manufacture of cutting tools, machinists' precision measuring tools, and
miscellaneous attachments and accessories for machine tools and for other
metalworking machinery.
*nec: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
454
-------
                                                                   Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine*
Box 13-1. SIC Code 35, Industrial and Commercial Machinery and Computer Equipment:  Codes and Classifications,
Continued
 SIC Code
Industry Description
         3546  Power-driven Handtools

         3547  Rolling Mill Machinery and Equipment

         3548  Electric and Gas Welding and Soldering Equipment

         3549  Metalwoifcing Machinery, nee*
 355    Special Industrial Machinery, Except Metalworking
         Machinery
         3552  Textile Machinery

         3553  Woodworking Machinery

         3554  Paper Industries Machinery
         3555  Printing Trades Machinery and Equipment
         3556  Food Products Machinery

         3559  Special Industry Machinery, nee*

 356    General Industrial Machinery and Equipment
         3561  Pumps and Pumping Equipment

         3562  Ball and Roller Bearings
         3563  Air and Gas Compressors

         3564  Industrial and Commercial Fans and Blowers and Air
               Purification Equipment

         3565  Packaging Machinery
         3566  Speed Changers, Industrial High-Speed Drives, and
               Gears
         3567  Industrial Process Furnaces and Ovens

         3568  Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment, nee*

         3569  General Industrial Machinery and Equipment, nee*

 357    Computer and Office Equipment
         3571  Electronic Computers
         3572  Computer Storage Devices

         3573  Computer Terminals
Manufacture of power-driven handtools, such as drills, pneumatic and snagging grinders,
and electric hammers.
Manufacture of rolling mill machinery and processing equipment for metal production,
such as cold forming mills, structural mills, and finishing equipment
Manufacture of electric and gas welding and soldering equipment and accessories.
Coating of welding wire.
Manufacture of miscellaneous metalworking machinery.
Manufacture of machinery for the textile industries, including parts, attachments, and
accessories.
Manufacture of machinery for sawmills, for making pardcleboard and similar products,
and for otherwise working or producing wood products-
Manufacture of machinery for the pulp, paper, and paper product industries.
Manufacture of machinery and equipment used by the printing and bookbinding trades.
Manufacture of machinery for use by the food products and beverage manufacturing
industries and of similar machinery for use in manufacturing animal foods.
Manufacture of miscellaneous special industry machinery, such as smelting and refining
equipment, cement making, clay working, cotton ginning, glass making, and numerous
others.
Manufacture of pumps and pumping equipment for general industrial, commercial, or
household use, except fluid power pumps and motors. (Includes production of domestic
water and sump pumps.)
Manufacture of ball and roller bearings and parts.
Manufacture of air and gas compressors for general industrial use. Manufacture of non-
agricultural spraying and dusting equipment.
Manufacture of industrial and commercial blowers, industrial and commercial exhaust
and ventilating fans, and attic fans. Manufacture of dust collection and other air
purification equipment for heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems or for
industrial gas cleaning systems.
Manufacture of packing machinery, including wrapping and bottling machinery.
Manufacture of speed changers, industrial high-speed drives (except hydrostatic drives),
and gears.
Manufacture of industrial process furnaces, ovens, induction and dielectric heating
equipment, and related devices.
Manufacture of miscellaneous mechanical power transmission equipment and parts, for
industrial machinery.
Manufacture of machinery, equipment, and components for general industrial use, for
which no special classification is provided.
Manufacture of electronic computers, which store programs and data needed to execute
programs, can be freely programmed in accordance with the user's requirements, perform
user-specified arithmetical computations, and execute (without human intervention) a
processing program which requires them to modify their execution by logical decision
during me processing run. Includes digital, analog, and hybrid digital/analog computers.
Manufacture of computer storage devices (including disk drives, magnetic storage
devices, optical storage devices, and others).
Manufacture of computer terminals.
*nec: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
                                                                                                                                        455
-------
             Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
 Box 13-1.  SIC Code 35, Industrial and Commercial Machinery and Computer Equipment:  Codes and Classifications,
 Continued
  SIC Code
Industry Description
        3577  Computer Peripheral Equipment, nee*



        3578  Calculating and Accounting Machines, Except
              Electronic Computers


        3579  Office Machines, nee*


  358   Refrigeration and Service Industry Machinery

        3581  Automatic Vending Machines


        3582  Commercial Laundry, Drycleaning, and Pressing
              Machines

        3585  Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment
              and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration
              Equipment


        3586  Measuring and Dispensing Pumps


        3589  Service Industry Machinery, nee*



  359   Miscellaneous Industrial and Commercial Machinery
        and Equipment

        3592  Carburetors, Pistons, Piston Rings, and Valves

        3593  Fluid Power Cylinders and Actuators


        3594  Fluid Power Pumps and Motors


        3596  Scales and Balances, Except Laboratory


        3599  Industrial and Commercial Machinery and
              Equipment, nee*
Manufacture of miscellaneous computer peripheral equipment, including printers,
plotters, and graphic displays. (Excludes modems and other communications interface
equipment.)

Manufacture of point-of-sale devices, funds transfer devices, and other calculating and
accounting machines, except electronic computers. Includes electronic calculating and
accounting machines which must be paced by operator intervention.

Manufacture of miscellaneous office machines and devices, including typewriters and
word processing equipment.
Manufacture of automatic vending machines and coin-operated mechanisms for such
machines.

Manufacture of laundry and drycleaning equipment and pressing machines for
commercial and industrial use.

Manufacture of refrigeration equipment and systems and similar equipment for
commercial and industrial use; complete air-conditioning units for domestic,
commercial, and industrial use; and warm air furnaces. Includes soda fountains, beer
dispensing equipment, and non-portable humidifiers and dehumidifiers.

Manufacture of measuring and dispensing pumps commonly used in service stations
for dispensing gasoline, oil, and grease, including grease guns.

Manufacture of miscellaneous machines and equipment for use in service industries,
such as floor sanders, industrial vacuum cleaners, scrubbing machines, commercial
cooking and food warming equipment, and commercial dishwashers.
Manufacture of carburetors, pistons, piston rings, and engine intake and exhaust valves.

Manufacture of hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders and actuators for use in fluid power
systems.

Manufacture of hydraulic and pneumatic fluid power pumps and motors, including
hydrostatic transmissions.

Manufacture of weighing and force-measuring machines and devices of all types,
except those regarded as scientific apparatus for laboratory work.

Manufacture of miscellaneous machinery and equipment, such as amusement park
equipment, flexible metal hose and tubing, filters for internal combustion engines
except motor vehicle engines, ship and boat propellers, and other products. Includes
production or repair of miscellaneous machinery and equipment parts on a job or order
basis.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified; these arc generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
                                                             Sources

    Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987:
        Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and industry descriptions.
    U.S. Industry & Trade Outlook '98, DRLMcGraw Hill, Standard & Poor's, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
        International Trade Administration, 1998: economic analyses, also provides some information on environment and
        industrial processes for selected industries.
    U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufactures: Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries, M96(AS)-1,
        February 1998 : value of shipments and employment.
        Supplemental data from U.S. Census Bureau  for some industries.
    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Office of Compliance, Profile
        of the Rubber and Plastics Industry, Sector Notebook project, EPA/310-R-95-016, September 1995
        : industry processes and technologies, pollutant sources, and selected
        economic data.
456
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                                              Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine*
Six major industry groups shipped products valued
at $35 billion to $42 billion each in 1996. These
were construction machinery (SIC code 353),
metalworking machinery (SIC code 354), special
industry machinery (SIC code 355), general
industrial machinery (SIC code 356), refrigeration
and service machinery (SIC code 358), and
miscellaneous industrial machinery (SIC code 359).
Employment in these more labor-intensive
machinery manufacturing groups ranged from
192,000 to 392,000, or roughly one-tenth to one-
fifth of the sector's total. These industry groups are
particularly sensitive to the economic conditions
that influence the decisions of companies in other
sectors about major equipment purchases.

At the four-digit SIC code level, one industry in
this sector—refrigeration and heating equipment
(SIC code 3585)—reported the largest TRI releases
and waste management in almost all categories.
This industry shipped $28.09 billion in products in
1996 and employed 135,000. Only two four-digit
industries in SIC code 35 had a higher dollar value
of shipments: electronic computers (SIC code
3571) with $59.41 billion and miscellaneous
industrial machinery (SIC code 3599) with $30.75
billion. The United States' ban on the production of
ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), once
widely used as refrigerants, has helped stimulate
this industry to new production of alternative air
conditioning and refrigeration equipment.

This sector produces the machinery and equipment
that makes possible much of the business
conducted in other sectors of the economy,
including manufacturing, construction, and
farming. Some processes used in this sector are
similar to those applied in other sectors, such as
metal fabrication (SIC code 34), electrical
equipment (SIC code 36), or transportation
equipment (SIC code 37). Basic production
processes in metal fabrication consist of casting and
molding, shearing and forming (cutting and
bending materials), machining, heat treatment,
finishing, and assembly. In SIC code 35, these
processes and others are applied in building farm,
construction, and mining equipment, among other
products. Industrial machinery may be built to be
powered electrically, by turbines, or by other
means. Machines produced in this sector vary in
their degree of automation, ranging from
mechanical repetition of a single process such as
stamping to programmable computer-aided
manufacturing. Producers of industrial machinery
may specialize in discrete products such as drills or
conveyors, or they may offer manufacturing
systems which integrate a variety of machine tools,
robots, materials-handling equipment, and other
components.

As in other industrial sectors with comparable
processes, chemical and electrochemical finishing
processes and solvent-based cleaning and surface
preparation represent potentially significant sources
of chemical releases and waste.

1996 TRI Data for

Industrial  Machinery
Table 13-1  summarizes TRI reporting by the
industrial machinery sector for 1996. The sector
submitted 2,791 forms in 1996. Of these, 172 were
Form A certification statements, certifying that a
facility's total annual reportable amount of a TRI
chemical was less than 500 pounds for the year and
that the facility did not manufacture, process, or
otherwise use more than 1 million pounds. (The
Form A certification statement is explained in
Chapter 1.)

The refrigeration and heating equipment industry
(SIC code 3585) submitted the most forms (455) in
the industrial machinery sector in  1996, as shown
in Table 13-1. These forms represented 16.3% of
all forms submitted by the sector. The construction
machinery industry (SIC code 3531) ranked second
with 202 forms, or 7.2% of the total. Three other
industries submitted more than 150 forms each:
farm machinery (SIC code 3523) with 179 forms,
miscellaneous internal combustion engines (SIC
code 3519) with 163 forms, and ball and roller
bearings (SIC code 3562) with 152. These
                                                                                            457
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              Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
Table 13-1.  Summary of TRI Information by4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35
Total Total
On- and Production-
Off-sltc related
Releases Waste
Rank Rank
16
4
2
20
3
35
23
10
IS
40
12
37
43
44
39
8
30
51
22
41
50
47
36
7
32
14
13
9
18
24
49
21
26
11
19
46
33
42
29
34
38
1
48
25
5
45
27
31
17
6
28

12
2
9
39
4
32
20
27
29
24
31
22
26
48
18
8
28
51
16
46
50
44
19
11
25
7
6
5
34
37
47
30
35
14
13
36
15
33
17
42
23
1
49
40
10
41
38
45
21
3
43

SIC
Code
3511
3519
3523
3524
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3559
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3571
3572
3577
3579
3581
3582
3585
3586
3589
3592
3593
3594
3596
3599



Industry
Tuibines & Turbine Generator Sets
Internal Combustion Engines, nee*
Farm Machinery & Equipment
Lawn & Garden Equipment
Construction Machinery
Mining Machinery
Oil & Gas Field Machinery
Elevators & Moving Stairways
Conveyors & Conveying Equipment
Hoists, Cranes, & Monorails
Industrial Trucks & Tractors
Machine Tools, Metal Cutting Types
Machine Tools, Metal Forming Types
Industrial Patterns
Special Dies, Tools, Jigs & Fixtures
Machine Tool Accessories
Power-driven Handtools
Rolling Mill Machinery
Welding Apparatus
Metalworking Machinery, nee*
Textile Machinery
Woodworking Machinery
Paper Industries Machinery
Printing Trades Machinery
Food Products Machinery
Special Industry Machinery, nee*
Pumps & Pumping Equipment
Ball & Roller Bearings
Air & Gas Compressors
Blowers & Fans
Packaging Machinery
Speed Changers, Drives, & Gears
Industrial Furnaces & Ovens
Power Transmission Equipment, nee*
General Industrial Machinery, nee*
Electronic Computers
Computer Storage Devices
Computer Peripheral Equipment, nee*
Office Machines, nee*
Automatic Vending Machines
Commercial Laundry Equipment
Refrigeration & Heating Equipment
Measuring & Dispensing Pumps
Service Industry Machinery, nee*
Carburetors, Pistons, Rings, Valves
Fluid Power Cylinders & Actuators
Fluid Power Pumps & Motors
Scales & Balances, Exc. Laboratory
Industrial Machinery, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 35
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 35
Total for SIC Code 35
Total
Facilities
Number
14
39
70
15
55
18
26
10
19
7
24
20
5
4
26
29
12
6
16
3
2
2
13
8
11
34
54
71
17
19
1
20
12
20
24
8
9
7
5
7
5
167
2
18
23
9
10
2
30
50
9
1,087
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
44
163
179
37
202
37
62
35
36
19
58
42
19
6
52
50
30
12
46
7
4
6
35
14
35
72
137
152
42
47
5
45
33
54
56
12
13
16
24
22
11
455
3
41
58
18
26
6
54
145
14
2,791
0
4
7
0
16
4
2
4
0
1
4
1
6
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
7
19
2
0
11
0
2
0
1
5
2
0
0
1
0
0
39
2
11
2
0
1
0
2
1
2
172
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
50,502
1,108,520
3,696,779
237,539
2,058,727
64,708
181,321
519,167
292,900
36,123
387,267
37,965
21,669
12,578
46,025
215,916
96,427
6,548
169,966
37,307
8,974
12,443
62,067
777,800
29,467
264,655
246,520
255,047
220,791
154,214
11,708
143,585
138,565
421,861
228,260
18,226
26,165
37,352
105,818
71,030
54,707
4,268,454
16,751
157,174
748,486
18,323
113,049
98,118
254,234
843,947
115,386
19,201,131
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
239,962
360,442
49,435
2,000
87,770
2,633
55,091
340
1,250
9,142
1,055
23,822
14,250
13,028
6,586
372,165
4,610
2,730
67,332
3,000
1,005
4,860
1,000
0
54,199
62,574
81,107
279,177
33,303
64,323
0
95,276
2,005
10,409
13,008
0
49,389
0
250
399
1,005
219,070
0
716
441,260
2,038
17,776
0
790
107,727
280
2,859,589
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
290,464
1,468,962
3,746,214
239,539
2,146,497
67,341
236,412
519,507
294,150
45,265
388,322
61,787
35,919
25,606
52,611
588,081
101,037
9,278
237,298
40,307
9,979
17,303
63,067
777,800
83,666
327,229
327,627
534,224
254,094
218,537
11,708
238,861
140,570
432,270
241,268
18,226
75,554
37,352
106,068
71,429
55,712
4,487,524
16,751
157,890
1,189,746
20,361
130,825
98,118
255,024
951,674
115,666
22,060,720
Note: On-slte Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
(O disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Faci'ilics/fonns with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility incorrectly reported 2,400,000
pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management and total production-related waste for 1996 under SIC code 3519. The correct amount is 0 pounds.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 458
-------
                                                                Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine*
Table 13-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35, Continued
SIC
Code
3511
3519
3523
3524
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3559
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3571
3572
3577
3579
3581
3582
3585
3586
3589
3592
3593
3594
3596
3599



Industry
Turbines & Turbine Generator Sets
Internal Combustion Engines, nee*
Farm Machinery & Equipment
Lawn & Garden Equipment
Construction Machinery
Mining Machinery
Oil & Gas Field Machinery
Elevators & Moving Stairways
Conveyors & Conveying Equipment
Hoists, Cranes, & Monorails
Industrial Trucks & Tractors
Machine Tools, Metal Cutting Types
Machine Tools, Metal Forming Types
Industrial Patterns
Special Dies, Tools, Jigs & Fixtures
Machine Tool Accessories
Power-driven Handtools
Rolling Mill Machinery
Welding Apparatus
Metalworking Machinery, nee*
Textile Machinery
Woodworking Machinery
Paper Industries Machinery
Printing Trades Machinery
Food Products Machinery
Special Industry Machinery, nee*
Pumps & Pumping Equipment
Ball & Roller Bearings
Air & Gas Compressors
Blowers & Fans
Packaging Machinery
Speed Changers, Drives, & Gears
Industrial Furnaces & Ovens
Power Transmission Equipment, nee*
General Industrial Machinery, nee*
Electronic Computers
Computer Storage Devices
Computer Peripheral Equipment, nee*
Office Machines, nee*
Automatic Vending Machines
Commercial Laundry Equipment
Refrigeration & Heating Equipment
Measuring & Dispensing Pumps
Service Industry Machinery, nee*
Carburetors, Pistons, Rings, Valves
Fluid Power Cylinders & Actuators
Fluid Power Pumps & Motors
Scales & Balances, Exc. Laboratory
Industrial Machinery, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 35
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 35
Total for SIC Code 35
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
110,000
2,942,385
276,749
95,045
1,239,596
144,449
115,054
26,457
78,394
196
76,898
151,507
110,785
12,583
555,089
4,293,055
267,400
0
733,440
0
12,543
12,000
186,700
2,539,620
192,800
3,090,146
1,141,917
1,456,014
55,221
1,200
0
76,000
121,205
145,087
1,311,465
150
31,901
360,570
1,219,067
12,915
0
34,663,897
0
26,490
722,607
6,000
150
17,500
429,712
119,543
800
59,182,302
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
2,944,632
5,952,228
1,164,499
222,728
3,989,008
799,431
1,178,995
508,795
621,168
1,068,560
457,560
774,313
911,399
0
1,206,295
718,154
645,943
9,378
1,453,950
25,498
3,850
92,972
1,062,137
328,386
796,071
2,434,372
4,266,884
4,614,161
463,503
416,688
40,593
456,554
400,410
2,201,832
1,301,759
619,366
2,674,599
488,782
2,101,577
57,475
1,113,704
12,875,748
15,649
1,305,120
2,414,647
282,186
426,507
4,534
987,719
5,084,962
68,557
74,053,838
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
3,374,973
10,359,010
4,898,949
539,710
7,138,631
904,925
1,536,110
1,056,587
970,787
1,124,463
936,755
1,204,474
1,057,520
50,517
2,126,666
5,557,467
1,014,644
19,156
2,498,423
65,940
26,125
122,090
1,584,220
3,642,423
1,061,656
5,911,808
6,488,298
6,628,850
769,766
622,815
52,200
960,370
667,001
2,932,825
2,996,350
637,738
2,855,026
903,889
2,367,813
142,826
1,167,185
65,533,355
32,400
492,237
4,437,830
372,136
568,667
120,654
1,414,154
7,414,126
123,212
169,485,752
Non-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
0
2,000
100
0
529
0
53
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9,727
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
131
4
0
1,550
0
0
1
2,000
28
0
15
0
0
0
0
33,990
0
0
5
1,800
4,307
0
10
0
0
56,250
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility incorrectly reported 2,400,000
pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management and total production-related waste for 1996 under SIC code 3519. The correct amount is 0 pounds.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                                459
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         Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
industries each represented roughly 6% of the
sector's 1996 submissions.

The refrigeration and heating equipment industry
(SIC code 3585) also ranked first in the industrial
machinery sector for all categories of TRI reporting
summarized in Table 13-1, except off-site releases.
This industry reported 4.5 million pounds of total
on- and off-site releases, including 4.3 million
pounds of on-site releases. These amounts were
more than 20% of the sector's total on- and off-site
releases of 22.1 million pounds and on-site releases
of 19.2 million pounds. The refrigeration and
heating equipment industry also reported 34.7
million pounds of other on-site waste management,
58.6% of the sector's 59.2 million-pound total. The
industry reported 12.9 million pounds of transfers
off-site for further waste management, which was
17.4% of the sector's total of 74.1 million pounds
in that category. Refrigeration and heating
equipment also accounted for 65.5 million pounds
of total production-related waste, 38.7% of the
sector total of 169.5 million pounds.

For both on-site releases and total releases, the farm
machinery industry (SIC code 3523) ranked second
and the construction machinery industry (SIC code
3531) ranked third. The farm machinery industry
reported 3.7 million pounds of total releases, almost
all as on-site releases. This industry accounted for
19.3% of the sector's on-site releases and 17.0% of
the total releases. The construction machinery
industry reported 2.1 million pounds of on-site
releases and total releases, which was 10.7% and
9.7%, respectively, of the sector's total amounts in
those categories.

The carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves industry
(SIC code 3592) ranked first for off-site releases
reported in the industrial machinery sector, with
441,000 pounds. This was 15.4% of the sector's
total of 2.9 million pounds. The machine tool
accessories industry (SIC code 3545) reported the
second-largest off-site releases, with 372,000
pounds (13.0%). Ranking third, the miscellaneous
internal combustion engines industry (SIC code
3519) reported 360,000 pounds (12.6%).
The machine tool accessories industry (SIC code
3545) reported 4.3 million pounds of other on-site
waste management, or 7.3% of the sector's total.
The miscellaneous special industry machinery
industry (SIC code 3559) reported 3.1 million
pounds (5.2%). These industries ranked second and
third for other on-site waste management, after the
refrigeration and heating equipment industry (SIC
code 3585).

Miscellaneous internal combustion engines (SIC
code 3519) ranked second for transfers off-site for
further waste management with 6.0 million pounds
(8.0%) and second for total production-related
waste with 10.4 million pounds (6.1%). However,
both of these amounts included 2.4 million pounds
of aluminum that one facility reported in error.
Only fume and dust forms of aluminum are
reportable to TRI, but the aluminum that this
facility sent to recycling was dross, a waste
material that is neither fume nor dust. Taking into
account this error, forms reporting more than one
SIC code in SIC code 35 ("multiple-codes" forms)
ranked second for off-site transfers (with 5.1
million pounds, or 6.9%), and ball roller bearings
(SIC code 3562) ranked third (with 4.6 million
pounds, or 6.2%). The "multiple-codes" forms
ranked third for total production-related waste (with
7.4 million pounds, or 4.4%). (The "multiple-
codes" forms are explained below.)

Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 35
Some facilities in the industrial machinery sector
manufacture distinct, but related, products that are
classified in different SIC codes. A facility that
produces equipment for farm use such as tractors or
harvesters (SIC code 3523) may also produce lawn
and garden equipment (SIC code 3524). A facility
may produce machinery for use in oil and gas fields
(SIC code 3533) and also manufacture pumps and
pumping equipment (SIC code 3561). Such
facilities may report multiple SIC codes on their
TRI forms. (Box 1-5 in Chapter 1 further explains
460
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                                                    Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine*
 reporting of multiple SIC codes and its affect on the
 analyses presented in the TRI data release.)

 Table 13-2 further examines multiple-codes reporting
 in SIC code 35 in 1996. The most frequent
 combination in this sector, reported on 17 forms, was
 farm machinery (SIC code 3523) and construction
 machinery (SIC code 3531). This combination also
 reported the largest total on- and off-site releases
 (302,000 pounds) and the second-largest total
production-related waste (1.2 million pounds) among
multiple-codes groups in SIC code 35. The
combination of mining machinery (SIC code 3532),
hoists, cranes, and monorails (SIC code 3536) and
miscellaneous general industrial machinery (SIC code
3569) submitted 12 forms. This group ranked first
among multiple-codes forms for total production-
related waste, reporting 2.3 million pounds.
Machinery for paper industries (SIC code 3554) and
miscellaneous special industry machinery (SIC code
Table 13-2.  Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35
SIC Codes
3519
3519
3523
3523
3523
3523
3523
3523
3524
3531
3531
3531
3532
3533
3535
3536
3536
3541
3541
3542
3543
3545
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3561
3561
3561
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3569
3569
3581
3523
3531
3524
3531
3534
3535
3546
3556
3564
3535
3563
3569
3536 3569
3561
3569
3546
3559
3545
3547 3599
3544
3564 3585
3544
3582 3599
3559
3559
3567
3559
3563
3569
3589
3599
3566 3568
3592
3599
3568
3586
3599
3585
Total for SIC Code 35
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
2
8
8
17
1
3
5
3
1
1
• 1
2
12
3
2
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
6
2
12
3
5
4
5
1
3
4
3
4
6
3
2
2
145
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
12,645
109,976
80,673
300,922
28,676
12
32,374
260
20
52,000
250
60,718
250
0
998
1,850
10,148
9,489
20
826
7,000
15
9,562
1,068
33,099
0
0
38
0
5
650
218
224
157
264
29,581
32,939
27,020
843,947
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
258
0
0
910
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11,400
0
0
0
0
0
83,824
638
0
3,868
2,386
0
750
0
0
1,500
450
1,743
0
0
107,727
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off-site for
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
12,903
109,976
80,673
301,832
28,676
12
32,374
260
20
52,000
250
60,718
250
0
998
1,850
10,148
9,489
11,420
826
7,000
15
9,562
1,068
116,923
638
0
3,906
2,386
5
1,400
218
224
1,657.
714
31,324
32,939
27,020
951,674
0
18,212
1,250
2,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,733
0
0
0
0
0
5,884
0
0
0
24,000
11,290
0
28,483
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,927
0
0
13,764
0
0
119,543
69,092
62,400
691,699
874,477
1,966
0
19,000
0
97,000
750
750
17,425
1,705,366
30,718
46,306
0
1,350
21,996
0
750
4,105
1,500
346,877
48,900
365,277
67,903
71,505
156,862
21,470
11,413
1,250
155,726
27,697
46,180
98,968
12,571
1,063
4,650
5,084,962
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
81,989
190,812
632,373
1,177,578
30,642
12
230,074
25
97,020
52,520
855
90,331
2,261,561
30,718
46,306
1,850
11,498
31,208
10,700
831
10,007
25,520
367,259
49,968
498,008
68,541
71,380
160,768
701,146
14,415
3,340
155,944
40,848
46,337
99,682
56,237
34,003
31,820
7,414,126
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases are transfers off-site to disposal
from Section 6 of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 of Form R. Total Production-related Waste sums
Section 8 of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
                                                                                                        461
-------
            Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
  3559), also reported on 12 forms, ranked second for      pounds of off-site releases (transfers to disposal), as
  tf^tat f\n . *%**^l f~*f£ fivt-n. ftf-t.1 s^f* r+nn • v.!*.'!* "t "IT f\f\f\	J_       •«     *  m •• -I  d .« M  n*
  total on- and off-site releases, with 117,000 pounds.
  On- and Off-site Releases
  The industrial machinery sector reported 19.0
  million pounds of air emissions and 2.9 million

 Table 13-3. TRt On-slte and Off-site Releases, 1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35 (in Rank Order)
shown in Table 13-3. These amounts represented
86.3% and 13.0%, respectively, of the sector's total
reported releases in 1996. Surface water discharges,
on-site releases to RCRA subtitle C landfills, and
other on-site land releases each made up 0.5% or
SIC
Code
3585
3523
3531
3519
3592
3555
3S4S
3562
3534
3563
3537
3561
3559
3535
3511
3599
3563
3569
3524
3566
354S
3533
3564
3589
3567
3594

3579
3546
3596
3556
3572
3531
3532
3554
3541
3582
3544
3536
3549
3577
3542
3543
3593
3571
3553
35S6
3565
3552
3547

Industry
Refrigeration &. Heating Equipment
Farm Machinery & Equipment
Construction Machinery
Internal Combustion Engines, nee*
Cacburcton, Pistons, Rings, Valves
Multiple within SIC Code 35
Printing Trade* Machinery
Machine Tool Accessories
Bill & Roller Bearings
Elevators & Moving Stairways
Power Transmission Equipment, nee*
Industrial Trucks & Tractors
Pu;r.pi & Pumping Equipment
Special Industry Machinery, nee*
Conveyor* & Conveying Equipment
Turbines & Turbine Generator Sets
ladtutrfal Machinery, nee*
Air & Gas Compressors
General Industrial Machinery, nee*
Lawn & Garden Equipment
Speed Changers, Drives, & Gears
Welding Apparatus
Oil & Gas Field Machinery
Blowers & Fin*
Service Industry Machinery, nee*
Industrial Furnaces & Ovens
Fluid Power Pumps & Motors
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 35
Office Machines, nee*
Power-driven Handtoob
Scale* & Balances, Exc, Laboratory
Food Products Machinery
Computer Storage Devices
Automatic Vending Machines
Mining Machinery
Paper Industries Machinery
Machine Tools, Metal Cutting Types
Commercial Laundry Equipment
Special Dies, Tools, Jigs & Fixtures
{Win, Cranes, & Monorails
MeUtworking Machinery, ncc*
Computer Peripheral Equipment, nee*
Machine Tools, Metal Forming Types
Industrial Pattern
Fluid Power Cylinders & Actuators
Electrode Computers
Woodworking Machinery
Mcaiuring & Dispensing Pumps
Packaging Machinery
Textile Machinery
Rolling Mill Machinery
Total for SJC Code 35
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
4,263,085
3,696,455
1,981,020
1,107,851
748.476
836,499
777,550
200,122
221,141
519,152
420,845
386,992
245,033
263,639
292,645
48,402
253,464-
218,578
228,260
236,852
143,580
169,966
181,003
154,213
157,174
137,775
113,049
115,386
105,818
96,154
98,118
28,957
26,165
71,030
64,703
59,429
37,965
53,957
45,525
35,873
37,307
37,102
21,669
12,578
17,014
18,226
12,443
16,751
11,708
8,974
3,124
19,038,797
Surface Underground Injection
Water Class I Class H-V
Discharges Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds Pounds
3,110
224
24,374
192
10
1,273
250
0
376
0
505
255
54
260
0
1,600
255
23
0
0
0
0
264
1
0
0
0
0
0
23
0
510
0
0
5
20
0
0
500
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
34,089
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,889
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7,144
2,254
100
53,333
477
0
6,175
0
15,794
26,641
15
511
20
1,433
756
255
500
265
2,190
0
687
5
0
54
0
0
790
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
2,618
0
750
0
250
0
250
0
0
1,304
0
0
0
0
0
3,424
121,101
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
4,268,454
3,696,779
2,058,727
1,108,520
748,486
843,947
777,800
215,916
255,047
519,167
421,861
387,267
246,520
264,655
292,900
50,502
254,234
220,791
228,260
237,539
143,585
169,966
181,321
154,214
157,174
138,565
113,049
115,386
105,818
96,427
98,118
29,467
26,165
71,030
64,708
62,067
37,965
54,707
46,025
36,123
37,307
37,352
21,669
12,578
18,323
18,226
12,443
16,751
11,708
8,974
6,548
19,201,131
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
219,070
49,435
87,770
360,442
441,260
107,727
0
372,165
279,177
340
10,409
1,055
81,107
62,574
1,250
239,962
790
33,303
13,008
2,000
95,276
67,332
55,091
64,323
716
2,005
17,776
280
250
4,610
0
54,199
49,389
399
2,633
1,000
23,822
1,005
6,586
9,142
3,000
0
14,250
13,028
2,038
0
4,860
0
0
1,005
2,730
2,859,589
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
4,487,524
3,746,214
2,146,497
1,468,962
1,189,746
951,674
777,800
588,081
534,224
519,507
432,270 .
388,322
327,627
327,229
294,150
290,464
255,024
254^094
241,268
239,539
238,861
237,298
236,412
218,537
157,890
140,570
130,825
115,666
106,068
101,037
98,118
83,666
75,554
71,429
67,341
63,067
61,787
55,712
52,611
45,265
40,307
37,352
35,919
25,606
20,361
18,226
17,303
16,751
11,708
9,979
9,278
22,060,720
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SJC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*IKC: not elsewhere classified.
 462
-------
less of the sector's total releases. The industrial
machinery sector reported no underground
injection. Figure 13-1 displays the distribution of
the industrial machinery sector's releases by type.
                                               Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine,
Figure 13-2 shows the distribution of on- and off-
site releases for the industries (four- digit SIC code)
with the sector's largest releases.
The refrigeration and heating equipment industry
(SIC code 3585) reported 4.3 million pounds of air
emissions, 22.4% of the sector's total air emissions
in 1996. Emissions reported by the refrigeration
and heating equipment industry included 1.4
million pounds of chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-
22) and 835,000 pounds of trichloroethylene. Farm
machinery (SIC code 3523) ranked second for
releases to air with 3.7 million pounds of air
emissions (19.4%), including 2.2 million pounds of
xylenes. Construction machinery (SIC code 3531)
ranked third with 2.0 million pounds (10.4%).
    Transfers Off-site
       to Disposal
         13.0%

   Other On-site
  Land Releases
      0.5%
                                         Air
                                        86.3%
                       Surface Water = 0.2%
                       RCRA Subtitle C Landfills < 0.1%
                       Underground Injection = 0%

    Figure 13-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site
    Releases, 1996: Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from
Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.

 As noted, the carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves
 industry (SIC code 3592) ranked first among
 industrial machinery industries for off-site releases,
 with 441,000 pounds, followed by machine tool
 accessories (SIC code 3545), with 372,000 pounds,
 and miscellaneous internal combustion engines
 industry (SIC code 3519), with 360,000 pounds.
 These amounts ranged from 12.6% to 15.4% of the
 sector's total off-site releases.
Other On-site Waste Management

The industrial machinery sector reported 49.6
million pounds of on-site recycling in 1996, as
shown in Table 13-4. This amount accounted for
83.8% of the sector's other on-site waste
management. Almost all of the remainder was
reported as on-site treatment: 9.4 million pounds, or
15.9% of the total. Only two of the 50 industry
groups in SIC code 35—industrial furnaces and
ovens (SIC code 3567) and construction machinery
(SIC code 3531)—reported energy recovery, for a
total of 131,000 pounds, or 0.2% of the sector's
total other on-site waste management. Figure 13-3
illustrates the distribution of other on-site waste
management data for the industrial machinery
sector.

The refrigeration and heating equipment industry
(SIC code 3585) reported more than two-thirds
(69.1%) of the sector's on-site recycling. This
industry reported 34.3 million pounds of on-site
recycling, including 22.2 million pounds of 1,1,1-
trichloroethane (TCA).  Three facilities  in the
refrigeration and heating equipment industry,
owned by the same parent company, reported a
total of 21.3 million pounds of on-site recycling of
TCA. (As described later in this chapter, amounts
reported by these facilities represented  reductions
from earlier years.) Ranking second for on-site
recycling, the machine tool accessories industry
(SIC code 3545) reported 4.2 million pounds, 8.4%
of the sector's total. The miscellaneous internal
combustion engines industry (SIC code 3519)
ranked third with 2.4 million pounds (4.7%).

Miscellaneous special industry machinery (SIC
code 3559) accounted for one-third (32.4%) of the
sector's on-site treatment, with 3.1 million pounds.
Miscellaneous general industrial machinery  (SIC
code 3569) ranked second for on-site treatment
                                                                                                463
-------
          Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
                                                             a Transfers Off-site to Disposal
                                                             • Other On-site Land Releases
                                                             B RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
                                                             p UIJ, Class II-V Wells
                                                             n UIJ, Class I Wells
                                                             H Surface Water
                                                             HAir
                2,000,000 •


                1,500,000 •
                 500,000-
                         3585   3523   3531    3519   3592    Mult.    3555   3545   3562    3534
       Figure 13-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
                                 Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)
Note: On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R, Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal). UIJ = underground injection. Forms with
more than one 4-digiC SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
with 1.3 million pounds (13.9%). Printing trades
machinery (SIC code 3555) ranked third with
759,000 pounds (8.0%).

Figure 13-4 illustrates the distribution of on-site
waste management reporting for the top
industries in this sector.

Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

Transfers to recycling accounted for the majority
of transfers off-site for further waste management
reported by the industrial machinery sector in
1996, as shown in Table 13-5. The sector
reported 64.0 million pounds of transfers to
recycling, 86.4% of the sector's total transfers
off-site for further waste management. The sector
also reported 2.5 million pounds (3.4%) of
transfers to energy recovery, 1.3 million pounds
(1.8%) of transfers to treatment, and 4.2 million
pounds (5.6%) of transfers to POTWs. Figure 13-5
illustrates the distribution of these transfers by type.

The refrigeration and heating equipment industry
(SIC code 3585) reported 12.4 million pounds of
transfers to recycling, 19.3% of the total transfers to
recycling. This amount included 7.1 million pounds
of copper. Ranking second in this category, the
miscellaneous internal combustion engines industry
(SIC code 3519) reported 5.1 million pounds (8.0%),
including 2.6 million pounds of aluminum. However,
as noted above, one facility in SIC code 3519
reported in error 2.4 million pounds of aluminum
transferred off-site to recycling. Taking into account
this error, the multiple-codes forms in SIC code 35
ranked second in this category with 5.0 million
pounds (7.8%), and ball and roller bearings (SIC
code 3562) ranked third with 4.5 million pounds
(7.0%).
464
-------
                                                          Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine,


Table 13-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3585
3545
3559
3519
3555
3562
3569
3531
3579
3561
3548
3592
3544
3599
3577
3523
3546
3556
3554
3541
3568
3532
3567

3533
3542
3511
3524
3535
3537
3566
3563
3572
3589
3534
3596
3581
3543
3552
3553
3593
3564

3536
3571
3594
3547
3549
3565
3582
3586

Industry
Refrigeration & Heating Equipment
Machine Tool Accessories
Special Industry Machinery, nee*
Internal Combustion Engines, nee*
Printing Trades Machinery
Ball & Roller Bearings
General Industrial Machinery, nee*
Construction Machinery
Office Machines, nee*
Pumps & Pumping Equipment
Welding Apparatus
Carburetors, Pistons, Rings, Valves
Special Dies, Tools, Jigs & Fixtures
Industrial Machinery, nee*
Computer Peripheral Equipment, nee*
Farm Machinery & Equipment
Power-driven Handtools
Food Products Machinery
Paper Industries Machinery
Machine Tools, Metal Cutting Types
Power Transmission Equipment, nee*
Mining Machinery
Industrial Furnaces & Ovens
Multiple within SIC Code 35
Oil & Gas Field Machinery
Machine Tools, Metal Forming Types
Turbines & Turbine Generator Sets
Lawn & Garden Equipment
Conveyors & Conveying Equipment
Industrial Trucks & Tractors
Speed Changers, Drives, & Gears
Air & Gas Compressors
Computer Storage Devices
Service Industry Machinery, nee*
Elevators & Moving Stairways
Scales & Balances, Exc. Laboratory
Automatic Vending Machines
Industrial Patterns
Textile Machinery
Woodworking Machinery
Fluid Power Cylinders & Actuators
Blowers & Fans
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 35
Hoists, Cranes, & Monorails
Electronic Computers
Fluid Power Pumps & Motors
Rolling Mill Machinery
MetalworWng Machinery, nee*
Packaging Machinery
Commercial Laundry Equipment
Measuring & Dispensing Pumps
Total for SIC Code 35
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
34,289,502
4,180,054
31,166
2,355,177
1,780,420
1,398,000
0
749,326
909,155
1,141,917
634,040
667,344
238,351
185,656
4,100
128,223
10,000
192,800
0
775
30,415
126,000
11,205
75,052
73,992
110,785
0
0
5,194
76,898
76,000
54,870
0
90
26,457
17,500
0
12,583
0
12,000
6,000
1,200
800
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
49,613,047
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20,702
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
110,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
130,702
Treated
On-site
Pounds
374,395
113,001
3,058,980
587,208
759,200
58,014
1,311,465
469,568
309,912
0
99,400
55,263
316,738
244,056
356,470
148,526
257,400
0
186,700
150,732
114,672
18,449
0
44,491
41,062
0
110,000
95,045
73,200
0
0
351
31,901
26,400
0
0
12,915
0
12,543
0
0
0
0
196
150
150
0
0
0
0
0
9,438,553
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
34,663,897
4,293,055
3,090,146
2,942,385
2,539,620
1,456,014
1,311,465
1,239,596
1,219,067
1,141,917
733,440
722,607
555,089
429,712
360,570
276,749
267,400
192,800
186,700
151,507
145,087
144,449
121,205
119,543
115,054
110,785
110,000
95,045
78,394
76,898
76,000
55,221
31,901
26,490
26,457
17,500
12,915
12,583
12,543
12,000
6,000
1,200
800
196
150
150
0
0
0
0
0
59,182,302
 Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R.  Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the
 "multiple" category.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                    465
-------
           Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
                 Treated
                 On-site
                 15.9%
    Energy Recovery
       On-site
        0.2%
                                        Recycled
                                         On-site
                                         83.8%
    Figure 13-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste
   Management, 1996: Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)
 Nolc: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
The construction machinery industry (SIC code
3531) ranked first in the industrial machinery sector
for transfers to energy recovery, with 682,000
pounds (26.9% of the total). The miscellaneous
internal combustion engines industry (SIC code
3519) ranked second with 375,000 pounds (14.8%),
and the electronic computers industry (SIC code
3571) ranked third with 363,000 pounds (14.3%).

The miscellaneous general industrial machinery
industry (SIC code 3569) reported the sector's
largest amount—235,000 pounds—of transfers to
treatment. This represented 17.8% of all transfers to
treatment reported by the industrial machinery
sector. The machine tool accessories industry (SIC
code 3545) ranked second with 190,000 pounds
(14.4%). Ranking third, the carburetors, pistons,
rings, and valves industry (SIC code 3592) reported
92,000 pounds (7.0%) of transfers to treatment.
                                                                               DTreated
                                                                               • Energy Recovery
                                                                               B Recycled
            5.000,000 •
                      3585    3545     3559    3519    3555    3562    3569    3531     3579    3561
      Figure 13-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                                 Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)
Nolc: Other On-sifc Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R.
466
-------
                                                               Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine
Table 13-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35
(in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3585
3519

3562
3561
3531
3511
3572
3559
3592
3568
3579
3548
3589
3569
3544
3533
3523
3582
3536
3554
3599
3542
3532
3556
3541
3545
3546
3535
3571
3534
3577
3563
3537
3566
3594
3564
3567
3555
3593
3524
3553

3581
3565
3549
3586
3547
3596
3552
3543

Industry
Refrigeration & Heating Equipment
Internal Combustion Engines, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 35
Ball & Roller Bearings
Pumps & Pumping Equipment
Construction Machinery
Turbines & Turbine Generator Sets
Computer Storage Devices
Special Industry Machinery, nee*
Carburetors, Pistons, Rings, Valves
Power Transmission Equipment, nee*
Office Machines, nee*
Welding Apparatus
Service Industry Machinery, nee*
General Industrial Machinery, nee*
Special Dies, Tools, Jigs & Fixtures
Oil & Gas Field Machinery
Farm Machinery & Equipment
Commercial Laundry Equipment
Hoists, Cranes, & Monorails
Paper Industries Machinery
Industrial Machinery, nee*
Machine Tools, Metal Forming Types
Mining Machinery
Food Products Machinery
Machine Tools, Metal Cutting Types
Machine Tool Accessories
Power-driven Handtools
Conveyors & Conveying Equipment
Electronic Computers
Elevators & Moving Stairways
Computer Peripheral Equipment, nee*
Air & Gas Compressors
Industrial Trucks & Tractors
Speed Changers, Drives, & Gears
Fluid Power Pumps & Motors
Blowers & Fans
Industrial Furnaces & Ovens
Printing Trades Machinery
Fluid Power Cylinders & Actuators
Lawn & Garden Equipment
Woodworking Machinery
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 35
Automatic Vending Machines
Packaging Machinery
Metalworking Machinery, nee*
Measuring & Dispensing Pumps
Rolling Mill Machinery
Scales & Balances, Exc. Laboratory
Textile Machinery
Industrial Patterns
Total for SIC Code 35
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
12,377,624
5,125,182
4,994,499
4,494,328
4,157,134
3,109,494
2,901,025
1,678,134
2,316,637
2,297,465
1,938,420
64,669
1,352,673
313,860
760,029
1,149,656
1,141,523
795,998
1,112,474
1,062,448
1,044,724
957,933
866,494
797,376
750,449
693,466
508,532
451,365
591,538
228,356
445,990
61,290
459,003
352,630
456,513
420,212
405,787
365,674
296,000
273,763
165,727
89,907
58,411
29,445
40,593
25,450
15,649
9,378
3,534
3,600
0
64,012,061
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
157,697
375,260
44,598
22,528
81,910
681,866
14,900
20,374
32,050
110
30,301
10,685
12,405
750
79,194
11,602
30,095
259,187
1,200
6,110
0
4,050
14,283
0
0
6
0
3,359
25,423
362,581
62,545
6,600
4,159
82,616
0
5,408
7,042
34,236
3,443
0
12,491
2,810
0
27,022
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,530,890
68,322
31,921
45,636
33,003
8,288
84,605
28,622
1,489
78,939
92,391
68,730
53,305
17,487
0
234,717
44,707
7,089
19,184
0
0
14,795
25,711
30,622
1,900
30,261
13,907
190,208
840
1,870
28,419
0
7,590
69
1,000
21
0
3,837
0
28,938
8,316
4
250
7,920
1,000
0
48
0
0
1,000
0
0
1,316,961
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
272,105
419,865
229
64,302
19,552
113,043
85
974,602
6,746
24,681
163,881
1,555
71,385
990,510
227,069
330
288
90,130
30
2
0
25
0
155
15,361
19,940
19,414
190,379
0
10
260
413,302
272
21,314
20
887
22
500
5
107
44,506
5
1,113
8
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
4,168,245
Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
1,971,363
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
2,618
0
0
0
0
47,000
0
0
2,337
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,113
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,025,681
Total Off-site
Transfers
for Further
Waste
Management
Pounds
12,875,748
5,952,228
5,084,962
4,614,161
4,266,884
3,989,008
2,944,632
2,674,599
2,434,372
2,414,647
2,201,832
2,101,577
1,453,950
1,305,120
1,301,759
1,206,295
1,178,995
1,164,499
1,113,704
1,068,560
1,062,137
987,719
911,399
799,431
796,071
774,313
718,154
645,943
621,168
619,366
508,795
488,782
463,503
457,560
456,554
426,507
416,688
400,410
328,386
282,186
222,728
92,972
68,557
57,475
40,593
25,498
15,649
9,378
4,534
3,850
0
74,053,838
 Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
 transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple"
 category. One facility incorrectly reported 2,400,000 pounds of transfers to recycling for 1996 under SIC code 3519. The correct amount is 0 pounds.  The rank
 of SIC code 3519 for transfers to recycling changes from 2 to 7 and for total off-site transfers for further waste management changes from 2 to 6.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                               467
-------
            Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
                 To POTWs
                    5.6%
       To Treatment
          1.8%
   Other Off-site
     Transfers
       2.7%
To Energy Recovery
      3.4%
                                          To Recycling
                                            86.4%
    Figure 13-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for
   Further Waste Management, 1996: Industrial Machinery
                      (SIC Code 35)
 Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6
 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers
 arc transfers reported without a valid waste management code.
For transfers to POTWs, the miscellaneous service
industry machinery industry (SIC code 3589) and
the computer storage devices industry (SIC code
3572) reported comparable amounts, ranking first
and second in the sector. Miscellaneous service
industry machinery accounted for 991,000 pounds
of transfers to POTWs and computer storage
devices for 975,000 pounds of such transfers. These
amounts represented approximately 24% each of
the sector's total transfers to POTWs. Ranking
third, the miscellaneous internal combustion
engines (SIC code 3519) reported 420,000 pounds,
or 10.1% of the total.

Figure 13-6 illustrates the distribution of off-site
transfers for further waste management for the top
industries in this  sector.
                  14,000,000
                  12,000,000
                 10,000,000
                  8,000,000
                  6,000,000
                  4,000,000 -
                  2,000,000 •
                                      • Other Off-site Transfers
                                      H To POTWs
                                      D To Treatment
                                      E3 To Energy Recovery
                                           Recycling
                           3585
                                  3519
                                         Mult.
                                                3562
                                                       3561
                                                              3531
                                                                     3511
                                                                            3572
                                                                                   3559
                                                                                          3592
          Figure 13-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with
                        Largest Totals, 1996: Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)
^°i-C- ?fl  j™?"^CrS f°r Furthcr Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-cligtt SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility incorrectly reported 2,400,000 pounds of transfers to recycling for 1996
under SIC code 3519. The correct amount is 0 pounds. The rank of SIC code 3519 for total off-site transfers for further waste management changes from 2 to 6
468
-------
                                             Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine*
1996 TRI Data  by State

for Industrial Machinery

As shown in Table 13-6, the industrial machinery
sector submitted more than 200 forms in each of
four states in 1996: Wisconsin (218 forms), Ohio
(214 forms), niinois (213 forms), and
Pennsylvania (206 forms). These numbers
represented nearly 8% each of all forms submitted
by the sector in 1996.

Although the manufacture of industrial machinery
and equipment historically centered in the
Midwest, production of such goods has spread
through much of the United States in recent years.
The sector's current geographic diversity is
evident in the pattern of releases and waste
management reported to TRI. As seen in Table
13-6, no single state or territory accounted for as
much as 10% of the sector's total releases or as
much as 12% of the sector's total production-
related waste in 1996.

The industrial machinery sector reported 1.69
million pounds of on-site releases in Iowa and
1.68 million pounds in Illinois, approximately
8.8% each of the sector's total on-site releases.
Indiana ranked third with 1.2 million pounds
(6.5%). For total on- and off-site releases, niinois
ranked first with 1.9 million pounds (8.5%),
followed by Iowa with 1.7 million pounds (7.8%)
and Wisconsin with 1.5 million pounds (6.8%).

For off-site releases, the top-ranked states were
South Carolina with 521,000 pounds, or 18.2% of
the sector's total; Wisconsin with 395,000
pounds, or 13.8%; and Ohio with 375,000
pounds, or 13.1%.

Puerto Rico ranked first for other on-site waste
management reported by the industrial machinery
sector, with 9.6 million pounds, or 16.2% of the
sector's total other on-site waste management.
One facility in Puerto Rico reported on-site
recycling of 9.0 million pounds of 1,1,1-
trichlorethane in 1996. Georgia ranked second with
7.5 million pounds, or 12.6%. A facility in Georgia
reported on-site recycling of 7.0 million pounds of
1,1,1-trichlorethane. Both the Puerto Rico and
Georgia facilities, owned by the same parent
company, reported in the refrigeration and heating
equipment industry (SIC code 3585). Ranking third
and fourth, Tennessee and Minnesota reported
comparable amounts of other on-site waste
management, with 5.5 million pounds each
(approximately 9.4%).

Wisconsin was the state with the largest transfers off-
site for further waste management reported by the
industrial machinery sector. These transfers totaled
8.3 million pounds in Wisconsin, 11.2% of the
sector's total. However, one Wisconsin facility
reported in error 2.4 million pounds of aluminum
transferred off-site for recycling, as mentioned
earlier. Taking into account this error, New York
ranked first in this category, with 6.4 million pounds
(8.6%), Illinois ranked second with 5.1 million
pounds (6.9%), and Ohio ranked third with 4.8
million pounds (6.5%).

Indiana ranked first for total production-related waste
with 19.1 million pounds (11.2%), followed by
Wisconsin with 15.7 million pounds (9.2%) and
Georgia with 10.3 million pounds (6.1%).

Map 13-1 illustrates the geographic distribution of
total on- and off-site releases in the industrial
machinery sector.

1996 TRI Data by Chemical

for Industrial Machinery

The top 15 chemicals for total on- and off-site
releases in industrial machinery manufacture appear
in Table 13-7. Releases of these chemicals totaled
18.2 million pounds, or 82.6% of the sector's total
releases. Xylenes led this list, with 5.2 million
pounds of total releases. Trichloroethylene ranked
second with 2.0 million pounds, and toluene ranked
third with 1.8 million pounds. These solvents are
                                                                                          469
-------
              Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
 Tabte 13-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35
Stale
Afabtmt
Arizona
Arkanuti
California
CoteraiJo
Connecticut
Delaware
FJorfda
Georgia
Winds
Indiana
low*
Ktntti
Kentucky
Louisiana
Matec
Maryland
MiaiacimeUs
Mkh!gia
Minrcjoa
MiisijjipF-i
Miuouri
Ncbrufca
Nendt
New KamjM Mrs
New Jersey
NcwYotfc
North Carotin*
North Dttaa
Ohio
OtOthoim
Oregon
Peatxyivuia
Puerto Rko
Rhode Mtnd
Sooth Carolina
South Dakota
TenncMce
Tcxat
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
WasHngtoti
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Total foe SK Code 35
Total
Facilities
Number
21
11
23
33
8
15
2
10
31
71
51
36
30
26
5
3
8
15
26
34
12
26
16
5
9
14
40
42
6
85
31
6
76
2
1
35
13
39
56
5
4
14
8
9
74
1,087
Total
Forms
Number
36
25
53
62
19
29
4
14
81
213
164
116
86
67
13
7
13
30
73
84
40
73
35
7
20
27
121
95
18
214
80
15
206
8
2
94
26
85
133
16
7
27
14
21
218
2,791
Form As
Number
2
2
9
1
0
1
0
0
4
22
4
8
1
5
0
3
5
0
3
7
1
6
4
3
1
2
12
15
0
9
4
0
6
3
2
0
0
5
4
2
0
4
2
1
9
172
Total
Oil-site
Releases
Pounds
520,358
14,130
384,709
142,299
80,807
119,621
28,216
315,529
926,736
1,676,155
1,245,772
1,686,381
932,997
543,449
31,093
3
2,383
32,700
510,496
553,879
162,559
748,931
1,056,956
12,415
11,303
31,683
742,172
99,381
282,254
822,003
412,430
5,078
902,702
148,602
0
250,528
180,598
582,646
1,146,009
12,175
2,005
154,336
71,131
516,935
1,098,586
19,201,131
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
27,114
64,321
275
47,414
16,700
53,332
250
1,000
74,964
197,291
180,856
30,721
18,780
75,764
0
0
0
32,368
34,553
16,294
37,476
4,468
90,770
0
8,809
1,245
82,426
67,643
1,108
375,052
12,186
6,960
207,767
0
0
521,325
63,323
19,495
67,599
783
17,980
3,827
0
1,960
395,390
2,859,589
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off-site for
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
547,472
78,451
384,984
189,713
97,507
172,953
28,466
316,529
1,001,700
1,873,446
1,426,628
1,717,102
951,777
619,213
31,093
3
2,383
65,068
545,049
570,173
200,035
753,399
1,147,726
12,415
20,112
32,928
824,598
167,024
283,362
1,197,055
424,616
12,038
1,110,469
148,602
0
771,853
243,921
602,141
1,213,608
12,958
19,985
158,163
71,131
518,895
1,493,976
22,060,720
35,507
773,799
93,933
40,245
58,908
522,304
28,200
1,747,332
7,475,723
959,649
494,896
89,004
761,515
137,194
11,290
0
24,953
436,093
1,625,422
5,514,690
18,249
4,344,134
431,462
50,532
136,536
26,370
1,942,132
166,305
11,759
1,980,528
78,152
4,100
1,656,060
9,609,000
0
399,520
165,540
5,544,168
2,388,806
12,915
4,200
2,760,250
931,000
329,000
5,360,927
59,182,302
886,394
471,468
499,361
4,011,334
198,801
516,006
10,785
968,621
1,314,829
5,124,597
4,722,946
2,406,079
2,273,054
944,031
532,288
235,237
194,367
757,115
2,759,136
1,910,643
465,253
1,469,671
449,836
113,872
212,289
794,185
6,385,681
2,307,730
884,376
4,819,462
3,236,781
138,384
4,360,789
124,148
0
3,031,371
232,451
2,919,940
1,934,284
61,597
29,654
622,842
36,262
379,763
8,306,125
74,053,838
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
1,453,065
1,322,025
981,065
3,206,727
468,247
1,344,311
67,423
3,051,384
10,277,076
7,809,192
19,057,880
4,162,665
3,893,122
1,748,274
574,197
235,239
215,089
1,381,756
5,286,263
8,223,948
1,237,366
6,576,187
2,073,214
175,979
446,016
935,559
7,909,391
2,737,071
1,218,090
8,475,946
4,134,110
152,616
7,402,875
9,882,645 •
0
4,308,701
636,042
9,137,117
5,720,257
87,513
60,644
3,505,133
1,044,597
1,193,350
15,676,385
169,485,752
0
0
250
0
582
28
0
0
0
628
2,124
7,500
0
1,800
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
5
4,308
0
0
13
25,181
0
0
2,000
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
10
53
0
9,600
725
0
0
1,427
56,250
Note: On-sltc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).  One
facility in Wisconsin incorrectly reported 2,400,000 pounds of transfers to recycling and total production-related waste for 1996. The correct amount is 0 pounds.
The runk of Wisconsin for total transfers off-site for further waste management changes from 1 to 2.
 470
-------
                                                Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine,
in
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•o

s
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                                                                                                     471
-------
          Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
Table 13-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Industrial Machinery,
SIC Code 35 (in Rank Order)
CAS
Number
1330-20.7
79-01-6
IOS-S34
75-4S-6
78-93-3
—
7440-17-3
127-18-4
75-09-2
7439-96-5
103-10-1
7664-41-7
7440-02-0
71-55-6
1717-00-6



Chemical
Xylcne (mined isomers)
Trkhlorocthyknc
Toluene
Chlorodifhioromethane
Methyl e«hyl ketone
Glycol eifiers
Chromium
Tctrachlotoothylcne
Dkhloromettuinc
Manganese
Methyl tobutyl ketone
Ammonia
Nkkel
1,1,1-Trfchloroelhtne
l.l-DichlOFO-l-fluoroctbanc
(HCFC-141b)
Subtotal
Toul for SIC Code 35
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
5,221,840
1,991,696
1,804,667
1,394,037
1,347,671
1,173,680
41,482
742,012
647,709
60,527
596,640
521,481
33.869
440,181
412,154

16,429,646
19,038,797
On-site Land Releases
Surface Underground Injection RCRA Other
Water Class I Class II-V Subtitle C On-site Land
Discharges Wells Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
1
5
0
0
0
16,366
698
250
0
2,136
0
500
961
1
0

20,918
34,089
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,627
0
0
1,512
0
0
0
0
0

7,139
7,144
0
0
0
1
0
0
48,425
0
0
9,769
0
0
3,057
0
0

61,252
121,101
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
5,221,841
1,991,701
1,804,667
1,394,038
1,347,671
1,190,046
96,232
742,262
647,709
73,944
596,640
521,981
37,887
440,182
412,154

16,518,955
19,201,131
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
943
1,580
235
4,008
0
28,745
724,371
755
0
527,081
0
0
410,715
0
6,777

1,705,210
2,859,589
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
5,222,784
1,993,281
1,804,902
1,398,046
1,347,671
1,218,791
820,603
743,017
647,709
601,025
596,640
521,981
448,602
440,182
418,931

18,224,165
22,060,720
Note: On-stte Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.
 used in degreasing metals, among other
 applications. For 12 of the 15 top chemicals,
 including the three top-ranked chemicals, air
 emissions represented 95% or more of the sector's
 total releases. As noted earlier, the farm machinery
 industry (SIC code 3523) reported 2.2 million
 pounds of xylene air emissions, and the
 refrigeration and heating equipment industry (SIC
 code 3585) reported 835,000 pounds of
 trichloroethylene air emissions in 1996.

 Off-site releases (transfers to disposal) were the
 predominant release type reported for the remaining
 three chemicals. The sector reported transfers to
 disposal of 725,000 pounds of chromium, 527,000
 pounds of manganese, and 411,000 pounds of
 nickel.

 OSHA Carcinogens

 On- and off-site releases in this sector of chemicals
 designated OSHA carcinogens totaled 4.3 million
 pounds in 1996, as shown in Table 13-8. (OSHA
 carcinogens and the bases for their designation
 appear in Box 1-9 in Chapter 1.) The majority (3.8
million pounds, or 88.4%) was released to air, and
most of the remainder was released off-site
(transfers to disposal; 490,000 pounds, or 11.5%).

Four of the top 15 chemicals for total releases by
the industrial machinery sector were carcinogens.
These included trichloroethylene with 2.0 million
pounds of releases, tetrachloroethylene with
743,000 pounds, dichloromethane with 648,000
pounds, and nickel with 449,000 pounds. These
chemicals ranked second, eighth, ninth, and
thirteenth, respectively, for total releases reported
by the industrial machinery sector, as shown in
Table 13-7. All three are used in metal cleaning and
degreasing.

The refrigeration and heating equipment industry
(SIC code 3585) reported the sector's largest
releases of OSHA carcinogens, a total of 1.1
million pounds. As mentioned earlier, this included
835,000 pounds of air emissions of
trichloroethylene. The carburetors, pistons, rings,
and valves industry (SIC code 3592) ranked second
for releases of OSHA carcinogens with 793,000
pounds, and the miscellaneous industrial machinery
472
-------
                                                           Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine,
Table 13-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Industrial Machinery,
SIC Code 35 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3585
3592
3599
3545
3559
3511
3568
3534
3566
3569
3564
3594
3548
3562
3519
3533
3579
3561

3546
3523

3589
3549
3536
3555
3544
3556
3531
3537
3593
3535
3586
3596
3577
3565
3567
3552
3581
3532
3547
3542
3554
3582
3524
3563
3572
3541
3571


Industry
Refrigeration & Heating Equipment
Carburetors, Pistons, Rings, Valves
Industrial Machinery, nee*
Machine Tool Accessories
Special Industry Machinery, nee*
Turbines & Turbine Generator Sets
Power Transmission Equipment, nee*
Elevators & Moving Stairways
Speed Changers, Drives, & Gears
General Industrial Machinery, nee*
Blowers & Fans
Fluid Power Pumps & Motors
Welding Apparatus
Ball & Roller Bearings
Internal Combustion Engines, nee*
Oil & Gas Field Machinery
Office Machines, nee*
Pumps & Pumping Equipment
Multiple within SIC Code 35
Power-driven Handtools
Farm Machinery & Equipment
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 35
Service Industry Machinery, nee*
Metalworking Machinery, nee*
Hoists, Cranes, & Monorails
Printing Trades Machinery
Special Dies, Tools, Jigs & Fixtures
Food Products Machinery
Construction Machinery
Industrial Trucks & Tractors
Fluid Power Cylinders & Actuators
Conveyors & Conveying Equipment
Measuring & Dispensing Pumps
Scales & Balances, Exc. Laboratory
Computer Peripheral Equipment, nee*
Packaging Machinery
Industrial Furnaces & Ovens
Textile Machinery
Automatic Vending Machines
Mining Machinery
Rolling Mill Machinery
Machine Tools, Metal Forming Types
Paper Industries Machinery
Commercial Laundry Equipment
Lawn & Garden Equipment
Air & Gas Compressors
Computer Storage Devices
Machine Tools, Metal Cutting Types
Electronic Computers
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 35
On-site Land Releases
Surface Underground Injection RCRA Other
Total Air Water Class I Class II-V Subtitle C On-site Land
Emissions Discharges Wells Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
1,092,190
710,199
184,665
176,826
137,484
11,595
144,632
137,604
107,793
110,751
88,877
86,166
81,999
25,216
49,647
23,119
49,369
43,563
25,440
44,573
38,090
42,250
40,455
35,800
28,274
31,581
29,038
24,285
23,396
21,256
16,164
16,659
16,751
13,442
12,538
11,693
10,010
8,955
2,800
1,961
1,060
1,168
510
250
0
461
38
35
1
3,760,629
19,038,797
66
5
0
0
5
432
250
0
0
0
1
0
0
16
8
0
0
8
9
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
255
255
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,826
34,089
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7,144
105
0
5
0
500
250
41
5
0
0
0
0
0
1,285
0
45
0
221
9
0
0
0
0
0
110
0
0
0
250
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
270
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
5
0
0
0
3,361
121,101
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
1,092,361
710,204
184,670
176,826
137,989
12,277
144,923
137,609
107,793
110,751
88,878
86,166
81,999
26,517
49,655
23,164
49,369
43,792
25,458
44,579
38,090
42,250
40,455
35,800
28,384
31,581
29,288
24,540
23,901
21,516
16,164
16,659
16,751
13,442
12,538
11,693
10,280
8,955
2,800
1,961
1,060
1,168
520
500
0
466
38
35
1
3,765,816
19,201,131
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
8,256
82,731
765
6,645
45,276
166,156
791
85
7,701
2,887
23,386
5,293
3,756
52,106
8,117
29,139
250
5,199
21,360
0
6,105
280
158
1,500
3,368
0
251
2,738
102
0
1,476
500
0
0
0
0
505
1,005
0
214
560
264
500
250
500
5
0
0
0
490,180
2,859,589
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
1,100,617
792,935
185,435
183,471
183,265
178,433
145,714
137,694
115,494
113,638
112,264
91,459
85,755
78,623
57,772
52,303
49,619
48,991
46,818
44,579
44,195
42,530
40,613
37,300
31,752
31,581
29,539
27,278
24,003
21,516
17,640
17,159
16,751
13,442
12,538
11,693
.10,785
9,960
2,800
2,175
1,620
1,432
1,020
750
500
471
38
35
1
4,255,996
22,060,720
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                       473
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          Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
                1,200.000
                1,000,000-
                 800.000
                 600,000-
                 400,000-
                 200,000
           D Transfers Off-site to Disposal
           ta Other On-site Land Releases
           O RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
           QUIJ, Class II-V Wells
           HUIJ, Class I Wells
           • Surface Water
           • Air
                           3585
                                       3592
                                                   3599
                                                               3545
                                                                           3559
       Figure 13-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
                     Largest Totals, 1996:  Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)
Note: On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. UIJ = underground injection.
Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
industry (SIC code 3599) ranked third with 185,000
pounds.

