MAY 2  1  1997
Snow Hill, Maryland

Worcester County
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        Maryland Department of Transportation
        State Highway Administration

                                  May 21,1997

                             Project No. WO720B11
                             US 113 Planning Study
                       Draft Environmental Impact Statement/
                             Section 4(f) Evaluation
                               PDMS No. 232061
                                                                     David L. Winstead
                                                                     Secretary

                                                                     Parker F. Williams
                                                                     Administrator
       Enclosed for your review and comment is the approved Draft Environmental
Impact Statement/ Section 4(f) Evaluation for the US 113 project. This document has
been prepared in accordance with the CEQ Regulations and 23 CFR 771.
to:
      You are requested to provide comments on or before July 17, 1997

                              Mr. Louis H. Ege, Jr.
                                Deputy Director
                   Office of Planning and Preliminary Engineering
                                Mailstop C-301
                          State Highway Administration
                             707 North Calvert Street
                           Baltimore, Maryland 21202

All responses will be considered in developing the final document.
                              Very truly yours,
                                                  ctor
                              Neil J. Pedersen, of
                              Office of Planning a
                              Preliminary Engineering
NJP:LS
Enclosure
cc:    Mr. Donnie Drewer
      Mr. Louis H. Ege, Jr.
      Mr. Joseph R. Kresslein
      Mrs. Suseela Rajan
      Mr. Doug Rose
      Ms. Lorraine Straw
                   My telephone number is
                     Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech .
                           1 -800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free
               Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
           Street Address:  707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202

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               UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                             WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
                                                                       OFFICE OF
                                                                    ENFORCEMENT AND
                                                                   COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE
Date
The US Environmental Protection Agency has received the

    l*/l DRAFT        /  / FINAL      /  /  SUPPLEMENTAL

Environmental Impact Statement prepared by the (Agency)
entitled
The above document has been hand carried to the USEPA for official filing
purposes by the undersigned.  The undersigned also verifies that complete
distribution to all Agencies/persons has been made simultaneously with this filing.
                                      Name of Person Filing EIS
                                              Title
                                         Telephone Number
          Recyclซd/Rซcyclable . Printed with Vegetable Oil Based Inks on 100% Recycled Paper (40% Postconsumer)

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                                    REPORT NUMBER - FHWA-MD-EIS-97-02(D)
                                      Federal Highway Administration Region III

                                        US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                         from south of Snow Hill, Maryland to Delaware State Line
                                       Worcester County, Maryland
                                      ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION
                           DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT
                                      SECTION 4(f) EVALUATION
                            Submitted Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 4332 (2)(c), 49 U.S.C. 303,
                                  and CEQ Regulations (40 CFR 1500 et seq.)
 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
 FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
 REGION III, MARYLAND DIVISION
               MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
       and                  STATE HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
                 Cooperating Agencies:
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
 FEDERAL HIGJ^vV/^Y ADMINISTRATION
 Division Administrator
                                                                             
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US 113 Planning Study
VIII.  DISTRIBUTION LIST

•*    Federal Agencies

      Mr. Robert J. Klumpe
      State Conservationist
      NRCS
      U.S. Department of Agriculture
      339 Revell Highway, Suite 301
      Annapolis, MD 21401

      Mr. Jonathan Deason, Director
      Office of Environmental Policy and Compliance
      U.S. Department of the Interior
      Main  Interior Building, MS 2340
       18th and C Streets, N.W.
      Washington, D.C. 20240

      U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
      ATTN: Ms. Danielle Agazzi
      Region m
      Mr. Roy Denmark
      NEPA Program Manager (3EP30)
      841 Chestnut Street
      Philadelphia, PA 19107

      Mr. John Nichols
      Habitat and Protected Resources
      904 South Morris Street
       Oxford, MD  21654

      Mr. Donald Klima
       Chief, Eastern Division of Project Review
       Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
      The Old Post Office Building
       1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Suite 809
      Washington, D.C. 20004

       Mr. John Wolflin
       U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
       Delmarva Office
       177 Admiral Cochrane Drive
       Annapolis, MD 21401
       ATTN: David Sutherland

       Director
       NOAA/CS/EC/Room 6222
       Department of Commerce
       14th and Constitution Avenue, N.W.
       Washington, D.C. 20230
                                        VIII-1

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l/S 113 Planning Study
       Commander
       U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
       P.O. Box 1715
       10 S. Howard Street
       Baltimore, MD 21201
       Attn:  NABPO-F
             Ms. Michelle Gomez

       Mr. Steven Graham
       Federal Railroad Administration
       Office of Economic Analysis
       (RRP-32)
       400 Seventh Street, S.W.
       Washington,  D.C.  20590

       Regional Director
       Federal Emergency Management Agency
       Liberty Square Building
       105 South 7th Street
       Philadelphia, PA 19106
       Attn: Mr. Walter Pierson

       State Agencies

       Mr. William Carroll, Chief
       State Clearinghouse
       Maryland Office of Planning
       301 West Preston Street
       Baltimore, MD 21201

              Local Governments
              Maryland Office of Planning
              Department of Natural Resources
              Department of Budget and Fiscal Planning
              Department of General Services
              Department of Housing and Community Development
              Department of Education
              Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
              Interagency Committee for School Construction
              Maryland Historical Trust
              Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services

       Ms. Kathleen Fay
       Maryland State Department of Education
       State Depository Distribution Center •
       Public Depository and Distribution Program
       Enoch Pratt Free Library
       400 Cathedral Street
       Baltimore, MD  21201
                                         VIII-2

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US 113 Planning Study
      Mr. Ray Dintaman
      Maryland Department of Natural Resources
      Environmental Review Unit
      Tawes State Office Building, B-3
      Annapolis, MD 21401

      Mr. Elder Ghigiarelli
      Water Management Administration
      Maryland Department of the Environment
      2500 Broening Highway
      Baltimore, MD 21224

      Mr. Steve Dawson
      Non-Tidal Wetlands & Waterways Division
      Water Management Administration
      Maryland Department of the Environment
      District Court/Multiservice Center
      201 Baptist Street #22
      Salisbury, MD 21801

      Director
      Public Affairs
      Maryland Department of Transportation
      BWI Airport

      Mr. Fred Rappe, Director
      Office of Systems Planning
      and Evaluation
      Maryland Department of Transportation
      BWI Airport

      Office of General Counsel
      Maryland Department of Transportation

      Maryland State Law Library
      Upper Level Court of Appeal Building
      361 Rowe Boulevard
      Annapolis, MD 21401

      Ms. Lynda Davis, Director
      Library and Information Services Division
      Department of Legislative Reference
      90 State Circle
      Annapolis, MD 21401-1991
                                       VIII-3

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US 113 Planning Study
      County / Local Government

      Worcester Planning Department
      1 West Market Street
      Room 1116 Court House
      Snow Hill MD 21863-1070

      Worcester Police/Fire/Emergency
      1 West Market Street
      Room L14 Court House
      Snow Hill MD 21863

      Worcester Department of Public Works
      c/o Worcester County Commissioners
      1 West Market Street
      Court House
      Snow Hill, MD  21863

      Worcester Department of Parks and Recreation
      6022 Public Landing Road
      Snow Hill, MD  21863

      Worcester Department of Economic Development
       105 Pearl Street
      Snow Hill, MD  21863

      The Honorable James Barrett
      President
      Worcester County Commissioners
       Courthouse
       Snow Hill, MD 21863

       The Honorable Robert Cowger, Jr.
       Commissioner
       Worcester County Commissioners
       Courthouse
       Snow Hill, MD 21863

       The Honorable Jeanne Lynch
       Commissioner
       Worcester County Commissioners
       Courthouse
       Snow Hill, MD 21863

       The Honorable James Purnell
       Commissioner
       Worcester County Commissioners
       Courthouse
       Snow Hill, MD 21863
                                        VIII-4

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US 113 Planning Study
      The Honorable Granville Trimper
      Vice President
      Commissioner
      Worcester County Commissioners
      Courthouse
      Snow Hill, MD 21863

      Citizens Groups

      Mr. Robert G. Hulburd, President
      CRASH
      3122 Ocean Pines
      Berlin, MD 21811

      Mr. Michael Pennington, President
      Friendship Community Association
      10143 Three Penny Lane
      Berlin, MD 21811

      Mr. H. Clay Reister, IV, Vice President
      Friendship Community Association
      10577 Worcester Highway
      Berlin, MD 21811

      Mr. David H. Vomacka, Ph.D.
      Woolpert LLP
      409 East Monument Avenue
      Dayton, OH 45402-1261
                                      VIII-5

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 US 113 Planning Study
                                   Table of Contents
Signature Page/Contacts/Abstract
Summary

       1.
       2.
       3.
       4.
       5.
       6.
       7.
       8.
       9.
       10.
       11.
Administration Action	
Informational Contacts	
Introduction 	
Description of Proposed Action/Purpose and Need
Alternatives Considered	
Summary of Environmental Impacts	
Permits Required	
Areas of Controversy	
Public Involvement Process	
Summary Table S-l  	
Environmental Assessment Form (EAF)	,
. S-l
. S-l
. S-l
. S-l
. S-4
. S-5
. S-8
. S-8
.S-8
. S-9
S-10
Table of Contents
I.      Purpose of and Need for Action
       A.   Introduction	
       B.   Project Location and Description	
       C.   Project Need	
            1.   Existing Roadway Conditions	
            2.   Traffic Volumes and Levels of Service ..
            3.   Overall Safety Experience	
            4.   Fatal Accidents	
       D.   Planning and Project History 	
       E.    County and State Programs	
       F.    Relationship to Other Modes of Transportation
                                                                    . 1-1
                                                                    . 1-1
                                                                    . 1-1
                                                                    . 1-2
                                                                    . 1-3
                                                                    . 1-5
                                                                    . 1-9
                                                                    Ml
                                                                    1-12
                                                                    1-13

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 US 113 Planning Study
II.    Alternatives Considered

       A.   History of US 113	H-l
       B.   Preliminary Alternatives  	n-2
       C.   Alternatives Presented at the Alternates Public Workshop
            1.   Introduction	H-3
            2.   No-Build Alternatives (Alternatives IS and IN)	n-4
            3.   Transportation Systems Management Alternative
                 (Alternatives 2S and 2N)	H-4
            4.   Dualization Alternatives	H-5
       D.   Alternatives Currently Under Consideration
            1.   Introduction	H-8
            2.   No-Build Alternatives (Alternatives IS and IN) - Baseline 	E-9
            3.   Transportation Systems Management Alternatives
                 Alternatives 2S and 2N 	II-9
            4.   Alternative 2S-20' Median	H-15
            5.   Introduction to Dualization Alternative	n-19
            6.   Dualization Alternatives Along The Existing Alignment in
                 the Southern Study Area  	n-19
            7.   Dualization Alternatives Along The Existing Alignment in
                 the Northern Study Area  	0-23
            8.   Dualization Alternatives in New Alignment in the Northern Study Area . H-29
            9.   Dualization Alternatives Along a Combination of Existing and
                 New Alignments in the Northern Study Area  	n-32

III.    Affected Environment

       A.   Social, Economic and Land Use
            1.   Social Environment	ffl-1
            2.   Economic Environment	ffl-l 1
       B.   Cultural Resources
            1.   Significant Historic Structures	ffl-20
            2.   Archeological Sites  	ffl-23
       C.   Topography, Geology, and Soils
            1.   Topography  	ffl-25
            2.   Geology	ffl-25
            3.   Soils	ffl-26
       ฃ>.   Farmlands	,	ffl-28
       E.   Ground Water Resources  	ffl-31
                                          n

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US 113 Planning Study
                                         SUMMARY

1.     Administrative Action

       Federal Highway Administration:
               (  )    Environmental Assessment
               (X)    Draft Environmental Impact Statement
               (  )    Final Environmental Impact Statement
               (  )    Findings of No Significant Impact
               (X)    Section 4(f) Evaluation

2.     Informational Contacts

The following persons may be contacted for additional information concerning this document:
3.
Ms. Renee Sigel
Planning, Research and
Environmental Team Leader
Federal Highway Administration
The Rotunda - Suite 220
711 West 40th Street
Baltimore, MD 21211
PHONE: (410) 962-4342 ext. 116
HOURS: 7:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.

Introduction
                                                   Mr. Louis H. Ege, Jr.
                                                   Deputy Director
                                                   Office of Planning and Preliminary Engineering
                                                   State Highway Administration
                                                   707 North Calvert Street
                                                   Mailstop C-301
                                                   Baltimore, MD 21202
                                                   PHONE: (410) 545-8500  or  1-800-548-5026
                                                   HOURS: 7:30  a.m. - 4:30 p.m.
This document presents the results of studies that have been completed to address both National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA) and US Army Corps of Engineers Section 404 Permit requirements. NEPA focuses on
environmental analysis of alternatives, whereas the Corps Section 404 permit addresses specific impacts to
wetlands and Waters of the U.S. in accordance with the Clean Water Act. In addition, the study has addressed
Section 4(0 requirements of the U.S. Department of Transportation Act.

4.     Description of Proposed Action/Purpose and Need

US 113 departs from US  13 near Pocomoke City, Maryland and extends north 40 miles in Maryland and 60
miles  in Delaware, rejoining US 13 in Dover, Delaware.  US  113  provides a critical connection on the
Delmarva Peninsula for through and local traffic, including recreation trips. The proposed action would
improve the remaining two-lane sections (23.8 miles) of US 113 (Worcester Highway) within Maryland,
thereby improving safety conditions and traffic operations.

The project area, located in Worcester County and shown in Figure S-l, consists of two study areas:

•   The southern study area extends along US 113 from south of Snow Hill, Maryland to south of Berlin,
    Maryland  (approximately 16.3  miles,  from latitude 38ฐ08'30"/longitude 75ฐ24'45" to latitude
    38ฐ 17'45"/longitude 75ฐ 13'30").

•   The northern study area extends from north of Berlin to the Delaware state line (approximately 7.5
    miles, from latitude 38ฐ21'15"/longitude 75ฐ12'45" to latitude 38ฐ27'00"/longitude 75ฐ 14'00").
                                              S-l

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Salisbury
                                      Southern Study Area
                                          16.3 miles
                                        US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                          Vicinity
                                            Map

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STUDY
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               US 113 PLANNING STUDY
               STUDY AREA
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US 113 Planning Study
US 113  directly links Pocomoke City, Snow Hill (the Worcester County seat) and Berlin, and
indirectly serves Ocean City (the second most populated city in Maryland during the summer
vacation season). US 113 dates from the late 1600s; it was an earth and shell road until 1906, when
portions of it were paved. The last segment near the Delaware state line was paved in 1921.

The purpose of this study is to improve safety conditions and traffic operations along the two-lane
portions of US 113 from south of Snow Hill to the Delaware state line. The need for this project is
demonstrated by the number of fatal accidents which have occurred along the two-lane portions of
US 113 over the past 16 years at a rate which exceeds the statewide  average for similar two-lane
rural highways in Maryland.  In addition, the Level of Service (LOS) for the northern study area will
decline from its  current LOS D rating during the summer months, to an expected LOS F by the
design year 2020. The Purpose and Need for improvements along the two-lane portions of US 113,
which  are fully described in Chapter I of this document, are summarized as follows:

*  Existing Roadway Conditions: US 113, combined with US  13 and US 50, form the backbone
    of the transportation system for the lower Eastern Shore of Maryland. US 113 is a four-lane
    divided roadway south of Snow Hill, through the Berlin area, and north of the Delaware state
    line. Figure S-l shows the southern and northern study areas addressing the remaining two-lane
    portions of US 113. Figures S-2A through S-2D present these study areas in more detail, further
    defining the extent of divided and undivided roadways.  The southern study area, from
    immediately south of Snow Hill  to just south of Berlin (16.3 miles), consists of a two-lane
    undivided roadway with two 12-foot lanes and 10-foot shoulders.  A four-lane divided highway
    was  constructed in the late 1960's/early 1970's around the east side of Berlin. The northern
    study area, from north of Berlin to the Delaware state line (7.5 miles), consists of a two-lane
    undivided roadway with two 11-foot lanes and 8-foot shoulders. Within the northern study area,
    horizontal curves along US 113 at MD 452, Pitts Road, and Jarvis Road are less than desirable
    (see Figures S-2A through S-2D for locations of traffic signals/flashing  signals and sharp
    horizontal curves).

^  Traffic Volumes and Levels of Service: Average daily traffic  (ADT) volumes range from
    3,500 to 7,500 vehicles per day for the southern study area and 6,400 to 12,200 vehicles per day
    for the northern study area. The existing summer ADT (defined to  be Saturdays between
    Memorial  Day and Labor Day) ranges from 4,900 to 8,900 vehicles per day for  the southern
    study area and 8,300 to 18,500 vehicles per day for the northern study area.  Design year 2020
    traffic volumes in the southern study area are predicted to increase over these existing volumes
    by approximately 44 percent for both the average day and summer weekend day.  Design year
    2020 traffic volumes in the northern study area are predicted to increase over these existing
    volumes by  approximately 64 percent for both the average day and summer weekend day.
    Existing and projected ADT volumes are presented in Table I-1.

    Drivers in rural areas typically expect less traffic congestion than do drivers in urban and
    suburban areas.  Existing levels of traffic service (LOS) along US  113 are acceptable during an
    average day, however, in the summer months the road operates at LOS D in the northern study
    area. In 2020, US 113  is expected to operate at LOS C and D in the southern study area
                                          S-2

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US 113 Planning Study
    including summer weekends, but is expected to operate at LOS D on weekdays all year in the
    northern study area, and LOS F between MD 589 and the Delaware state line  on summer
    weekends.

    Safety: Fatalities have been occurring along US 113 at an alarming rate. Improvements to the
    two-lane portions of US 113 from south of Snow Hill to the Delaware state line are needed in
    order  to address the safety problems  occurring along  the corridor.   A  local citizen's
    organization, County Residents Action for Safer Highways (CRASH), has been very vocal in
    their support for safety improvements to address the accidents on the two-lane portions of US
    113. As a direct consequence of the efforts of CRASH, the Governor and study  area elected
    officials (senators, delegates, and mayors) requested that SHA study the characteristics of US
    113 and develop solutions that will create a safer roadway. A primary goal of this  project is to
    identify safety solutions, thereby minimizing future fatal accidents.

    As shown on Table 1-2, US 113 experienced a total of 947 accidents from January 1980 through
    December 1995 (a 16-year period). The fatal accident rate is equal to or greater than the
    statewide average rate for both study areas, and the rate for injury accidents and property
    damage accidents in the northern study area is greater than the statewide average rate for the
     1980 through 1995 period.

    Table  1-3 presents a detailed analysis for  the accidents which occurred along the two-lane
    portions of US 113 for the 6-year period from 1990 through 1995. The following observations
    may be drawn from these 6-years of accident data:

    •   the statistically determined fatal accident rate is equal to or higher than the statewide
        average rate for both study areas and significantly greater in the northern study area.

     •   the overall accident rate in the northern study area is greater than the statewide  average
        rate.

     •   the accident rates in the northern study area for angle collisions, fixed object, opposite
       " direction and pedestrian accidents are greater than the statewide average, and significantly
        greater statistically for angle collisions and fixed object accidents.

     •   furthermore, in the northern study area, the wet surface related accidents and alcohol
        related accidents are significantly greater statistically than the statewide average rate.

     The high number of fatal accidents is a primary purpose for conducting this study. Fall and
     summer have represented the seasons that experience the highest number of fatal accidents.
     Figures I-1A through ID identifies the locations and provides a description of the  40 fatal
     accidents for the period January 1980 through April 1997 (17 years plus 4 months). A total of
     46 people have died as a result of vehicular accidents along the two-lane portions of US
     113 during the January 1980 through April 1997 period. Additional details on these fatal
     accidents are presented in Table 1-4.
                                            5-3

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US 113 Planning Study
5.  Alternatives Considered

This study has identified transportation alternatives that address the project need while minimizing
impacts to the social, cultural, and natural environment. After the project termini were determined,
preliminary alignments were  developed based on mapping showing environmental constraints.
Following a Public Alternates Meeting held in November 1995  and based on citizen and
environmental agency comments, the following alternatives were retained for detailed study. All
reasonable alternatives are now under consideration; a decision will be made after the alternatives'
impacts and comments on the DEIS and from the public hearing have been fully evaluated.

•  No-Build Alternatives (Alternatives IS and IN)

The No-Build Alternatives would not provide significant improvements to the existing roadways;
minor improvements would occur as part of normal maintenance and safety operations. The routine
maintenance operations would not measurably reduce the accident rate or affect roadway capacity.
Site specific improvements have been recently implemented, or are programmed for implementation
by SHA. Although the No-Build Alternatives will not meet the project need, they are being used as
the baseline for comparison with the other alternatives.