Figure 13-7 shows the on- and off-site releases of
the four-digit SIC codes with the largest OSHA
carcinogen releases.

1996  TRI Chemicals  in
Waste for Industrial
Machinery

The industrial machinery sector reported a total of
169.5 million pounds of total production-related
waste in 1996, as shown in Table 13-9. Nearly half
(47.6%) of this consisted of off-site recycling,
which totaled 80.7 million pounds. On-site
recycling of 49.6 million pounds amounted to
29.3% of total production-related waste. Quantities
released on- and off-site totaled 22.3 million
pounds (13.1%), constituting the third-largest type
of waste management reported by the industrial
machinery sector in 1996.

Figure 13-8 illustrates the distribution of
production-related waste by waste management
method for the industrial machinery sector.

The refrigeration and heating equipment industry
(SIC code 3585) reported 34.3 million pounds of
on-site recycling and 25.8 million pounds of off-
site recycling. These amounts represented,
respectively, two-thirds (69.1%) of the sector's
reported on-site recycling and one-third (32.0%) of
the reported off-site recycling. Together, these two
amounts also represented more than one-third
(35.5%) of all production-related waste reported by
474
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                                                             Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine^
Table 13-9.  Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35
(in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3585
3519

3531
3562
3561
3559
3545
3523
3592
3555
3511
3569
3568
3572
3548
3579
3544
3554
3533
3599
3541
3582
3536
3556
3542
3534
3546
3535
3566
3537
3532
3577
3563
3567
3571
3564
3594
3524
3589
3593
3581

3553
3596
3549
3565
3543
3586
3552
3547

Industry
Refrigeration & Heating Equipment
Internal Combustion Engines, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 35
Construction Machinery
Ball & Roller Bearings
Pumps & Pumping Equipment
Special Industry Machinery, nee*
Machine Tool Accessories
Farm Machinery & Equipment
Carburetors, Pistons, Rings, Valves
Printing Trades Machinery
Turbines & Turbine Generator Sets
General Industrial Machinery, nee*
Power Transmission Equipment, nee*
Computer Storage Devices
Welding Apparatus
Office Machines, nee*
Special Dies, Tools, Jigs & Fixtures
Paper Industries Machinery
Oil & Gas Field Machinery
Industrial Machinery, nee*
Machine Tools, Metal Cutting Types
Commercial Laundry Equipment
Hoists, Cranes, & Monorails
Food Products Machinery
Machine Tools, Metal Forming Types
Elevators & Moving Stairways
Power-driven Handtools
Conveyors & Conveying Equipment
Speed Changers, Drives, & Gears
Industrial Trucks & Tractors
Mining Machinery
Computer Peripheral Equipment, nee*
Air & Gas Compressors
Industrial Furnaces & Ovens
Electronic Computers
Blowers & Fans
Fluid Power Pumps & Motors
Lawn & Garden Equipment
Service Industry Machinery, nee*
Fluid Power Cylinders & Actuators
Automatic Vending Machines
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 35
Woodworking Machinery
Scales & Balances, Exc. Laboratory
Metalworking Machinery, nee*
Packaging Machinery
Industrial Patterns
Measuring & Dispensing Pumps
Textile Machinery
Rolling Mill Machinery
Total for SIC Code 35
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
34,289,502
2,355,177
75,052
749,326
1,398,000
1,141,917
31,166
4,180,054
128,223
667,344
1,780,420
0
0
30,415
0
634,040
909,155
238,351
0
73,992
185,656
775
0
0
192,800
110,785
26,457
10,000
5,194
76,000
76,898
126,000
4,100
54,870
11,205
0
1,200
0
0
90
6,000
0
800
12,000
17,500
0
0
12,583
0
0
0
49,613,047
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
20,702
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
110,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
130,702
Treated
On-site
Pounds
374,395
587,208
44,491
469,568
58,014
0
3,058,980
113,001
148,526
55,263
759,200
110,000
1,311,465
114,672
31,901
99,400
309,912
316,738
186,700
41,062
244,056
150,732
0
196
0
0
0
257,400
73,200
0
0
18,449
356,470
351
0
150
0
150
95,045
26,400
0
12,915
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,543
0
9,438,553
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
25,826,709
5,147,059
6,203,581
2,957,033
4,412,392
4,771,523
2,425,715
438,910
827,783
2,297,995
300,688
2,919,196
882,703
1,947,109
1,678,134
1,351,496
975,441
1,453,147
1,131,990
1,162,616
689,228
937,336
1,112,474
1,074,348
750,719
865,411
461,361
452,015
635,539
554,464
351,002
690,678
61,490
459,004
374,723
228,356
468,910
420,057
165,727
312,348
282,817
29,830
51,335
89,907
3;534
26,085
40,500
0
15,649
3,600
9,378
80,729,045
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
222,437
375,016
43,158
691,520
22,122
46,361
37,838
3,688
299,665
110
3,443
14,900
14,445
35,902
20,324
12,060
57,203
11,517
24,000
32,574
3,872
0
1,200
6,110
0
14,283
62,545
3,359
26,768
0
96,994
0
6,600
4,159
23,031
362,581
8,590
5,408
12,491
966
7,150
27,022
0
2,810
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,644,222
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
432,055
358,268
39,887
199,643
82,860
7,587
104,217
205,045
132,156
129,713
23,790
28,543
493,999
353,811
988,785
87,943
9,797
51,926
17,403
7,121
25,831
54,413
0
2
28,449
30,622
0
206,140
1,660
5
22,006
3,327
418,702
83
43
28,421
6,234
13,688
58,533
0
8,427
1,004
0
30
751
48
0
0
0
1,008
0
4,663,976
Quantity
Released
On- and
Off-site
Pounds
4,388,257
1,536,282
1,007,957
2,050,839
655,462
520,910
253,892
616,769
3,362,596
1,287,405
774,882
302,334
293,738
450,916
135,882
313,484
106,305
54,987
224,127
218,745
265,511
61,218
53,511
43,807
89,688
36,419
506,224
85,730
228,426
329,901
389,855
66,471
56,527
251,299
147,999
18,230
137,881
129,364
207,914
152,433
67,742
72,055
71,077
17,343
98,869
39,807
11,700
37,934
16,751
8,974
9,778
22,266,207
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
65,533,355
10,359,010
7,414,126
7,138,631
6,628,850
6,488,298
5,911,808
5,557,467
4,898,949
4,437,830
3,642,423
3,374,973
2,996,350
2,932,825
2,855,026
2,498,423
2,367,813
2,126,666
1,584,220
1,536,110
1,414,154
1,204,474
1,167,185
1,124,463
1,061,656
1,057,520
1,056,587
1,014,644
970,787
960,370
936,755
904,925
903,889
769,766
667,001
637,738
622,815
568,667
539,710
492,237
372,136
142,826
123,212
122,090
120,654
65,940
52,200
50,517
32,400
26,125
19,156
169,485,752
33,990
2,000
0
529
4
131
0
9,727
100
5
0
0
28
2,000
15
0
0
0
0
53
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1,550
4,307
0
0
1,800
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
56,250
Note:  Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category.  One facility
incorrectly reported 2,400,000 pounds recycled off-site for 1996 under SIC code 3519. The correct amount is 0 pounds. The rank of SIC code 3519 for recycling
off-site changes from 3 to 7.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                          475
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          Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
        Quantity Released
            13,1%
                                    On-site Waste
                                     Management
                                       34.9%
 Off-site Waste'
  Management
    51.9%
 Figure 13-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste,
       1996: Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)
Note: Datt from Section 8 of Form R.

the industrial machinery sector in 1996. This
industry also reported the sector's largest quantities
released, 4.4 million pounds or 19.7% of the total in
that category.

The machine tool accessories industry (SIC code
3545) reported the sector's second-largest amount
of on-site recycling: 4.2 million pounds, or 8.4% of
the total in that category. The multiple-codes group
ranked second for reporting of off-site recycling
with 6.2 million pounds, or 7.7%. The farm
machinery industry (SIC code 3523) reported 3.4
million pounds of releases (15.1% of the total) and
ranked second in that category.

The industrial furnaces and ovens industry (SIC
code 3567) reported 110,000 pounds of on-site
energy recovery, and the construction machinery
industry (SIC code 3531) reported 21,000 pounds.
These were the only industrial machinery industries
to report on-site energy recovery in 1996.

Miscellaneous special industry machinery
production (SIC code 3559) accounted for the
largest reported amount of on-site treatment, with
3.1 million pounds (32.4%),  followed by
miscellaneous general industrial machinery (SIC
code 3569) with 1.3 million pounds (13.9%).
In the remaining off-site waste management
methods, the construction machinery industry (SIC
code 3531) ranked first for off-site energy recovery,
reporting 692,000 pounds (26.2%). Miscellaneous
internal combustion engines (SIC code 3519)
ranked second with 375,000 (14.2%). The
computer storage devices industry (SIC code 3572)
ranked first for off-site treatment, reporting 989,000
pounds (21.2%), and miscellaneous general
industrial machinery (SIC code 3569) ranked
second, reporting 494,000 pounds (10.6%).

Distribution of production-related waste for the top
industries in the sector appears in Figure  13-9.

Projected Quantities of TRI
Chemicals in Waste

Table 13-10 summarizes the industrial machinery
sector's projections for on- and off-site waste
management through 1998. (As explained in
Chapter 1, facilities not only report current data but
project waste management quantities for the next
two years in their TRI submissions.) Total
production-related waste was projected to decrease
by 17.9% (30.3 million pounds) from 169.5 million
pounds in 1996 to 139.2 million pounds in 1998.

The industrial machinery sector projected decreases
in all waste management types except off-site
recycling and off-site treatment. The largest
reduction, in pounds and percent, was projected in
on-site recycling, a 52.8% decrease from 49.6
million pounds in 1996 to 23.4 million pounds in
1998. This would amount to a 26.2 million-pound
reduction. Three facilities in SIC code 3585 that
reported on-site recycling of large amounts of
1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) in 1996, as mentioned
earlier in this chapter, projected zero amounts of
on-site recycling for this chemical in 1998.
Production of TCA, an ozone-depleting chemical,
was banned effective January 1, 1996, under the
United States' implementation of the Montreal
Protocol to reduce ozone-depleting chemicals.
476
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                                                Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine
       40%-
            i
i
                        ^P3



                                                          i
                                              H Quantity Released
                                              • Treated Off-site
                                              M Energy Recovery Off-site
                                              D Recycled Off-site
                                              El Treated On-site
                                              II Energy Recovery On-site
                                              m Recycled On-site
            3585
                  3519
                        Mult.
                              3531
                                   3562
                                         3561
                                               3559
                                                     3545
                                                          3523
                                                                3592
    Figure 13-9. Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                                 Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
Together, these facilities would account for a
reduction of 21.3 million pounds. Another facility
in this industry projected a decrease in on-site
recycling of dichloromethane, an OSHA
carcinogen, from 3.2 million pounds in 1996 to
zero pounds in 1998.

Quantities released were expected to decrease from
22.3 million pounds to 18.1 million pounds, a
reduction of 18.9% or 4.2 million pounds. The
sector also projected a 25.3% reduction, or 2.4
million pounds, in on-site treatment from 9.4
million pounds to 7.0 million pounds.

Smaller reductions were projected for on-site
energy recovery (from 131,000 pounds to 110,000
pounds) and off-site energy recovery (from 2.6
million pounds to 2.2 million pounds),
approximately 15% each.
                             Off-site recycling, the largest type of waste
                             management reported by the sector in 1996, was
                             projected to increase 2.3% from 80.7 million
                             pounds to 82.6 million pounds. Off-site treatment
                             was projected to increase 22.6%, from 4.7 million
                             pounds to 5.7 million pounds. These two projected
                             increases would total an increase of 2.9 million
                             pounds by 1998.

                             Figure 13-10 displays the sector's  projected
                             percentage changes in on-site waste management,
                             off-site waste management, quantities released, and
                             total production-related waste from 1996 to 1998.

                             As shown in Table 13-10, the sector projected a
                             partial shift in where it recycles TRI chemicals in
                             waste, from on-site to off-site, rather than a change
                             in waste management methods. On-site recycling
                             would decrease from 29.3% of total production-
                                                                                                 477
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            Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
Table 13-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998: Industrial Machinery,
SIC Code 35
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Manaaement
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 35
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Manacement
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
"Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 35
Current Year 1996
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
49,613,047 29.3
130,702 0.1
9,438,553 5.6
80,729,045 47.6
2,644,222 1.6
4,663,976 2.8
22,266,207 13.1
169,485,752 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1997
Percent
-21.0
-15.8
-24.8
-1.0
-5.7
13.5
-10.0
-9.0
Projected 1997
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
39,206,456 25.4
110,000 0.1
7,095,423 4.6
79,943,584 51.9
2,493,316 1.6
5,291,662 3.4
20,030,892 13.0
154,171,333 100.0
Projected Change
1997-1998
Percent
-40.2
0.0
-0.7
3.3
-10.1
8.0
-9.9
-9.7
Projected 1998
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
23,438,940 16.8
110,000 0.1
7,048,587 5.1
82,587,823 59.3
2,242,238 1.6
5,717,164 4.1
18,054,244 13.0
139,198,996 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1998
Percent
-52.8
-15.8
-25.3
2.3
-15.2
22.6
-18.9
-17.9
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
 478
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                                               Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine*
       •60
                 On-site Waste
                  Management
Off-site Waste
 Management
Quantity Released
On-site and Off-site
Total Production-
  related Waste
  Figure 13-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
                                Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
related waste in 1996 to 16.8% in 1998, while off-
site recycling would increase from 47.6% to 59.3%.
The proportion of waste managed by other methods
was projected to remain essentially static through
1998.

The industrial machinery sector reported recycling
more than three-fourths (76.9%) of its production-
related waste in 1996 and, as indicated by the
projections, the sector planned to continue that high
level of recycling activity (76.2%) in 1998. In terms
of the waste management hierarchy, explained in
Chapter 1, recycling is the most desirable option for
managing waste that cannot be prevented.
However, the projections suggest no improvement
in relation to the proportion (13%) of its waste that
the sector reported as releases.
               Source Reduction Activity

               In 1996, the industrial machinery sector submitted
               510 forms that indicated one or more source
               reduction activities underway, as shown in Table
               13-11. These forms represented 18.3% of the
               sector's total submissions for 1996. The
               refrigeration and heating equipment industry (SIC
               code 3585) filed 106 of these forms, 23.3% of its
               submissions and the largest number submitted by
               any industrial machinery industry in 1996. In the
               farm machinery industry (SIC code 3523), 61 forms
               indicated source reduction activity, which was
               34.1% of that industry's submissions. Two other
               industries in this sector submitted more than 30
               forms indicating source reduction activity in 1996:
               construction machinery (SIC code 3531) with 39
                                                                                               479
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             Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery


 Table 13-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activities
SIC
Code Industry

3S11 Turbines & Turbine Generator Sets
3S19 Internal Combustion Engines, nee*
3523 Farm Machinery & Equipment
3524 Lawn & Garden Equipment
3531 Ceiu'.ructicn Machinery
3532 Mining Machinery
3533 Oil & Gas Field Machinery
3534 Elevators & Moving Stairways
3535 Conveyors & Conveying Equipment
3536 Hoisli, Cranes, & Monorails
3537 Industrial Trucks & Tractors
3541 Machine Tools, Metal Cutting Types
3542 Machine Tools, Metal Forming Types
3543 Industrial Patterns
3544 Special Dies, Tools, Jigs & Fixtures
3545 Machine Tool Accessories
3546 Power-driven Handtools
3547 Rolling Mill Machinery
3543 Welding Apparatus
3549 Mewlwoc king Machinery, nee*
3552 Textile Machinery
3553 Woodworking Machinery
3554 Paper Industries Machinery
3555 Priming Trades Machinery
3556 Food Products Machinery
3559 Special Indmtry Machinery, nee*
3561 Pumps & Pumping Equipment
3562 Ball & Roller Bearings
3563 Air & Gas Compressors
3564 Blowers & Fans
3565 Packaging Machinery
3566 Speed Changers, Drives, & Gears
3567 Industrial Furnaces & Ovens
3568 Power Transmission Equipment, nee*
3569 General Industrial Machinery, nee*
357 1 Electronic Computers
3572 Computer Storage Devices
3577 Cowpmcr Peripheral Equipment, nee*
3579 Office Machines, nee*
3581 Au;c malic Vending Machines
3532 Commercial Laundry Equipment
3585 Refrigeration & Keating Equipment
35S6 Measuring & Dispensing Pumps
3589 Service Industry Machinery, nee*
355*2 Carburetors, Pistons, Rings, Valves
3593 Fluid Power Cylinders & Actuators
3594 Fluid Power Pumps & Motors
3596 Series & Balances, Exc. Laboratory
3599 Industrial Machinery, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 35
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 35
Total for SIC Code 35
Total
Forms
Number
44
163
179
37
202
37
62
35
36
19
58
42
19
6
52
50
30
12
46
7
4
6
35
14
35
72
137
152
42
47
5
45
33
54
56
12
13
16
24
22
11
455
3
41
58
18
26
6
54
145
14
2,791
Good
Catecorv of Source Reduction Activity
Raw Surface
Spill Material Process Cleaning Preparation Product
Percent of Operating Inventory and Leak Modifi- Modifi- and and Modifl-
AI1 Forms Practices Control Prevention cations cations Degreasing Finishing Cations
Number
13
19
61
7
39
1
12
10
5
0
11
2
3
2
8
8
5
0
12
0
1
0
0
0
3
24
8
32
11
5
1
2
6
5
1
1
9
7
3
9
4
106
1
10
8
1
1
1
12
18
2
510
Percent
29.5
11.7
34.1
18.9
19.3
2.7
19.4
28.6
13.9
0.0
19.0
4.8
15.8
33.3
15.4
16.0
16.7
0.0
26.1
0.0
25.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.6
33.3
5.8
21.1
26.2
10.6
20.0
4.4
18.2
9.3
1.8
8.3
69.2
43.8
12.5
40.9
36.4
23.3
33.3
24.4
13.8
5.6
3.8
16.7
22.2
12.4
14.3
18.3
Number Number Number Number Number
6
5
19
1
9
0
2
0
1
0
5
0
0
1
2
4
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
11
5
16
2
0
0
0
1
4
0
0
3
5
2
0
0
59
1
8
5
1
1
1
5
4
1
195
4
1
4
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
9
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
1
0
36
0
0
1
1
6
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
.. 0
0
0
0
0
1
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
39
0
5
11
0
6
1
0
4
1
0
0
1
0
0
5
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
7
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
14
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
70
6
6
17
1
12
0
4
4
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
2
2
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
9
2
0
0
1
4
1
1
0
5
0
0
3
0
26
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
129
Number
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
- 1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
3
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
10
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
35
Number Number
2
3
17
5
11
0
4
1
1
0
6
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
4
0
8
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
12
0
91
5
5
4
0
2
0
3
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
2
2
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
22
0
0
Q
0
0
0
2
2
0
64
Notes: Forms with more than one4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
"nee: not elsewhere classified.
 480
-------
                                            Chapter 13 — TRl Data for Industrial Machine*
such forms (19.3% of its forms) and ball and roller
bearings (SIC code 3562) with 32 forms (21.1%).

Improvements in operating practices were the most
frequently reported source reduction activity (195
forms). Process modifications, which more often
indicate innovative actions to reduce TRI chemicals
in waste at their source, were the second most
frequently reported source reduction activity, cited
on 129 forms. Surface preparation and finishing
ranked third with 91 forms.

Year-to-Year

Comparisons for

Industrial Machinery

1995-1996 TRI Data for Industrial
Machinery
From 1995 to 1996, the number of forms submitted
with industrial machinery SIC codes decreased
4.5%, as shown in Table 13-12. Although the
number of Form A certification statements
submitted was small, Form A submissions
increased 19.4%. (The Form A certification
statement is explained in Chapter 1.) This may
reflect more widespread awareness of the Form A
certification statement in its second year of
availability.

On- and Off-site Releases
On- and off-site releases reported by the industrial
machinery sector decreased 15.8% from 1995  to
1996, as shown in Table 13-12. The sector reported
26.2 million pounds of total releases in 1995 and
22.1 million pounds in 1996. The largest reduction
(in pounds) was reported in air emissions, which
decreased from 22.6 million pounds to 19.0 million
pounds. Approximately one-third of the decrease in
releases to air was reported in fugitive emissions
and two-thirds in point-source emissions. The net
reduction in air emissions was 15.6%. The sector
reported only small amounts of other types of on-
site releases in the two years.

Reported off-site releases (transfers to disposal)
also decreased, from 3.5 million pounds in 1995 to
2.9 million pounds in 1996, a 17.4% reduction.

Figure 13-11 shows the sector's percentage change
in on- and off-site release types for 1995 to 1996.

Other On-site Waste Management

The industrial machinery sector reported a
reduction in other on-site waste management from
69.7 million pounds in 1995 to 59.2 million pounds
in 1996. These data also appear in Table 13-12. The
15.1% reduction in total other on-site waste
management resulted largely from an 18.5%
decrease in on-site recycling, from 60.8 million
pounds to 49.6 million pounds. This reduction
included decreases of approximately 6 million
pounds each by two of the three facilities that
reported large amounts of on-site recycling of
1,1,1-trichlorethane in 1996.

The industrial machinery sector's reported on-site
energy recovery was also reduced, from 188,000
pounds in 1995 to 131,000 pounds in 1996 (a
30.4% reduction). The sector reported an 8.3%
increase in on-site treatment, from 8.7 million
pounds to 9.4 million pounds.

Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

Table 13-12 also presents transfers off-site for
further waste management reported by the
industrial machinery sector in 1995 and 1996. The
sector reported an increase of 3.1%, from 71.8
million pounds to 74.1 million pounds. The sector
reported an increase in transfers  to recycling from
63.6 million pounds to 64.0 million pounds.
However, this included reporting errors by two
facilities. One facility, previously mentioned,
reported 2.4 million pounds of transfers to
                                                                                          481
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              Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
 Table 13-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site
 for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Manaeement
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1995
Number
1,102
2,924
2,780
144
Pounds

22,560,364
7,824,579
14,735,785
27,604
0
154,722
22,742,690

3,460,216
26,202,906

60,837,599
187,816
8,718,746
69,744,161

63,576,274
3,132,512
1,714,030
3,396,326
2,055
71,821,197

1996
Number
1,087
2,791
2,619
172
Pounds

19,038,797
6,665,652
12,373,145
34,089
0
128,245
19,201,131

2,859,589
22,060,720

49,613,047
130,702
9,438,553
59,182,302

64,012,061
2,530,890
1,316,961
4,168,245
2,025,681
74,053,838
Change
1995 to 1996
Percent
-1.4
-4.5
-5.8
19.4
Percent

-15.6
-14.8
-16.0
23.5
—
-17.1
-15.6

-17.4
-15.8

-18.5
-30.4
8.3
-15.1

0.7
-19.2
-23.2
22.7
98,473.3
3.1
Note: On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste
Management from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of
Form R. Breakdown of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code. One facility incorrectly reported 2,400,000 pounds of transfers to recycling for 1996. The correct amount is 0 pounds. Another facility
incorrectly reported 29 pounds of transfers to recycling for 1995. The correct amount is 1,272,858 pounds. The percentage change from 1995 to 1996 in transfers
to recycling chunges from 0.7% to -5.0% and in total transfers off-site for further waste management changes from 3.1% to -1.9%.
 482
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                                                 Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine,
                                    Surface
                                     Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
 Transfers
  Off-site
to Disposal
           Figure 13-11.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:
                                 Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995.                            '
recycling in error in 1996. Another facility reported
29 pounds of transfers to recycling in 1995, but
should have reported nearly 1.3 million pounds.
When these errors are taken into account, the
sector's reported transfers to recycling show a
reduction from 1995 to 1996 of 3.2 million pounds
(a decrease of 5.0%), and total transfers off-site for
further waste management show a reduction of 1.4
million pounds (a decrease of 1.9%).

The sector reported an increase in transfers to
POTWs from 3.4 million pounds to 4.2 million
pounds The sector reported decreases in transfers to
energy recovery (from 3.1 million pounds to 2.5
million pounds) and in transfers to treatment (from
 1.7 million pounds to 1.3 million pounds).
  The largest increase in transfers off-site for further
  waste management resulted from forms that
  reported amounts with invalid codes or no codes to
  indicate the type of transfer. These errors rose from
  2,000 pounds in 1995 to 2.0 million pounds in
  1996. One facility reported 2.0 million pounds of
  transfers with invalid codes in 1996, including 1.8
  million pounds of dichloromethane. In previous
  years, this facility reported most of its off-site
  transfers as transfers to recycling.

  Changes in SIC Codes

  As indicated in facility descriptions below, some
  facilities report different SIC codes over time. This
  may reflect new or discontinued lines of
  production, or it may represent a different
  understanding of how SIC code designations relate
                                                                                                  483
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          Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
 to a facility's business activities. These changes can
 contribute—sometimes largely—to apparent
 increases or decreases across comparison years in
 the amounts reported by the four-digit, or even two-
 digit, SIC codes.

 1988-1996 TRI Data for Industrial
 Machinery

 As explained in Chapter 1, comparisons from the
 1988 TRI baseline year to the current year rely on
 the list of "core" TRI chemicals that were
 reportable, with the same reporting definition, in all
 years. These multi-year comparisons also review
 only the data elements that were collected in all
 years, which excludes from this section any
 analysis that distinguishes RCRA subtitle C
 landfills from other land releases as well as analysis
 based on the types of underground injection wells.
 On-site waste management data and transfers off-
 site to recycling and to energy recovery have been
 collected only since 1991; these data are included,
 but cannot be compared across the full 1988-1996
 period.

 Table 13-13 summarizes the sector's TRI data for
 1988 to 1996. The number of forms submitted by
 the industrial machinery sector showed little net
 change  from 1988 (2,463 forms) to 1996 (2,456
 forms), although more forms were submitted in this
 sector in 1994 and 1995.

 The industrial machinery sector reported a 72.5%
 reduction in total on- and off-site releases from
 1988 to 1996, as shown in Table 13-13. The sector
 reported 69.7 million pounds of total releases in
 1988 and 19.2 million pounds in 1996. Much of
 this 50.6 million-pound reduction occurred in
 reported air emissions, which totaled 59.1 million
 pounds  in 1988 and 16.3 million pounds in 1996.
 Fugitive and point-source emissions each
 accounted for roughly half of this 42.9 million-
 pound reduction in releases to air. The industrial
 machinery sector reported  10.3 million pounds of
 off-site  releases (transfers to disposal) in 1988 and
 2.7 million pounds in 1996. Percentage reductions
 in air emissions and in transfers to disposal were
 both approximately 73%. Figure 13-12 illustrates
 the sector's percentage change in on- and off-site
 releases for 1988 to 1996.

 The sector reported only small amounts of surface
 water discharges and on-site land releases from
 1988 to 1996, both of which also decreased as
 shown in Table 13-13. No underground injection
 was reported.

 On-site waste management and transfers off-site for
 recycling or energy recovery were  not collected in
 1988. For the 1994-1996 period, on-site recycling
 decreased from 68.4 million pounds to 47.9 million
 pounds (a 20.5 million-pound  reduction). This
 accounted for most of the overall decrease in other
 on-site waste management, from 73.2 million
 pounds to 55.4 million pounds (a 17.9 million-
 pound reduction). On-site treatment increased from
 4.8 million pounds to 7.5 million pounds (an
 increase of 2.7 million pounds). The sector reported
 very little on-site energy recovery.

 For the full comparison period, 1988 to 1996,
 transfers to treatment decreased 85.1%, from 8.2
 million pounds to 1.2 million pounds, while
 transfers to POTWs increased  67.6%, from 1.5
 million pounds to 2.6 million pounds.

 As noted earlier in this chapter, production of
 industrial machinery increased by more than 50%,
 while the sector's reporting of releases and waste
 management decreased by even larger percentages
 from 1988 to  1996. (TRI facilities report absolute
 amounts of waste managed and of environmental
releases, not adjusted for changes in production
levels.) One factor has been the United States' ban
on production of ozone-depleting chemicals such as
 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA). As discussed above,
facilities that reported large amounts of recycling of
TCA were already reducing these amounts by 1996
and expected to eliminate them by  1998.
484
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                                                                Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine,
Table 13-13.  Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site
for Further Waste Management, 1994-1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management *
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1988
Number
1,017
2,463
2,463
NA
Pounds

59,123,683
24,892,112
34,231,571
147,837
0
216,387
59,487,907

10,259,389
69,747,296

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
8,165,084
1,529,736
1,895,070
NA

1994
Number
1,028
2,573
2,573
NA
Pounds

23,568,657
7,297,586
16,271,071
106,126
0
153,872
23,828,655

3,291,560
27,120,215

68,376,171
67,313
4,777,889
73,221,373

60,984,257
3,013,190
1,640,838
1,847,024
8,899
67,494,208

1995
Number
1,001
2,532
2,431
101
Pounds

19,603,851
5,858,731
13,745,120
17,164
0
103,861
19,724,876

3,126,757
22,851,633

58,973,068
57,816
4,556,760
63,587,644

61,496,394
3,018,079
1,545,286
2,312,926
1,755
68,374,440

1996
Number
990
2,456
2,332
124
Pounds

16,272,214
4,835,762
11,436,452
27,668
0
127,557
16,427,439

2,734,615
19,162,054

47,879,059
20,702
7,451,458
55,351,219

62,044,697
2,525,352
1,212,687
2,563,405
2,025,636
70,371,777
Change
1988 to 1996
Percent
-2.7
-0.3
-5.3
NA
Percent

-72.5
-80.6
-66.6
-81.3
-
-41.1
-72.4

-73.3
-72.5

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
-85.1
67.6
6.9
NA
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste Management
from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Farther Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown
of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996. For 1994-1996, Other Off-site Transfers ate transfers reported without a valid
waste management code.  For 1988, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code or codes not required to be reported in
1988. One facility incorrectly reported 1,500,000 pounds for 1994 and 2,400,000 pounds for 1996 of transfers to recycling. The correct amounts are 0 pounds.
Another facility incorrectly reported 29 pounds of transfers to recycling in 1995.  The correct amount is 1,272,858 pounds. NA: not required to be reported in that
year.
                                                                                                                                485
-------
iliiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiili'dB^BU
•—_—
          Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
        •10
        -20
        -30
        •40
        •60
        -60
        -70
        -80
        -90
                     Air
                                     Surface
                                      Water
Underground
   injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
 Transfers
  Off-site
to Disposal
            Figure 13-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996:
                                  Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-sltc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996.
 1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in
 Industrial Machinery

 Tables 13-14 through 13-16 summarize data for
 1988 and 1994-1996 for industries at the four-digit
 SIC code level within SIC code 35. The tables
 present, respectively, on- and off-site releases,
 other on-site waste management, and transfers off-
 site for further waste management.

 On- and Off-site Releases

 The refrigeration and heating equipment industry
 (SIC code 3585) reported the sector's largest
 decrease in releases. This industry reported 16.8
 million pounds of releases in 1988 and 2.8 million
 pounds in 1996. The miscellaneous internal
   combustion engines industry (SIC code 3519)
   ranked second, reporting 5.3 million pounds in
   1988 and 1.4 million pounds in 1996. In both
   industries, air emissions accounted for the majority
   of the reduction. The welding apparatus industry
   (SIC code 3548) ranked third with a decrease from
   3.5 million pounds to 237,000 pounds, but this
   reflected a reporting error in 1988 of 2.9 million
   pounds by one facility that should have reported in
   SIC code 2899 (miscellaneous chemical
   preparations).

   The farm machinery industry (SIC code 3523)
   ranked first for increased releases, reporting 3.0
   million pounds in 1988 and 3.7 million pounds in
  1996. The fluid power pumps and motors industry
   (SIC code 3594) reported the second-largest
486
-------
                                               Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine*
increase, from 57,000 pounds to 128,000 pounds.
In both of these industries, reported releases
decreased from 1994 to 1996. Ranking third, the
non-laboratory scales and balances industry (SIC
code 3596) reported 38,000 pounds in 1988 and
98,000 pounds in 1996 (although the 1995 level
was 180,000 pounds). Only one other industry in
this sector showed an increase from 1988 to 1996.
The industrial patterns industry (SIC code 3543)
reported an increase of less than 1,000 pounds from
1988 to 1996. In all four industries, air emissions
were the largest factor in the increase.

Table 13-14 provides release data for all four-digit
SIC codes in the industrial machinery sector, for
1988-1996.

Other On-site Waste Management

The refrigeration and heating equipment industry
(SIC code 3585) also reported the sector's largest
decrease in other on-site waste management, from
51.2 million in 1994 to 33.0 million in 1996 (on-
site waste management data were not collected in
1988). On-site recycling accounted for this
reduction. The printing trades machinery industry
(SIC code 3555) ranked second with a reduction
from 3.2 million pounds to 2.5 million pounds. This
decrease was also attributable to on-site recycling,
although offset in part by increasing on-site
treatment.

Miscellaneous office machines (SIC code 3579)
ranked third for decreases, reporting 1.6 million
pounds in 1994 and 1.0 million pounds in 1996,
reflecting decreases in both on-site recycling and
on-site treatment. However, this industry reported
only 73,000 pounds of other on-site waste
management in 1995. One facility reported in SIC
code 3579 in 1994 and 1996, but reported in SIC
code 3861 (photographic equipment and supplies)
in 1995. This facility reported increasing amounts
of on-site recycling of dichloromethane (from
396,000 pounds in 1994 to 621,000 in 1996) and
methyl ethyl ketone (from zero pounds in 1994 to
 230,000 pounds in 1996). On-site recycling that
 this facility reported in 1995, however, is not
 included in SIC code 3579 because the facility filed
 that year in SIC code 3861. The facility's 1995
 reports included on-site recycling of 510,000
 pounds of dichloromethane and 75,000 pounds of
 methyl ethyl ketone.

 The miscellaneous special industry machinery
 industry (SIC code 3559) reported the largest
 increase in on-site waste management in the
 industrial machinery sector for 1994 to 1996. This
 industry's increase—from 698,000 pounds to 3.1
 million pounds—reflects an increase by one facility
 from 290,000 pounds of on-site treatment of
 ethylene oxide in  1994 to 2.7 million pounds in
 1996 when it installed new on-site treatment
 equipment (see "Facilities with Large Increases and
 Decreases in Waste Management,  1991-1996,"
 later in this chapter).

 The machine tool  accessories industry (SIC code
 3545) ranked second for increases  with 3.7 million
 pounds in 1994 and 4.3 million pounds in 1996.
 The carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves industry
 (SIC code 3592) ranked third, with an increase
 from 195,000 pounds to 710,000 pounds. In both
 industries, 1995 levels were lower, and in both
 industries, the increase principally involved on-site
 recycling.

 On-site waste management data for 1994-1996
 appear in Table 13-15.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 The multiple-codes group in SIC code 35 ranked
 first for decreased reporting of transfers off-site for
 further waste management in the industrial
 machinery sector from 1994 to 1996 (data for some
 types of off-site transfers were not collected in
 1988). Multiple-codes forms reported 8.0 million
pounds in 1994 and 5.1 million pounds in 1996.
Almost all of the reduction was reported in
transfers to recycling.
                                                                                             487
-------
             Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
Table 13-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Industrial Machinery,
SIC Code 35
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3511



3519



3523



3524



3531



3532



3533



3534



3535



3536



3537



Industry
Turbines & Turbine Generator Sets



Internal Combustion Engines, nee*



Bum Machinery & Equipment



Lawn & Garden Equipment



Construction Machinery



Mining Machinery



Oil & Gas Held Machinery



Elevators & Moving Stairways



Conveyors & Conveying Equipment



Hoists, Cranes, & Monorails



Industrial Trucks & Tractors



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
44,897
118,868
319,874
1,123,673
1,084,132
999,829
1,829,630
4,771,780
3,658,350
3,903,924
4,596,354
2,951,265
236,172
361,766
406,184
682,461
1,769,366
2,375,767
1,874,406
2,424,542
64,703
56,416
55,189
185,758
136,511
199,312
275,255
505,726
499,147
517,244
414,401
1,112,066
292,645
329,998
223,546
336,898
35,873
81,536
100,355
285,102
386,992
570,915
467,642
590,335
1,600
467
281
42,674
192
15
20
2,502
224
460
226
1,207
0
0
0
0
18,458
12,609
8,707
4,494
5
5
5
0
264
51
72
256
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
255
260
260
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
500
0
1,750
155
477
1
17
0
100
9,153
60,959
80,350
0
0
0
0
53,333
28,873
27,135
54,991
0
0
1,000
0
54
0
0
3,400
15
20
15
0
255
5
5
0
250
500
0
0
20
10
10
0
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
46,997
119,335
321,905
1,166,502
1,084,801
999,845
1,829,667
4,774,282
3,658,674
3,913,537
4,657,539
3,032,822
236,172
361,766
406,184
682,461
1,841,157
2,417,249
1,910,248
2,484,027
64,708
56,421
56,194
185,758
136,829
199,363
275,327
509,382
499,162
517,264
414,416
1,112,066
292,900
330,003
223,551
336,898
36,123
82,036
100,355
285,102
387,267
571,185
467,912
590,335
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
239,962
8,382
13,446
64,081
351,226
343,357
467,522
505,233
38,435
43,424
55,938
17,131
2,000
0
0
44,224
87,765
114,022
139,739
552,318
2,633
39,246
38,473
22,550
55,091
41,445
71,843
40,317
340
811
753
9,360
1,250
750
500
11,207
9,142
4,685
1,136
4
1,055
850
840
35,235
286,959
127,717
335,351
1,230,583
1,436,027
1,343,202
2,297,189
5,279,515
3,697,109
3,956,961
4,713,477
3,049,953
238,172
361,766
406,184
726,685
1,928,922
2,531,271
2,049,987
3,036,345
67,341
95,667
94,667
208,308
191,920
240,808
347,170
549,699
499,502
518,075
415,169
1,121,426
294,150
330,753
224,051
348,105
45,265
86,721
101,491
285,106
388,322
572,035
468,752
625,570
Note: On-sJte Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digtt SIC Code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3861 for total releases in 1995. The
facility should have reported in SIC code 3579. The incorrectly reported amount was 141,121 pounds of total releases. Another facility reported incorrectly in
SK code 3548 for 1988. The facility should have reported in SIC code 2899. The incorrectly reported amounts were 43,810 pounds of total air emissions and
2,902304 pounds of transfers off-site to disposal.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 488
-------
                                                                Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine*
Table 13-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Industrial Machinery,
SIC Code 35, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3541



3542



3543



3544


3545



3546



3547


3548


3549


3552


3553


Industry
Machine Tools, Metal Cutting Types



Machine Tools, Metal Forming Types



Industrial Patterns



Special Dies, Tools, Jigs & Fixtures


Machine Tool Accessories



Power-driven Handtools



Rolling Mill Machinery


Welding Apparatus


Metalworking Machinery, nee*


Textile Machinery


Woodworking Machinery


Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
37,960
48,544
59,321
458,199
21,669
34,900
11,447
298,995
0
12,111
750
11,819
30,925
7,087
1,657
433,171
200,122
186,360
239,835
338,496
95,501
129,875
78,525
656,720
3,124
3,206
2,656
40,250
169,850
284,312
387,140
598,644
37,307
37,603
49,000
197,844
8,974
24,699
37,810
146,178
12,443
15,501
16,087
62,745
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
0
0
0
0
0
13,825
500
23
13
33
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
42,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
260
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,400
0
15,794
13,027
13,889
0
250
250
250
0
3,424
3,593
3,305
0
0
275
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
37,960
48,544
59,581
458,449
21,669
34,900
11,450
298,995
0
12,111
750
11,819
31,425
7,087
4,057
433,171
215,916
199,387
267,549
338,996
95,774
130,138
78,808
656,720
6,548
6,799
5,961
40,250
169,850
284,587
387,140
598,644
37,307
37,603
49,000
197,844
8,974
24,699
37,810
146,178
12,443
15,501
16,087
104,745
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
23,822
12,885
11,364
82,050
14,250
9,687
13,414
16,160
12,778
4,893
6,302
0
6,586
13,897
5,391
250
372,165
386,386
401,305
365,927
3,150
4,150
11,115
682,570
2,730
33,680
28,020
32,995
67,332
65,097
138,301
2,942,368
3,000
2,600
1
35,879 -
1,005
1,200
250
10,286
4,860
0
0
40
61,782
61,429
70,945
540,499
35,919
44,587
24,864
315,155
12,778
17,004
7,052
11,819
38,011
20,984
9,448
433,421
588,081
585,773
668,854
704,923
98,924
134,288
89,923
1,339,290
9,278
40,479
33,981
73,245
237,182
349,684
525,441
3,541,012
40,307
40,203
49,001
233,723
9,979
25,899
38,060
156,464
17,303
15,501
16,087
104,785
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3861 for total releases in 1995. The
 facility should have reported in SIC code 3579.  The incorrectly reported amount was 141,121 pounds of total releases. Another facility reported incorrectly in
 SIC code 3548 for 1988. The facility should have reported in SIC code 2899. The incorrectly reported amounts were 43,810 pounds of total air emissions and
 2,902,304 pounds of transfers off-site to disposal.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                                 489
-------
 1       Jljljfc
 •HH^
             Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery


Table 13-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Industrial Machinery,
SIC Code 35, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3554



3555



3556



3559



3561



3562



3563



3564



3565



3566



3567



Industry
Paper Industries Machinery



Printing Tirades Machinery



Food Products Machinery



Special Industry Machinery, nee*



Pumps & Pumping Equipment



Ball & Roller Bearings



Air & Gas Compressors



Blowers & Fans



Packaging Machinery



Speed Changers, Drives, & Gears



Industrial Furnaces & Ovens



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
59,429
69,425
56,384
115,546
777,050
778,819
1,035,723
2,423,985
28,947
38,606
51,834
127,573
248,005
285,051
696,666
1,241,560
125,698
160,457
190,609
1,470,915
74,322
308,398
347,730
2,387,182
167,755
143,032
210,563
152,587
154,213
267,480
197,989
479,541
11,708
31,270
93,951
13,723
111,044
221,734
255,289
531,065
137,005
167,789
159,695
620,065
20
25
20
0
0
15
20
500
510
510
10
0
10
265
10
0
54
55
118
23
371
607
608
1,261
23
15
20
500
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
2,618
0
0
0
0
85
0
0
0
5
10
0
756
10
5
250
1,433
2,701
4,445
412
33,530
40,103
26,859
1,304
2,190
270
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
307
0
19
790
540
1,005
0
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
62,067
69,450
56,404
115,546
777,050
778,919
1,035,743
2,424,485
29,457
39,121
51,854
127,573
248,771
285,326
696,681
1,241,810
127,185
163,213
195,172
1,471,350
108,223
349,108
375,197
2,389,747
169,968
143,317
210,603
153,087
154,214
267,480
197,989
479,541
11,708
31,270
93,951
13,723
111,049
222,041
255,289
531,334
137,795
168,329
160,700
620,065
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
1,000
18,840
12,327
1,798,910
0
0
500
3,502
54,199
82,444
80,347
70,200
62,574
21,569
37,521
78,167
39,907
51,245
48,286
117,048
267,064
503,107
477,710
612,985
33,303
26,777
21,098
579,249
64,323
52,409
43,329
9,750
0
250
0
10,797
95,276
198,664
164,222
112,802
2,005
1,533
12,925
1,439
63,067
88,290
68,731
1,914,456
777,050
778,919
1,036,243
2,427,987
83,656
121,565
132,201
197,773
311,345
306,895
734,202
1,319,977
167,092
214,458
243,458
1,588,398
375,287
852,215
852,907
3,002,732
203,271
170,094
231,701
732,336
218,537
319,889
241,318
489,291
11,708
31,520
93,951
24,520
206,325
420,705
419,511
644,136
139,800
169,862
173,625
621,504
Mole: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-dlgit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3861 for total releases in 1995. The
facility should have reported in SIC code 3579. The incorrectly reported amount was 141,121 pounds of total releases. Another facility reported incorrectly in
SIC code 3548 for 1988. The facility should have reported in SIC code 2899. The incorrectly reported amounts were 43,810 pounds of total air emissions and
2,902^04 pounds of transfers off-site to disposal.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 490
-------
                                                                Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine*
Table 13-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Industrial Machinery,
SIC Code 35, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3568


3569


3571


3572


3577


3578



3579



3581


3582


3585


3586


Industry
Power Transmission Equipment, nee*


General Industrial Machinery, nee*


Electronic Computers


Computer Storage Devices


Computer Peripheral Equipment, nee*


Calculating & Accounting Equipment



Office Machines, nee*



Automatic Vending Machines


Commercial Laundry Equipment


Refrigeration & Heating Equipment
i

Measuring & Dispensing Pumps


Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground Releases
Emissions Discharges Injection to Land
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
158,829
166,771
151,772
298,244
196,829
226,561
532,050
1,104,276
17,778
58,664
117,628
671,566
208
2,958
51,344
1,383,856
37,102
36,345
40,590
943,381
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
21,000
102,823
28,703
285,905
404,995
48,023
134,290
300,156
501,015
53,957
56,267
67,463
58,808
2,584,860
3,359,544
4,072,687
16,284,657
16,751
9,570
4,585
27,100
505
505
505
0
0
0
0
25,260
0
0
0
22
0
0
78,659
9,145
0
0
0
764



0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
0
3,110
859
1,257
9,454
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
511
0
0
276
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0



0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7,240
750
5
750
0
2,258
2,835
2,679
1,850
0
0
0
0
Off-site
Releases
Total Transfers Total On-
On-site Off-site to and Off-site
Releases Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds
159,845
167,276
152,277
298,520
196,829
226,566
532,055
1,129,536
17,778
58,664
117,628
671,588
208
2,958
130,003
1,393,001
37,352
36,345
40,590
944,145



21,000
102,823
28,703
285,905
404,995
48,023
134,290
300,156
508,255
54,707
56,272
68,963
58,808
2,590,228
3,363,238
4,076,623
16,295,961
16,751
9,570
4,585
27,100
10,409
8,964
4,667
40,933
13,008
16,161
12,086
9,927
0
0
5
8,767
49,389
41,147
45,656
24,416
0
0
0
7,460



0
250
250
255
2,049
0
63,300
154,000
0
1,005
1,015
515
5,399
169,739
225,032
259,549
537,954
0
0
0
11,450
170,254
176,240
156,944
339,453
209,837
242,727
544,141
1,139,463
17,778
58,664
117,633
680,355
49,597
44,105
175,659
1,417,417
37,352
36,345
40,590
951,605



21,000
103,073
28,953
286,160
407,044
48,023
197,590
454,156
508,255
55,712
57,287
69,478
64,207
2,759,967
3,588,270
4,336,172
16,833,915
16,751
9,570
4,585
38,550
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3861 for total releases in 1995. The
 facility should have reported in SIC code 3579. The incorrectly reported amount was 141,121 pounds of total releases. Another facility reported incorrectly in
 SIC code 3548 for 1988. The facility should have reported in SIC code 2899. The incorrectly reported amounts were 43,810 pounds of total air emissions and
 2,902,304 pounds of transfers off-site to disposal.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                                  491
-------
              Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
 Table 13-14. TRI On-slte and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Industrial Machinery,
 SIC Code 35, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3589



3592



3593



3S94



3596



3599















Industry
Service Industry Machinery, nee*



Carburetors, Pistons, Rings, Valves



Fluid Power Cylinders & Actuators



Fluid Power Pumps & Motors



Scales & Balances, Exc. Laboratory



Industrial Machinery, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 35



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 35



Total for SIC Code 35



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95.
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
157,174
127,348
121,061
167,743
747,976
530,735
586,202
1,588,937
17,014
19,566
14,855
32,980
110,099
136,453
181,059
49,800
98,118
174,999
77,921
19,000
251,714
346,636
231,396
373,536
836,489
904,913
1,178,639
1,852,838
114,631
511,694
809,847
5,563,542
16,272,214
19,603,851
23,568,657
59,123,683
0
0
0
0
10
10
20
262
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
255
0
0
300
1,273
418
700
5,713
0
0
0
500
27,668
17,164
106,126
147,837
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
750
5
1,061
1,304
265
15
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
515
265
270
28,124
6,175
8
6,806
36,950
0
0
0
0
127,557
103,861
153,872
216,387
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
157,174
127,348
121,061
167,743
747,986
531,495
586,227
1,590,260
18,323
19,831
14,870
32,985
110,099
136,453
181,059
49,800
98,118
174,999
77,921
19,000
252,484
346,901
231,666
401,960
843,937
905,339
1,186,145
1,895,501
114,631
511,694
809,847
5,564,042
16,427,439
19,724,876
23,828,655
59,487,907
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
716
626
7,858
24,590
441,260
434,905
250,753
37,078
2,038
4,170
745
0
17,776
17,875
10,071
7,560
0
4,635
0
19,000
790
3,534
1,265
184,160
107,727
212,511
201,300
178,493
280
4,347
38,917
295,119
2,734,615
3,126,757
3,291,560
10,259,389
157,890
127,974
128,919
192,333
1,189,246
966,400
836,980
1,627,338
20,361
24,001
15,615
32,985
127,875
154,328
191,130
57,360
98,118
179,634
77,921
38,000
253,274
350,435
232,931
586,120
951,664
1,117,850
1,387,445
2,073,994
114,911
516,041
848,764
5,859,161
19,162,054
22,851,633
27,120,215
69,747,296
   , . •*""•*•"• ««^—-p— «wi" v«*,ui/u *. ut i vim i>. aim vu-atu; jvcicascs iium acuuun o (iransiers on-sire 10 Disposal; or rorm K. forms witn more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3861 for total releases in 1995. The
facility should have reported in SIC code 3579. The incorrectly reported amount was 141,121 pounds of total releases. Another facility reported incorrectly in
SIC code 3548 for 1988. The facility should have reported in SIC code 2899. The incorrectly reported amounts were 43,810 pounds of total air emissions and
2,902,304 pounds of transfers off-site to disposal.
•ncc:  not elsewhere classified.
 492
-------
                                                              Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine,
Table 13-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Industrial Machinery, SIC
Code 35
SIC
Code
3511



3519



3523



3524



3531



3532



3533



3534



3535



3536



3537



3541



Industry
Turbines & Turbine Generator Sets



Internal Combustion Engines, nee*



Farm Machinery & Equipment



Lawn & Garden Equipment



Construction Machinery



Mining Machinery



Oil & Gas Reid Machinery



Elevators & Moving Stairways



Conveyors & Conveying Equipment



Hoists, Cranes, & Monorails



Industrial Trucks & Tractors



Machine Tools, Metal Cutting Types



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96.
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
0
96,800
55,400
NA
2,355,177
1,832,191
2,173,314
NA
128,223
28,972
34,099
NA
0
0
0
NA
665,326
778,737
630,181
NA
126,000
8,900
6,200
NA
73,992
428,260
415,883
NA
26,457
28,106
2,141
NA
5,194
7,941
16,095
NA
0
0
0
NA
76,898
. 0
0
NA
775
350
4,625
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
52,234
55,099
NA
0
0
0
NA
20,702
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
40,000
516,416
393,695
NA
505,161
182,832
648,483
NA
145,226
131,910
103,275
NA
95,045
148,857
104,424
NA
127,937
134,001
115,204
NA
18,449
15,912
10,973
NA
41,062
70,091
50,777
NA
0
0
0
NA
73,200
96,700
75,000
NA
196
196
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
150,732
14,212
22,610
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
40,000
613,216
449,095
NA
2,860,338
2,015,023
2,821,797
NA
273,449
213,116
192,473
NA
95,045
148,857
104,424
NA
813,965
912,738
745,385
NA
144,449
24,812
17,173
NA
115,054
498,351
466,660
NA
26,457
28,106
2,141
NA
78,394
104,641
91,095
NA
196
196
0
NA
76,898
0
0
NA
151,507
14,562
27,235
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility
reported incorrectly in SIC code 3861 for 1995. The facility should have reported in SIC code 3579. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 585,400
pounds of recycling on-site, 19,244 pounds of treatment on-site and 604,644 pounds of total other on-site waste management.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                           493
-------
             Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
 Table 13-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Industrial Machinery, SIC
 Code 35, Continued
SIC
Code
3542



3543



3544



3545



3546



3547



3548



3549



3552



3553



3554



3555



Industry
Machine Tools, Metal Forming Types



Industrial Patterns



Special Dies, Tools, Jigs & Fixtures



Machine Tool Accessories



Power-driven Handtools



Rolling Mill Machinery



Welding Apparatus



Metnlwoddng Machinery1, nee*



Textile Machinery



Woodworking Machinery



Paper Industries Machinery



Printing Trades Machinery



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
110,785
140,445
115,787
NA
0
0
0
NA
238^51
254,444
156,000
NA
4,180,054
3,106,710
3,675,205
NA
10,000
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
634,040
605,696
586,325
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
12,000
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,780,420 ,
2,697,435
2,727,350
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
.0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
302,950
0
96,023
NA
72,801
25,891
7,109
NA
257,100
373,353
394,549
NA
0
0
0
NA
99,400
68,045
50,855
NA
0
0
0
NA
12,543
13,800
12,200
NA
0
0
0
NA
186,700
180,300
161,614
NA
730,200
676,245
450,644
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
110,785
140,445
115,787
NA
0
0
0
NA
541,301
254,444
252,023
NA
4,252,855
3,132,601
3,682,314
NA
267,100
373,353
394,549
NA
0
0
0
NA
733,440
673,741
637,180
NA
0
0
0
NA
12,543
13,800
12,200
NA
12,000
0
0
NA
186,700
180,300
161,614
NA
2,510,620
3,373,680
3,177,994
NA
Note: Dtta from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility
reported incorrectly in SIC code 3861 for 1995. The facility should have reported in SIC code 3579. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 585,400
pounds of recycling on-site, 19,244 pounds of treatment on-site and 604,644 pounds of total other on-site waste management.
"nee: not elsewhere classified.
 494
-------
                                                              Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine*


Table 13-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC
SIC
Code
3556


3559


3561


3562


3563


3564



3565



3566


3567



3568


3569


3571


Industry
Food Products Machinery


Special Industry Machinery, nee*


Pumps & Pumping Equipment


Ball & Roller Bearings


Air & Gas Compressors


Blowers & Fans



Packaging Machinery



Speed Changers, Drives, & Gears


Industrial Furnaces & Ovens



Power Transmission Equipment, nee*


General Industrial Machinery, nee*


Electronic Computers


Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
192,800
283,880
274,300
NA
31,166
24,000
38,300
NA
1,141,917
1,322,717
1,301,023
NA
1,398,000
1,838,000
1,485,300
NA
19,560
293
0
NA
1,200
44,072
53,070
NA
0
0
0
NA
76,000
90,000
90,000
NA
11,205
11,712
10,500
NA
29,015
48,856
33,899
NA
0
72,540
76,500
NA
0
18,300
32,300
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
183
12,214
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
5,399
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
3,058,980
587,620
660,027
NA
0
8,609
3,887
NA
19,677
40,968
71,724
NA
351
559
191
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
70,152
19,340
22,300
NA
411,433
156,790
101,227
NA
150
182,943
78,230
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
192,800
283,880
274,300
NA
3,090,146
611,620
698,327
NA
1,141,917
1,331,326
1,304,910
NA
1,417,677
1,878,968
1,557,024
NA
19,911
1,035
12,405
NA
1,200
44,072
53,070
NA
0

0
NA
76,000
90,000
90,000
NA
11,205
11,712
10,500
NA
99,167
73,595
56,199
NA
411,433
229,330
177,727
NA
150
201,243
110,530
NA
 Note- Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One faculty
 reported incorrectly in SIC code 3861 for 1995. The facility should have reported in SIC code 3579. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 585,400
 pounds of recycling on-site, 19,244 pounds of treatment on-site and 604,644 pounds of total other on-site waste management.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                             495
-------
  I^^KA
  ____
             Chapter 13—TRIData for Industrial Machinery



 Table 13-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC
 Code 35, Continued                                                                                      "
SIC
Code
3572



3577



3578



3579



3581



3582



3585



3586



3589



3592



3593



3594



Industry
Computer Storage Devices



Computer Peripheral Equipment, nee*



Calculating & Accounting Equipment



Office Machines, nee*



Automatic Vending Machines



Commercial Laundry Equipment



Refrigeration & Heating Equipment



Measuring & Dispensing Pumps



Service Industry Machinery, nee*



Carburetors, Pistons, Rings, Valves



Fluid Power Cylinders & Actuators



Fluid Power Pumps & Motors



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
4,100
0
0
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
909,155
63,624
1,179,500
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
32,688,807
44,283,742
51,141,669
NA
0
19,401
0
NA
90
90
90
NA
667,344
64,063
94,394
NA
6,000
0
280,800
NA
0
0
0
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
0
0
31,669
NA
356,470
381,900
333,160
NA



NA
124,017
9,466
452,339
NA
11,215
82,000
79,000
NA
0
1,400
1,400
NA
331,705
332,051
86,350
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
42,563
61,141
100,322
NA
0
0
0
NA
150
1
0
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
0
0
31,669
NA
360,570
381,900
333,160
NA



NA
1,033,172
73,090
1,631,839
NA
11,215
82,000
79,000
NA
0
1,400
1,400
NA
33,020,512
44,615,793
51,228,019
NA
0
19,401
0
NA
90
90
90
NA
709,907
125,204
194,716
NA
6,000
0
280,800
NA
150
1
0
NA
                             j                                        '
                   , 19,244 pounds of treatment on-site and 604,644 pounds of total other on-site waste management
"necj not elsewhere classified.
 496
-------
                                                  Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine,
Table 13-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Industrial Machinery, SIC
Code 35, Continued
SIC
Code Industry Year
3596 Scales & Balances, Exc. Laboratory 96
95
94
88
3599 Industrial Machinery, nee* 96
95
94
88
Multiple within SIC Code 35 96
95
94
88
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 35 96
95
94
88
Total for SIC Code 35 96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
17,500
15,000
14,000
NA
185,656
114,500
198,500
NA
75,052
643,291
574,621
NA
800
0
898,800
NA
47,879,059
58,973,068
68,376,171
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
20,702
57,816
67,313
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
121,402
0
0
NA
44,491
43,211
58,628
NA
0
0
0
NA
7,451,458
4,556,760
4,777,889
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
17,500
15,000
14,000
NA
307,058
114,500
198,500
NA
119,543
686,502
633,249
NA
800
0
898,800
NA
55,351,219
63,587,644
73,221,373
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility
reported incorrectly in SIC code 3861 for 1995. The facility should have reported in SIC code 3579. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 585,400
pounds of recycling on-site, 19,244 pounds of treatment on-site and 604,644 pounds of total other on-site waste management.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 The miscellaneous office machines industry (SIC
 code 3579) ranked second with 3.9 million pounds
 of transfers off-site for further waste management
 in 1994 and 2.1 million pounds in 1996. This
 reduction reflected a larger decrease from 1994 to
 1995 in transfers to recycling, partly offset by a
 sizable increase from 1995 to 1996 in reporting of
 transfers without a valid code (to identify the type
 of transfer). As noted earlier in this chapter,  one
 facility reported 2.0 million pounds of transfers
 with invalid codes in 1996, including 1.8 million
 pounds of dichloromethane. In previous years, this
 facility reported transferring dichloromethane to
 recycling. This is the same facility that reported in
 SIC code 3579 in 1994 and 1996, but reported in
 SIC code 3861 in 1995, which also accounts for the
 miscellaneous office machines industry's decreased
 total for transfers off-site for further waste
 management in 1995.
The third-ranked industry for decreases—special
dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures (SIC code 3544)—
reported a decrease from 2.4 million pounds to 1.2
million pounds (although the 1995 level was much
higher—4.2 million pounds). This reduction was
entirely attributable to transfers to recycling.

Although the refrigeration and heating equipment
industry (SIC code 3585) recorded the largest
decreases in on- and off-site releases and other on-
site waste management, discussed above, this
industry ranked first for increases in transfers off-
site for further waste management in the industrial
machinery sector. The refrigeration and heating
equipment industry reported 10.3 million pounds of
transfers off-site for further waste management in
1994 and 12.5 million pounds in 1996. This
increase was attributable to transfers to recycling.
The miscellaneous internal combustion engines
industry (SIC code 3519) ranked second in the
sector for increases, reporting 3.6 million pounds in
                                                                                                    497
-------
         Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
1994 and 5.6 million pounds in 1996. However,
these amounts reflected one facility's reporting
errors for transfers to recycling of 1.5 million
pounds in 1994 and 2.4 million pounds in 1996
(both amounts should have been zero). Taking into
account this error, miscellaneous internal
combustion engines ranked third, and the
miscellaneous special industry machinery industry
(SIC code 3559) ranked second, reporting 1.3
million pounds hi 1994 and 2.4 million pounds in
1996. In this industry, the 1995 level was
considerably higher (5.0 million pounds). The
1994-1996 increase was attributable to transfers to
recycling.

Table 13-16 presents data on transfers off-site for
further waste management for four-digit SIC codes
in SIC code 35.

Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
In Releases, 1988-1996

New Holland N.A., Inc., in Grand Island, Nebraska
(SIC code 3523), was first in increases with
309,000 pounds. Xylene (mixed isomers)—a paint
constituent—was responsible for 100% of the
increase. A production increase was cited as the
reason for the overall reporting increase by this
manufacturer of farming machinery (combines,
haying equipment, wagons, etc.).

John Deere Ottumwa Works in Ottumwa, Iowa
(SIC codes 3523 and 3524 in 1988 and 3523 in
1996), ranked second in increases with 289,000
pounds. No data were reported for the chemical,
sec-butyl alcohol, in 1988. Total releases for sec-
butyl alcohol in 1996 were 238,000 pounds. This
accounted for 82% of the increase. No reason was
given for the increase. The facility contact stated
that John Deere Ottumwa Works does not discuss
TRI reporting.