•  Transportation Systems Management Alternatives (Alternatives 2S and 2N)

The Transportation Systems Management (TSM) Alternatives would provide improvements to 41
of the 45 existing intersections along US 113 and a full length pavement overlay in order to enhance
safety and reduce traffic congestion without major alteration to the existing two-lane highway. The
improvements would be part of an integrated plan of phased safety and capacity improvements. The
TSM Alternatives include short-term spot  improvements  such as signing  and marking,  street
lighting, warning flashers, traffic signals and intersection relocation; as well  as longer-term
improvements such as additional turning, acceleration/deceleration, and bypass lanes; skid resistant
pavement overlays with rumble slots along the centerline and edge of travel lane; and the limiting
of passing through intersection areas.

•  2-Lanes with 20' Median Alternative (Alternative 2S-20' Median)

This alternative would provide a 20-foot wide median (either paved or grass) with guardrail and
typically one (1) lane per direction along existing US 113 in only the southern study area.  Designed
in accordance with 60 MPH criteria, 10-foot wide paved shoulders and 20-foot wide safety grading
would be provided (except in environmentally sensitive areas, where the safety grading would be
replaced by guardrail to reduce impacts). At intersections, left turn  lanes would be provided in the
median; right turn lanes would be provided where warranted by traffic volumes. In order to facilitate
passing maneuvers, four (4) passing lanes 12-foot wide and approximately 1 to 1.25 miles in length
(two for northbound and two for southbound traffic) would be provided. Passing would be prohibited
at all other locations. The seven (7) plates for this alternative are presented in Appendix A (scale:
1" = 400')-
                                           5-4

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US 113 Planning Study
+  Dualization Alternatives (3S, 3N, 4N Modified, and Combination Alternative)

Each of the Dualization Alternatives propose a four-lane divided roadway with a median (both 20-
foot wide and 34-foot wide medians are being evaluated). Access would be partially controlled and
landscaping in the median and on the roadside would be included. The Southern Dualization
Alternatives are being evaluated in accordance with 60 MPH design criteria (Alternative 3S); 50
MPH and 60 MPH design criteria are being evaluated for the Dualization Alternatives along existing
US 113 in the northern study area (Alternative 3N); the  new location and combination alternatives
are being evaluated for 60 MPH design criteria. The northern Dualization Alternatives (Alternatives
3N, 4N Modified, and the Combination Alternative) have been developed in segments with common
endpoints so that they can be used in various combinations to produce the alternative with the least
impacts and lowest cost while still meeting the project need. The ten (10) plates for the Dualization
Alternatives are presented in Appendix A (Scale: 1" =  400').

Dualization on Existing Alignment (Alternatives 3S and 3N): The dualization of existing US 113
would  involve the construction of a new two-lane roadway adjacent to the existing facility and the
retention of the existing roadway as the northbound or  southbound roadway to the extent possible
in both the southern and northern study areas. These alternatives would use existing right-of-way
where  possible. A new interchange would be provided along this alignment at MD 90.

Dualization on New Alignment (Alternative 4N Modified): The dualization on new alignment
would  involve the construction of a new four-lane divided roadway only in the northern study area.
The roadway would be constructed on new  location to minimize impacts to residential and
commercial properties.  A new interchange would be provided along this alignment at MD 90. The
preliminary new alignment alternatives presented at the Alternates Public Meeting in November
1995 have been combined and revised to create Alternative 4N Modified. These revisions resulted
in fewer impacts to the natural and socioeconomic environments.

Combination Alternative: A Combination Alternative which uses parts of Alternative 3N (60 MPH
design speed only)  and Alternative 4N Modified is also being considered in the northern study area.
The Combination Alternative follows the Alternative 4N Modified alignment from US 50 through
the previously graded interchange area at MD 90, then crosses US 113 near MD 589 and bypasses
the Town of Showell to the east.  The Combination Alternative ties back into existing US 113 just
north of Showell, and then follows Alternative 3N along the existing alignment of US 113 to the
northern project terminus at the Delaware state line.  A new interchange would be provided along
this alignment at MD 90.

6.   Summary of Environmental Impacts

The majority of  the US 113 Study Area is rural, with adjacent land uses consisting of agricultural
land, rural residential and business developments,  several historic  properties, forested areas, and
wetlands/Waters of the US. Table S-l presents a summary of the environmental impacts for each
alternative.
                                           5-5

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US 113 Planning Study
    Alternatives IS and IN (No-Build) is being evaluated as the baseline condition and would
    have no environmental impacts.

    Alternatives 2S and 2N (TSM) would be constructed primarily within existing right of way
    and would have minimal environmental impacts.

    Alternative 2S - 20' Median (60 MPH) (2 lanes with 20-foot wide median along existing US
    113 in the southern study area) requires the acquisition of 4 residences (1 minority), 1 business,
    and 31  acres of additional right-of-way. Furthermore, 5.8 acres of wetlands, 9.5 acres of
    floodplains, 39 acres of upland forest, 8 acres of upland meadow, and 56 acres of landscape/turf
    areas would be required. Two (2) areas of archeological resources would be affected.

    Alternative 3S - 20' Median (60 MPH) (dualize along existing US 113 in the southern study
    area) requires the acquisition of 2 residences (1 minority), 1 business, and 67 acres of additional
    right-of-way. Furthermore, 11.8 acres of wetlands, 7.1 acres of floodplains, 47 acres of upland
    forest, 10 acres of upland meadow, and 67 acres of landscaped/turf areas would be required.
    Ten (10) areas of archeological resources would be affected.

    Alternative 3S - 34' Median (60 MPH) (dualize along existing US 113 in the southern study
    area) requires the acquisition of 2 residences (1 minority), 1 business, and 74 acres of additional
    right-of-way. Furthermore, 13.6 acres of wetlands, 8.4 acres of floodplains, 52 acres of upland
    forest, 11 acres of upland meadow, and 74 acres of landscaped/turf areas would be required. Ten
    (10) areas of archeological resources would be affected.

    Alternative 3N - 20' Median/50 MPH (dualize along existing US 113 in the northern study
    area) requires the acquisition of 19 residences (5 minority), 7 businesses, and 86 acres of
    additional right-of-way (including a total of 0.99 acres from NRE three historic properties).
    Furthermore, 3.6 acres of wetlands, 5.2 acres of floodplains, 14 acres of upland forest, 15 acres
    of upland meadow, and 46 acres of landscaped/turf areas would be required. Six (6) areas of
    archeological resources would be affected.

    Alternative 3N - 34' Median/50 MPH (dualize along existing US 113 in the northern study
    area) requires the acquisition of 22 residences (5 minority), 7 businesses, and 97 acres of
    additional right-of-way (including a total of 1.13 acres from NRE three historic properties).
    Furthermore, 4.3 acres of wetlands, 5.7 acres of floodplains, 16 acres of upland forest, 17 acres
    of upland meadow, and 52 acres of landscaped/turf areas would be required. Six (6) areas of
    archeological resources would be affected.

    Alternative 3N - 20' Median/60 MPH (dualize along existing US 113 in the northern study
    area) requires the acquisition of 23 residences (5 minority), 6 businesses, and 122 acres of
    additional right-of-way (including a total of 1.11 acres from NRE three historic properties).
    Furthermore, 6.6 acres of wetlands, 8.0 acres of floodplains, 15 acres of upland forest, 17 acres
    of upland meadow, and 51 acres of landscaped/turf areas would be required. Six (6) areas of
    archeological resources would be affected.
                                           5-6

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175113 Planning Study
    Alternative 3N - 34' Median/60 MPH (dualize along existing US 113 in the northern study
    area) requires the acquisition of 24 residences (5 minority), 6 businesses, and 136 acres of
    additional right-of-way (including a total of 1.36 acres from NRE three historic properties).
    Furthermore, 7.5 acres of wetlands, 8.5 acres of floodplains, 17 acres of upland forest, 19 acres
    of upland meadow, and 57 acres of landscaped/turf areas would be required.  Six (6) areas of
    archeological resources would be affected.

    Alternative 4N Modified - 20' Median (60 MPH) (construct new dual highway in new
    location in the northern study area) requires the acquisition of 7 residences, 4 businesses, and
    111  acres of additional right-of-way. Furthermore, 22.4 acres  of wetlands, 2.7 acres  of
    floodplains, 53  acres  of  upland forest,  15 acres of upland meadow, and 15 acres  of
    landscaped/turf areas would be required. Two (2) areas of archeological resources would be
    affected.

    Alternative 4N Modified - 34' Median (60 MPH) (construct new dual highway in new
    location in the northern study area) requires the acquisition of 8 residences, 4 businesses, and
    123  acres of additional right-of-way. Furthermore, 24.8 acres  of wetlands, 3.0 acres  of
    floodplains, 59  acres  of  upland forest,  17 acres of upland meadow, and 17 acres  of
    landscaped/turf areas would be required. Two (2) areas of archeological resources would be
    affected.

    Combination Alternative 3N/4N- 20' Median (60 MPH) (a combination of dual highways
    in new location/existing location in the northern study area) requires the acquisition of 15
    residences, 4 businesses, and  102 acres of additional right-of-way.  Furthermore, 11.2 acres of
    wetlands (4 minority), 2.9 acres of floodplains, 48 acres of upland forest, 17 acres of upland
    meadow, and 17 acres of landscaped/turf areas would be required.  Two (2) areas  of
    archeological resources would be affected.

    Combination Alternative 3N/4N - 34' Median (60 MPH) (a combination of dual highways
    in new location/existing location in the northern study area) requires the acquisition of 15
    residences (4 minority), 4 businesses, and 113 acres of additional right-of-way.  Furthermore,
    12.4 acres of wetlands, 3.1 acres of floodplains, 53 acres of upland forest, 19 acres of upland
    meadow, and  19  acres of  landscaped/turf areas  would be required. Two (2) areas  of
    archeological resources would be affected.
                                           5-7

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US 113 Planning Study
7.  Permits Required

Construction of this project would require review and approval for the following permits:
        U.S. Army Corps of Engineers:
        Maryland Department of the Environment:

        Maryland Department of the Environment:

        Maryland Department of the Environment:
        Maryland Department of the Environment:
        Maryland Department of the Environment:
8.  Areas of Controversy
Section 404 Permit
National  Pollutant Discharge  Elimination
System (NPDES) pennit
Approved Sediment and Erosion Control
Plan
Approved Stormwater Management Plan
Water Quality Certificate
Nontidal/Tidal  Wetland and  Waterways
Permit
The major resource agency concern expressed about this project pertains to the loss of wetlands
associated with the Dualization Alternatives 3S, 3N, 4N Modified, and Combination Alternative.
Other concerns include impacts to cultural resources, noise impacts, and loss of farmland.

Community concerns focus on the continued frequency of fatal accidents along US 113 as evidenced
by the strong advocacy position taken by CRASH in support of dualizing US 113.  Li addition,
residents of the Friendship community along US 113 in the vicinity of MD 90 strongly support the
new location dualize alternatives (i.e. Alternative 4N Modified and the Combination Alternative
N/4N Modified); they believe that dualization along existing US 113 (Alternative 3N) will divide
their community.

9.  Public Involvement Process

A public involvement program has been conducted as part of this study. Components of the program
have included:

•   A Project Initiation Meeting held with elected officials, representatives of CRASH, elected
    officials, the press, SHA, and others on March 8, 1995.

•   Field Review Meetings conducted with elected officials, resource agency representatives,
    representatives of CRASH, SHA and others on August 3 and 4,1995.

•   Displays, documents and staff to answer citizens* questions and receive comments in SHA's
    District  1 Offices (located in Salisbury on the Delmarva peninsula).

•   Alternates Public Meeting (held November 1995) to present results of initial screening of
    preliminary alternatives.
                                         5-8

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US 113 Planning Study
•   Briefings to civic groups and community associations.

•   Letters sent to churches in the study area to solicit participation by a wide range of area
    residents, including minority residents and low income residents.

The Location/Design Public Hearings will be held June 17,1997. Comments on this DEIS may be
made at the Public Hearing or within 30 days after the Hearing. The exact time and location of the
Hearing will be announced via notices in local newspapers and a notice will be sent to everyone on
the mailing list.  The time and location may also be obtained by contacting the persons noted on the
signature page.

10. Summary Table S-l

Table S-l, shown on the following pages, presents a summary of the social, economic and natural
environmental impacts of the  project alternatives presented in this document. The following
alternatives are addressed:

+  Left Side of Table (Southern Study Area: 16.3 miles)

    •  Alt. IS:     No Build - retain existing one lane per direction.

    •  Alt. 2S:     Transportation Systems Management (TSM) - one lane per direction with
                    intersection improvements

    •  Alt. 2S-20' Median: One lane per direction with 20-foot  wide median/guardrail and
                           passing lanes (and 60 MPH design speed).

    •  Alt. 3S-20* Median: Dualization to provide 4 lanes along existing US 113 and 20-foot
                           wide median/guardrail (and 60 MPH design speed).

    •  Alt. 3S-34' Median: Dualization to provide 4 lanes along existing US 113 and 34-foot
                           wide median (and 60 MPH design speed).

•  Right Side of Table (Northern Study Area: 7.5 miles)

    •  Alt. IN:     No Build: retain existing one lane per direction.

    •  Alt 2N:     Transportation Systems Management (TSM) - one lane per direction with
                    intersection improvements.
       Alt. 3N-20' Median/50 MPH:
Dualization to provide 4 lanes along existing US 113
with 20-foot wide median/guardrail and 50  MPH
design speed.
                                          5-9

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 US 113 Planning Study
        Alt. 3N-34' Median/50 MPH:
        Alt. 3N-201 Median/60 MPH:
        Alt. 3N-34' Median/60 MPH:
        Alt. 4N Modified-20f Median:
        Alt. 4N Modified-34' Median:
Dualization to provide 4 lanes along existing US 113
with 34-foot wide median and 50 MPH design speed.

Dualization to provide 4 lanes along existing US 113
with 20-foot wide median/guardrail  and 60 MPH
design speed.

Dualization to provide 4 lanes along existing US 113
with 34-foot wide median and 60 MPH design speed.

Dual highway in new location to provide 4-lanes with
20-foot wide median/guardrail (and 60 MPH design
speed)

Dual highway in new location to provide 4-lanes with
34-foot wide median (and 60 MPH design speed)
     •   Alt. 3N/4N Modified-20' Median: Combination of Alts. 3N & 4N Modified to provide 4
                                        lanes  with 20-foot wide  median/guardrail  (and 60
                                        MPH design speed)

     •   Alt. 3N/4N Modified-341 Median: Combination of Alts. 3N & 4N Modified to provide 4
                                        lanes with 34-foot wide median (and 60 MPH design
                                        speed)

11.  Environmental Assessment Form (EAF)

     The Environmental Assessment Form for this US 113 Planning Study is presented on page S-l 1,
following Table S-l.  This Environmental Assessment Form is  a requirement of the Maryland
Environmental Policy Act and Maryland Department of Transportation Order 11.01.06.02. Its use
is in keeping with the provisions of 1500.4(k) and 1506.2 and .6 of the Council of Environmental
Quality Regulations, effective July 31,1979, which recommended that duplication of Federal, State,
and Local procedures be integrated into a single process.

     The checklist identifies specific areas of the natural and social-economic environment which
have been considered while preparing this environmental assessment. The reviewer can refer to the
appropriate section of the Draft EIS document, as indicated in the "Comment" column of the form,
for a description of specific characteristics of the natural or social-economic environment within the
proposed project area. It will also highlight any potential impacts, beneficial or adverse, that the
action  may incur.  The "No" column indicates that during the scoping and early coordination
processes, that specific area of the environment was not identified to be within the project area or
would not be impacted by the proposed action.
                                         5-10

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Page 1 of 3
Southern Study Area : 16.3 Miles
AH.1S
No-Build
Existing
US 113
(2-Ianes)
16.3 mites
2 existing
25
BtoD
BtoD
BtoE
CtoE
no
Improvement
29
40
AIL2S
TSM
Transportation
Systems
Management
(2- tones)
16.3 miles
2 existing
18 improved
•
-
BtoE
CtoE
marginal
improvement
-
38
Alt. 2S - 201 Median
(2 -lanes with
median traffic barrier )
20' Wide Median
60 MPH Design
16.3 miles
2 existing with
passing lanes
( 4 separate segments,
each 1 mile In length )
18 improved
•
•
BtoD
CtoD
moderate
improvement
-
34
Alt. 3S- Dualize
Along Existing US 113
( 4 - lanes with median )
20' Wide Median
34' Wide Medlar
60 MPH Design
16.3 miles
2 existing +
2 new
24 improved
-
-
A
A
substantial
improvement
-
31
16.3 miles
2 existing +
2 new
24 Improved
-
-
A
A
substantial
Improvement
-
31


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US 113 Planning Study
                      ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FORM
A.     Land Use Considerations

       1.    Will the action be within the
             100 year floodplain?

       2.    Will the action require a permit
             for construction or alteration
             within the 50 year floodplain?

       3.    Will the action require a permit
             for dredging, filling, draining,
             or alteration of a wetland?
       4.
       5.
       6.
       7.
       8.
       9.
      10.
Will the action require a permit
for the construction or operation
of facilities for solid waste
disposal including dredge and
excavation spoil?

Will the action occur on slopes
exceeding 15%?

Will the action require a grading
plan or a sediment control permit?

Will the action require a mining
permit for deep or surface mining?

Will the action require a permit
for drilling a gas or oil well?

Will the action require a permit
for airport construction?

Will the action require a permit
for the crossing of the Potomac
River by conduits, cables or
other like devices?
                                                                         COMMENTS
                                                            YES   NO   ATTACHED
                                                              Seeffl.G.IV.H
                                                       	    Seem.H.IV.I
        X
JL    	    SeeIEC.IV.E
        X
                                        5-11

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US 113 Planning Study
                                                                            COMMENTS
                                                             YES   NO    ATTACHED
       11.     Will the action affect the use of
              a public recreation area, park,
              forest, wildlife management area,
              scenic river or wildland?

       12.     Will the action affect the use of
              any natural or man-made features
              that are unique to the County,
              State, or Nation?

       13.     Will the action affect the use of
              an archaeological or historical
              site or structure?

B.     Water Use Considerations

       14.     Will the action require a permit
              for the change of the course,
              current, or cross-section of a
              stream or other body of water?

       15.     Will the action require the con-
              struction, alteration, or removal
              of a dam, reservoir, or waterway
              obstruction?

       16.     Will the action change the over-
              land flow of stormwater or reduce
              the absorption capacity of the
              ground?

       17.     Will the action require a permit
              for the drilling of a water well?

       18.     Will the action require a permit
              for water appropriation?
       X     SeeIILG.IV.G
        X
               See III.B,
              IV.C. and V
X
Seeffl.F.IV.G
              Seeffl.E.IV.F
        X
                                          5-12

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 US 113 Planning Study
                                                                              COMMENTS
                                                               YES   NO    ATTACHED
        19.     Will the action require a permit
               for the construction and operation
               of facilities for treatment or
               distribution of water?

        20.     Will the project require a permit
               for the construction and operation
               of facilities for sewage treatment
               and/or land disposal of liquid
               waste derivatives?

        21.    Will the action result in any dis-
              charge into surface or sub-surface
              water?

       22.    If so, will the discharge affect
              ambient water quality limits
              or require a discharge permit?

C.     Air Use Considerations

       23.    Will the action result in any
              discharge into the air?

       24.    If so, will the  discharge affect
              ambient air quality limits or
              produce a disagreeable odor?

       25.    Will the action generate additional
              noise which differs in character
              or level from present conditions?

       26.    Will the action preclude future
              use of related air space?

       27.    Will the action generate any radio-
              logical, electrical, magnetic, or
              light influences?
 X
Seem.C.IV.E
	     X_    Seem.J.IV.K
               SeeHLK.IV.L
               SeeNcBse Study
              Report.
                                          5-13

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US 113 Planning Study
D.     Plants and Animals

       28.    Will the action cause the distur-
              bance, reduction, or loss of any
              rare, unique or valuable plant or
              animal?

       29.    Will the action result in the
              significant reduction or loss of
              any fish or wildlife habitats?

       30.    Will the action require a permit for
              the use of pesticides, herbicides
              or other biological, chemical, or
              radiological control agents?

E.     Socioeconomic
       31.
       32.
       33.

       34.


       35.
Will the action result in a pre-
emption or division of properties
or impair their economic use?

Will the action cause relocation of
activities or structures, or result
in a change in the population
density of distribution?

Will the action alter land values?

Will the action affect traffic
flow and volume?

Will the action affect the produc-
tion, extraction, harvest or
potential use of a scarce or
economically important resource?
                                                                           COMMENTS
                                                             YES   NO   ATTACHED
                                                              Seem.I.IV.J
                                                        X     See m.L IV.J
                                                        X
X
See ETA IEB,
m.D. rv.o
                                                                            SeeniA.IV.B
       	   SeeHLA.IVB

       	    See I.B. IV.A


        X     SeenLD.IV.D
                                          5-14

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 US 113 Planning Study
        36.     Will the action require a license
               to construct a sawmill or other
               plant for the manufacture of
               forest products?..

        37.     Is the action in accord with
               federal, state, regional and local
               comprehensive or functional plans -
               including zoning?

        38.     Will the action affect the employ-
               ment opportunities for persons in
               the area?

        39.     Will the action affect the ability
               of the area to attract new sources
               of tax revenue?

       40.    Will the action discourage present
              sources of tax revenue from remain-
              ing in the area, or affirmatively
              encourage them to relocate
              elsewhere?

       41.    Will the action affect the ability
              of the area to attract tourism?

F.     Other Considerations

       42.     Could the action endanger the public
              health, safety, or welfare?

       43.     Could the action be eliminated with-
              out deleterious affects to the
              public health, safety, welfare, or
              the natural environment?

       44.     Will the action be of statewide
              significance?
                                                                             COMMENTS
                                                               YES   NO   ATTACHED
 X
 See I.D
 X
 SeeIttA.IVB
JL     	    Seeffl.A.IV.B
       	     SeemA.IV.B
        X
SeeHLM.IV.N
              See I.B
                                          5-15

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US 113 Planning Study
      45.    Are there any other plans or ac-
             tions (Federal, State, County or
             private) that, in conjunction with
             the subject action, could result
             in a cumulative or synergistic
             impact on the public health,
             safety, welfare, or environment?

      46.    Will the action require additional
             power generation or transmission
             capacity?
G.     Conclusion
                                                                          COMMENTS
                                                            YES    NO   ATTACHED
X
See H.D
       47.    This agency will develop a complete
             environmental effects report on
             the proposed action.
      DEIS document
                                         5-16

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 US 113 Planning Study
       F.   Surface Water Resources
            1.   Streams and Rivers  	ffl-32
            2.   Lakes and Ponds	ffl-32
            3.   Wild and Scenic Rivers	ffl-33
       G.   Floodplain
            1.   Existing Floodplain Studies	,	 ffl-34
            2.   Existing Floodplain Conditions	ffl-34
       H.   Wetlands
            1.   Methodology  	ffl-35
            2.   Identification and Delineation	ffl-35
            3.   Wetland Functions	ffl-64
       I.    Vegetation and Wildlife
            1.   Vegetation	ffl-67
            2.   Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat	ffl-68
            3.   Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species 	ffl-69
       J.    Air Quality
            1.   Methodology	 ffl-70
            2.   Description of Air Sensitive Receptors	ffl-71
            3.   Background CO Levels	,	 ffl-71
       K.   Noise Quality
            1.   Design Noise Level/Activity Relationships	ffl-71
            2.   Existing Noise Environment 	DI-71
       L.    Visual Quality
            1.   Existing Visual Environment	ffl-76
            2.   Methodology		ffl-76
       M.   Municipal, Industrial and Waste Sites
            1.    Initial Site Assessment	ffl-76
            2.    Preliminary Field Reconnaissance Results 	ffl-77


IV.    Environmental Consequences

       A.   Traffic and Transportation Network	IV-1
            1.    No-Build Alternatives Baseline (Alternatives IS and IN)	IV-2
            2.    Transportation Systems Management Alternatives
                 (Alternatives 2S and 2N)	IV-2
            3.    Two-Lanes with 20' Median Alternative
                 (Alternative 2S-201 Median)	IV-2
            4.    Dualization Alternatives                        :
                 (Alternatives 3S, 3N, 4N Modified and Combination Alternative)	IV-3
            5.    Safety	IV-3
                                          in

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US 113 Planning Study
       B.   Social, Economic and Land Use
            1.    Social Environment	IV-7
            2.    Economic Environment	 IV-17
            3.    Land Use	IV-20
       C.   Cultural Resources
            1.    Historic Structures	IV-31
            2.    Archeological Sites	IV-39
       D.   Farmlands	IV-42
       E.   Soils, Geology and Topography	IV-44
       F.   Groundwater Resources 	IV-45
       G.   Surface Water Resources 	IV-45
       H.   Hoodplains	IV-51
       I.    Wetlands	 IV-53
       J.    Vegetation and Wildlife
            1.    Vegetation	IV-63
            2.    Wildlife  	IV-66
            3.    Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species  	F/-67
       K.   AirQuality 	IV-68
       L.   Noise Quality
            1.    Criteria for Determining Noise Impact  	IV-71
            2.    Predicted Noise Levels	F/-73
            3.    Construction Impacts	IV-89
       M.   Visual Quality	1	IV-111
       N.   Municipal, Industrial and Residual Waste Sites	IV-112
       O.   Energy	IV-114
       P.   Construction Impacts
            1.    Traffic Detours	FV-114
            2.    Air Emissions	IV-115
            3.    Construction Noise Impacts	IV-115
            4.    Natural Resources  	IV-115
            5.    Visual Quality	IV-116
       Q.   Relationship Between Local Short-Term Uses of Man's Environment
            and the Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-Term Productivity	IV-116
       R.   Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources Which Would
            be Involved in the Proposed Action 	IV-117

V.     Section 4(f) Evaluation
       A.   Introduction	  V-l
       B.   Project Description	  V-l
       C.   Alternatives Considered	  V-2
       D.   Description of Section 4(f) Resources	  V-5
       E.   Impacts and Measures to Minimize Harm 	  V-7
       F.    Mitigation Measures	 V-14
       G.   Correspondence and Coordination	 V-15
                                          IV

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 US 113 Planning Study
 VI.   Comments and Coordination 	VI-1
 VII.   List of Preparers

       A.   Federal Highway Administration	
       B.   Maryland State Highway Administration
       C.   Rummel, Klepper & Kahl Team	
       D.   Other Consultants to SHA 	
 VIII.  Distribution List
 IX.    References
 X.    Appendices
 vn-i
 vn-i
 vn-2
 vn-s
vm-i
. EX-I
.  x-i
            Appendix A
                 Project Alternative Plates, at 1" = 400' Scale

                 Key Map + Alternative 2S-20' Median
                 Figures 1 thru 7

                 Key Map + Dualization Alternatives
                 Figures 8 thru 17

            Appendix B
                 Farmland Conversion Impact Rating Form

            Appendix C
                 Relocation Act

            Appendix D
                 Index
List of Figures

List of Tables
  . vi

  viii

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US 113 Planning Study
Figure
Summary
                                    List of Figures
                                                                            Following
                                                                             Page No.
       S-l  Vicinity Map	S-l
       S-2  Study Area	S-3

I.      Purpose of and Need for Action

       1-1   Fatal Accidents (January 1980 through March 1997)	 1-10

II.     Alternatives Considered

       II-l  Preliminary Alternatives	II-4

       II-2  Improvement Locations
            Alt. IS No-Build/Alt. 2S TSM  	H-14
            Alt. IN No-Build/Alt. 2NTSM  	H-14

       If-3  Typical Sections
            Alts. IS & IN No-Build / Alts. 2S & 2N TSM  	H-14

       13-4  Typical Sections
            Alt. 2S-20' Median  	H-15

       n-5  Dualization Alternatives
            Retained for Detailed Study 	n-20

       II-6  Typical Sections
            Alt. 3S-20' Median / Alt. 3N-20' Median		H-20
                             "*,
       n-7  Typical Sections
            Alt. 3S-34' Median /Alt. 3N-34' Median	H-20

       If-8  Typical Sections
            Alt. 4N-201 Median / Alt. 4N-34' Median	 H-30
                                          VI

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US 113 Planning Study
Figure
III.    Affected Environment
                                                                          Following
                                                                            Page No.
       m-1   Census Tract Boundary Map	ffi-2
       ffl-2   Community Facilities and Services	ni-9
       DI-3   Existing Land Use	Iti-13
       m-4   Zoning Classifications	HI-13
       ffl-5   Comprehensive Development Plan 	ffl-17
       HI-6   Historic Sites	HI-20
       m-7   Geologic Map	HI-25
       m-8   Soil Associations	ffl-27
       m-9   Prime and Statewide Important Farmland Soils  	IH-29
       ffl-10  Major Streams and Drainage Divides 	ffl-33
       m-11  100-Year Floodplains	m-35
       HI-12  Wetland Locations	DI-35
       ffl-13  Air and Noise Receptor Locations	ffl-75
       m-14  Potential Waste Site Locations	m-79


IV.    Environmental Consequences

       IV-1   1995 and No-Build 2020 ADT and LOS	IV-2


V.     Section 4(f) Evaluation

       V-l    Historic Sites Affected by Alternatives Retained for Detailed Study	 V-7
       V-2    Photographs of Vic's Country Store  	 V-7
       V-3    Avoidance Alternative at Vic's Country Store  		 V-9
       V-4    Photographs of Hale Farm/Mariner Farm 	 V-10
       V-5    Avoidance Alternative at Hale Farm/Mariner Farm 	 V-l 1
       V-6    Photographs of Showell Store	 V-12
       V-7    Avoidance Alternative at Showell Store	 V-13
                                         vn

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US 113 Planning Study
                                    List of Tables
Table
Page No.
Summary

       S-l    Summary of Impacts 	Following Page S-10

I.      Purpose of and Need for Action

       1-1    Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Volumes	 1-4
       1-2    Summary of 16-Years Historical Accident Data (1980-1995)	 1-6
       1-3    Detail Analysis of 6-Years Accident Data (1990-1995) 	 1-7
       1-4    Tabulation of 17 Years + 4 Months Fatal Accident Data
             (January 1980 - through April 1997)	 1-9

II.     Alternatives Considered

       n-1    No Build and TSM Alternatives	H-l 1

III.    Affected Environment

       m-1   Worcester County Population Growth	ffl-2
       ffl-2   Average Daily Seasonal Population	DI-2
       DI-3   Census Tract Population Information 	ffl-2
       ffl-4   Local Population Growth, 1985-1995	ffl-3
       ffl-5   Age Distribution in Study Area Census Tracts  	ffl-4
       1H-6   State, County, and Census Tract Economic Information	ffl-5
       ffl-7   Racial Population Characteristics  	ffl-6
       ffl-8   Zoning Classifications	ffl-15
       ffl-9   Worcester County Land Use Trends  1973-1990	ffl-16
       ffl-10  Worcester County Land Use Forecast, 1990-2020  	ffl-19
       ffl-11  Historic Standing Structures  	ffl-21
       ffl-12  Description of Common Soil Series in the Study Area	ffl-27
       ffl-13  Prime Farmland Soils	ffl-29
       ffl-14  Soils of Statewide Importance	  ffl-30
       ffl-15  Wetland Summary	ffl-53
       ffl-16  Wetland Functions and Values 	ffl-66
       ffl-17  Noise Abatement Criteria, Activity Relationships in CFR 772	ffl-72
       ffl-18  Sensitive Receptor Sites and Ambient Noise Levels	ffl-73
       ffl-19  Potential Wastes Sites 	ffl-79
                                        Vlll

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  US 113 Planning Study
 Table

 IV.    Environmental Consequences
Page No.
        IV-1   Projected Accident Data	        jy_6
        IV-2   Right-of-Way Impacts and Displacements by Alternative '.'.'.'.'.'...'.......'. IV-9
        IV-3   Business Displacements by Alternative	'"'	IV-18
        IV-4   Additional Right-of-Way Impacts by Alternative .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'........ F/-21
        IV-4A Approximate Wetland Impacts Associated with Existing US 113  ...'.'...! 3V-29
        IV-5   Summary of Impacts to Historic Structures	*	IV-32
        IV-6   Preliminary NRHP Recommendations for US 113 Sites '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. IV-40
        IV-7   Farmland Impact Summary	   IV-43
        F/-8   Common Highway Runoff Constituents and Their Primary Sources	IV-47
        IV-9   Number, Probable Type, and Preliminary Size of Stream
              Crossings by Alternative	                  F/-48
        F/-10  Impacts to the 100-Year Floodplain	IV-52
        IV-11  Impacts to Wetlands Within the Study Area by Each Build Alternative ....' IV-54
        IV-12  Impacts to Wetlands by Alternative by Wetland Classification            IV-56
       IV-13  Impacts to Vegetation	" ' [     P/-65
       IV-14  CO Concentrations - Southern Study Area	     F/-69
       IV-15  CO Concentrations - Northern Study Area	F/-70
       IV-16  Summary of Noise Levels	IV-75
       IV-17  Summary of Noise Levels No-Build Versus Dualization Alternatives -
              Southern Study Area  	       IV-79
       IV-18  Summary of Noise Levels No-Build Versus Dualization Alternatives -
             Northern Study Area  	        IV-80
     -, IV-19 Summary of Noise Levels Ambient Versus Dualization Alternatives -	
             Southern Study Area  	          IV-82
       IV-20 Summary of Noise Levels Ambient Versus Dualization Alternatives -	
             Northern Study Area  	           IV-83
       IV-21  Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness of
             Noise Abatement	                  IV-91
       IV-22  Potential Waste Sites Affected by Each Build Alternative ...'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.' ].' W-l 13

V.     Section 4(f) Evaluation

       V-l    Historic and Archaeological Resources	         V-7
       V-2    Vic's Country Store Impacts, Avoidance, and Minimization  ..........     V-9
       V-3    Hale Farm/Mariner Farm Impacts, Avoidance, and Minimization  ........  V-ll
       V-4    Showell Store Impacts, Avoidance, and Minimization	  V-l 3
                                        IX

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                                                       I.

      PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR ACTION

US 113 Planning Study
Snow Hill, Maryland to Delaware State Line
0
Office of Planning and Preliminary Engineering
Maryland State Highway Administration

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^

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US 113 Planning Study
I.      PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR ACTION

A.     Introduction

The Purpose and Need Statement for the US 113 Planning Study was developed in early 1996 and
concurred upon by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(COE), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
(see Chapter VI for relevant correspondence).

Following the Project Location and Description presented in Section B of this Chapter, Section C
presents the Purpose and Need Statement as revised based on updated accident characteristics and
agency comments. Of particular note is the updated information presented for fatal accidents along
the existing two-lane portions of US 113 (data are current through April 1997).

B.     Project Location and Description

US 113 departs from US 13 near Pocomoke City, Maryland and extends north 40 miles in Maryland
and 60 miles  in Delaware, rejoining US  13 in Dover, Delaware. US 113 provides a critical
connection on the Delmarva Peninsula for through and local traffic, including recreation trips. US
113 directly links Pocomoke City, Snow Hill (the Worcester county seat) and Berlin, and indirectly
serves Ocean City (the second most populated city in Maryland during the summer vacation season).
As discussed in Chapter n Section A. of this document, US 113 dates from the late 1600's; US 113
was an earth and shell road until the early  1900's, when it was  paved generally along its present
alignment.

The project study area for US 113  (Worcester Highway) lies entirely within Worcester County,
Maryland and  encompasses the remaining 23.8 miles of two-lane US 113 in Maryland, extending
from south of Snow Hill, Maryland north to the Delaware state line (see Figure S-l). It excludes  the
4.4 miles of presently dualized US 113 highway around Berlin,  Maryland and, therefore, consists
of two study areas:

•      The southern study area extends along US 113 from south of Snow Hill, Maryland to south
       of Berlin, Maryland (approximately 16.3 miles).

•      The northern study  area extends from north of  Berlin to the Delaware  state line
       (approximately 7.5 miles).

C.    Project Need

The purpose of this study is to improve vehicular safety conditions and traffic operations along the
two-lane portions of US 113 from south of Snow Hill to the Delaware state line. County Residents
Action for Safer Highways (CRASH), a local citizens group, requested an accident investigation and
evaluation of improvements to address the safety conditions within the study area due to the number
                                          1-1

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US 113 Planning Study
of fatal accidents.  Need for this project is demonstrated by the fatal accident rate in the northern
study area, which is significantly higher than the statewide average. Existing roadway conditions,
along US 113 are discussed in Section C.I. of this Chapter, Section C.2. addresses traffic operations
and levels of service. Accident statistics are presented in Section C.3. of this Chapter. Section C.4
presents details on fatal accidents along US 113.

       1.     Existing Roadway Conditions

       US 113 combined with US  13 and US 50, have historically formed the backbone of the
       transportation system for the lower Eastern Shore  of Worcester County, Maryland and
       Sussex County, Delaware. US 113 is  functionally classified as a "Rural-other Principal
       Arterial" on the Federal Functional Classification  System of  Highways and  as  an
       "Intermediate Arterial" on the State Functional Classification System of Highways.  These
       are the highest types of arterial classifications - these highways handle longer-distance trips
       and should safely handle high-speed travel.

       Due to its function, US 113 has been designated as part of the State Primary Highway System
       and is included in the National Highway System (designated by Congress in 1995). This
       project is  included in the current  approved federally  required State Transportation
       Improvement Program (SIP).

       No existing locations along US 113 in the southern study area have substandard geometry.
       Several locations in the northern study area, however, have substandard horizontal geometry
       along US 113. These locations, shown on Figure S-2D, are as follows:

                     US 113 at MD 452
               •      US 113 at Pitts Road
               •      US 113 at Jarvis Road

       Although US 113 is not an access controlled roadway, there is a grade separated interchange
      " at MD 90.  Signalized intersections in the southern study area of US 113 occur at the
       following locations (see Figures S-2A, S-2B, S-2C):

                      MD 394 (Market Street) (flashers)
               •      Castle Hill Road
                      MD 12 (Snow Hill Road)
               •      Washington Street / Brick Kiln Road
                      MD 365 (Public Landing Road)
               •      Langmaid Road
                                            1-2

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US 113 Planning Study
       In the northern study area, signalized intersections occur at the following locations (see
       Figure S-2D):

                    MD 589 (Racetrack Road)
             ซ      Pitts Road (flashers)
             ซ      MD 610 (Whaleyville Road - Hammond Road)

       US  113 is a four-lane divided roadway from south of Snow Hill to US 13 near Pocomoke
       City, through the Berlin area, and north of the Delaware state line. US 113 north and south
       of the existing four-lane divided highway portion east of Berlin has two different roadway
       sections.  Figures S-2A through 2D show the area of divided and undivided roadways. The
       southern study area, from immediately south of Snow Hill to just south of Berlin, consists
       of a two-lane undivided roadway with two 12-foot lanes and 10-foot shoulders. The northern
       study area from north of Berlin  to the Delaware line typically consists of a two-lane
       undivided roadway with two 11-foot lanes and 8-foot shoulders. Auxiliary lanes exist at
       various locations primarily for turning movements at intersections.

       A pavement condition survey, conducted by SHA in  1994, indicated that the ride quality
       along US 113 is satisfactory throughout the project limits. The Distress Value, an indication
       of cracking, patching, surface defects and surface deformation, was found to be of medium
       distress in the southern study area. In the northern study area, the distress value was found
       to be low. The SHA Pavement Management Report rates roadways based on a combination
       of three factors: distress characteristics, traffic volumes and ride. In the southern study area,
       locations determined to have a poor rating have since been resurfaced. The US 113 roadway
       in the northern study area was rated  as acceptable.

       2.    Traffic Volumes and Levels of Service

       Average daily traffic (ADT) is the average number of vehicles traveling on a roadway during
       a 24-hour period. Summer ADT is traffic in areas where recreational traffic  is most
       concentrated (this study defines summer to be the period between Memorial Day and Labor
       Day).

       The current ADT (year 1995) ranges from 3,500 to 7,500 vehicles per day for the southern
       study area and 6,400 to 12,200 vehicles per day for the northern study area. The current
       summer ADT (1995) ranges from 4,900 to 8,900 vehicles per day for the southern study area
       and 8,300 to 18,500 vehicles per day for the northern study area. Summer ADT volumes
       range from 19% to 52% higher  than the annual ADT for the same portion of US  113.
       Existing ADT volumes are presented in Table 1-1. Trucks currently make up 14 percent of
       the ADT volumes on US 113.  Much of the truck traffic results from the large poultry
       industry that is characteristic of the eastern shore. The Perdue Processing plant is located in
       Salisbury and accounts for a large portion of the truck traffic.
                                           1-3

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US 113 Planning Study
      Design year (2020) traffic forecasts were prepared in accordance with the Comprehensive
      Development Plan for Worcester County and assume completion of 4 lanes along US 113
      in Delaware. These forecasts indicate  a  1% difference in the design year among the
      alternatives under consideration (i.e. between the No-Build and dualization alternatives).
      The design year 2020 ADT for the southern study area ranges from 5,000 to 10,800 vehicles
      per day and 7,000 to 12,900 vehicles per day during the summer months.  The design year
      ADT for the northern study area ranges from 10,100 to 20,000 vehicles per day during non-
      summer timeframe (or months) and 13,600 to 30,400 vehicles per day during the summer
      months. Projected ADT volumes are presented in Table 1-1.