Kobelco America, Lie., in Calhoun, Georgia (did
not report in 1988, SIC code 3531 hi 1996), was
third in increases with 167,000 pounds. Because
there were no data in 1988, the 1996 data equal the
overall increase. Point-source air emissions of
methyl ethyl ketone constituted 91% of the
facility's total releases in the latter year. A
manufacturer of hydraulic excavation machinery,
the plant uses the chemical, methyl ethyl ketone
(MEK), to flush out paint lines. Reported point-
source air emissions of MEK totaled 152,000
pounds (91% of the overall releases for the year).
The facility began operation in July 1989.

Heatcraft, Inc., in Grenada, Mississippi (SIC code
3585 in 1988 and codes 3585, 3351, and 3366 in
1996), was the top decreaser with an overall 1.9
million-pound reduction. Heatcraft manufactures
heat transfer coils, A-coils, copper tubing, and
replacement and steam coils. Reduction of
trichloroethylene air emissions accounted for 93%
of the decrease. A lubricant is required in the
manufacture of the coil assemblies. Traditionally,
petroleum-based lubricants were used but had to be
removed by solvent degreasing systems prior to
paint application. Heatcraft developed a
proprietary, non-petroleum-based lubricant that
does not require removal from coil assemblies prior
to painting. Consequently, the facility greatly
reduced the need for solvent degreasing.

Beloit Corporation in Beloit, Wisconsin (SIC code
3554), ranked second in decreases with a 1.0
million-pound reduction. Beloit Corporation
manufactures papermaking machinery. Principal
operations at the facility in Beloit have changed
from manufacturing to service and maintenance.
The facility continues to manufacture machinery,
but on a very small scale, according to the facility
contact. The change in operations was given as  the
main reason for the decrease in reported releases
between 1988 and 1996. Chromium, a constituent
of stainless steel used in machinery production,
accounted for 60% of the decrease. Scrap stainless
steel was sent to an off-site landfill. In 1988,
606,000 pounds of chromium releases were
reported. The facility reported no releases of
chromium in 1996.
498
-------
                                                                 Chapter 13 — TO/ Data for Industrial Machin
Table 13-16.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Industrial
Machinery) SIC Code 35
SIC
Code
3511



3519


3523


3524


3531


3532


3533


3534


3535


3536



3537



Industry
Turbines & Turbine Generator Sets



Internal Combustion Engines, nee*


Farm Machinery & Equipment


Lawn & Garden Equipment


Construction Machinery


Mining Machinery


Oil & Gas Reid Machinery


Elevators & Moving Stairways


Conveyors & Conveying Equipment


Hoists, Cranes, & Monorails



Industrial Trucks & Tractors



Transfers
Year to Recycling
Pounds
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
2,901,025
2,835,209
2,618,948
NA
5,125,182
2,465,077
3,037,621
NA
795,998
1,018,907
1,702,597
NA
165,727
81,082
37,240
NA
3,109,494
1,926,366
2,454,341
NA
797,376
785,714
1,163,747
NA
,1,046,983
1,037,904
1,074,551
NA
445,990
395,451
331,736
NA
591,538
594,691
263,514
NA
1,062,448
456,777
238,660
NA
352,630
1,113,053
917,566
NA
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
14,900
10,960
29,024
NA
375,260
429,225
308,525
NA
259,187
206,282
236,378
NA
12,491
184,064
174,329
NA
681,866
662,364
524,049
NA
0
5
,5
NA
30,095
81,445
79,031
NA
62,445
26,693
22,991
NA
25,423
22,908
22,938
NA
6,110
2,900
4,350
NA
82,616
96,158
61,477
NA
28,622
154,194
34,179
434,365
31,921
178,134
138,147
577,394
19,182
29,701
74,230
143,845
4
0
27
.242,649
84,105
107,746
87,795
312,194
1,900
10,958
8,836
6,200
7,089
795
214
12,675
0
0
2,419
36,015
1,870
3,502
750
17,062
0
3,002
3,570
50,500
1,000
0
11,018
8,409
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
85
79
335
7,570
99,601
113,473
128,268
423,201
90,128
99,700
73,740
20,704
5,826
1,530
3,027
0
107,554
100,720
156,083
135,743
155
67
269
250
288
557
291
1,354
260
530
25
4
0
0
0
3
2
5
12
0
4,289
-1,510
15
17,783
Total Transfers
Other Off-site.for
Off-site Further Waste
Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
1,837
0
0
0
57,82.1
0
0
2,950
1,100
0
0
0
2,857
0
0
0
333,531
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,337
0
0
0
0
0
0
19,350
0
0
.0
0
2,944,632
3,000,442
2,682,486
NA |
5,631,964 i
3,185,909
3,612,561
• NA '
1,164,495
1,354,590
2,089,895
NA
184,048
266,676
214,623
NA '
3,983,019
2,797,196
3,222,268
NA
799,431
796,744
1,172,857
NA .
1,084,455
1,120,701
1,154,087
NA
508,695
422,674
357,171
NA
621,168
621,101
287,202
NA
1,068,560
462,684
246,592
NA
440,535
1,210,721
990,076 ,
NA
 Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R, Other Off-site Transfers are
 transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the '^multiple"
 category. One facility incorrectly reported 1,500,000 pounds for 1994 and 2,400,000 pounds for 1996 of transfers to Cycling under SIC code 3519. The correct
 amounts are 0 pounds. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3861 for 1995.  The facility should have reported in SIC code 3579. The incorrectly reported
 amounts were as follows: 1,369,940 pounds of transfers to recycling, 51,692 pounds of transfers to energy recovery, .10,243 pounds of transfers to treatment, 55
 pounds of transfers to POTWs and 1,431,930 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management. Another facility incorrectly reported 29 pounds of
 transfers to recycling in 1995 under multiple codes within SIC code 35. The correct amount is 1,272,858 pounds.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                                   499
-------
               Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
  Table 13-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Industrial
  Machinery, SIC Code 35, Continued
SIC
Code
3541



3542



3543



3544



3545



3546



3547



3548



3549



3552



3553



Industry
Machine Tools, Metal Cutting Types



Machine Tools, Metal Forming Types



Industrial Patterns



Special Dies, Tools, Jigs & Fixtures



Machine Tool Accessories



Power-driven Handtools



Rolling Mill Machinery



Welding Apparatus



Mettlwodcing Machinery, nee*



Textile Machinery



Woodworking Machinery



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
693,466
594,771
792,939
NA
866,494
287,008
214,222
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,149,656
4,085,893
2,435,272
NA
508,532
456,291
389,262
NA
451,365
399,698
455,058
NA
9,378
9,841
9,054
NA
1,352,673
1,004,772
1,257,794
NA
25,450
11,590
7,810
NA
3,600
20,380
24,043
NA
89,907
15,455
16,039
NA
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
0
500
1,464
NA
14,283
17,171
23,517
NA
0
0
7,250
NA
11,602
15,600
0
NA
0
28,741
27,384
NA
3,359
5,363
2,290
NA
0
0
0
NA
12,405
5,550
7,850
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
7,315
NA
2,810
3,647
3,785
NA
13,907
31,681
34,000
64,900
30,622
0
0
143,036
0
0
0
2,560
44,707
48,312
7,708
581
190,208
95,742
120,261
52,267
840
50,120
44,197
96,655
0
0
0
0
17,487
15,830
28,921
0
48
22
10
0
0
0
0
29,278
250
0
0
0
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
19,940
14,105
1,959
2,275
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
330
350
100
1,156
19,409
14,529
49,353
15,060
204
1,068
915
35,540
0
0
0
250
40,215
34,622
20,117
1,625
0
0
0
11,830
250
250
0
500
5
0
0
7,000
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Off-site Further Waste
Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds
47,000
0
5,699
191,856
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28,213
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
156,500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
774,313
641,057
836,061
NA
911,399
304,179
237,739
NA
0
0
7,250
NA
1,206,295
4,150,155
2,443,080
NA
718,149
595,303
586,260
NA
455,768
456,249
502,460
NA
9,378
9,841
9,054
NA
1,422,780
1,060,774
1,314,682
NA
25,498
11,612
7,820
NA .
3,850
20,630
31,358
NA
92,972
19,102
19,824
NA
..—.	^.. „„-»..,. ,U1 t u»u«.. ,T«a«: wjauageiuem irora oecnon o Deluding transrers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple"
category. One facility incorrectly reported 1,500,000 pounds for 1994 and 2,400,000 pounds for 1996 of transfers to recycling under SIC code 3519  The correct
tmounts are 0 pounds. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3861 for 1995. The facility should have reported in SIC code 3579.  The incorrectly reported
amounts were as follows: 1,369,940 pounds of transfers to recycling, 51,692 pounds of transfers to energy recovery, 10,243 pounds of transfers to treatment, 55
pounds of transfers to POTWs and  1,431,930 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management. Another facility incorrectly reported 29 pounds of
transfers to recycling in 1995 under multiple codes within SIC code 35. The correct amount is 1,272,858 pounds                       •
*ncc:  not elsewhere classified.
 500
-------
                                                                 Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine,
 Table 13-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Industrial
 Machinery, SIC Code 35, Continued
SIC
Code
3554



3555



3556



3559



-3561



3562



3563

-

3564



3565



3566



3567



Industry
Paper Industries Machinery



Printing Trades Machinery



Food Products Machinery



Special Industry Machinery, nee*



Pumps & Pumping Equipment



Ball & Roller Bearings



Air & Gas Compressors



Blowers & Fans



Packaging Machinery



Speed Changers, Drives, & Gears



Industrial Furnaces & Ovens



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
1,044,724
1,254,318
1,192,468
NA
296,000
218,293
373,913
NA
750,449
774,751
477,003
NA
2,316,637
4,703,116
931,738
NA
4,157,134
4,152,134
3,861,945
NA
4,489,238
5,071,651
4,680,176
NA
459,003
556,624
263,376
NA
405,787
118,001
95,684
NA
40,593
48,335
45,814
NA
456,263
553,006
526,078
NA
365,674
295,293
259,201
NA
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
NA
3,443
0
30,372
NA
0
0
5
NA
32,050
37,941
52,983
NA
81,910
48,655
50,401
NA
22,528
66,402
36,573
NA
4,159
3,839
3,549
NA
7,042
6,410
1,873
NA
0
0
250
NA
0
0
0
NA
34,236
23,323
13,510
NA
14,795
21,507
15,804
14,485
28,438
40,288
49,592
207,655
28,612
10,406
13,539
0
78,939
82,450
91,278
1,495,975
8,288
6,875
7,604
69,318
9,548
12,872
45,324
979,702
0
2,399
314
38,290
3,837
1,300
5
35,197
0
0
0
0
21
750
1,750
5,780
0
0
0
21,250
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
0
0
0
1,750
5
6
251
80,961
525
1,020
530
. 250
6,746
163,151
214,012
22,570
19,302
2,347
428
2,449
41,767
36,536
46,369
176,299
272
510
1,053
250
22
15
15
255
0
0
0
0
10
10
10
750
500
500
750
0
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Off-site Further Waste
Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds
2,618
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,800
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21,652
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
10,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,980
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
51,655
0
250
250
0
1,062,137
1,275,825
1,208,272
NA
327,886
258,587
454,128
NA
779,586
786,177
491,077
NA
2,434,372
4,986,658
1,290,011
NA
4,266,634
4,210,011
3,920,378
NA
4,563,081
5,187,466
4,808,442
NA
463,434
563,372
268,292
NA
416,688
125,726
97,577
NA
40,593
48,335
46,064
NA
456,294
553,766
527,838
NA
400,410
319,366
273,711
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple"
category. One facility incorrectly reported 1,500,000 pounds for 1994 and 2,400,000 pounds for 1996 of transfers to recycling under SIC code 3519. The correct
amounts are 0 pounds.  One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3861 for 1995. The facility should have reported in SIC code 3579. The incorrectly reported
amounts were as follows: 1,369,940 pounds of transfers to recycling, 51,692 pounds of transfers to energy recovery, 10,243 pounds of transfers to treatment, 55
pounds of transfers to POTWs and 1,431,930 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management Another facility incorrectly reported 29 pounds of
transfers to recycling in 1995 under multiple codes within SIC code 35. The correct amount is 1,272,858 pounds.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                                 501
-------
              Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
Table 13-16.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Industrial
Machinery, SIC Code 35, Continued
SIC
Code
3568



3569



3571



3572



3577


3578



3579



3581



3582



3585



3586



Industry
Power Transmission Equipment, nee*



General Industrial Machinery, nee*



Electronic Computers



Computer Storage Devices



Computer Peripheral Equipment, nee*


Calculating & Accounting Equipment



Office Machines, nee*



Automatic Vending Machines



Commercial Laundry Equipment



Refrigeration & Heating Equipment



Measuring & Dispensing Pumps



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
1,938,420 29,475
2,686,041 47,595
2,832,580 38,159
NA NA
759,279 76,872
876,940 17,916
598,249 17,982
NA NA
228,356 362,581
353,028 362,520
301,481 302,780
NA NA
10,000 18,224
7,100 17,183
4,180 113,043
NA NA
61,290 6,600
35,545 8,100
21,200 8,250
NA NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA NA
64,669 10,685
34,691 13,083
3,809,693 91,369
NA NA
29,360 27,022
0 74,200
2,070 46,300
NA NA
1,112,474 1,200
920,401 250
298,648 750
NA NA
12,179,109 157,557
11,963,224 352,732
9,609,448 444,871
NA NA
15,649 0
7,512 0
0 14,400
NA NA
68,730
38,547
50,227
17,174
185,400
91,583
87,046
114,040
1,848
2,509
64,983
40,510
658
2,600
42,176
124,300
7,590
3,800
16,650
103,575



0
53,305
16,587
11,011
20,936
0
0
21,700
7,992
0
2,515
3,769
187,974
67,942
68,271
140,246
1,165,664
0
0
0
0
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
163,054
3,535
2,406
532
137,856
214,111
118,173
58,432
10
41,733
51,533
423
968,018
734,629
610,325
114,482
252,202
248,439
138,135
17,505



0
1,555
1,500
1,557
14,231
8
1,000
7
0
30
4,340
4,225
5,711
70,050
62,399
69,694
313,655
0
0
0
0
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Off-site Further Waste
Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds
500
0
0
94,292
750
0
0
166,250
0
0
0 .
3,850
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



0
1,971,318
750
0
8,748
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,170
0
750
0
277,933
0
0
0
0
2,200,179
2,775,718
2,923,372
NA
1,160,157
1,200,550
821,450
NA
592,795
759,790
720,777
NA
996,900
761,512
769,724
NA
327,682
295,884
184,235
NA



NA
2,101,532
66,611
3,913,630
NA
56,390
75,200
70,077
NA
1,113,704
927,506
307,392
NA
12,474,658
12,447,376
10,264,259
NA
15,649
7,512
14,400
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple"
C»*egory. One facility incorrectly reported 1,500,000 pounds for 1994 and 2,400,000 pounds for 1996 of transfers to recycling under SIC code 3519. The correct
amounts are 0 pounds. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3861 for 1995. The facility should have reported in SIC code 3579. The incorrectly reported
amounts were as follows: 1,369,940 pounds of transfers to recycling, 51,692 pounds of transfers to energy recovery, 10,243 pounds of transfers to treatment, 55
pounds of transfers to POTWs and 1,431,930 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management. Another facility incorrectly reported 29 pounds of
transfers to recycling in 1995 under multiple codes within SIC code 35.  The correct amount is 1,272,858 pounds.
•ntc: not elsewhere classified.
 502
-------
                                                                 Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine,
Table 13-16.  TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Industrial
Machinery, SIC Code 35, Continued
SIC
Code Industry
3589 Service Industry Machinery, nee*



3592 Carburetors, Pistons, Rings, Valves



3593 Fluid Power Cylinders & Actuators



3594 Fluid Power Pumps & Motors



3596 Scales & Balances, Exc. Laboratory



3599 Industrial Machinery, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 35



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 35



Total for SIC Code 35

_

Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
.96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
313,860
226,568
158,411
NA
2,297,465
1,442,571
1,678,328
NA
273,763
294,780
105,454
NA
420,212
467,421
440,891
NA
3,534
17,894
0
NA
957,933
838,403
1,036,934
NA
4,994,499
3,868,050
7,827,766
NA
58,411
114,773
109,514
NA
62,044,697
61,496,394
60,984,257
NA
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
750
3,155
4,341
NA
110
303
289
NA
0
0
0
NA
5,408
6,716
9,790
NA
0
4,635
0
NA
4,050
13,848
11,735
NA
44,598
100,995
158,421
NA
0
8,702
17,242
NA
2,525,352
3,018,079
3,013,190
NA
0
0
0
704
92,391
87,715
101,034
151,289
8,316
76,188
24,605
0
0
15,249
0
0
1,000
1,000
1,000
0
25,711
33,005
18,000
9,335
45,636
38,700
33,282
236,106
7,920
158,431
203,617
887,248
1,212,687
1,545,286
1,640,838
8,165,084
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
485,890
270,483
142,837
0
24,681
137,427
3,006
1,833
107
862
105
43
887
290
1,515
14
0
528
0
0
25
10
10
500
229
390
2,704
1,030
1,113
4,060
2,865
33,963
2,563,405
2,312,926
1,847,024
1,529,736
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for-
Off-site Further Waste
Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
24,390
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
49,424
0
0
0
384,661
1,113
0
0
0
2,025,636
1,755
8,899
1,895,070
800,500
500,206
305,589
NA
2,414,647
1,668,016
1,782,657
NA
282,186
371,830
130,164
NA
426,507
489,676
452,196
NA
4,534
24,057
1,000
NA
987,719
885,266
1,066,679
NA
5,084,962
4,008,135
8,022,173
NA
68,557
285,966
333,238
NA
70,371,777
68,374,440
67,494,208
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 35 are assigned to the "multiple"
category. One facility incorrectly reported 1,500,000 pounds for 1994 and 2,400,000 pounds for 1996 of transfers to recycling under SIC code 3519. The correct
amounts are 0 pounds. One facility reported incorrectly in SIC code 3861 for 1995.  The facility should have reported in SIC code 3579. The incorrectly reported
amounts were as follows: 1,369,940 pounds of transfers to recycling, 51,692 pounds of transfers to energy recovery, 10,243 pounds of transfers to treatment, 55
pounds of transfers to POTWs and 1,431,930 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management. Another facility incorrectly reported 29 pounds of
transfers to recycling in 1995 under multiple codes within SIC code 35. The correct amount is 1,272,858 pounds.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                                  503
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         Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
Brunswick Corporation in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
(SIC code 3519), was the third largest decreaser
with an 838,000 pound reduction. Elimination of
1,1,1-trichloroethane, used in degreasing and
cleaning operations and to soften rubber hoses for
applications, accounted for 24% of the total
decrease. The facility switched to aqueous cleaning
and degreasing systems and substituted warm water
for the chemical for softening hoses.

Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
Releases, 1988-1996

In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
large apparent increases and decreases,  which have
been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
Because these are errors or plant closures and not
actual changes in the data, these facilities are not
discussed in detail here. There are four such
facilities in the industrial machinery sector:

    Caterpillar Inc. Mossville Eng., Mossville,
    Illinois, increase of 418,000 pounds, reporting
    error.
    Lennox Industries, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas,
    decrease of 889,000 pounds, plant closure.
    Lincoln Electric Company, Euclid, Ohio,
    decrease of 3.4 million pounds, reported
    incorrect SIC code.
    Mobile Pulley & Machine Works, Mobile,
    Alabama, increase of 256,000 pounds, reported
    incorrect SIC code.

1991-1996 Waste Management Data
for Industrial  Machinery

Table 13-17 summarizes on- and off-site waste
management data for the industrial machinery
sector for 1991, when TRI began collecting this
information, and the three most recent years (1994-
1996). Total production-related waste reported by
the industrial machinery sector decreased by more
than one-fourth (27.7%) from 1991 to 1996. The
sector reported a total of 220.7 million pounds of
production-related waste in 1991 and 159.6 million
pounds in 1996.

The sector's largest reduction, in pounds and
percent, occurred in reporting of on-site recycling,
which decreased 60.9% from 122.4 million pounds
in 1991 to 47.9 million pounds in 1996. The
second-largest reduction was reported in quantities
released, which decreased 55.5% from 43.3 million
pounds to 19.3 million pounds. Off-site energy
recovery decreased from 3.3 million pounds to 2.6
million pounds, a 19.5% reduction.

At the same time, off-site recycling increased
79.6% from 43.9 million pounds to 78.8 million
pounds. Reporting errors in 1994,1995, and 1996,
described earlier in this chapter, have little effect on
this overall increase. The sector also reported an
increase of 71.1% in on-site treatment, from 4.4
million pounds to 7.5 million pounds. A small
increase was reported in off-site treatment, along
with a small decrease in on-site energy recovery.

Figure 13-13 illustrates the percentage changes in
amounts reported for these waste management
methods from 1991 to 1996.

The industrial machinery sector's reporting
indicates some improvement from 1991 to 1996 in
how the sector manages its waste, as measured by
the waste management hierarchy (explained in
Chapter 1). The sector reported releasing a smaller
portion of its total production-related waste in 1996
(12.1%) than in 1991 (19.6%). Releases are the
least desirable waste management option.

Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
in Waste Management. 1991-1996

Carrier Corporation in Indianapolis, Indiana (SIC
code 3585), ranked first for increases in waste
managed with 12.9 million pounds. Nickel
compounds, a constituent of the steel used to
manufacture fan coils and natural gas furnaces,
504
-------
                                                              Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine*
Table 13-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996:  Industrial Machinery, SIC Code 35
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
• Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
1991
Pounds
122,388,527
22,205
4,355,638
126,766,370
43,876,235
3,275,294
3,540,023
50,691,552
43,274,908
220,732,830
485,707
Change
1994-1995
Percent
-13.8
-14.1
-4.6
-13.2
0.8
5.5
1.4
1.1
-17.9
-8.2
42.1
1994
Pounds
68,397,051
67,313
4,777,889
73,242,253
61,362,244
3,627,485
3,627,485
67,961,983
26,937,872
168,142,108
222,504
Change
1995-1996
Percent
-18.8
-64.2
63.5
-13.0
27.3
-15.9
-2.6
23.8
-12.9
3.4
-92.5
1995
Pounds
58,982,163
57,816
4,556,760
63,596,739
61,872,177
3,135,411
3,678,413
68,686,001
22,120,683
154,403,423
316,123
Change
1991-1996
Percent
-60.9
-6.8
71.1
-56.3
79.6
-19.5
1.2
-67.7
-55.5
-27.7
-95.1
1996
Pounds
47,879,059
20,702
7,451,458
55,351,219
78,784,013
2,636,326
3,584,053
85,004,392
19,259,227
159,614,838
23,731







 Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Foim R
 (Current Year, Column B) of year indicated. One facility incorrectly reported 1,500,000 pounds for 1994 and 2,400,000 pounds for 1996 of recycling off-site.
 The correct amounts are 0 pounds. One facility incorrectly reported 29 pounds of recycling off-site in 1995. The correct amount is 1,272,858 pounds.
                                                                                                                             505
-------
           Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
         Recycled   Energy    Treated
          On-sHe  Recovery    On-site
                  On-slte

           Ofi-sltD Waste Management
Recycled
 Off-site
  Energy
Recovery
  Off-site
Treated
Off-site
    Quantity
Released On-
 and Off-site
    Total
Production-
   related
   Waste
  Off-site Waste Management
        Figure 13-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
                                  Industrial Machinery (SIC Code 35)
Note: Docs not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Yew, Column B) of year indicated.
 accounted for 94% of the increase. All of the 1996
 data for nickel compounds was reported as recycled
 off-site (the facility recycles metal offal). The
 facility cited a production increase as the reason for
 the change.

 Thermo King Corporation in Bloomington,
 Minnesota (SIC code 3585), was second in
 increases with 4.0 million pounds. A manufacturer
 of components for transport refrigeration units, the
 Thermo King plant used 1,1,1-trichloroethane in a
 degreasing operation. The chemical was recycled
 through distillation and then reused. The facility
 contact attributed the increase only to increased
 hours of operation of an integral distillation unit.
 The contact also stated that aqueous cleaning
            operations replaced solvent degreasing at the end of
            1997.

            Sterilization Services of Virginia in Richmond,
            Virginia (SIC code 3559), was third in increases
            with 2.8 million pounds. An increase in reported
            on-site treatment of ethylene oxide, used as a
            sterilant for medical devices, accounted for 93% of
            the change. The facility contact cited the
            installation of scrubbers as the reason for the
            increase in on-site treatment.

            Amana Refrigeration, Inc., in Fayetteville,
            Tennessee (SIC code 3585), ranked first in
            decreases of waste managed with 34.8 million
            pounds. The heating and air conditioning
            equipment manufacturing plant eliminated a
506
-------
                                              Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machine*
degreasing process that used tricholorethylene as a
degreasing agent. Elimination of the process
resulted in a reported 34.6 million-pound decrease
between 1991 and 1996 (99% of the overall
decrease). The reduction was achieved by replacing
lubricants (used in the manufacture of heat
exchanger coils) requiring solvent degreasing with
an evaporative lubricant that does not require
physical removal.

Thermo King de Puerto Rico in Arecibo, Puerto
Rico (SIC code 3585), was second in decreases
with 7.7 million pounds. The facility manufactures
transport refrigeration units. Almost all of the
facility's decrease is accounted for by a reduction in
the amount 1,1,1-trichloroethane reported as
recycled on-site. The chemical was used in a
solvent degreasing system. The facility contact
stated that much of the reduction was attributable to
increased efficiency of the degreasing operation.
Subsequently, in March 1998, the solvent
degreasing system was replaced by an aqueous
cleaning system.

Modine Manufacturing Company in Lawrenceburg,
Tennessee (SIC code 3585), ranked third in
decreases of waste managed with an overall 6.9
million-pound reduction. The chemical, 1,1,1-
trichloroethane, accounted for 82% of the facility's
overall decrease. The change is the result of
substituting another chemical for 1,1,1-
trichloroethane, according to the facility contact.
Aluminum donut oil coolers and charge air coolers
for trucks are manufactured at the facility.

Facilities Contacted for Explanations
(alphabetical by facility):

   Amana Refrigeration, Inc., Fayetteville,
   Tennessee: R.R. Mahal, October 16, 1998
   (explanation provided)
   Beloit Corporation, Beloit, Wisconsin: Douglas
   R. McLeish, September 9,1998 (explanation
   provided)
Brunswick Corporation, Fond du Lac,
Wisconsin: Tom Baumgartner, September 22
and October 15, 1998 (explanation provided)
Carrier Corporation, Indianapolis, Indiana: Jami
Gay, October 16, 1998 (explanation provided)
Caterpillar Inc. Mossville Eng., Mossville,
minois: J.F. Dallmeyer, September 9,1998
(explanation provided)
Heatcraft, Inc., Grenada, Mississippi: Melvin
Noland, October 5,1998 (explanation provided)
John Deere Ottumwa Works, Ottumwa, Iowa
(no explanation provided)
Kobelco America, Inc., Calhoun, Georgia: John
J. Beck, October 23 and 28, 1998 (explanation
provided)
Lennox Industries, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas
(could not be reached for comment)
Lincoln Electric Company, Euclid, Ohio: Jim
Balazs, October 15,1998 (explanation
provided)
Mobile Pulley & Machine Works, Mobile,
Alabama: Ron Bishop, September 9,  1998
(explanation provided)
Modine Manufacturing Company,
Lawrenceburg, Tennessee: Kelly M. Weller,
October 16,1998 (explanation provided)
New Holland N.A., Inc., Grand Island,
Nebraska: Gerry L. Johnson, October 5,1998
(explanation provided)
P&H Mining Equipment, Milwaukee,
Wisconsin: Stuart Brock, September  16 and
October 13, 1998 (explanation provided)
Sterilization Services of Virginia, Richmond,
Virginia: Jonathan Wallace, October  19,1998
(explanation provided)
Thermo King Corporation, Bloomington,
Minnesota: Pedro Arce and Tim Rumon,
October 19, 1998 (explanation provided)
                                                                                             507
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         Chapter 13 — TRI Data for Industrial Machinery
    Thermo King de Puerto Rico, Arecibo, Puerto
    Rico: Janice E. Casado, September 16,1998
    (explanation provided)
    Xerox Corp., Webster, New York: Carla
    Santos, Tom Roberts, John Flaherty, and
    Annick Fraissinet, September 22-29,1998
    (explanation provided)
508
-------
                                Chapter 14
              Toxics Release Inventory Data
            for  Transportation (SIC Code  37)
A Look at the
Transportation Equipment

Industry (SIC Code 37)

The transportation equipment industry (SIC code
37) manufactures equipment to transport
passengers and cargo by land, air, and water. Its
best known product is the automobile. Automobile
manufacture (including parts) dominates this
sector; the largest industries are the production of
motor vehicles and car bodies (SIC code 3711) and
motor vehicle parts and accessories (SIC code
3714). Facilities that manufacture both motor
vehicles and parts are also classified in SIC code
3711. Other forms of transportation equipment
manufacturing range from aircraft to bicycles to
space vehicles. Box 14-1 lists the Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and their
designations for the various transportation
equipment categories. In TRI, SIC codes are given
as reported by the facilities; these may differ from
information in economic and other data collections.

Makers of transportation equipment shipped
$465.17 billion (in current dollars) in products in
1996 and employed 1.47 million. Approximately
one out of every 12 U.S. manufacturing employees
in 1996 worked in this sector. The value of
transportation equipment shipments was up slightly
from $461.80 billion (in current dollars) in 1995,
while employment was 1.52 million. Production in
this sector dropped in 1990 and 1991 but generally
increased thereafter. By 1996, production in the
transportation equipment sector showed a net
increase of just 1.0% since 1989, well behind the
average growth (17.6%) for all manufacturing
sectors during this period (see Chapter 1, Table
1-10). Employment in transportation equipment
steadily decreased through those years.

Motor Vehicles and Equipment

Motor vehicles and equipment (SIC code 371 at the
three-digit SIC code level) accounted for 70.8% of
the sector's 1996 value of shipments, $329.15
billion (in current dollars). This consisted of nearly
two-thirds ($200.70 billion) from motor vehicles
and car bodies (SIC code 3711), one-third ($110.99
billion) from motor vehicle parts and accessories
(SIC code 3714), and small amounts from other
industries such as the manufacture of truck and bus
bodies (SIC code 3713). Motor vehicles and
equipment also provided more than half the sector's
employment, 772,000 employees. Within this, parts
and accessories accounted for the larger portion,
employing 460,000, while production of motor
                                                                                509
-------
               Chapter 14 — TRIData for Transportation Equipment
  Box 14-1.  SIC Code 37, Transportation Equipment: Codes and Classifications
   SIC Code
                                                                 Industry Description
   371 Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment

         3711   Motor Vehicles and Passenger Car Bodies



         3713   Truck and Bus Bodies


         3714   Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories



         3715   Truck Trailers

         3716   Motor Homes

   372 Aircraft and Parts

         3721   Aircraft



         3724   Aircraft Engines and Engine Parts


         3728   Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment, nee*


   373 Ship and Boat Building and Repairing

         3731    Ship Building and Repairing


        3732   Boat Building and Repairing

   374 Railroad Equipment

        3743    Railroad Equipment



   375 Motorcycles, Bicycles, and Parts

        3751   Motorcycles, Bicycles, and Parts

   376 Guided Missiles and Space Vehicles and Parts

        3761   Guided Missiles and Space Vehicles


        3764   Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Units
               and Propulsion Unit Parts

        3769   Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary
               Equipment, nee*

   379 Miscellaneous Transportation Equipment

        3792   Travel Trailers and Campers


        3795   Tanks and Tank Components


        3799   Transportation Equipment, nee*
 Manufacture or assembly of complete passenger automobiles, tracks, commercial
 cars and buses, and special purpose motor vehicles for highway use.  Manufacture of
 chassis and passenger car bodies.

 Manufacture of truck and bus bodies and cabs. Assembly of truck and bus bodies on
 purchased chassis.

 Manufacture of motor vehicle parts and accessories (excludes tires, glass, automobile
 stampings, lighting equipment, ignition systems, batteries, carburetors, and engine
 parts).

 Manufacture of truck trailers, detachable truck bodies (cargo containers), and chassis.

 Manufacture of self-contained motor homes on purchased chassis.
 Manufacture or assembly of complete aircraft. Research and development on aircraft
 (establishments owned by aircraft manufacturers). Repair and rebuilding of aircraft
 on a factory basis.

 Manufacture of aircraft engines and engine parts (including research and
 development; factory repair and rebuilding of engines).

 Manufacture of miscellaneous aircraft parts and equipment (including research and
 development).
 Building and repairing of ships, barges, and lighters. Conversion and alteration of
 ships. Manufacture of off-shore oil and gas well drilling and production platforms.

 Building and repairing of boats (excluding rubber and nonrigid plastics boats).
Building and rebuilding of locomotives (including frames and parts). Building and
rebuilding of railroad, street,-and rapid transit cars and equipment for operation on
rails (except mining cars).
Manufacture of motorcycles, bicycles, and similar equipment, and parts.
Manufacture of complete guided missiles and space vehicles (including research and
development).

Manufacture of guided missile propulsion units and parts (including research and
development

Manufacture of miscellaneous guided missile and space vehicle parts and equipment.
Manufacture of travel trailers and campers for attachment to cars or other vehicles.
Manufacture of campers and caps for pickup trucks.

Manufacture of complete tanks, specialized components for tanks, and self-propelled
weapons.

Manufacture of miscellaneous transportation equipment, including all-terrain
vehicles, boat trailers, golfcarts, snowmobiles, wheelbarrows, and others.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
510
-------
                                          Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
vehicles and car bodies employed about half that
number (225,000). Accounting for nearly
three-quarters of the sector's value of shipments
and more than half of the sector's employment,
these two industry sectors accounted for much of
the sector's TRI reporting.

Motor vehicle producers are consolidating and
simplifying production. The Big Three U.S. auto
producers—General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler—
are involved in controlling, owning, or merging
with foreign automotive companies, while also
engaging in alliances to produce foreign
automobiles in the United States. In addition,
foreign auto manufacturers from abroad have
located independent plants in the U.S. states over
the last 15 years. Automotive parts suppliers are
similarly undergoing consolidation into fewer,
larger companies. At the same time, basic
automotive structures (a vehicle's "platform") are
being simplified to reduce cost by reducing parts
and enabling the interchange of parts.

Motor vehicle parts production (SIC code 3714)
includes the manufacture of a number of
fundamental automotive parts, including non-diesel
engines, brakes, wiring harnesses, drive shafts,
differentials, exhaust systems, steering
mechanisms,  and others. Many vehicle parts,
however, are  classified outside of the transportation
equipment sector. Tires are a rubber product (SIC
code 30); automobile glass is classified with other
glass in SIC code 32; automobile stampings are
fabricated metals (SIC code 34); lighting systems
are electrical equipment (SIC code 36); carburetors,
pistons, piston rings, and engine intake and exhaust
valves are classified in industrial machinery (SIC
code 35). Automotive seats are considered furniture
(SIC code 25).

Approximately 80% of the parts and accessories
industry has provided vehicle manufacturers
original automotive equipment. The remaining 20%
supplied replacement parts for the aftermarket. In
recent years, however, the improved quality and
durability of original equipment have kept the
replacement parts market constant.

Steel remains the largest material used (by weight)
in vehicle production, followed by iron, plastics
and composites, fluids and lubricants, aluminum,
and rubber. Although production processes vary
widely, as evidenced by the variety of materials,
most include casting, forging, molding, extrusion,
stamping, and welding. Metal parts may be cleaned,
coated, painted, etched, or electroplated. Major
structural pieces are welded together, including the
underbody, side assemblies, roof supports, and
roof. Assembled vehicles must then be welded in as
many  as 4,000 places. Finishing operations include
anti-corrosion processes, priming, joint sealing, and
color- and clear-coat applications. Finally, all
components are assembled, hard trim, soft trim, gas
tank, exhaust system, bumpers, engine, and tires.
                                                Sources
    Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 2987:
       Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and industry descriptions.
    U.S. Industry & Trade Outlook '98, DRI/McGraw Hill, Standard & Poor's, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
       International Trade Administration, 1998: economic analyses, also provides some information on environment and
       industrial processes for selected industries.
    U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufactures: Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries, M96(AS)-1,
       February 1998 : value of shipments and employment.
       Supplemental data from U.S. Census Bureau  for some industries.
    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Office of Compliance, Profile
       of the Motor Vehicle Assembly Industry, Sector Notebook project, EPA/310-R-95-009, September 1995; Profile of the
       Shipbuilding and Repair Industry, Sector Notebook project, EPA/310-R-97-008, November 1997
       : industry processes and technologies, pollutant sources, and selected
       economic data.
                                                                                                   511
-------
           Chapter 14 — TRl Data for Transportation Equipment
 Table 14-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37
Total Total
On- and Production-
Orr-sltc related
Releases Waste
Rank Rank
1
5
2
9
11
6
13
8
7
4
10
15
19
16
17
12
18
14
3
20

2
7
1
11
13
8
4
9
5
6
10
12
19
16
17
15
18
14
3
20

SIC
Code
3711
3713
3714
3715
3716
3721
3724
3728
3731
3732
3743
3751
3761
3764
3769
3792
3795
3799



Total
Industry Facilities
Number
Motor Vehicles & Car Bodies
Truck & Bus Bodies
Motor Vehicle Parts & Accessories
Truck Trailers
Motor Homes
Aircraft
Aircraft Engines & Engine Parts
Aircraft Parts & Equipment, nee*
Ship Building & Repairing
Boat Building & Repairing
Railroad Equipment
Motorcycles, Bicycles, & Parts
Guided Missiles & Space Vehicles
Space Propulsion Units & Parts
Space Vehicle Equipment, nee*
Travel Trailers & Campers
Tanks & Tank Components
Transportation Equipment, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 37
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 37
Total for SIC Code 37
71
55
495
43
22
36
58
76
41
166
33
7
4
5
2
35
9
23
65
2
1,248
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
1,006
238
1,389
110
71
154
199
172
171
287
83
30
11
8
17
50
20
53
252
10
4,331
53
16
48
2
6
3
20
6
3
28
3
2
0
0
3
1
0
5
14
1
214
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
40,587,234
4,770,261
16,080,845
1,821,756
1,353,532
4,280,481
644,882
2,412,299
2,750,991
11,301,287
1,328,152
721,200
97,590
475,327
213,862
1,276,632
178,435
900,726
12,331,760
95,832
103,623,084
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
1,517,251
133,698
4,348,414
16,370
1,438
62,547
430,432
120,680
191,201
11,007
210,868
9,050
35,314
975
256
49,181
4,385
7,101
578,421
1,096
7,729,685
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
42,104,485
4,903,959
20,429,259
1,838,126
1,354,970
4,343,028
1,075,314
2,532,979
2,942,192
11,312,294
1,539,020
730,250
132,904
476,302
214,118
1,325,813
182,820
907,827
12,910,181
96,928
111,352,769
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
FiCilitlcs/fonns with moce than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility incoirectly reported 6,211,171
pounds of total releases under multiple codes in SIC code 37. The correct amount is 750. The total releases rank of multiple codes within SIC code 37 changes
from 3 to 4.
*n*« no* elsewhere classified.
 Materials in most of these processes—from binders
 used in sand-casting iron components to adhesives
 used in attaching trim—may contribute to releases
 or other waste management of toxic chemicals.
 Many processes involve solvents, in addition to
 wide-ranging uses of metals. During automotive
 assembly, the most significant chemical releases
 and wastes occur during vehicle painting and
 finishing. Air emissions result from both the
 paint/finish applications and cleaning operations,
 and consist primarily of organic solvents. In
 addition to their use as a cleaning agent, solvents
 such as xylenes are components of many finishes
 and coatings.
Aerospace and Shipbuilding

Aircraft (SIC code 372) represented the second-
largest economic activity in the transportation
equipment sector, with 1996 shipments valued at
$83.39 billion (in current dollars) and 377,000
employees. Guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC code 376) was third with $17.93 billion in
shipments. Employment in the guided missiles and
space vehicles category was comparatively small at
81,000. These two SIC codes (372 and 376) make
up the aerospace industry. Ship and boat building
and repair (SIC code 373) was fourth in economic
activity in the sector, with shipments of $15.63
billion and employment of 141,000. Although TRI
reporting is dominated by vehicle manufacturing,
the production of aircraft, ships, boats, and their
parts also contributed to releases and waste
management reported to TRI in this sector in 1996.
512
-------
                                          Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment


Table 14-1. Summary of TRI Information by4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37, Continued
SIC
Code
3711
3713
3714
3715
3716
3721
3724
3728
3731
3732
3743
3751
3761
3764
3769
3792
3795
3799



Industry
Motor Vehicles & Car Bodies
Truck & Bus Bodies
Motor Vehicle Parts & Accessories
Truck Trailers
Motor Homes
Aircraft
Aircraft Engines & Engine Parts
Aircraft Parts & Equipment, nee*
Ship Building & Repairing
Boat Building & Repairing
Railroad Equipment
Motorcycles, Bicycles, & Parts
Guided Missiles & Space Vehicles
Space Propulsion Units & Parts
Space Vehicle Equipment, nee*
Travel Trailers & Campers
Tanks & Tank Components
Transportation Equipment, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 37
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 37
Total for SIC Code 37
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
14,741,945
441,106
16,813,336
115,775
10,799
1,627,828
5,341,491
1,296,527
2,740,363
1,200
96,610
222,010
77,954
55,754
182,510
5,500
181,097
140,493
3,407,047
0
47,499,345
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
46,128,216
4,308,171
103,728,587
996,221
255,175
2,283,762
11,984,305
2,504,350
7,760,908
469,057
1,983,439
679,411
80,087
810,222
133,450
41,456
128,960
330,419
8,561,588
25,518
193,193,302
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
108,642,104
9,383,177
145,532,921
2,929,762
1,663,970
8,282,570
18,474,826
6,312,036
12,528,303
11,767,867
3,636,132
1,768,278
271,040
1,340,458
525,297
1,350,125
502,511
1,412,522
18,724,061
121,350
355,169,310
Non-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
12,141
50
33,970
1,183
0
23,050
64,854
1,257
0
37,995
0
0
15,700
319
2,460
0
0
3,903

196,882
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility incorrectly reported 6,211,171
pounds of total releases under multiple codes in SIC code 37. The correct amount is 750. The total releases rank of multiple codes within SIC code 37 changes
from 3 to 4.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.

                                                     Motor vehicle manufacture—specifically, motor
                                                     vehicle parts and accessories (SIC code 3714) with
                                                     1,389 forms and motor vehicles and car bodies
                                                     (SIC code 3711) with 1,006  forms—accounted for
                                                     more than half (55.3%) of the submitted forms.
                                                     Boat building and repairing (SIC code 3732) was
                                                     third with 287.
1996 TRI Data for

Transportation  Equipment

Table 14-1 summarizes TRI reporting by the
transportation equipment sector for 1996. More
than 4,300 forms were submitted in this industry
for 1996. Of these, 214, or 4.9%, were Form A
certification statements, certifying that a facility's
total annual reportable amount of a TRI chemical
was less than 500 pounds for the year and that the
facility did not manufacture, process, or otherwise
use more than 1 million pounds. This is less than
half the percentage of Form As (10.1 %) submitted
in all industries. (The Form A certification
statement is explained in Chapter 1.)
                                                     As shown in Table 14-1, the two motor vehicle
                                                     industries also reported the largest amounts of
                                                     releases and waste management, ranking first or
                                                     second in the summary categories and accounted
                                                     for more than half the reporting in the transporta-
                                                     tion equipment SIC code. Producers of motor
                                                     vehicles and car bodies (SIC code 3711) reported
                                                     42.1 million pounds of on-and off-site releases,
                                                     37.8% of the sector's total. On-site releases were
                                                     40.6 million pounds for motor vehicles and car
                                                     bodies, 39.2% of the sector's total.
                                                                                                  513
-------
          Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
 Producers of motor vehicle parts and accessories
 (SIC code 3714) reported the largest amounts in
 other categories, as shown in Table 14-1. Off-site
 releases reported by motor vehicle parts
 manufacturing equaled 4.3 million pounds,
 representing 56.3% of the sector's total off-site
 releases. This  industry reported 16.8 million pounds
 in other on-site waste management, which was
 35.4% of the sector's total. Reporting in SIC code
 3714 totaled 103.7 million pounds in transfers off-
 site for waste management (53.7% of the total) and
 145.5 million pounds in production-related waste
 (41.0%).

 Boat building  and repairing (SIC code 3732)
 ranked third for total releases with 11.3 million
 pounds. (The larger amount of releases in the
 multiple-codes category reflects a facility reporting
 error). Aircraft engines and engine parts (SIC code
 3724) ranked third for other on-site waste
 management (5.3 million pounds) and third for
 transfers off-site for further waste management
 (12.0 million pounds). For total production-related
 waste, forms submitted with more than one four-
 digit SIC code ranked third. This reporting of
 multiple SIC codes, explained below, accounted for
 18.7 million pounds of production-related waste.

 Multiple SIC  Codes in SIC Code 37

 Some facilities in the transportation equipment
 sector manufacture products  in similar but distinct
 categories, as designated in the Standard Industrial
 Classification  (SIC) system. One common
 combination is manufacturing both automobiles
 (SIC code 3711) and motor vehicle parts (SIC code
 3714). To describe their operations, some of these
 facilities may report both SIC codes  on their TRI
 forms (others may report only SIC code 3711,
 which covers both automobiles and parts when they
are manufactured by the same facility). Facilities in
other segments of the transportation equipment
sector may also produce multiple items—for
example, miscellaneous parts for aircraft (SIC code
3728) and miscellaneous parts for guided missiles
or space vehicles (SIC code 3769). These facilities
also may report multiple SIC codes on their TRI
forms. (Box 1-5 in Chapter 1 further explains
reporting of multiple SIC codes and its affect on the
analyses presented in the TRI data release.)

There were 252 forms that reported more than one
four-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 in 1996.
Table 14-2 examines reporting by this
multiple-codes group. The most frequent pairing,
reported on 61 forms, combined manufacturing
activities of the two biggest industries: motor
vehicles and passenger car bodies (SIC code 3711)
and motor vehicle parts and accessories (SIC code
3714). This combination reported 2.7 million
pounds of total on- and off-site releases and 7.6
million pounds of total production-related waste in
1996. These amounts represented the largest total
releases and the largest total production-related
waste reported by multiple-codes groups in SIC
code 37. (One facility reporting SIC codes 373 i
and 3743 reported 6.2 million pounds of air  -
emissions in error.)

On-  and Off-site Releases

Air emissions constituted the overwhelming
majority of on- and off-site releases in 1996 by
the transportation equipment sector: 102.7 million
pounds (including a facility reporting error of 6.2
million pounds). On-site land releases totaled
705,000 pounds, mostly in land disposal other
than RCRA subtitle C landfills. Surface water
discharges were 224,000 pounds. No underground
injection was reported. Off-site releases totaled 7.7
million pounds, the next-largest release type after
514
-------
                                            Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
Table 14-2.  Multiple SIC Codes, 1996:  Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37
Total
SIC Codes Forms Form As
Number Number
3711
3711
3711
3711
3713
3713
3713
3713
3713
3714
3714
3714
3715
3716
3716
3716
3720
3721
3721
3721
3724
3724
3724
3724
3728
3728
3731
3731
3732
3743
3764
3792
3
3713
3713 3714
3714
3751
3714
3714 3792
3715
3732
3799
3751
3795
3799
3799
3792
3792 3798
3799
3721
3724
3724 3728
3728
3728
3728 3769
3728 3769 3795
3769
3764
3769
3732
3743
3799
3799
3769
3799
3714
Total for SIC Code 37
23
3
61
26
4
1
5
2
1
14
2
1
7
4
1
1
3
4
2
6
7
2
1
3
9
23
7
6
5
10
3
3
2
252
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
4
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
14
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
670,439
112,379
' 2,643,322
101,416
98,408
163,678
8,450
60,799
25,028
19,452
78,945
17,236
78,989
71,493
28,278
10,521
64,010
19,410
30,800
89,589
45,941
8,690
16,553
12,694
182,521
483,781
86,185
6,365,071
103,443
324,494
93,910
206,223
9,612
12,331,760
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
22,768
177,412
16,741
1,551
0
0
0
0
0
311,604
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,735
0
0
108
0
0
0
0
0
20,237
0
0
0
24,195
70
0
0
578,421
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off-site for
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
693,207
289,791
2,660,063
102,967
98,408
163,678
8,450
60,799
25,028
331,056
78,945
17,236
78,989
71,493
28,278
10,521
67,745
19,410
30,800
89,697
45,941
8,690
16,553
12,694
182,521
504,018
86,185
6,365,071
103,443
348,689
93,980
206,223
9,612
12,910,447
396,364
0
1,126,390
7,864
31,709
0
0
0
0
1,166,400
0
0
0
1,280
0
0
0
0
5,000
4,640
16,632
0
0
1,668
95,400
518,700
0
30,000
0
0
5,000
0
0
3,407,047
944,168
0
3,774,429
47,110
8,637
0
5,270
1,848
10,784
305,028
500
2,008
28,464
6,367
1,000
7,892
23,589
183,132
3,450
8,273
79,103
3,340
343
32,116
85,626
585,711
58,930
402,481
11,480
1,909,938
0
10,073
20,498
8,561,588
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
2,029,701
289,791
7,574,110
155,805
138,755
163,678
17,720
62,647
32,642
1,798,213
82,293
19,244
115,867
78,672
28,927
18,413
91,393
202,137
39,100
101,789
132,764
12,030
16,896
46,313
403,124
1,628,742
150,582
586,331
114,923
2,241,138
103,920
216,296
30,105
18,724,061
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2,800
0
0
3,903
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases are transfers off-site to disposal
from Section 6 of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 of Form R. Total Production-related Waste sums
Section 8 of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents). One facility incorrectly reported 6,211,171 pounds of air
emissions under SIC codes 3731 and 3743. The correct amount is 750.
                                                       equipment sector. The largest category was
                                                       treatment, 29.5 million pounds or nearly two-thirds
                                                       (62.1%) of the total other on-site waste
                                                       management. Recycling was 16.5 million pounds;
                                                       relatively little energy recovery (1.5 million
                                                       pounds) was reported on-site.

                                                       The motor vehicles and car bodies industry (SIC
                                                       code 3711) reported 14.0 million pounds, or 47.4%
                                                       of all on-site treatment in this sector. For on-site
                                                       recycling, the motor vehicle parts industry (SIC
                                                       code 3714) reported the largest amount, 9.1 million
                                                       pounds (55.0%). Of the 18 industries in the sector,
air emissions. Table 14-3 and Figure 14-1 present
the sector's releases by type.

As noted earlier, two industries accounted for the
majority of the sector's releases: motor vehicles
and car bodies (SIC code 3711) and motor vehicle
parts and accessories (SIC code 3714). Figure 14-2
shows the distribution of on- and off-site releases
for the industries (four-digit SIC code) with the
sector's largest releases.

Other On-site Waste Management

Table  14-4 and Figure 14-3 show other on-site
waste management reported in the transportation
                                                                                                     515
-------
            Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
 Table 14-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37 (in Rank Order)

SIC
Cod*

3711
3714

3732
3713
3721
3731
3728
3715
3743
3716
3792
3724
3799
37S1
3764
3769
3795
3761




Industry

Motor Vchlefcs & CM Bodies
Motor Vehicle Parts & Accessories
Multiple within SIC Code 37
Boat BuiUing & Repairing
Truck & Bus Bodies
Aireatt
Ship Building & Repairing
Aircraft Pam & Equipment, nee*
Truck Trailers
Railroad Equipment
Motor Homes
Travel Trailers & Campers
Aircraft Engines & Engine Pans
Transportation Equipment, nee*
Motorcycles, Bicycles, & Parts
Spice Propulsion Units & Pans
Space Vehicle Equipment, nee*
Tanks & Tank Components
Guided Missiles & Space Vehicles
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 37
Total for SIC Code 37

Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
40,561,496
15,634,030
12,323,358
11,274,153
4,719,018
4,247,896
2,707,317
2,396,026
1,705,764
1,328,150
1,353,532
1,276,385
484,200
900,151
721,200
475,327
213,862
178,348
97,590
95,832
102,693,635
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
10,428
83,564
2,901
0
3,257
16,719
19,752
324
265
1
0
0
86,909
28
0
0
0
0
0
0
224,148
Underground Injection
Class I
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Class H-V
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills
Pounds
14,445
51,929
266
0
0
15,830
0
4,128
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
87
0
0
86,685
Releases
Pounds
865
311,322
5,235
27,134
47,986
36
23,922
11,821
115,727
1
0
247
73,773
547
0
0
0
0
0
0
618,616
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
40,587,234
16,080,845
12,331,760
11,301,287
4,770,261
4,280,481
2,750,991
2,412,299
1,821,756
1,328,152
1,353,532
1,276,632
644,882
900,726
721,200
475,327
213,862
178,435
97,590
95,832
103,623i084
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
1,517,251
4,348,414
578,421
11,007
133,698
62,547
191,201
120,680
16,370
210,868
1,438
49,181
430,432
7,101
9,050
975
256
4,385
35,314
1,096
7,729,685
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
42,104,485
20,429,259
12,910,181
11,312,294
4,903,959
4,343,028
2,942,192
2,532,979
1,838,126
1,539,020
1,354,970
1,325,813
1,075,314
907,827
730,250
476,302
214,118
182,820
132,904
96,928
111,352,769
No(c: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility incorrectly reported 6,211,171 pounds of air emissions under multiple codes in
SIC code 37. The correct amount is 750. The total releases rank of multiple codes within SIC code 37 changes from 3 to 4.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
          Other On-site
         Land Releases
             0.6%
Transfers Off-site
  to Disposal
    6.9%
      Air
     92.2%
                RCRA Subtitle C Landfills = 0.1%
                Surface Water = 0.2%
                Underground Injection = 0%
    Rgure 14-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site
        Releases, 1996:  Transportation Equipment
   	        (SIC Code 37)
Note: On-sJtc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from
Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
three reported on-site energy recovery. Figure 14-4
illustrates the distribution of on-site waste
management reporting for the top 10 industries in
this sector.

Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

Table 14-5 presents transfers off-site for further
waste management for industries in the
transportation equipment sector. Transfers to
recycling were 165.0 million pounds, or 85.4% of
all such transfers in this sector. Motor vehicle parts
manufacturers (SIC code 3714) reported 95.5
million pounds, or 57.9%, of transfers to recycling,
and producers of motor vehicles and car bodies
(SIC code 3711) reported 36.8 million pounds, or
22.3%.

These two industries  also ranked first or second for
most other types of transfers. The exception was
transfers off-site to treatment. The second-largest
amount of transfers off-site to treatment was
 516
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                                         Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
               45,000,000
                                                          H Transfers Off-site to Disposal
                                                          • Other On-site Land Releases
                                                          El RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
                                                          nUIJ, Class II-V Wells
                                                          DUIJ, Class! Wells
                                                          H Surface Water
                                                          HAir
                         3711
                               3714
                                     Mult.
                                           3732
                                                 3713
                                                       3721
                                                             3731
                                                                   3728
                                                                         3715
                                                                               3743
      Figure 14-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
                             Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal). UU = underground injection. Forms with
more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility incorrectly reported 6,211,171 pounds of air emissions
under multiple codes in SIC code 37. The correct amount is 750. The total releases rank of multiple codes within SIC code 37 changes from 3 to 4.
reported by makers of aircraft engines and engine
parts (2.1  million pounds, SIC code 3724).

Figure 14-5 illustrates the distribution of types of
off-site transfers for further waste management, and
Figure 14-6 shows the data for the top industries in
this sector.

1996  TRI Data  by State for
Transportation  Equipment

States prominent in motor vehicle manufacturing
led TRI reporting in this sector, as would be
expected. Michigan produces more than 3 million
vehicles per year, and Ohio, Missouri, and
Kentucky each produce more than 1 million
annually. Detroit hosts 19 assembly plants for cars
or light trucks, all owned by one of the Big Three
automakers (General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler).
Missouri also produces vehicles for the Big Three
(mostly light trucks), but 33% of Ohio's vehicle
output is for Honda, and 40% of Kentucky's is for
Toyota. Other states manufacturing from 500,000
to 1 million vehicles per year are Alabama, Illinois,
New York, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas.
To reduce shipping costs, automakers and their
suppliers in the parts and accessories industry have
traditionally located close to one another.
Shipbuilding, as would be expected, occurs largely
in coastal states, including Washington, California,
several Gulf Coast states, and Virginia. Centers of
aircraft production include Kansas (small  aircraft)
and Washington state.
                                                                                                517
-------
           Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
                                                                                              Recycled
                                                                                              On-site
                                                                                               34.8%
                                                        Treated
                                                        On-site
                                                         62.1 %
 As shown in Table 14-6, more forms in SIC code
 37 were submitted in Michigan (683) than in any
 other state. Ohio was second with 488 and Indiana
 was third with 394. Together, these three states
 accounted for more than one third (36.1%) of all
 forms in the sector.

 These three states also led for total on- and off-site
 releases. Michigan reported 15.6 million pounds,
 Indiana 10.0 million pounds, and Ohio 9.5 million
 pounds. The three states accounted for 31.5% of the
 total releases. Michigan had the largest on-site
 releases, 15.0 million pounds, and Indiana was
 second with 9.2 million pounds. Ranking third was
 Missouri with 8.3 million pounds. For off-site
 releases, Ohio had the largest amount, 2.1 million
 pounds; other states and territories all had less than
 1 million pounds in this release type.

Table 14-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37 (in Rank Order)
                                                                                           Energy Recovery
                                                                                              On-site
                                                                                              3.1%
                                                          Figure 14-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste
                                                            Management, 1996: Transportation Equipment
                                                                          (SIC Code 37)
                                                      Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
SIC
Code
37J4
3711
3724

3731
3721
3728
3713
3751
3769
3795
3799
3715
3743
3761
3764
3716
3792
3732


Industry
Motor Vehicle Parts & Accessories
Motor Vehicles & Car Bodies
Aircraft Engines & Engine Ports
Multiple within SIC Code 37
Ship Building & Repairing
Aircraft
Aircraft Parts & Equipment, nee*
Thick & Bus Bodies
Motorcycles, Bicycles, & Parts
Space Vehicle Equipment, nee*
Tanks & Tank Components
Transportation Equipment, nee*
Truck Trailers
Railroad Equipment
Guided Missiles & Space Vehicles
Spice Propulsion Units & Parts
Motor Homes
Travel Trailers & Campers
Boat Building & Repairing
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 37
Total for SIC Code 37
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
9,082,191
217,094
4,146,424
1,666,978
51,741
533,700
83,108
73,230
69,810
142,910
156,390
108,491
93,375
80,498
295
0
10,799
5,500
700
0
16,523,234
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
13,903
535,506
0
852,360
0
0
57,190
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,458,959
Treated
On-site
Pounds
7,717,242
13,989,345
1,195,067
887,709
2,688,622
1,094,128
1,156,229
367,876
152,200
39,600
24,707
32,002
22,400
16,112
77,659
55,754
0
0
500
0
29,517,152
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
16,813,336
14,741,945
5,341,491
3,407,047
2,740,363
1,627,828
1,296,527
441,106
222,010
182,510
181,097
140,493
115,775
96,610
77,954
55,754
10,799
5,500
1,200
0
47,499,345
Notes Other Oil-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the
"multiple" category.
•nccj not elsewhere classified.
 518
-------
                                                 Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
                  18,000,000
                            3714
                                   3711
                                          3724
                                                 Mult.
                                                        3731
                                                               3721
                                                                      3728
                                                                             3713
                                                                                    3751
                                                                                           3769
               Figure 14-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest
                           Totals, 1996:  Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37)
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the
"multiple" category.