                    Table 1-1: Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Volumes
Segment
'
+ Southern Study Area
Two-lane US 113:
Snow Hill to Berlin
+ Northern Study Area
Two-lane US 113:
Existing ,
ADT
(1995)
3,500
to
7,500
6,400
to
12,200
Design Year
" } ADT:P:;;
(2020)
5,000
to
10,800
10,100
to
20,000
v Existing
Summer ADT
(1995)
4,900
to
8,900
8,300
to
18.500
Design Year
Summer ADT
(2020)
7,000
to
12,900
13,600
to
30,400
       Traffic flow is measured by determining a level of service (LOS) for the roadway. Each level
       of service grade coincides with conditions that drivers experience while traveling along a
       roadway. LOS grade designations, from A to F, are used to define traffic operations on any
       given section of highway.  LOS A indicates ideal conditions and LOS F indicates severe
       congestion and long delays. A brief explanation of LOS is given below:
              Level of Service A -
              Level of Service B-

              Level of Service C -

              Level of Service D -

              Level of Service E -

              Level of Service F-
Free traffic flow, low volumes, free-flow speeds
Stable traffic  flow, some  speed restrictions,  ability to
maneuver freely is only slightly restricted
Stable traffic flow, increasing traffic volumes, ability to
maneuver freely is noticeably restricted
Approaching unstable flow, heavy traffic volumes, decreasing
speeds
Decreased speeds accompanied by delays, maneuverability is
very limited
Severe  congestion accompanied  by  delays,  describes
breakdown in traffic flow
       NOTE:       In the rural / agricultural areas through which US 113 passes (i.e. outside of
                     the corporate limits of Berlin), travelers expect traffic conditions to be free
                     of congestion, as represented by Levels of Service A, B or C.
                                           1-4

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                STATE
Legend
        Accident Year •
        Collision Type -
             Time-
           Condition-
-1990
-Pedestrian
-Day
-Dry
                                KEY MAP
                             US 113 PLANNING  STUDY
         Fatal Accidents
   January 1980 through March 1997

        SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
o
                                                          April 1997
Figure
 MA

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                  OpposHo Direction
1963
OppotXe Direction
Day
Wet
BASKET SWITCH
                          1962
                          Opposite Direction
                          Night
                          Wat
                                                 US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                                   Fatal Accidents
                                             January 1980 through March
                                                  SOUTHERN STUDY

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    US 113 PLANNING STUDY
Legend
Accident Year —
Collision Type —
Time —
Condition —

*>1990
^-Pedestrian
*-Day
*-Dry
     Fatal Accidents
January 1980 through March 1997
    SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
 Utrylmd
 Stttf Htffhwty
 AdmtaUnHen
April 1997
Figure
 MC

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                           1962
                           Opposite Direction
                           Night
                                    1967
                                    Opposite Direction
1887
Oppotko Direction
Nlgซ
Wot
                                                        V*   / /
                                 1964
                                 OpposKa Direction
                                 Diy
                                 Dry
                                                  1997
                                                  Opposite Direction
                                                  Night
                                                  Snow
Oppotito Directkxi
1995
Opposite Directkxi
Dซy
Dry
                                  DINGLE LANDING
1966
Opposite Direction
Night
Wet
                1991
                Opposite Direction
                Night
                Dry
                                                     Opposite Direction
                               OppoaJto DtfBCtion
                          1991
                          Opposite Direction
                                                           US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                         1981
                                         Opposite
                                         Direction
                                         Night
                                         Dry
                                                              Fatal  Accidents
                                                      January 1980 through March 19!

                                                            NORTHERN STUDY AREA

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US 113 Planning Study
      US 113 in the southern study area currently operates at LOS C conditions, including summer
      weekends when traffic demand is the greatest. The existing LOS in the northern study area
      is LOS C to D on weekdays throughout most of the year and LOS D on summer weekends.
      In year 2020, the existing two-lane US 113 is expected to operate at LOS C to D condition
      in the southern study area including summer weekends, but is expected to operate at LOS D
      on  weekdays all year in the northern study area, and LOS F between MD 589 and the
      Delaware state line on  summer  weekends. In essence, traffic conditions now being
      experienced in the summer along the existing two-lane US 113 are predicted to be the
      fall-winter-spring conditions in the design year 2020, with summer weekend conditions
      in the design year substantially worse.

      Specific locations in the northern study area now experiencing traffic congestion during the
      summer include the intersections of US  113 and: MD 589, MD 367, and MD 610. The
      roadway segments between these intersections are also predicted to experience congestion.
      Each intersection experiences some congestion during the current  summer months.  The
      roadway segments between these intersections are also operating under unstable traffic flow
      conditions during the summer months and conditions are projected to become less stable.
      Traffic conditions are further discussed in Chapter-IV, Section A. of this document.

      3.     Overall Safety Experience

      As  shown on Table 1-2, US 113 experienced a total of 442 accidents in the southern study
      area and 505 accidents in the northern study area for the 16-year period from January 1980
      through December 1995 inclusive.  This is a total of 947 accidents for both study areas over
      16-years  (nearly 60 accidents per year, on average).  As evident on Table 1-2, the fatal
      accident rate is equal to or greater than the statewide average rate for both study areas, and
      the  rate for injury accidents and property damage accidents in the northern study area is
      greater than the similar statewide average rate. Furthermore, as demonstrated by this  16-
      years of historical accident data, safety has been a long-term concern along the two-lane
      portions of US 113.
                                         7-5

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US 113 Planning Study
                Table 1-2: Summary of 16-Years Historical Accident Data
                                   (1980 through 1995)
-•^•^^m^
. ,,- Acddehtซฃ&-
'• •.- 'Type5.^iฃ
Fatal Accidents
Fatalities
Injury Accidents
Persons Injured
Property Damage
Ace.
Total Number
of Accidents
l^l^&Southera งtadyiAiiei|^^^l
^w^-^p^'-
i:^.Totals%
16
18
203
359
223
442
V^^^ft*-'?ฉ:*:-
ifeSfc^pfe
^•Rate1;^.
2.7
33.9
37.3
73.8
-3S-535?*1 -B&S3S**** ,:.<< •
•&z?StoM-'tA
^AVg.1*3^
2.5
74.6
62.2
139.3
,^^|l4ortlieni Study Area ,;
SgTptal;^;;
Accidents
20
23
257
453
228
505
:;xrsitudy;43:
Rate1
634
81.1 .
72.0
159.4
Sfc
: Avg
2.
79
68
15i
 Notes: 1. Accident rates are presented as number of accidents per 100 million vehicle miles (M\
           of travel.                                                   .
         2. Because of the differences in existing shoulder widths and intensity of adjacent
           development, the statewide averages for the two study area sections are not the same.
         3. The statewide average accident rates are derived from a database of all Maryland roadv
           For roads with similar characteristics (e.g. similar functional classification, roadway cr
           section, traffic operations), an accident average is computed. Hundreds of roads were i
           in computing the statewide accident rate for US 113.
         4. The Fatal Accident Rate for the northern study area is significantly higher statistically
           the statewide average (shown bold above).
       Table 1-3 presents a detailed analysis for the 370 accidents which occurred along the two-lane
       portions of US 113 for the 6-year period from 1990 through 1995 inclusive (1996 data will
       not be available until mid-1997). In addition to presenting the broad categories of accident
       type for the 16-years of data shown in Table 1-2, Table 1-3 also provides considerable details
       on accident types (angle collision, rear end collision, etc.), time of day, weather, alcohol
       related, intersection related, and truck involvement. The purpose of Table 1-3 is to address
       detail characteristics for the 370 accidents which have occurred along the two-lane portions
       of US 113 for the 6-year period from January 1990 through December 1995.

       The following observations may be drawn from the 6-years of detailed accident data as
       shown in Table 1-3.

       • the fatal accident rate is equal to or higher than the statewide average rate for both study
          areas (and significantly greater statistically in the northern study area).
                                            1-6

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US 113 Planning Study
         the overall accident rate in the northern study area is greater than the statewide average
         rate.

         the accident rates in the northern study area for angle collisions, fixed object, opposite
         direction  and pedestrian accidents are greater than the similar statewide average, and
         significantly statistically greater for angle collisions and fixed  object accidents.  By
         calculating the percentage of total accidents for these four accident types in the northern
         study area, angle collisions represent 18% of the total accidents (i.e. 35 divided by 195),
         fixed object accidents represent 37%, opposite direction accidents represent 7%, and
         pedestrian accidents represent 2%.

         furthermore, in the northern study area, the wet surface related accidents and alcohol
         related accidents are statistically significantly greater than the statewide average rate.
                    Table 1-3: Detail Analysis of 6-Years Accident Data
                                   (1990 through 1995)
Accident
Type
Fatal Accidents
Fatalities
Injury Accidents
Persons Injured
Prop. Damage
Accidents
TOTAL
ACCIDENTS
Southern Study
Total
Accidents
7
9
80
141
88
175
: Study
' •""•'Kate1'-^"
2.4
26.9
29.6
58.9
Area '.-'..' '••:'•••. •

State
^'Avi,1-*3 '••;••
2.4
68.8
57.9
129.1
.•;..;•• ;,-.-.,.N
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US 113 Planning Study
Table 1-3 continued: Detail Analysis of 6-Years Accident Data (1990 through 1995)
, Accident -•,;&&

Angle Collision
Rear End
Fixed Object
Opposite Direction
Sideswipe
Left Turn
Pedestrian
Parked Vehicle
Other
Nighttime Ace.
Wet Surface Ace.
Alcohol Related
Intersection Related
% Trucks Involved
in Total Accidents
'^^iS(wnt^SS!^^W^&

34
19
64
16
5
6
2
1
28
55
44
12
61
8%


11.4
6.4
21.5
5.4
1.7
2.0
0.7
0.3
9.4
31%
25%
7%
35%
na6


20.3
24.1
36.5
8.9
5.7
8.3
1.7
2.3
21.3
32%
28%
8%
na6
na6

v '-•:& i&+ .Northern Study Area ;
Accidentsi
35
29
72
13
4
9
3
2
28
63
73
24
74
7%

V": Study '>>
25.S4-5
21.2
52.S4-5
9.5
2.9
6.6
2.2
1.5
20.4
32%
37%4>s
12 %44
38%
na6

T ,*•-' . ฃL VG
** T ฃ

. -
'






32
28
8
n
r

 Notes: 1.  Accident rates are presented as number of accidents per 100 million vehicle miles (ฃ
            of travel.
         2.  Because of the differences in existing shoulder widths and intensity of adjacent develop
            the statewide averages for the southern and northern study area sections are not the s
         3.  The statewide average accident rates are derived from a database of all Maryland roac
            For roads with similar characteristics (e.g. similar functional classification, roadway
            section, traffic operations), an accident average is computed. Hundreds of roads wen
            in computing the statewide accident rate for US 113.
         4.  Significantly higher than the statewide average  rate  for similar State  main
            highways.
         5.  During the  compilation and analysis of the above accident statistics, significanc
            determined  by computing the 'Morin's Upper Control Limit'.  In this rural and tigt
            community, many families know someone who has been personally affected as a re:
            these fatal accidents. (RCU) Morin's Upper Control defines the upper limit of the
            above which  a  statistic becomes  significant.  This methodology  determined tha
            accidents, fixed object accidents, wet surface accidents, and alcohol related accidents
            northern study area are significantly higher than the statewide average for similar higr
              Mathematically, the expression reads:  RCU = Ra + /(K (Ra)/M) -  1/2M
                                       where:     Ra = the statewide rate
                                                  K = 1.645 the confidence interval
                                                  M = 100 million vehicle miles traveled
         6.  "na" means "not applicable or "not available".
                                            1-8

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US 113 Planning Study
       4.
Fatal Accidents
       The primary purpose for conducting this study is fatal accidents. Historically, the fall and
       summer seasons have experienced the highest number of fatal accidents. As shown on Table
       1-2 for the 16-year period from January 1980 through December 1995, US 113 experienced
       16 fatal accidents in the southern study area for a study rate of 2.7 fatal acc/lOOmvm
       compared to the statewide average of 2.5 fatal acc/lOOmvm. During this same 16-year
       period, the northern study area experienced 20 fatal accidents resulting in a study rate of 6.3
       fatal acc/lOOmvm compared to the statewide average of 2.7 fatal acc/lOOmvm. Note that
       while the fatal accident rate in the southern study area is slightly above the statewide average,
       the fatal accident rate in the northern study area is significantly higher statistically than the
       statewide average.

       Similarly, as shown for the 6-years (1990 through 1995) of accident data analyzed in Table
       1-3, this trend has continued wherein  the fatal accident rate is equal to or higher than the
       statewide  average for both  study areas and significantly greater statistically for the
       northern study area.

       From the  period  beginning January  1996 through  April 1997 (sixteen  months), four
       additional fatal accidents  (causing five  deaths) have occurred along the two-lane portions of
       US 113. Table 1-4 and Figure 1-1 (following page I-10) identify the locations and provide
       descriptions of the 40 fatal accidents for the 17 year + 4 month period beginning January
       1980 and extending through April 1997.  Trucks were  involved in 20 of these 40 fatal
       accidents (50%). Thirteen (13) of these fatal accidents were alcohol related (32%).

            Table 1-4: Tabulation of 17 Years + 4 Months Fatal Accident Data
                            (January 1980 through April 1997)
                              (see Figures I-1A through I-1D)
• Distribution
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
of Accidents by Year:
1 accident
2 accidents
5 accidents
1 accident
2 accidents
1 accident
2 accidents
2 accidents
2 accidents
1 accident

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997 (4 months)

TOTAL

2 accident
7 accidents
0 accidents
1 accident
4 accidents
3 accidents
2 accidents
2 accidents

40 accidents
Table 1-4 continued on next page.
                                           1-9

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Z7S 113 Planning Study
      Table 1-4 (continued): Tabulation of 17 Years + 4 Months Fatal Accident Data
                          (January 1980 through April 1997)
                            (see Figures I-1A through I-1D)	•
        Distribution of Accidents by Collision Type
                            See Fig.
                             I-1A
         See Fig.
          I-1B
        See Fig.
         I-1C
        See Fig.
          I-1D
                                                                         Total
 Angle
  •tear End
  Fixed Object
 Opposite Direction
 Sideswipe
  Left Turn
  Pedestrian
 Parked Vehicle
 Other (Bicycle)
              Totals
5
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
_p_
8
0
1
2
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
JL
2
3
0
1
15
1
0
1
0
J0_
21
8   (20%)
2     (5%)
4   (10%)
23 (57.5%)
 1
0
 1
0
 1
                              40
(2.5%)

(2.5%)

(2.5%)
        Distribution of Accidents by Day/Night
 Day
 Night
              Totals
 6
_2_
 8
4
_5_
9
 2
 0_
 2
 7
14
21
19   (48%)
21   (52%)
40
        Distribution of Accidents by Pavement Surface Condition
  Wet
  Dry
              Totals
 1
 7
 8
 3
 6
 9
 0
 2
 2
 7
M
21
 11  (28%)
 29  (72%)
 40
        Distribution of Accidents by Location
  US 113 @ Intersecting Cross Street
  Along US 113 Between Intersections
                                                     Total
                                            11  (28%)
                                            29  (72%)
                                            40
        Distribution of Accidents by Driver's Familiarity & Fault
        "At-Fault" Driver.
          Local
          Local
          Local
          Local Pedestrian
          Out-of-Town
          Out-of-Town
          Bicyclist
    Driver #2/Other
       Local
       Out-of-Town
       Fixed Object
       Local
       Out-of-Town
       Local
       Out-of-Town
                                                      Total
                                24 (60%)
                                 4(10%)
                                 4 (10%)
                                 1  (2%)
                                 3  (8%)
                                 3  (8%)
                                 1  (2%)
                                            40
                                        1-10

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175113 Planning Study
D.     Planning and Project History

Historical information for US 113 is presented in Chapter n Section A. of this document.  A project
planning study for the dualization of US 113 was originally conducted in the early 1970's and an
alignment was selected at that time.  Since right-of-way was not preserved, development has
occurred along that alignment. The next study began in the late 198Q's which addressed the changes
in environmental regulations and updated the previous study. Several alternatives and their impacts
were identified. An Alternates Public Meeting was held in November of 1990 and shortly thereafter,
the project was dropped with the understanding that many of the safety and congestion issues could
be resolved through local intersection improvements by SHA's District 1 office. Many local
intersection improvements have been implemented and have had positive effects. Several additional
improvements have been identified and are  scheduled for implementation as funding becomes
available. A list of local intersection improvements and their completion dates (some dates are
projected) is included in Table n-1 under No-Build improvements.

Fatalities have been occurring along US 113 at an alarming rate. A local citizens group, County
Residents Action for Safer Highways (CRASH), have been very  vocal in their support for
improvements to the two-lane portions of US 113 from Snow Hill to the Delaware state line in order
to address the fatal accidents occurring along the corridor. As a direct consequence of the efforts of
CRASH, the Governor and study area elected officials (senators, delegates, and mayors) requested
that SHA study the characteristics of US 113 and develop solutions that will create a safer roadway.
A primary goal of this project has been to identify safety solutions, thereby minimizing future fatal
accidents.

SHA held an Alternates Public Workshop on November 30,1995 from 5:00 to 8:00 PM at the Berlin
Middle School to present the preliminary alternatives for public comment. In addition to aerial
mapping showing the preliminary TSM and dualization alternatives, a slide show concerning the US
113 planning process and information regarding environmental impacts, accident statistics, and right-
of-way acquisition procedures were also available. SHA representatives were available to answer
questions. More than 200 citizens attended the meeting, including local politicians and the media.
A total of 42 comments were received from mailers, letters, and citizens at wall displays. In general,
almost all comments agreed that further  improvements are needed throughout, and almost half were
in favor of a relocated US 113 in the  northern study area. Comments and ideas received at the
workshop were incorporated into the  development of the detailed alternatives.  The following
summarizes the comments received at and following this meeting:

•      Nine people were in favor of dualizing US 113, with no preferred alternative.
•      Two people were opposed to dualizing US 113.
•      At the northern end of the project, 16 people were in favor of relocating US 113.
•      Two people were in favor of widening US 113, specifically along its current location.
•      Several people supported lower speed limits along US 113.
•      Several people would like to see the project move along quickly.
•      Several people strongly agreed that further spot improvements  are needed.
                                          1-11

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US 113 Planning Study
The following responses address comments offered by the public as a result of the Alternates Public
Meeting concerning lowering the speed limits and increasing enforcement:

Lowering Speed Limit: The possibility of lowering the speed limit along US 113 was investigated,
however, neither the SHA nor the State Police recommend lowering the speed since this may cause
additional safety problems. Currently, US 113 is posted for the appropriate speed and lowering the
speed below the operating speed would cause some drivers to slow down in order to obey the posted
speed while others may not obey the speed limit. This could cause rear-end type collisions or
additional accidents by drivers attempting to pass the "slow" moving vehicles.

Increase Enforcement: A special enforcement team has been assigned to US  113 to look for
aggressive drivers. A motorcycle team will be working radars in the project area. Use of headlights
on "all the time" along the two-lane stretches of US 113 also went into effect on April 30, 1997.
Four trucking companies in the area were using headlights prior to this date.

E.     County and State Programs

The Comprehensive Development Plan for Worcester County, adopted in 1989, identifies US 113
as a key element of the county's regional arterial highway system. The plan recognizes the need to
upgrade US 113 and recommends that Worcester County work with the State of Maryland to develop
a plan of improvements along US 113 and MD 90 that meets the needs of the  County. This
Development Plan calls for US 113 to be upgraded to four lanes throughout its length. This project
has been included in the Highway Needs Inventory (HNI) since the early  1960's. In the 1970's, the
dualization of the roadway was studied; the present HNI shows dualization of the roadway which
would provide continuity along US 113.

The current project planning study is included in the Development and Evaluation Section of the
Maryland Department of Transportation 1997-2002 Consolidated Transportation Program (CTP).
This project was added to the 1995 program in response to the safety concerns raised by elected
officials and the citizens' group, CRASH, which was formed specifically to address improvements
that promote safe travel on US 113 and MD 90.

Other related projects included in the 1997-2002 CTP within Worcester County are:

       •  safety improvements and median barrier along 4.4 miles of MD 90 east of US 113 (funded
         in construction program).
       •  safety study along MD 90 between US 50 and US 113.
       •  bicycle/pedestrian bridge parallel to Verrazano Bridge over Sinepuxent Bay (now under
         construction).
       •  other minor roadway surfacing / local intersection improvement projects.
                                          7-72

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US 113 Planning Study
F.     Relationship to Other Modes of Transportation

The Worcester County Commission on Aging, located in Snow Hill, operates the general public,
elderly and disabled transportation service on demand for the County. The general public service
operates seven days per week, providing service between Pocomoke City, Snow Hill, Berlin, Ocean
City and Selbyville, Delaware.  The demand response service operates Monday through Friday,
providing door-to-door service throughout the county.          .

The Worcester County transportation system operated 162,850 miles providing 23,752 trips during
FY 1995. The Commission on Aging utilizes six buses to operate its general public service and ten
vehicles to provide its demand response service.