Table 14-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:  Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37 (in Rank
Order)


SIC
Code

37I4
371 1
3724

3731
3713
3728
3721
3743
3715
3764
3751
3732
3799
3716
3769
3795
3761
3792





Industry

Motor Vehicle Parts & Accessories
Motor Vehicles & Car Bodies
Aircraft Engines & Engine Parts
Multiple within SIC Code 37
Ship Building & Repairing
Truck & Bus Bodies
Aircraft Parts & Equipment, nee*
Aircraft
Railroad Equipment
Truck Trailers
Space Propulsion Units & Parts
Motorcycles, Bicycles, & Parts
Boat Building & Repairing
Transportation Equipment, nee*
Motor Homes
Space Vehicle Equipment, nee*
Tanks & Tank Components
Guided Missiles & Space Vehicles
Travel Trailers & Campers
Invalid SIC Cot", within SIC Code 37
Total for SIC Code 37


Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
95,508,335
36,825,062
9,574,732
7,172,331
6,677,056
2,723,533
1,696,287
799,247
1,400,556
796,026
762,576
619,863
84,831
24,086
130,410
65,200
88,599
34,694
515
2,464
164,986,403

Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
2,494,903
5,209,256
38,782
960,037
965,576
1,406,098
316,132
949,147
546,857
142,220
39,071
58,273
323,954
282,898
94,838
33,055
0
20,093
40,691
23,044
13,944,925


Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
3,644,407
1,278,966
2,099,992
370,295
1 15,758
88,149
452,660
417,523
34,779
57,105
8,570
770
10,296
15,275
5,004
35,195
40,356
676
250
0
8,676,026


Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
2,080,692
2,814,932
263,153
58,925
2,518
90,391
39,271
117,845
1,247
620
5
505
49,976
8,160
24,923
0
5
24,624
0
10
5,577,802

Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
250
0
7,646
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,146
Total Off-site
Transfers
for Further
Waste
Management
Pounds
103,728,587
46,128,216
11,984,305
8,561,588
7,760,908
4,308,171
2,504,350
2,283,762
1,983,439
996,221
810,222
679,411
469,057
330,419
255,175
133,450
128,960
80,087
41,456
25,518
193,193,302
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                 519
-------
            Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
           To Treatment
             4.5%*
To POTWs
 2.9 %
    To Energy
    Recovery
      7.2%
  To Recycling
     85.4 %
                                       Other Off-site
                                       Transfers < 0.1 %
    Figure 14-5.  Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for
     Further Waste Management, 1996: Transportation
                Equipment (SIC Code 37)
Michigan also had the largest other on-site waste
management, 10.4 million pounds, followed by
Ohio with 7.5 million pounds. Third was Texas
with 4.4 million pounds. For transfers off-site for
further waste management, Ohio ranked first with
43.6 million pounds. Indiana was second with 28.0
million pounds, and Michigan was third with 20.9
Michigan also had the largest other on-site waste
management, 10.4 million pounds, followed by
million pounds. All other states reported less than
10 million pounds in transfers off-site for further
waste management.
 Notes Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6
 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers
 *re transfers reported without a valid waste management code.
             120,000,000
             100,000,000
              80,000,000
              60,000,000
              40,000,000 •
              20,000,000 -
                                                 • Other Off-site Transfers
                                                 Q To POTWs
                                                 n To Treatment
                                                 E3 To Energy Recovery
                                                 m To Recycling
                         3714
                                 3711
                                         3724
                       Mult.
                                                        3731
                                       3713
                                                                        3728
                                                      3721
                                                                                       3743
                                                                     3715
             Figure 14-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes
                  with Largest Totals, 1996:  Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37)
Note: OfT-slte Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 520
-------
                                                     Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
Table 14-6.  Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996:  Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37
Total
State Facilities
Number
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Total for SIC Code 37
28
10
19
69
5
23
2
69
36
1
3
49
124
18
26
36
13
8
12
7
131
20
17
39
10
2
3
9
2
25
37
3
102
20
17
32
1
5
26
8
47
36
14
3
19
32
2
28
1,248
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
75
33
56
169
9
61
22
146
122
2
5
154
394
55
85
164
62
31
41
12
683
59
23
195
39
3
7
42
12
67
103
10
488
61
53
94
1
13
56
16
159
134
24
13
84
87
5
102
4,331
4
2
2
8
0
0
1
21
4
0
0
13
29
3
1
4
2
0
0
0
29
9
1
1
2
0
0
3
0
2
7
0
40
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
9
5
0
0
6
1
1
1
214
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
1,897,506
328,735
1,093,596
2,826,891
59,096
285,131
686,694
3,379,853
4,971,496
54,500
47,115
2,407,382
9,158,621
863,379
2,298,781
7,161,312
687,664
212,458
1,318,674
19,158
14,957,040
1,631,165
340,430
8,283,279
655,674
6,581
14,465
910,300
38,848
622,302
1,499,664
58,978
7,467,538
1,527,141
7,405,804
1,804,100
2,210
46,869
878,202
112,982
5,910,733
2,756,266
649,570
1,558
2,586,819
1,903,327
100,646
1,692,551
103,623,084
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
79,749
361,510
2,165
255,688
7,435
132,572
3,350
18,918
98,807
2,150
0
415,844
798,127
44,205
23,492
510,709
161,529
8,971
39,521
35,452
675,737
9,645
10,373
191,666
84,899
0
22,750
42,849
1,317
44,851
241,266
750
2,050,635
65,565
44,060
167,802
0
1,021
12,204
798
208,516
196,636
39,655
8,657
474,722
49,941
30,180
52,996
7,729,685
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off-site for
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
1,977,362
690,290
1,095,838
3,082,825
66,545
417,787
690,069
3,399,007
5,070,465
56,653
47,123
2,823,442
9,957,295
907,660
2,322,385
7,672,225
849,270
221,468
1,358,248
54,629
15,633,620
1,640,898
350,844
8,475,180
740,624
6,586
37,225
953,203
40,179
667,247
1,741,077
59,741
9,518,803
1,592,788
7,449,934
1,972,030
2,212
47,908
890,488
113,804
6,119,464
2,953,077
689,263
10,231
3,061,650
1,953^88
130,834
1,745,678
111,358,562
209,835
187,815
168,680
1,864,859
0
726,200
72,933
137,315
3,007,356
0
141,700
2,664,938
1,419,081
20,201
324,106
2,659,668
458,400
45,000
162,809
214,179
10,430,286
264,500
70,000
1,531,121
384,023
1,995,132
36,621
329,405
55,447
238,794
183,773
31,000
7,486,310
342,276
353,774
2,064,350
0
0
403,944
0
991,798
4,359,090
322
50,660
604,491
332,786
0
474,367
47,499,345
2,069,576
4,117,579
532,909
2,223,971
87,092
3,028,776
743,409
605,304
4,883,247
0
302
7,870,450
28,010,292
2,296,331
1,744,653
7,718,853
2,444,879
2,832,983
1,518,889
115,313
20,881,129
1,497,996
7,003,824
7,948,441
946,139
357,754
234,491
1,002,994
831,163
2,566,961
2,519,779
27,012
43,648,669
845,685
5,812,805
3,353,979
7,370
5,368
1,154,668
238,989
5,068,471
4,089,465
562,189
2,254,628
1,243,418
2,132,156
324,445
3,788,506
193,193,302
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
4,220,480
4,993,020
1,777,997
7,271,702
175,526
4,317,358
1,507,111
3,948,552
12,588,842
56,000
189,103
13,372,924
41,093,386
3,049,651
4,492,754
19,619,287
3,733,667
1,568,829
3,034,025
372,302
51,532,371
3,408,239
7,424,255
18,772,403
2,061,261
2,359,434
219,839
2,270,647
926,346
4,613,715
4,592,783
92,402
61,464,229
2,786,286
7,423,762
7,078,720
9,580
53,109
2,618,663
352,395
11,891,194
11,605,294
1,238,886
2,305,571
5,777,906
4,466,902
425,037
6,015,565
355,169,310
12,158
15,770
20
26,095
1,100
35
0
10,000
12,537
0
0
4,335
750
0'
16
0
767
0
300
0
1,051
0
0
9,875
20
0
64,610
0
0
0
0
0
4,286
0
60
3
0
0
0
0
0
2,385
19
0
30,000
690
0
0
196,882
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R.  On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R,  Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents). One
facility in Oregon incorrectly reported 6,211,171 pounds of total releases. The correct amount is 750.
                                                                                                                            521
-------

          Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
 Ohio reported the largest total production-related
 waste (61.5 million pounds), followed by Michigan
 (51.5 million pounds) and Indiana (41.1 million
 pounds). All other states and territories had less
 than 20 million pounds each in this category.

 Map 14-1 illustrates the geographic distribution of
 total on- and off-site releases in the transportation
 equipment sector.


 1996TRIDftaby

 Chemical for

 Transportation  Equipment

 As shown in Table 14-7, the top 15 chemicals
 reported in the transportation equipment sector
 amounted to 97.1 million pounds of on- and off-site
 releases, or 87.2% of the sector's total of 111.4
 million pounds. The bulk of this reporting occurred
 in air emissions, which totaled 94.0 million pounds,
 or 96.8% of total on- and off-site releases, for the
 15 chemicals. (Excluding a reporting error of 6.2
 million pounds of air emissions of manganese
 would not substantially alter this analysis.) Only for
 the 15th-ranked chemical, asbestos, was the
 majority of releases to another category, which was
 to off-site releases (transfers to disposal). All of the
 off-site releases of asbestos were reported by the
 motor vehicle parts and accessories industry (SIC
 code 3714); asbestos is used in clutch and brake
 linings.

 The chemical reported in the largest amount was
 xylenes, with 25.5 million pounds of on- and off-
 site releases. The second-largest was styrene, with
 13.4 million pounds, followed by glycol ethers,
 with 9.0 million pounds. The largest industrial
 source of xylenes was the motor vehicle and car
 bodies industry, which reported 16.2 million
 pounds of air emissions of this chemical, largely as
 point source emissions. This amounted to
 two-thirds (63.3%) of the sector's total releases of
 that chemical. Xylenes and other solvents such as
 toluene and methyl ethyl ketone are used in
 cleaning and finishing operations, especially
 coating and painting, in vehicle production.

 Boat building and repair (SIC code 3732) reported
 the largest styrene releases. The 9.2 million pounds
 of styrene air emissions reported in boat building.
 and repair were 68.6% of all styrene releases. A
 principal use of styrene in this industry is in the
 manufacture and repair of fiberglass ships and
 boats (primarily in small and medium-sized
 shipyards). Some fiberglass construction processes
 involve use of gelcoat, a polyester resin that
 contains approximately 35% styrene.

 OSHA Carcinogens

 Table 14-8 shows the on- and off-site releases of
 chemicals designated as OSHA carcinogens for the
 four-digit industries in the transportation equipment
 sector. (OSHA carcinogens and the bases for their
 designation appear in Box 1-9 in Chapter 1.) The
 industry with the largest releases of these chemicals
 was boat building and repairing (SIC code 3732).
 This industry's total was 10.2 million pounds of
 OSHA carcinogens, almost all of it released to air.
 The motor vehicle parts and accessories industry
 (SIC code 3714) was second with 4.4 million
 pounds; this included 2.5 million pounds emitted to
 air and  1.7 million pounds transferred off-site to
 disposal.

 Four of the top 15 chemicals for total releases in
 this sector were OSHA carcinogens: styrene,
 trichloroethylene, dichloromethane, and asbestos
 (see Table 14-7). As noted, the great majority of
 releases of these chemicals were reported as air
 emissions, except for asbestos, which was largely
 released off-site (transferred to disposal). These
 four chemicals represented 91.0% of the sector's
 releases of OSHA carcinogens. The OSHA
 carcinogen with the next-highest releases in this
 sector was tetrachloroethylene, with 763,000
pounds.
522
-------
                                         Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
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                                                                                                  523
-------
              Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
 Table 14-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases. 1996: Transportation Equipment,
 SIC Code 37 (in Rank Order)
CAS
Number
1330-20-7
100-42-5
—
10S-8S-3
78-93-3
7439-96-5
103-10 1
71-36-3
100-41-4
67-Sfi-l
79-01-6
7I-S5-6
75-09-2
95-63-6
I332-2M


Chemical
Xylcno (mixed isomere)
Styrene
Glycoi ethers
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Manganese
Methyl isobutyl Icetone
n-Butyl akohol
Ethylbcnzcne
Methanol
Trichtofoethylcne
1,1,1-Trfehlococthane
Dkhkxomctruine
1,2,4-Trimethyibenzene
Asbestos (friable)
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 37
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
25,433,986
12,941,411
8,864,990
7,275,585
7,186,517
6,399,724
6,299,251
4,927,040
3,073,692
2,772,937
2,362,096
2,256,684
2,258,379
1,973,604
902
94,026,798
102,693,635
Surface Underground Injection
Water Class I Class II-V
Discharges Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds Pounds
10,571
250
267
556
520
1,360
5
3,744
27
6,401
13
5
18
5
0
23,742
224,148
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
1,716
39,050
0
16,867
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
57,886
86,685
1
500
22,463
26,634
0
47,759
0
0
0
0
2,640
11,280
0
0
58,090
169,367
618,616
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
25,446,274
12,981,211
8,887,720
7,319,642
7,187,037
6,448,843
6,299,259
4,930,784
3,073,719
2,779,588
2,364,749
2,267,969
2,258,397
1,973,609
58,992
94,277,793
103,623,084
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
97,202
379,030
88,120
24,489
25,326
608,903
6,082
40,345
20,891
4,507
36,217
19,879
3,684
24,727
1,486,697
2,866,099
7,729,685
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
25,543,476
13,360,241
8,975,840
7,344,131
7,212,363
7,057,746
6,305,341
4,971,129
3,094,610
2,784,095
2,400,966
2,287,848
2,262,081
1,998,336
1,545,689
97,143;892
111,352,769
 Note: On-idle Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. One facility incorrectly reported
 6,211,171 pounds of air emissions of manganese. The correct amount is 750.  The total releases rank of manganese changes from6to 19.

 Table 14-8. TRI On-site anjl Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Transportation
 Equipment, SIC Code 37 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3732
3714

3721
3792
3728
3713
3711
3716
373J
3724
3799
3795
3715
3743
3769
3751



Industry
DOM Building & Repairing
Motor Vehicle Parts & Accessories
Multiple within SIC Code 37
Aircraft
Travel Trailers & Campers
Aircraft Pans & Equipment, nee*
Truck & Bus Bodies
Motor Vehicles & Car Bodies
Motor Homes
Ship Building & Repairing
Aircraft Engines & Engine Parts
Tranfjxxtitfon Equipment, ncc*
Tanks & Tank Components
Truck Trailers
Railroad Equipment
Space Vehicle Equipment, nee*
Motorcycles, Bicycles, & Pacts
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 37
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 37
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
10,145,665
2,531,867
1,150,640
1,193,790
661,158
648,803
599,129
348,604
479,272
376,894
221,182
243,183
165,583
103,941
122,112
23,550
265
1,759
19,017,397
102,693,635
Surface Underground Injection
Water Class I Class II-V
Discharges Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds Pounds
0
1,764
227
15
0
31
5
1,148
0
662
1,529
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
5,386
224,148
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 ,
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
0
39,304
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
39,315
86,685
500
69,473
5
0
0
338
0
5
0
0
25,633
250
0
18,684
0
0
0
0
114,888
618,616
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
10,146,165
2,642,408
1,150,882
1,193,805 •
661,158
649,172
599,134
349,757
479,272
377,556
248,344
243,433
165,584
122,630
122,112
23,550
265
1,759
19,176,986
103,623,084
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
11,007
1,709,046
198,514
3,649
48,931
4,530
18,737
189,757
0
5,359
121,279
6,299
1
2,750
921
0
6,900
0
2,327^680
7,729,685
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
10,157,172
4,351,454
1,349,396
1,197,454
710,089
653,702
617,871
539,514
479,272
382,915
369,623
249,732
165,585
125,380
123,033
23,550
7,165
1,759
21,504,666
111,352,769
Note: On-sltc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*n«c: not elsewhere classified.
 524
-------
                                       Chapter 14 — TR1 Data for Transportation Equipment
Figure 14-7 shows the on- and off-site releases of
the four-digit SIC codes with the largest OSHA
carcinogen releases.


1996 TRl Chemicals  in

Waste for Transportation

Equipment

Table 14-9 presents waste management data for the
four-digit SIC codes in the transportation
equipment sector. Nearly half (48.4%) of the
production-related waste was recycled off-site,
171.8 million pounds of the 355.2-million-pound
total. The next largest waste management activity
was on- and off-site releases. On- and off-site
releases totaled 105.7 million pounds, or 19.8% of
the total waste managed. Other types of waste
management (recycling, energy recovery, and
treatment on-site, along with energy recovery and
treatment off-site) were all less than 30 million
pounds each. Figure 14-8 illustrates the distribution
of on- and off-site waste management and
quantities released for this sector.

Off-site recycling was reported in the largest
amounts by makers of motor vehicle parts and
accessories  (SIC code 3714), with 98.7 million
pounds, and motor vehicles and car bodies (SIC
code 3711), with 41.6 million pounds. Off-site
recycling by these two industries amounted to
39.5% of all production-related waste reported in
the sector.

Distribution of production-related waste for the top
four-digit SIC codes appears in Figure 14-9.
12,000,000-
10,000,000-


8,000,000 -
•8
§ 6,000,000 •
Q_

4,000,000 -
2,000,000 -
0-

















n Transfers Off-site to Disposal
D Other On-site Land Releases
E3 RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
d UIJ, Class II-V Wells
H UIJ, Class I Wells
• Surface Water
EAir



B


3732 3714 Mult. 3721 3792







Figure 14-7. TRl On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes
with Largest Totals, 1996: Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. UIJ = underground injection.
Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
                                                                                           525
-------
           Chapter 14 — TRl Data for Transportation Equipment
 Table 14-9. Quantities of TRl Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37
 (In Rank Order)
SIC
Code
37H
3711
3724
3731
3732
3713
3121
3728
37-43
3715
3751
3716
3799
3792
3764
37W
3795
3761

Industry
Motor Vehicle Pans & Accessories
Motor Vehkfcs & Car Bodies
Multiple within SIC Code 37
Aircraft Engines & Engine Parts
Ship Building & Repairing
Bom Building & Repairing
Truck & Bus Bodies
Aircr<
Aircraft Parts & Equipment, ncc*
Railroad Equipment
Truck Trailers
Motorcycles, Bicycles, & Parts
Motor Homes
Transportation Equipment, nee*
Travel Trailers & Campers
Space Propulsion Units & Parts
SpWM Vehicle Equipment, nee*
Tanks & Tank Components
Guided Missiles & Space Vehicles
Invtlld SIC Code within SIC Code 37
Total for SIC Code 37
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
9,082,191
217,094
1,666,978
4,146,424
51,741
700
73,230
533,700
83,108
80,498
93,375
69,810
10,799
108,491
5,500
0
142,910
156,390
295
0
16,523,234
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
13,903
535,506
852,360
0
0
0
0
0
57,190
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,458,959
Treated
On-site
Pounds
7,717,242
13,989,345
887,709
1,195,067
2,688,622
500
367,876
1,094,128
1,156,229
16,112
22,400
152,200
0
32,002
0
55,754
39,600
24,707
77,659
0
29,517,152
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
98,735,280
41,635,550
7,161,446
9,831,291
5,163,707
83,831
2,694,885
806,133
1,730,595
1,396,465
857,599
611,850
129,660
24,006
325
760,964
65,200
98,857
34,719
2,464
171,824,827
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
3,977,606
5,399,134
975,624
38,782
794,377
294,110
1,418,121
908,320
335,274
562,942
132,700
61,087
93,602
280,436
28,574
39,071
31,570
0
19,844
23,044
15,414,218
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
5,841,070
4,499,123
496,966
2,305,458
115,178
56,281
169,592
466,111
514,314
82,574
68,556
60
25,153
38,738'
185
9,005
32,862
40,968
922
0
14,763,116
Quantity
Released
On- and
Off-site
Pounds
20,165,629
42,366,352
6;682,978
957,804
3,714,678
11,332,445
4,659,473
4,474,178
2,435,326
1,497,541
1,755,132
873,271
1,404,756
928,849
1,315,541
475,664
213,155
181,589
137,601
95,842
105,667,804
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
145,532,921
108,642,104
18,724,061
18,474,826
12,528,303
11,767,867
9,383,177
8,282,570
6,312,036
3,636,132
2,929,762
1,768,278
1,663,970
1,412,522
1,350,125
1,340,458
525,297
502,511
271,040
121,350
355,169,310
33,970
12,141
3,903
64,854
0
37,995
50
23,050
1,257
0
1,183
0
0
0
2,460
319
0
0
15,700
0
196,882
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
    Quantity
    Released
    29.8%
On-site Waste
 Management
  .13.4%
                                       Off-site Waste
                                       Management
                                         56.9%
    Figure 14-8. Distribution of TRl Production-related
         Waste, 1996: Transportation Equipment
                    (SIC Code 37)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
 Projected Quantities of TRl
 Chemicals in Waste

 Facilities reporting in the transportation equipment
 sector projected relatively little change in their
 waste management through 1998, as shown in
 Table 14-10. (As explained in Chapter 1, facilities
 not only report current data but project waste
 management quantities for the next two years in
 their TRl submissions.) Total production-related
 waste is projected to decrease by just 0.7% (2.6
 million pounds) over the 1996-1998 period. The
 largest component of this reduction is a projected
 decrease in quantities released on- and off-site of
4.7 million pounds, a 4.4% reduction. A decrease is
also projected in off-site energy recovery, of 1.8
million pounds, or 11.9%.
526
-------
                                        Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
     100%
      80% -
      60% •
      40% •
      20%
                  E Quantity Released

                  • Treated Off-site

                  II Energy Recovery Off-site

                  D Recycled Off-site

                  0 Treated On-site

                  § Energy Recovery On-site

                  B Recycled On-site
           3714
                 3711
                       Mult.
                            3724
                                  3731
                                        3732
                                              3713
                                                    3721
                                                          3728
                                                                3743
               Figure 14-9.  Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with
                  Largest Totals, 1996: Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
Off-site recycling, the largest waste management
option in this sector, was projected to increase 1.5%
(2.6 million pounds) from 1996 to 1998, the net
result of a projected decrease in the first year and
increase in the second year. Other waste
management options show smaller projected
increases (in pounds) for the period.

The projected changes suggest little difference in
the ways facilities in this sector expect to manage
their TRI chemicals in waste. Off-site recycling
would represent a slightly larger portion of overall
waste management (increasing from 48.4% of
production-related waste in 1996 to 49.5% in
 1998). At the same time, releases would decrease
from 29.8% of production-related waste, to 28.6%.
These changes, while small in both percentage and
absolute terms, nonetheless represent small positive
movement, as measured by the environmental
waste management hierarchy, explained in Chapter
 1. In that hierarchy, recycling represents the most
favorable waste management option for waste that
cannot be or is not prevented in the first place, and
releases represent the least favorable option.

Figure 14-10 shows the percentage change
projected in quantities of TRI chemicals in waste
for 1996-1998.

Source Reduction Activity

One form out of every five submitted in the
transportation equipment sector reported
undertaking one or more source reduction activities
during 1996, as shown in Table 14-11. The largest
number of forms (295) came from the motor
vehicle parts and accessories industry (SIC code
3714) and the next-largest (136) came from the
motor vehicles and car bodies industry (SIC code
3711). These numbers represent one-fifth of all
forms from motor vehicle parts manufacturing and
less than one-seventh of all forms in motor vehicle
production. Because these two industries also
                                                                                               527
-------
          Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
  reported the largest releases and the largest
  production-related waste, their activities to reduce
  toxic chemicals at the source could have important
  results for the sector's performance. For both
  groups, good operating practices was the source
  reduction activity most frequently cited. Raw
  material and process modifications, which are more
  likely to represent innovative source reduction
  projects, were the activities cited on the next largest
  number of forms in both industries.
Year-to-Year
Comparisons for
Transportation Equipment
1995-1996 TRI Data for
Transportation Equipment
From 1995 to 1996, the number of forms submitted
in the transportation equipment sector decreased by
 Table 14-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998: Transportation Equipment, .
 SIC Code 37
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 37
Waste Management Activity

On-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 37
Current Year 1996
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
16,523,234 4.7
1,458,959 0.4
29,517,152 8.3
171,824,827 48.4
15,414,218 4.3
14,763,116 4.2
105,667,804 29.8
355,169,310 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1997
Percent
-0.9
3.6
3.1
-1.2
-12.9
1.3
-2.3
-1.5
Projected 1997
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
16,374,031 4.7
1,512,020 0.4
30,422,443 8.7
169,806,023 48.5
13,423,889 3.8
14,951,267 4.3
103,278,981 29.5
349,768,654 100.0
Projected Change
1997-1998
Percent
5.3
-0.8
-1.6
2.7
1.2
-0.2
-2.2
0.8
Projected 1998
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
17,235,383 4.9
1,499,329 0.4
29,923,155 8.5
174,465,832 49.5
13,582,601 3.9
14,918,751 4.2
100,966,087 28.6
352,591,138 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1998
Percent
4.3
2.8
1.4
1.5
-11.9
1.1
-4.4
-0.7
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
 528
-------
                                         Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment

B 1996-1 997
• 1996-1998

                   On-site Waste
                    Management
Off-site Waste
 Management
 Quantity Released
On-site and Off-site
Total Production-
  related Waste
             Figure 14-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals
                   in Waste, 1996-1998:  Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37)
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
4.6% (approximately 200 fewer forms in 1996). As
shown in Table 14-12, the number of Form A
certification statements increased markedly: 37.2%
(an increase of 58 forms). This may reflect more
widespread awareness of the Form A certification
statement in its second year of availability. (The
Form A certification statement is explained in
Chapter 1.)

On- and Off-site Releases

Total on- and off-site releases, also shown in
Table 14-12, decreased from 121.2 million pounds
in 1995 to 111.4 million pounds in 1996, a decrease
of 8.1%. The change in releases to the
environmental media varied considerably. Air
emissions, by far the largest release type in this
sector,  decreased 6.9% (or 7.6 million pounds).
              This represented a decrease in point source
              emissions of 9.0 million pounds (10.7% reduction),
              partly offset by a 1.3 million-pound increase in
              fugitive emissions (5.0% increase). This analysis
              includes a facility reporting error of 6.2 million
              pounds of air emissions in 1996. Without this error,
              percentage reductions would be larger.

              As noted earlier in this  chapter, transportation
              equipment manufacturers reported much smaller
              amounts in the other release types. However, small
              changes in absolute terms resulted in significant
              changes in percentage terms: a 71.6% increase in
              on-site land releases and a 23.4% decrease in off-
              site releases (transfers to disposal).

              Figure 14-11  shows the percentage changes by
              release type for the transportation equipment sector.
                                                                                                 529
-------
           Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment


 Table 14-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37
Forms Reporting
SIC
Code Industry
3711 Motor Vehicles & Cue Bodies
37)3 Truck & Bus Bodies
3714 M«0r Vehicle Pans & Accessories
371$ Truck Trailers
3716 Motor Homes
3721 Aircraft
3724 Aircraft Engines & Engine Pans
3733 Aircraft Fans & Equipment, nee*
373 1 Ship Building & Repairing
3732 Boa Bailing £ Repairing
3743 Ralkoid Equipment
37SI Motorcycles, Bicycles, & Parts
3761 Ouitkd Missiles & Space Vehicles
3764 Space Propulsion Units & Parts
3769 Spice Vehicle Equipment, nee*
3792 Travel Trailers & Campers
3795 Tanks & Tank Components
3799 Transportation Equipment, nec»
Multiple wiihin SIC Code 37
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 37
Tow! for SIC Code 37
Source Reduction
Activities
Total
Forms
Number
1,006
238
1,389
110
71
154
199
172
171
287
83
30
11
8
17
50
20
53
252
10
4,331
Percent of C
All Forms
Number Percent
136
40
295
23
23
56
30
37
32
71
28
0
3
3
10
21
9
23
70
4
914
13.5
16.8
21.2
20.9
3Z4
36.4
15.1
21.5
18.7
24.7
33.7
0.0
27.3
37.5
58.8
42.0
45.0
43.4
27.8
40.0
21.1
Category of Source Reduction Activitv
Raw Surface
Good Spill Material Process Cleaning Preparation Product
perating Inventory and Leak Modifi- Modifi- and and Modifi-
Practices Control Prevention cations cations Degreasing Finishing cations
Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number
71
11
136
9
1
16
5
13
19
20
15
0
1
2
7
8
5
9
38
0
386
12
12
27
2
3
12
3
7
14
7
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
4
106
13
2
38
2
0
6
1
6
8
3
1
0
0
0
1
4

0
5
2
93
36
17
56
5
15
9
4
4
2
9
1
0
0
0
2
7
2
5
15
0
189
27
2
65
3
0
13
20
8
4
26
1
0
1
0
4
5
2
1
13
0
195
1
6
26
0
3
9
7
8
0
7
0
0
1
1
3
0
1
0
11
2
86
21
7
33
7
7
25
0
6
17
18
10
o
o
o
3
3
1
10
7
0
175
9
2
32
o
1
2
0
4
0
6
1
0
o
o
2
1
I
2
6
0
69
Note: Farms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*n*c: not elsewhere classified.
 Other On-site Waste Management

 Table 14-12 also shows the changes from 1995 to
 1996 in this sector's on-site waste management.
 The overall decrease of 42.2% was accomplished
 primarily in on-site recycling. In 1995, recycling
 was the largest on-site waste management option,
 with 48.4 million pounds. A reduction of two thirds
 (65.9%, or 31.9 million pounds), to 16.5 million
 pounds in 1996, made on-site recycling the
 second-largest type of on-site management, behind
 treatment. (More than half of this reduction was the
 action of one facility, Preferred Technical Group,
 Inc., in Columbia City, Indiana, which eliminated a
 vapor degreaser in the plant, substituting an
 aqueous process. This facility reported 18.3 million
 pounds of on-site recycling of trichloroethylene in
 1995 and none in 1996.)

 On-site treatment also decreased, by 6.2%, or 1.9
 million pounds. Energy recovery, much smaller in
 absolute amounts, dropped by more than one third
 (35.7%), or 809,000 pounds.
 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 All but one type of transfers off-site for further
 waste management decreased from 1995 to 1996
 for the transportation equipment sector. As shown
 in Table 14-12, the exception was an increase of
 12.4% (616,000 pounds) in transfers to POTWs.

 The largest transfer type—to recycling—showed
 very little change, a decrease of 0.4%. This was a
reduction of 688,000 pounds, from 165.7 million
pounds in 1995 to 165.0 million pounds in 1996.
Reductions in energy recovery and treatment were
notably larger in both pounds and percentage.
Reporting of energy recovery decreased 10.2%, or
 1.6 million pounds. Treatment decreased 22.0%, or
2.4 million pounds.
530
-------
                                                     Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
Table 14-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-Site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site
for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996: Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1995
Number
1,298
4,538
4,382
156
Pounds

110,305,552
26,941,770
83,363,782
350,644
0
410,995
111,067,191

10,087,330,
121,154,521

48,440,164
2,268,436
31,454,243
82,162,843

165,674,410
15,532,668
11,121,508
4,962,177
500
197,291,263

1996
Number
1,248
4,331
4,117
214
Pounds

102,693,635
28,283,393
74,410,242
224,148
0
705,301
103,623,084

7,729,685
111,352,769

16,523,234
1,458,959
29,517,152
47,499,345

164,986,403
13,944,925
8,676,026
5,577,802
8,146
193,193,302
Change
1995 to 1996
Percent
-3.9
-4.6
-6.0
37.2
Percent

-6.9
5.0
-10.7
-36.1
-
71.6
-6.7

-23.4
-8.1

-65.9
-35.7
-6.2
-42.2

-0.4
-10.2
-22.0
12.4
1,529.2
-2.1
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste
Management from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of
Form R. Breakdown of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code. One facility incorrectly reported 6,211,171 pounds of fugitive air emissions for 1996. The correct amount is 750 pounds. The
percentage change from 1995 to 1996 in total air emissions changes from -6.9% to -12.5%, in fugitive air emissions changes from 5.0% to -18.1%, in total
on-site releases changes from -6.7% to -12.3%, and in tola! on- and off-site releases changes from -8.1% to -13.2%.
                                                                                                                           531
-------
           Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
         80
         40
        -20
        -40
        •eo
                     Air
                                   Surface
                                    Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
 Transfers
  Off-site
to Disposal
            Figure 14-11. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:
                              Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37)
-.-•«_ On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-sitc Land Releases not required in 1995. One facility incorrectly reported 6,211,171 pounds of fugitive air emissions for 1996. The correct
amount is 750 pounds. The percentage change from 1995 to 1996 in total air emissions changes from -6.9% to -12.5%.
 Changes in SIC Codes

 As indicated in facility descriptions below, some
 facilities report different SIC codes over time. This
 may reflect new or discontinued lines of
 production, or it may represent a different
 understanding of how SIC code designations relate
 to a facility's business activities. These changes can
 contribute—sometimes largely—to apparent
 increases or decreases across comparison years in
 the amounts reported by the four-digit, or even
 two-digit, SIC codes.

 1988-1996 TRI Data for
 Transportation Equipment

 As explained in Chapter 1, comparisons from the
 1988 TRI baseline year to the current year rely on
 the list of "core" TRI chemicals that were
reportable, with the same reporting definition, in all
years. These multi-year comparisons also review
   only the data elements that were collected in all
   years, which excludes from this section any
   analysis that distinguishes RCRA subtitle C
   landfills from other land releases as well as analysis
   based on the types of underground injection wells.
   On-site waste management data and transfers off-
   site to recycling and to energy recovery have been
   collected only since 1991; these data are included,
   but cannot be compared across the full 1988-1996
   period.

   On- and off-site releases of the "core" chemicals in
   the transportation equipment sector declined by half
   (49.5%) from 1988 to 1996, as shown in Table
   14-13. This was a reduction of 103.2 million
   pounds. The largest component of this reduction
   was air emissions, also the largest release type for
   the sector. Point source emissions dropped by
   42.6%, or 53.0 million pounds. Another 34.5
   million pounds of the decrease was reported in
   fugitive emissions, a 56.0% decrease. Altogether,
532
-------
                                                       Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
Table 14-13.  Comparison of TRI On-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site for Further
Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1988
Number
1,146
4,038
4,038
NA
Pounds

185,947,325
61,559,358
124,387,967
272,596
76,185
2,333,399
188,629,505

19,762,341
208,391,846

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
24,158,554
4,016,448
3,632,015
NA

1994
Number
1,251
4,131
4,131
NA
Pounds

119,327,514
29,842,389
89,485,125
65,549
5
188,560
119,581,628'

8,557,725
128,139,353

53,488,818
1,683,039
26,110,553
81,282,410

161,844,672
16,396,952
6,118,487
3,156,448
2,260,713
189,777,272

1995
Number
1,241
4,018
3,924
94
Pounds

105,335,919
25,157,276
80,178,643
67,423
0
322,550
105,725,892

9,020,364
114,746,256

47,899,715
2,243,166
23,769,239
73,912,120

164,554,642
15,045,145
4,895,860
2,365,799
500
186,861,946

1996
Number
1,196
3,840
3,699
141
Pounds

98,432,463
27,078,402
71,354,061
48,537
0
659,438
99,140,438

6,091,120
105,231,558

16,066,124
1,429,559
25,528,963
43,024,646

162,201,692
13,608,973
4,560,417
,2,738,328
8,146
183,117,556
Change
1988 to 1996
Percent
4.4
-4.9
-8.4
NA
Percent

-47.1
-56.0
-42.6
-82.2
-100.0
-71.7
-47.4

-69.2
-49.5

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
-81.1
-31.8
-99.8
NA
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste Management
from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Breakdown
of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996. For 1994-1996, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code. For 1988, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code or codes not required to be reported in
1988. One facility incorrectly reported 6,211,171 pounds of fugitive air emissions for 1996. The correct amount is 750 pounds. The percentage change from
1988 to 1996 in total air emissions changes from —47.1% to —50.4%, in fugitive air emissions changes from —56.0% to -66.1%, in total on-site releases changes
from -47-.4% to -50.7%, and in total on- and off-site releases changes from -49.5% to -52.2%. NA: not required to be reported in that year.
                                                                                                                              533
-------
           Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
       -120
                   Air
                                    Surface
                                     Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
                                                                             Transfers
                                                                              Off-site
                                                                            to Disposal
Figure 14-12.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996:
                    Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37)
Note: Docs not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
Oa-slte Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-sitc Land Releases not required before 1996. One facility incorrectly reported 6,211,171 pounds of total air emissions for 1996. The correct
amount Is 750 pounds. The percentage change from 1988 to 1996 in total air emissions changes from -47.1% to -50.4%.
releases to air decreased 47.1%, or 87.5 million
pounds. This analysis includes a facility reporting
error of 6.2 million pounds of air emissions in
1996. Without this error, percentage reductions
would be larger.

Other on-site release types also decreased, as
shown in Table 14-13. On-site land releases
decreased 1.7 million pounds, or 71.7%. Surface
water discharges decreased 224,000 pounds, or
82.2%. Underground injection was reported in 1988
(76,000 pounds), but not in 1996. Off-site releases
(transfers to disposal) decreased by more than two-
thirds (69.2%), a reduction of 13.7  million pounds.

Figure 14-12  displays the percentage of percentage
change in on- and off-site releases by medium.
   On-site waste management and transfers off-site for
   recycling or energy recovery were not collected in
   1988. For the 1994-1996 period, on-site waste
   management in this sector decreased 38.3 million
   pounds. The great majority of this reduction (37.4
   million pounds) was reported in on-site recycling.

   Other categories also showed decreases, except for
   transfers off-site to recycling. This category
   showed little change since 1994 (a net increase of
   357,000 pounds).                        '

   For the two transfer categories reported across the
   full 1988-1996 comparison period, reductions
   amounted to 81.1% (19.6 million pounds) in
   treatment and 31.8% (1.3 million pounds) in
   transfers to POTWs.
534
-------
                                         Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
Although the sector experienced little net expansion
in production during this period, some new
facilities opened and others expanded production as
a result of joint ventures between U.S. and
foreign-owned companies. Decreases in releases
continued in the more recent years, even as the
sector recovered its earlier production levels, as
noted earlier in this chapter.

1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in
Transportation  Equipment

Tables 14-14 through 14-16 summarize data for
1988 and 1994-1996 for industries at the four-digit
SIC code level within SIC code 37. The tables
present, respectively, on- and off-site releases,
other on-site waste management, and transfers off-
site for further waste management.

On- and Off-site Releases

Two industries reported decreases in on- and off-
site releases of 22 million pounds from 1988 to
1996, the largest such decreases. These were the
two industries with the largest releases: motor
vehicle parts and accessories (SIC code 3714), with
a 22.4 million-pound reduction, and motor vehicles
and car bodies (SIC code 3711), with a decrease of
22.1 million pounds. One other industry had a
decrease of more than 10 million pounds: aircraft
production (SIC code 3721), with 17.3 million
pounds less in releases in 1996 than in 1988.

Producers of motor vehicle parts and accessories
reported their largest reductions in air emissions, a
decrease of 14.4 million pounds across the
comparison period. Another 6.5 million-pound
decrease was reported in off-site releases (transfers
to disposal) and 1.3 million pounds in on-site land
releases.  Almost all of the reduction for makers of
motor vehicles and car bodies was in air emissions
(20.6 million pounds), along with 1.5 million
pounds in off-site releases. In the aircraft industry,
air emissions were also the largest area of reduction
(13.7 million pounds), and off-site releases were
reduced by 3.5 million.

A few industries reported increases in total on- and
off-site releases over the period. The largest
occurred in manufacture of travel trailers and
campers (653,000 pound increase, SIC code 3792).
This increase occurred before 1994; since that time,
releases have been declining for this industry.

Table 14-14 provides release data for all four-digit
SIC codes in the transportation equipment sector,
for 1988-1996.

Other On-site Waste Management

One of the dominant industries in the transportation
equipment sector also reported large decreases in
other on-site waste management since 1994 (on-site
waste management data were not collected in
1988). The decrease for motor vehicle parts and
accessories was 36.5 million pounds; the bulk of
this reduction (34.8 million pounds) was in on-site
recycling and much of it occurred from 1995 to
1996.

The next largest decrease occurred in reporting for
miscellaneous aircraft parts and equipment (SIC
code 3728). This was a net difference of 4.1 million
pounds for 1994-1996. The largest component was
a reduction in on-site recycling. For this industry,
both on-site recycling and on-site waste
management as a whole increased in the first year
of this period (1994 to 1995) and decreased
substantially for 1996. Total other on-site waste
management was 5.2 million pounds in 1994,7.0
million pounds in 1995, and 1.1 million pounds in
1996.

Smaller changes were reported in on-site waste
management by motor vehicle and car body
manufacturers (SIC code 3711). In this industry,
recycling and treatment increased for 1994-1996,
but this was offset by a decrease in energy
                                                                                              535
-------
             Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
 table 14-14.  TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Transportation Equipment, SIC
 Code 37
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3711



3713



3714



3715



3716



3721



3724



3728



3731



3732



3743



Industry
Motor Vehicles & Car Bodies



Truck & Bus Bodies



Motor Vehicle Parts & Accessories



Truck Trailers



Motor Homes



Aircraft



Aircraft Engines & Engine Parts



Aircraft Parts & Equipment, nee*



Ship Building & Repairing



Boat Building & Repairing



Railroad Equipment



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
39,686,967
42,355,683
47,429,041
60,240,168
4,599,018
5,851,690
7,156,982
8,494,438
14,384,103
15,625,573
18,042,377
28,832,435
1,085,881
2,077,484
2,640,233
2,331,013
1,222,812
869,169
1,293,916
955,662
4,118,781
5,009,119
5,881,852
17,776,433
326,661
730,347
1,290,320
9,119,517
2,363,767
3,329,128
3,459,368
8,730,101
2,679,455
2,405,561
2,469,290
4,010,237
11,196,267
12,177,948
10,972,637
13,225,260
1,252,611
1,389,483
1,496,574
2,016,238
9,062
250
250
40,477
1,384
4,190
4,138
0
9,950
7,576
9,881
125,338
265
20
26
0
0
0
0
0
1,719
6,614
2,450
1,049
3,151
1,849
2,717
5,295
324
813
1,031
27,019
19,752
29,715
19,161
1,010
0
0
0
0
1
765
15
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,378
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
59,466
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,000
Releases
to Land
Pounds
15,310
15,882
11,767
42,463
47,986
22,215
21,164
32,448
362,885
273,783
104,502
1,656,308
115,727
1,500
15,400
0
0
0
0
0
15,866
6,156
1,941
111,258
28,773
5
20
59,878
15,949
200
325
0
23,922
1,500
25,065
0
27,134
505
4,194
17,251
1
0
0
0
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
39,711,339
42,371,815
47,441,058
60,323,108
4,648,388
5,878,095
7,182,284
8,526,886
14,756,938
15,906,932
18,156,760
30,615,459
1,201,873
2,079,004
2,655,659
2,331,013
1,222,812
869,169
1,293,916
955,662
4,136,366
5,021,889
5,886,243
17,948,206
358,585
732,201
1,293,057
9,184,690
2,380,040
3,330,141
3,460,729
8,757,120
2,723,129
2,436,776
2,513,516
4,011,497
11,223,401
12,178,453
10,976,831
13,242,511
1,252,613
1,390,248
1,496,589
2,017,988
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
1,087,718
1,077,061
1,294,303
2,615,658
130,772
113,924
102,089
459,794
3,506,949
4,408,018
4,266,570
10,019,878
5,005
604,029
73,574
55,957
1,438
10,656
1,270
0
62,547
71,280
356,850
3,515,553
196,579
173,477
135,770
457,502
46,922
247,934
163,858
406,996
191,201
248,980
332,152
608,486
11,007
4,540
3,668
103,601
172,273
170,921
408,962
191,956
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
40,799,057
43;448,876
48,735,361
62,938,766
4,779,160
5,992,019
74,284,373
8,986,680
18,263,887
20,314,950
22,423,330
40,635,337
1,206,878
2,683,033
2,729,233
2,386,970
1,224,250
879,825
1,295,186
955,662
4,198,913
5,093,169
6,243,093
21,463,759
555,164
905,678
1,428,827
9,642,192
2,426,962
3,578,075
3,624,587
9,164,116
2,914,330
2,685,756
2,845,668
4,619,983
11,234,408
12,182,993
10,980,499
13,346,112
1,424,886
1,561,169
1,905,551
2,209,944
Note: On-sltc Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digil SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category.  One facility reported 6,211,171 pounds of fugitive air emissions for 1996 under
multiple codes within SIC code 37. The correct amount is 750 pounds.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 536
-------
                                                    Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
Table 14-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Transportation Equipment, SIC
Code 37, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3751


3761


3764


3769



3792


3795



3799













Industry Year
Motorcycles, Bicycles, & Parts


Guided Missiles & Space Vehicles


Space Propulsion Units & Parts


Space Vehicle Equipment, nee*



Travel Trailers & Campers


Tanks & Tank Components



Transportation Equipment, nee*


Multiple within SIC Code 37


Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 37



Total for SIC Code 37



96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
721,200
983,016
987,095
319,813
95,740
204,683
443,318
3,564,892
278,415
842,627
833,041
5,961,063
203,112
12,830
27,078
589,170
1,097,216
1,437,374
1,596,209
439,875
178,333
121,301
126,503
677,345
897,741
1,129,420
1,261,867
502,292
11,948,551
7,231,608
9,652,733
11,926,192
95,832
1,551,875
2,267,080
6,235,181
98,432,463
105,335,919
119,327,514
185,947,325
0
510
760
1,500
0
0
0
250
0
5,517
5,517
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25,843
28
51
38
0
2,901
1,101
11,271
4,302
0
8,452
8,294
39,763
48,537
67,423
65,549
272,596
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14,091
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
76,185
Releases
to Laud
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
216,520
0
0
0
15,221
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
87
0
0
7,742
547
769
0
0
5,251
5
32
147,310
0
30
4,150
27,000
659,438
322,550
188,560
2,333,399
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
721,200
983,526
987,855
321,313
95,740
204,683
443,318
3,781,662
278,415
848,144
838,558
5,976,284
203,112
12,830
27,078
589,170
1,097,216
1,437,374
1,596,209
439,875
178,420
121,301
126,503
710,930
898,316
1,130,240
1,261,905
502,292
11,956,703
7,232,714
9,664,036
12,091,895
95,832
1,560,357
2,279,524
6,301,944
99,140,438
105,725,892
119,581,628
188,629,505
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
9,050
10,050
11,550
6,070
35,314
80,166
7
54,950
840
12,838
13,364
123,318
256
0
0
87,642
49,181
108,747
88,165
53,602
1,185
176
377
30,773
7,101
12,035
12,569
1,500
574,686
1,652,100
1,249,723
594,743
1,096
13,432
42,904
374,362
6,091,120
9,020,364
8,557,725
19,762,341
730,250
993,576
999,405
327,383
131,054
284,849
443,325
3,836,612
279,255
860,982
851,922
6,099,602
203,368
12,830
27,078
676,812
1,146,397
1,546,121
1,684,374
493,477
179,605
121,477
126,880
741,703
905,417
1,142,275
1,274,474
503,792
12,531,389
8,884,814
10,913,759
12,686,638
96,928
1,573,789
2,322,428
6,676,306
105,231,558
114,746,256
128,139,353
208,391,846
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported 6,211,171 pounds of fugitive air emissions for 1996 under
multiple codes within SIC code 37. The correct amount is 750 pounds.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                         537
-------
          Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
 recovery. The net reduction in other on-site waste
 management of 450,000 pounds placed this
 industry third for decreases for the period.

 The ship building and repairing industry (SIC code
 3731) reported the largest increase, 2.6 million
 pounds. One facility accounted for this increase in
 1996. Jn previous years, the facility's owners,
 adding barge services and a drydock to the
 facility's operations, classified its operations in SIC
 code 4491, outside TRTs reporting criteria. New
 owners in 1996 determined that more than 50% of
 the facility's income came from ship building and
 repairing (SIC code 3731). Accordingly, the facility
 filed in this SIC code for 1996.

 On-site waste management data for 1994-1996
 appear in Table 14-15.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 Four industries reported decreases of more than 1
 million pounds each in transfers off-site for further
 waste management since 1994 (data for some types
 of off-site transfers were not collected in 1988).
 Leading these industries was the manufacture of
 truck trailers (SIC code 3715), with a 5.2
 million-pound decrease. More than half of this
 reduction was reported in transfers to recycling
 (2.8 million pounds).

 The multiple-codes group—forms submitted by
 facilities that used more than one SIC code to
 describe their operation—had the second largest
 reduction, a net decrease of 2.6 million pounds. As
 is typical of this more diverse group, no single
 transfer, type  accounted for this large decrease.
 Other industries with large reductions were aircraft
 engines and engine parts (1.7 million pounds, SIC
 code 3724) and railroad equipment (1.2 million
 pounds, SIC code 3743).
                      i,
Two industries reported large increases in transfers
 off-site for further waste management from 1994 to
 1996. These were ship building and repairing (SIC
 code 3731), with a net increase of 4.5 million
 pounds, and motor vehicles and car bodies (SIC
 code 3711) with an increase of 2.3 million pounds.
 In both cases, the increase occurred in transfers to
 recycling, only slightly offset by smaller reductions
 in other transfer types since 1994.

 Table 14-16 provides data on transfers off-site for
 further waste management for all four-digit SIC
 codes in the transportation equipment sector.

 Facilities with Lame Increases and Decreases
 in Releases. 1988-1996

 The facility with the largest increase in releases was
 Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky in
 Georgetown, Kentucky (SIC codes  3711 and 3714),
 with a 2.0 million-pound increase. Over one-fourth
 of the change was accounted for by an increase in
 air emissions of xylene (mixed isomers). The
 facility, an automobile manufacturing plant,
 produced 18,527 vehicles in 1988 and 385,657 in
 1996. Toyota attributes the increase in xylene
 emissions to the increase in production. Xylene is a
 component of the paint used on the  new vehicles.

 Saturn Corporation in Spring Hill, Tennessee (did
 not report in 1988, SIC code 3711 in 1996), ranked
 second for increases with a 1.2 million-pound
 change. The automobile manufacturing facility
 came into production in 1990; therefore, there were
 no data for 1988. There were 556,000 pounds of
 glycol ethers, a constituent of paint, reported as
 released to ah- in 1996.

 Subaru-Isuzu Automotive, Inc., in Lafayette,
 Indiana (did not report in 1988, SIC code 3711 in
 1996), was third in increases with 1.1 million
 pounds. This automobile manufacturing plant did
 not come into operation until after the 1988
reporting year. Therefore, the data for 1996 equals
the total increase.  Air emissions of xylene (mixed
isomers), a paint constituent, accounted for almost
half of this facility's overall increase.
538
-------
                                               Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
Table 14-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Transportation Equipment,
SIC Code 37
SIC
Code
3711



3713



3714



3715



3716



3721



3724


3728


3731



3732



3743


Industry
Motor Vehicles & Car Bodies



Truck & Bus Bodies



Motor Vehicle Parts & Accessories



Truck Trailers

•

Motor Homes



Aircraft



Aircraft Engines & Engine Parts


Aircraft Parts & Equipment, nee*


Ship Building & Repairing



Boat Building & Repairing



Railroad Equipment


Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
217,094
214,485
185,302
NA
73,230
196,346
91,366
NA
8,876,680
35,097,838
43,715,261
NA
93,375
19,817
86,017
NA
10,799
2,288
0
NA
533,700
570,370
651,815
NA
4,146,424
4,356,967
2,878,603
NA
83,108
6,058,525
4,327,458
NA
51,741
33,373
70,421
NA
700
43,799
4,237
NA
80,498
80,526
80,313
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
535,506
1,412,284
1,199,480
NA
0
0
0
NA
13,903
2,450
28,330
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
30,190
31,852
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
13,036,452
12,043,838
12,854,559
NA
314,076
496,727
490,479
NA
6,142,531
7,593,928
7,750,641
NA
20,000
13,000
16,000
NA
0
0
125,792
NA
360,848
310,269
628,481
NA
1,003,150
1,193,740
1,541,707
NA
937,161
919,427
830,447
NA
2,688,622
44,031
40,061
NA
500
0
24,072
NA
16,112
15,959
132,417
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
13,789,052
13,670,607
14,239,341
NA
387,306
693,073
581,845
NA
15,033,114
42,694,216
51,494,232
NA
113,375
32,817
102,017
NA
10,799
2,288
125,792
NA
894,548
880,639
1,280,296
NA
5,149,574
5,550,707
4,420,310
NA
1,050,459
7,009,804
5,157,905
NA
2,740,363
77,404
110,482
NA
1,200
43,799
28,309
NA
96,610
96,485
212,730
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*neq: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                               539
-------
                         "I"!
            Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
 Table 14-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Transportation Equipment,
 SIC Code 37, Continued
SIC
Code
3751



3761



3764



3769



3792



3795



3799















Industry
Motorcycles, Bicycles, & Parts



Guided Missiles & Space Vehicles



Space Propulsion Units & Parts



Space Vehicle Equipment, nee*



Travel Trailers & Campers



Tanks & Tank Components



Transportation Equipment, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 37



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 37



Total for SIC Code 37



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
69,810
108,060
97,100
NA
295
198,000
301,500
NA
0
0
154,800
NA
142,000
500
1,453
NA
5,500
0
0
NA
156,390
84,669
35,116
NA
108,491
220,754
191,834
NA
1,416,289
582,198
573,547
NA
0
31,200
42,675
NA
16,066,124
47,899,715
'53,488,818
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
	 o
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
849,960
796,580
455,229
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,429,559
2,243,166
1,683,039
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
152,200
128,400
112,960
NA
75,259
77,036
74,045
NA
322
2,476
5,299
NA
39,600
0
0
NA
0
58,882
64,339
NA
24,283
64,200
48,651
NA
32,002
29,096
50,216
NA
685,845
729,164
1,247,178
NA
0
49,066
73,209
NA
25,528,963
23,769,239
26,110,553
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
222,010
236,460
210,060
NA
75,554
275,036
375,545
NA
322
2,476
160,099
NA
181,600
500
1,453
NA
5,500
58,882
64,339
NA
180,673
148,869
83,767
NA
140,493
249,850
242,050
NA
2,952,094
2,107,942
2,275,954
NA
0
80,266
115,884
NA
43,024,646
73,912,120
81,282,410
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc; not elsewhere classified.
 540
-------
                                                   Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
Table 14-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37
SIC
Code
3711



3713



3714



3715



3716



3721



3724


3728


3731


3732


3743


Industry
Motor Vehicles & Car Bodies



Truck & Bus Bodies



Motor Vehicle Parts & Accessories



Truck Trailers



Motor Homes



Aircraft



Aircraft Engines & Engine Parts


Aircraft Parts & Equipment, nee*


Ship Building & Repairing


Boat Building & Repairing


Railroad Equipment


Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
36,777,515
38,484,555
32,554,874
NA
2,723,533
3,638,042
3,071,159
NA
93,685,644
92,156,631
93,683,430
NA
795,526
4,876,767
3,592,516
NA
130,410
125,985
141,443
NA
799,247
982,609
877,775
NA
9,572,020
7,178,479
11,102,829
NA
1,696,037
1,700,861
2,047,204
NA
6,598,311
4,527,162
1,812,538
NA
84,831
163,277
129,984
NA
1,400,556
2,810,090
2,735,055
NA
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
5,148,595
6,374,726
6,733,875
NA
1,405,814
1,426,697
1,411,993
NA
2,359,241
2,596,956
2,377,165
NA
141,970
242,957
296,290
NA
94,838
55,116
43,518
NA
949,147
784,891
971,081
NA
38,782
54,952
92,073
NA
301,053
216,838
240,429
NA
965,327
711,624
1,061,644
NA
306,854
265,752
206,320
NA
546,857
555,833
203,526
NA
1,213,559
1,183,900
1,445,253
5,962,593
88,148
119,716
91,853
501,109
1,228,506
1,248,673
1,524,382
2,658,575
57,105
37,033
41,248
255,063
5,004
2,000
1,460
22,610
393,778
534,756
744,209
5,392,161
539,580
739,731
663,180
1,278,509
422,625
171,951
261,716
736,565
115,758
149,222
292,572
3,438,897
10,296
20,982
47,268
196,377
32,743
91,814
134,629
356,140
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
1,694,161
1,393,163
1,789,222
1,349,190
81,440
89,456
203,063
528,883
763,947
758,851
889,573
1,284,525
620
545
47
43,877
0
0
0
0
70,945
30,556
52,329
118,773
14,927
2,905
2,816
114,039
38,771
54,822
17,691
201,877
2,518
6,578
7,180
960
49,976
12,921
253
812
1,247
568
90,452
85,392
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Off-site Further Waste
Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds
0
0
750
772,796
0
250
0
227,851
250
0
0
1,305,687
250
0
2,259,813
89,697
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
413,892
7,646
0
0
8,498
0
0
150
198,120
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
90,096
0
0
0
0
44,833,830
47,436,344
42,523,974
NA
4,298,935
5,274,161
4,778,068
NA
98,037,588
96,761,111
98,474,550
NA
995,471
5,157,302
6,189,914
NA
230,252
183,101
186,421
NA
2,213,117
2,332,812
2,645,394
NA
10,172,955
7,976,067
11,860,898
NA
2,458,486
2,144,472
2,567,190
NA
7,681,914
5,394,586
3,173,934
NA
451,957
463,182
383,825
NA
1,981,403
3,458,305
3,163,662
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                       541
-------
              Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
  Table 14-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
  Transportation Equipment, Continued
SIC
Code
3751



3761



3764



3769



3792



3795



3799















Industry
Motorcycles, Bicycles, & Parts



Guided Missiles & Space Vehicles



Space Propulsion Units & Parts



Space Vehick Equipment, nee*



Travel Trailers & Campers



Tanks &Tank Components



Transportation Equipment, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 37



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 37



Total for SIC Code 37



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
619,863
454,160
171,004
NA
27,219
25,196
81,632
NA
69,251
366,357
363,054
NA
5,900
188
761
NA
515
8,370
500
NA
88,599
129,734
537,808
NA
24,086
10,014
15,673
NA
7,100,165
5,754,113
8,010,287
NA
2,464
1,162,052
915,146
NA
162,201,692
164,554,642
161,844,672
NA
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
58,273
101,985
101,850
NA
20,093
9,790
21,808
NA
0
0
1,300
NA
33,055
0
5,593
NA
40,691
88,660
79,019
NA
0
0
902
NA
263,298
180,114
186,126
NA
912,041
1,277,046
2,299,022
NA
23,044
101,208
63,418
NA
13,608,973
15,045,145
16,396,952
NA
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
770
10,690
4,175
6,320
676
12,286
44,096
324,090
8,570
46,517
149,200
197,385
26,395
0
0
302,744
250
27,853
0
38,176
40,356
83,062
74,027
75,959
14,843
33,233
43,698
31,765
361,455
375,968
549,743-
2,202,597
0
6,473
5,778
180,919
4,560,417
4,895,860
6,118,487
24,158,554
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
505
750
0
0
31
27
27
2,500
5
10
10
303
0
0
0
24,500
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
289
8,160
3,488
7
0
11,065
10,017
102,775
204,723
10
1,142
1,002
55,805
2,738,328
2,365,799
3,156,448
4,016,448
Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
56,216
0
0
0
10,000
0
0
0
48,750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
321,275
0
0
0
85,937
8,146
500
2,260,713
3,632,015
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
679,411
567,585
277,029
NA
48,019
47,299
147,563
NA
77,826
412,884
513,564
NA
65,350
188
6,354
NA
41,456
124,883
79,519
NA
128,955
212,796
612,738
NA
310,387
226,849
245,504
NA
8,384,726
7,417,144
10,961,827
NA
25,518
1,270,875
985,344
NA
183,117,556
186,861,946
189,777,272
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 37 are assigned to the "multiple" category
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 542
-------
                                        Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
Alliant Techsystems, Inc., in Magna, Utah (SIC
code 3764 in 1988 and codes 2892, 3089 and 3764
in 1996), ranked first in decreases of releases. This
facility manufactures large solid fuel rocket motors
for the Department of Defense and several
commercial ventures. Alliant's rank was largely the
result of the phase-out of dichloromethane
(methylene chloride) as a conditioning agent in
graphite fiber manufacturing. When the Department
of Defense changed its material specifications for
military contractors as a result of the Montreal
Protocol, this facility engaged in a reduction
program. Substitution of a water-soluble compound
for dichloromethane accounted for almost half of
this facility's 2.73 million-pound reduction of
releases.

Ford Electronics in Connersville, Indiana (SIC code
3714), was second in decreases with an overall 2.4
million-pound reduction. This manufacturer of
automobile air conditioning systems reduced
trichloroethylene air emissions by 1.4 million
pounds, 59% of the facility's total change, by
substituting aqueous cleaning systems for vapor
degreasing systems.                    /

Chrysler Corporation in Fenton, Missouri (SIC
code 3711), was third in decreases with a 2.2 ,
million-pound reduction. Trucks and vans are
manufactured at this Chrysler plant. The facility
switched from solvent-based paints to water-based
paints for new vehicles. Consequently, releases of
paint solvents, such as xylene (mixed isomers),
were significantly reduced. Xylene (mixed isomers)
accounted for 63% of the facility's reduction in
releases.

Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
 Releases, 1988-1996

 In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
 large apparent increases and decreases, which have
 been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
 Because these are errors or plant closures and not
 actual changes in the data, these facilities are not
discussed in detail here. There are four such
facilities in the transportation equipment sector:

   Ford Motor Company, Claycomo, Missouri,
   increase of 1.2 million pounds, reporting error.
   The facility contact stated that there may be an
   error in their 1988 reporting. At the time of this
   writing, the facility is considering whether or
   not to revise its 1988 submission.
   General Motors NAO Van Nuys Plant,
   Panorama City, California, decrease of 2.7
   million pounds, plant closure.
   Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, Savannah,
   Georgia, decrease of 2.7 million pounds,
   reporting error.
   Gunderson, Inc., Portland, Oregon, increase of
   6.2 million pounds, reporting error.

 1991-1996 Waste Management Data
 for Transportation Equipment

 Table 14-17 summarizes on- and off-site waste
 management data for the transportation equipment
 sector for 1991, when TRI began collecting this
 information, and the three most recent years
 (1994-1996). Total production-related waste
 decreased from 382.7 million pounds in 1991 to
 334.9 million pounds in 1996, a 12.5% reduction.
 This reduction masks an even larger decrease in
 more recent years, since production-related waste
 had increased to 413.9 million pounds by 1994.

 The largest changes were reported in recycling, and
 these changes partly offset each other. On-site
 recycling dropped from 65.8 million pounds in
 1991 to 16.1 million pounds in  1996. At the same
 time, off-site recycling rose from  111.3 million
 pounds to 169.0 million pounds. The net decrease
 on-site for recycling was 49.8 million pounds and
 the increase off-site was 57.7 million pounds.

 Quantities released on- and off-site in this sector
 decreased from 141.4 million pounds in 1991 to
                                                                                               543
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              Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment



  Table 14-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996: Transportation Equipment, SIC Code 37
Waste Management Activity
Ofl-sJte Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Manasement
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Tottl Production-related Waste
Non-Produetion-related Waste
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Manaoement
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Tottl Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
1991
Pounds
65,827,206
2,173,685
24,899,477
92,900,368
111,282,173
22,851,506
14,294,515
148,428,194
141,357,987
382,686,549
573,726
Change
1994-1995
Percent
-10.4
33.3
-8.9
-9.0
-6.6
-9.3
-18.2
-7.4
-11.0
-8.8
-53.5
1994
Pounds
53,488,857
1,683,039
26,110,599
81,282,495
179,735,895
16,627,429
9,543,937
205,907,261
126,712,093
413,901,849
493,034
Change
1995-1996
Percent
-66.5
-36.3
7.3
-41.8
0.7
-0.1
4.6
0.8
-11.6
-11.3
-41.7
1995
Pounds
47,899,715
2,243,166
23,790,687
73,933,568
167,879,298
15,075,555
7,811,174
190,766,027
112,730,438
377,430,033
229,131
Change
1991-1996
Percent
-75.6
-34.2
2.5
-53.7
51.9
-34.1
-42.9
29.5
-29.5
-12.5
-76.7
1996
Pounds
16,066,124
1,429,559
25,528,963
43,024,646
169,017,748
15,053,396
8,167,845
192,238,989
99,612,655
334,876,290
133,587







Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Currou Year, Column B) of year indicated.
 544
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                                          Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
        60
        20-
         0-
        -20-
        -40
          Recycled   Energy   Treated
           On-site  Recovery   On-site
                   On-site
Recycled   Energy   Treated           Quantity
 Off-site  Recovery   Off-site       Released On-
         Off-site                and Off-site
    Total
Production-
   related
   Waste
             On-site Waste Management             Off-site Waste Management
        Figure 14-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
                               Transportation Equipment (SIC Code 37)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
 99.6 million pounds in 1996, a reduction of 29.5%.
 All other types of waste management decreased
 except on-site treatment, which had a net increase
 of 629,000 pounds for 1994-1996.

 Thus, the largest changes in waste management in
 the transportation equipment sector for the
 comparison period were a reduction in quantities of
 TRI chemicals released on- and off-site
 accompanied by a net increase in recycling (on-and
 off-site combined). These changes suggest some
 improvements over time in how waste has been
 managed in this sector, in relation to the waste
 management hierarchy (described in Chapter 1).
 Furthermore, reductions in production-related
 waste altogether have continued in recent years,
 even as the sector has seen recovery to its earlier
 production levels. Notably, some facilities in this
 sector with large increases in production-related
 waste attribute those increases to  expanding
           production, while some facilities with substantial
           reductions have undertaken process and material
           modifications that resulted in lesser quantities of
           toxic waste.

           Figure 14-13 displays the 1994-1996 percentage
           changes in production-related waste by waste
           management type for this sector.

           Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
           in Waste Management. 1991-1996

           Arvin N.A. Automotive in Franklin, Indiana (SIC
           code 3714), ranked first in increases of production-
           related waste. The facility buys stock stainless steel
           and produces finished tubing for automobiles.
           Scrap material is sent off-site for recycling.
           Manganese (a constituent of stainless steel)
           reported as recycled off-site accounted for 82
           percent of the overall 14.3 million-pound increase.
                                                                                                  545
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                     '• Ti
           Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
 The facility attributes this change to increased
 production over the 1991-1996 period.

 Delphi Packard Electric Systems in Warren, Ohio
 (SIC codes 3714), was the second-largest increaser
 with a, total change of 7.0 million pounds. The
 Delphi Packard facility manufactures wire
 harnesses for automobiles. Wire and wire terminal
 scrap are sent off-site for recycling. The facility
 reported a 7.5 million-pound increase in off-site
 recycling of copper compounds, a major
 component of the wire and wire terminals, as a
 result of a production increase. Decreases in other
 production-related waste categories resulted in an
 overall increase that was smaller than the increase
 in off-site recycling (for copper compounds).

 The facility with the third largest increase is
 Mitsubishi Motor Manufacturing in Normal,
 Illinois (SIC code 3711), with a 5.4 million-pound
 increase. The increase is largely due to a change in
 the interpretation of TRI reporting requirements,
 according to the facility contact.1 Nickel, a
 constituent of the metal used in the production of
 automobile body parts, was the chemical with the
 single-largest increase (1.0 million pounds,  off-site
 recycling).