At this time, there are no immediate plans to expand service. In FY 1997, however, a Transportation
Development Plan (TDP) will be completed.  The TDP will evaluate current service, recommend
changes to improve efficiency and to meet any unmet demand. In addition, future service for the
next five years will be considered and appropriate recommendations will be made.

Currently, there are no Park-n-Ride facilities in the area served by transit.

Throughout the study area, the Maryland and Delaware Railroad (MDDE) line between Frankford,
Delaware and Snow Hill, Maryland is parallel to US 113 (including grade crossings near Bishop and
Newark). The rail line consists of a single track and accommodates train operations up to 25 miles
per hour (meeting Federal Railroad Administration Class 2 standards). The MDDE provides only
freight service on this line and serves customers in Bishop, Berlin and Snow Hill. Service is provided
two to three days per week and usually occurs on weekdays during daylight hours. Service is
occasionally provided over three consecutive days, however, including weekends, to meet special
needs of shippers in the Snow Hill area. All MDDE traffic on this line is currently interchanged with
the Consolidated Rail Corporation at Frankford, Delaware.
                                          1-13

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                                                    II.
               ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED
US 113 Planning Study
Snow Hill, Maryland to Delaware State Line
     Office of Planning and Preliminary Engineering
     Maryland State Highway Administration

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 US 113 Planning Study
 II.     ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED

 A.     History of US 113

 The US 113 project corridor follows a very old north-south route along the high ground between the
 Pocomoke River and Sinepuxent Bay. A road was in place by 1697 and was cited as "... the Road
 going up along the Sea Side" (Torrence 1935:p.243). Patents for land in the area of Snow Hill had
 been issued as early as 1670 and the town was created by a legislative decree in 1686.  An early map
 (1670) by Augustine Herrman was the first to show European settlements along the Pocomoke River
 and plantations on both sides of the river from the bay to Dividing Creek in the  south part of
 Worcester County. Based on the Herrman map and other evidence, it appears that the project
 vicinity was first settled by Europeans after 1670, but not in significant numbers until the late 1680's.

 As the Eastern Shore was settled, a network of dirt roads connected the various towns.  By the 1700s,
 a north-south highway, roughly following US 13 and US 113 of today, started at Newcastle, passed
 through Dover, Milford and  Georgetown in Delaware, and then St. Martin's, Snow Hill and
 Pocomoke in Maryland, before proceeding down the Eastern Shore of Virginia to Cape Charles.
 This gave the lower Eastern Shore a direct route to the North (Source: A History of Road Building
 in Maryland State Roads Commission of Maryland, 1958).

 US 113 was an earth and shell road until  1906, when the portion at Snow Hill was paved during the
 1906 through 1921 time period. By 1912, US 113 between Snow Hill and Berlin was paved; Berlin
 to Showell was paved between 1916 and 1917; and Showell to the Delaware state line was paved
 by 1921. (Source: Construction Record for Roadlife Studies, State Roads Commission Statewide
 Highway Planning Survey).

 Today, US  113 links the widely separated major population centers of Pocomoke City,  Snow Hill,
 Berlin, and Ocean City (via US 50 or MD 90) within Worcester County.  Both Worcester County
 residents and interstate travelers rely on US 113 to serve their long-distance travel needs through the
 eastern position of Delmarva.

 Recognizing this  travel characteristic, US 113 is designated a Principal Arterial on the Federal
 Functional Classification System of Highways, which was jointly developed by Worcester County
 and the SHA  and approved by FHWA. It is  an Intermediate Arterial on the State  Functional
 Classification System of Highways. Since these functions serve the long distance traveler, a high
 degree of mobility is the most important factor in designing future improvements. Arterials have
 high design speeds to facilitate the movement of traffic over long distances and to provide better
 safety features. Control of access is particularly desirable on the highest classes of arterials to limit
 the side friction land access causes. Since many arterials are also often high volume roadways, a
divided highway  with the appropriate degree of access  control is the preferred design  when
warranted by traffic demand.
                                         II-l

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US 113 Planning Study
As an important regional arterial, US 113 is part of the State Primary Highway System, a limited
mileage system of highways deemed essential to Maryland's economic and social well being. This
1 280 mile system links the state's major urban centers and county seats via mostly dualized
highways  many with access controls.  Perhaps even more important, US 113 has been designated
as a National Highway System route. This is a selective system of nationally important highways
that has a specified FHWA funding source provided by Congress.

B.     Preliminary Alternatives

On the basis of the project need as discussed in Chapter I and environmental constraints identified
in the project corridor as shown  in Chapter HI of this document, preliminary alternatives for
improvements to the existing two-lane portions of US  113 were developed. These preliminary
alternatives were presented during the Alternates Public Meeting Workshop, held in November
 1995 using aerial photography showing all of the known environmental features and alignments
Following this  Workshop, alignments were retained for further engineering and environmental
studies The alternatives presented in this Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) have been
presented at public meetings and to the environmental approval agencies (federal and state).

 As shown on Figure S-l and Figures S-2A through 2D, the US 113 planning study consists of two
 study areas:

      The southern study area extends from the existing dualized portion of US 113 just south of
      Snow Hill to the existing dualized portion of US 113 just south of Berlin, a distance of
      approximately 16.3 miles.  Alternatives in the southern study area are designated with an S.

      The northern study area extends from the existing dualized portion of US 113 just north of
      Berlin to the Delaware state line, a distance of approximately 7.5 miles. Alternatives in the
      northern study area are designated with an "N."

 Development of project alternatives began in early 1995 with the preparation of an environmental
 inventory of resources in the study area. Environmental constraints mapping was developed using
 existing data sources  including National Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps, Federal Emergency
 Management Agency  (FEMA) 100-year floodplain maps, and Maryland Historical Trust (MHT)
 files  The results of field .work further refined wetland  boundaries shown on the NWI and
 Department of Natural  Resources (DNR)  Wetland Inventory mapping, verified known and
 previously unknown historic sites, and assessed the potential for archeological resources.

 State and  federal regulatory  agencies have had the opportunity to review and comment on
 development of this study. Interagency Review meetings, hosted by the Maryland State Highway
 Administration (SHA), have served as a forum for interaction between the agencies and the study
 team on the project's purpose and need and the alternatives retained for detailed study. The goal ot
 the Interagency Review meetings is  to identify critical issues and resolve problems early in the
 planning process. The following agencies have participated in the Interagency Review meetings:
                                           77-2

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US 113 Planning Study
•    Federal Highway Administration
•    US Army Corps of Engineers
•    US Environmental Protection Agency
•    US Fish and Wildlife Service
•    National Marine Fisheries Service
•    Maryland Department of the Environment
•    Maryland Department of Natural Resources
•    Maryland Historical Trust
•    Maryland Office of Planning

A summary of the issues addressed at each Interagency Review and Field Review meeting is
provided in Chapter VI, Comments and Coordination.

SHA has met on several occasions with local public officials, representatives from the County
Residents Action for Safer  Highways (CRASH) organization, and local communities including
Friendship to provide information regarding the status of the project and to obtain input from local
citizens on alternative modifications.

C.   Alternatives Presented at the Alternates Public Workshop

     1.    Introduction

     SHA held an Alternates Public Workshop on November 30, 1995 to present the preliminary
     alternatives for public comment.  Comments and ideas received  at  the .workshop were
     incorporated into the development of the detailed alternatives.

     Preliminary alternatives considered for the southern study area included the No-Build
     (Alternative IS), TSM  (Alternative 2S), and dualization along the existing alignment
     (Alternative 3S). The  TSM Alternative provided local intersection improvements such as
     signing, lighting, and  marking as well as  turning and acceleration/deceleration lanes, and
     bypass lanes.  Alternative 3S, a Dualization Alternative, included the construction of a two-
     lane roadway parallel to the existing road resulting in a four-lane divided roadway with a 34-
     foot median. Figures n-1A through ID depicts the preliminary alignment of Alternative 3S.

     In the  northern study area, the preliminary alternatives considered included No-Build
     (Alternative IN), TSM  (Alternative 2N), dualization along the existing alignment (Alternative
     3N) and dualization along new alignment (Alternative 4N with options). The No-Build and
     TSM Alternatives, as well as the dualization along the existing alignment (Alternative 3N)
     were similar in  concept to those alternatives developed for the southern study area. The
     dualization on new alignment (Alternative 4N with options) involved the construction of a new
     four-lane, divided roadway on new location  away from the existing  US 113 alignment.
     Alternative 4N departed existing US 113 north of US 50, headed in a northerly direction along
     the west side of the existing roadway in  the Friendship/Jones area, and traversed through the
     graded area reserved for the previously planned US 113/MD 90 interchange. It then crossed
     existing US  113 and ran to the east of the existing roadway through the Showell area. From

                                          _

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US 113 Planning Study
     this point it ran parallel to the east side of US 113 crossing over to the west side in the Bishop
     area and tied back into the existing roadway just before the Delaware state line.  In addition
     to the primary alignment (Alternative 4N), two options were developed (Options A and B).
     Options A and B would both left the Alternative 4N alignment just north of the graded US
     113/MD 90 interchange area, ran with, and then to the east of the existing roadway and tied
     back into Alternative 4N just north of Showell. Figure H-1D shows the preliminary alignments
     of Alternatives 3N and 4N as well as Options A and B.

     2.    No-Build Alternatives (Alternatives IS and IN)

     The No-Build Alternatives did not provide any significant safety or capacity improvements.
     Minor improvements would occur as part of normal maintenance and safety operations. The
     routine maintenance operations would not measurably affect roadway capacity or reduce the
     accident rate.

           The No-Build Alternative has been retained for detailed study. Although this
           alternative does not meet the project need for safety and capacity improvements,
           it provides a basis for comparison of the impacts of the other alternatives. A list
           of improvements included under the No-Build Alternative is presented in Table
           II-l. Each improvement listed as part of the No-Build has been, or is currently
           programmed for, implementation.
      3.
Transportation Systems Management Alternative (Alternatives 2S and 2N)
      The Transportation Systems Management (TSM) Alternative provided local intersection
      improvements to the existing US 113 roadway.  These improvements would be part of an
      integrated plan of phased safety and capacity improvements, as well as traffic management
      strategies to provide relatively low cost refinements to the existing transportation system.  The
      TSM Alternatives included short-term spot improvements such as signing and marking, street
      lighting, warning flashers, traffic signals and intersection relocation, as well as longer-term
      improvements such as additional turning, acceleration/deceleration, and bypass lanes;  skid
      resistant pavement overlays; rumble slots along the median and along the outside edges of
      pavement; and the limiting of passing through some areas.

            The TSM Alternative has been retained for detailed study. Like the No-Build
            Alternative, the TSM Alternative does not address all of the safety issues along
            US 113 but does provide a low cost option to improve safely and operations at
            intersections along US 113.

            Following the initial review of alternatives retained for detail study, additional
            feasible alternatives were identified that could possibly satisfy the need of the
            project and are analyzed in later sections of this Chapter.  These Alternatives
            called for the inclusion of a median along the entire length of the two-lane
            roadway, with intersection improvements/turn lanes and passing lanes provided.
                                           II-4

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                                                             ALTERNATIVE 1S
                                                             ALTERNATIVE 2S
Legend
— — Existing US 113
— — Dualization on Existing Alignment
                      V.
KEY MAP
                                               US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                    Preliminary
                    Alternatives
                 SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                                        April 1997
                                      Figure
                                       IMA

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               -BASKET^SWITCH   /
                      X    :
ALTERNATIVE
ALTERNATIVE
ALTERNATIVE 3S
                       US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                           Preliminary
                           Alternatives
                       SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
Legend
     Existing US 113
_ _ Dualization on Existing Alignment

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      ALTERNATIVE 1S
      ALTERNATIVE 2S
      ALTERNATIVE 3S
                                              US 113 PLANNING STUDY
    Preliminary
    Alternatives
SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
Legend
     Existing US 113
— — Dualization on Existing Alignment

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                                                       BISHOPVILLE
ALTERNATIVE4N\ '
                                    ALTERNATIVE 4N
          ALTERNATIVE 1N
          ALTERNATIVE 2N
          ALTERNATIVE 3N
               ALTERNATIVE
ALTERNATIVE 4N
    ALTERNATIVE 4N
        Option A
                  ALTERNATIVE*
                                                ALTERNATIVE 1N
                                                ALTERNATIVE 2N
                                                ALTERNATIVE 3N
                                                     US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                                          Preliminary
                                                         Alternatives
                                                      NORTHERN STUDY AREA
 Legend
      Existing US 113
 _ — Dualzation on Existing Alignment
      DuaSzatfon on New Alignment

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US 113 Planning Study
           Median widths evaluated as a part of this concept included a 6-foot median with
           a traffic barrier, a 20-foot median with traffic barrier, and a 34-foot depressed
           grass median.

           The original TSM Alternatives are referred to as Alternatives 2S and 2N in this
           document. These alternatives now include a full-length pavement overlay and
           raised pavement markers.

           On the basis of the higher traffic volumes and capacity problems for any two-
           lane concept in the northern study area, no further evaluations of Alternative 2N-
           Median were made and it was dropped from detailed study. In the southern study
           area,  the 6-foot median option was dropped because of the inability to provide
           left turn lanes or "shelter" vehicles within the 6-foot wide median as well as the
           unacceptably too narrow offset distance between the travel lanes and the face of
           the barrier (2-feet). While the 34-foot wide median  was supported by some
           agencies for  improved water quality,  it too was dropped from further
           consideration  because its environmental impacts were nearly identical to the
           already developed Alternative 3S with 20-foot wide median. The 34-foot wide
           median could be considered as a design option.  The two-lane concept with a 20-
           foot wide median and traffic barrier was retained for the southern study area and
           is presented as Alternative 25-20' Median.  A detailed description of the
           Alternative 25-20' Median is included in the next section of this Chapter (Section
           II-D.4).

     4.     Dualization Alternatives

     All the  dualization alternatives were proposed as four-lane divided roadways with access
     partially controlled. Median and roadside landscaping would also be included.

     •     Dualization on Existing Alignment (Alternatives 3S and 3N)

     Dualization of existing US 113 involved the construction of a new two-lane roadway adjacent
     to the existing facility and the retention of the existing roadway where possible as either the
     northbound or southbound roadway. These alternatives used existing right-of-way to the extent
     possible. The new roadway would be constructed on either the east or west side of the existing
     roadway to minimize impacts to the natural environment and reduce the number of residential
     and commercial displacements. The typical roadway section would consist of two 12-foot
     travel lanes in each direction, a 34-foot depressed grass median, 10-foot outside shoulders, and
     20-feet of safety grading where possible.

           Following the initial review of alternatives retained for detail study, additional feasible
           alternatives were identified that could possibly satisfy the need of the project and are
           analyzed in later sections of this Chapter. One alternative called for a 20-foot wide
           median with traffic barrier. These new alternatives are referred to as Alternatives 3S-
           20' Median and 3N-20' Median.
                                          11-5

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US 113 Planning Study
           Consequently, the previous Alternatives 3S and 3Nhave been renamed Alternatives 3S-
           34' Median and 3N-34' Median.

           In addition to these median width options, safety grading options were also evaluated
           in only the northern study area (i.e. 50 MPH or 60 MPH design speeds).

           Each of these alternatives is described in detail in the next section of this Chapter
           (Section II-D).

     +    Dualization on New Alignment (Alternative 4N with Options)

     The dualization on new  alignment involved the construction of a new four-lane divided
     roadway away from the existing US 113 facility. The roadway would be constructed on new
     location to minimize impacts to residential and commercial properties.  The typical roadway
     section consisted of two 12-foot travel lanes in each direction, a 34-foot depressed grass
     median,  10-foot outside shoulders, and 20-feet of safety grading on both sides of the roadway.

     Alternative 4N left existing US  113 north of US 50, headed in a northerly direction on the west
     side of the existing roadway in the Friendship area and traversed through the graded area
     reserved for the previously planned MD 90 interchange. It then crossed existing US 113 and
     continued on the east side of the existing roadway through the Showell area.  From this point,
     it continued parallel to and just  on the east side of US 113 crossing over to the west side in the
     Bishop area, and tied back into the existing roadway just before the Delaware state line.

     Alternative 4N had two optional alignments in the Showell area. Options A and B both left
     the Alternative 4N alignment  just north of the graded US 113 / MD 90 interchange area,
     followed with, and then on the east side of the existing roadway and tied back into Alternative
     4N just north of Showell.

           Following the Alternates Public Workshop, SHA made the decision to carry only
           portions of the new alignment Dualization Alternatives ahead for detailed study.
            The rational for dropping the other roadway segments is as follows:

           North of the MD 90 interchange, the original Alternative 4N alignment was
            dropped  to avoid  a residential displacement, reduce  right-of-way costs by
            approximately $500,000, reduce wetland impacts at the proposed Church Branch
            crossing by 0.6 acres, reduce woodland impacts by 2.4 acres, reduce farmland
            impacts by 5.5 acres, reduce forested habitat fragmentation in the vicinity of
            Church Branch, and avoid impacts to the historic Saint Martin's Church. The
           Alternative 4N Modified alignment retained for detailed study has been shifted
            slightly from  the  original Alternative 4N Option A/B  alignment to avoid a
            residential displacement while not creating any additional impacts in the vicinity.
                                           II-6

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US 113 Planning Study
           From North of Racetrack Road (MD 589) to Jarvis Road, the remaining portions
           of Alternative 4N and Alternative 4N Option A were dropped from detailed study
           to reduce forested habitat fragmentation and wetland impacts (approximately 1.4
           acres) associated with Middle and Birch Branches and to avoid conflicts with on-
           going and proposed residential development along Shingle Landing Road.
           Alternative 4N Option B was realigned for Alternative 4N Modified to tie back
           into existing US 113 just north of Shingle Landing Road to avoid five residential
           displacements and minimize conflicts with the on-going development to the east.

           From Jarvis Road to just north of Bishopville Road (MD 367), the original
           Alternative 4N has been  shifted to  use existing US 113 as  the proposed
           southbound roadway, thereby reducing  the required right-of-way  and the
           associated natural and socioeconomic impacts. North of Bishopville Road, the
           original Alternative 4N diverged from existing US 113 to the west to avoid three
           residential and two business displacements.   The Alternative 4N Modified
           alignment uses a flatter curve to reduce wetland impacts by 1.5 acres and reduce
           forested habitat fragmentation.

           Following the initial review of alternatives retained for detail study, additional
           feasible alternatives were identified that could possibly satisfy the need of the
           project and are analyzed in later sections of this Chapter. This alternative called
           for a 20-foot wide median with traffic barrier. This new alternative is referred
           to as Alternative 4N Modified-20' Median, with the previous alternative now
           referred to as Alternative 4N Modified-34' Median.

           Each of these alternatives is described in detail in the next section of this Chapter
           (Section II-D).
                                          11-7

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US 113 Planning Study
D.   Alternatives Currently Under Consideration

     1.    Introduction

     As  previously discussed  in the Summary, a total of fifteen (15) alternatives are under
     consideration for the US 113 study area. Text and typical sections for these alternatives are
     presented in this Chapter; plans at a scale of 1"=400' are presented in Appendix A (Figures 1
     through 7 for Alternative 2S-201 Median; Figures 8 through 17 for the dualization alternatives).
     Impacts associated with these alternatives are fully addressed in Chapters IV and V of this
     document and are compared on Table S-1.

     All reasonable alternatives are now under consideration; a decision will be made after the
     alternatives' impacts and comments on the DEES and from the public hearing have been fully
     evaluated. The following lists the fifteen (15) alternatives presented in detail in this document:

     +•    Southern Study Area: 16.3 miles

     •     Alt. IS:  No Build - retain existing one lane per direction.

           Alt. 2S:  Transportation  Systems Management (TSM) - one lane per direction with
                    intersection improvements
           Alt. 2S-20' Median:
           Alt. 3S-201 Median:
           Alt. 3S-341 Median:
One lane per direction with 20-foot wide median/guardrail
and passing lanes (and 60 MPH design speed).

Dualization to provide 4 lanes along existing US 113 and 20-
foot wide median/guardrail (and 60 MPH design speed).

Dualization to provide 4 lanes along existing US 113 and 34-
foot wide median (and 60 MPH design speed).
           Northern Study Area: 7.5 miles

           Alt IN:  No Build: retain existing one lane per direction.

           Alt 2N:  Transportation Systems Management (TSM) - one lane per direction with
                     intersection improvements.

           Alt. 3N-20* Median/50 MPH:  Dualization to provide 4 lanes along existing US 113
                                         with 20-foot  wide median/guardrail and 50  MPH
                                         design speed.

           Alt 3N-34' Median/50 MPH:  Dualization to provide 4 lanes along existing US 113
                                         with 34-foot wide median and 50 MPH design speed.

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US 113 Planning Study
          Alt. 3N-20' Median/60 MPH:  Dualization to provide 4 lanes along existing US 113
                                       with 20-foot wide median/guardrail and 60 MPH
                                       design speed.

          Alt. 3N-34' Median/60 MPH:  Dualization to provide 4 lanes along existing US 113
                                       with 34-foot wide median and 60 MPH design speed.

          Alt. 4N Modified-20' Median: Dual highway in new location to provide 4-lanes with
                                       20-foot wide median/guardrail (and 60 MPH design
                                       speed)

          Alt. 4N Modified-341 Median: Dual highway in new location to provide 4-lanes with
                                       34-foot wide median (and 60 MPH design speed)
          Alt. 3N/4N Modified-20' Median:
          Alt. 3N/4N Modified-341 Median:
Combination of Alts. 3N & 4N Modified to
provide  4   lanes   with  20-foot  wide
median/guardrail (and 60 MPH design speed)

Combination of Alts. 3N & 4N Modified to
provide 4 lanes with 34-foot wide median
(and 60 MPH design speed)
     2.    No-Build Alternatives (Alternatives IS and IN) - Baseline

     The No-Build Alternatives would not provide major improvements to the existing US 113
     roadways.  Minor improvements would occur as part of normal maintenance and safety
     operations. These improvements, however, do not provide features that would prevent further
     opposite direction collisions where the probable cause is identified as the failure to drive in the
     designated lane or failure to keep right of the centerline. Specific improvements recently
     implemented or programmed for implementation are listed in Table II-1, locations of these
     improvements are shown on Figures II-2A through n-2D.  Typical sections are shown on
     Figure H-3. The routine maintenance operations would not measurably affect roadway capacity
     or reduce the accident rate. Spot improvements would continue as funding becomes available.
     Although the No-Build Alternatives will not meet the project need, they are being used as a
     basis of comparison for analysis of the other alternatives.

     3.    Transportation Systems Management Alternatives
          Alternatives 2S and 2N

     The Transportation Systems Management (TSM) Alternatives would provide improvements
     along the existing roadway to enhance  safety and reduce traffic congestion without major
     alteration to  the existing two-lane highway. The proposed TSM improvements include
     intersection improvements and additional measures to improve the safety of the existing two-
                                        77-9

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US 113 Planning Study
     lane roadway. While these improvements are not presently programmed for implementation,
     they would be part of an integrated plan of phased safety and capacity improvements.  The
     TSM Alternatives include the continued short-term spot improvements such as signing and
     marking, street lighting, warning flashers, and addresses longer-term improvements with
     additional turning, acceleration/deceleration, and bypass lanes; skid resistant pavement
     overlays; rumble slots along the centerline and along the outside edges of pavement; and, the
     limiting of passing through some areas. The improvements would be prioritized by SHA
     during the final design phase. Specific TSM improvements are listed in Table H-l, locations
     of these improvements are shown on Figures H-2A through H-2D.  Typical sections are shown
     on Figure II-3.

     The estimated construction costs for the TSM Alternatives 2S and 2N are as follows:

     *•    Alternative 2S (see Tables H-1A, -IB, -1C and Figures H-2A, -2B, -2C)

           Total Cost for Improvements = $6.4 M

           This cost includes installing a skid resistant pavement overlay and Hazard Warning
           Rumble Slots along the length of the study area on the center line and on the outside
           edges of pavement and spot intersection improvements.

     +    Alternative 2N (see Table H-1D and Figure H-2D)

           Total Cost for Improvements = $2.2 M

           This cost includes installing a skid resistant pavement overlay and Hazard Warning
           Rumble Slots along the length of the study area on the center line and on the outside
           edges of pavement and spot intersection improvements.
                                         11-10

-------

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VARIABLE RIGHT -OP
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                        ALTERNATIVE 1N-NO BUILD
                          ALTERNATIVE 2N - TSM

W I 24'
6*t* I E**V
•-*' — **•* •
*
ia
zz

VARIABLE ROHT-OF-WAY


                       ALTERNATIVE 1S-NO-BUILD
                          ALTERNATIVE 2S - TSM
NOTE: TSM Includes full width skid resistant pavement
overlay with rumble slots in shoulders and along centerHne.
The dimensions shown are for the purpose of
determining cost estimates and environmental
impacts and are subject to change during the
final design phase.
                                                  US 113 PLANNING STUDY
          T/pical Sections
Alternatives 1S & 1N No-Build
  Alternatives 2S & 2N TSM
                                                           April 1997
                             Figure
                              11-3

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US 113 Planning Study
     4.    Alternative 2S-20' Median (see Appendix A, Figures 1 through 7)

     Improvement alternatives along the existing US 113 alignment which provided a median but
     retained the one-travel lane per direction configuration were developed in early 1997 following
     an initial review of the environmental impacts of the alternatives then under consideration.
     These new alternatives addressed a two-lane roadway with various median widths, passing
     lanes as required, and 10-foot shoulders. The median widths evaluated were:

           •    a 6-foot median with a traffic barrier
           •    a 20-foot median with a traffic barrier
           •    a 34-foot depressed grass median

     While intersection improvements would also be incorporated into  these  designs, these
     alternatives do not address all of the safety issues along US 113. These alternatives would
     introduce some new safety concerns and do not fully address capacity/operational problems,
     however, they would provide relatively low cost options to improve safety at intersections
     along US 113 and improve safety along the roadway.

     As previously discussed in Section n.C.3 of this document, the 6-foot wide median option was
     not evaluated further because of the inability to provide left turn lanes or "shelter" vehicles at
     intersections within the narrow median. Also, the  34-foot median  option was not  further
     evaluated, primarily because its impacts would be nearly identical to the already developed
     Alternative 3S-201 median. A two-lane typical section with a 34-foot wide median could be
     considered as a design option. And finally, the higher traffic volumes and capacity problems
     in the northern study area precluded further consideration of Alternative 2N-Median options.

     Consequently, only Alternative 2S-20' Median is addressed in this document. Typical sections
     for Alternative 2S-20' Median are shown on Figure n-4. Detailed plans for the Alternative 2S-
     20-Median, at a scale of 1" = 400', are presented in Appendix A, Figures 1 though 7.

     On the south, Alternative 2S-20' Median begins approximately 1,000' north of Woodside Lane
     as a transition from two travel lanes per direction separated by a 75-footฑ wide median to one
     travel lane per direction separated by a 20-foot wide median with traffic barrier.  Through the
     first curve, the alignment would stay on the east side of the existing roadway.

     Continuing north, the new northbound lane would be constructed parallel to  and east of the
     existing roadway (to become the new southbound lane) utilizing existing US 113 as the
     southbound lane. This section of the alignment intersects with Castle Hill Road, Snow Hill
     Road (MD 12), Washington Street/Brick Kiln Road, and Public Landing Road  (MD 365), and
     passes over Purnell Branch, intersects with the Maryland and Delaware Railroad, Market Street
     (MD 394N) and Timmons Road. Immediately north of Public Landing Road (MD  365), a
     northbound passing  lane 12-feet in  width  and approximately  1 mile in length would be
     provided.  This lane would end just past the Market Street (MD 394N) intersection. As shown
     on Appendix A, Figures 1, 2 and 3,  the majority of the right-of-way for this alternative is
     already in place.
                                          11-15

-------
                           ALTERNATIVE 2S - 20' MEDIAN
                                 (2 - LANES DIVIDED)
  NOTE:
  Passing laneo 12-feet in width and approximately 1 to 1.25 mites in tength would be
  provided at the following locations:
    - NorthoouxlbehsซenPiJbปcLand^Road(MD365)ซxJMaite
-------
US 113 Planning Study
     Alternative 2S-20' Median then curves to the east, 3,600 feet north of Timmons Road, passing
     in front of the Snow Hill Mennonite Church along the west side of US 113. Between Timmons
     Road and Cedartown Road, a southbound passing lane 12-feet in width and approximately 1
     mile in length would be provided.

     Continuing in a northeasterly direction to 1,300 feet south of Cedartown Road, this alternative
     parallels the existing roadway to the west, utilizing existing US 113 as the northbound lane.
     The alignment then curves to the north, intersecting with Cedartown Road.

     Continuing in an northeasterly direction, this alternative parallels existing US 113 on the west,
     utilizing approximately 8,800 feet of existing US 113 as the northbound lane. This section of
     the alignment crosses over both Poorhouse Branch and Five Mile Branch, and intersects with
     Porters Crossing Road, Central Site Lane and Five Mile Branch Road. Approximately 200
     linear feet of Five Mile Branch Road would be reconstructed to improve its intersection with
     US 113.

     The alignment then curves to the east and stays on the west side of existing US 113.  To
     accomplish this transition, approximately 1,600 linear feet of the existing roadway would be
     reconstructed.

     Continuing in an easterly then northeasterly direction, the alignment parallels existing US 113
     to the west up to Basket Switch Road, where it transitions to the east side of US 113. This
     section of the alignment intersects with Basket Switch  Road, Newark Road, the Maryland and
     Delaware Railroad track, Langmaid Road, Newark Road/Gunning Club Lane, and passes over
     Massey Branch and Porter Creek. Between Basket  Switch Road and  Langmaid  Road, a
     northbound passing lane 12-feet  in width and approximately 1  mile in length would  be
     provided. A similar southbound passing lane would also be provided between Langmaid Road
     and Newark Road.

     Continuing in a northeasterly direction, Alternative 2S-20' Median transitions from the east
     side to the west side of the existing roadway between Gunning Club Lane and Croppers Island
     Road. This alternative continues in a northeasterly direction, paralleling existing US 113 to
     the west. This section of the alternative intersects with Croppers Island Road, Downs Road,
     Goody Hill Road, Bays .End Lane, both ends of Shire Drive, Lxmshire Station/Mason Road and
     Harrison Road, and crosses over Goody Hill Branch and Poplartown Branch. Alternative 2S-
     20' Median along the existing two-lane portions of US  113 meets the existing dualized US 113
     at Hayes Landing Road.

     Summary of Alternative 2S 20' Median:

     •     Alternative 2S would typically be along the centerline of the existing two-lane US 113;
           shifts would occur so as to avoid/minimize displacements and sensitive environmental
           features (streams and wetlands).  One travel lane would be provided per direction.
                                         11-16

-------
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                                              US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                              Improvement Locations
                              Alternative 1S No-Build
                                Alternative 2S TSM
                                 SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                                      April 1997
                                                     Figure
                                                      II-2C
                                                                          f\

-------
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                                                  US 113 PLANNING STUDY
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            April 1997

-------

                  STATE
Legend
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 •  Spot Intersection Improvements
     (See Table IMA)
 A a A  TSM Improvements
	Along Existing US 113	
   US 113 PLANNING STUDY

Improvement Locations
Alternative 1S No-Build
   Alternative 2S TSM
   SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
   _.   |            I
           April 1997
                                                                   Figure
                                                                    II-2A

-------
                I See Table H-
   US 113 PLANNING STUDY
Improvement Locations
Alternative 1S No-Build
   Alternative 2S TSM
   SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
Legend
    Spot Intersection Improvements
    (See Table IMA)
 A A TSM Improvements
    Along Existing US 113

-------
 US 113 Planning Study
                       Table IMA:    No-Build and TSM Alternatives
                                       (see Figure II-2A)
m
Number
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
US 113
Improvement
Location
US 113 at Castle Hill
Road
US 113 at Snow Hill
Road/MD 12
US 113 at Washington
Street/Brick Kiln Road
US 113 at Public
Landing Road / MD 365
US 113 at RR Crossing
(south of MD 394)
US 113atMD394
US 113 atTimmons
Road
No-Build Improvem*
Alternative IS
Install intersection flashing beacon
Install street lighting
Install intersection flashing beacon
Install oversized intersection
warning signs and stop signs
Install intersection flashing beacon
Install street lighting
Install northbound and southbound
bypass lanes
Install stop sign ahead sign
Install intersection flashing beacon
mts
**p •*- ^
Status
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
' Complete
Complete
Complete
none
Install street lighting
Install intersection flashing beacon
Install improved signing
Install street lighting
Complete
Complete
Complete
Planned
TSM Improvements
Alternative 2S

none
none
none
none
Install mechanical crossing arms
Construct northbound bypass
lane;
Install new bypass lane markings
Construct southbound bypass
lane
Install new bypass lane markings
Install stop line on Timmons
Note: No-Build improvements are currently funded for implementation. TSM improvements would be implemented if
a TSM Alternative were selected, but are not currently funded for construction.
                                             11-11

-------
r
                US 113 Planning Study
                                      Table II-1B:    No-Build and TSM Alternatives
                                                      (see Figure II-2B)
1 II 	 !i- - - " J' -m'.-L
Number

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
	 -L — •
.•;ฅ• us Il3p||
Improvemenff;
;. Location^;
US 1 13 at
Cedartown Road
US 113 at Porters
Crossing Road
US 113 at Central
Site Lane
US 113 at Five
Mile Branch Road
US 113 at Basket
Switch Road
US 113 at Newark
Road (South)
US 113 at RR
Crossing (north of
Newark Road)
US 113 at
Langmaid Road
;^- No-Build Improvem
.•-ir.'.'KrtirSKSS-'r-^^-^fi-V^ii-i-- :iS*;.<-^;->
4^i'^'4^'~^-^4^^ฅ^^!^L^'^^^^
_ -0.:T=* ;\*V.;^y-. %>,.>'** .•-•* ;•,--. ;* ~- *>'- • v
Install street lighting
Mark intersection for no passing
Install street lighting
Install southbound intersection
warning sign
Install street lighting
Mark intersection for no passing
Install street lighting
Install street lighting
Mark intersection for no passing
none
Install northbound and
southbound bypass lanes
Install street lighting
Install intersection flashing
beacon

Status
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete

Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
ftt >^>TSM Improvements
^ง If ;f ^^Alternative 2S'>"ff-- '
'"*{*', ' "f '•*''•''"•.'• i •" ; . , ,
-. . ' '*•',• '•-.•• . - '- . i , • •
Construct southbound bypass lane
Install new bypass lane markings
Construct northbound bypass lane
Install new lane markings
Install street lighting
Construct northbound bypass lane
Install new lane markings
Construct southbound bypass lane
Install new lane markings
Construct northbound and southbound
bypass lane
Install new bypass lane markings
Install mechanical crossing arms
none
                 Note: No-Build improvements are currently funded for implementation. TSM improvements would be implemented if
                 a TSM Alternative were selected, but are not currently funded for construction.
                                                              77-72
     "t-

-------
US 113 Planning Study
                        Table IMC:   No-Build and TSM Alternatives
                                        (see Figure II-2C)
ID
Number
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
US 113 ,
Improvement
Location
US 113 at Gunning
Club Lane/Newark
Road (north)
US 1 1 3 at Croppers
Island Road
US 1 1 3 at Downs
Road
US 113 at Goody
Hill Road
US 113 at Bays End
Lane
US 113 at Shire
Road (south)
US 1 1 3 at Ironshire
Station
Road/Mason Road
US 113 at Shire
Road (north)
US 113 at Harrison
Road
US113at
Friendship Road /
MD452
. No-Build Improven
Alternative IS
•>. ^ O
Install stop lines on side roads
Construct northbound bypass
lane
Install street lighting
Install street lighting
Install street lighting
Install street lighting
Mark intersection for no
passing
Install street lighting
Mark intersection for no
passing
Install stop line on Shire Road
Install street lighting
Mark intersection for no
passing
Install stop line on Mason
Road
Install street lighting
Install stop line on Shire Road
Mark intersection for no
passing
Install street lighting
Install stop line on Harrison
Road
Mark intersection for no
passing
Construct acceleration and
deceleration lanes along
northbound US 113
Construct southbound US 1 13
bypass lane
tents
•-,
Status
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
Planned
Planned
„ TSM Improvements
• . „ Alternative 2S
Install concrete channelization island
Construct southbound bypass lane
Install new lane markings
Construct northbound bypass lane
Install new lane markings
Construct southbound bypass lane
Install new lane markings
Construct southbound bypass lane
Install new lane markings
Construct northbound bypass lane
Install new lane markings
none
Construct northbound bypass lane
Install new bypass lane markings
Construct southbound bypass lane
Install new bypass lane markings
none
Note: No-Build improvements are currently funded for implementation. TSM improvements would be implemented if a TSM
Alternative were selected, but are not currently funded for construction.
                                               77-73

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US 113 Planning Study
                       Table II-1D:    No-Build and TSM Alternatives
                                        (see Figure II-2D)
w
Number
' ..,•'.:-••' ''''ฃv
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
: -US U3';ฃ^
Improvement*
t'^Locatio^ft
•:^V ";.>uV .:?.' r-^'Ag?^
-v, v% '., l, ., *.-j;.v -X J,vฃ .^V^AST.*.
US 113 at Jones
Road/Carey Road
US 113 at Racetrack
Road /MD 589
US 113 at Pitts Road
US 113 at Peerless
Road
US 113 at Shingle
Landing Road
US 113 at Bunting
Road/Jarvis Road
US113atKary
Asphalt Entrance
US 113 at Bishopville
Road/ MD367
US 113 at RR
Crossing (south of
MD610)
US113atWhaleyville
Road/ MD 610
US 113 at Morris
Road/Hotel Road
^'•Siiflt^o^!^
-. ?^tJ&ฃfiฃ!&s!ฃf&&^?5&'T?t**siฃ **•**' • *•* '"•'•"• 'j '••'*'--' - ป-'_"l^-?^ฃ^to:*2;iyI"'^^'.fl,v,*;ij^ ''f-t
v -^^^^|Sll?Alfeni^ive IN ^if^t/w^g^j;

none
Provide acceleration/deceleration lanes on
northbound US 113
Install traffic signal with advance warning
signs and flashing beacon
Widen Pitts Road to provide left and right
turn lanes
Install intersection flashing beacon
Complete
Complete
Complete
Complete
none
none
Relocate the Jarvis Road/Bunting Road
intersection
Construct southbound US 1 13 left turn lane
Widen southbound US 1 13 shoulder to
extend acceleration lane
Widen northbound US 1 13 shoulder to
provide bypass lane
Overlay with 1 W bituminous concrete
Provide northbound and southbound
bypass lanes on US 113
Construct westbound MD 367 right turn
lane
Install street lighting
Planned
Planned
Planned
Planned
Planned
Planned
Planned
none
Install northbound and southbound left turn
lanes;
Install southbound right turn lane;
Install traffic signal
Complete
Complete
Complete
none
TS1VI Imprpyeme
l^'^Alterriative 2N
aMt'^'iS^as^Sivp;
-~, •ฃv?i,t-;;; ••1,T', ^•i.v^i.er .VSj.'V'ifti' :'t.'j3 i-^rjV
Install stop lines on Jones
Road and Carey Road
none
none
Construct northbound by
lane
Install stop line and stop
on Pearless Road
Install street lighting
none
none
Mark intersection for no
passing
Install mechanical crossir
gates
Install additional street
lighting
Construct curbing in
southeast quadrant of
intersection
Construct acceleration lar
along southbound US 1 K
Install oversized intersect
warning signs and stop si
Note: No-Build improvements are currently funded for implementation. TSM improvements would be implemented it a
Alternative were selected, but are not currently funded for construction.
                                               11-14

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US 113 Planning Study
          Design Speed would be 60 MPH.

          Median width would provide 8-feet of recovery area for vehicles that leave the roadway
          toward the center.

          The paved outside shoulders would be 10-feet wide and 20-feet of safety grading would
          be provided. In sensitive areas (such as a wetland or stream crossing), guardrail would
          be provided in place of the roadside grading to minimize impacts.

          Left turn lanes and median breaks would be provided at the following intersections:

          -   Castle Hill Road
          -   Snow Hill Road (MD 12)
          -   Brick Kiln Road/Washington Street
          -   Public Landing Road (MD 365)
          -   Market Street (MD 394N) (T intersection)
          -   Timmons Road (T intersection)
          -   Cedartown Road (T intersection)
          -   Porters Crossing Road (T intersection)
          -   Central Site Lane (T intersection)
          -   Five Mile Branch Road (T intersection)
          -   Basket Switch Road (T intersection)
              Newark Road
          -   Langmaid Road
          -   Gunning Club Lane/Newark Road
          -   Croppers Island Road (T intersection)
          -   Downes Road (T intersection)
          -   Goody Hill Road (T intersection)
          -   Bays End Lane (T intersection)
          -   Shire Road (south) T intersection)
          -   Mason Road/Ironshire Station Road
          -   Shire Road (north) (T intersection)
          -   Harrison Road (T intersection)

          Passing lanes 12-feet in width and approximately 1 to 1.25 miles in length would be
          placed at the following four locations:

          -   Northbound between Public Landing Road (MD 365) and Market Street (MD
             394N).
          -   Southbound between Timmons Road and Cedartown Road.
          -   Northbound between Basket Switch Road and Langmaid Road.
          -   Southbound between Langmaid Road and Gunning Club Road/Newark Road.
                                       11-17

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US 113 Planning Study
          Driveways and minor service roads would be provided with a right-in/right-out only.