 Preferred Technical Group, Inc., in Mitchell,
 Indiana (SIC code 3714 in 1988, did not report in
 1996), had the biggest reduction in production-
 related waste with a total decrease of 22.4 million
 pounds. The facility, a manufacturer of automobile
 air conditioner components, eliminated the use of
 trichloroethylene as a degreaser by substituting
 water-based detergents. This was the only chemical
 reported to TRI by Preferred Technical Group
1  There are no TRI regulatory definitions of recycling.
   Facilities may use their own interpretations for purposes of
   reporting to TRI. Changes in these interpretations do not
   represent a change in guidance by EPA on how to report
   recycling.
 (1987 to 1994), and it accounted for 100 percent of
 the facility's reduction.

 Second was Modine Manufacturing Company in
 Logansport, Indiana (SIC code 3714). The facility,
 a manufacturer of air conditioner parts—
 historically for automobiles and currently for home
 and commercial applications—phased-out the use
 of 1,1,1-trichloroethane from a degreasing
 operation. An aqueous cleaner was substituted. The
 elimination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane was
 predominantly responsible for the overall decrease
 of 7.1 million pounds in production-related waste.

 The third-ranked facility for decreases was the
 Cessna Aircraft Company in Columbus, Georgia
 (SIC code 3728), with a 4.1 million-pound
 reduction. The Cessna facility manufactures aircraft
 structural detail and assemblies such as wing flaps,
 ailerons, and stabilizers. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
 (TCA), the chemical primarily responsible for the
 facility's ranking, was used in a degreasing process
 and was replaced by trichloroethylene. Because of
 the phase-out of TCA, no data were reported for the
 chemical in 1996. Therefore, the 1991 data for the
 chemical equals the total decrease. Nearly all of the
 1991 data for TCA were reported as recycled on-
 site (4.08 million pounds). The facility states that
 its interpretation of how to calculate this quantity in
 1991 resulted in a deceptively large figure. On-site
 recycling estimation methods at the plant have
 since changed.2

 Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
Production-Related Waste, 1991-1996

In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
large apparent increases and decreases, which have
   There are no TRI regulatory definitions of recycling.
   Facilities may use their own interpretations for purposes of
   reporting to TRI. Changes in these interpretations do not
   represent a change in guidance by EPA on how to report
   recycling.
546
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                                        Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
Because these are errors or plant closures and not
actual changes in the data, these facilities are not
discussed in detail here. There is one such facility
in the transportation equipment sector:

   TRW Automotive Electronics, Union Springs,
   New  York, decrease of 4.7 million pounds,
   plant closure.

Facilities Contacted for Explanations
(alphabetical by facility):

   Alliant Techsystems, Inc., Magna, Utah: Mike
   Parker, July 21, 1998 (explanation provided)
   Arvin N. A. Automotive, Franklin, Indiana: Dan
   Boucher, July 21, 1998 (explanation provided)
   Cessna Aircraft Company, Columbus, Georgia:
   Michael Freier, August 5, 1998 (explanation
   provided)
   Chrysler Corporation, Fenton, Missouri: Gary
   S. Sczepanski, August 27,1998 (explanation
   provided)
   Delphi Packard Electric Systems, Warren,
   Ohio: Dominic Lnburgia, July 27,1998
    (explanation provided)
   Ford Electronics, Connersville, Indiana: Joseph
    King, August 11, 1998 (explanation provided)
    Ford Motor Company, Claycomo, Missouri:
    Ghani Baig, July 24, August 5, and September
    2,1998; Martin Whitehead, August 24, 1998
    (explanation provided)
    General Motors NAO Van Nuys Plant,
    Panorama City, California: Ed Piasecki, August
    10, 1998 (explanation provided)
Gulfstream Aerospace Corp., Savannah,
Georgia: William D. Sherrod, August 24,1998
(explanation provided)
Gunderson, Jnc, Portland, Oregon: Robert A.
Bridgers, July 21,1998 (explanation provided)
Mitsubishi Motor Manufacturing, Normal,
Illinois: Troy Weirick, July 21,1998
(explanation provided)
Modine Manufacturing Company, Logansport,
Indiana: Thomas S. Sanicola, July 22 and July
30,1990 (explanation provided)
Preferred Technical Group, Inc., Columbus
City, Indiana: William S. Cochrane, July 31,
1998 (explanation provided)
Preferred Technical Group, Inc., Mitchell,
Indiana: Dearl C. Reynolds, July 21,1998
(explanation provided)
Saturn Corporation, Spring Hill, Tennessee:
William R. Miller, TH, August 4,1998
(explanation provided)
Southwest Shipyard, L.P., Channelview, Texas:
Lynn R. Jones, August 10,1998 (explanation
provided)
Subaru-Isuzu Automotive, Inc., Lafayette,
Indiana: Michelle Byrd,  August  26,1998
(explanation provided)
Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky,
Georgetown, Kentucky:  Robert Ernest, July 22,
 1998 (explanation provided)
TRW Automotive Electronics, Union Springs,
New York: Thomas C. Battaglia, July 21, 1998
(explanation provided)
                                                                                             547
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          Chapter 14 — TRI Data for Transportation Equipment
548
-------
                                Chapter  15
   Instruments and Photographic Equipment
                              (SIC Code 38)
A Look at the Instruments
and Photographic
Equipment Industry
(SIC Code 38)

The instruments and photographic equipment
industry (SIC code 38) produces instruments and
equipment for a variety of purposes as indicated by
its full title: measuring, analyzing, and controlling
instruments; photographic, medical, and optical
goods; watches and clocks (see Box 15-1).
Instruments and controls manufactured in SIC code
38 include search and navigation equipment such as
radar and sonar, laboratory apparatus,
environmental controls such as thermostats for
residential and commercial use, and industrial
instruments to measure, display and control process
variables. The sector produces medical instruments,
equipment, and supplies (including x-ray apparatus)
and ophthalmic goods (such as eyeglasses).
Photographic goods produced in this sector include
not only equipment and parts, but also photographic
film, paper, and chemicals. Box 15-1 lists Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and their
designations for this sector. In TRI, SIC codes are
given as reported by the facilities; these may differ
from information in economic and other data
collections.
The instruments and photographic equipment sector
shipped products valued at $151.02 billion in 1996,
up from $144.72 billion in 1995 (both in current
dollars). However, the sector's employment
decreased from 831,000 in 1995 to 821,000 in
1996. This sector has shown little growth in the
1990s, but it has also been one of the more
economically stable sectors. From 1989 to 1996,
production in this sector increased 4.7%, compared
to 17.6% for all U.S. manufacturing. During those
years, however, production in the instruments and
photographic equipment sector never fell below the
1989 level (see Chapter 1, Table 1-10).

At the four-digit SIC code level, the search and
navigation equipment industry (SIC code 3612)
shipped products valued at $30.37 billion in 1996.
The photographic equipment industry (SIC code
3861) shipped products valued at $22.30 billion.
Two other industries in this sector had shipments
valued at more than $15 billion in 1996: surgical
and medical instruments (SIC code 3841) with
$17.04 billion and surgical appliances (SIC code
3842) with $15.87 billion. As noted throughout this
chapter, the manufacture of photographic equipment
and supplies in SIC code 3861 was associated with
the sector's largest releases and waste management
of TRI chemicals. Production of surgical, medical,
and dental instruments (industries in SIC code 384,
at the three-digit level) also contributed significantly
to the sector's TRI reporting.

                                      549
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               Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment


 Box 15-1. SIC Code 38, Measuring, Analyzing, and Controlling Instruments; Photographic, Medical, and Optical Goods;
 Watches and Clocks:  Codes and Classifications
   SIC Cod*
                                                                 Industry Description
   381    Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical,
          and Nautical Systems, Instruments, and Equipment
          3812   Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance,
                 Aeronautical, and Nautical Systems and Instruments
   382    Laboratory Apparatus and Analytical, Optical,
          Measuring, and Controlling Instruments

          3821   Laboratory Apparatus and Furniture


          3822   Automatic Controls for Regulating Residential and
                 Commercial Environments and Appliances


          3823   Industrial Instruments for Measurement, Display,
                 and Control of Process Variables; and Related
                 Products

          3824   Totalizing Fluid Meters and Counting Devices
          3825   Instruments for Measuring and Testing of Electricity
                 and Electrical Signals
         3826   Laboratory Analytical Instruments
         3827   Optical Instruments and Lenses
         3829   Measuring and Controlling Devices, nee*
  384    Surgical, Medical, and Dental Instruments and Supplies

         3841   Surgical and Medical Instruments and Apparatus


         3842   Orthopedic, Prosthetic, and Surgical Appliances and
                Supplies
         3843   Dental Equipment and Supplies

         3844   X-ray Apparatus and Tubes and Related Irradiation
                Apparatus

         3845   Ekctromedical and Electrothcrapeutic Equipment

  385    Ophthalmic Goods
         3851   Ophthalmic Goods
 Manufacture of search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical, and nautical
 systems and instruments. Includes radar and sonar; countermeasuies equipment;
 aircraft and missile control systems; flight and navigation sensors, transmitters, and
 displays; and gyroscopes.
 Manufacture of laboratory apparatus and furniture, including laboratory balances
 and scales, furnaces and ovens, and centrifuges.

 Manufacture of temperature and related controls for heating and air-conditioning
 installations and refrigeration applications. Manufacture of automatic regulators used
 as components of household appliances.

 Manufacture of industrial instruments and related products for measuring,
 displaying, transmitting, and controlling process variables in manufacturing, energy
 conversion, and public service utilities.

 Manufacture of totalizing (registering) meters that monitor fluid flows, such as water
 and gas meters. Production of mechanical and electromechanical counters and
 associated metering devices.

 Manufacture of instruments for measuring the characteristics of electricity and
 electrical signals, such as voltmeters, ammeters, demand meters, and equipment for
 testing electrical, radio, and communication circuits and electrical characteristics of
 internal combustion engines.

 Manufacture of laboratory instruments and instrumentation systems for chemical or
 physical analysis of the composition or concentration of samples of solid, fluid,
 gaseous, or composite material.

 Manufacture of instruments and apparatus that measure an optical property and
 optically project, measure, or magnify an image, such as binoculars, microscopes,
 prisms, and lenses.

 Manufacture of miscellaneous measuring and controlling devices, including
 meteorological instruments. Includes equipment to test physical properties,
 instrumentation to detect and measure nuclear radiation, aircraft engine instruments,
 and thermometers. Also includes surveying and drafting instruments.


 Manufacture of medical, surgical, ophthalmic, and veterinary instruments and
 apparatus.

 Manufacture of orthopedic, prosthetic, and surgical appliances and supplies; arch
 supports and other foot appliances; fracture appliances, elastic hosiery, abdominal
 supporters, braces, and trusses; bandages; surgical gauze and dressings; sutures;
 adhesive tapes and medicated plasters; and personal safety appliances and
 equipment.

 Manufacture of artificial teeth, dental metals, alloys, and amalgams, and equipment,
 instruments, and supplies used by dentists, dental laboratories, and dental colleges.

 Manufacture of radiographic, fluoroscopic, and therapeutic X-ray apparatus and
 tubes for medical, industrial, research, and control applications.  Manufacture of
 other irradiation equipment, including gamma and beta-ray equipment.

 Manufacture of electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus.
Manufacture of ophthalmic frames, lenses, and sunglass lenses.
•nee: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
550
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                             Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Box 15-1.  SIC Code 38, Measuring, Analyzing, and Controlling Instruments; Photographic, Medical, and Optical Goods;
Watches and Clocks: Codes and Classifications, Continued
 SIC Code
                                                   Industry Description
 386   Photographic Equipment and Supplies
       3861   Photographic Equipment and Supplies
 387   Watches, Clocks, Clockwork Operated Devices, and Parts
       3873
             Watches, Clocks, Clockwork Operated Devices, and
             Parts
Manufacture of photographic apparatus, equipment, parts, attachments, and
accessories; photocopy and microfilm equipment; blueprinting and diazotype (white
printing) apparatus, and other photographic equipment. Manufacture of sensitized
film, paper, cloth, and plates, and prepared photographic chemicals for use with
photographic equipment.
Manufacture of clocks (including electric), watches, watchcases, mechanisms for
clockwork-operated devices, and clock and watch parts. Assembly of clocks and
watches from purchased movements and cases.
*nec: not elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
The manufacture of instruments and photographic
equipment involves processes common to some
other industrial sectors, such as fabrication of metal
products, production of articles from plastics
materials or glass, and manufacture of electronic
equipment. However, in the instruments and
photographic equipment sector, some products may
require machining to finer tolerances or testing to
stricter product and performance standards. Many
medical and surgical products, for example, must
meet additional criteria such as the ability of
pacemakers to withstand sterilization in an
autoclave.
      Photographic equipment and supplies (SIC code
      3861) ranked first in this sector for releases and for
      production-related waste in 1996. Recycling is
      common in photographic film manufacture, to
      recover valuable silver from wastes. Traditional
      silver-based processes continue to dominate the
      photographic industry's market,  although new
      techniques (such as digital photography) are
      advancing. Manufacture of photographic film
      generally begins with production of a thin sheet of
      plastic from a cellulose acetate base (a solvent-
      based process). Silver nitrate, produced by
      dissolving silver in nitric acid, is added to a gelatin
      chemically treated with iodide and potassium
      bromide, yielding an emulsion of silver halide
      salts.
                                                    Sources

   Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987:
       Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and industry descriptions.
   U.S. Industry & Trade Outlook '98, DRI/McGraw Hill, Standard & Poor's, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
       International Trade Administration, 1998: economic analyses, also provides some information on environment and
       industrial processes for selected industries.
   U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufactures: Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries, M96(AS)-1,
       February 1998 : value of shipments and employment.
       Supplemental data from U.S. Census Bureau  for some industries.
   How Products Are Made: An Illustrated Guide to Product Manufacturing, Gale Research, 1996: industry processes and
       technologies.
   McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 8th ed., 1997: industry processes and technologies.
                                                                                                          551
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                    •'If'l
           Chapter 15 — TRI Data lor Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Table 15-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment,
SIC Code 38
Total Total
On- and Production-
OfT-sUe related
Releases Waste
Rank Rank
9
10
4
11
14
IS
17
5
8
2
6
13
12
15
7
1
16
3

12
14
3
7
9
11
18
8
10
2
4
15
13
16
6
1
17
5

SIC
Code
3812
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3829
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3851
3861
3873


Total Total
Industry Facilities Forms Form As
Number Number Number
Search & Navigation Equipment
Laboratory Apparatus & Furniture
Environmental Controls
Process Control Instruments
Fluid Meters & Counting Devices
Instruments to Measure Electricity
Analytical Instruments
Optical Instruments & Lenses
Measuring & Controlling Devices, nee*
Surgical & Medical Instruments
Surgical Appliances & Supplies
Dental Equipment & Supplies
X-ray Apparatus & Tubes
Electromedical Equipment
Ophthalmic Goods
Photographic Equipment & Supplies
Watches, Clocks, Watchcases & Parts
Multiple within SIC Code 38
Total for SIC Code 38
11
10
19
15
7
5
2
7
9
70
27
14
4
7
16
49
3
16
291
13
22
62
23
19
9
2
12
17
121
45
19
13
9
27
251
3
40
707
1
5
4
2
3
1
0
1
0
7
4
0
0
0
0
15
1
2
46
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
125,441
99,184
438,113
74,703
34,833
1,156
11,000
55,249
146,866
1,594,470
462,966
31,275
26,942
20,692
395,622
10,407,088
26,500
549,403
14,501,503
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
4,000
265
66,290
0
1,005
0
0
425,442
0
70,351
13,061
5,450
11,910
7,100
48,258
189,101
0
6,335
848,568
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
129,441
99,449
504,403
74,703
35,838
1,156
11,000
480,691
146,866
1,664,821
476,027
36,725
38,852
27,792
443,880
10,596,189
26,500
555,738
15,350,071
Note: On-slte Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 38 are assigned to the "multiple" category. There may be forms but no facilities in a single
4-digit SIC code because a facility reported different 4-digit SIC codes in SIC code 38 on its individual forms.
*n«c: not elsewhere classified.
 1996 TRI  Data for
 Instruments  and
 Photographic  Equipment

 Table 15-1 summarizes TRI reporting by the
 instruments and photographic equipment sector for
 1996. The sector submitted 707 forms in 1996. Of
 these, 46 were Form A certification statements,
 certifying that a facility's total annual reportable
 amount of a TRI chemical was  less than 500
 pounds for the year and that the facility did not
 manufacture, process, or otherwise use more than 1
 million pounds. (The Form A certification
 statement is explained in Chapter 1.)

 The photographic equipment industry (SIC code
 3861) submitted the sector's largest number of
forms, 251 or 35.595? of the total. The surgical and
medical instruments industry (SIC code 3841)
ranked second with 121 forms, or 17.1%. Ranking
third, the environmental controls industry (SIC
code 3822) submitted 62 forms, or 8.8%.

The photographic equipment industry (SIC code
3861) also ranked first in the instruments and
photographic equipment sector for all categories of
TRI reporting summarized in Table 15-1, except
off-site releases. This industry reported 10.6 million
pounds of total on- and off-site releases, including
10.4 million pounds of on-site releases. These
amounts were approximately 70% of the sector's
total on- and off-site releases of 15.4 million
pounds and on-site releases of 14.5 million pounds.
The photographic equipment industry also reported
36.7 million pounds of other on-site waste
management, 86.2% of the sector's 42.5 million-
 552
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                             Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Table 15-1.  Summary of TRI Information by4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code
38, Continued
SIC
Code
3812
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3829
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3851
3861
3873


Industry
Search & Navigation Equipment
Laboratory Apparatus & Furniture
Environmental Controls
Process Control Instruments
Fluid Meters & Counting Devices
Instruments to Measure Electricity
Analytical Instruments
Optical Instruments & Lenses
Measuring & Controlling Devices, nee*
Surgical & Medical Instruments
Surgical Appliances & Supplies
Dental Equipment & Supplies
X-ray Apparatus & Tubes
Electromedical Equipment
Ophthalmic Goods
Photographic Equipment & Supplies
Watches, Clocks, Watchcases & Parts
Multiple within SIC Code 38
Total for SIC Code 38
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
51,700
5
305,355
24,060
44,229
27,471
0
30,372
24,448
3,618,136
1,139,608
1,385
20,260
21,000
225,056
36,679,953
26,126
305,508
42,544,672
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
62,125
127,912
4,017,440
554,486
367,834
74,161
42,200
93,179
81,099
1,836,875
1,150,352
131,101
180,345
94,422
519,000
8,007,796
5,650
722,127
18,068,104
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
241,573
237,330
4,897,977
651,260
454,026
247,194
53,850
611,557
251,487
7,282,007
2,748,064
160,550
239,202
142,412
1,190,177
55,406,391
58,400
1,604,055
76,477,512
Non-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
52
410
0
0
0
1
140,696
0
350
141,559
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section € (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 38 are assigned to the "multiple" category. There may be forms but no facilities in a single
4-digit SIC code because a facility reported different 4-digit SIC codes in SIC code 38 on its individual forms.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 pound total. The industry reported 8.0 million
 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste
 management, which was 44.3% of the sector's total
 of 18.1 million pounds in that category. The
 photographic equipment industry accounted for
 55.4 million pounds of total production-related
 waste, 72.4% of the sector total of 76.5 million
 pounds.

 The optical instruments and lenses industry (SIC
 code 3827) ranked first in this sector for off-site
 releases, with 425,000 pounds, 50.1% of the
 sector's total  of 849,000 pounds. In this category,
 the photographic equipment industry (SIC code
 3861) ranked second, with 189,000  pounds
 (22.3%).

 The surgical and medical instruments industry (SIC
 code 3841) ranked second among instruments and
photographic equipment industries in most other
categories summarized in Table 15-1. This industry
reported 1.6 million pounds of on-site releases
(11.0% of the sector's total), 1.7 million pounds of
total releases (10.8%), 3.6 million pounds of other
on-site waste management (8.5%), and 7.3 million
pounds of total production-related waste (9.5%).
The environmental controls industry (SIC code
3822) ranked second with 4.0 million pounds
(22.2%) of transfers off-site for further waste
management.

The surgical and medical instruments industry (SIC
code  3841) ranked third in this sector for both off-
site releases (70,000 pounds, or 8.3%) and transfers
off-site for further waste management (1.8 million
pounds, or 10.2%).
                                                                                                       553
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           Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
 Forms reporting multiple SIC codes in SIC code 38
 (explained below) reported the sector's third largest
 amount of on-site releases, with 549,000 pounds
 (3.8%), and total releases, with 556,000 pounds
 (3.6%). The surgical appliances industry (SIC code
 3842) ranked third for other on-site waste
 management, with 1.1 million pounds (2.7%), and
 the environmental controls industry (SIC code
 3822) ranked third for total production-related
 waste, with 4.9 million pounds (6.4%).

 Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 38

 Some facilities in the instruments and photographic
 equipment sector manufacture distinct, but related,
 products that are classified in separate SIC codes
 within SIC code 38. A facility may manufacture
 both process control instruments for industry (SIC
 code 3823) and instruments to measure electricity
 (SIC code 3825). Another facility may produce
 both analytical instruments for laboratory use (SIC
 code 3826) and miscellaneous measuring and
 controlling devices (SIC code 3829). These
 facilities may report multiple SIC codes on their
 TRI forms. (Box 1-5 in Chapter 1 further explains
 reporting of multiple SIC codes and its affect on the
 analyses presented in the TRI data release.)
Table 15-2 further examines reporting on the 40
forms that reported multiple SIC codes in SIC code
38 in 1996. The surgical and medical instruments
industry (SIC code 3841) appeared in the two
combinations that were most frequently reported.
This industry and the surgical appliances industry
(SIC code 3842) was the most frequent
combination, on 19 forms. Surgical and medical
instruments and electromedical equipment (SIC
code 3845) was the second most frequent
combination, on 6  forms. Altogether, the multiple-
codes forms in  SIC code 38 reported 556,000
pounds of total on- and off-site releases and 1.6
million pounds of total production-related waste in
1996.

On- and Off-site Releases

The instruments and photographic equipment sector
reported 13.2 million pounds of air emissions in
1996, amounting to 86.0% of all releases reported
in this sector. Surface water discharges were the
second-largest release type, with 1.3 million pounds
(8.5%).  Off-site releases (transfers to disposal)
totaled 849,000 pounds (5.5%). The sector reported
less than 3,000  pounds of other on-site land
releases and no underground injection. Table 15-3
presents the sector's on- and off-site releases for
Table 15-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38


SIC Codes

3823
3823
3S23
3823
3826
3826
384I
3841

3824
3825
3825 3829
3829
3827
3829
3842
3845
Tow! for SIC Code 38
Total
Forms
Number
1
4
1
4
1
4
19
6
40

Form As
Number
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
0
50
10,024
18,340
10
20,343
424,621
76,015
549,403
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
0
0
0
1,035
0
0
5,300
0
6,335
Total Total Transfers
On- and Total Other Off-site for
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds
0
50
10,024
19,375
10
20,343
429,921
76,015
555,738
Pounds
0
9,020
0
13,560
0
8,486
138,442
136,000
305,508
Pounds
0
22,548
0
86,305
0
86,399
480,152
46,723
722,127
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste
Pounds
0
53,675
10,024
117,736
8
114,449
1,049,425
258,738
1,604,055
Waste
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
350
0
350
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases are transfers off-site to disposal
from Section 6 of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 of Form R. Total Production-related Waste sums
Section 8 of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
 554
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                            Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Table 15-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38
SIC
Code
3861
3841

3822
3827
3842
3851
3829
3812
3821
3823
3844
3843
3824
3845
3873
3826
3825

Industry
Photographic Equipment & Supplies
Surgical & Medical Instruments
Multiple within SIC Code 38
Environmental Controls
Optical Instruments & Lenses
Surgical Appliances & Supplies
Ophthalmic Goods
Measuring & Controlling Devices, nee*
Search & Navigation Equipment
Laboratory Apparatus & Furniture
Process Control Instruments
X-ray Apparatus & Tubes
Dental Equipment & Supplies
Fluid Meters & Counting Devices
Electromedical Equipment
Watches, Clocks, Watchcases & Parts
Analytical Instruments
Instruments to Measure Electricity
Total for SIC Code 38
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
9,109,603
1,594,204
549,123
437,011
54,439
462,966
395,622
146,866
125,441
99,179
74,607
26,919
31,275
34,808
20,692
26,500
11,000
1,156
13,201,411
On-site Land Releases
Surface Underground Injection RCRA Other
Water Class I Class II-V Subtitle C On-site Land
Discharges Wells Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
1,296,335
6
280
60
810
0
0
0
0
5
17
23
0
25
0
0
0
0
1,297,561
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,150
260
0
1,042
0
0
0
0
0
0
79
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,531
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
10,407,088
1,594,470
549,403
438,113
55,249
462,966
395,622
146,866
125,441
99,184
74,703
26,942
31,275
34,833
20,692
26,500
11,000
1,156
14,501,503
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
189,101
70,351
6,335
66,290
425,442
13,061
48,258
0
4,000
265
0
11,910
5,450
1,005
7,100
0
0
0
848,568
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
10,596,189
1,664,821
555,738
. 504,403
480,691
476,027
443,880
146,866
129,441
99,449
74,703
38,852
36,725
35,838
27,792
26,500
11,000
1,156
15,350,071
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 38 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
 1996, and Figure 15-1 illustrates their distribution
 by release type.

 The photographic equipment industry (SIC code
 3861) reported the sector's largest amounts of on-
 site releases. This industry reported releasing 9.1
 million pounds to air and 1.3 million pounds to
 surface water. One facility in SIC code 3861
 reported air emissions of 2.4 million pounds of
 dichloromethane, 1.4 million pounds of methanol,
 and 2.0 million pounds of hydrochloric acid in
 1996. These were the three top chemicals for
 releases by this sector in 1996, as seen in the
 discussion of "1996 TRI Data by Chemical,"
 below. The same facility and another facility owned
 by the same parent company reported a total of
 940,000 pounds of surface water discharges of
 nitrate compounds.

 The surgical and medical instruments industry (SIC
 code 3841) ranked second in this sector for air
 emissions, with 1.6 million pounds. No industry in
 this sector, other than the photographic equipment
 industry (SIC code 3861), reported more than 1,000
 pounds of surface water discharges. The
photographic equipment industry and the
environmental controls industry (SIC code 3822)
each reported approximately 1,000 pounds of other
on-site land releases.
  Surface
   Water
   8.5%
Transfers Off-site
  to Disposal
     5.5%
                                      Air
                                     86.0%
                     Underground Injection = 0%
                     RCRA Subtitle C Landfills = 0%
                     Other On-site Land Releases < 0.1%

   Figure 15-1.  Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site
     Releases, 1996:  Instruments and Photographic
               Equipment (SIC Code 38)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from
Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
                                                                                                     555
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            Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
  The optical instruments and lenses industry (SIC
  code 3827) ranked first in this sector for off-site
  releases, reporting 425,000 pounds, followed by
  photographic equipment (SIC code 3861) with
  189,000 pounds. One optical instruments and lenses
  facility reported transfers to disposal of 212,000 of
  barium, and another facility in this industry
  reported transfers to disposal of 160,000 pounds of
  zinc compounds.

  Figure 15-2 shows the distribution of on- and off-
  site releases for the industries (four-digit SIC code)
  with the sector's largest releases.

  Other On-site Waste Management

  The instruments and photographic equipment sector
  reported on-site treatment totaling 37.6 million
  pounds in 1996, as shown in Table 15-4. On-site
  treatment amounted to 88.5% of the sector's total
  other on-site waste management. The sector
reported 4.0 million pounds of on-site recycling and
939,000 pounds of on-site energy recovery. These
amounts represented 9.3% and 2.2%, respectively,
of the sector's total other on-site waste
management.

The photographic equipment industry (SIC code
3861) reported the largest amounts in all three types
of on-site waste management.  This industry
reported on-site treatment of 33.4 million pounds,
including 14.0 million pounds of methanol reported
by one facility. This one form  for methanol
represented one-third (32.9%)  of the sector's total
other on-site waste management in 1996. The
surgical and medical instruments industry  (SIC
code 3841) ranked second in the sector for on-site
treatment, with 2.9 million pounds.

The photographic equipment industry (SIC code
3861) reported 2.6 million pounds of on-site
recycling and 684,000 pounds  of on-site energy
                   12,000,000
                   10,000,000
                   8,000,000
                   6,000,000 •
                   4.000,000 •
                   2,000,000 •
           B Transfers Off-site to Disposal
           • Other On-site Land Releases
           E RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
           nUIJ, Class II-V Wells
           Q UIJ, Class I Wells
           is Surface Water
           HAir
                           3861
                                 3841
                                       Mult.
                                             3822   3827   3842   3851
                                                                    3829
                                                                          3812
                                                                                3821
       Figure 15-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest Releases, 1996:
                      Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38)
Note: On-sltc Releases from Section 5 of FormR. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal). UIJ = underground injection. Forms with
more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 38 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 556
-------
                           Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Table 15-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38 (in Rank
Order)
SIC
Code
3861
3841
3842

3822
3851
3812
3824
3827
3825
3873
3829
3823
3845
3844
3843
3821
3826

Industry
Photographic Equipment & Supplies
Surgical & Medical Instruments
Surgical Appliances & Supplies
Multiple within SIC Code 38
Environmental Controls
Ophthalmic Goods
Search & Navigation Equipment
Fluid Meters & Counting Devices
Optical Instruments & Lenses
Instruments to Measure Electricity
Watches, Clocks, Watchcases & Parts
Measuring & Controlling Devices, nee*
Process Control Instruments
Electromedical Equipment
X-ray Apparatus & Tubes
Dental Equipment & Supplies
Laboratory Apparatus & Furniture
Analytical Instruments
Total for SIC Code 38
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
2,645,308
678,671
242,106
13,560
44,905
220,186
47,900
0
30,372
0
11,100
24,448
0
0
2,179
0
0
0
3,960,735
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
683,500
0
0
0
255,185
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
938,685
Treated
On-site
Pounds,/
33,351,145
2,939,465
897,502
291,948
5,265
4,870
3,800
44,229
0
27,471
15,026
0
24,060
21,000
18,081
1,385
5
0
37,645,252
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
36,679,953
3,618,136
1,139,608
305,508
305,355
225,056
51,700
44,229
30,372
27,471
26,126
24,448
24,060
21,000
20,260
1,385
5
0
42,544,672
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 38 are assigned to the
"multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 recovery. The surgical and medical instruments
 industry (SIC code 3841) ranked second for on-site
 recycling with 679,000 pounds. Only one industry
 in this sector, besides photographic equipment,
 reported on-site energy recovery. This was the
 environmental controls industry (SIC code 3822)
 with 255,000 pounds.

 Figure 15-3 illustrates the percentage distribution of
 on-site waste management types reported by the
 instruments and photographic equipment sector in
 1996. Figure 15-4 illustrates the distribution of on-
 site waste management reporting for the top
 industries in this sector.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 Two-thirds (67.8%) of the instruments and
 photographic equipment sector's 1996 reporting of
 transfers off-site for further waste management
 consisted of transfers to recycling, which totaled
 12.2 million pounds. The sector reported 2.4
 million pounds of transfers to energy recovery
(13.1% of total transfers off-site for further waste
management), 2.5 million pounds of transfers to
treatment (13.7%), and 931,000 pounds of transfers
to POTWs (5.2%). Table 15-5 presents these data
and Figure 15-5 illustrates the percentage
distribution.
           Recycled
            On-site
             9.3%
Energy Recovery
    On-site
    2.2%
   Treated
   On-site
   88.5%
   Figure 15-3.  Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste
   Management, 1996: Instruments and Photographic
              Equipment (SIC Code 38)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
                                                                                                  557
-------
          Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
              40,000,000



              35,000.000



              30,000,000



              25,000.000



              20.000,000 •



              15,000,000 •



              10,000,000 •
              5,000.000 -
                      3861
                            3841
                                  3842
                                        Mult.
                                              3822
                                                    3851
                                                          3812
                                                                3824
                                                                      3827
                                                                            3825
     Figure 15-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                    Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38)
Note: Other On-sitc Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC Code 38 are assigned to the
"multiple" category.
 The environmental controls industry (SIC code
 3822) ranked first among instruments and
 photographic equipment industries for transfers to
 recycling, with 4.0 million pounds. This included
 2.8 million pounds of copper. Two environmental
 controls facilities, owned by the same parent
 company, reported transferring a total of 1.3
 million pounds of copper to recycling. The
 photographic equipment industry (SIC code 3861)
 fanke<| second for transfers to recycling, with 3.6
 million pounds, including 2.2 million pounds of
 dichloromethane. Three unrelated facilities in this
 industry reported almost all of this industry's
 transfers of dichloromethane to recycling.

 The photographic equipment industry (SIC code
 3861) reported transfers of 2.0 million pounds to
 energy recovery and 1.1 million pounds to
 treatment. These were the sector's largest amounts
 in the two transfer types. No other industry in this
 sector reported as much as 125,000 pounds in either
category. The photographic equipment industry
also reported the sector's largest transfers to
POTWs, with 381,000 pounds, followed by
surgical and medical instruments (SIC code 3841),
with 209,000 pounds.

Figure 15-6 illustrates the distribution of off-site
transfers for further waste management for the top
industries in this sector.

1996 TRI  Data by State for

Instruments and

Photographic Equipment

As shown in Table 15-6, the instruments and
photographic equipment sector submitted 112
forms in New York in 1996, more than twice as
many  as in any other state. Massachusetts ranked
second with 49 forms. There were 43 forms in both
558
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                              Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Table 15-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996:  Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC
Code 38 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3861
3822
3841
3842

3823
3851
3824
3844
3843
3821
3845
3827
3829
3825
3812
3826
3873

Industry
Photographic Equipment & Supplies
Environmental Controls
Surgical & Medical Instruments
Surgical Appliances & Supplies
Multiple within SIC Code 38
Process Control Instruments
Ophthalmic Goods
Fluid Meters & Counting Devices
X-ray Apparatus & Tubes
Dental Equipment & Supplies
Laboratory Apparatus & Furniture
Electromedical Equipment
Optical Instruments & Lenses
Measuring & Controlling Devices, nee*
Instruments to Measure Electricity
Search & Navigation Equipment
Analytical Instruments
Watches, Clocks, Watchcases & Parts
Total for SIC Code 38
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
3,550,526
3,964,314
1,427,241
926,136
583,595
550,370
319,856
359,551
176,956
101,451
44,938
91,782
12,496
72,226
31,475
32,755
0
250
12,245,918
Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
2,009,344
4,506
71,149
0
26,108
4,101
110,767
0
0
4,650
67,349
1,920
20,683
8,804
14,760
0
22,200
0
2,366,341
Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
2,067,207
47,551
84,899
34,460
71,564
0
66,540
7,924
3,369
0
1,545
720
59,750
58
254
29,120
0
5,400
2,480,361
Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
380,719
1,069
208,998
189,756
40,860
15
21,837
359
20
25,000
14,080
0
250
11
27,672
250
20,000
0
930,896
Total Off-site
Transfers
Other for Further
Off-site Waste
Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds
0
0
44,588
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
44,588
8,007,796
. 4,017,440
1,836,875
1,150,352
722,127
554,486
519,000
367,834
180,345
131,101
127,912
94,422
93,179
81,099
74,161
62,125
42,200
5,650
18,068,104
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 38 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                  To POTWs
                     5.2%
        To Energy
         Recovery
          13.3%
    To Treatment
       13.7%
Other Off-site
  Transfers
    0.2%
                                          To Recycling
                                             67.8%
    Figure 15-5. Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for
     Further Waste Management, 1996:  Instruments and
           Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38)
 Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6
 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers
 are transfers reported without a valid waste management code.
California and Illinois. These amounts represented
15.8% of the sector's forms in New York, 6.9% in
Massachusetts, and 6.1% each in California and
Illinois.

New York ranked first in this sector for on-site
releases (7.68 million pounds), total on- and off-site
releases (7.70 million pounds), other on-site waste
management (27.4 million pounds), and total
production-related waste (36.2 million pounds).
Half or more of the sector's totals in these
categories was reported in New York, including
64.4% of the total other on-site waste management.
The photographic equipment facility (in SIC code
3861) that reported the majority of that industry's
releases and on-site waste management, as
discussed earlier in this chapter, is located in New
York.
                                                                                                           559
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            Chapter 15— TRIData for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
                                                          • Other Off-site Transfers
                                                          H To POTWs
                                                          D To Treatment
                                                          C3 To Energy Recovery
                                                            To Recycling
                     3861
                           3822
                                  3841
                                        3842
                                               Mult.
                                                     3823
                                                            3851
                                                                  3824
                                                                        3844
                                                                               3843
         Figure 15-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with
            Largest Totals, 1996:  Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38)
 Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
 transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 38 are assigned to the "multiple" category
 Pennsylvania ranked second for on-site releases and
 total on- and off-site releases, followed by
 Colorado in both categories. The sector reported
 826,000 pounds of total releases in Pennsylvania,
 5.4% of the sector's total, and 743,000 pounds in
 Colorado, 4.8% of the total. The large majority of
 the releases in Pennsylvania and all of the releases
 in Colorado were reported as on-site releases.

 For other on-site waste management and for total
 production-related waste, Massachusetts and
 Pennsylvania ranked second and third, after New
 York. The sector reported 4.2 million pounds of
 other on-site waste management in Massachusetts,
 which was 9.9% of the sector's total. In
 Pennsylvania, the sector reported 1.6 million
 pounds, 3.8% of the total.
 The two categories not led by New York were off-
 site releases and transfers off-site for further waste
 management. The instruments and photographic
 equipment sector reported 217,000 pounds of off-
 site releases in Ohio and 214,000 pounds in
 Louisiana. These amounts were approximately 25%
 each of the sector's total off-site releases. South
 Carolina ranked third with 122,000 pounds
 (14.4%). Massachusetts ranked first for transfers
 off-site for further waste management in this sector,
 reporting 3.4 million pounds (19.0%). Ohio ranked
 second with 1.4 million pounds (7.9%), and
 Pennsylvania ranked third with 1.3 million pounds
 (7.3%).

Map 15-1 illustrates the geographic distribution of
total on- and off-site releases in the instruments and
photographic equipment sector.
560
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                                 Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Table 15-6. Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38
Total
State Facilities
Number
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Washington
Wisconsin
Total for SIC Code 38
1
1
6
29
8
8
2
10
9
20
8
1
2
1
1
3
22
4
12
1
9
4
3
14
1
22
10
14
4
1
12
8
3
4
1
4
10
3
4
1
10
291
Total
Forms Form As
Number Number
5
2
16
43
29
16
4
22
15
43
30
1
4
1
3
6
49
10
28
2
18
18
8
33
1
112
30
23
12
1
22
14
5
11
2
9
18
8
7
4
22
707
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
1
1
8
3
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
5
4
2
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
46
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
540
7,200
250,293
211,992
742,567
324,614
526
387,102
78,330
49,416
681,075
0
265,957
0
982
185,616
486,210
1,025
416,786
18,095
88,245
342,614
23,006
139,888
20,387
7,675,288
342,197
69,071
65,052
250
825,346
115,805
1,158
264,437
265
39,393
195,582
117,122
36,352
50
31,669
14,501,503
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
1,005
0
5,951
60,562
0
1,035
0
4,500
65,848
3,766
927
0
0
0
213,600
48,263
25,700
3,200
1,000
0
500
10,214
0
20,558
0
26,636
0
217,363
0
0
1,100
5
0
122,155
500
0
2,005
0
0
0
12,175
848,568
Total Total Other Total Transfers
On- and On-site Off-site for
Off-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
1,545
7,200
256,244
272,554
742,567
325,649
526
391,602
144,178
53,182
682,002
0
265,957
0
214,582
233,879
511,910
4,225
417,786
18,095
88,745
352,828
23,006
160,446
20,387
7,701,924
342,197
286,434
65,052
250
826,446
115,810
1,158
386,592
765
39,393
197,587
117,122
36,352
50
43,844
15,350,071
0
238,300
15,026
42,798
1,575,900
82,060
0
345,550
313,100
372,011
1,359,932
0
0
0
0
16,059
4,206,863
124,800
63,867
0
26,200
356,270
205,341
351,751
23,872
27,399,425
198,836
316,768
1,332,883
0
1,618,849
481,417
0
403,568
0
292,488
514,091
205,327
52,300
9,020
0
42,544,672
0
120,600
452,440
790,251
790,730
351,268
17,000
231,998
245,449
752,997
430,013
10,200
148,060
186,236
51,000
62,478
3,431,062
36,011
747,620
0
935,246
158,066
156,112
570,192
3,485
1,006,908
446,392
1,426,915
1,204,012
31,470
1,323,057
423,640
38,212
92,749
2,505
303,478
275,755
115,958
92,660
22,548
583,331
18,068,104
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
359
361,500
720,558
1,109,179
3,014,185
757,442
17,526
971,467
652,936
1,163,663
2,567,928
10,200
405,762
186,236
265,000
298,418
8,176,996
163,540
1,229,398
26,290
1,123,796
1,113,161
384,459
1,075,513
47,744
36,186,024
1,138,102
2,036,278
2,741,216
32,260
3,639,163
1,013,497
38,898
884,413
2,440
636,062
980,058
438,415
188,952
53,675
624,803
76,477,512
0
0
0
0
1
350
0
1
52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
0
10,030
650
393
0
0
130,000
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
141,559
 Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
 to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
 Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
                                                                                                                       561
-------
          Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
 o
 m
 I

 I
I
£
T*


I
562
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                        Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
1996 TRI Data by
Chemical for Instruments
and  Photographic
Equipment

The 15 chemicals with the largest on- and off-site
releases reported by the instruments and
photographic equipment sector in 1996 appear in
Table 15-7. Releases of these chemicals totaled
13.3 million pounds, or 86.6% of the sector's total
releases in 1996. Reported air emissions of 11.7
million pounds of the top 15 chemicals amounted to
88.9% of the sector's total air emissions. The sector
also reported discharging 1.1 million pounds of
these chemicals to surface waters, 84.6% of the
total in that category. The top 15 chemicals
represented half (52.6%) of the sector's off-site
releases, with 447,000 pounds.
The top three chemicals, shown on Table 15-7,
were dichloromethane with 3.5 million pounds of
releases, methanol with 2.4 million pounds, and
hydrochloric acid with 2.0 million pounds. More
than 98% of these reported releases were air
emissions. As noted earlier, one facility in the
photographic equipment industry (SIC code 3861)
accounted for the majority of these releases; This
facility reported air emissions of 2.4 million pounds
of dichloromethane (69.4% of the sector's air
emissions of dichloromethane), 1.4 million pounds
of methanol (59.9%), and 2.0 million pounds of
hydrochloric acid (100.0%).

The fourth-ranked chemical, nitrate compounds,
accounted for a large majority (77.6%)of the
sector's surface water discharges. Two facilities in
the photographic equipment industry (SIC code
3861) reported most of the sector's surface water
discharges of nitrate compounds; they are owned
Table 15-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Instruments and Photographic
Equipment, SIC Code 38 (in Rank Order)
CAS
Number
75-09-2
67-56-1
7647-01-0
1717-00-6

108-88-3
78-93-3
79-01-6
2837-89-0
7664-41-7
71-55-6
7440-39-3
76-13-1
110-82-7


Chemical
Dichloromethane
Methanol
Hydrochloric acid
Nitrate compounds
1,1-Dichloro-l-fluoro-
ethane (HCFC-141b)
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Trichloroethylene
2-Chloro-l,l,l,2-tetra-
fluoroethane (HCFC-124)
Ammonia
Zinc compounds
1,1, 1-Trichloroethane
Barium
FreonllS
Cyclohexane
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 38
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
3,488,667
2,336,220
2,000,000 '
84
742,616

646,920
584,814
525,388
513,173
270,663
2,091
216,041
5
209,543
204,193
11,740,418
13,201,411
On-site Land Releases
Surface Underground Injection RCRA Other
Water Class I Class II-V Subtitle C On-site Land
Discharges Wells Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
4,600
34,716
0
1,007,000
0

260
690
0
0
21,340
29,592
0
0
0
0
1,098,198
1,297,561
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0

0
0
0
0
0
284
0
0
0
0
288
2,531
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
3,493,267
2,370,936
2,000,000
1,007,088
742,616

647,180
585,504
525,388
513,173
292,003
31,967
216,041
5
209,543
204,193
12,838,904
14,501,503
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
1,002
104
0
0
0

2
1
0
0
0
233,764
• o
211,842
0
2
446,717
848,568
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
3,494,269
2,371,040
2,000,000
1,007,088
742,616

647,182
585,505
525,388
513,173
292,003
265,731
216,041
211,847
209,543
204,195
13,285,621
15,350,071
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.
                                                                                         563
-------
           Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
  by the same parent company. One facility reported
  releasing 590,000 pounds of nitrate compounds to
  surface waters. The second facility (which also
  reported the air emissions cited above) reported
  350,000 pounds. Together, they accounted for
  93.3% of the surface water discharges of nitrate
  compounds reported by the instruments and
  photographic equipment sector in 1996.

  The sector reported off-site releases (transfers to
  disposal) in the largest amounts for zinc
  compounds (234,000 pounds) and barium (212,000
  pounds). Together, they accounted for 52.5% of the
  sector's total off-site releases. These chemicals
  ranked 11th and 13th, respectively, for total on- and
 off-site releases reported by the instruments and
 photographic equipment sector. As explained
 above, one facility reported 160,000 pounds of zinc
 compounds (71.4% of the total for this chemical),
 and one facility reported 212,000 pounds of barium
 (100.0% of the total for this chemical).

 OSHA Carcinogens

 On- and off-site releases in this sector of chemicals
 designated OSHA carcinogens totaled 4.5 million
 pounds in 1996, as shown in Table 15-8. (OSHA
 carcinogens and the bases for their designation
 appear in Box  1-9 in Chapter 1.) Releases of OHSA
 carcinogens represented 29.1% of the sector's total
 releases. The majority (4.3 million pounds, or
 96.3%) was released to air.

 Two of the top 15 chemicals for total releases by
 the instruments and photographic equipment sector
 were carcinogens. These included the top-ranked
 chemical, dichloromethane, with 3.5 million
 pounds of releases, and the eighth-ranked chemical,
 trichloroethylene, with 525,000 pounds (see Table
 15-7). The sector also reported releases of more
 than 50,000 pounds each for three other OSHA
 carcinogens: ethylene oxide (143,000 pounds),
 styrene (102,000 pounds), and acetaldehyde
 (51,000 pounds).
 The photographic equipment industry (SIC code
 3861) ranked first in the instruments and
 photographic equipment sector for releases of
 OSHA carcinogens, with a total of 3.3 million
 pounds, 72.9% of the sector's total. This industry
 reported 3.1 million pounds (72.4%) of the sector's
 air emissions of OSHA carcinogens; 50,000 pounds
 of surface water discharges (100.0%); and 91,000
 pounds of off-site releases (transfers to disposal,
 79.0%). The photographic equipment industry
 reported air emissions of dichloromethane totaling
 3.0 million pounds, including 2.4 million pounds
 reported by one facility, mentioned earlier. The
 surgical and medical instruments industry (SIC
 code 3841) reported the second-largest total
 releases of OSHA carcinogens  in this sector, with
 388,000 pounds (8.7%), followed by the
 environmental controls industry (SIC code 3822)
 with 288,000 pounds (6.5%).

 Figure 15-7 shows the on- and off-site releases of
 the four-digit SIC codes with the largest  OSHA
 carcinogen releases.


 1996 TRI Chemicals in

 Waste for  Instruments

 and Photographic

 Equipment

 The instruments and photographic equipment
 industry reported production-related waste totaling
 76.5 million pounds in 1996, as shown in Table
 15-9. Nearly half (49.2%) of this total consisted of
 on-site treatment, which was 37.6 million pounds.
 The sector's second-largest waste management
 option in 1996 was releases; quantities released on-
 and off-site site totaled 15.4 million pounds, or
 20.2% of total production-related waste. The sector
 reported 12.7 million pounds of off^site recycling;
 this was 16.6% of total production-related waste
 and ranked third among waste management
methods in the instruments and photographic
equipment sector's reporting.
564
-------
                               Chapter 15— TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Table 15-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Instruments and
Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38 (in Rank Order)

SIC
Code

3861
3841
3822
3851
3842

3823
3827
3873
3843
3845
3821
3824
3829
3812
3844
3825




Industry

Photographic Equipment & Supplies
Surgical & Medical Instruments
Environmental Controls
Ophthalmic Goods
Surgical Appliances & Supplies
Multiple within SIC Code 38
Process Control Instruments
Optical Instruments & Lenses
Watches, Clocks, Watchcases & Parts
Dental Equipment & Supplies
Electromedical Equipment
Laboratory Apparatus & Furniture
Fluid Meters & Counting Devices
Measuring & Controlling Devices, nee*
Search & Navigation Equipment
X-ray Apparatus & Tubes
Instruments to Measure Electricity
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 38

Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
3,116,511
382,814
282,071
163,578
89,467
78,976
62,681
29,184
26,000
16,013
8,747
11,015
10,313
10,103
9,155
6,018
257
4,302,903
13,201,411
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
50,405
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50,410
1,297,561
Underground Injection
Class I
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Class II-V
Wells
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
Pounds
86
5
260
0
0
0
36
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
387
2,531
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
3,167,002
382,819
282,331
163,578
89,467
78,981
62,717
29,184
26,000
16,013
8,747
11,015
10,313
10,103
9,155
6,018
257
4,353,700
14,501,503
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
90,592
5,061
5,959
0
5,228
510
0
0
0
0
7,100
5
250
0
0
5
0
114,710
848,568
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
3,257,594
387,880
288,290
163,578
94,695
79,491
62,717
29,184
26,000
16,013
15,847
11,020
10,563
10,103
9,155
6,023
257
4,468,410
15,350,071
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SIC codes within SIC code 38 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                       3,500,000
                       3,000,000 -
                       2,500,000 -
                       2,000,000 -
                       1,500,000-
                       1,000,000-
                         500,000 -
D Transfers Off-site to Disposal
GS Other On-site Land Releases
a RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
Q UU, Class II-V Wells
B UU, Class I Wells
• Surface Water
13 Air
                                   3861
                                                3841
                                                             3822
                                                                         3851
                                                                                      3842
    Figure 15-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with Largest
                  Totals, 1996:  Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. ULJ = underground injection.
                                                                                                               565
-------
           Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Table 15-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment,
SIC Code 38 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3861
3841
3822
3842

3851
3823
3827
3324
3329
3825
3812
3844
3321
3343
3845
3873
3826

Industry
Photographic Equipment & Supplies
Surgical & Medici! Instruments
Environmental Controls
Sargical Appliances & Supplies
Multiple within SIC Code 38
Ophthalmic Goods
Process Control Instruments
Optical Instruments & Lenses
Fluid Meters & Counting Devices
Measuring & Controlling Devices, nee*
Imtnimenti to Measure Electricity
Search &. Navigation Equipment
X-ray Apparatus & Tubes
Laboratory Apparatus & Furniture
Dental Equipment & Supplies
Efcctrc medical Equipment
Watcbet, Clocks, Watchcases & Parts
Analytical Instruments
Total for SIC Code 38
Recycled
On-slte
Pounds
2,645,308
678,671
44,905
242,106
13,560
220,186
0
30,372
0
24,448
0
47,900
2,179
0
0
0
11,100
0
3,960,735
Energy
Recovery
On-slte
Pounds
683,500
0
255,185
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
938,685
Treated
On-slte
Pounds
33,351,145
2,939,465
5,265
897,502
291,948
4,870
24,060
0
44,229
0
27,471
3,800
18,081
5
1,385
21,000
15,026
0
37,645,252
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
3,724,835
1,466,859
4,020,145
926,062
584,495
319,659
550,370
12,496
359,541
70,141
156,918
37,552
180,143
45,178
122,054
91,970
0
0
12,668,418
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
2,024,805
96,546
4,486
0
26,108
111,992
4,101
28,653
0
8,800
14,760
3,493
0
75,328
4,736
1,920
0
22,200
2,427,928
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
2,455,428
297,783
45,800
202,208
134,121
89,371
0
60,000
8,043
32
27,726
25,037
12,107
15,621
0
0
5,800
20,400
3,399,477
Quantity
Released
On- and
Off-site
Pounds
10,521,370
1,802,683
522,191
480,186
553,823
444,099
72,729
480,036
42,213
148,066
20,319
123,791
26,692
101,198
32,375
27,522
26,474
11,250
15,437,017
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
55,406,391
7,282,007
4,897,977
2,748,064
1,604,055
1,190,177
651,260
611,557
454,026
251,487
247,194
241,573
239,202
237,330
160,550
142,412
58,400
53,850
76,477,512
140,696
52
0
410
350
1
0
0
0
0
0
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
141,559
Note: Dat* from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 38 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
•ncci not elsewhere classified.
 Figure 15-8 illustrates the distribution of
 production-related waste by waste management
 category for the instruments and photographic
 equipment sector.

 The photographic equipment industry (SIC code
 3861) reported two-thirds or more of the sector's
 total for each waste management type except off-
 site recycling. For on-site waste management, this
 industry reported 2.6 million pounds of recycling,
 684,000 pounds of energy recovery, and 33.4
 million pounds of treatment. These were 66.8%,
 72.8%, and 88.6% of the sector's totals in these on-
 site waste management categories. In off-site waste
 management types, this industry reported 3.7
 million pounds (29.4%) of recycling, 2.0 million
 pounds (83.4%) of energy recovery, and 2.5 million
 pounds (72.2%) of treatment. The photographic
 equipment industry also reported 10.5 million
 pounds as released on- and off-site, which was
 68.2% of that category.

 The environmental controls industry (SIC code
 3822) reported the sector's largest amount of off-
 site recycling (4.0 million pounds, or 31.7%). As
   Quantity Released
       20.2%
  Off-site Waste1
  Management
    24.2%
On-site Waste
Management
   55.6%
 Figure 15-8. Distribution of TRI Production-related Waste,
     1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment
                   (SIC Code 38)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.

noted, the environmental controls industry was also
the only other industry in this sector to report on-
site energy recovery (255,000 pounds, or 27.2%),
besides the photographic equipment industry (SIC
code 3861).

The surgical and medical instruments industry (SIC
code 3841) ranked second in this sector for
reporting of on-site recycling (679,000 pounds, or
17.1%), on-site treatment (2.9 million pounds, or
 566
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                          Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
7.8%), off-site treatment (298,000 pounds, or 8.8%)
and quantities released (1.8 million pounds, or
11.7%). The ophthalmic goods industry (SIC code
3851) ranked second for off-site energy recovery
(112,000 pounds, or 4.6%).

Distribution of production-related waste for the top
industries in the sector appears in Figure 15-9.

Projected Quantities of TRI
Chemicals in Waste

The instruments and photographic equipment
sector's projections of waste management data
through 1998 appear in Table 15-10. (As explained
in Chapter 1, facilities not only report current data
but project waste management quantities for the
next two years in their TRI submissions.) Total
production-related waste was projected to decrease
1.2% from 76.5 million pounds in 1996 to 75.5
million pounds in 1998.

The sector projected its largest reduction (in pounds
and percent) in quantities released on- and off-site,
from 15.4 million pounds to 13.4 million pounds, a
projected 13.5% reduction. Decreases were also
projected in on-site recycling, from 4.0 million
pounds to 3.7 million pounds (a 6.4% reduction),
and in off-site recycling, from 12.7 million pounds
to 12.0 million pounds (a 5.5% reduction). A small
reduction was expected in off-site treatment, from
3.40 million pounds to 3.36 million pounds (a 1.1%
reduction).

On-site treatment was expected to increase 5.4%,
from 37.6 million pounds to 39.7 million pounds.
The sector projected a smaller absolute increase in
on-site energy recovery (from 939,000 pounds to
       100%
                                                                   H Quantity Released
                                                                   • Treated Off-site
                                                                   H Energy Recovery Off-site
                                                                   D Recycled Off-site
                                                                   H Treated On-site
                                                                   m Energy Recovery On-site
                                                                   B Recycled On-site	
        20%
         0%
             3861
                  3841
                        3822   3842   Mult.   3851   3823   3827  3824   3829
     Figure 15-9.  Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                      Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38)
 Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 38 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
                                                                                               567
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           Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
 Table 15-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998: Instruments and Photographic
 Equipment, SIC Code 38
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-she Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 38
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Manacement
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 38
Current Year 1996
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
3,960,735 5.2
938,685 1.2
37,645,252 49.2
12,668,418 16.6
2,427,928 3.2
3,399,477 4.4
15,437,017 20.2
76,477,512 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1997
Percent
-4.0
10.8
2.8
-2.9
0.2
-3.4
-11.1
-1.5
Projected 1997
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
3,803,206 5.1
1,040,000 1.4
38,710,727 51.4
12,297,895 16.3
2,432,048 3.2
3,284,967 4.4
13,729,106 18.2
75,297,949 100.0
Projected Change
1997-1998
Percent
-2.5
0.0
2.5
-2.6
0.1
2.3
-2.7
0.3
Projected 1998
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
3,706,975 4.9
1,040,000 1.4
39,663,495 52.5
11,972,663 15.9
2,435,010 3.2
3,361,429 4.5
13,352,238 17.7
75,531,810 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1998
Percent
-6.4
10.8
5.4
-5.5
0.3
-1.1
-13.5
-1.2
Note: Current year and projected year amounts arc all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
 1.0 million pounds), although this represented a
 10.8% increase. Minimal change was projected in
 off-site energy recovery.

 Figure 15-10 illustrates the projected percentage
 changes for the instruments and photographic
 equipment sector from 1996 to 1998.
These projected changes represent some potential
improvement in the sector's management of TRI
chemicals in waste. Although total production-
related waste was expected to decrease only
modestly from 1996 to 1998, the projections
indicate a shift from releases to treatment among
methods of managing waste. Treatment (on- and
568
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                       Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
                 On-site Waste
                 Management
Off-site Waste
 Management
 Quantity Released
On-site and Off-site
Total Production-
  related Waste
  Figure 15-10. Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:
                   Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38)
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R. for 1996.
off-site) was projected to rise as a percentage of
total production-related waste (from approximately
54% to 57%), while releases were expected to
decline (from 20% to nearly 18%). Although not
the most preferred option in the waste management
hierarchy (explained in Chapter 1), treatment is
more desirable than releases.

Source Reduction Activity

As shown in Table 15-11, more than one-fourth
(27.9%) of the forms submitted by the instruments
and photographic equipment sector indicated one or
more source activities underway in 1996. Of the
197 forms indicating such activity, the
photographic equipment industry (SIC code 3861)
submitted 69 (also one-fourth, or 27.5%, of the
forms in that industry). The surgical and medical
instruments industry (SIC code 3841) submitted 31
forms indicating source reduction activity (25.6%).
             Improvements in operating practices were the most
             frequently reported source reduction activity (99
             forms). Sixty forms reported process modifications,
             which more often indicate innovative actions to
             reduce TRI chemicals in waste at their source.

             Year-to-Year
             Comparisons for
             Instruments and
             Photographic Equipment

             1995-1996 TRI Data for Instruments
             and Photographic Equipment
             From 1995 to 1996, the number of forms submitted
             in the instruments and photographic equipment
             sector decreased 9.7% from 783 forms to 707
                                                                                    569
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JH^UI
           Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment

                      i
Table 15*11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment,
SIC Code 38
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activities
SIC
Code
3812
3821
3822
3S23
3824
3325
3825
3827
3829
3841
3842
3843
3844
3345
3851
3S61
3873


Total
Industry Forms
Number Number
Scorch & Navigation Equipment
Laboratory Apparatus & Furniture
Environmental Controls
Process Centra! Instruments
Ffaid Meters & Counting Devices
Iiittrumcntt to Measure Electricity
Analyocal Instruments
Optical Instruments & Lenses
Measuring & Controlling Devices, nee*
Surgical & Medical Instruments
Surgical Appliances & Supplies
Dental Equipment & Supplies
X-ray Apparatus & Tubes
Eketromedkal Equipment
Ophthalmic Goods
Photographic Equipment & Supplies
Watches, Clocks, Wttehcases & Parts
Multiple within SIC Code 38
Total for SIC Code 38
13
22
62
23
19
9
2
12
17
121
45
19
13
9
27
251
3
40
707
5
4
14
3
8
3
0
6
7
31
15
1
4
1
10
69
2
14
197
Percent of Op
All Forms P
Percent 1
38.5
18.2
22.6
13.0
42.1
33.3
0.0
50.0
41.2
25.6
33.3
5.3
30.8
11.1
37.0
27.5
66.7
35.0
27.9
Category of Source Reduction Activity
Raw Surface
Good Spill Material Process Cleaning Preparation Product
crating Inventory and Leak Modifi- Modifi- and and Modifi-
ractices Control Prevention cations cations Degreasing Finishing cations
dumber Number Number Number Number Number Number Number
1
1
9
2
8
2
0
4
0
8
11
1
1
1
4
42
1
3
99
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
,,< 1
1
0
0
15
0
1
26
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
4
0
0
0
0
7
1
0
17
2
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
3
15
1
1
37
0
0
8
1
1
1
0
1
4
13
5
1
0
0
3
14
0
8
60
3
0
6
1
0
0
0
3
3
9
0
0
2
0
3
9
0
3
42
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
3
1
0
10
0
3
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
1
18
Note: Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 38 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 forms, as shown in Table 15-12. There was no
 change in the number of Form A submissions. (The
 Form A certification statement is explained in
 Chapter 1.)

 On- and Off-site Releases

 On- and off-site releases reported by the
 instruments and photographic equipment sector
 decreased 14.0% from 17.9 million pounds in 1995
 to 15.4 million pounds in 1996, as shown in Table
 15-12. This reduction reflected a larger decrease in
 air emissions, from 16.2 million pounds in 1995 to
 13.2 million pounds in 1996. The sector reported
 reductions in both fugitive  and point-source
 emissions for a net reduction of 18.3% hi air
 emissions. Partly off-setting the decrease in
 reported air emissions, surface water discharges
 increased 47.4% from 880,000 pounds to 1.3
 million pounds. One facility reported 370,000
 pounds of this 417,000 pound increase in surface
 water discharges. This facility reported discharges
of 220,000 pounds of nitrate compounds in 1995
and 590,000 pounds in 1996.

The sector also reported a small reduction in on-site
land releases (from 6,000 pounds to 3,000 pounds)
and a small increase in off-site releases (transfers to
disposal, from 812,000 pounds to 849,000 pounds).

Figure 15-11 illustrates the sector's percentage
change in on- and off-site releases from 1995 to
1996.


Other On-site Waste Management

The instruments and photographic equipment sector
reported a reduction in other on-site waste
management from 43.5 million pounds in 1995 to
42.5 million pounds in 1996, as shown in Table
15-12. This reduction of 1.0 million pounds (or
2.3%) consisted primarily of a decrease in on-site
recycling, from 4.8 million pounds to 4.0 million
pounds (a 17.9% decrease). A smaller reduction, in
 570
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                                Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Table 15-12. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site
for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996: Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges •
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1995
Number
315
783
737
46
Pounds

16,161,028
3,702,047
12,458,981
880,407
0
5,766
17,047,201

811,573
17,858,774

4,823,958
906,685
37,802,093
43,532,736

14,557,030
2,331,285
3,698,259
895,282
0
21,481,856

1996
Number
291
707
661
46
Pounds

13,201,411
2,698,043
10,503,368
1,297,561
0
2,531
14,501,503

848,568
15,350,071

3,960,735
938,685
37,645,252
42,544,672

12,245,918
2,366,341
2,480,361
930,896
44,588
18,068,104
Change
1995 to 1996
Percent
-7.6
-9.7
-10.3
0.0
Percent

-18.3
-27.1
-15.7
47.4
-
-56.1
-14.9

4.6
-14.0

-17.9
3.5
-0.4
-2.3

-15.9
1.5
-32.9
4.0
—
-15.9
 Note: On-site Releases fiom Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste
 Management from Section 8 of Form R.  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of
 Form R. Breakdown of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
 waste management code.
                                                                                                                    571
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           Chapter 15— TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
         60
         20
         -20
        -40
        -60
        •80
                     Air
                                  Surface
                                   Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
 Transfers
  Off-site
to Disposal
           Figure 15-11.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:
                      Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995.
 both pounds and percent, occurred in reported on-
 site treatment, from 37.8 million pounds to 37.6
 million pounds (a 0.4% decrease). The sector
 reported a small increase in on-site energy
 recovery, from 907,000 pounds to 939,000 pounds
 (a 3.5% increase).

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

Table 15-12 also presents the instruments  and
photographic equipment sector's reporting of
transfers off-site for further waste management in
 1995 and 1996. The sector reported 21.5 million
pounds of such transfers in 1995 and 18.1  million
pounds in 1996, a reduction of 15.9% or 3.4 million
pounds.
    The principal areas of reduction were transfers to
    recycling, from 14.6 million pounds to 12.2 million
    pounds, and transfers to treatment, from 3.7 million
    pounds to 2.5 million pounds. The 2.3 million-
    pound reduction in transfers to recycling
    represented a 15.9% decrease, while the 1.2
    million-pound reduction in transfers to treatment
    represented a 32.9% decrease.

    The sector reported small increases in the other
    types of transfers off-site for further waste
    management. Transfers to energy recovery
    increased from 2.33 million pounds to 2.37 million
    pounds and transfers to POTWs increased from
    895,000 pounds to 931,000 pounds.
572
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                         Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Changes in SIC Codes
As indicated in facility descriptions below, some
facilities report different SIC codes over time. This
may reflect new or discontinued lines of
production, or it may represent a different
understanding of how SIC code designations relate
to a facility's business activities. These changes can
contribute—sometimes largely—to apparent
increases or decreases across comparison years in
the amounts reported by the four-digit, or even two-
digit, SIC codes.

1988-1996 TRI Data for Instruments
and Photographic Equipment

As explained in Chapter 1, comparisons from the
1988 TRI baseline year to the current year rely on
the list of "core" TRI chemicals that were
reportable, with the same reporting definition, in all
years. These multi-year comparisons also review
only the data elements that were collected in all
years, which excludes from this section any
analysis that distinguishes RCRA subtitle C
landfills from other land releases as well as analysis
based on the types of underground injection wells.
On-site waste management data and transfers off-
site to recycling and to energy recovery have been
collected only since 1991; these data are included,
but cannot be compared across the full 1988-1996
period.

As shown in Table 15-13, the number of forms
submitted by the instruments and photographic
equipment sector decreased by one-third (34.1%)
from 900 forms in 1988 to 593 forms in 1996.

The sector reported decreases in all types of on-
and off-site releases, for an overall reduction of
82.2% from 58.1 million pounds of total releases in
1988 to 10.4 million pounds in 1996. Most of this
reduction occurred in reporting of air emissions,
which decreased from 46.5 million pounds to 9.3
million pounds, an 80.0% decrease. About two-
thirds of the reduction in air emissions was reported
in point-source emissions and the remainder in
fugitive emissions.

Off-site releases reported by the instruments and
photographic equipment sector decreased by an
even greater percentage—92.7%—from 10.9
million pounds in 1988 to 794,000 pounds in 1996.
The sector also reported reductions from 1988 to
1996 in surface water discharges (from 390,000
pounds to 264,000 pounds), underground injection
(250 pounds to zero), and on-site land releases
(from 340,000 pounds to 3,000 pounds).

Figure 15-12 illustrates the sector's percentage
reductions in on- and off-site releases from 1988 to
1996.

On-site waste management and transfers off-site for
recycling or energy recovery were not collected in
1988. For the 1994-1996 period, the instruments
and photographic equipment sector reported an
increase in other  on-site waste management from
34.3 million pounds to 39.7 million pounds, a 5.4
million-pound increase. On-site treatment increased
from 30.1 million pounds to 35.6 million pounds,  a
5.5 million-pound increase. One facility in the
photographic equipment industry (SIC code 3861)
reported treating  11.0 million pounds of methanol
on-site in 1994 and 14.0 million pounds in both
1995 and 1996, accounting for 3.0 million pounds
of this increase.

The sector reported 3.5 million pounds of on-site
recycling in 1994 and 3.4 million pounds in 1996, a
129,000 pound reduction. Reporting of on-site
energy recovery showed essentially no net change
for 1994 to 1996.

The instruments and photographic equipment sector
reported decreases for the two transfer types that
were reportable for the full 1988-1996 comparison
period. The sector reported 6.8 million pounds of
transfers to treatment in 1988 and 2.0 million
pounds in 1996, a 70.4% reduction. For transfers to
POTWs, the sector reported 2.3 million pounds in
                                                                                            573
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              Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
 Table 15-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site
 for Further Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38



Total Facilities
Total Forms
ForrnRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1988
Number
366
900
900
NA
Pounds

46,478,774
15,991,517
30,487,257
390,382
250
340,403
47,209,809

10,875,015
58,084,824

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
6,825,419
2,267,406
196,621
NA

1994
Number
299
696
696
NA
Pounds

13,192,730
4,203,661
8,989,069
319,552
0
7,074
13,519,356

808,871
14,328,227

3,545,406
683,300
30,110,570
34,339,276

14,502,234
3,084,265
4,181,694
695,744
0
22,463,937

1995
Number
280
658
622
36
Pounds

11,917,203
3,330,729
8,586,474
249,173
0
5,766
12,172,142

783,071
12,955,213

4,394,514
610,500
34,798,073
39,803,087

14,108,639
2,278,045
3,055,465
558,049
0
20,000,198

1996
Number
258
593
558
35
Pounds

9,298,517
2,285,024
7,013,493
264,207
0
2,527
9,565,251

793,368
10,358,619

3,416,096
683,500
35,644,985
39,744,581

11,869,784
2,294,303
2,022,588
498,696
44,588
16,729,959
Change
1988 to 1996
Percent
-29.5
-34.1
-38.0
NA
Percent

-80.0
-85.7
-77.0
-32.3
-100.0
-99.3
-79.7

-92.7
-82.2

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
-70.4
-78.0
-77.3
NA
Note: Docs not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
Oil-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste Management
from Section 8 of Form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown
of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996. For 1994-1996, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code. For 1988, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code or codes not required to be reported in
1983, NA: not required to be reported in that year.
 574
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                           Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
    -120
                                  Surface
                                   Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
                                                                                    Transfers
                                                                                     Off-site
                                                                                   to Disposal
Figure 15-12. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996: Instruments and
                             Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-site Releases from Section S of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996.
 1988 and 499,000 pounds in 1996, a 78.0%
 reduction.
 1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in
 Instruments and Photographic Equipment

 Tables 15-14 through 15-16 summarize data for
 1988 and 1994-1996 for industries at the four-digit
 SIC code level within SIC code 38. The tables
 present, respectively, on- and off-site releases,
 other on-site waste management, and transfers off-
 site for further waste management.

 On- and Off-site Releases

 The photographic equipment industry (SIC code
 3861) reported the instruments and photographic
    equipment sector's largest decrease in on- and off-
    site releases from 1988 to 1996. This industry
    reported 38.2 million pounds of total releases in
    1988 and 7.5 million pounds in 1996. Roughly two-
    thirds of the photographic equipment industry's
    reduction was reported in air emissions and one-
    third in off-site releases (transfers to disposal). The
    surgical and medical instruments industry (SIC
    code 3841) ranked second for decreases, reporting
    5.6 million pounds in 1988 and 769,000 pounds in
    1996. Ranking third, the environmental controls
    industry (SIC code 3822) reported a reduction from
    1.9 million pounds to 492,000 pounds.- The
    majority of the reductions by the surgical and
    medical instruments industry and the environmental
    controls industry occurred in reporting of air
    emissions.
                                                                                                 575
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          Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
 The optical instruments and lenses industry (SIC
 code 3827) ranked first for increased releases
 reported by the instruments and photographic
 equipment sector, with 213,000 pounds in 1988 and
 481,000 pounds in 1996. The increase was
 attributable to increased reporting of off-site
 releases (transfers to disposal) since 1994. The x-
 ray apparatus and tubes industry (SIC code 3844)
 ranked second for increases. This industry
 submitted no reports in 1988, but reported 39,000
 pounds of releases in 1996 (reported releases were
 higher in 1995 than in either 1994 or 1996). No
 other instruments and photographic equipment
 industry recorded an increase in total releases from
 1988 to 1996,

 Table 15-14 provides release data for all four-digit
 SIC codes in the instruments and photographic
 equipment sector, for 1988-1996.

 Other On-site Waste Management

 The surgical appliances and supplies industry (SIC
 code 3842) ranked first in the sector for reductions
 in other on-site waste management from 1994 to
 1996 (on-site waste management data were not
 collected in 1988). This industry reported 1.5
 million pounds in 1994 and 906,000 pounds in
 1996, and the reduction occurred in reporting of on-
 site treatment. The miscellaneous measuring and
 controlling devices industry (SIC code 3829)
 reported the sector's second-largest decrease, from
 459,000 pounds to 24,000 pounds. This decrease
 was attributable to a reduction in reporting of on-
 site recycling. Ranking third, the search and
 navigation equipment industry (SIC code 3812)
 reported a reduction from 398,000 pounds to
 52,000 pounds. Most of this reduction also
 occurred in reporting of on-site recycling.

 The photographic equipment industry (SIC code
 3861) reported the largest increase, from 29.2
 million pounds in 1994 to 34.9 million pounds in
 1996. The surgical and medical instruments
 industry (SIC code 3841) ranked second for
increases, reporting 2.1 million pounds in 1994 and
 3.3 million pounds in 1996. These were also the
 industries with the largest decreases in releases for
 1988 to 1996, as described above. In both the
 photographic equipment industry and the surgical
 and medical instruments industry, the increase in
 other on-site waste management occurred from
 1994 to 1995, and both industries reported little
 change from 1995 to 1996. Most of the increase in
 both industries was reported in on-site treatment, as
 well as on-site recycling.

 The multiple-codes forms in SIC code 38 reported
 the sector's third-largest increase, from 220,000
 pounds to 306,000 pounds. This increase was
 attributable to on-site treatment.

 On-site waste management data for 1994-1996
 appear in Table 15-15.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 The photographic equipment industry (SIC code
 3861) reported the sector's largest decrease in
 transfers off-site for further waste management
 from  1994 to 1996 (data for some types of off-site
 transfers were not collected in 1988). This industry
 also had the largest decrease in releases, but
 reported the largest increase in other on-site waste
 management, as discussed above. The photographic
 equipment industry reported 11.2 million pounds of
 transfers  off-site for further waste management in
 1994 and 7.3 million pounds in 1996, with
 decreases in all types, especially transfers to
 recycling and to treatment.

 The environmental controls industry (SIC code
 3822) ranked second for decreases, reporting 4.7
 million pounds in 1994 and approximately 4.0
 million pounds in both 1995 and 1996. The fluid
 meters and counting devices industry (SIC code
 3824) ranked third, with 702,000 pounds in 1994
 and 360,000 pounds in 1996 (the 1995 level was
higher, at 728,000 pounds). For both industries, the
largest reduction occurred in reporting of transfers
to recycling.
576
-------
                                 Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Table 15-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Instruments and Photographic
Equipment, SIC Code 38
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3812



3821



3822



3823



3824



3825



3826



3827



3829



3841



3842



3843



Industry
Search & Navigation Equipment



Laboratory Apparatus & Furniture



Environmental Controls



Process Control Instruments



Fluid Meters & Counting Devices



Instruments to Measure Electricity



Analytical Instruments



Optical Instruments & Lenses



Measuring & Controlling Devices, nee*



Surgical & Medical Instruments



Surgical Appliances & Supplies



Dental Equipment & Supplies



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
88,965
220,619
557,333
1,296,791
99,179
179,683
196,859
109,876
424,755
452,217
702,300
1,719,352
74,107
89,122
174,976
784,215
11,108
44,036
51,581
77,877
1,007
7,767
19,302
910,268
11,000
12,750
21,250
138,350
54,439
107,144
68,634
137,757
138,014
165,075
57,871
1,259,704
752,815
1,289,094
1,348,017
5,365,785
160,278
168,498
292,241
1,454,143
31,275
51,647
93,227
252,458
0
0
0
503
5
5
5
0
60
141
69
20
17
0
0
304
25
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
810
64
137
0
'" 0
0
0
3
6
6
263
1,558
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
1,042
2,275
2,040
180,113
79
750
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
260
5
10
0
0
0
404
0
0
0
0
0
Off-site
Releases

Total Transfers Total On-
On-site Off -site to and Off-site
Releases Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds
88,965
220,619
557,333
1,297,294
99,184
179,688
196,869
109,876
425,857
454,633
704,409
1,899,485
74,203
89,872
175,726
784,519
11,133
44,046
51,581
77,877
1,007
7,767
19,302
910,268
11,000
12,750
21,250
138,350
55,249
107,208
68,771
137,757
138,014
165,075
57,871
1,259,707
753,081
1,289,105
1,348,290
5,367,343
160,278
168,498
292,648
1,454,143
31,275
51,647
93,227
252,458
4,000
19,000
12,600
61,182
265
265
1,000
70
66,290
92,476
104,350
36,477
0
550
500
159,821
1,005
1,255
1,505
258,498
0
0
160
46,816
0
0
0
6,978
425,442
135,768
102,954
75,700
0
0
0
28,524
15,901
130,450
76,844
219,067
13,061
12,570
10,438
119,928
5,450
3,150
3,550
3,150
92,965
239,619
569,933
1,358,476
99,449
179,953
197,869
109,946
492,147
547,109
808,759
1,935,962
74,203
90,422
176,226
944,340
12,138
45,301
53,086
336,375
1,007
7,767
19,462
957,084
11,000
12,750
21,250
145,328
480,691
242,976
171,725
213,457
138,014
165,075
57,871
1,288,231
768,982
1,419,555
1,425,134
5,586,410
173,339
181,068
303,086
1,574,071
36,725
54,797
96,777
255,608
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 38 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility incorrectly reported 2,348,655 pounds of transfers off-site to disposal
for 1988 under SIC code 3861. The correct amount is 0 pounds.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                       577
-------
 Jjiiiiiiiiittiiiiiii^ SBF—iflj^
              Chapter 15— TRIData for Instruments and Photographic Equipment


 Table 15-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Instruments and Photographic
 Equipment, SIC Code 38, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code Industry
3844 X-ray Apparatus & Tubes



3845 Etoetromedical Equipment



3851 Ophthalmic Goods



3861 Photographic Equipment & Supplies



3873 Watches, Clocks, Watcheases & Parts



Multiple within SIC Code 38



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 38



Total for SIC Code 38



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
26,919
43,887
29,786
Surface
Water Underground
Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds
23
18
0
0
0
0
Total
Releases On-site
to Land Releases
Pounds Pounds
0 26,942
0 43,905
0 29,786
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
11,910 38,852
0 43,905
250 30,036
No reports received
9,702
76,687
86,071
303,114
275,975
351,338
406,048
1,350,110
7,015,141
8,501,166
8,814,427
28,049,045
26,500
23,415
36,120
333,733
97,338
126,718
124,728
1,015,631
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
262,981
248,669
319,055
387,493
0
0
0
0
280
260
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 9,702
0 76,687
0 86,071
0 303,114
0 275,975
0 351,338
0 406,048
0 1,350,110
1,146 7,279,268
2,736 8,752,571
3,865 9,137,347
159,540 28,596,328
0 26,500
0 23,415
0 36,120
250 333,983
0 97,618
0 126,978
0 124,748
500 1,016,131
7,100 16,802
9,109 85,796
12,841 98,912
9,652 312,766
48,258 324,233
55,753 407,091
58,789 464,837
92,059 1,442,169
188,351 7,467,619
312,493 9,065,064
407,238 9,544,585
9,613,808 38,210,136
0 26,500
0 23,415
0 36,120
250 334,233
6,335 103,953
10,232 137,210
9,927 134,675
79,420 1,095,551
No reports received
6,340
111,959
1,920,565
9,298,517
11,917,203
13,192,730
46,478,774
0
0
501
264,207
249,173
319,552
390,382
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0 6,340
0 111,959
0 1,921,066
2,527 9,565,251
5,766 12,172,142
7,074 13,519,356
340,403 47,209,809
0 6,340
5,925 117,884
63,615 1,984,681
793,368 10,358,619
783,071 12,955,213
808,871 14,328,227
10,875,015 58,084,824
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 38 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility incorrectly reported 2,348,655 pounds of transfers off-site to disposa
for 1988 under SIC code 3861. The correct amount is 0 pounds.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 578
-------
                              Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Table 15-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Instruments and
Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38
SIC
Code
3812


. 3821


3822



3823



3824



3825


3826



3827


3829


3841


3842


Industry
Search & Navigation Equipment


Laboratory Apparatus & Furniture


Environmental Controls



Process Control Instruments



Fluid Meters & Counting Devices



Instruments to Measure Electricity


Analytical Instruments



Optical Instruments & Lenses


Measuring & Controlling Devices, nee*


Surgical & Medical Instruments


Surgical Appliances & Supplies


Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
• 95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
47,900
163,341
384,665
NA
0
13,000
0
NA
44,905
16,431
64,503
NA
0
0
145,039
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
30,372
27,947
23,872
NA
-si
24,448
26,048
458,784
NA
502,986
502,751
439,123
NA
45,224
3,819
42,433
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
_ 0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
o -
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
3,800
12,601
13,001
NA
0
0
1
NA
5,265
5,120
6,500
NA
60
12,462
12,986
NA
0
0
0
NA
27,471
29,241
30,904
NA
0
0
12,000
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
2
NA
2,817,648
2,816,485
1,680,932
NA
860,738
762,898
1,470,971
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
51,700
175,942
. 397,666
NA
0
13,000
1
NA
50,170
21,551
71,003
NA
60
12,462
158,025
NA
0
0
0
NA
27,471
29,241
30,904
NA
0
0
12,000
NA
30,372
27,947
23,872
NA
24,448
26,048
458,786
NA
3,320,634
3,319,236
2,120,055
NA
905,962
766,717
1,513,404
NA
 Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one-4-digit SIC code within SIC code 38 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                             579
-------
            Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
 Table 15-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Instruments and
 Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38, Continued
SIC
Code
3843



3843



3844



3845



3851



3861



3873















Industry
Dental Equipment & Supplies



Dental Equipment & Supplies



X-ray Apparatus & Tubes



Etcctromedtcal Equipment



Ophthalmic Goods



Photographic Equipment & Supplies



Watches, Clocks, Watchcases & Pacts



Multiple within SIC Code 38



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 38



Total for SIC Code 38



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
0
19,320
31,330
NA
0
19,320
31,330
NA
2,179
2,800
0
No reports received
0
5,790
0
NA
50,657
40,237
72,571
NA
2,642,765
3,542,785
1,840,886
NA
11,100
9,200
11,600
NA
13,560
15,045
28,300
NA
No reports received
6,000
2,300
NA
3,416,096
4,394,514
3,545,406
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0

0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
683,500
610,500
683,300
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA

0
0
NA
683,500
610,500
683,300
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
1,385
512
700
NA
1,385
512
700
NA
18,081
12,016
0

21,000
22,000
22,000
NA
4,870
4,969
8,620
NA
31,577,693
30,871,104
26,660,355
NA
15,026
18,928
0
NA
291,948
229,737
191,598
NA

0
0
NA
35,644,985
34,798,073
30,110,570
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
1,385
19,832
32,030
NA
1,385
19,832
32,030
NA
20,260
14,816
0

21,000
27,790
22,000
NA
55,527
45,206
81,191
NA
34,903,958
35,024,389
29,184,541
NA
26,126
28,128
11,600
NA
305,508
244,782
219,898
NA

6,000
2,300
NA
39,744,581
39,803,087 •
34,339,276
NA
    not elsewhere classified.
580
-------
                          Chapter 15— TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
The process control instruments industry (SIC code
3823) reported the sector's largest increase in
transfers off-site for further waste management.
This industry reported 446,000 pounds in 1994 and
554,000 pounds in 1996. Ranking second, the x-ray
apparatus and tubes industry (SIC code 3844)
reported an increase from 103,000 pounds to
180,000 pounds. For both industries, the increase
was attributable to transfers to recycling. The
optical instruments and lenses industry (SIC code
3827) ranked third, reporting 26,000 pounds in
1994 and 93,000 pounds in 1996, principally in
transfers to treatment.

Table 15-16 presents the sector's transfers off-site
for further waste management for 1988-1996.

Facilities with Lame Increases and Decreases
in Releases, 1988-1996

Morton International, Inc., in New Iberia, Louisiana
(did not report in 1988, SIC code 3827 in 1996),
was the top increaser in releases with 215,000
pounds. The facility did not begin operation until
after the 1988 reporting year. Therefore, the total
releases for 1996 equal the overall increase. Zinc
compounds accounted for 75% of the 1996 release
reporting. The facility contacts did not comment on
the type of products manufactured or how zinc
compounds are used. SIC code 3827 represents
optical instruments and lenses.

White Rogers Div. Batesville in Batesville,
Arkansas (SIC code 3822), was second with an
overall increase of 190,000 pounds between 1988
and 1996. The facility manufactures natural gas
valves for residential applications.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) accounted for 84% of the
total increase in reporting. The facility reported no
releases for the chemical in 1988 and reported
160,000 pounds of air emissions in 1996. TCE
replaced 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) in a solvent
vapor degreasing system prior to the 1996 reporting
year. Conversely, the facility reported data for TCA
in 1988 but not in 1996. The ranking as an
increaser in releases is due to a change in air
emissions estimation methodology, the result being
that the decrease in TCA reporting did not equal the
increase in TCE reporting. The facility contact
stated that by early 1999, the solvent vapor
degreasing system will be fully phased-out and
replaced by an aqueous cleaning system.

Mita South Carolina, Inc., in Fountain Inn, South
Carolina (did not report in 1988, SIC code 3861 in
1996), ranked third in increases with a total
124,000 pounds. Styrene reporting accounted for
71% of the total increase. Proprietary toner
formulations for the photocopier industry are
manufactured at this facility. Granular styrene
resins are used as a toner constituent. The facility
did not begin operation until 1992. Consequently,
the total releases for the 1996 reporting year equal
the total increase between 1988 and 1996.

Eastman Kodak Company in Rochester, New York
(SIC code 3861), was the top decreaser in releases
with a 13.4 million-pound reduction between 1988
and 1996. A reduction in dichloromethane
reporting accounted for 50% of the facility's overall
decrease. The chemical is used as a solvent  in the
production of acetate film-base. In addition to film
and photographic paper, the plant also
manufactures synthetic organic chemicals used in
photographic products. The facility contact
attributed the decrease to greater process efficiency
and the installation of pollution control devices.
This facility also ranked second for decreases in
waste management (see "Facilities with Large
Increases and Decreases in Waste Management,
1991-1996").

Du Pont in Towanda, Pennsylvania (SIC code
3861), ranked second in decreases with 7.4  million
pounds. The facility manufactures coated film
products used in electronics, printing and
publishing, and medical industries. Dichlo-
romethane, a solvent in coating and cleaning
operations, accounted for 96% of the reported
decrease. The facility contact cited improvements
in pollution control technology as the primary
                                                                                              581
-------
 iiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMftoj|^t^^^»
              Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment


 Table 15^16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Instruments
 and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38
SIC
Code
3812



3821



3822



3823



3824



3825



3826



3827



3829



3841



3842



3843



Industry
Search & Navigation Equipment



Laboratory Apparatus & Furniture



Environmental Controls



Process Control Instruments



Fluid Meters & Counting Devices



Instruments to Measure Electricity



Analytical Instruments



Optical Instruments & Lenses



Measuring & Controlling Devices, nee*



Surgical & Medical Instruments



Surgical Appliances & Supplies



Dental Equipment & Supplies



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
30,655
33,025
290,032
NA
44,938
69,095
121,992
NA
3,963,356
3,883,697
4,563,757
NA
550,370
426,582
417,646
NA
359,551
725,429
695,644
NA
31,475
83,455
102,980
NA
0
0
0
NA
12,496
11,989
10,741
NA
68,538
• 72,622
61,152
NA
1,371,026
917,985
1,346,956
NA
926,136
879,506
913,638
NA
101,451
143,220
53,163
NA
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
0
13,356
17,724
NA
67,349
152,127
124,879
NA
4,506
18,898
27,665
NA
4,101
9,671
11,007
NA
0
728
387
NA
0
0
0
NA
22,200
32,900
34,900
NA
20,683
20,892
13,984
NA
8,804
0
0
NA
46,246
61,766
60,562
NA
0
27,481
62,788
NA
4,650
6,304
11,023
NA
22,618
66,023
65,853
456,343
1,000
6,060
3,850
85,619
47,551
56,799
94,531
255,619
0
10,524
15,983
123,625
124
595
5,554
7,750
254 .
o'
0
45,600
0
9,250
15,000
25,980
59,750
4,433
692
10,950
58
1,962
55
76,408
51,042
190,070
323,733
489,294
34,460
15,495
39,785
197,759
0
750
4,430
72,311
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
250
270
20,067
79,721
14,080
13,020
11,020
510
1,069
1,857
1,776
9,510
15
2,360
1,729
515
359
505
750
500
750
750
250
176,871
20,000
17,700
29,000
16,650
250
250
250
0
11
21
7
67,520
97,243
94,834
83,587
107,717
181,756
242,046
276,159
257,225
25,000
1,250
755
29,317
0
0
0
4,300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11,122
0
0
0
23,249
0
0
0
350
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
41,791
44,588
0
0
16,539
0
0
0
10,823
0
0
0
0
53,523
112,674
393,676
NA
127,367
240,302
261,741
NA
4,016,482
3,961,251
4,687,729
NA
554,486
449,137
446,365
NA
360,034
727,257
702,335
NA
32,479
84,205
103,230
NA
42,200
59,850
78,900
NA
93,179
37,564
25,667
NA
77,411
74,605
61,214
NA
1,610,145
1,264,655
1,814,838
NA
1,142,352
1,164,528
1,292,370
NA
131,101
151,524
69,37 !<•
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 38 are assigned to the "multiple"
category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 582
-------
                            Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Table 15-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Instruments
and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38, Continued
SIC
Code Industry
3844 X-ray Apparatus & Tubes



3845 Electromedical Equipment



3851 Ophthalmic Goods



3861 Photographic Equipment & Supplies



3873 Watches, Clocks, Watchcases& Parts



Multiple within SIC Code 38



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 38



Total for SIC Code 38



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88.
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
176,956
133,082
94,810
No reports received
91,782
90,138
85,787
NA
263,856
252,326
267,096
NA
3,481,494
6,038,028
5,170388
NA
250
0
4,509
NA
395,454
344,260
290,093
NA
No reports received
4,200
11,850
NA
11,869,784
14,108,639
14,502,234
NA
0
7,100
0

1,920
2,720
4,800
NA
89,392
97,895
166,247
NA
1,998,344
1,791,638
2,517,973
NA
0
0
0
NA
26,108
32,764
29,071
NA

1,805
1,255
NA
2,294,303
2,278,045
3,084,265
NA
3,369
29,699
8,610

720
9,070
9,300
0
52,377
35,168
85,991
182,455
1,686,655
2,550,319
3,419,272
4,311,813
5,400
5,038
4,640
73,221
57,210
46,210
69,355
172,075

18,000
15,060
238,597
2,022,588
3,055,465
4,181,694
6,825,419
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
20
57
5

0
5
0
76,510
5,837
49,142
70,292
141,514
115,514
85,443
122,870
1,229,940
0
0
0
538
36,542
48,539
77,227
15,455

0
0
57,393
498,696
558,049
695,744
2,267,406
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,290
0
0
0
79,657
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o'

0
0
7,500
44,588
0
0
196,621
180,345
169,938
103,425

94,422
101,933
99,887
NA
411,462
434,531
589,626
NA
7,282,007
10,465,428
11,230,503
NA
5,650
5,038
9,149
NA
515,314
471,773
465,746
NA

24,005
28,165
NA
16,729,959
20,000,198
22,463,937
NA
 Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
 transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 38 are assigned to the "multiple"
 category.
 *nec: not elsewhere classified.
 reason for the reduction. Since the 1996 reporting
 year, dichloromethane has been eliminated
 altogether through process substitutions.

 Anitec International Paper in Binghamton, New
 York (SIC code 3861), was third in decreases with
 2.7 million pounds. The facility ran film and
 photographic paper coating operations and
 manufactured film-base and photographic chemical
processing solutions. Dichloromethane, used in the
production of film-base, was responsible for 67%
of the facility's reduction. The facility reported no
releases of the chemical in 1996. The processes in
which dichloromethane was used was shut down in
late 1991 due to a declining market. One reason
cited for this was the growing popularity of desk-
top computer graphics imaging. This facility was
also third in decreases of production-related waste
                                                                                                      583
-------
          Chapter 15— TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
 from 1991 to 1996. See "Facilities with Large
 Increases and Decreases in Waste Management,
 1991-1996," for more information.

 Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
 Releases, 1988-1996

 In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
 large apparent increases and decreases, which have
 been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
 Because these are errors or plant closures and not
 actual changes in the data, these facilities are not
 discussed in detail here. There is one such facility
 in the instruments and photographic equipment
 sector:

    Xerox Corporation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,
    decrease of 3.1 million pounds, reporting error.

 1991-1996 Waste Management Data
 for Instruments and Photographic
 Equipment

 Table 15-17 summarizes on- and off-site waste
 management data for the instruments and
 photographic equipment sector for 1991, when TRI
 began collecting this information, and the three
 most recent years (1994-1996). The sector reported
 a 41.5% reduction in total production-related waste,
 from 115.0 million pounds in 1991 to 67.3 million
 pounds in 1996. The largest factor in this 47.7
 million-pound reduction was a reduction in
 quantities released on- and off-site from 35.8
 million pounds to 10.4 million pounds. This
 represented a 71.0% reduction in quantities
 released. The sector also reported an 86.3%
 reduction in on-site recycling, from 25.1 million
 pounds to 3.5 million pounds.

 Reporting of all types of off-site waste management
 decreased from 1991 to 1996: recycling from 16.4
 million pounds to  12.3 million pounds, energy
 recovery from 3.4 million pounds to 2.4 million
 pounds, and treatment from 4.4 million pounds to
 2.5 million pounds. These represented percentage
 decreases ranging from 25.0% to 43.5%. As noted
 earlier, one facility in the photographic equipment
 industry (SIC code 3861) reported a 3.0 million-
 pound increase in on-site treatment of methanol
 from 1994 to 1995.

 The instruments and photographic equipment sector
 reported increases in on-site treatment (from 29.6
 million pounds to 35.6 million pounds) and on-site
 energy recovery (from 269,000 pounds to 684,000
 pounds). These were increases of 20.5% and
 153.7%, respectively.

 Figure 15-13 illustrates the percentage changes in
 waste management methods reported by the
 instruments and photographic equipment sector for
 1991-1996.

 The sector's changes in waste management
 amounts reported to TRI from 1991 to 1996
 indicate progress in reducing the proportion of
 production-related waste that the sector releases to
 the environment. The sector reported cutting in half
 the proportion of its TRI chemicals in waste that it
 released from 1991 to 1996 (from about 30% to
 about 15% of total production-related waste). In
 terms of the waste management hierarchy
 (explained in Chapter 1), releases are the least
 desirable option for managing waste that cannot be
 prevented. Among other waste management
 options, however, treatment nearly doubled (from
 about 30% to 57% of production-related waste).
 Although this option is preferable to releases, it is
 less desirable than recycling or energy recovery.
 The sector reported less of its production-related
 waste as recycled over the 1991-1996 period,
 decreasing from 36% of production-related waste to
 23%.

 Facilities  with Large Increases and Decreases
 in Waste Management, 1991-1996

Polaroid Corporation in Assonet, Massachusetts
(SIC code 3861 in  1991 and codes 2869 and 3861
584
-------
                               Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
Table 15-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996:  Instruments and Photographic Equipment, SIC Code 38

Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste

Waste Management Activity

On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
1991
Pounds

25,138,826
269,410
29,570,270
54,978,506

16,393,801
3,369,208
4,427,223
24,190,232
35,794,261
114,962,999
78,899
Change
1994-1995
Percent

18.5
-10.7
15.2
15.0

-4.7
-26.1
-25.1
-11.9
-12.9
0.7
-11.9
1994
Pounds

3,785,836
683,300
30,301,062
34,770,198

14,984,331
3,082,096
4,854,522
22,920,949
15,577,937
73,269,084
4,915
Change
1995-1996
Percent

-23.1
12.0
2.1
-0.5

-13.9
3.5
-31.3
-15.1
-23.5
-8.8
3,130.7
1995
Pounds

4,485,631
610,500
34,896,489
39,992,620

14,279,633
2,277,865
3,638,244
20,195,742
13,569,171
73,757,533
4,330
Change
1991-1996
Percent

-86.3
153.7
20.5
-27.6

-25.0
-30.0
-43.5
-29.1
-71.0
-41.5
77.3
1996
Pounds

3,451,467
683,500
35,645,001
39,779,968

12,289,407
2,357,275
2,500,605
17,147,287
10,374,928
67,302,183
139,891
















Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated.
                                                                                                             585
-------
           Chapter 15— TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
    200
       Recycled   Energy   Treated
        On-sfte  Recovery   On-site
                On-sita

          On-site Waste Management
Recycled   Energy    Treated          Quantity
 Off-site  Recovery    Off-site       Released On-
         Off-site                  and Off-site

   Off-site Waste Management
    Total
Production-
   related
   Waste
       Figure 15-13.  Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
                      Instruments and Photographic Equipment (SIC Code 38)
Note: Docs not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Curmcl Year, Column B) of year indicated.
in 1996), was first in increases of waste managed
with 761,000 pounds. The facility produces
chemicals used in the manufacture of Polaroid™
film. Dichloromethane, used as a solvent,
accounted for 85% of the increase. No data for
dichloromethane were reported in 1991. According
to the facility contact, a categorical discharge
regulation for organic chemicals, plastics, and
synthetic fibers came into effect in 1991. The
facility was not equipped to meet the new discharge
levels and ceased using some chemicals, including
dichloromethane, during part of 1991 until
upgrades were made to their wastewater treatment
operations. Full-time operations in subsequent
years account for the increase.
                    " 'ji           !             "
Polaroid Corporation in New Bedford,
Massachusetts (SIC code 3861), ranked second in
              increases with 729,000 pounds. This Polaroid
              facility, which manufactures medical imaging and
              graphic arts products, did not become operational
              until 1993. Therefore, there were no data reported
              in 1991. Methyl ethyl ketone data constituted 98%
              of the facility's 1996 waste management reporting.
              The chemical is used as a solvent in coating
              operations.

              Azon Corporation in Johnson City, New York (SIC
              code 3861), was third in increases with 511,000
              pounds. A manufacturer of diazo paper (e.g., blue-
              print paper), this facility uses methanol in a coating
              operation. The chemical was responsible for 38%
              of the overall increase. Two reasons were cited by
              the facility contact for the increase in methanol
              reporting: 1) another facility that ran coating
              operations was shut down and consolidated with
586
-------
                          Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
the Johnson City plant, and 2) most of the increase
in methanol reporting was in on-site energy
recovery—the facility added a boiler to its energy
recovery system, thereby increasing the system's
capacity to utilize methanol as a fuel.

Anitec International Paper in Binghamton, New
York (SIC code 3861), was the top facility for
decreases in waste managed. On-site recycling of
dichloromethane dropped from 8.5 million pounds
in 1991 to zero in 1996. The facility recovered and
reused over 90% of the chemical before its film-
base manufacturing processes were shut down. See
"Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in
Releases, 1988-1996," for more information.

Eastman Kodak Company in Rochester, New York
(SIC code 3861), was second in decreases with a 7.8
million-pound reduction. Dichloromethane waste
management data decreased by 6.4 million pounds
(82% of the  overall decrease) between 1991 and
1996 at this  photographic products manufacturing
facility. The reporting category with the largest
dichloromethane decrease was on-site recycling.
This category dropped from 2.7 million pounds in
1991 to zero pounds in 1996. The facility contact
cited a change in the interpretation of the recycling
process as the  reason.1 This facility also ranked first
for decreases in releases (see "Facilities with Large
Increases and Decreases in Releases,  1988-1996").

Du Pont in Towanda, Pennsylvania (SIC code
3861), was third with a 4.6 million-pound decrease.
Decreases in dichloromethane waste management
reporting accounted for 100% of the decrease. The
facility also ranked as a major decreaser in releases
(see "Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
in Releases, 1988-1996"). Dichloromethane was
 1  There are no TRI regulatory definitions of recycling.
   Facilities may use their own interpretations for purposes of
   reporting to TRI. Changes in these interpretations do not
   represent a change in guidance by EPA on how to report
   recycling.
used in cleaning and coating operations in the
manufacture of coated film products. The chemical
was phased-out by the end of 1996. Decreased
usage prior to the chemical's elimination resulted in
the decrease.

Facilities Contacted for Explanations
(alphabetical by facility):

    Anitec International Paper, Binghamton, New
    York: Maureen Hoke and Alan Markle,
    September 22, 1998 (explanation provided)
    Azon Corporation, Johnson City, New York:
    Roger Philpott, September 22,1998
    (explanation provided)
    Du Pont, Towanda, Pennsylvania: Jim Hasse,
    September 17,1998 (explanation provided)
    Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New
    York: Steven Vaughn, September 21,1998 and
    Eileen Criswell, September 22,1998
    (explanation provided)
    Mita South Carolina, Inc., Fountain Inn, South
    Carolina: Fred Hartwig, September 21,1998
    (explanation provided)
    Morton International, Inc., New Iberia,
    Louisiana: Ruth Hohnstein, October 20,1988
    and Brian Leatherman, October 23,1998
    (explanation provided)
    Polaroid Corporation, Assonet, Massachusetts:
    Michael Conway, September 18,1998 and Tim
    Hawes, October 16, 1998 (explanation
    provided)
    Polaroid Corporation, New Bedford,
    Massachusetts: Richard L. Chandler, September
     18,1998 (explanation provided)
    White Rogers Div. Batesville, Batesville,
    Arkansas: Mark Carroll, September 22, 1998
    (explanation provided)
    Xerox Corporation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma:
    Michael Hampton, September 21,  1998
    (explanation provided)
                                                                                              587
-------
          Chapter 15 — TRI Data for Instruments and Photographic Equipment
588
-------
                                Chapter 16
              Toxics Release Inventory Data
            for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
                             (SIC Code 39)
A Look at the

Miscellaneous

Manufacturing

Industries

(SIC Code 39)

The miscellaneous manufacturing sector produces
goods not classified in other manufacturing sectors.
The miscellaneous manufacturing sector includes
several industry groups—-jewelry and silverware,
musical instruments, toys and sporting goods, pens
and artists' materials, and costume jewelry and
fasteners. However, the largest group within this
sector comprises industries not classified in those
groups: miscellaneous manufactures. Products of
this "miscellaneous" group (designated SIC code
399 at the three-digit level) are brooms and
brushes, non-printed signs (electrical, mechanical,
or other), burial caskets, hard surface floor
coverings (such as linoleum), and a range of goods
from hair dryers to umbrellas. Box 16-1 lists
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and
their designations for this sector. In TRI, SIC codes
are given as reported by the facilities; these may
differ from information in economic and other data
collections.
The miscellaneous manufacturing sector shipped
products valued at $48.60 billion in 1996, up from
$46.67 billion in 1995 (both in current dollars).
Employment in this sector was just under 400,000
in both years. Miscellaneous manufactures (SIC
code 399) contributed $19.58 billion of the sector's
1996 value of shipments with employment of
179,000. Toys and sporting goods accounted for
$14.75 billion and employed 103,000.

At the four-digit SIC code level, the miscellaneous
manufacturing industries (SIC code 3999) were
associated with the sector's largest amounts of
releases and waste management of TRI chemicals.
This industry shipped products valued at $7.79
billion in 1996, employing 73,000.

The diversity of products in this sector attests to a
diversity of manufacturing processes. The sector's
products include articles made of wood, metal,
plastics, and other materials. Production of such
articles involves processes used in wood finishing,
metal fabrication, plastics products manufacture,
and other relevant operations.
                                                                                589
-------
               Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
 Box 16-1. SIC Code 39, Miscellaneous Manufacturing:  Codes and Classifications
  SIC Code
                                                              Industry Description
  391    Jewelry, Silverware, and Plated Ware
         3911   Jewelry, Precious Metal
          3914   Silverware, Plated Ware, and Stainless Steel
                 Ware

          3915   Jewelers' Findings Materials and Lapidary
                 Work
  393    Musical Instruments
         3931   Musical Instruments

  394    Dolls, Toys, Games and Sporting and Athletic Goods
         3941   Dolls and Stuffed Toys

         3944   Games, Toys, and Children's Vehicles, Except
                 Dolls and Bicycles


         3949   Sporting and Athletic Goods, nee*


  395    Pens, Pencils, and Other Artists' Materials
         3951   Pens, Mechanical Pencils, and Parts

         3952   Lead Pencils, Crayons, and Artists' Materials


         3953   Marking Devices

         3955   Carbon Paper and Inked Ribbons

  396    Costume Jewelry and Costume Novelties, Except
         Precious Metal
         3961   Costume Jewelry and Costume Novelties,
                 Except Precious Metal

         39S5   Fasteners, Buttons, Needles, and Pins

  399    Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries
         3991   Brooms and Brushes

         3993   Signs and Advertising Specialties

         3995   Burial Caskets

         3996   Linoleum, Asphalted-Felt-Base, and Other
                 Hard Surface Floor Coverings, nee*
         3999   Manufacturing Industries, nee*
 Manufacture of jewelry and other articles worn on or carried about the person, made of
 precious metals (including base metals clad or rolled with precious metals), with or with-
 out stones. Includes cigarette cases and lighters, vanity cases and compacts, trimmings for
 umbrellas and canes, and jewel settings and mountings.
 Manufacture of flatware (including knives, forks, and spoons), hollowware, ecclesiastical
 ware, trophies, trays, and related products made of sterling silver, plated metal (with sil-
 ver, gold, or other metal), nickel silver, pewter, or stainless steel.
 Manufacture of unassembled jewelry parts and stock shop products, such as sheet, wire,
 and tubing. Processing stones (cutting, tumbling, faceting, etc.) from natural or manmade
 precious or semiprecious gem raw materials. Recutting, repolishing, and setting gem
 stones. Cutting, drilling, and preparing jewels for instruments, dies, watches, chronome-
 ters, and other industrial uses. Drilling, sawing, and peeling real or cultured pearls.


 Manufacture of pianos (with or without player attachments), organs, other musical instru-
 ments, and their parts and accessories.


 Manufacture of dolls, doll parts, and doll clothing, except doll wigs. Manufacture of
 stuffed toys.
 Manufacture of games and game sets for adults and children, and mechanical and non-
 mechanical toys. Includes toy furniture, doll carriages, construction sets, mechanical
 trains, toy guns and rifles, baby carriages and strollers, and children's tricycles, wagons,
 sleds, and similar outdoor goods except bicycles.
 Manufacture of sporting and athletic goods, such as fishing tackle; golf and tennis goods;
 baseball, football, basketball, and boxing equipment; roller and ice skates; gymnasium and
 playground equipment; billiard and pool tables; and bowling alleys and equipment.


 Manufacture of pens (including ballpoint pens), refill cartridges, mechanical pencils, fine
 and broad tipped markers, and parts.
 Manufacture of lead pencils, pencil leads, crayons, and materials and equipment for art-
 work, such as airbrushes, drawing tables, palettes, sketch boxes, artists' colors, drawing
 inks, and drafting materials.
 Manufacture of rubber and metal hand-stamps, dies, and seals; steel letters and figures;
 and stencils for use in painting or marking.
 Manufacture of carbon paper, stencil paper, and inked or carbon ribbons for business
 machines.
Manufacture of costume jewelry, costume novelties, and ornaments made of all materials
except precious metal, precious or semiprecious stones, or rolled goldplate and gold-filled
materials.
Manufacture of notions, such as slide and snap fasteners and zippers, needles, pins, hooks
and eyes, buckles, and buttons.


Manufacture of household, industrial, and street sweeping brooms. Manufacture of
brushes, such as paintbrushes, toothbrushes, and household and industrial brushes.
Manufacture of electrical, mechanical, cutout, or plate signs and advertising displays,
including neon signs, and advertising specialties.
Manufacture of burial caskets and cases, including shipping cases, of wood or other mate-
rial except concrete.
Manufacture of linoleum, asphalted-felt-base, and other hard surface floor coverings.

Manufacture of miscellaneous fabricated products, including beauty shop and barber shop
equipment; hair work; tobacco pipes and cigarette holders; coin-operated amusement
machines; matches; candles; lamp shades; feathers, artificial trees and flowers (except
glass); dressed and dyed furs; umbrellas and canes; and other articles.
*ncc: nol elsewhere classified; these are generally referred to as "miscellaneous" products in their categories.
590
-------
                                      Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
1996 TRI  Data  for

Miscellaneous

Manufacturing
Table 16-1 summarizes TRI reporting by the
miscellaneous manufacturing sector for 1996. The
miscellaneous manufacturing sector submitted 766
forms in 1996. Of these, 56  were Form A
certification statements, certifying that a facility's
total annual reportable amount of a TRI chemical
was less than 500 pounds for the year and that the
facility did not manufacture, process, or otherwise
use more than 1 million pounds. (The Form A
certification statement is explained in Chapter 1.)

The miscellaneous manufacturing industries (SIC
code 3999) submitted 245 forms in 1996, 32.0% of
the sector's total. Ranking second, the
miscellaneous sporting and  athletic goods industry
(SIC code 3949) submitted  123 forms (16.1%). The
burial caskets industry (SIC code 3995) submitted
90 forms (11.7%).

The miscellaneous manufacturing industries (SIC
code 3999) reported the sector's largest amounts of
on-site releases (3.3 million pounds) and total on-
and off-site releases (3.4 million pounds). These
amounts were approximately 34% of the sector's
total on-site releases of 9.4  million pounds and total
on- and off-site releases of  10.3 million pounds.
Industries in SIC code 3999 also reported the
largest amounts of on-site waste management (6.6
million pounds) and total production-related waste
(13.1 million pounds). This represented 26.6% of
the sector's total other on-site waste management
of 24.7 million pounds and 22.7% of the sector's
total production-related waste of 57.6 million
pounds.

For both on-site releases and total on- and off-site
releases, the burial caskets industry (SIC code
3995) ranked second and the miscellaneous
sporting and athletic goods industry (SIC code
3949) ranked third. The burial casket industry
reported 2.4 million pounds of total on- and off-site
releases (23.0% of the sector's total), and the
miscellaneous sporting and athletic goods industry
reported 1.9 million pounds of total on- and off-site
releases (18.8%). More than 95% of each industry's
total releases was reported as on-site releases.

The miscellaneous hard surface floor coverings
industry (SIC code 3996) ranked first in this sector
for off-site releases, reporting 431,000 pounds,
51.3% of the sector's total of 839,000 pounds.
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries (SIC code
3999) ranked second, with 129,000 pounds
(15.4%), followed by miscellaneous sporting and
athletic goods (SIC code 3949) 91,000 pounds
(10.9%).

For other on-site waste management, the carbon
paper and inked ribbons industry (SIC code 3955)
ranked second (after the miscellaneous
manufacturing  industries in SIC code 3999). This
industry reported other on-site waste management
of 5.3 million pounds (21.4% of the total). The
third-largest amount of other on-site waste
                                              Sources

   Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987:
       Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and industry descriptions.
   U.S. Industry & Trade Outlook '98, DRI/McGraw Hill, Standard & Poor's, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
       International Trade Administration, 1998: economic analyses, also provides some information on environment and
       industrial processes for selected industries.
   U.S. Census Bureau, 1996 Annual Survey of Manufactures: Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries, M96(AS)-1,
       February 1998 : value of shipments and employment.
       Supplemental data from U.S. Census Bureau  for some industries.
                                                                                               591
-------
             Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Table 16-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39
Total Total
On- and Productlon-
OfT-sife
Releases
Rank
13
9
19
6
8
3
11
16
14
5
18
10
17
7
2
4
1
12
15

related
Waste
Rank
13
7
14
10
12
5
11
18
15
3
19
2
16
8
6
9
1
17
4


SIC
Code

3911
3914
3915
3931
3944
3949
3951
3952
3953
3955
3961
3965
3991
3993
3995
3996
3999





Industry

Jewelry, Precious Metal
Silverware & Plated Ware
Jewelers' Materials & Lapidary Work
Musical Instruments
Games, Toys, & Children's Vehicles
Sporting & Athletic Goods, nee*
Pens & Mechanical Pencils
Lead Pencils & Art Goods
Marking Devices
Carbon Paper & Inked Ribbons
Costume Jewelry
Fasteners, Buttons, Needles, & Pins
Brooms & Brushes
Signs & Advertising Specialities
Burial Caskets
Hard Surface Floor Coverings, nee*
Manufacturing Industries, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 39
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 39
Total for SIC Code 39

Total
Facilities
Number
14
11
8
17
9
62
10
2
4
6
8
10
3
16
21
12
133
9
7
362

Total
Forms
Number
25
33
14
30
21
123
23
8
11
14
9
23
6
29
90
32
245
15
15
766


Form As
Number
1
5
2
0
2
7
0
3
0
0
2
0
1
1
0
0
27
4
1
56
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
16,374
79,788
2,880
318,324
222,605
1,840,975
103,753
21,480
50,996
543,719
12,109
106,490
17,149
239,980
2,329,930
128,395
3,293,617
66,640
35,571
9,430,775
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
38,760
43,960
500
51,635
90
91,252
5,993
0
0
0
0
13,804
0
0
33,652
430,627
128,985
0
25
839,283
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
55,134
123,748
3,380
369,959
222,695
1,932,227
109,746
21,480
50,996
543,719
12,109
120,294
17,149
239,980
2,363,582
559,022
3,422,602
66,640
35,596
10,270,058
 „. •    n 7c   » ~   XT           '  "n~Slte Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R  Total
Sriiv  /T    ?1 Waste su ms Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
FKa.Uw/fwms wW, mote than one4Hhgit SIC code within SIC code 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code
JWV lor J VSO. The correct SIC code is 3499. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 30 pounds of total releases, 3,209,773 pounds of other on-site
waste rotnagerocnt, 207,776 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management and 3,417,119 pounds of total production-related waste. Another facility
incorrectly reported under an invalid SIC code within SIC code 39 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 3714. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows:
7,,? KO* °V  r Klt^ses' 2.8.(57,591 pounds of other on-site waste management, 2,506,231 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management and
W /0.55S pounds of total production-related waste.  The total production-related waste rank for invalid SIC code within SIC code 39 changes from 4 to 10
*noc: not elsewhere classified.
 management consisted of 2.9 million pounds
 (11.7%) reported with invalid SIC codes in SIC
 code 39, a reporting error. One facility submitting
 such forms should have reported in SIC code 3714
 (motor vehicle parts and accessories); this facility
 accounted for nearly all of the 2.9 million pounds.
 Taking into account this error, the fasteners,
 buttons, needles, and pins industry (SIC code 3965)
 would rank third with  2.8 million pounds of other
 on-site waste management.

 The fasteners, buttons, needles, and pins industry
 (SIC code 3965) ranked first in this sector for
 transfers off-site for further waste management,
 reporting 5.0 million pounds (23.3%). The
 silverware and plated ware industry (SIC code
 3914) ranked  second, with 3.4 million pounds

592
 (15.7%). The miscellaneous manufacturing
 industries (SIC code 3999) reported the third-
 largest amount, with 3.0 million pounds (14.2%).

 For total production-related waste, the fasteners,
 buttons, needles, and pins industry (SIC code 3965)
 ranked second (after miscellaneous manufacturing
 in SIC code 3999), with 7.9 million pounds
 (13.7%), and the carbon paper and inked ribbons
 industry (SIC code 3955) ranked third,  with 6.6
 million pounds (11.5%).

 Multiple SIC Codes in SIC Code 39
A few facilities in the miscellaneous manufacturing
sector engage in distinct, but related, manufacturing
activities that are classified in different  SIC codes
-------
                                             Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Table 16-1. Summary of TRI Information by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996:  Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39,
Continued
SIC
Code
3911
3914
3915
3931
3944
3949
3951
3952
3953
3955
3961
3965
3991
3993
3995
3996
3999



Industry
Jewelry, Precious Metal
Silverware & Plated Ware
Jewelers' Materials & Lapidary Work
Musical Instruments
Games, Toys, & Children's Vehicles
Sporting & Athletic Goods, nee*
Pens & Mechanical Pencils
Lead Pencils & Art Goods
Marking Devices
Carbon Paper & Inked Ribbons
Costume Jewelry
Fasteners, Buttons, Needles, & Pins
Brooms & Brushes
Signs & Advertising Specialties
Burial Caskets
Hard Surface Floor Coverings, nee*
Manufacturing Industries, nee*
Multiple within SIC Code 39
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 39
Total for SIC Code 39
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
133,340
331,351
23,352
1,004,806
125,550
1,930,594
42,130
0
1,422
5,287,354
9,150
2,812,643
140,400
2,147,297
12,486
1,192,632
6,570,885
12,919
2,887,736
24,666,047
Total Transfers
Off-site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
35,190
3,379,611
192,652
239,115
84,166
989,904
372,128
129,460
141,915
763,650
18,009
5,002,326
. 1,609
1,031,764
2,396,683
663,229
3,047,148
74,523
2,903,285
21,466,367
Total
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
236,610
3,832,259
219,593
1,621,426
437,119
5,433,080
504,361
151,031
191,501
6,641,762
42,011
7,913,738
166,097
3,417,188
4,824,516
2,586,151
13,106,360
159,044
6,156,654
57,640,501
Non-
Production-
related
Waste
Pounds
500
5,568
0
0
0
3,200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11,302
530
0
2,327
0
1,110
24,537
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).
Facilities/forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code
3999 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 3499. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 30 pounds of total releases, 3,209,773 pounds of other on-site
waste management, 207,776 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management and 3,417,119 pounds of total production-related waste. Another facility
incorrectly reported under an invalid SIC code within SIC code 39 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 3714. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows:
2,738 pounds of total releases, 2,867,591 pounds of other on-site waste management, 2,506,231 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management and
5,376,558 pounds of total production-related waste. The total production-related waste rank for invalid SIC code within SIC code 39 changes from 4 to 10.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 within SIC code 39. For example, a facility might
 manufacture both precious-metal jewelry (SIC code
 3911) and costume jewelry (SIC code 3961). Such
 facilities may report multiple SIC codes on their
 TRI forms. (Box 1-5 in Chapter 1 further explains
 reporting of multiple SIC codes and its affect on the
 analyses presented in the TRI data release.)

 Table 16-2 further examines reporting on these
 multiple-codes forms in SIC code 39. Of the 15
 forms that reported multiple SIC codes within
 miscellaneous manufacturing, seven forms reported
 the combination of precious-metal jewelry (SIC
 code 3911) and jewelers' materials and lapidary
 work (SIC code  3915). The multiple-codes forms in
 SIC code 39 reported total on- and off-site releases
of 67,000 pounds and total production-related
waste of 159,000 pounds in 1996.

On- and Off-site Releases

The miscellaneous manufacturing sector reported
9.4 million pounds of air emissions in 1996, which
was 91.6% of the sector's total releases. Off-site
releases (transfers to disposal) reported by this
sector totaled 839,000 pounds, or 8.2% of the
sector's total. Other types of releases amounted to
less than 0.5% each of the sector's total on- and
off-site releases. The sector reported no
underground injection. These data appear in Table
16-3. Figure 16-1 illustrates the percentage
distribution of releases reported by this sector.
                                                                                                            593
-------
            Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Table 16-2. Multiple SIC Codes, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39


SIC Codes

39! 1
3911
3944
3944
396!

3915
3961
3949
3993
3965
Toul for SIC Code 39
Total
Forms
Number
7
3
2
2
1
15

Form As
Number
2
1
0
1
0
4
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
3,425
5
61,474
1,670
66
66,640
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Total Transfers Total Non-
On-and Total Other Off-site for Production- Production-
Off-site On-site Waste Further Waste related related
Releases Management Management
Pounds
3,425
5
61,474
1,670
66
66,640
Pounds
8,866
0
0
0
4,053
12,919
Pounds
27,021
23,353
24,149
0
0
74,523
Waste
Pounds
39,327
28,208
85,690
1,700
4,119
159,044
Waste
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: On-slte Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases are transfers off-site to disposal
from Section 6 of Form R. Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 of Form R. Total Production-related Waste sums Section
8 of Form R, cxcepfc Non-production-rclatcd Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents).

Table 16-3. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3999
3995
3949
3996
3955
3931
3993
»44
3914
396S
3951

3911
3953

3952
3991
3961
3915

Industry
Manufacturing Industries, nee*
Burial Caskets
Spotting & Athletic Goods, nee*
Httd Surface Floor Coverings, nee*
Qtftxra Paper & Inked Ribbons
Musical Instruments
Stgnt & Advertising Specialities
Gimcs, Toys, & Children's Vehicles
Silverware & Pitied Ware
Fiwienera, Buttons, Needles, & Pins
Pen* & Mechanical Pencils
Multiple within SIC Code 39
Jewelry, Precious Metal
Marking Devices
In wlid SIC Code within SIC Code 39
Lend Pencils & Art Goods
Brooms ft Brushes
Ox dime Jewelry
Jcwefccs' Maierials & Lapidary Work
Tow! for SIC Code 39
On-site Land Releases
Surface Underground Injection RCRA Other
Total Air Water Class I Class II-V Subtitle C On-site Land
Emissions Discharges Wells Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
3,282,638
2,329,150
1,831,638
128,035
543,719
318,324
239,980
222,605
78,990
106,279
103,753
66,640
16,374
50,996
35,526
21,480
17,149
12,109
2,880
9,408,265
291
515
475
29
0
0
0
0
798
211
0
0
0
0
45
0
0
0
0
2,364
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o 	
0
0
0
0
0
0
10,688
0
1,269
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
	 o
0
0
0
0
0
11,957
0
265
7,593
331
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8,189
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
3,293,617
2,329,930
1,840,975
128,395
543,719
318,324
239,980
222,605
79,788
106,490
103,753
66,640
16,374
50,996
35,571
21,480
17,149
12,109
2,880
9,430,775
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
128,985
33,652
91,252
430,627
0
51,635
0
90
43,960
13,804
5,993
0
38,760
0
25
0
0
0
500
839,283
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
3,422,602
2,363,582
1,932,227
559,022
543,719
369,959
239,980
222,695
123,748
120,294
109,746
66,640
55,134
50,996
35,596
21,480
17,149
12,109
3,380
10,270,058
Note: On-slte Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SIC code within SIC code 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries (SIC code
 3999) reported 3.3 million pounds (34.9%) of the
 sector's air emissions. Ranking second, the burial
 caskets industry (SIC code 3995) reported 2.3
 million pounds (24.8%) of air emissions. The
 miscellaneous sporting and athletic goods industry
 (SIC code 3949) ranked third, reporting 1.8 million
 pounds (19.5%). In all three industries,  toluene was
 reported in the largest amounts (see discussion of
 "1996 TRI Data by Chemical," later in this
 chapter). One facility in miscellaneous
manufacturing reported 545,000 pounds of air
emissions of toluene. Another facility that
manufactures burial caskets reported emissions of
214,000 pounds of toluene. A sporting goods
facility reported 402,000 pounds of toluene.

The miscellaneous hard surface floor coverings
industry (SIC code 3996) reported the sector's
largest amount of off-site releases (transfers to
disposal). This industry reported 431,000 pounds of
transfers to disposal. One facility in SIC code 3996
 594
-------
                                        Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
  Transfers Off-site
    to Disposal
      8.2%
                     Surface Water < 0.1%
                     Underground Injection = 0%
                     RCRA Subtitle C Landfills = 0.1%
                     Other On-site Land Releases = 0.1%
    Figure 16-1. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site
      Releases, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing
                   (SIC Code 39)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from
Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.

 reported 329,000 pounds of di-(2-ethylhexyl)
 phthalate, the chemical accounting for most of the
 industry's off-site releases. (As explained in
 "Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in
 Releases,  1988-1996," later in this chapter, this
 facility has reported large decreases of this
 chemical.)

 Figure 16-2 shows the distribution of on- and off-
 site releases for the industries (four-digit SIC code)
 with the sector's largest releases.

 Other On-site Waste Management

 Two-thirds (67.0%) of the miscellaneous
 manufacturing sector's reported other on-site waste
 management in 1996 consisted of on-site recycling,
 which totaled 16.5 million pounds, as shown in
 Table  16-4. The sector reported 3.4 million pounds
 of on-site energy recovery and 4.8 million pounds
 of on-site treatment, amounting to 13.6% and
 19.3%, respectively, of total other on-site waste
 management. Figure 16-3 illustrates the percentage
 distribution of the sector's other on-site waste
 management by type.

 The miscellaneous manufacturing industries (SIC
 code 3999) reported 5.2 million pounds of on-site
recycling, 31.5% of the sector's total. However,
this includes an error by one facility that reported
on-site recycling of 3.0 million pounds of zinc
compounds. This facility reported in SIC code 3999
(miscellaneous manufacturing industries), but
should have reported in SIC code 3499
(miscellaneous fabricated metal products). The
sector's next-largest amount of on-site recycling
appeared on the forms with invalid SIC codes in
SIC code 39, also a reporting error. One facility
submitting such forms reported on-site recycling of
1.6 million pounds of copper and 1.1 million
pounds of lead; these forms should have been
reported in SIC code 3714. Taking into account
these reporting errors, the fasteners, buttons,
needles and pins industry (SIC code 3965) would
rank first in this sector for on-site recycling,
reporting  2.8 million pounds. One facility in SIC
code 3965, a zipper manufacturer, reported on-site
recycling of 2.8 million pounds of copper. The
signs and advertising specialties industry (SIC code
3993) would rank second with 2.1 million pounds,
and the miscellaneous sporting and athletic goods
industry (SIC code 3949) would rank third with 1.2
million pounds.

The carbon paper and inked ribbons industry  (SIC
code 3955) reported almost all (98.2%) of the
industry's on-site energy recovery, with 3.3 million
pounds. This industry reported combustion for
energy recovery of 2.1 million pounds of methyl
ethyl ketone and 1.1 million pounds of toluene. One
facility accounted for the majority of this reporting
of energy recovery, with 2.0 million pounds of
methyl ethyl ketone and 830,000 pounds of toluene.
Only three other industries in this sector reported
on-site energy recovery in 1996, as shown in
Table 16-4.

The carbon paper and inked ribbons industry (SIC
code 3955) also ranked first in this sector for
 reporting of on-site treatment, with 1.7 million
 pounds (36.2%). The miscellaneous manufacturing
 industries (SIC code 3999) ranked second, with 1.4
 million pounds (28.7%). Miscellaneous sporting
                                                                                                  595
-------
            Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
                                                           H Transfers Off-site to Disposal
                                                           • Other On-site Land Releases
                                                           0 RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
                                                           n UIJ, Class II-V Wells
                                                           n UIJ, Class I Wells
                                                           n Surface Water
                     3999
                            3995
                                    3949
                                           3996
                                                 3955
                                                        3931
                                                               3993
                                                                      3944
                                                                             3914
                                                                                    3965
               Figure 16-2. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, SIC Codes with Largest
                    Releases, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)
Note: On-sitc Releases from Section 5 of FOOT R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal). UU = underground injection.
 and athletic goods (SIC code 3949) reported the
 third-largest amount, 669,000 pounds (14.0%).