          Drivers from driveways that need to access the other side of the road would have to turn
          right and travel to the nearest intersection to make a U-turn (i.e. a driveway on the
          northbound side of the road that wants to travel southbound would turn right heading
          northbound, go to the next intersection, and use the left turn lane for a U-tum).

          The estimated cost for Alternative 2S-201 Median is:
                          Right of Way

                          Engineering &
                          Construction
                          TOTAL (1997$)
$1.4M


$47.4 M


$48.8 M
                                         11-18

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US 113 Planning Study
     S.     Introduction to Duallzation Alternative

     The dualization alternatives under consideration for US 113 propose a four-lane divided
     roadway with a median. Access would be partially controlled where possible and median and
     roadside landscaping would be provided. The dualization alternatives in the southern study
     area have been developed for a design speed of 60 MPH with both 20-foot wide and 34-foot
     wide medians evaluated  (the 20-foot wide median was chosen because  it represents the
     minimum separation into which left turn lanes and a narrow divider can be provided; the 34-
     foot wide median was chosen because it provides the full 30-feet of recovery area width
     appropriate for this design  speed). The dualization alternatives in the northern study area have
     been developed for design speeds of both 50 MPH and 60 MPH along the existing US 113
     alignment, and 60 MPH along the new location alignment.  Median widths of 20-feet and 34-
     feet have been evaluated for all dualization alternatives in the northern study area. In addition,
     these dualization alternatives in the northern study area have been developed in segments with
     common end points so that they can be used in various combinations.

     The dualization alternatives retained for detailed study are graphically presented on Figures n-
     5A through II-5D. Typical sections for the dualization alignment with a 20-foot median with
     traffic barrier (Alternatives 3S-20' Median and 3N-20' Median) are  shown on Figure n-6; the
     typical sections for the dualization alignment with a 34-foot median (Alternatives 3S-34'
     Median and 3N-34' Median) are shown on Figure n-7; the typical sections for the new location
     alignments (Alternatives 4N Modified-201 Median and 4N Modified -34' Median) are presented
     on Figure II-8.  Detailed  plans of the dualization alternatives,  at a scale of 1"  = 400', are
     presented in  Appendix A, Figures 8 though 17.

     The dualization alternatives were developed and refined to minimize impacts to the natural,
     socioeconomic, and cultural environment while meeting the project need. Major environmental
     constraints affecting the location of the project alternatives included wetlands, streams, existing
     and planned residential and commercial properties, historic sites, and utility locations. In these
     sensitive areas, outside guardrail will be evaluated during final design so as to reduce the
     roadside grading area and  thus reduce impacts.

     6.     Dualization Alternatives Along the Existing Alignment in the Southern Study Area
           (see Appendix A, Figures 8 through 14)

     The typical roadway section would consist of two 12-foot  travel lanes in each direction, a
     median, 10-foot outside shoulders, and 20-feet of safety grading on both sides of the roadway
     where appropriate.  This alternative is being designed for a 60 MPH design speed with two
     alternative median widths and treatments. The proposed typical sections for Alternative 3S are
     shown on Figure n-6 for 3S-20' Median and Figure n-7 for 3S-341 Median.

     Beginning on the south, the dualization for Alternatives 3S-20' Median and 3S-341 Median
     begin as an extension of the existing dualized US Route 113, approximately 450 feet east of
     Market Street (MD 394) and Woodside Lane intersection. Through the first curve, the median
                                         77-79

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175113 Plannine Study
     transitions from a width of 75-feet + to the proposed median section, and shifts the alignment
     to the west of the existing roadway.  Approximately 2,300 feet of mainline roadway up to just
     south of Castle Hill Road would be reconstructed.

     Continuing north, a new roadway would be constructed parallel to the existing roadway to the
     west, utilizing approximately 5.1 miles of existing US 113 as the northbound roadway.  This
     section of the alignment intersects  with  Castle Hill Road, Snow Hill Road  (MD 12),
     Washington Street/Brick Kiln Road,  and Public Landing Road (MD 365), and passes over
     Pumell Branch, intersects with the Maryland and Delaware Railroad, Market Street  (MD
     394N) and Timmons Road. Approximately 600 linear feet of southbound Market Street would
     be reconstructed to meet the proposed dualized roadway.  No substantive change in the cross
     street vertical alignments would be planned. As shown on Appendix A, Figures 8, 9 and 10,
     the majority of the right-of-way for this dualization is already in place.

     The alignment then curves to the east,  3,600 feet north of Timmons Road, passing to the south
     of Snow  Hill  Mennonite Church,  and  slightly  improving  the  horizontal alignment.
     Approximately 2,200 linear feet of mainline would be reconstructed to flatten the curve at this
     location.

     Continuing in a northeasterly direction to  1,300 feet south of Cedartown Road, the alignment
     parallels the existing roadway to the west, utilizing approximately 1,300 feet of existing US
     113 as the northbound roadway. The alignment then curves to  the north, intersecting with
     Cedartown Road. To reduce the horizontal curve, approximately 1,400 linear feet of mainline
     would be reconstructed up to Cedartown Road.

     Continuing in an northeasterly direction,  the alignment parallels the existing roadway on the
     west, utilizing approximately 8,800 feet of existing roadway as northbound US  113.  This
     section of the alignment crosses over both Poorhouse Branch and Five Mile Branch, and
     intersects with Porters Crossing Road,  Central Site Lane  and Five  Mile Branch Road.
     Approximately 200 linear feet of Five Mile Branch Road would be reconstructed to improve
     its intersection with US 113.

     The alignment then curves to the east and transitions from the west side to the east side of the
     existing US 113 roadway. To accomplish this transition, approximately 1,600  linear feet of
     the existing roadway would be reconstructed.

     Continuing in an easterly then northeasterly direction, the alignment parallels the existing
     roadway to the east, utilizing approximately 4.45 miles of existing roadway as southbound US
     113. This section of the alignment intersects with Basket Switch Road, Newark Road, the
     Maryland and Delaware Railroad track, Langmaid Road, Newark Road/Gunning Club Lane,
     and passes over Massey Branch and Porter Creek. Approximately 300 feet of the east side of
     Newark Road at the MD and Delaware  Railroad crossing will be reconstructed, providing
     improved intersection sight distance and improving the horizontal alignment of Newark Road.
                                         77-20

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               STATE
Legend


— — Dualization along Existing Alignment
       rOKfcs I  \
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                             KEY MAP
                   US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                Dualization Alternatives
              Retained for Detailed Study
                   SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                ICwytexf
                SttttHnny
                                                      April 1997
Figure
II-5A

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                   ALTERNATIVE 3S - 20' Median
                   ALTERNATIVE 3S-3   ean
— — Dualization along Existing Alignment
                          p-%
        A
                                             US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                          Dualization Alternatives
                                        Retained for Detailed Stuc
                                             SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
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                                                      April 1997
                         Figu
                         II-5I

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ALTERNATIVE 33 - 20'
ALTERNAT1VE3S-34'
                                              US 113 PLANNING STUDY
  Legend

  — — Dualizaflon along Existing AHgnment
  Dualization Alternatives
Retained for Detailed Study
     SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                                      April 1997
                          Figure
                           II-5C

-------
                               (oBJimm-js'ss^^ssL
                  \ALTERNATIVE 3N • 20' MEDIAN
                       (50MPH&60MPH)

                  ] ALTERNATIVE 3N-34'MEDIAN
                       50MPHA60MPH
                        ALTERNATIVE 4N
                          MODIFIED
                     120' Median & 34' Median
                                             SCALE IN FEET
         "-^   A^iiStM  A ALTERNATIVE 3N • 20' MEDIAN
INTERCHANGE I   .• <^ f X^     (SO MPH A 60 MPH)
                         \ ALTERNATIVE 3N - 34' MEDIAN
                              SOMPH&60MPH
                          INTERCHANGE\
-L?.M.f,
   KEY
                              US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                           Dualization Alternatives
                         Retained for Detailed Stud
                               NORTHERN STUDY AREA

                                       April 1997      1SJ

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                        ALTERNATIVE 3N-20'MEDIAN
                  DUALIZATION ALONG EXISTING ALIGNMENT
                              (50 MPH & 60 MPH)



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                                                   25*
                                       -901-
                                  VARtABLEKQHT-OFWAY-
                       ALTERNATIVE 35-20' MEDIAN
                DUALIZATION ALONG EXISTING ALIGNMENT
                                 (60 MPH)
* 50 MPH Design Speed requires 9' of Safety Grading
 60 MPH Design Speed requires 20' of Safety Grading

  The dimensions shown are for the purpose of
  determining cost estimates and environmental
  Impacts and are subject to change during the
  final design phase.
                                                  US 113 PLANNING STUDY
       Typical Sections
Alternative 3S - 20' Median
Alternative 3N - 20' Median
                                              AAnttMnttn
                                                          April 1997
                          Figure
                           11-6

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                       ALTERNATIVE 3N-34'MEDIAN
                DUALIZATION ALONG EXISTING ALIGNMENT
                            (50 MPH & 60 MPH)
                      ALTERNATIVE 3S-34'MEDIAN
               DUALIZATION ALONG EXISTING ALIGNMENT
                                (60 MPH)
' 50 MPH Design Speed requires 91 of Safety Grading
 60 MPH Design Speed requires 20' of Safety Grading
  The dmenstons shown are for the purpose of
  determining cost estimates and environmental
  Impacts and are subject to change during the
  final design phase.
                                                 US 113 PLANNING STUDY
       Typical Sections
Alternative 3S - 34' Medlar
Alternative 3N - 34' Mediar
                                              AcMMMnMton
                                                         April 1997
                         Rgu
                          11-7

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US 113 Planning Study
     Continuing in a northeasterly direction, the alignment transitions from the east side to the west
     side of the  existing roadway between Gunning Club Lane and Croppers Island Road.
     Approximately 800 linear feet of mainline would be reconstructed to flatten the curve at this
     location.

     The alignment continues in a northeasterly direction, paralleling the existing roadway to the
     west, utilizing approximately 3.6 miles of existing US 113 as the northbound roadway. This
     section of the alignment intersects with Croppers Island Road, Downs Road, Goody Hill Road,
     Bays End Lane, both ends of Shire Drive, Ironshire Station/Mason Road and Harrison Road,
     and crosses over Goody Hill Branch and Poplartown Branch. The proposed dualization of the
     existing two-lane portion of US 113 meets the existing dualized US 113 at Hayes Landing
     Road.

     Summary of Alternative 3S-20' Median:

     •      Alternative 3S would typically be adjacent to the existing two-lane US 113; shifts would
           occur  so as to avoid/minimize displacements and sensitive environmental features
           (streams and wetlands). The existing pavement section would be utilized for either the
           northbound or southbound lanes. Two travel lanes would be provided per direction.

     •      Design Speed would be 60 mph.

     •      Median width would provide 8 feet of recovery area for vehicles that leave the roadway
           toward the center.

     •      The paved outside shoulders would be 10-feet wide and 20-feet of safety grading would
           be provided. In sensitive areas (such as a wetland or stream crossing), guardrail would
           be provided in place of the roadside grading to minimize impacts.

     •      Left turn lanes and median breaks would be provided at the following intersections:

           -  Castle Hill Road
          -  Snow Hill Road (MD 12)
          -  Brick Kiln Road/Washington Street
          -  Public Landing Road (MD 365)
          -  Market Street (MD394N)(T intersection)
          -  Timmons Road (T intersection)
          -  Cedartown Road (T intersection)
          -  Porters Crossing Road (T intersection)
          -  Central Site Lane (T intersection)
          -  Five Mile Branch Road (T intersection)
          -  Basket Switch Road (T intersection)
          -  Newark Road
                                        11-21

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US 113 Planning Study
           -  Langmaid Road
           -  Gunning Club Lane/Newark Road
           -  Croppers Island Road (T intersection)
           -  Downes Road (T intersection)
           -  Goody Hill Road (T intersection)
           -  Bays End Lane (T intersection)
           -  Shire Road (south) T intersection)
           -  Mason Road/Ironshire Station Road
           -  Shire Road (north) (T intersection)

           Driveways and minor service roads would be provided with a right-in/right-out only.

           Drivers from driveways that need to access the other side of the road would have to turn
           right and travel to the nearest intersection to make a U-turn (i.e. a driveway on the
           northbound side of the road that wants to travel southbound would turn right heading
           northbound, go to the next intersection, and use the left turn lane for a U-turn).

           The estimated cost for Alternative 3S-20' Median is:
                           Right of Way

                           Engineering &
                           Construction

                           TOTAL (1997$)
$ 1.6 M
$64.2 M
$65.8 M
     Summary of Alternative 3S - 34* Median:

     •     Except for the 34-foot wide median, all other features of Alternative 3S-34' Median
           would be identical to the previously described Alternative 3S-20' Median.

     •     The entire 34 foot median would be available as a recovery area for vehicles that leave
           the roadway toward the center. Recovery area suggested by FHWA roadside design
           guidelines is 30 feet.

     •     The estimated cost for Alternative 3S-34' Median is:

                           Right of Way              $1.7M
                           Engineering &
                           Construction

                           TOTAL (1997$)
$62.0 M

$63.7 M
                                          77-22

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US 113 Planning Study
     7.    Dualization Alternatives Along the Existing Alignment in the Northern Study Area
           (see Appendix A, Figures 15 through 17)

     The typical roadway section would consist of two 12-foot travel lanes in each direction, a
     median, 10-foot outside shoulders, and 20-feet of safety grading on both sides of the roadway
     where appropriate.  This alternative is being evaluated for both a 50 MPH and a 60 MPH
     design speed with two alternative median widths and safety grading treatments. The 50 MPH
     design speed alignment basically parallels the existing US 113 roadway and is located either
     immediately to the east or west of existing US 113. Variation in this condition would only
     occur at the three (3) locations where the existing horizontal curvature is too sharp.  The 60
     MPH design speed alignment, while also basically paralleling existing US 113, deviates from
     a parallel condition at many locations in order to provide more desirable horizontal geometry
     or avoid impacts to properties or environmental resources located on the inside edge of a curve
     when the new roadway lanes are located on the outside  edge of the curve.  The proposed
     typical sections for Alternative 3N are shown on Figure II-6 for 3N-20' Median and on Figure
     n-7 for 3N-34' Median.  Except where highlighted in the following paragraphs in bold
     italics,  the centerlines  of the 50 MPH and 60 MPH alignments for the dualization
     alternatives along the existing US 113 alignment are essentially the same.

     From south to north, the dualization for Alternative 3N with a 20-foot or 34-foot median
     begins as an extension of existing dualized US 113 near Deer Park Drive, approximately 0.8
     mile north of US Route 50. Through the first curve, the median transitions from a width of 110
     feet, matching the existing dualized  section, to the proposed median section. Continuing in
     a northeasterly direction, the alignments parallel the existing roadway to the east, utilizing
     approximately 0.4 mile of the existing roadway.

     The alignments continue in northeasterly direction intersecting with MD 452 (Friendship
     Road) and Carey Road/Jones Road. Approximately 300 linear feet of Friendship Road would
     be reconstructed to improve the intersection design by creating a perpendicular intersection at
     this location. No substantive change in the vertical alignments would be made to the cross
     streets of Carey Road/Jones Road. Approximately 1,000-feet north of Carey Road/Jones Road,
     the 60 MPH alignment transitions slightly west to flatten a horizontal curve. Approximately
     1,800-feet of new dual roadways would be constructed.  The SO MPH alignment stays along
     existing US 113, constructing only new southbound  lanes west of the existing US 113
     (which would become the northbound lanes). See Figure 15 in Appendix A.

     Continuing in a northerly direction, the alignments pass beneath MD 90, requiring a new
     bridge for MD 90 to accommodate the widened US 113 roadways. During final design, a
     detailed cost study wo^d be prepared to assess depressing US 113 approximately 2-feet to pass
     under MD 90 (likely to cause drainage problems) or reconstruct approximately 0.4 mile of MD
     90 (and raised as much as 2 feet) to permit US 113 to pass beneath MD 90. The existing loop
                                        77-23

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US 113 Planning Study
     and outer ramps in the northeast quadrant of the MD 90 interchange would be reconstructed
     and new loop and outer ramps would be constructed in the southeast quadrant, resulting in a
     half cloverleaf interchange configuration.

     Continuing in a northerly direction, the alignments follow existing US 113 for approximately
     0.6 mile where the 60 MPH alignment shifts to an entirely new dual highway east of US 113
     and crosses MD 589 (Racetrack Road) approximately 150 feet east of the existing
     intersection. Horizontal improvements to the MD 589 intersection include the addition of
     a separate turn lane from southbound US 113 to eastboundMD 589. No substantive change
     in  the MD 589 vertical alignment is planned. Approximately 0.4 mile of existing US 113
     would be retained and utilized as a service road fronting two private residences, Rancho
     Fiesta Estate subdivision and the historic Saint Martin's Episcopal Church.

     The 50 MPH alignment would continue along existing US 113, with new northbound lanes
     constructed along the east side of US 113. Existing US 113 would become the southbound
     lanes. The previously referenced private residences, Rancho Fiesta Estate subdivision and
     historic Saint Martin's Episcopal Church would lie along the southbound lanes of dualized
     US 113. See Figure 16 in Appendix A.

     The alignments continue in a northwesterly direction to the town of Showell, crossing Church
     Branch, where the 60 MPH alignment intersects Pitts Road approximately 100 feet west of
     the existing intersection, displacing Tony's Country Store (the historic Showell Store) and
     one residence. No substantive changes in the Pitts Road horizontal or vertical geometry are
     planned. Approximately 0.5 mile of existing US 113 would be retained and utilized as a
     service road for several  residences and businesses, including the Showell Post Office,
     Showell Volunteer Fire Department, and the Lemuel Showell House.  Continuing in a
     northerly direction, the alignment crosses Middle Branch, intersects with  Peerless/Shingle
     Landing roads in approximately the same location as existing, and parallels the existing
     roadway to the east.  No substantive changes in the horizontal or vertical geometry are
     planned for Peerless or Shingle Landing roads.

     The 50 MPH alignment through Showell would stay along existing US 113, also displacing
     Tony's Country Store (the historic Showell Store) and one residence plus, another business
     (Used Furniture & Collectibles) and a residence immediately north of the Middle Branch
     crossing plus another residence south of Peerless Road (but avoiding a residence along
     Shingle Landing Road which would be taken by the 60 MPH alignment). See Figure  16.

     The alignments continue on a tangent in a northerly direction and cross Birch Branch, where
     the 60 MPH alignment leaves existing US 113 to the west, approximately 0.4 mile north of
     Shingle Landing Road and returns to the existing alignment approximately 0.3 mile north
     ofjarvis Road. SHA is currently planning to reconfigure the existing intersection to improve
     sight  distances. The 60 MPH alignment plans are compatible with the proposed alignment.
     The  50 MPH alignment  stays generally  along existing US 113, constructing new
     southbound lanes along the west side of US 113.  See Figure 16.
                                        77-24

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US 113 Planning Study
     Continuing in a northwesterly direction, the alignment parallels existing US 113 to the east,
     intersecting Kepler  Lane, Old Stage Road and MD  367 (Bishopville Road), retaining
     approximately 1.0 mile of the existing roadway as the southbound roadway. No improvements
     are planned for Kepler Lane and no substantive changes improvements  are planned for Old
     Stage Road or MD 367.  The alignment displaces one of the two existing warehouses south of
     Old Stage Road. Relocation of the displaced Delmarva Veterinarian Hospital parking lot is
     planned north of the existing building. See Figure 17.

     The alignment continues in a northwesterly direction crossing the Maryland and Delaware
     Railroad at approximately the same location as the existing crossing. The alignment eliminates
     the existing triple reversing curves and returns to the existing alignment approximately 300 feet
     south of MD 610 (Whaleyville Road). The alignment continues in a northwesterly direction,
     paralleling the existing roadway to the west and crosses MD 610.  No substantive changes in
     the MD 610 horizontal or vertical geometry are planned.

     Continuing in a northwesterly direction the alignment ties into the existing dualized roadway
     and ends at the Delaware state line, crossing Morris and Hotel roads. The proposed 34-foot
     median transitions to meet the existing 90-foot median through the last horizontal curve. No
     substantive changes in the horizontal or vertical geometry are planned for Morris or Hotel
     roads.

    Summary of Alternative 3N-20* Median & 50 MPH:

         Alternative 3N would typically be adjacent to the existing two-lane US 113; shifts
         would occur so as  to avoid/minimize displacements and sensitive environmental
         features (streams and wetlands). The existing pavement section would be utilized for
         either the northbound or southbound lanes. Two travel lanes would be provided per
         direction.

    •    Design Speed would be 50 mph.

         Median width would provide 8 feet of recovery area for vehicles that leave the roadway
         toward the center.

         The paved outside shoulders would be 10 feet wide and 9-feet of safety grading would
         be provided. In sensitive areas (such as a wetland or stream crossing), guardrail would
         be provided in place of the roadside grading to minimize impacts.