 Figure 16-4 illustrates the distribution of on-site
 waste management reporting for the top industries
 in this sector.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 The miscellaneous manufacturing sector reported
 17.8 million pounds of transfers to recycling in
 1996, which amounted to 83.1% of the sector's
 transfers off-site for further waste management.
 Transfers to energy recovery totaled 2.5 million
 pounds (11.6%). Transfers to treatment and to
 POTWs each accounted for 3% or less of the
 sector's total transfers off-site for further waste
 management, as shown in Table 16-5. Figure 16-5
 illustrates the percentage distribution of the

596
 miscellaneous manufacturing sector's reported
 transfers off-site for further waste management.

 The fasteners, buttons, needles, and pins industry
 (SIC code 3965) reported transferring 4.9 million
 pounds to recycling, including 3.1 million pounds
 of copper and 1.7 million pounds of ethylene
 glycol. One facility reported transfers to recycling
 of 2.5 million pounds of copper. The facility
 mentioned above that reported substantial on-site
 recycling of copper reported all of the industry's
 transfers to recycling of ethylene glycol (1.7
 million pounds). The two facilities are owned by
 the same parent company. The silverware and
 plated ware industry (SIC code 3914) ranked
 second for transfers to recycling, with 3.3 million
 pounds (18.8%), including 1.7 million pounds of
 chromium. One facility in this industry reported
transferring 1.3 million pounds of chromium to
recycling. Forms reporting invalid SIC codes in
-------
                                            Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
                                                                                               HI
Table 16-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3999
3955

3965
3993
3949
3996
3931
3914
3991
3911
3944
3951
3915

3995
3961
3953
3952

Industry
Manufacturing Industries, nee*
Carbon Paper & Inked Ribbons
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 39
Fasteners, Buttons, Needles, & Pins
Signs & Advertising Specialities
Sporting & Athletic Goods, nee*
Hard Surface Floor Coverings, nee*
Musical Instruments
Silverware & Plated Ware
Brooms & Brushes
Jewelry, Precious Metal
Games, Toys, & Children's Vehicles
Pens & Mechanical Pencils
Jewelers' Materials & Lapidary Work
Multiple within SIC Code 39
Burial Caskets
Costume Jewelry
Marking Devices
Lead Pencils & Art Goods
Total for SIC Code 39
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
5,200,553
257,181
2,869,736
2,803,777
2,098,136
1,230,154
837,196
946,313
201,557
0
19,840
22,250
17,622
0
5,884
12,486
9,150
1,422
0
16,533,257
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
3,303,299
0
0
0
31,230
0
0
0
0
0
0
24,508
3,300
0
0
0
0
0
3,362,337
Treated
On-site
Pounds
1,370,332
1,726,874
18,000
8,866
49,161
669,210
355,436
58,493
129,794
140,400
113,500
103,300
0
20,052
7,035
0
0
0
0
4,770,453
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
6,570,885
5,287,354
2,887,736
2,812,643
2,147,297
1,930,594
1,192,632
1,004,806
331,351
140,400
133,340
125,550
42,130
23,352
12,919
12,486
9,150
1,422
0
24,666,047
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 39 are assigned to the
"multiple" category. One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code 3999 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 3499. The incorrectly reported amounts were as
follows: 3,209,200 pounds of recycling on-site, 573 pounds of treatment on-site and 3,209,773 pounds of other on-site waste management. The rank for SIC code
3999 changes from 1 to 2. Another facility incorrectly reported under an invalid SIC code within SIC code 39 for 1996.  The correct SIC code is 3714. The
incorrectly reported amount was 2,867,591 pounds of recycling on-site and total on-site waste management. The rank for invalid SIC code within SIC code 39
changes from 3 to 13.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 SIC code 39, explained above, reported 2.9 million
 pounds of transfers to recycling, the sector's third
 largest amount. This included forms from one
 facility totaling 2.5 million pounds; these forms
 should have been submitted in SIC code 3714.
               Treated
               On-site
               19.3%
 Energy Recovery
     On-site
     13.6%
Recycled
 On-site
 67.0%
   Figure 16-3. Distribution of TRI Other On-site Waste
    Management, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing
                     (SIC Code 39)
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
Taking this error into account, the burial caskets
industry (SIC code 3995) ranked third with 2.1
million pounds.

The miscellaneous manufacturing industries (SIC
code 3999) reported half (50.8%) of the sector's
transfers to energy recovery, with 1.3 million
pounds. The chemical reported in the largest
amount was toluene (594,000 pounds). The
miscellaneous hard surface floor coverings industry
(SIC code 3996) ranked second, with 438,000
pounds (17.7%), and the burial caskets industry
(SIC code 3995) ranked third, with 257,000 pounds
(10.3%).

The miscellaneous manufacturing industries (SIC
code 3999) reported 166,000 pounds of transfers  to
treatment in 1996, which amounted to 32.2% of the
sector's total in this category. The carbon paper and
inked ribbons industry (SIC code 3955) ranked
                                                                                                          597
-------
           Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
           7.000,000
           6,000.000
           5.000.000
           4,000,000
           3,000.000
           2,000,000
           1,000.000
                    D Treated
                    • Energy Recovery
                      Recycled
                    3999
                            3955
                                   Invalid
                                           3965
                                                  3993
                                                          3949    3996    3931     3914    3991
      Figure 16-4. TRI Other On-site Waste Management, SIC Codes with Largest Totals, 1996:
                             Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)
Note: Other On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "39" that do not exist in the current Standard
Industrial Classification code system. One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code 3999 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 3499. The incorrectly reported
amounts were as follows: 3,209,200 pounds of recycling on-site, 573 pounds of treatment on-site and 3,209,773 pounds of other on-site waste management. The
rank for SIC code 3999 changes from 1 to 2. Another facility incorrectly reported under an invalid SIC code within SIC code 39 for 1996. The correct SIC code is
3714. The incorrectly reported amount was 2,867,591 pounds of recycling on-site and of total on-site waste management. The rank for invalid SIC code within
SIC code 39 changes from 3 to 13.

 second, reporting 123,000 pounds (23.9%).
 Miscellaneous sporting and athletic goods (SIC
 code 3949) ranked third, reporting 55,000 pounds
 (10.7%).

 The sector's largest transfers to POTWs were
 reported by the miscellaneous sporting and athletic
 goods industry (SIC code 3949), with 164,000
 pounds (25.7%), followed by miscellaneous hard
 surface floor coverings (SIC code 3996) with
 141,000 pounds (22.2%). Fasteners, buttons,
 needles, and pins (SIC code 3965) ranked third,
 with 101,000 pounds (15.8%).

 Figure 16-6 illustrates the distribution of off-site
 transfers for further waste management for the top
 industries in this sector.
1996 TRI Data
by State for
Miscellaneous
Manufacturing
The miscellaneous manufacturing sector submitted
more than 50 forms in each of three states in 1996,
as shown hi Table 16-6. These states were Indiana
(74 forms, or 9.7% of the sector's total),
Pennsylvania (68 forms, or 8.9%), and Ohio (53
forms, or 6.9%).
 598
-------
                                              Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacture,
Table 16-5. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39 (in
Rank Order)
SIC
Code
3965
3914
3999

3995
3993
3949
3955
3996
3951
3931
3915
3953
3952
3944

3911
3961
3991

Industry
Fasteners, Buttons, Needles, & Pins
Silverware & Plated Ware
Manufacturing Industries, nee*
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 39 -
Burial Caskets
Signs & Advertising Specialities
Sporting & Athletic Goods, nee*
Carbon Paper & Inked Ribbons
Hard Surface Floor Coverings, nee*
Pens & Mechanical Pencils
Musical Instruments
Jewelers' Materials & Lapidary Work
Marking Devices
Lead Pencils & Art Goods
Games, Toys, & Children's Vehicles
Multiple within SIC Code 39
Jewelry, Precious Metal
Costume Jewelry
Brooms & Brushes
Total for SIC Code 39
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
4,854,496
3,349,597
1,575,574
2,884,775
2,124,074
896,352
715,109
520,000
80,033
230,470
174,318
192,647
0
129,460
23,366
34,886
33,284
16,819
0
17,835,260
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
17,709
0
1,259,801
0
256,589
76,925
56,199
120,184
437,871
108,984
30,006
0
29,961
0
60,800
24,149
0
233
0
2,479,411
29,571
29,757
166,175
15,727
1,045
15,951
55,078
123,466
4,027
19,604
34,281
0
16,032
0
0
1,390
1,881
707
1,609
516,301
Other
Transfers Off-site
to POTWs Transfers
Pounds Pounds
100,550
257
45,598
2,783
14,975
42,536
163,518
0
141,298
13,070
510
5
95,922
0
0
14,098
25
250
0
635,395
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Off-site
Transfers
for Further
Waste
Management
Pounds
5,002,326
3,379,611
3,047,148
2,903,285
2,396,683
1,031,764
989,904
763,650
663,229
372,128
239,115
192,652
141,915
129,460
84,166
74,523
35,190
18,009
1,609
21,466,367
Note: Off-site Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
One facility reported incorrectly under an invalid SIC code within SIC code 39 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 3714. The incorrectly reported amounts were:
2,490,481 pounds of transfers to recycling, 15,727 pounds of transfers to treatment, 23 pounds of transfers to POTWs and 2,506,231 pounds of transfers off-site for
further waste management. The rank for invalid SIC code within SIC code 39 changes from 4 to 10.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
           To Treatment
               2.4%
To POTWs
   3.0%
    To Energy
    Recovery
      11.6%
                                          To Recycling
                                             83.1%
    Figure 16-5.  Distribution of TRI Transfers Off-site for
     Further Waste Management, 1996: Miscellaneous
               Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)
 Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6
 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.
Indiana reported the largest total on- and off-site
releases in this sector in 1996,1.65 million pounds,
or 16.0% of the sector's total. Pennsylvania ranked
second with 1.58 million pounds (15.4%), and
Puerto Rico ranked third with 548,000 pounds
(5.3%). In all three locations, the miscellaneous
manufacturing sector reported the majority of its
releases as on-site releases. On-site releases totaled
1.6 million pounds (16.5% of the sector's total) in
Indiana, 1.2 million pounds (13.0%) in
Pennsylvania, and 548,000 (5.8%) pounds in Puerto
Rico.

Pennsylvania ranked first for off-site releases
(transfers to disposal) reported by the
miscellaneous manufacturing sector, with 348,000
pounds (41.5% of the sector's total). A
Pennsylvania facility reported the sector's largest
transfers to disposal, 329,000 pounds of
                                                                                                              599
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            Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
                  6,000,000
                  5,000,000-
                  4,000,000-
                  3,000,000
                  2,000,000-
                  1,000,000-
            Other On-site Transfers
            ToPOTWs
         D To Treatment
         C3 To Energy Recovery
            To Recycling
                          3965
                                3914
                                       3999
                                             Invalid
                                                    3995
                                                           3993
                                                                 3949
                                                                        3955
                                                                               3996
                                                                                     3951
         Figure 16-6. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management, SIC Codes with
                  Largest Totals, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)
 Note: Oit-slte Transfers for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
 transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "39" that do not exist in the current Standard Industrial
 Classification code system. One facility reported incorrectly under an invalid SIC code within SIC code 39 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 3714. The
 Incorrectly reported amount was 2,506,231 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management. The rank for invalid SIC code within SIC code 39 changes
 from 4 to 10.
 di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Kentucky and Indiana
 followed Pennsylvania with 94,000 pounds (11.2%)
 and 89,000 pounds (10.6%), respectively.

 The miscellaneous manufacturing sector reported
 4.6 million pounds of other on-site waste
 management in New York, the state with the largest
 amount in this category. Ohio ranked second, with
 3.3 million pounds, but this included the forms
 submitted erroneously with invalid SIC codes in
 SIC code 39, with on-site waste management of 2.9
 million pounds. Colorado reported the third-largest
 amount, 3.2 million pounds, although this also
 included the facility that erroneously reported on-
 site recycling of 3.0 million pounds of zinc
 compounds in SIC code 3999 instead of in SIC
code 3499. Taking into account the reporting errors
In both states, Ohio would rank 10th and Colorado
would rank last for other on-site waste
management. Pennsylvania would rank second with
2.9 million pounds, and Georgia would rank third
with 2.8 million pounds.

Georgia ranked first for transfers off-site for further
waste management reported by the miscellaneous
manufacturing sector in 1996. The Georgia total
was 4.6 million pounds (21.5%), including one
facility reporting 2.5 million pounds of copper and
another facility (with the same parent company)
reporting 1.7 million pounds of ethylene glycol.
Both forms were for transfers to recycling. New
York ranked second for transfers off-site for further
waste management with 3.7 million pounds
(17.4%). One New York facility reported
transferring 1.3 million pounds of chromium off-
site to recycling. Pennsylvania ranked third with
2.8 million pounds (13.0%).
600
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                                                       Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing


Table 16-6.  Summary of TRI Information by State, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39
State
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Total for SIC Code 39
Total
Facilities
Number
7
5
4
19
3
5
1
9
8
1
27
22
6
3
6
1
4
15
11
4
7
2
2
2
1
12
17
12
2
18
3
4
24
2
26
7
5
10
14
4
3
7
1
16
362
Total
Forms
Number
16
8
8
37
5
11
1
10
22
1
48
74
10
9
17
1
5
33
26
5
17
9
6
5
3
22
42
18
4
53
7
4
68
2
41
10
6
29
20
6
5
8
2
32
766
Form As
Number
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
2
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
1
1
0
5
0
0
1
0
1
0
13
0
0
3
0
8
0
1
0
3
1
0
2
0
0
56
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
197,220
169,238
172,314
256,958
64
56,251
1,912
96,899
86,669
2,350
317,960
1,557,189
115,660
167,165
439,463
22,637
1,010
133,433
359,173
53,290
408,931
43,312
42,077
0
48,800
55,247
329,397
102,739
46,213
356,104
260
39,966
1,228,573
548,017
62,330
377,040
34,763
462,859
21,887
21,407
515,449
38,148
750
439,651
9,430,775
Total
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
0
4,396
0
9,149
250
30,750
0
0
13,304
0
55,992
88,917
0
0
93,942
0
0
28,648
4,955
0
0
5,130
0
0
0
31,972
80,193
14,028
0
935
1,792
1,785
347,908
0
1,150
7,352
0
1,705
750
0
0
1,670
0
12,610
839,283
Total
Total Total Other Transfers
On- and On-site Off-site for
Off-site Waste Further Waste
Releases Management Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
197,220
173,634
172,314
266,107
314
87,001
1,912
96,899
99,973
2,350
373,952
1,646,106
115,660
167,165
533,405
22,637
1,010
162,081
364,128
53,290
408,931
48,442
42,077
0
48,800
87,219
409,590
116,767
46,213
357,039
2,052
41,751
1,576,481
548,017
63,480
384,392
34,763
464,564
22,637
21,407
515,449
39,818
750
452,261
10,270,058
74,150
12,947
0
266,855
3,209,773
23,330
0
98,006
2,815,027
0
9,765
36,927
22,550
38,902
0
0
1,055,336
2,141,454
943,260
40,818
26,470
0
31,557
0
0
338,427
4,593,116
153,266
5,188
3,282,691
41,400
0
2,868,099
1,373,651
231,441
66,741
0
31,463
0
590,000
169,862
19,000
2,145
52,430
24,666,047
228,479
136,629
17,239
224,500
367,796
23,125
0
16,333
4,622,481
0
862,192
2,127,414
17,900
18,984
179,388
0
100,280
436,057
267,080
41,558
42,258
15,134
2,250
26,121
1,500
199,260
3,745,642
804,676 .
0
2,597,196
44,922
7,000
2,793,256
0
301,971
12,685
25,293
573,869
54,640
55,966
17,180
74,771
255
383,087
21,466,367
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
585,348
317,869
176,983
705,996
3,737,443
132,391
1,912
209,977
7,506,080
2,353
1,465,854
3,931,043
161,320
223,177
710,835
22,637
1,152,833
2,763,297
1,595,156
135,666
476,284
58,461
75,884
37,319
49,300
705,020
8,855,761
1,417,724
51,140
6,231,975
87,949
48,751
7,625,301
1,921,668
610,313
462,666
59,046
1,067,331
88,711
662,127
594,757
133,254
2,955
778,634
57,640,501
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
530
0
0
0
0
3,164
5,568
1,110
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,100
0
1,227
0
0
0
0
500
11
0
0
15
10
0
0
0
11,302
24,537
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. On-site Waste Management from Section 8 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site
to disposal) of Form R.  Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Total
Production-related Waste sums Section 8 (Current Year, Column B) of Form R, except: Non-production-related Waste (remedial/catastrophic incidents). One
facility in Colorado reported incorrectly under SIC code 39 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 34. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 30 pounds of
total releases, 3,209,773 pounds of other on-site waste management, 207,776 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste management and 3,417,119 pounds of
total production-related waste.  The on-site waste management rank for Colorado changes from 3 to last. The total production-related waste rank for Colorado
changes from 6 to 25. Another facility in Ohio incorrectly reported under SIC code 39 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 37. The incorrectly reported amounts
were as follows:  2,738 pounds of total releases, 2,867,591 pounds of other on-site waste management, 2,506,231 pounds of transfers off-site for further waste
management and 5,376,558 pounds of total production-related waste. The on-site waste management rank for Ohio changes from 2 to 10.  The transfers off-site for
further waste management rank for Ohio changes from 4 to 19. The total production-related waste rank for Ohio changes from 4 to 12.
                                                                                                                                    601
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          Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
                                                                                             •o
                                                                                              o

                                                                                             I
                                                                                             I
                                                                                             00
                                                                                             I
                                                                                             I
                                                                                             £
                                                                                             I
602
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                                      Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Table 16-7. The 15 Chemicals with the Largest Total On-site and Off-site Releases, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing,
SIC Code 39 (in Rank Order)
CAS
Number
108-88-3
78-93-3
1330-20-7
75-09-2
100-42-5
108-10-1
—
117-81-7
79-01-6
110-54-3
71-36-3
110-82-7
127-18-4
67-56-1
—


Chemical
Toluene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Xylene (mixed isomers)
Dichloromeihane
Styrene
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Glycol ethers
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Trichloroethylene
n-Hexane
n-Butyl alcohol
CycJohexane
Tetrachloroethylene
Methanol
Zinc compounds
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 39
Surface Underground Injection
Total Air Water Class I Class II- V
Emissions Discharges Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
3,210,545
1,016,787
1,010,266
870,901
859,291
424,351
402,624
22,306
312,990
206,320
191,037
140,363
130,808
124,283
7,259
8,930,131
9,408,265
1
0
6
5
250
0
265
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
57
584
2,364
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
0
10,688
0
0
519
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11,207
11,957
169
0
0
0
0
0
265
162
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,755
7,351
8,189
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
3,210,715
1,027,475
1,010,272
870,906
860,060
424,351
403,154
22,468
312,990
206,320
191,037
140,363
130,808
124,283
14,071
8,949,273
9,430,775
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
6,655
3,935
1,994
0
900
3,105
0
358,638
0
0
0
0
0
15
95,130
470,372
839,283
Total On-
and OK-site
Releases
Pounds
3,217,370
1,031,410
1,012,266
870,906
860,960
427,456
403,154
381,106
312,990
206,320
191,037
140,363
130,808
124,298
109,201
9,419,645
10,270,058
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R.
 The sector's production-related waste totaled 8.9
 million pounds in New York, 7.6 million pounds in
 Pennsylvania, and 7.5 million pounds in Georgia.
 These top three states represented 15.4%, 13.2%,
 and 13.0%, respectively, of the sector's total
 production-related waste.
 Map 16-1 illustrates the geographic distribution of
 total on- and off-site releases in the miscellaneous
 manufacturing sector.

 1996 TRI Data by
 Chemical for
 Miscellaneous
 Manufacturing
 In 1996, the miscellaneous manufacturing sector
 reported larger total on- and off-site releases for
 toluene than for any other chemical, 3.2 million
 pounds. The sector reported comparable amounts
 for the second- and third-ranked chemicals: 1.03
 million pounds of methyl ethyl ketone and 1.01
 million pounds of xylenes. Air emissions accounted
 for 98% or more of the releases reported for these
three chemicals and for 10 others among the top 15.
Table 16-7 presents the top 15 chemicals for total
on- and off-site releases reported by the
miscellaneous manufacturing sector in 1996.

As indicated earlier, three industries in this sector
reported large air emissions of toluene.
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries (SIC code
3999) reported 1.0 million pounds, including
545,000 pounds by one facility. The burial caskets
industry (SIC code 3995) reported 993,000 pounds,
including 214,000 pounds by one facility. The
miscellaneous sporting and athletic goods industry
(SIC code 3949) reported 718,000 pounds,
including 402,000 pounds by one facility. Toluene
is used in wood finishing and metal cutting
processes that also apply in casket manufacturing.
Production processes that use toluene in the
manufacture of some sporting and athletic goods
are the same as some processes used in the rubber
and plastics sector.

Off-site releases (transfers to disposal) constituted
the majority of the sector's reported releases for
two of the top 15 chemicals: di-(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate (359,000 pounds, mostly by one facility
                                                                                            603
-------
           Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Table 16-8. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Miscellaneous
Manufacturing, SIC Code 39 (in Rank Order)
SIC
Cede
3W
39%
3949
3931
3993
3914
3965
3951
3953
3995
3952
3911

3991
3944



Industry
Manufacturing Industries, ncc*
Hard Surface ROOT Coverings, ncc*
Spotting & Athletic Goods, nee*
Musical Instruments
Signs & Advertising Specialities
Silverware & Plated Ware
!%Mcncn, Buttons, Needles, & Pins
Few & Mechanical Pencils
Marking Devices
Burial CaskcU
Lead Pencils & An Goods
Jewelry, Precious Metal
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 39
Brooms & Brushes
Games, Toys, & Children's Vehicles
Multiple within SIC Code 39
Subtotal
Total for SIC Code 39
On-site Land Releases
Surface Underground Injection RCRA Other
Total Air Water Class I Class II-V Subtitle C On-site Land
Emissions Discharges Wells Wells Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds Pounds 'Pounds Pounds Pounds
1,328,693
31,470
330,153
137,611
97,389
77,639
57,308
47,805
45,220
20,463
20,980
10,374
3,107
1,255
1,100
66
2,210,633
9,408,265
5
0
440
0
0
568
116
0
0
0
0
0
41
0
0
0
1,170
2,364
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
519
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
519
11,957
0
162
395
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
557
8,189
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
1,328,698
31,632
331,507
137,611
97,389
78,207
57,424
47,805
45,220
20,463
20,980
10,374
3,148
1,255
1,100
66
2,212,879
9,430,775
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
49,390
358,638
5,650
33,600
0
7,456
0
0
0
2,681
0
0
0
0
0
0
457,415
839,283
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases i>
Pounds °
1,378,088
390,270
337,157
171,211
97,389
85,663
57,424
47,805
45,220
23,144
20,980
10,374
3,148
1,255
1,100
66
2,670,294
10,270,058
Note: On-sltc Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit
SK code within SIC code 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 in SIC code 3996) and zinc compounds (95,000
 pounds).

 OSHA Carcinogens

 As shown in Table 16-8, the miscellaneous
 manufacturing sector reported total releases in 1996
 of 2.7 million pounds of chemicals designated as
 OSHA carcinogens, or one-fourth (26.0%) of all
 releases reported in this sector in 1996. (OSHA
 carcinogens and the bases for then: designation
 appear in Box 1-9 in Chapter 1.) Reported releases
 of OSHA carcinogens amounted to one-fourth
 (23.5%) of the sector's total air emissions, but more
 than half (54.5%) of all off-site releases (transfers
 to disposal) reported by this sector.

 Five of the top 15 chemicals for total releases
 reported by this sector were OSHA carcinogens.
 These were dichloromethane with releases totaling
 871,000 pounds, styrene with 861,000 pounds, di-
 (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate with 381,000 pounds,
 trichloroethylene with 313,000 pounds, and
 tetrachloroethylene with 131,000 pounds (see Table

 604
16-7). Reported releases of these OSHA
carcinogens consisted almost entirely of air
emissions, except for di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate,
largely reported as off-site releases (transfers to
disposal).

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries (SIC code
3999) ranked first in this sector for releases of
OSHA carcinogens and reported air emissions of
1.3 million pounds of these chemicals, including
much of the dichloromethane (590,000 pounds) and
styrene (554,000 pounds). The miscellaneous hard
surface floor coverings industry (SIC code 3996)
ranked second with 359,000 pounds of off-site
releases (transfers to disposal). As noted, one
facility in this industry reported transfers to
disposal of 329,000 pounds of di-(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate.

Figure 16-7 shows the on- and off-site releases of
the four-digit SIC codes with the largest OSHA
carcinogen releases.
-------
                                      Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturin,
                1,600,000
                1,400,000-
                1,200,000-
                1,000,000-
              •o
              §  800,000 -
                 600,000 -
                 400,000 -
                 200,000 -
           D Transfers Off-site to Disposal
           Q Other On-site Land Releases
           m RCRA Subtitle C Landfills
           ID UIJ, Class II-V Wells
           B UIJ, Class I Wells
           • Surface Water
                           3999
                                       3996
                                                   3949
                                                              3931
                                                                          3993
        Figure 16-7. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases of OSHA Carcinogens, SIC Codes with
                 Largest Totals, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases from Section 6 (off-site transfers to disposal) of Form R. UIJ = underground injection.
 1996 TRI Chemicals in
 Waste for  Miscellaneous
 Manufacturing

 Table 16-9 and Figure 16-8 present waste
 management data for all industries in SIC code 39.
 The miscellaneous manufacturing sector reported
 production-related waste totaling 57.6 million
 pounds in 1996. The sector reported 18.5 million
 pounds (32.0% of total production-related waste) as
 off-site recycling and another 16.5 million pounds
 (28.7%) as on-site recycling. Among waste
 management options, quantities released on- and
 off-site ranked third in this sector with 10.8 million
 pounds (18.8% ). Other waste management options
 accounted for less than 10% each of the sector's
 total production-related waste.
The fasteners, buttons, needles, and pins industry
(SIC code 3965) reported one-fourth (26.3%) of the
sector's off-site recycling, with 4.9 million pounds.
The silverware and plated ware (SIC code 3914)
industry ranked second with 3.3 million pounds
(18.1%), followed by the forms reporting invalid
SIC codes within SIC code 39, explained earlier in
this chapter, with 2.9 million pounds (15.5%).
Forms reporting invalid SIC codes include 2.5
million pounds of off-site recycling reported by the
facility that should have reported in SIC code 3714.
Taking into account this error, the burial caskets
industry (SIC code 3995) would rank third, with 2.2
million pounds.

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries (SIC code
3999) reported the largest on-site recycling, with
5.2 million pounds (31.5%), but as noted this
included 3.0 million pounds of zinc compounds by
a facility that should have reported in SIC code
                                                                                            605
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            Chapter 16 — TRI Data lor Miscellaneous Manufacturing
                                                          As noted earlier, the carbon paper and inked ribbon
                                                          industry (SIC code 3955) reported almost all of the
                                                          sector's on-site energy recovery in 1996. This
                                                          industry reported 3.3 million pounds, which was
                                                          98.2% of the sector's total. This industry also
                                                             Quantity Released
                                                                  18.8%
                                                                                                   On-site Waste
                                                                                                    Management
                                                                                                      42.8%
 3499. The forms with invalid SIC codes reported
 2.9 million pounds (17.4%), which should have
 been reported in SIC code 3714. The fasteners,
 buttons, needles, and pins industry reported 2.8
 million pounds (17.0%) and would rank first for
 on-site recycling when these errors are taken into
 account. As noted above, the signs and advertising
 specialties industry (SIC code 3993) would rank
 second with 2.1 million pounds, and the
 miscellaneous sporting and athletic goods industry
 (SIC code 3949) would rank third with  1.2 million
 pounds.

 For quantities released on- and off-site, the
 miscellaneous manufacturing industries  (SIC code
 3999) reported this sector's largest amounts,
 totaling 3.5 million pounds  (31.9% of the sector's
 total), the burial caskets industry (SIC code 3995)
 reported the second-largest  amount, 2.3 million
 pounds (21.2%). The miscellaneous sporting and
 athletic goods industry (SIC code 3949)  ranked
 third, reporting 2.0 million pounds (18.1%).
                        1 •""            '                     '                ' '    I   '
Table 16-9. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by 4-digit SIC Code, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39
(fn Rank Order)
                                                           Off-site Waste
                                                            Management
                                                              38.4%
                                                                 Figure 16-8.  Distribution of TRI Production-
                                                              related Waste, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing
                                                                              (SIC Code 39)
                                                          Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R.
SIC
Cede
3999
3965
3955

3949
399S
39M
3993
ym
3931
39S1
3944
3911
3915
3953
3991

3952
3961

Industry
Manufacturing Industries, nee*
Fasteners, Buttons, Needles, & Pins
Carbon Paper & Inked Ribbons
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 39
Sporting & Athletic Goods, nee*
Burial Caskets
Silverware & Fitted Ware
Signs & Advertising Specialities
Hud Surface Floor Coverings, nee*
Musical Instruments
Pen* & Mechanical Pencils
Games, Toys, & Children's Vehicles
Jewelry, Precious Metal
Jewelers' Materials & Lapidary Work
Marking Devices
Brooms & Brushes
Multiple within SIC Code 39
Lewi Pencils & Art Goods
Cojtume Jewelry
Tow! for SIC Code 39
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
5,200,553
2,803,777
257,181
2,869,736
1,230,154
12,486
201,557
2,098,136
837,196
946,313
17,622
22,250
19,840
0
1,422
0
5,884
0
9,150
16,533,257
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
3,303,299
0
31,230
0
0
0
0
0
24,508
0
0
3,300
0
0
0
0
0
3,362,337
Treated
On-site
Pounds
1,370,332
8,866
1,726,874
18,000
669,210
0
129,794
49,161
355,436
58,493
0
103,300
113,500
20,052
0
140,400
7,035
0
0
4,770,453
Recycled
Off-site
Pounds
1,610,127
4,850,068
520,000
2,866,773
1,243,677
2,216,905
3,345,475
901,950
80,242
185,740
204,304
23,204
31,326
192,647
0
0
39,886
129,460
19,810
18,461,594
Energy
Recovery
Off-site
Pounds
1,340,773
9,499
120,184
0
52,426
256,990
3,000
76,877
398,740
27,120
109,547
60,730
0
0
30,196
0
23,690
0
233
2,510,005
Treated
Off-site
Pounds
127,702
123,345
171,505
25
247,909
40,559
34,005
53,927
181,190
38,908
32,324
0
1,881
500
110,162
1,590
14,253
0
707
1,180,492
Quantity
Released
On- and
Off-site
Pounds
3,456,873
118,183
542,719
402,120
1,958,474
2,297,576
118,428
237,137
733,347
364,852
116,056
227,635
70,063
3,094
49,721
24,107
68,296
21,571
12,111
10,822,363
Total Non-
Production- Production-
related related
Waste Waste
Pounds Pounds
13,106,360
7,913,738
6,641,762
6,156,654
5,433,080
4,824,516
3,832,259
3,417,188
2,586,151
1,621,426
504,361
437,119
236,610
219,593
191,501
166,097
159,044
151,031
42,011
57,640,501
2,327
0
0
1,110
3,200
530
5,568
11,302
0
0
0
0
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
24,537
Note: Daia from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility
reported incorrectly under SIC code 3999 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 3499. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 3,209,200 pounds of recycling
on-site and 3,417,119 pounds of total production-related waste. The rank of SIC code 3999 for recycling on-site changes from 1 to 4. Another facility incorrectly
reported under mn invalid SIC code within SIC code 39 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 3714. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 2,867,591
pounds of recycling on-site, 2,490,479 pounds of recycling off-site, 18,488 of quantity released and 5,376,558 pounds of total production-related waste. The total
producdon-relmted waste rank for invalid SIC code within SIC code 39 changes from 4 to 10.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 606
-------
                                        Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
reported the largest on-site treatment, 1.7 million
pounds, or 36.2%, followed by miscellaneous
manufacturing industries (SIC code 3999) with 1.4
million pounds (28.7%) and miscellaneous sporting
and athletic goods (SIC code 3949) with 669,000
pounds (14.0%).

The miscellaneous manufacturing industries (SIC
code 3999) reported more than half (53.4%) of the
sector's total for off-site energy recovery with 1.3
million pounds. The miscellaneous hard surface
floor coverings industry (SIC code 3996) ranked
second in this category, reporting 399,000 pounds
(15.9%), and the burial caskets industry (SIC code
3995) ranked third, reporting 257,000 pounds
(10.2%).

The miscellaneous sporting and athletic goods
industry (SIC code 3949) reported 248,000 pounds
of off-site treatment, which was 21.0% of the
sector's total in this category. The miscellaneous
hard surface floor coverings industry (SIC code
3996) ranked second with 181,000 pounds (15.3%).
The carbon paper and inked ribbons industry (SIC
code 3955) ranked third with 172,000 pounds
(14.5%).

Distribution of production-related waste for the top
industries in the sector appears in Figure 16-9.

Projected Quantities of TRI
Chemicals in Waste

The miscellaneous manufacturing sector projected
little net change in production-related waste from
1996, when the sector reported a total of 57.6
million pounds, to 1998, when it projected a total of
57.4 million pounds. This projection would
represent a 0.5% decrease. The miscellaneous
manufacturing sector's projections of waste
management data through  1998  appear in Table
16-10. (As explained in Chapter 1, facilities not
                                                                     H Quantity Released
                                                                     • Treated Off-site
                                                                     M Energy Recovery Off-site
                                                                     D Recycled Off-site
                                                                     B Treated On-site
                                                                     B Energy Recovery On-site
                                                                     ffl Recycled On-site
                  3999  3965  3955  Invalid  3949   3995  3914  3993  3996  3931
               Figure 16-9.  Distribution of Production-related Waste, SIC Codes with
                  Largest Totals, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)
 Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Invalid SIC codes are codes beginning "39" that do not exist in the current Standard Industrial Classification code system.
 One facility reported incorrectly under an invalid SIC code within SIC code 39 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 3714. The incorrectly reported amount was
 5,376,558 pounds of total production-related waste. The rank for invalid SIC code within SIC code 39 changes from 4 to 10.
                                                                                                  607
-------
           Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
 only report current data but project waste
 management quantities for the next two years in
 their TRI submissions.)

 The sector projected an 8.2% reduction in
 quantities released on- and off-site, from 10.8
 million pounds in 1996 to 9.9 million pounds in
 1998, the largest projected decrease in both pounds
 and percent. The sector also expected a 4.3%
reduction in offcsite recycling, from 18.5 million
pounds to 17.7 million pounds. Together, these two
projected decreases would amount to a reduction of
1.7 million pounds from 1996 to 1998.

A smaller reduction was also projected in off-site
treatment, from 1.2 million pounds to 1.1 million
pounds (a 7.8% decrease). The  sector projected
essentially no change in off-site energy recovery.
Table 16-10. Current Year and Projected Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1996-1998:  Miscellaneous Manufacturing,
SIC Code 39
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled On-sitc
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Off-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 39
Waste Management Activity
Do-site Waste Manaeement
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Pff-si(e Waste Maniaejnent
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste for
SIC Code 39
Current Year 1996
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
16,533,257 28.7
3,362,337 5.8
4,770,453 8.3
18,461,594 32.0
2,510,005 4.4
1,180,492 2.0
10,822,363 18.8
57,640,501 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1997
Percent
-1.9
9.7
5.5
-1.0
4.2
-8.3
-6.2
-1.2
Projected 1997
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
16,218,327 28.4
3,687,600 6.5
5,030,925 8.8
18,283,897 32.0
2,616,519 4.6
1,082,775 1.9
10,156,678 17.8
57,076,721 100.0
Projected Change
1997-1998
Percent
4.2
13.7
0.9
-3.4
13.7
0.9
-2.1
0.5
Projected 1998
Total Percent
Pounds of Total
16,901,445 29.5
4,192,884 7.3
5,078,412 8.9
17,662,211 30.8
2,505,492 4.4
1,088,925 1.9
9,940,334 17.3
57,369,703 100.0
Projected Change
1996-1998
Percent
2.2
24.7
6.5
-4.3
-0.2
-7.8
-8.2
-0.5
Note: Currcnl year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
 608
-------
                                        Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
          _  0
                    On-site Waste
                     Management
Off-site Waste
 Management
 Quantity Released
On-site and Off-site
Total Production-
 related Waste
            Figure 16-10.  Projected Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in
                   Waste, 1996-1998:  Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)
Note: Current year and projected year amounts are all taken from Section 8 of Form R for 1996.
 The sector projected its largest increase, in pounds
 and percent, in on-site energy recovery, from 3.4
 million pounds to 4.2 million pounds, or 24.7%.
 Increases were also projected in on-site recycling,
 from 16.5 million pounds to  16.9 million pounds (a
 2.2% increase) and in on-site treatment, from 4.8
 million pounds to 5.1 million pounds (a 6.5%
 increase). These projected increases would total an
 increase of 1.5 million pounds.

 Figure 16-10 illustrates the projected percentage
 changes in on-site waste management, off-site
 waste management, quantities released on- and off-
 site, and total production-related waste.

 The miscellaneous manufacturing sector's
 projections primarily indicate changes in where,
 rather than how, the sector expects to manage its
 TRI chemicals in waste. The projected data do,
 however, represent some potential improvement in
 the sector's management of TRI chemicals in
 waste. Quantities released would decrease as a
              percentage of total production-related waste (from
              18.8% in 1996 to 17.3% in 1998, as shown in Table
              16-10). Energy recovery (on-site and off-site)
              would increase somewhat as a proportion of
              production-related waste. In terms of the waste
              management hierarchy, explained in Chapter 1,
              energy recovery is a more desirable option than
              releases for waste that cannot be prevented.

              Source Reduction Activity

              The miscellaneous manufacturing sector submitted
              195 forms that indicated one or more source
              reduction activities underway in 1996, as shown in
              Table 16-11. These forms represented one-fourth
              (25.5%) of all forms submitted by the sector. The
              miscellaneous manufacturing industries (SIC code
              3999) submitted 52 of these forms, the largest
              number submitted by any industry in this sector.
              This number amounted to one-fifth (21.1%) of the
              forms submitted in SIC code 3999. The
              miscellaneous sporting and athletic goods industry
                                                                                               609
-------
          Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing


Table 16-11. Number of Forms Reporting Source Reduction Activity, 1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39
Forms Reporting
Source Reduction
Activities
SIC
Code
3911
3914
3915
3931
3944
3949
3951
3952
3953
3955
3941
3965
3991
3993
3995
39%
3999



Total
Industry Forms
Number
Jewelry, Predoia Metal
Silverware & Plated Ware
Jcwete" Materials & Lapidary Work
Musical Instruments
Grows, Toy*, & Children's Vehicles
Sporting & Athletic Goods, nee*
PCM & Mechanical Pencils
Lctd Pencils & An Goods
Marking Devices
Carbon Paper & Inked Ribbons
Costume Jewelry
Fasteners, Buttons, Needles, & Pins
Broom & Brushes
Signs & Advertising Specialities
Burial Caskets
Hard Surface Floor Coverings, nee*
Manufacturing Industries, nee*
MttWpfe within SIC Code 39
Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 39
Total for SIC Code 39
25
33
14
30
21
123
23
8
11
14
9
23
6
29
90
32
245
15
15
766
Percent of O,
AH Forms P
Number Percent
7
6
3
10
5
31
7
0
3
12
1
4
2
10
29
8
52
5
0
195
28.0
18.2
21.4
33.3
23.8
25.2
30.4
0.0
27.3
85.7
11.1
17.4
33.3
34.5
32.2
25.0
21.2
33.3
0.0
25.5
Cateeorv of Source Reduction Activity
Raw Surface
Good Spill Material Process Cleaning Preparation Product
jcrating Inventory and Leak Modifi- Modifl- and and Modifl-
ractices Control Prevention cations cations Degreasing Finishing cations
Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number
2
1
2
1
3
13
3
0
3
12
0
2
2
3
16
3
17
1
0
84
3
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
17
0
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
1
0
3
8
0
0
21
0
2
1
0
2
8
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
5
14
1
8
5
0
48
3
2
0
0
0
4
2
0
0
4
0

0
0
3
6
18
1
0
44
4
1
0
3
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
16
0
0
0
6
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
7
0
5
1
0
23
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
8
0
0
15
Note: Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within code 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*««:: IHM elsewhere classified.
 (SIC code 3949) submitted the second-largest total,
 31 forms, or one-fourth (25.2%) of that industry's
 forms. The burial caskets industry (SIC code 3995)
 ranked third with 29, nearly one-third (32.2%) of
 that industry's forms.
 Improved operating practices were the most
 frequently cited source reduction activity, reported
 on 84 forms, as shown in Table 16-11. Raw
 material modifications appeared on 48 forms, and
 process modifications on 44 forms.

 Year-to-Year
 Comparisons for
 Miscellaneous
 Manufacturing

 1995-1996 TRI Data for Miscellaneous
 Manufacturing
 The number of forms submitted by the
 miscellaneous manufacturing sector decreased from
 610
813 in 1995 to 766 in 1996, a 5.8% reduction, as
shown in Table 16-12. The sector submitted
relatively few Form As, but these increased 19.1%
from 47 in 1995 to 56 in 1996. (The Form A
certification statement is explained in Chapter 1.)
This may reflect more widespread awareness of the
Form A certification statement in its second year of
availability.

On- and Off-site Releases

Total  on- and off-site releases reported by the
miscellaneous manufacturing sector, decreased
25.9%, from 13.9 million pounds in 1995 to 10.3
million pounds in 1996, as shown in Table  16-12.
Approximately two-thirds of the overall 3.6
million-pound reduction was reported in air
emissions. The sector reported a 20.2% reduction in
air emissions, from 11.8 million pounds in  1995 to
9.4 million pounds in 1996. Both fugitive and
point-source emissions decreased, as shown in
Table 16-12. The remaining one-third of the overall
reduction was reported as a decrease in off-site
releases  (transfers to disposal), which decreased
-------
                                                      Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Table 16-12.  Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site
for Further Waste Management, 1995-1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39



Total Facilities
Total Forms
Form Rs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1995
Number
367
813
766
47
Pounds

11,794,890
3,751,675
8,043,215
2,005
0
18,818
11,815,713

2,053,205
13,868,918

13,537,716
2,598,693
6,027,332
22,163,741

15,956,147
2,918,970
601,499
846,029
2,140
20,324,785

1996
Number
362
766
710
56
Pounds

9,408,265
1,929,982
7,478,283
2,364
0
20,146
9,430,775

839,283
10,270,058

16,533,257
3,362,337
4,770,453
24,666,047

17,835,260
2,479,411
516,301
635,395
0
21,466,367
Change
1995 to 1996
Percent
-1.4
-5.8
-7.3
19.1
Percent

-20.2
-48.6
-7.0
17.9
—
7.1
-20.2

-59.1
-25.9

22.1
29.4
-20.9
11.3

11.8
-15.1
-14.2
-24.9
-100.0
5.6
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste
Management from Section 8 of Form R.  Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of
Form R. Breakdown of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995. Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid
waste management code. One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code 39 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 37. The incorrectly reported amounts were
3,209,200 pounds of recycling on-site and 3,209,773 pounds of total other on-site waste management. Another facility incorrectly reported under SIC code 39 for
1995 and 1996. The correct SIC code is 37. The incorrectly reported amounts for 1995 were as follows: 3,270,607 pounds of recycling on-site, 3,270,607 pounds
of total other on-site waste management, 2,602,832 pounds of transfers to recycling and 2,614,809 pounds of total transfers off-site for further waste management.
The incorrectly reported amounts for 1996 were as follows: 2,867,591 pounds of recycling on-site, 2,867,591 pounds of total on-site waste management,
2,490,481 pounds of transfers to recycling and 2,506,231 pounds of total transfers off-site for further waste management. Accounting for these two facility errors,
the percentage change in recycling on-site changes from 22.1% to 1.8%, in total other on-site waste management changes from 11.3% to -14.9%, in transfers to
recycling changes from 11.8% to 14.9% and in total transfers off-site for further waste management changes from 5.6% to 7.1%.
                                                                                                                                 611
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          Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
59.1% from 2.1 million pounds in 1995 to 839,000
pounds in 1996. Much of the reduction in off-site
releases reflects a decrease in off-site releases of di-
(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. One facility in SIC code
3996 (miscellaneous hard surface floor coverings),
mentioned earlier, reported 1.2 million pounds of
off-site releases of this chemical in 1995 and
329,000 pounds in 1996.

The sector reported very small amounts of on-site
releases to surface waters and to land in 1995 and
1996. Increases in these two release types totaled
less than 2,000 pounds.

Figure 16-11 illustrates the percentage change in
on- and off-site releases reported by the
miscellaneous manufacturing sector from 1995 to
1996.

Other On-site Waste Management

The miscellaneous manufacturing sector reported
22.2 million pounds of other on-site waste
management in  1995 and 24.7 million pounds in
1996, as shown in Table 16-12. This constituted an
11.3% increase. The sector reported an increase in
on-site recycling from 13.5 million pounds to  16.5
million pounds, or 22.1%. Most of this increase
consisted of a 2.7 million-pound increase by the
facility, mentioned earlier in this chapter, that
should have reported in SIC code 3499. Without
this reporting error, on-site recycling would show
an increase of 1.8% and total other on-site waste
management would show a decrease of 14.9%. The
miscellaneous manufacturing sector also reported
an increase in on-site energy recovery, from 2.6
million pounds to 3.4 million pounds or 29.4%.
These increases were partly offset by a reduction in
on-site treatment from 6.0 million pounds to 4.8
million pounds, or 20.9%.

Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
Management

Transfers off-site for further waste management
increased from 20.3 million pounds in 1995 to 21.5
million pounds in 1996, as shown in Table 16-12.
This 5.6% increase reflected an 11.8% increase in
transfers to recycling (from 16.0 million pounds to
17.8 million pounds), partly offset by reductions in
other transfer types. Without the reporting errors
previously mentioned, the increase in total transfers
off-site for further waste management would be
7.1% and the increase in transfers to recycling
would be 14.9%. The sector reported a reduction in
transfers to energy recovery from 2.9 million
pounds in 1995 to 2.5 million pounds in 1996 (a
15.1% reduction). Transfers to treatment decreased
14.2% from 601,000 pounds to 516,000 pounds,
and transfers to POTWs decreased 24.9% from
846,000 pounds to 635,000 pounds.

1988-1996 TRI Data for Miscellaneous
Manufacturing

As explained in Chapter 1, comparisons from the
1988 TRI baseline year to the current year rely on
the list of "core" TRI chemicals that were
reportable, with the same reporting definition, in all
years. These multi-year comparisons also review
only the data elements that were collected in all
years, which excludes from this section any
analysis that distinguishes RCRA subtitle C
landfills from other land releases as well as analysis
based on the types of underground injection wells.
On-site waste management data and transfers off-
site to recycling and to energy recovery have been
collected only since 1991; these data are included,
but cannot be compared across the full 1988-1996
period.

The number of forms reporting miscellaneous
manufacturing SIC codes dropped 24.0% from 867
in 1988 to 659 in 1996, as presented in Table 16-
13. On- and ofNsite releases of the 1988-1996
"core" chemicals decreased by 69.8%, or 22.7
million pounds, and decreases occurred in all
release media, as shown in Figure 16-12.
612
-------
                                        Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
                    Air
                                 Surface
                                  Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
 Transfers
  Off-site
to Disposal
           Figure 16-11. Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1995-1996:
                            Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases not required in 1995.
Reductions in air emissions accounted for most of
the overall decrease. The sector reported decreases
from 1988 to 1996 of 80.8% (from 9.1 million
pounds to 1.7 million pounds) in fugitive emissions
and 61.9% (from 19.1 million pounds to 7.3 million
pounds) in point-source emissions. The  reduction in
off-site releases (transfers to disposal) amounted to
80.9% (from 4.1 million pounds to 785,000
pounds), again reflecting a decrease in transfers to
disposal of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by one
facility (see "Facilities with Large Increases and
Decreases in Releases, 1988-1996," below).

The sector reported small amounts of surface water
discharges, underground injection, and on-site land
releases,  all with reductions from 1988 to 1996.
    On-site waste management and transfers off-site for
    recycling or energy recovery were not collected in
    1988. For the 1994-1996 period, other on-site waste
    management activities reported by the
    miscellaneous manufacturing sector showed an
    increase of 566,000 pounds, from 23.3 million
    pounds to 23.9 million pounds. These data also
    appear in Table 16-13. The sector reported an
    increase from 2.2 million pounds to 3.4 million
    pounds in on-site energy recovery. Amounts
    reported for on-site recycling decreased from 16.8
    million pounds to 16.2 million pounds. However,
    on-site recycling amounts for 1994 to 1996 include
    an increase from zero pounds to 3.2 million pounds
    by the facility that reported SIC code 3999 in error
    (instead of SIC code 3499). The sector also
    reported a small reduction in on-site treatment in
    1996.
                                                                                                 613
-------
               Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Table 16-13. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Other On-site Waste Management, and Transfers Off-site
for Further Waste Management, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39



Total Facilities
Total Forms
FormRs
Form As

On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air
Point Source Air
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-sitc Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Transfers Off-site to Disposal
Total On- and Off-site Releases
Other Qn-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total Other On-site Waste Management
Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management
Transfers to Recycling
Transfers to Energy Recovery
Transfers to Treatment
Transfers to POTWs
Other Off-site Transfers
Total Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management

1988
Number
391
867
867
NA
Pounds

28,213,814
9,086,683
19,127,131
8,076
1
260,421
28,482,312

4,110,398
32,592,710

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
5,060,326
286,025
369,598
NA

1994
Number
356
725
725
NA
Pounds

13,873,708
3,910,089
9,963,619
1,479
250
10,323
13,885,760

1,464,408
15,350,168

16,760,689
2,195,201
4,339,879
23,295,769

18,360,745
2,772,212
832,811
473,115
19,107
22,457,990

1995
Number
333
689
670
19
Pounds

11,332,461
3,501,401
7,831,060
1,646
0
5,595
11,339,702

1,946,153
13,285,855

13,528,305
2,598,693
5,114,534
21,241,532

15,943,140
2,908,242
572,659
439,136
2,140
19,865,317

1996
Number
327
659
628
31
Pounds

9,036,184
1,747,636
7,288,548
1,996
0
20,146
9,058,326

785,077
9,843,403

16,183,601
3,362,337
4,316,265
23,862,203

17,806,220
2,444,745
490,100
298,349
0
21,039,414
Change
1988 to 1996
Percent
-16.4
-24.0
-27.6
NA
Percent

-68.0
-80.8
-61.9
-75.3
-100.0
-92.3
-68.2

-80.9
-69.8

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
-90.3
4.3
-100.0
NA
Note: Does not include dclistcd chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-slte Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other On-site Waste Management
from Section 8 of form R. Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown
of Underground Injection and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996. For 1994-1996, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste
management code.  For 1988, Other Off-site Transfers are transfers reported without a valid waste management code or codes not required to be reported in 1988.
One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code 39 for 1996.  The correct SIC code is 34. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows:  3,209,200 pounds of
recycling on-site and 3,209,773 pounds of other on-site waste management. Another facility incorrectly reported under SIC code 39 for 1995 and 1996. The
correct SIC code is 37. The incorrectly reported amounts for 1995 were as follows: 3,270,607 pounds of recycling on-site, 3,270,607 pounds of total other on-site
waste management, 2,602,832 pounds of transfers to recycling and 2,614,809 pounds of total transfers off-site for further waste management.  The incorrectly
repotted amounts for 1996 were as follows: 2,867,591 pounds of recycling on-site, 2,867,591 pounds of total on-site waste management, 2,490,481 pounds of
WUisfcB to recycling and 2,506,231 pounds of total transfers off-site for further waste management.
NA: not requited to be reported in that year.
 614
-------
                                         Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
       -20 -
       -40 -
       -60-
       -80 •
      -100
      -120
                                  Surface
                                   Water
Underground
   Injection
 On-site
   Land
Releases
 Transfers
  Off-site
to Disposal
           Figure 16-12.  Percentage Change in On-site and Off-site Releases, 1988-1996:
                             Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994, and 1995, and aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Breakdown of Underground Injection
and On-site Land Releases not required before 1996.
 For the full 1988-1996 comparison period, the
 miscellaneous manufacturing sector reported a
 reduction in transfers to treatment from 5.1 million
 pounds to 490,000 pounds. Transfers to POTWs
 increased from 1988 to 1996, although the reported
 amounts represented a decrease in the more recent
 years (1994 to 1996), as shown in Table 16-13.

 1988-1996 Data for Four-Digit Industries in
 Miscellaneous Manufacturing

 Tables 16-14 through 16-16 summarize data for
 1988 and 1994-1996 for industries at the four-digit
 SIC code level within SIC code 39. The tables
 present, respectively, on-  and off-site releases,
 other on-site waste management, and transfers off-
 site for further waste management.
    On- and Off-site Releases

    The miscellaneous hard surface floor coverings
    industry (SIC code 3996) reported the sector's
    largest decrease in on- and off-site releases from
    1988 to 1996. This industry reported 6.4 million
    pounds of total releases in 1988 and 559,000
    pounds in 1996. The miscellaneous manufacturing
    industries (SIC code 3999) ranked second, with a
    reduction from 7.6 million pounds to 3.3 million
    pounds. Ranking third, the miscellaneous sporting
    and athletic goods industry (SIC code 3949)
    reported 4.5 million pounds in 1988 and 1.7 million
    pounds in 1996. In all three industries, the largest
    portion of the reported reduction occurred in air
    emissions, along with a smaller reduction in off-site
    releases (transfers to disposal).
                                                                                                   615
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           Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
 The burial caskets industry (SIC code 3995) ranked
 first for increases in total releases. This industry
 reported 2.3 million pounds in 1988 and 2.4 million
 pounds in 1996. The marking devices industry (SIC
 code 3953) reported the second-largest increase,
 from 34,000 pounds to 51,000 pounds, although
 this industry reported reductions from 1994 to
 1996. The lead pencils and art goods industry (SIC
 code 3952) ranked third, with a small increase from
 21,300 pounds to 21,500 pounds. In all three
 industries, an increase in air emissions was partly
 offset by a decrease in off-site releases (transfers to
 disposal). No other industry in SIC code 39
 reported an increase in total releases from 1988 to
 1996.

 Table 16-14 provides release data for all four-digit
 SIC codes in the miscellaneous manufacturing
 sector, for 1988-1996.

 Other On-site Waste Management

 The miscellaneous hard surface floor coverings
 industry (SIC code 3996) reported 6.4 million
 pounds of other on-site waste management in 1994
 and 1.2 million pounds in  1996, the sector's largest
 reduction (on-site waste management data were not
 collected in 1988). The musical instruments
 industry (SIC code 3931) reported the second-
 largest decrease, from 1.5 million pounds to
 989,000 pounds. In these two industries, reductions
 reported in on-site recycling accounted for most or
 all of the overall decrease. The pens and
 mechanical pencils industry (SIC code 3951)
 ranked third for decreases, with a reduction from
 62,000 pounds to 42,000 pounds. In this industry,
 on-site treatment along with on-site energy
 recovery accounted for the decrease.

 The miscellaneous manufacturing industries (SIC
 code 3999) ranked first for increases, with 1.9
 million pounds  in 1994 and 6.2 million pounds in
 1996. On-site recycling was the principal
component of this increase, but this included a
reporting error of 3.2 million pounds by the facility
that should have reported in SIC code 3499.
 Without this error, the miscellaneous
 manufacturing industries (SIC code 3999) would
 rank second, behind the carbon paper and inked
 ribbons industry (SIC code 3955), which reported
 3.8 million pounds in 1994 and 5.3 million pounds
 in 1996. In this industry, on-site energy recovery
 accounted for the largest portion of the increase.
 Ranking third, the fasteners, buttons, needles, and
 pins (SIC code 3965) reported an increase from 2.1
 million pounds to 2.8 million pounds. This increase
 was attributable to on-site recycling.

 On-site waste management data for 1994-1996
 appear in Table 16-15.

 Transfers Off-site for Further Waste
 Management

 The silverware and plated ware industry (SIC code
 3914) reported the sector's largest reduction in
 transfers off-site for further waste management,
 from 4.0 million pounds in 1994 to 3.4 million
 pounds in 1996 (data for some types of ofi>site
 transfers were not collected in 1988). However, this
 industry's 1995 level was lower (2.7 million
 pounds) than its 1996 total. The miscellaneous
 sporting and athletic goods industry (SIC code
 3949) ranked second, reporting 1.3 million pounds
 in 1994 and 812,000 pounds in 1996. For both
 industries, the largest portion of the reduction was
 reported in transfers to recycling. The
 miscellaneous hard surface floor coverings industry
 (SIC code 3996) ranked third with a reduction from
 821,000 pounds to 663,000 pounds. For this
 industry, transfers to POTWs and transfers to
 energy recovery showed the largest reductions.

 The carbon paper and inked ribbons industry (SIC
 code 3955) ranked first for increases in the
 miscellaneous manufacturing sector's reporting of
 transfers off-site for further waste management.
 This industry reported 504,000 pounds in 1994 and
 764,000 pounds in 1996. The signs and advertising
 specialties industry (SIC code 3993) ranked second,
reporting 825,000 pounds in 1994 and 990,000
616
-------
                                                   Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
 Table 16-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Miscellaneous Manufacturing
 SIC Code 39                                                                                                          a>
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3911



3914


Industry
Jewelry, Precious Metal



Silverware & Plated Ware


Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
10,649
2,929
25,194
291,901
78,970
48,622
98,235
0
0
0
0
680
447
256
88 339,251 1,284
3915



3931



3942



3944



3949



3951



3952



3953



3955



Jewelers' Materials & Lapidary Work



Musical Instruments



Dolls & Stuffed Toys



Games, Toys, & Children's Vehicles



Sporting & Athletic Goods, nee*



Pens & Mechanical Pencils



Lead Pencils & Art Goods



Marking Devices



Carbon Paper & Inked Ribbons



96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
315
510
861
166,283
317,951
494,111
748,319
1,013,580
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
128
222,605
173,268
426,145
773,060
1,621,815
2,049,037
2,474,209
4,108,832
103,753
161,991
165,279
574,835
21,480
22,601
12,250
21,000
50,996
61,241
95,942
33,033
543,719
633,085
734,736
3,109,334
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



0
0
0
0
0
475
204
206
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
180
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0



0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,340
0



0
0
0
0
0
8,862
5,076
4,179
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
10,649
2,929
25,194
291,901
79,650
49,069
98,491
340,535
315
510
861
166,283
317,951
494,111
752,659
1,013,580



128
222,605
173,268
426,145
773,060
1,631,152
2,054,317
2,478,594
4,108,832
103,753
161,991
165,279
574,835
21,480
22,601
12,250
21,000
50,996
61,241
95,942
33,033
543,719
633,085
734,736
3,109,514
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
38,760
100,865
30
9,195
43,960
38,371
37,379
4,812
500
500
149,206
160
51,635
42,999
46,909
44,273



16,948
90
0
0
87,000
42,023
177,415
175,652
368,389
5,993
10,016
5,399
204,703
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
1,312
0
46
7,373
362
Total On-
and Off-site
Releases
Pounds
49,409
103,794
25,224
301,096
123,610
87,440
135,870
345,347
815
1,010
150,067
166,443
369,586
537,110
799,568
1,057,853



17,076
222,695
173,268
426,145
860,060
1,673,175
2,231,732
2,654,246
4,477,221
109,746
172,007
170,678
779,538
21,480
22,601
12,250
21,250
50,996
61,241
95,942
34,345
543,719
633,131
742,109
3,109,876
Note: On-site Releases from Section 5 of Form R and Off-site Releases from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Forms with more than one
4-digit SIC code within SIC code 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                      617
-------
            Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Table 16-14. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing,
SIC Code 39, Continued
On-site Releases
SIC
Code
3961


3965


3991



3993


399S



3996


3999













Industry
Costume Jewelry


Fasteners, Buttons, Needles, & Pins


Brooms & Brushes



Signs & Advertising Specialities


Burial Caskets



Hard Surface Floor Coverings, nee*


Manufacturing Industries, nee*


Multiple within SIC Code 39


Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 39



Total for SIC Code 39



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Surface
Total Air Water Underground
Emissions Discharges Injection
Pounds Pounds Pounds
12,109
13,643
27,890
486,201
106,058
207,847
148,154
86,919
16,738
14,832
206,733
91,467
239,980
380,481
431,319
681,748
2,329,150
2,271,762
2,466,285
2,213,561
128,035
285,150
432,565
4,202,628
3,135,108
4,225,691
4,993,462
7,008,928
63,227
152,411
166,596
341,742
33,526
133,249
219,534
2,669,383
9,036,184
11,332,461
13,873,708
28,213,814
0
0
0
134
211
236
225
1,020
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
515
250
515
0
29
500
250
0
41
9
27
1,627
0
0
0
586
45
0
0
3,245
1,996
1,646
1,479
8,076
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
250
1
Releases
to Land
Pounds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
0
0
227,870
0
0
0
0
265
0
0
0
331
500
0
0
10,688
19
1,804
28,168
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,367
20,146
5,595
10,323
260,421
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
12,109
13,643
27,890
486,335
106,269
208,083
148,379
87,955
16,738
14,832
206,733
319,337
239,980
380,481
431,319
681,748
2,329,930
2,272,012
2,466,800
2,213,561
128,395
286,150
433,065
4,202,628
3,145,837
4,225,719
4,995,293
7,038,724
63,227
152,411
166,596
342,328
33,571
133,249
219,534
2,676,995
9,058,326
11,339,702
13,885,760
28,482,312
Off-site
Releases
Transfers Total On-
Off-siteto and Off-site
Disposal Releases
Pounds Pounds
0
0
0
19,704
13,804
9,174
11,267
280,822
0
0
0
227,870
0
0
13,896
0
33,652
35,263
36,582
80,241
430,627
1,319,129
634,437
2,158,525
124,008
177,517
306,878
527,007
0
1,003
15,514
55,283
25
33,855
23,886
23,542
785,077
1,946,153
1,464,408
4,110,398
12,109
13,643
27,890
506,039
120,073
217,257
159,646
368,777
16,738
14,832
206,733
547,207
239,980
380,481
445,215
681,748
2,363,582
2,307,275
2,503,382
2,293,802
559,022
1,605,279
1,067,502
6,361,153
3,269,845
4,403,236
5,302,171
7,565,731
63,227
153,414
182,110
397,611
33,596
167,104
243,420
2,700,537
9,843,403
13,285,855
15,350,168
32,592,710
 TUV*  MT     V.'*       *                            ..
 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
 •ncc: not elsewhere classified.
  618
-------
                                                     Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Table 16-15. TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996: Miscellaneous
Manufacturing, SIC Code 39
SIC
Code
3911



3914



3915



3931



3942



3944



3949



3951



3952



3953



3955



Industry
Jewelry, Precious Metal



Silverware & Plated Ware



Jewelers' Materials & Lapidary Work



Musical Instruments



Dolls & Stuffed Toys



Games, Toys, & Children's Vehicles



Sporting & Athletic Goods, nee*



Pens & Mechanical Pencils



Lead Pencils & Art Goods



Marking Devices



Carbon Paper & Inked Ribbons



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
19,840
20,000
52,389
NA
201,557
130,000
133,000
NA
0
0
0
NA
946,313
1,189,337
1,446,757
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
22,250
29,450
24,161
NA
1,109,605
999,853
593,211
NA
17,622
16,173
10,800
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,422
3,383
611
NA
257,181
292,504
256,025
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
3,300
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA



NA
0
0
0
NA
31,230
0
0
NA
24,508
32,520
33,633
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
3,303,299
2,559,073
2,161,568
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
113,500
127,710
82,935
NA
94,007
107,365
107,427
NA
19,153
22,230
27,491
NA
43,083
23,558
27,945
NA



NA
103,300
132,000
75,700
NA
406,610
542,197
646,721
NA
0
0
18,000
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,726,874
1,866,872
1,394,335
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
133,340
147,710
135,324
NA
295,564
237,365
240,427
NA
22,453
22,230
27,491
NA
989,396
1,212,895
1,474,702
NA



NA
125,550
161,450
99,861
NA
1,547,445
1,542,050
1,239,932
NA
42,130
48,693
62,433
NA
0
0
0
NA
1,422
3,383
611
NA
5,287,354
4,718,449
3,811,928
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category.  One facility
reported incorrectly under SIC code 3999 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 3499. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 3,209,200 pounds of
recycling on-site, 573 pounds treatment on-site and 3,209,773 pounds of other on-site waste management. Another facility incorrectly reported under an invalid
SIC code within 39 for 1994, 1995 and 1996. The correct SIC code is 3714.  The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 3,496,860 pounds of recycling on-
site for 1994, 3,270,607 pounds of recycling on-site for 1995 and 2,867,591 pounds of recycling on-site for 1996.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                               619
-------
               Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Table 16-15.  TRI Other On-site Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:  Miscellaneous
Manufacturing, SIC Code 39, Continued
SIC
Code
3961



3965



3991



3993



3995



39%



3999















Industry
Costume Jewelry



Fasteners, Buttons, Needles, & Pins



Brooms & Brushes



Signs & Advertising Specialties



Burial Caskets



Hard Surface Floor Coverings, nee*



Manufacturing Industries, nee*



Multiple within SIC Code 39



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 39



Total for SIC Code 39



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Recycled
On-site
Pounds
9,150
6,000
6,114
NA
2,803,777
1,983,270
2,052,600
NA
0
0
0
NA
2,098,136
1,627,020
1,992,975
NA
12,486
6,013
17,760
NA
837,196
2,629,328
5,657,244
NA
4,971,452
1,227,977
940,548
NA
5,884
11,861
7,442
NA
2,869,730
3,356,136
3,569,052
NA
16,183,601
13,528,305
16,760,689
NA
Energy
Recovery
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
7,100
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
NA
3,362,337
2,598,693
2,195,201
NA
Treated
On-site
Pounds
0
0
0
NA
8,866
19,712
27,420
NA
140,400
150,000
0
NA
49,161
56,553
126,816
NA
0
2,830
5,336
NA
355,436
729,357
712,052
NA
1,237,875
1,144,773
964,205
NA
0
21
16,271
NA
18,000
189,356
107,225
NA
4,316,265
5,114,534
4,339,879
NA
Total Other
On-site Waste
Management
Pounds
9,150
6,000
6,114
NA
2,812,643
2,002,982
2,080,020
NA
140,400
150,000
0
NA
2,147,297
1,683,573
2,119,791
NA
12,486
8,843
23,096
NA
1,192,632
3,365,785
6,369,296
NA
6,209,327
2,372,750
1,904,753
NA
5,884
11,882
23,713
NA
2,887,730
3,545,492
3,676,277
NA
23,862,203
21,241,532
23,295,769
NA
Note: Data from Section 8 of Form R. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category. One facility
reported incorrectly under SIC code 3999 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 3499. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 3,209,200 pounds of
recycling on-site, 573 pounds treatment on-site and 3,209,773 pounds of other on-site waste management. Another facility incorrectly reported under an invalid
SIC code within 39 for 1994,1995 and 1996. The correct SIC code is 3714. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows:  3,496,860 pounds of recycling on-
site for 1994,3,270,607 pounds of recycling on-site for 1995 and 2,867,591 pounds of recycling on-site for 1996.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
 620
-------
                                       Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
pounds in 1996. The miscellaneous manufacturing
industries (SIC code 3999) reported the third-
largest increase, from 2.8 million pounds to 3.0
million pounds, although this included the facility
that reported in SIC code 3999 in error. Without
this facility, the miscellaneous manufacturing
industries would show a small decrease. For all
three industries, the increase was attributable to
transfers to recycling.

Table 16-16 presents transfers off-site for further
waste management reported by the miscellaneous
manufacturing sector for 1988 to 1996.

Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
in Releases,  1988-1996

Coatings Incorporated & Company in Bayamon,
Puerto Rico (SIC code 3999), had the largest
increase in releases with 545,000 pounds. Point-
source air emissions of toluene in 1996 accounted
for 100% of the increase. No data were reported for
toluene in 1988. The facility could not be reached
for comment. See also "Facilities with Large
Increases and Decreases in Waste Management,
1991-1996."

Pre Con, Inc., in Petersburg, Virginia (did not
report in 1988, SIC code 3999 in 1996), ranked
second with a 515,000 pound increase. This facility
did not go into operation until 1992.
Dichloromethane, used as a solvent in the
production of a laminated web, accounted for 71%
of the increase.

Batesville Casket Company, Inc., in Batesville,
Mississippi (did not report in 1988, SIC code 3995
in 1996), was the third-ranked facility for increases
with 246,000 pounds. The casket manufacturing
plant started production in late 1988 and did not
exceed the reporting threshold for any TRI
chemical in that year. Xylene (mixed isomers)
accounted for 46% of reported releases in 1996
and, therefore, 46% of the facility's increase. The
1996 xylene (mixed isomers) releases were
reported as fugitive and point-source air emissions.
The chemical is a constituent of wood stain.

Armstrong World Industries, Inc., in Lancaster,
Pennsylvania (SIC code 3996), ranked first in
decreases of releases with 3.2 million pounds. This
facility produces vinyl tile and vinyl sheet flooring
for home and commercial applications. Di-(2-
ethylhexyl) phthalate was used as a plasticizer in
production processes and was gradually replaced by
another, unlisted, phthalate ester. Most di-(2-
ethylhexyl) phthalate releases were reported under
the category transfers off-site for disposal. The
facility sent scrap material to off-site landfills. Di-
(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was eliminated from use
following the 1996 reporting year, according to the
facility contact.

Congoleum Corporation in Marcus Hook,
Pennsylvania (SIC code 3996), was second in
decreases with a 2.4 million-pound reduction. A
manufacturer of vinyl sheet flooring, this facility
phased out the usage of 1,1,1-trichloroethane as a
solvent in a printing operation. This was achieved
by reformulating the solvent. No  data were reported
for the chemical in 1996.

Kurz-Hastings, Inc., in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
(SIC code 3999), ranked third in decreases with 1.0
million pounds. The reduction was partly the result
of improving systems for capturing solvent fumes.
Fugitive air emissions of toluene accounted for
100% of the reduction. There were no reported
fugitive emissions of toluene in 1996. The chemical
is used in a solvent transfer  system in the
production of a wood-grain  laminate product.
                                                                                               621
-------
              Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Table 16-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39
SIC
Cod«
3911



3914



3915



3931



3942



3944



3949



3951



3952



Industry
Jewelry, Precious Metal



Silverware & Plated Ware



Jewelers' Materials & Lapidary Work



Musical Instruments



Dolls & Stuffed Toys



Games, Toys, & Children's Vehicles



Sporting & Athletic Goods, nee*



Pens & Mechanical Pencils



Lead Pencils & Art Goods



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
Transfers to Energy Transfers to
to Recycling Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds Pounds
33,284
45,698
68,158
NA
3,349,597
2,654,974
3,973,455
NA
191,987
266,634
152,088
NA
174,318
193,431
193,093
NA
No reports received
No reports received
No reports received
NA
23,366
23,500
29,900
NA
715,109
743,309
1,093,772
NA
230,470
210,890
262,702
NA
129,460
211,334
24,321
NA
0
0
0
NA
0
5,400
9,800
NA
0
0
0
NA
30,006
17,958
122,786
NA



NA
60,800
33,000
15,531
NA
49,681
51,891
57,574
NA
108,984
110,035
85,095
NA
0
0
2,000
NA
1,881
3,930
8,443
2,240
29,757
32,047
65,284
66,385
0
0
2,895
8,229
34,281
39,228
23,508
278,053



0
0
2,600
913
43,341
46,038
107,474
112,229
85,295
19,604
3,020
1,460
84,051
0
0
1,500
1,900
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
to POTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
25
100,015
265
179
257
509
515
163
5
5
10,063
33,914
510
510
265
250



0
0
0
0
0
1,418
1,507
2,193
70,606
13,070
13,054
364
742
0
3,900
3,300
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,048
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
76,422



0
0
0
6,567
25,409
0
0
12,540
1,703
0
0
0
57,000
0
0
0
0
35,190
149,643
76,866
NA
3,379,611
2,692,930
4,049,054
NA
191,992
266,639
165,046
NA
239,115
251,127
339,652
NA



NA
84,166
59,100
52,911
NA
812,246
904,181
1,278,308
NA
372,128
336,999
349,621
NA
129,460
215,234
31,121
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R.  Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
6nc facility reported incorrectly under SIC code 3999 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 3499. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 206,766 pounds
of transfer* to recycling, 1,000 pounds of transfers to treatment, 10 pounds of transfers to POTWs and 207,776 pounds of total transfers off-site for further waste
imnagcrilenJ. Another facility incorrectly reported under an invalid SIC code within 39 for 1994,1995 and 1996. The correct SIC code is 3714. The incorrectly
reported amounts were as follows: 2,601,069 pounds for 1994,2,614,809 pounds for 1995 and 2,506,231 pounds for 1996 of total transfers off-site for further
waste management.
*ncc: not elsewhere classified.
 622
-------
                                                     Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Table 16-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39, Continued
SIC
Code
3953



3955



3961



3965



3991



3993



3995



3996



3999



Industry
Making Devices



Carbon Paper & Inked Ribbons



Costume Jewelry



Fasteners, Buttons, Needles, & Pins



Brooms & Brushes



Signs & Advertising Specialities



Burial Caskets



Hard Surface Floor Coverings, nee*



Manufacturing Industries, nee*



Year
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
0
9,001
0
NA
520,000
36,000
41,913
NA
16,819
20,267
6,024
NA
4,854,496
4,404,125
4,878,380
NA
0
3,800
3,550
NA
896,352
887,131
704,976
NA
2,124,074
1,684,185
2,197,376
NA
80,033
64,652
76
NA
1,547,804
1,325,271
1,134,331
NA
Transfers
to Energy Transfers to
Recovery Treatment
Pounds Pounds
29,961
22,647
16,460
NA
120,184
530,078
165,864
NA
233
407
467
NA
17,709
17,445
1,269
NA
0
0
0
NA
76,925
88,882
70,453
NA
256,589
197,959
154,024
NA
437,871
554,876
541,523
NA
1,231,653
1,218,624
1,466,622
NA
16,032
2,290
70,561
19,375
123,466
124,109
296,691
99,676
707
845
476
2,436
29,571
42,092
38,615
13,921
1,609
461
432
13,187
15,951
2,773
48,436
88,455
1,045
1,020
1,045
100,972
4,027
13,471
23,006
589,682
149,014
161,348
124,088
2,923,097
Total Transfers
Other Off-site for
Transfers Off-site Further Waste
toPOTWs Transfers Management
Pounds Pounds Pounds
5
37
1,430
80,200
0
0
0
430
250
250
250
1,000
80,550
73,034
65,048
73
0
0
0
0
978
275
795
500
14,975
2,550
19,696
37,636
141,298
137,227
256,185
0
42,954
104,170
102,865
37,633
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,795
0
2,140
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9,000
0
0
0
382
0
0
0
75,800
0
0
0
99,039
45,998
33,975
88,451
NA
763,650
690,187
504,468
NA
18,009
21,769
7,217
NA
4,982,326
4,538,836
4,983,312
NA
1,609
4,261
3,982
NA
990,206
979,061
824,660
NA
2,396,683
1,885,714
2,372,141
NA
663,229
770,226
820,790
NA
2,971,425
2,809,413
2,827,906
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
transfers reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code 3999 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 3499. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 206,766 pounds
of transfers to recycling, 1,000 pounds of transfers to treatment, 10 pounds of transfers to POTWs and 207,776 pounds of total transfers off-site for further waste
management. Another facility incorrectly reported under an invalid SIC code within 39 for 1994,1995 and 1996. The correct SIC code is 3714. The incorrectly
reported amounts were as follows: 2,601,069 pounds for 1994,2,614,809 pounds for 1995 and 2,506,231 pounds for 1996 of total transfers off-site for further
waste management.
*nec: not elsewhere classified.
                                                                                                                                623
-------
            Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Table 16-16. TRI Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management by 4-digit SIC Code, 1988 and 1994-1996:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39, Continued


SIC
Code Industry

Multiple within SIC Code 39



Invalid SIC Code within SIC Code 39



Total for SIC Code 39






Year

96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88
96
95
94
88


Transfers
to Recycling
Pounds
34,276
46,953
28,240
NA
2,884,775
3,111,985
3,568,390
NA
17,806,220
15,943,140
18,360,745
NA

Transfers
to Energy
Recovery
Pounds
24,149
37,287
42,588
NA
0
21,753
20,156
NA
2,444,745
2,908,242
2,772,212
NA


Transfers to
Treatment
Pounds
1,390
1,576
2,513
105,989
15,727
34,375
10,716
534,042
490,100
572,659
832,811
5,060,326


Transfers
to POTWs
Pounds
26
303
7,087
254
2,028
1,790
2,794
22,195
298,349
439,136
473,115
286,025

Other
Off-site
Transfers
Pounds
0
0
0
21,000
0
0
0
1,000
0
2,140
19,107
369,598
Total Transfers
Off -site for
Further Waste
Management
Pounds
59,841
86,119
80,428
NA
2,902,530
3,169,903
3,602,056
NA
21,039,414
19,865,317
22,457,990,
NA
Note: Transfers Off-site for Further Waste Management from Section 6 (excluding transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Other Off-site Transfers are
Ifltnsfcn reported without a valid waste management code. Forms with more than one 4-digit SIC code within SIC code 39 are assigned to the "multiple" category.
One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code 3999 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 3499. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 206,766 pounds
of transfers to recycling. 1,000 pounds of transfers to treatment, 10 pounds of transfers to POTWs and 207,776 pounds of total transfers off-site for further waste
mamgemeru. Another facility incorrectly reported under an invalid SIC code within 39 for 1994,1995 and 1996. The correct SIC code is 3714. The incorrectly
reported amounts were as follows: 2,601,069 pounds for 1994,2,614,809 pounds for 1995 and 2,506,231 pounds for 1996 of total transfers off-site for further
waste management.
 Other Apparent Increases and Decreases in
 Releases, 1988-1996

 In the TRI database, there are other facilities with
 large apparent increases and decreases, which have
 been identified as reporting errors or plant closures.
 Because these are errors or plant closures and not
 actual changes in the data, these facilities are not
 discussed in detail here. There is one such facility
 in the miscellaneous manufacturing sector:

     NER Data Products, Inc., Des  Moines, Iowa,
     decrease of 1.4 million pounds, plant closure.

 1991-1996 Waste Management Data
 for Miscellaneous Manufacturing

 Table 16-17 summarizes on- and off-site waste
 management data for the miscellaneous
 manufacturing sector for 1991, when TRI began
collecting this information, and the three most
recent years (1994-1996). The sector reported a
6.3% reduction in total production-related waste
from 59.8 million pounds in 1991 to 56.0 million
pounds in 1996. Without the facility reporting
errors described in this chapter, the sector's
reduction in total production-related waste would
be 21.1%.

The sector recorded its largest reduction (in
pounds) in quantities released, which decreased
from 20.8 million pounds in 1991 to 10.3 million
pounds in 1996. This represented a 50.4%
reduction. The largest percentage decrease occurred
in reporting of on-site treatment, a 58.7% reduction
from 10.5 million pounds in 1991 to 4.3 million
pounds in 1996. Decreases were also reported in
off-site treatment (from 1.5 million pounds to
796,000 pounds) and in off-site energy recovery
(from 2.6 million pounds to 2.5 million pounds).
 624
-------
                                                 Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturin>
Table 16-17. TRI Waste Management Data, 1991,1994-1996: Miscellaneous Manufacturing, SIC Code 39
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
Waste Management Activity
On-site Waste Management
Recycled On-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Treated On-site
Total On-site Waste Management
Off-site Waste Management
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated Off-site
Total Off-site Waste Management
Quantity Released On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-Production-related Waste
1991
Pounds
11,849,561
75,628
10,454,947
22,380,136
12,552,543
2,555,525
1,503,661
16,611,729
20,762,514
59,754,379
36,472
Change
1994-1995
Percent
-19.3
18.4
17.8
-8.8
-13.7
7.8
-14.0
-11.2
-13.6
-10.9
11.0
1994
Pounds
16,760,689
2,195,201
4,339,879
23,295,769
19,096,279
2,730,907
1,279,271
23,106,457
15,966,769
62,368,995
20,242
Change
1995-1996
Percent
20.3
29.4
-15.6
12.7
11.9
-16.0
-27.7
5.8
-25.3
0.7
8.0
1995
Pounds
13,528,305
2,598,693
5,114,534
21,241,532
16,484,511
2,943,948
1,100,684
20,529,143
13,792,739
55,563,414
22,467
Change
1991-1996
Percent
37.3
4,345.9
-58.7
7.0
47.0
-3.2
-47.1
30.7
-50.4
-6.3
-33.5
1996
Pounds
16,269,601
3,362,337
4,316,265
23,948,203
18,449,724
2,473,379
795,812
21,718,915
10,300,340
55,967,458
24,262








Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated. One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code 39 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 34. (Continued on next page.)
                                                                                                                      625
-------
             Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
  These represented reductions of 47.1% and 3.2%,
  respectively.

  The sector reported a 47.0% increase in off-site
  recycling, from 12.6 million pounds in 1991 to 18.4
  million pounds in 1996. Amounts reported for on-
  site recycling increased 37.3% from 11.8 million
  pounds to 16.3 million pounds. Increases in both
  on-site and off-site recycling reflect reporting errors
  previously mentioned. Without those errors, the
  sector's off-site recycling would show an increase
  of 27.1% and the sector's on-site recycling would
  show a decrease of 14.0%.

  The sector's reporting of on-site energy recovery
  increased from 76,000 pounds in 1991 to 3.4
  million pounds in 1996, which amounted to a
  percentage increase of more than 4,300%.

  Figure 16-13 illustrates the percentage changes
  fror/i  1991 to 1996 in the sector's reporting of total
  production-related waste by waste management
  type.
 Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases
 in Waste Management,  1991-1996

 YKK USA in Macon, Georgia (SIC codes 3964 and
 3965 in 1991 and 3965 in 1996), ranked first in
 increases of waste managed with 1.9 million
 pounds. The zipper manufacturer reported a 1.6
 million-pound increase in on-site recycling of
 copper between the comparison years. No
 information was provided on the reason for the
 increase before this publication's deadline.

 Coatings Incorporated & Company in Bayamon,
 Puerto Rico (SIC code 3999), was  second with an
 overall 1.23 million-pound increase. Toluene
 reporting accounted for 100% of the increase. The
 facility could not be reached for comment. See also
 "Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in
 Releases, 1988-1996."

Batesville Casket Company in Batesville, Indiana
 (SIC code 3995), was the third-ranked increaser in
 waste managed with 1.21 million pounds. This
plant stamps metal components used in casket
production. A reported increase in  off-site recycling
of copper was responsible for 61% of the overall
increase. According to the facility contact, the
increase is largely due to a change  in the
Note [Continued From Table 16-17]: The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 3,209,200 pounds of recycling on-site, 3,209,773 pounds of other on-
sttc waste management and 3,417,119 pounds of total production-related waste. Another facility incorrectly reported under SIC code 39 for 1994,1995 and 1996.
The correct SIC code is 37. The incorrectly reported amounts for 1994 were as follows: 3,496,860 pounds of recycling on-site, 3,496,860 pounds of total on-site
waste management, 2,591,830 pounds of recycling off-site and 6,102,905 pounds of total production-related waste. The incorrectly reported amounts for 1995 were
M follows: 3,270,607 pounds of recycling on-site, 3,270,607 pounds of total on-site waste management, 2,602,830 of recycling off-site, and 5,890,387 pounds of
te«l production-related waste. The incorrectly reported amounts for 1996 were as follows: 2,867,591 pounds of recycling on-site, 2,867,591 pounds of total on-
Slte waste njanngement, 2,490,479 pounds of recycling off-site and 5,376,558 pounds of total production-related waste. Accounting for these two facility errors, the
percentage change of recycling on-site for 1994 to 1995 changes from -19.3% to -22.7%, for 1995 to 1996 changes from 20.3% to 0.6% and for 1991 to 1996
changes from 373% to -14.0%. The percentage change of total on-site waste management for 1994 to 1995 changes from -8.8% to 9.2%, for 1995 to 1996
chttngcs from 12,7% to 0.6%, and for 1991 to 1996 changes from 7.0% to -20.1%.  The percentage change of recycling off-site for 1994 to 1995 changes from
-13.7% to -15.9%, for 1995 to 1996 changes from 11.9% to 15.0% and for 1991 to  1996 changes from 47.0% to 27.1%. The percentage change of total off-site
waste management for 1994 to 1995 changes from -11.2% to -12.7%, for 1995 to 1996 changes from 5.8% to 7.3%, and for 1991 to 1996 changes from 30.7% to
15,8%. The percentage change of total production-related waste for 1994 to 1995 changes from -10.9% to -6.4%, for 1995 to 1996 changes from 0 7% to -10 4%
and foe 1991 to 1996 changes from -6.3% to -21.1%.
 626
-------
                                              Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturin,
      5,000
      4,500 -
      4,000 -
      3,500 -
      3,000 -
      2,500 -
    Q- 2,000
      1,500-
      1,000-
       500-
       -500
           Recycled     Energy   Treated
            On-site   Recovery   On-site
                      On-site

              On-site Waste Management
Recycled    Energy    Treated
 Off-site   Recovery    On-site
          Off-site

   Off-site Waste Management
      Quantity
Released On-site
    and Off-site
    Total
Production-
   related
   Waste
        Figure 16-13. Percentage Change in Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste, 1991-1996:
                                Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SIC Code 39)
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1994 and 1995, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Data from Section 8 of Form R
(Current Year, Column B) of year indicated. One facility reported incorrectly under SIC code 39 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 34. The incorrectly reported
amounts were as follows: 3,209,200 pounds of recycling on-site and 3,417,119 pounds of total production-related waste. Another facility incorrectly reported
under SIC code 39 for 1996. The correct SIC code is 37. The incorrectly reported amounts were as follows: 2,867,591 pounds of recycling on-site, 2,490,479
pounds of recycling off-site and 5,376,558 pounds of total production-related waste. Accounting for these two facility errors, the percentage change of recycling
on-site for 1991 to 1996 changes from 37.3% to -14.0%. The percentage change of recycling off-site for 1991 to 1996 changes from 47.0% to 27.1%. The
percentage change of total production-related waste for 1991 to 1996 changes from -6.3% to -21.1%.
 interpretation of how to calculate off-site recycling
 data.
 Congoleum Corporation in Marcus Hook,
 Pennsylvania (SIC code 3996), was the top
 decreaser with an overall 8.6 million-pound
 decrease. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), used as a
 solvent in a printing operation, was responsible for
 1  There are no TRI regulatory definitions of recycling.
    Facilities may use their own interpretations for purposes of
    reporting to TRI. Changes in these interpretations do not
    represent a change in guidance by EPA on how to report
    recycling.
             100% of the reduction. Solvent-based printing was
             discontinued and substituted with water-based inks.
             The facility contact stated that a small amount of
             MEK is still used to clean presses. See also
             "Facilities with Large Increases and Decreases in
             Releases, 1988-1996."

             Armstrong World Industries, Inc., in Lancaster,
             Pennsylvania (SIC  code 3996), ranked second in
             decreases with 3.0 million pounds. Also ranked as a
             major decreaser in releases (see "Facilities with
             Large Increases and Decreases in Releases, 1988-
             1996"), this facility uses toluene as a solvent in a
             coating process. The process involves coating non-
             wax vinyl flooring  with polyurethane. Toluene,
                                                                                                               627
-------
          Chapter 16 — TRI Data for Miscellaneous Manufacturing
 which was responsible for 40% of the overall
 reduction in waste management reporting, was
 primarily reported in on-site recycling. The
 decrease is the result of a process change,
 according to the facility contact.

 Yamaha Musical Products, Inc., in Grand Rapids,
 Michigan (SIC code 3931), was third with a 1.4
 million-pound decrease. This facility is the site of
 brass and woodwind musical instrument
 production. Elimination of trichloroethylene as a
 degreasing agent resulted in 100% of this facility's
 reduction. An aqueous cleaning system replaced the
 solvent degreasing operation.

 Facilities Contacted for Explanations
 (alphabetical by facility):

    Armstrong World Industries, Inc., Lancaster,
    Pennsylvania: JackB. Headley, September 21,
    1998 (explanation provided)
    Batesville Casket Company, Batesville,
    Indiana: ToddBigelow, October 19, 1998
    (explanation provided)
    Batesville Casket Company, Batesville,
    Mississippi: Clyde Callihan, September 18,
    1998 (explanation provided)
Coatings Incorporated & Company, Bayamon,
Puerto Rico (could not be reached for
comment)
Congoleum Corporation, Marcus Hook,
Pennsylvania: Robert G. Rucker, October 16,
1998 (explanation provided)
Glacier Vandervell, Inc., Caldwell, Ohio: John
Hirschfield and Rex Green, September 22, 1998
(explanation provided)
Kurz-Hastings,  Inc., Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania: Robert L. Wallace, October 19,
1998 (explanation provided)
NER Data Products, Inc., Des Moines, Iowa
(could not be reached for comment)
Norgren Co., Littleton, Colorado: Stacy
Guillaume, September 22, 1998 (explanation
provided)
Pre Con, Inc., Petersburg, Virginia: Jack Wright
and Brian Arvidson, October 16 and 20, 1998
(explanation provided)
Yamaha Musical Products, Inc., Grand Rapids,
Michigan: James A. Blue, September 24, 1998
(explanation provided)
YKK USA, Macon, Georgia: Jeff Turner,
October 19 and  23, 1998 (no explanation
provided)
628
-------
                          APPENDIX A

            EPA  REGIONAL OFFICE AND
                  STATE TRICONTACTS
EPA REGIONAL SECTION 313
COORDINATORS

USEPA Region I

Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont

Dwight Peavey
Assistance and Pollution Prevention Office
1 Congress Street, Suite 1100 (SPT)
Boston, MA 02114-2023
(617) 565-3230
Fax (617) 565-4939
Email: peavey.dwight@epa.gov

USEPA Region II

New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Islands

Nora Lopez (MS-105)
Pesticides and Toxics Branch
2890 Woodbridge Ave., Bldg. 10
Edison, NJ 08837-3679
(732) 906-6890
Fax (732) 321-6788
Email: lopez.nora@epa.gov
USEPA Region III

Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland,
Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia

Bill Reilly (3WC33)
Toxics Program and Enforcement Branch
1650 Arch St.
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029
(215) 814-2072
Fax (215) 814-2134
Email: reilly.william@epa.gov

USEPA Region IV

Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee

Ezequiel Velez
EPCRA Information Center
Atlanta Federal Center
61 Forsyth St., S.W.
Atlanta, GA 30303
(404) 562-9191
Fax (404) 562-9163
Email: velez.ezequiel@epa.gov
                                                                       A-l
-------
             'ndixA — EPA Regional Office and State Contacts
USEPA Region V

Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio,
Wisconsin

Thelma Codina (DT-8 J)
Pesticides and Toxics Branch
77 W. Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, EL 60604
(312)886-6219
Fax (312) 353-4788
Email: codina.thelma@epa.gov

USEPA Region VI

Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma,
Texas

E. Warren W. Layne, Ph.D.
TRI Coordinator (6PDT)
Pesticides and Toxic Substances Branch
1445 Ross Ave.,  Suite 1200
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
(214) 665-8013
Fax (214) 665-6762
Email: layne.warren@epa.gov

USEPA Region VII

Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska

James Hirtz
Toxic Substances Prevention and Planning Branch
USEPA
726 Minnesota Ave.
Kansas City, KS  66101
(913) 551-7646
Fax (913) 551-7065
Email: hirtz.james@epa.gov
USEPA Region VIII

Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South
Dakota, Utah, Wyoming

Joyel Dhieux (8P2-TX)
Toxic Substance Branch
999 18th St., Suite 500
Denver, CO 80202-2466
(303)312-6447
Fax (303) 312-6064
Email: dhieux.joyel@epa.gov

USEPA Region IX

Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, American
Samoa, Guam, Northern Marianas

Adam Browning (CMD-4-2)
Pesticides and Toxics Branch
75 Hawthorne St.
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415)744-1121
Fax (415) 744-1073
Email: browning.adam@epa.gov

USEPA Region X

Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington

Christina Colt
Office of Waste and Chemicals Management
Solid Waste and Toxics Unit
1200 Sixth Ave. (WCM-128)
Seattle, WA 98101
(206) 553-4016
Fax (206) 553-8509
Email: colt.christina@epa.gov
A-2
-------
                                Appendix A — EPA Regional Office and State TRI Contacts
STATE TRI PUBLIC CONTACTS

Alabama

Kirk Chandler
Alabama Emergency Response Commission
Alabama Department of Environmental
Management
1751 Congressman W.L. Dickinson Dr.
P.O. Box 301463
Montgomery, AL 36130-1463
(334) 260-2717
Fax (334) 272-8131
Email: kfc@adem.state.al.us

Alaska

Camille Stephens
Department of Environmental Conservation
Government Preparedness and Response Program
410 Willoughby Ave., Suite 105
Juneau,AK 99801-1795
(907) 465-5220
Fax (907) 465-5244
Email: cstephens@envirocon.state.ak.us

American Samoa

Togipa Tausaga, Director
American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency
Office of the Governor
(684) 633-2304
Fax (684) 633-5801
c/o Carl Goldstein (CMD-5)
U.S. EPA Region DC
75 Hawthorne St.
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415) 744-2170
Fax (415) 744-1604
Arizona

Daniel Roe, Executive Director
Arizona Emergency Response Commission
5636 East McDowell Rd.
Phoenix, AZ 85008
(602) 231-6346
Fax (602) 392-7519
Email: roed@dem.state.az.us

Arkansas

John Ward
Arkansas Department of Pollution Control and
Ecology
P.O. Box 8913
8001 National Dr.
Little Rock, AR 72209-8913
(501) 682-0913
Fax (501) 682-0798
jward@adeq.state.ar.us

California

Steve Hanna
California Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Environmental Information Management
Department of Toxic Substances Control
400 P St., 4th Floor
P.O. Box 806
Sacramento, CA 95812-0806
(916) 324-9924
Fax (916) 324-1788
Email: shanna@dtsc.ca.gov

Colorado

Tamera Van Horn
Colorado Emergency Planning Commission
Colorado Department of Public Health and
Environment
4300 Cherry Creek Dr. South
Denver, CO 80222-1530
(303) 692-3017
Fax (303) 782-4969
Email: tamera.vanhorn@state.co.us
                                                                                       A-3
-------
           ipendixA — EPA Regional Office and State Contacts
 Connecticut
 Joseph Pulaski
 SERC Administrator
 Department of Environmental Protection
 Bureau of Waste Management
 79 Elm St., 4th Floor
 Hartford, CT 06106-5127
 (860)424-3373
 Fax (860) 424-4059
 Email: joseph.pulaski@po.state.ct.us

 Delaware
 David Fees
 Division of Air and Waste Management
 Department of Natural Resources and
 Environmental Control
 156 S. State St.
 Dover, DE 19901
 (302) 739-4791
 Fax (302) 739-3106
 Email: dfees@dnrec.state.de.us

 District of Columbia
 Michele Penick
 SARA Title HI
 Office of Emergency Preparedness
 Frank Reeves Center for Municipal Affairs
 2000 14th St., Northwest, 8th Floor
 Washington, DC 20009
 (202) 673-2101, Ext. 3159
 Fax (202) 673-2290

 Florida
 Sam Brackett
 State Emergency Response Commission
 Florida Department of Community Affairs
 2555 Shumard Oak Blvd.
Tallahassee, FL 32399-2100
 (850) 413-9970
 (800) 635-7179 (in Florida)
Fax (850) 488-1739
Email: sam.brackett@dca.state.fl.us
 Georgia

 Dr. Albert K. Langley
 Environmental Protection Division
 Emergency Response Program/SARA Title III
 Department of Natural Resources
 7 Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr., Rm. 139
 Atlanta, GA 30334
 (404) 656-6905
 Fax (404) 657-7893
 Email: bert_langley@mail.dnr.state.ga.us

 Guam

 Jesus Salas, Administrator
 Guam Environmental Protection Agency
 P.O. Box 22439, GMF
 Barrigada, Guam 96921
 International Number (671) 475-1658
 Fax (671) 477-9402

 Hawaii

 Marsha Graf, TRI Coordinator
 Hawaii State Emergency Response Commission
 Hawaii Department of Health
 919 Ala Moana Blvd. 3rd Floor, Room 206
 Honolulu, HI 96814
 (808) 586-4249
 Fax (808) 586-7537
 Email: heer@eha.health.state.hi.us

 Idaho

 Bill Bishop, Director, Hazardous Materials
 Bureau of Hazardous Materials
 Gowen Field
 4040 Guard St., Bldg. 600
 Boise, ID 83705-5004
 (208) 334-3263
Fax (208) 334-3267
Email: bbishop@bds.state.id.us
A-4
-------
                                 Appendix A — EPA Regional Office and State TRI Contacts
Illinois
Joe Goodner
Office of Chemical Safety
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 19276
1021 N. Grand Ave. East
Springfield, IL 62702
(217) 785-0830
Fax (217) 782-1431
Email: epa8538@epa.state.il.us

Indiana

Harry Davis, Paula Smith
Indiana Department of Environmental Management
Office of Pollution Prevention and Technical
Assistance
100 N. Senate Ave.
P.O. Box 6015
ISTA Building, Suite #703
Indianapolis, IN 46206-6015
(use both addresses on all mail)
(317)232-8172
Fax (317) 233-5627
Email: hdavis@dem.state.in.us
psmith @ dem. state.in.us

Iowa

Catherine Fitzsimmons
Bureau Chief of Air Quality
Department of Natural Resources
7900 Hickman Rd., Suite I
Urbandale, IA 50322
(515)281-8034
Fax (515) 281-5094
Email: craffen@max.state.ia.us

Kansas

Scott Bangert
Kansas Emergency Response Commission
Forbes Field Bldg. 283
Topeka, KS 66620
(785) 296-1689
Fax (785) 296-1545
Kentucky

Alex Barber
Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection
14ReillyRd.
Frankfort, KY 40601-1132
(502) 564-2150
Fax (502) 564-4245
Email: barber@nrpath.nr.ky.state.us

Louisiana

Linda Brown
Department of Environmental Quality
Office of the Secretary
P.O. Box 82263
7290 Bluebonnet Dr.
Baton Rouge, LA 70884-2263
(504) 765-0737
Fax (504) 765-0742
Email: linda_b@deq.state.la.us

Maine

Rayna Leibowitz
State Emergency Response Commission
72 State House Station
Augusta, ME 04333-0072
(207) 287-4080
Fax (207) 287-4079
Email: rayna.b .leibowitz @ state.me.us

Maryland

Patricia Williams
SARA Title HI Reporting
Maryland Department of the Environment
Technical and Regulatory Services Administration
Community Right-to-Know Section
2500 Broening Hwy.
Baltimore, MD 21224
(410)631-3800
Fax (410) 631-3873
                                                                                         A-5
-------
             'ndixA — EPA Regional Office and State Contacts
Massachusetts

William T. Panos
Massachusetts Department of Environmental
Protection
Bureau of Waste Prevention
1 Winter St.
Boston, MA 02108
(617)574-6820
Fax (617) 292-5858
Email: wpanos@state.ma.us

Michigan

Robert Jackson
State Emergency Planning and Community Right-
to-Know Coordinator
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Environmental Assistance Division
P.O. Box 30457
Lansing, MI 48909-7957
(517) 373-8481
Fax (517) 335-4729
Email: JACKSORC@state.mi.us

Minnesota

Steve Tomlyanovich
Department of Public Safety
Emergency Response Commission
444 Cedar Street, Suite 223
St. Paul, MN 55101
(651) 282-5396
Fax (651) 296-0459
Email: steve.tomlyanovich@state.mn.us

Mississippi

John David Burns
Mississippi Emergency Response Commission
Mississippi Emergency Management Agency
P.O. Box 4501
Jackson, MS 39296-4501
(601) 960-9000
Fax (601) 352-8314
Missouri

Gene Nickel
Technical Assistance Program
Department of Natural Resources
P.O. Box 176
Jefferson City, MO 65102
(573) 526-6627
Fax (573) 526-5808
nrnicke@mail.dnr.state.mo.us

Montana

Tom Ellerhoff
Montana Emergency Response Commission
DEQ
Metcalf Building
1520 East 6th Ave.
P.O. Box 200901
Helena, MT 59620-0901
(406)444-2544
Fax (406) 444-4386
Email: tellerhoff@mt.gov

Navajo Nation

Phoebe Yazzie
Department of Emergency Management
P.O. Box 2908
Window Rock, AZ 86515
(520) 871-6892
Fax (520) 871-7261

Nebraska

Mike Mallory
State of Nebraska Department of Environmental
Quality
P.O. Box 98922
1200 North St., Suite 400
Lincoln, NE 68509-8922
(402)471-4251
Fax (402) 471-2909
Email: DEQ055@mail.deq.state.ne.us
A-6
-------
                                 Appendix A — EPA Regional Office and State TRI Contacts
Nevada
Alene Coulson
Nevada Division of Environmental Protection
333 West Nye Lane, Suite 138
Carson City, NV 89706-0851
(775) 687-4670, Ext. 3006
Fax (775) 687-6396

New Hampshire

Leland Kimball
New Hampshire Office of Emergency Management
Title m Program
State Office Park South
107 Pleasant St.
Concord, NH 03301-3809
(603)271-2231
Fax (603) 225-7341
Email: leek@nhoem.state.nh.us

New Jersey

Andrew Opperman
Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Waste, Compliance and Enforcement
and Release Prevention
SARA Title HI Section 313
Bureau of Chemical Release Information &
Prevention
22 S. Clinton Ave., 3rd Floor
Trenton, NJ 08625
(609) 984-3219
Fax (609) 633-7031
Email: aopperma@dep.state.nj.us

New Mexico

Max Johnson
New Mexico Emergency Response Commission
Chemical Safety Office
Emergency Management Bureau
P.O. Box 1628
Santa Fe, NM 87504-1628
(505) 476-9620
Fax (505) 476-9695
Email: MJohnson@DPS.state.nm.us
New York

Sitansu Ghosh
New York Emergency Response Commission
State Department of Environmental Conservation
Pollution Prevention Unit
50 Wolf Rd., Room 298
Albany, NY 12233-8010
(518) 457-2553
Fax (518) 457-2570
Email: sbghosh@gw.dec.state.ny.us

North Carolina

Esther Castaldo
North Carolina Emergency Response Commission
North Carolina Division of Emergency
Management
116 West Jones St.
Raleigh, NC 27603-1335
(919) 733-3865
Fax (919) 733-5336
Email: ecastaldo@dem.dec.state.nc.us

North Dakota

Robert W. Johnston
North Dakota State Division of Emergency
Management
P.O. Box 5511
Fraine Barracks, Bldg. 40
Bismarck, ND 58506-5511
(701)328-2111
Fax (701) 328-2119
Email: msmail.bjohnsto@state.nd.us

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands

Ignacio Cabrera
Division of Environmental Quality
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
CNMI
P.O. Box 1304
Saipan, MP 96950
(670) 234-6984
Fax (670) 234-1003
                                                                                       A-7
-------
           pendixA — EPA Regional Office and State Contacts
Ohio
Cindy DeWulf
Division of Air Pollution Control
PA Box 1049
1800 Watermark Dr.
Columbus, OH 43216-1049
(614) 644-3606
Fax (614) 644-3681
Email: cindy.dewulf@epa.state.oh.us

Oklahoma

Monty Elder
Department of Environmental Quality
Risk Communication
P.O. Box 1677
1000 Northeast Tenth St.
Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677
(405) 702-6100
Fax (405) 702-6101
Email: monty.elder@deqmail.state.ok.us

Oregon

Bob Albers, Manager
Hazardous Materials Service
Office of State Fire Marshal
Oregon Emergency Response Commission
4760 Portland Rd., Northeast
Salem, OR 97305-1760
(503) 378-3473, Ext. 262
Fax (503) 373-1825
Email: Bob. ALBERS ©state.or.us

Pennsylvania

Thomas J. Ward, Jr.
PENNSAFE
Room 1503, Labor and Industry Bldg.
7th and Forster Sts.
Harrisburg, PA 17120
(717)783-2071
Fax (717) 783-5099
Puerto Rico
                i
Genaro Torres
Director of Superfund and Emergencies Response
Area
Title IE-SARA Section 313
Environmental Quality Board
Fernandez Junco Station
P.O. Box 11488
San Juan, PR 00910
(787) 766-2823
Fax (787) 766-0150

Rhode Island

Karen Slattery
Department of Environmental Management
Division of Air Resources
Attention: Toxics Release Inventory
291 Promenade St.
Providence, RI02908-5767
(401) 222-2808, Ext. 7030
Fax (401) 222-2017
Email: kslatter@dem.state.ri.us
                i
South Carolina

Michael Juras
Community Right-to-Know
South Carolina Department of Health and
Environmental Control
2600 Bull St.
Columbia, SC 29201
(803) 734-7236
Fax (803) 734-4556
Email: jurasms@columb31 .dhec.state.sc.us
A-8
-------
                                 Appendix A — EPA Regional Office and State TRI Contacts
South Dakota
Lee Ann Smith
South Dakota Emergency Response Commission
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Joe Foss Bldg.
523 East Capitol
Pierre, SD 57501-3181
(605) 773-3296
Fax (605) 773-6035
Email: leeanns@denr.state.sd.us

Tennessee

Betty Eaves
Tennessee Emergency Response Council
Tennessee Emergency Management Agency
3041 Sidco Dr.
Nashville, TN 37204
(615) 741-2986
Fax (615) 242-9635

Texas

Becky Kurka, Supervisor
Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling
Natural Resources Conservation Commission
P.O. Box 13087 (MC-112)
Austin, TX 78711-3087
(512)239-3147
Fax (512) 239-3165
Email: bkurka@tnrcc.state.tx.us

Utah

Neil Taylor
Division of Environmental Response and
Remediation
168 North 1950 West
Salt Lake City, UT 84116-4840
(801) 536-4102
Fax (801) 536-4242
Email: ntaylor@deq.state.ut.us
Vermont

Paul Van Hollebeke
Vermont Department of Environmental
Conservation
Environmental Assistance Division
103 South Main St.
Waterbury, VT 05671-0411
(802) 241-3629
Fax (802) 241-3273
Email: paulv@dec.anr.state.vt.us

Virgin Islands

Austin Moorehead
Department of Planning and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Protection
1118 Waterguthomes
Christianshead, St. Croix 00820-5065
(340) 773-0565 (St. Croix)
Fax (340) 692-9794 (St. Croix)
(340) 774-3320 (St. Thomas)
Fax (340) 774-5416 (St. Thomas)

Virginia

Harry Gregori
Virginia Emergency Response Council
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
5th Floor
P.O. Box 10009
Richmond, VA 23240-0009
(804) 698-4489
Fax (804) 698-4277
Email: hegregori@deq.state.va.us
                                                                                         A-9
-------
           \pendixA — EPA Regional Office and State Contacts
Washington

Idell Hansen
Department of Ecology
Community Right-to-Know Unit
P.O. Box 47659
Olympia, WA 98504-7659
(360) 407-6727 or (800) 633-7585
Fax (360) 407-6715
Email: ihan461@ecy.wa.gov

West Virginia

John W. Pack, Jr.
West Virginia Emergency Response Commission
West Virginia Office of Emergency Services
Main Capitol Bldg. 1, Room EB-80
Charleston, WV 25305-0360
(304) 558-5380
Fax (304) 344-4538
Wisconsin

Jennifer Feyerherm (Mailcode SS/16)
SARA Section 313 Coordinator
Department of Natural Resources
101 South Webster
P.O. Box 7921
Madison, WI53707
(608) 264-6005
Fax (608) 267-5231
Email: feyerj@dnr. state.wi.us

Wyoming

Bob Bezek
Wyoming Emergency Response Commission
Department of Environmental Quality
5500 Bishop Blvd.
Cheyenne, WY 82009-3320
(307) 777-4900
Fax (307) 635-6017
Email: hellerj@wy-iso.army.mil
A-10
-------
                              APPENDIX B
       TRI FORM R AND FORM A  FOR 1996
Facilities reporting to the Toxics Release
Inventory submit their information on TRI's Form
R. If a facility's total annual reportable amount of
a chemical does not exceed 500 pounds, and the
facility does not manufacture, process, or
otherwise use more than 1 million pounds of the
chemical, it may submit a Form A certification
statement. (Form A certification statement
reporting is further explained in Chapter 1.) This
appendix supplies copies of the Form R and Form
A certification statement for the 1996 reporting
year.

FORM R

The 1996 Form R is divided into two parts:

Part I, Facility Identification Information, contains
information on such matters as name, address,
parent company information, and contact names
and phone numbers for the facility.

Part n, Chemical-Specific Information, contains
information such as chemical identity, facility
activities and uses of the chemical, amounts of on-
and off-site releases and transfers off-site for
further waste management, on-site waste
treatment methods and efficiencies, on- and off-
site waste management quantities, and
information on source reduction and recycling
activities.

FORM A CERTIFICATION
STATEMENT

The 1996 Form A certification statement consists
of facility identification information and chemical
identification, as in Form R. Facilities do not
report on the Form A certification statement
amounts or other information about their use,
releases, or waste management of the chemical.

Readers who are interested in a more in-depth
understanding of who is required to report to TRI
and how to fill out the forms, should refer to the
EPCRA Information Hotline at 1-800-424-9346.
Reporting software, forms, and instructions for
the current reporting year are available from
EPA's Web site at: http://www.epa.gov/
opptintr/tri/report.htm.
                                                                                  B-l
-------
(IMPORTANT: Typa or print; read instructions before completing form)
                                                                   Form Approved OMB Number: 2070-0093
                                                                   Approval Expires: 04/2000
                                                                                Page 1 of 5
                                     FORMR
                                                                         TOXIC CHEMICAL RELEASE
                                                                         INVENTORY REPORTING FORM
   c™if^l^H!?*oi Dr^»^»-«n    Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community
   §£25       Protection    Rjght-to-Know Act of 1986, also known as Title III of the Superfund
   Agency                    Amendments and Reauthorization Act
 WHERE TO SEND COMPLETED FORMS:
                                 EPCRA Reporting Center
                                 P.O. Box 3348
                                 Merrifie!d,VA 22116-3348
                                 ATTN: TOXIC CHEMICAL RELEASE INVENTORY
                                   2. APPROPRIATE STATE OFFICE
                                     (See instructions in Appendix F)
                                                            Enter "X" here if this
                                                            is a revision
                                                                                               For EPA use only I
 IMPORTANT:    See instructions to determine when "Not Applicable (NA)" boxes should be checked.
           PART I. FACILITY IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION
           SECTION 1.     REPORTING YEAR
                                                 19
           SECTION 2.     TRADE SECRET INFORMATION
 2.1
 Are you claiming the toxic chemical Identified on page 2 trade secret?

  }   [  Yes (Answer question 2.2;   r~j No   Do not answer 2.2;
       Attach substantiation       —       go to Section 3
 	  forms)	
                                     2.2
                                     Is this copy  I   I  Sanitized


                                      (Answer only If "YES" in 2.1)
                                                                                                           Unsanitized
 SECTION 3.  CERTIFICATION  (Important: Read and sign after completing all form sections.)	
 I hereby certify that I have reviewed the attached documents and that,  to the best of my knowledge and belief, the
 submitted information is true and complete and that the amounts  and  values in this report are  accurate based  on
 reasonable estimates using data available to the preparers of this report.
tiarn* and official title of owner/operator or senior management official:
                                                           Signature:
                                                                       Date signed:
   SECTION 4.  FACILITY IDENTIFICATION
                                                         TRI Facility ID Numberl
 4.1
      FacBtv or Estabfehmant Name
                                                  Facility or Establishment Name or Mailing Address (if different from street address) |
                                                         Mailing Address I
C>irfCcw(WStBtoglp..Cod9. ...I
                                                  Citv/Counlv/State/ZIo Code   I
 4.2
This report contains information for:
(impotent; check a a b; check c if applicable)
                                            a.
                     An entire
                     facility
                                        Part of a
                                                                                                       A Federal
 4,3
 Technical Contact Name
                                                                   Telephone Number (Include area code)  I
 4.4
 Public Contact Name
                                                                   Telephone Number (Include area code^ I
 4.5
        SIC Coc)c(s) (4 digits)
 4.6
         Latitude
                    Degrees
                                  Minutes
                                        Seconds
                                                      Longitude
                                                                            Degrees
                                                                                             Minutes
                                                                                                              Seconds
 4.7
 Dun & Bradstrect
 Number® (9 digits)
4.8
EPA Identification Number(s)
(RCRA I.D. No.) (12 characters)
                                                              4.9
Facility NPDES Permit
Number(s) (9 characters)
4.10
Underground Injection Well Code
(UIC) I.D. Number(s) (12 digits)
                                a.
                                                              a.
  b.
                         b.
                                                               b.
                                                                                    b.
  SECTION 5. PARENT COMPANY INFORMATION
  5.1
        Name of Parent Company
                          I   I    NA
        Parent Company's Dun & Bradstreet Number
                                      I   I  NA
                            (9 digits)
iPA FWm 9350-1 {Rev, 04/97) - Previous editions are obsolete.
-------
                                                                                                            Page 2 of 5
                         EPA FORM R
       PART II. CHEMICAL - SPECIFIC INFORMATION
                                                                                    TRI FACILITY ID NUMBER
                                                                             Toxic Chemical, Category, or Generic Name
SECTION 1.TOXIC CHEMICAL IDENTITY
                                                          (Important: DO NOT complete this section if you
                                                          completed Section 2 below.)
      CAS NUMBER  (IMPORTANT: Enter only one number exactly as it appears on the Section 313 list. Enter category code if reporting a chemical category.)
 1.1
      Toxii
         : Chemical or Chemical Category Name (Important: Enter only one name exactly as it appears on the Section 313 list.)
1.2
      Generic Chemical Name (Important: Complete only if Part I, Section 2.1 is checked "yes'. Generic name must be structurally descriptive.)
1.3
SECTION 2. MIXTURE COMPONENT IDENTITY
                                                        (Important:  DO NOT complete this section if you
                                                        complete Section 1 above.)
           : Chemical Name Provided by Supplier (Important: Maximum of 70 characters, Including numbers, letters, spaces, and punctuation.)
2.1
 SECTION 3. ACTIVITIES AND USES OF THE TOXIC CHEMICAL AT THE FACILITY (important: check ail that apply.)
 3.1  Manufacture the toxic chemical:
                                 3.2
                                                Process the toxic chemical:
                                                                              3.3   Otherwise use the toxic chemical:
    a.
             Produce  b. I   I  Import
  	   If produce or import:
'•• I     I   For on-site use/processing
I-1     I   For sale/distribution
e. I     I   As a  byproduct
          As an impurity
                                 a- I    I As a reactant
                                 b. I    I As a formulation component
                                 c. I    I As an article component
                                 d. I     I Repackaging
                                          a.  [     I  As a chemical processing aid
                                          b.  I     I  As a manufacturing aid
                                                    Ancillary or other use
                                          c.
  SECTION 4. MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF THE TOXIC CHEMICAL ON-SITE AT ANY TIME DURING THE
              CALENDAR YEAR                                  	
 4.1
            (Enter two-digit code from instruction  package.)
   SECTION 5.     QUANTITY OF THE TOXIC CHEMICAL ENTERING EACH ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIUM
                                             . Total Release (pounds/year)(enter
                                              range from instructions or estimate)
                                                                   B. Basis of estimate
                                                                     (enter code)
                                                             C. % From Stormwater
 5.1
 5.2
 5.3
      Fugitive or non-point
      air emissions
Stack or point
air emissions
                                    NA
                                    NA
Discharges to receiving streams or
water bodies (enter one name per box)
      Stream or Water Body Name
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.4.1
 Underground  Injection on-site
 to Class I Wells	
NAD
5.4.2
        Underground Injection on-site
       toClE
                 -V We
                               NAD
 If add tional pages of Part II, Section 5.3 are attached, indicate the total number of pages in this box
  nd indicate which Part II, Section 5.3 page this is, here EZU   (example: 1,2,3, etc.)
 EPA Form 9350-1 (Rev. 04/97) - Previous editions are obsolete.
                                                          Range Codes: A = 1 -10 pounds; B = 11 - 499 pounds; C = 500 - 999 pounds.
-------
                           EPA FORM R
      PART II. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
                                                                                                Page 3 of i
                                                                           -TRI FACILITY ID NUMBER
                                                                          Toxic Chemical. Category, or Generic Name
  SECTION 5. QUANTITY OF THE TOXIC CHEMICAL ENTERING EACH ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIUM
 5.5
 5.5.1A
5.5.1 B
5.5.2
 5.5.3
 5.5.4
          Disposal to land on-site
RCRA Subtitle C landfills
Other landfills
Land treatment/application
farming
Surface impoundment
 Other disposal
                                   NA
                               A. Total Release (pounds/year) (enter range
                                  code from instructions or estimate)
                                        B. Basis of Estimate
                                          (enter code)
n
n
n
n
n
   SECTION 6. TRANSFERS OF THE TOXIC CHEMICAL IN WASTES TO OFF-SITE LOCATIONS
          6.1 DISCHARGES TO PUBLICLY OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (POTWs)
       6.1 .A. Total Quantity Transferred to POTWs and Basis of Estimate
       6.1.A.1. Total Transfers (pounds/year)
      	(enter range code or estimate)
                                                         6.1 .A.2 Basis of Estimate
                                                                (enter code)
              POTW Name
 6.1.B.
    POTW Address
 City
                        State
                         County
Zip
6.1.B.
              POTW Name
  POTW Address
 City
                        State
                         County
Zip
 If additional pages of Part II, Section 6.1 are attached, indicate the total number of pages
 in this box I       I  and indicate which Part II, Section 6.1 page this is here l~^n (example:  1,2,3, etc.)
 SECTION 6.2 TRANSFERS TO OTHER OFF-SITE LOCATIONS
 8.2 	OFF-SITE EPA IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (RCRA ID NO.)
Off-Site Location Name
Off-Site Address
 Jtty
                        State
                         County
                                                                            Zip
 & location under control of reporting facility or parent company?
                                                                      Yes      II  No
EPA Form 9350-1 (Rev. 04/97) - Previous editions are obsolete.
                                          Range Codes: A = 1 -10 pounds; B = 11 - 499 pounds; C = 500 - 999 pounds.
-------
                          EPA FORM R
   PART II. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
                                                                                                            Page 4 of 5
                                                                                      TRI FACillTY ID NUMBER
                                                                                        v. or Generic Name
    SECTION 6. 2 TRANSFERS TO OTHER OFF-SITE LOCATIONS (continued)
 A. Total Transfers (pounds/year)
  (enter range code or estimate)
                                B. Basis of Estimate
                                  (enter code)	
                                                         C. Type of Waste Treatment/Disposal/
                                                           Recycling/Energy Recovery (enter code)
 1.
                         1.
                                                                           1.M
 2.
                         2.
                                                                           2.M
                                  3.
                                                                           3.M
                                  4.
                                                                           4.M
6.2
OFF-SITE EPA IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (RCRA  ID NO.)
 Off-Site Location Name
 Off-Site Address
City
                        State
                                      County
                       Zip
 Is location under control of reporting facility or parent company?
                                                                       Yes
                                                                            I     I   No
    A. Total Transfers (pound/year)
      (enter range code or estimate)
                                     B. Basis of Estimate
                                       (enter code)	
                                                        C. Type of Waste Treatment/Disposal/
                                                         Recycling/Energy Recovery (enter code)
 1.
                                    1.
                                                                   1.M
 2.
                          2.
                                                                            2.M
 3.
                          3.
                                                                            3.M
 4.
                          4.
                                                     4.M
        SECTION 7A. ON-SITE WASTE TREATMENT METHODS AND EFFICIENCY
                                   .   Check here if no on-site waste treatment is applied to any
                Not Applicable (NA) - waste stream containing the toxic chemical or chemical category.
 a. General
   Waste Stream
   (enter code)
                                                                              d. Waste Treatment
                                                                                Efficiency
                                                                                Estimate
b. Waste Treatment Method(s) Sequence
  [enter 3-character code(s)]
c. Range of Influent
  Concentration
e. Based on
  Operating Data?
                                                                                                      Yes       No
                                                                                                       n      n
 If additional pages of Part II, Sections 6.2/7A are attached, indicate the total number of pages in this
 box  I    I   and indicate which Part II, Sections 6.2/7A page this is, here. I    I   (example:  1.2.3. etc.)
EPA Form 9350-1 (Rev. 04/97) - Previous editions are obsolete.
                                                      Range Codes: A= 1 -10 pounds; B=11 - 499 pounds; C= 500 - 999 pounds.
-------
                                  EPA FORM R
          PART II. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
                                                                                                           page 5 of 5
                                                                                        TRI FACILITY ID NUMBER
                                                                             Toxic Chemical, Category, or Generic Name
              SECTION 7B. ON-SITE ENERGY RECOVERY PROCESSES
                   Not Applicable (NA) - Check here if no on-site energy recovery is applied to any waste
                  	             stream containing the toxic chemical or chemical category.
       Energy Recovery Methods [enter 3-character code (s)]
  1  L
                                                                         J     4   [
           SECTION 7C. ON-SITE RECYCLING PROCESSES
                 Not applicable (NA) - Check here if no on-site recycling is applied to any waste
                                     stream containing the toxic chemical or chemical category.
        Recycling Methods [enter 3-character code(s)]
                                                                                                5L
        SECTION 8.  SOURCE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING ACTIVITIES
 All quantity estimates can be reported
 using up to two significant figures.
                                       Column A
                                       Prior Year
                                      (pounds/year)
     Column B
Current Reporting Year
    (pounds/year)
  Column C
Following Year
 (pounds/year)
     Column D
Second Following Year
    (pounds/year)
 8.1
        Quantity released*
 8,2
Quantity used for energy recovery
on-site
 8.3
Quantity used for energy recovery
off-site	
 8.4
        Quantity recycled on-site
 8.5
Quantity recycled off-site
 8.6
Quantity treated on-site
 8.7
Quantity treated off-site
8.8
Quantity released to the environment as a result of remedial actions,
catastrophic events, or one-time events not associated with production
processes (pounds/year)
8.9
        Production ratio or activity index
8.10
Did your facility engage in any source reduction activities for this chemical during the reporting year? If not,
enter "NA" in Section 8.10.1 and answer Section 8.11.
           Source Reduction Activities
          	[enter code(s)]	
                                    Methods to Identify Activity (enter codes)
8.10.1
                                          a.
                                                           b.
8.10.2
                                          a.
8.10.3
                                          a.
8.10.4
                                          a.
                                                           b.
8.11
Is additional optional information on source reduction, recycling, or pollution control activities
included with this report? (Check one box)
                                                                                                    YES    NO
                                                                                                    IZZI
* Report releases pursuant to EPCRA Section 329(8) including "any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging,
  Injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, or disposing into the environment." Do not include any quantity treated on-site or off-site.
EPA Foon 9350 -1 (Rev. 04/97) - Previous editions are obsolete.

            iiii!;  ,	.,,'i .  . 	; iHlilli  	    •  ',,,;
-------
(IMPORTANT: Type or print; read instructions before completing form)    Form Approved: OMB #2070-0143  Form Expires: OS/SI/QS    Page 1 of 2
                 United States
                 Environmental Protection Agency
                                      TOXIC CHEMICAL RELEASE INVENTORY
                                                          FORM A
WHERE TO SEND
THIS STATEMENT:
        1. EPCRA Reporting Center
          P.O. Box 3348
          Merrifield, VA 22116-3348
          ATTN: TOXIC CHEMICAL RELEASE INVENTORY
                    2. APPROPRIATE STATE OFFICE
                      (See instructions in Appendix F)
                 Enter'There if
                 this is a revision
                   PART I.  FACILITY IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION
   SECTION 1.

   REPORTING
      YEAR
     19
                             SECTION 2.  TRADE SECRET INFORMATION
             2.1
             2.2
                     Are you claiming the toxic chemical identified on page 2 trade secret?
   Yes: Answer question 2.2 and
   attach substantiation forms.
No: Do not answer 2.2; continue
with Section 3.
If you answered yes in 2.1, is this copy:
                                                                          Sanitized
                  Unsanitized
SECTION 3. CERTIFICATION  (Important:  Please read and sign after completing the statement.)
I hereby certify that to the best of my knowledge and belief, for the toxic chemical listed in this statement, the annual
reportable amount, as defined in 40 CFR 372.27(a), did not exceed 500 pounds for this reporting year and that the chemical
was manufactured, processed, or otherwise used in an amount not exceeding 1 million pounds during this reporting year.
Name and official title of owner/operator or senior management official
Signature
                                                         Date Signed
 SECTION 4. FACILITY IDENTIFICATION
         Facility or Establishment Name
                                                           TRI Facility ID Number |
         Mailing Address (if different from street address)
          City  I
   4.1
                             State
                                                                 Zip Code :
         Street Address
                                  County
                                                       State
                                                                       Zip Code
  4.2
This report contains information for:
(Important: check c if applicable; a and b have been intentionally left blank)
                                                           A Federal
                                                             facility
  4.3
          Technical Contact
                               Name
                                                                   Telephone Number (include area code)
EPA Form 9350-2 (Rev. 11/94)
-------
(IMPORTANT: Type or print; read Instructions before completing form)
                                                                                 Page 2 of 2
 J**, C D A  United states
                Environmental Protection Agency
                                    TOXIC CHEMICAL RELEASE INVENTORY
                                                        FORMA
 SECTION 4.  FACILITY IDENTIFICATION (Continued)
  4.4
Intentionally left blank
  4.5
SIC Code
(4-digit)
                                               c.
                                                            d.
  4.6
Latitude
and
Longitude
                                      Latitude
                         Degrees
Minutes
                                                                            Longitude
Seconds
Degrees
                                       Minutes
Seconds
  4.7
Dun & Bradstreet Number(s)  (9 digits)
  4.8
EPA Identification Number(s) (RCRA I.D. No.)
                               (12 characters)
  4.9
Facility NPDES Permit Number(s)
                    (9 characters)
  4.10
Underground Injection Well Code (UIC) I.D.
Number(s)                      (12 digits)
  SECTION 5.  PARENT COMPANY INFORMATION
  5.1
         Name of Parent Company
        n
  5.2
         Parent Company's Dun & Bradstreet Number
    NA
                       (9 digits)
                               PART II.  CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
 SECTION 1. TOXIC CHEMICAL IDENTITY
  1.1
        CAS Number (Important: Enter only one number exactly as it appears on the Section 313 list. Enter category code if reporting a chemical category.)
  1.2
        Toxic Chemical or Chemical Category Name (Important: Enter only one name exactly as it appears on the Section 313 list.)
  1.3
        Generic Chemical Name (Important: Complete only if Part I, Section 2.1 is checked "yes." Generic Name must be structurally descriptive.)
  SECTION 2.  MIXTURE COMPONENT IDENTITY
  2.1
        Generic Chemical Name Provided by Supplier (Important: Maximum of 70 characters, including numbers.letters, spaces, and punctuation.)
EPA Form 9350-2 (Rev. 11/94)
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