   •     Left turn lanes and median breaks would be provided at the following intersections:

         -   Friendship Road (MD 452) (T intersection)
         -   Carey Road/Jones Road
         -   Eastbound MD 90 interchange ramps (T intersection)
         -   Westbound MD 90 interchange ramps (T intersection)
                                       77-25

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r
               US 113 Planning Study
                          -   East side service road north of MD 90 (T intersection)
                          -   Racetrack Road (T intersection)
                          -   Pitts Road (T intersection)
                          -   Peerless Road (T intersection)
                          -   Shingle Landing Road (T intersection)
                          -   relocated Jarvis Road (T intersection)
                          -   Bishopville Road (MD 367)
                          -   Whaleyville Road (MD 610)/Hammond Road

                          Driveways and minor service roads would be provided with a right-in/right-out only.

                          Drivers from driveways that need to access the other side of the road would have to turn
                          right and travel to the nearest intersection to make a U-turn (i.e. a driveway on the
                          northbound side of the road that wants to travel southbound would turn right heading
                          northbound, go to the next intersection, and use the left turn lane for a U-tum).

                          The estimated cost for Alternative 3N-20' Median  (50 MPH) is:

                                         Right of Way               $11.4M
                                          Engineering &
                                          Construction
                                                $51.9 M

                     TOTAL (1997 $)            $63.3 M

Summary of Alternative 3N - 34' Median & 50 MPH:

•     Except for the 34-foot wide median, all other features of Alternative 3N-341
      Median (50 MPH) would be identical to the previously described Alternative 3N-
      20'Median (50 MPH).

•     The entire 34 foot median would be available as a recovery area for vehicles that leave
      the roadway toward the center.  Recovery area suggested by FHWA roadside design
      guidelines is 30 feet.

•     The estimated cost for Alternative 3N-34' Median (50 MPH) is:

                      Right of Way               $12.8M
                                          Engineering &
                                          Construction

                                          TOTAL (1997$)
                                                $59.7 M

                                                $72.5 M
                                                        11-26

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US 113 Planning Study
     Summary of Alternative 3N-20' Median & 60 MPH:

     •     Alternative 3N would typically be adjacent to the existing two-lane US  113; shifts
           would occur so as to avoid/minimize displacements and sensitive environmental
           features (streams and wetlands). The existing pavement section would be utilized for
           either the northbound or southbound lanes.  Two travel lanes would be provided per
           direction.

     •     Design Speed would be 60 mph.

     •     Median width would provide 8 feet of recovery area for vehicles that leave the roadway
           toward the center.

     •     The paved outside shoulders would be 10 feet wide and 20-feet of safety grading would
           be provided. In sensitive areas (such as a wetland or stream crossing), guardrail would
           be provided in place of the roadside grading to minimize impacts.

     •     Left turn lanes and median breaks would be provided at the following intersections:

           -   Friendship Road (MD 452) (T intersection)
           -   Carey Road/Jones Road
              Eastbound MD 90 interchange ramps (T intersection)
           -   Westbound MD 90 interchange ramps (T intersection)
           -   East side service road north of MD 90 (T intersection)
           -   Racetrack Road
           -   Pitts Road
           -   Peerless Road/Shingle  Landing Road
           -   relocated Jarvis Road (T intersection)
           -   Bishopville Road (MD 367)
           -   Whaleyville Road (MD 610)/Hammond Road

     •     Driveways and minor service roads would be provided with a right-in/right-out only.

     •     Drivers from driveways that need to access the other side of the road would have to turn
           right and travel to the nearest intersection to make a U-turn (i.e. a driveway on the
           northbound side of the road that wants to travel southbound would turn right heading
           northbound, go to the next intersection, and use the left turn lane for a U-turn).
                                        77-27

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US 113 Planning Study
          The estimated cost for Alternative 3N-20' Median (60 MPH) is:

                          Right of Way              $12.8M
                          Engineering &
                          Construction

                          TOTAL (1997 $)
$51.6 M
$64.4 M
     Summary of Alternative 3N - 34'Median & 60 MPH:

     •     Except  for the 34-foot wide median, all other features of Alternative 3N-34'
          Median (60 MPH) would be identical to the previously described Alternative 3N-
          20' Median (60 MPH).

     •     The entire 34 foot median would be available as a recovery area for vehicles that leave
          the roadway toward the center. Recovery area suggested by FHWA roadside design
          guidelines is 30 feet.

          The estimated cost for Alternative 3N-341 Median (60 MPH) is:

                         Right of Way              $14.2M
                          Engineering &
                          Construction

                          TOTAL (1997 $)
$59.5 M
$73.7 M
                                        11-28

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US 113 Planning Study
     8.    Dualization Alternatives In New Alignment in the Northern Study Area
           (see Appendix A, Figures 15 through 17)

     The typical roadway section would consist of two 12-foot travel lanes in each direction, a
     median, 10-foot outside shoulders, and 20-feet of safety grading on both sides of the roadway
     where appropriate. This alternative is being designed for a 60 MPH design speed with two
     alternative median widths and treatments. The proposed typical sections for Alternative 4N
     Modified are shown on Figure n-8 for 4N-201 Median and for 4N-34' Median.

     The dualization on new location would involve the construction of a new four-lane divided
     roadway away from the existing facility. The roadway would be constructed on new location
     to minimize impacts to residential and commercial properties.

    JThe preliminary new location alternatives (Alternatives 4N Option A, and 4N Option B) were
     combined and revised to create the Alternative 4N Modified which was retained for detailed
     study.  Although Alternative 4N  Modified generally follows the same alignment as the
     previous new location alternatives, the modifications have resulted in fewer impacts to the
     natural and socioeconomic environments.

     The Alternative 4N Modified alignment begins as an extension of existing dualized US 113,
     approximately 0.8 mile north of US 50, near Deer Park Drive. The alignment would leave
     existing US 113 on a tangent and head in a northerly direction on the  west side of the existing
     roadway in the Friendship area.  The existing 110-foot median transitions to  the proposed
     median through the  first curve.   Existing US 113 north of the new alignment would be
     relocated to a new T  intersection in order to provide access along old US 113 to the north.

     Continuing in a northeasterly direction, the alignments cross Carey Road approximately 0.5
     mile west of existing US 113. No substantive changes in the horizontal or vertical geometry
     are planned for the Carey Road intersection.  The alignments then continue in a northerly
     direction through the  graded area, reserved for the previously planned US 113/MD 90
     interchange, and passes beneath MD 90, approximately 0.4 mile west of the existing US 113/
     MD 90 interchange. A full diamond interchange configuration is planned, with consideration
     for the addition of loop ramps in the future.  No additional  improvements would be required
     for MD 90, and the existing bridge previously constructed would be used.

     Continuing in a northerly direction, the alignments intersect existing US 113, approximately
     0.8 mile north of MD 90.  Existing US 113 north of MD 90 would be relocated to intersect
     with the new location alignment at a T-intersection (existing US 113 north of this point would
     have access at Racetrack Road (MD 589)).  These alignments then parallel the existing
     roadway approximately 150 feet to the east intersecting MD 589 (Racetrack Road). Horizontal
     improvements to the MD 589 intersection include the addition of a second left turn lane from
     southbound US 113 to eastbound MD 589.  No substantive change in the MD 589 profile is
     planned.
                                        11-29

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US 113 Planning Study
     Approximately 2.3 miles of existing US 113 would be retained as a local road through Jones
     and Friendship, serving several residences and businesses located along the existing roadway.
     The existing roadway would tie into the relocated alignment approximately 0.3 mile north of
     Deer Park Drive and approximately 0.3 mile south of MD 589. The existing US 113/MD 90
     interchange ramps would be removed.

     From MD 589, the alignments continue north bypassing the Town of Showell to the east.
     Alternative 4N Modified would rejoin and parallel the existing roadway to the east for
     approximately 0.2 mile to north of Shingle Landing Road. Horizontal improvements include
     the realignment of Shingle Landing Road and the extension of Peerless Road to create a four-
     legged intersection replacing the two existing T-intersections.  No substantive changes in the
     profiles of Shingle Landing or Peerless Roads are planned.

     Approximately  1.4 miles of existing US 113 would be retained as a local road through the
     Town of Showell, serving several residences, businesses located along the existing roadway.
     Existing US 113 would tie into the relocated alignments at MD 589 and at Peerless Road.

     The alignments continue on a tangent in a northerly direction leaving the existing roadway to
     the west, approximately 0.4 mile north of Shingle Landing Road and returning to the existing
     alignment approximately  0.3 mile north of Jarvis  Road. SHA's plans  to reconfigure the
     existing intersection are compatible with this relocation.

     Alternative 4N Modified follows the Alternative 3N alignment, continuing in a northwesterly
     direction, where the alignment parallels existing US 113 to the east crossing Kepler Lane and
     Old Stage Road, retaining approximately 0.8 mile of the existing roadway as southbound US
     113. No improvements would be planned for Kepler Lane and only minor adjustments in the
     horizontal and vertical  geometry would be planned for Old Stage Road.  The alignments
     displace one  of the two existing warehouses  south of Old Stage Road.  Relocation of the
     existing Delmarva Veterinarian Hospital parking lot is planned north of the existing building.

     The Alternative 4N Modified alignments leave the existing roadway at MD 367 (Bishopville
     Road) 0.1 mile west of the existing intersection. No substantive change in the horizontal or
     vertical geometry is planned for MD 367 or MD 610. Approximately 1.0 mile of existing US
     113 would be retained as a local road through  Bishop,  serving several residences and
     businesses  located along  the  existing roadway.  Existing  US  113 would be terminated
     approximately 0.2 mile north of MD 367 and approximately 0.3 mile north of MD 610,
     utilizing MD  610 as a tie to the relocated alignment. The new location alignments continue
     in a northerly direction and rejoin the existing alignment approximately 0.2 mile south of Hotel
     Road, paralleling the existing roadway to the west.  The alignments  tie into the existing
     dualized roadway and end at the Delaware state line, near the intersections with Morris and
     Hotel roads.  The proposed median transitions to meet the existing 90-foot wide median in
     Delaware through the last horizontal curve.  No substantive changes in the horizontal or
     vertical geometry are planned for at-grade intersections with Morris or Hotel roads.
                                         11-30

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                  ALTERNATIVE 4N MODIFIED -20'MEDIAN
                    DUALIZATION ON NEW ALIGNMENT
                                (60MPH)
                 ALTERNATIVE 4N MODIFIED -34'MEDIAN
                   DUALIZATION ON NEW ALIGNMENT
                               (60MPH)
The dimensions shown are for the purpose of
determining cost estimates and environmental
Impacts and are subject to change during the
final design phase.
                                              US 113 PLANNING STUDY
       Typical Sections
Alternative 4N - 20' Median
Alternative 4N - 34' Median
                                           Ateytexf
                                                       April 1997
                         Figure
                          11-8

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US 113 Planning Study
     Summary of Alternative 4N-201 Median (60 MPH):

     •     Alternative 4N would typically be in new location away from the existing two-lane US
           113. Two travel lanes would be provided per direction.

     •     Design Speed would be 60 mph.

     •     Median width would provide 8 feet of recovery area for vehicles that leave the roadway
           toward the center.

     •     The paved outside shoulders would be 10 feet wide and 20-feet of safety grading would
           be provided.  In sensitive areas (such as a wetland or stream crossing), guardrail would
           be provided in place of the roadside grading to minimize impacts.

     •     Left turn lanes and median breaks would be provided at the following intersections:

           -  Old US 113 near Deer Park Drive (T intersection)
           -  Carey Road
           -  Eastbound MD 90 interchange ramps
           -  Westbound MD 90 interchange ramps
           -  Racetrack Road
           -  Shingle Landing Road/Peerless Road
           -  relocated Jarvis Road (T intersection)
           -  Bishopville Road (MD 367)
           -  Whaleyville Road (MD 610)

     •     Access to the new location portions of this alternative would only be provided at public
           roads (i.e. no private driveways).

     •     Minor service roads (and driveways along portions of US 113 used for this alignment)
           would be provided with a right-in/right-out only. Drivers from driveways that need to
           access the other side of the road would have to turn right and travel to  the nearest
           intersection to make a U-turn (i.e. a driveway on the northbound side of the road that
           wants to travel southbound would turn right heading northbound,  go to the next
           intersection, and use the left turn lane for a U-turn).

     •     The estimated cost for Alternative 4N-201 Median (60 MPH) is:
                           Right of Way

                           Engineering &
                           Construction

                           TOTAL (1997$)
$9.4M
$59.5 M
$68.9 M
                                         77-37

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US 113 Planning Study
     Summary of Alternative 4N - 34' Median (60 MPH):

     •     Except for the 34-foot wide median, all other features of Alternative 4N-34'
          Median (60 MPH) would be identical to the previously described Alternative 4N-
          20' Median (60 MPH).

     •     The entire 34 foot median would be available as a recovery area for vehicles that leave
          the roadway toward the center.  Recovery area suggested by FHWA roadside design
          guidelines is 30 feet.

          The estimated cost for Alternative 4N-34' Median (60 MPH) is:

                         Right of Way               $10.4 M
                          Engineering &
                          Construction

                          TOTAL (1997$)
                                          $60.1M
                                          $70.5 M
    9.
Dualization Alternatives Along a Combination of Existing and New Alignments in
the Northern Study Area (see Appendix A, Figures 15 through 17)
    A Combination Alternative which uses portions of Alternative 3N and Alternative 4N
    Modified is also being considered. The typical sections and alignments for the Combination
    Alternative would be the same as those used for Alternatives 3N and 4N Modified.  This
    alternative is being designed for a 60 MPH design speed with two alternative median widths
    and treatments. The Combination Alternative follows the Alternative 4N Modified alignment
    from US 50 through the previously graded MD 90 interchange area across existing US 113 at
    MD 589 and bypasses the Town of Showell to the east. Like Alternative 4N Modified, the
    Combination Alternative ties back into existing US 113 just north of Showell, but then follows
    Alternative 3N along the existing alignment of US 113 to the northern project terminus at the
    Delaware state line.

    The alignment of the Combination Alternative (following  the  Alternative 4N Modified
    alignment) begins as an extension of existing dualized US 113, approximately 0.8 mile north
    of US 50, near Deer Park Drive. The alignment would leave existing US 113 on a tangent and
    head in a northerly direction on the west side of the existing roadway in the Friendship area.
    The existing 110-foot median transitions to  the proposed median through the first curve.
    Existing US 113 north of the new alignment would be relocated at a new T intersection, in
    order to provide access along old US 113 to the north.
                                      77-32

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          US 113 Planning Study
               Continuing in a northeasterly direction, the alignments cross Carey Road approximately 0.5
               mile west of existing US 113. No substantive changes in the horizontal or vertical geometry
               are planned for the Carey Road intersection. The alignments then continue in a northerly
               direction through  the graded area,  reserved for the previously planned US 113/MD  90
               interchange, and passes beneath MD 90, approximately 0.4 mile west of the existing US
               113/MD 90  interchange. A full diamond interchange  configuration is  planned,  with
               consideration for the addition of loop ramps in the future. No additional improvements would
               be required for MD 90, and the existing bridge previously constructed would be used.

               Continuing in a northerly direction, the alignment intersects existing US 113, approximately
               0.8 mile north of MD 90. Existing US 113 north of MD 90 would be relocated to intersect
               with the new location alignment at a T-intersection (existing US 113 north of this point would
               have access at Racetrack Road (MD  589)).  These alignments then parallel the existing
               roadway approximately 150 feet to the east intersecting MD 589 (Racetrack Road).  Horizontal
               improvements to the MD 589 intersection include the addition of a second left turn lane from
               southbound US 113 to eastbound MD 589.  No substantive change in the MD 589 profile is
               planned.

               Approximately 2.3 miles of existing US 113 would be retained as a local road through  the
               communities of Jones and Friendship, serving several residences and businesses located along
               the existing  roadway.   The existing roadway would tie into the relocated alignment
               approximately 0.3 mile north of Deer Park Drive and approximately 0.3 mile south of MD 589.
               The existing US 113/MD 90 interchange ramps would be removed.

               From MD 589, the alignments continue north bypassing the Town of Showell to the east. The
               Combination Alternative (still following the Alternative 4N Modified alignment) would rejoin
               and parallel the existing roadway to  the east for approximately 0.2 mile to north of Shingle
               Landing Road.  Horizontal improvements include the realignment of Shingle Landing Road
               and the extension of Peerless Road to create a four-legged intersection replacing the two
               existing T-intersections.  No substantive changes in the profiles of Shingle Landing or Peerless
               Roads are planned.

               Approximately 1.4 miles of existing US 113 would be retained as a local road through  the
               Town of Showell, serving  several  residences and businesses located along the existing
               roadway. Existing US 113 would tie  into the relocated alignments at MD 589 and at Peerless
               Road.

               The alignments continue on a tangent in a northerly direction leaving the existing roadway to
               the west, approximately 0.4 mile north of Shingle Landing Road and returning to the existing
               alignment approximately 0.3 mile north of Jarvis  Road.  SHA's plans to reconfigure  the
               existing intersection are compatible with this relocation.
/Of
                                                    11-33

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US 113 Planning Study
     The Combination Alternative would then follow the Alternative 3N alignment, continuing in
     a northwesterly direction, where the alignment parallels existing US 113 to the east crossing
     Kepler Lane and Old Stage Road, retaining approximately 0.8 mile of the existing roadway as
     southbound US  113.  No improvements would be planned for Kepler Lane and only minor
     adjustments in the horizontal and vertical geometry would be planned for Old Stage Road. The
     alignments displace one of the two existing warehouses south of Old Stage Road. Relocation
     of the existing Delmarva Veterinarian Hospital parking lot is planned north of the existing
     building.

     The alignment continues in a northwesterly direction, crossing the Maryland and Delaware
     Railroad at approximately the same  location as the  existing US  113 crossing.  These
     alignments eliminate the existing triple reversing curves and returns to the existing US 113
     alignment approximately 300 feet south of MD 610 (Whaleyville Road). The alignments then
     continue in a northwesterly direction, paralleling the existing roadway to the west and crosses
     MD 610. No substantive changes in the MD 610 horizontal or vertical geometry are planned.

     Continuing in a northwesterly direction the alignments tie into the existing dualized roadway
     and end at the Delaware state line, crossing Morris and Hotel roads.  The proposed median
     transitions to meet the existing 90-foot wide median in Delaware through the last horizontal
     curve. No substantive changes in the horizontal or vertical geometry are planned for Morris
     or Hotel roads.

     Summary of Combination Alternatives 3N/4N Modified - 20' Median (60 MPH):

     •     This alternative represents a combination of previously discussed Alternatives 3N-20'
          Median and 4N Modified -20' Median.  Two travel lanes would be provided per
          direction.

     •     Design Speed would be 60 mph.

     •     Median width would provide 8 feet of recovery area for vehicles that leave the roadway
          toward the center.

     •     The paved outside shoulders would be 10 feet wide and 20-feet of safety grading would
          be provided. In sensitive areas (such as a wetland or stream crossing), guardrail would
          be provided in place of the roadside grading to minimize impacts.

     •     Left turn lanes and median breaks would be provided at  the following intersections:

          -   Old US 113 near Deer Park Drive (T intersection)
          -   Carey Road
          -   Eastbound MD 90 interchange ramps
          -   Westbound MD 90 interchange ramps
          -   Racetrack Road
          -   Shingle Landing Road/Peerless Road
                                        11-34

-------
US 113 Planning Study
           -   relocated Jarvis Road (T intersection)
           -   Bishopville Road (MD 367)
           -   Whaleyville Road (MD 610)

           Access to the new location portions of this alternative would only be provided at public
           roads (i.e. no private driveways).

           Minor service roads (and driveways along portions of US 113 used for this alignment)
           would be provided with a right-in/right-out only. Drivers from these driveways that
           need to access the other side of the road would have to turn right and travel to the
           nearest intersection to make a U-turn (i.e. a driveway on the northbound side of the road
           that wants to travel southbound would turn right heading northbound, go to the next
           intersection, and use the left turn lane for a U-turn).

           The estimated cost for Combination Alternative 3N/4N Modified-20' Median (60 MPH)
           is:
                          Right of Way

                          Engineering &
                          Construction
$8.8M
$56.6 M
                          TOTAL (1997 $)           $65.4 M

     Summary of Combination Alternative 3N/4N Modified - 34' Median (60 MPH):

     •     Except for the 34-foot wide median, all other features of Combination Alternative
           3N/4N Modified-34' Median (60 MPH)  would be  identical  to the previously
           described Combination Alternative 3N/4N Modified-20' Median (60 MPH).

     •     The entire 34 foot median would be available as a recovery area for vehicles that leave
           the roadway toward the center. Recovery area suggested by FHWA roadside design
           guidelines is 30 feet.

     •     The estimated cost for Combination Alternative 3N/4N Modified-34' Median (60 MPH)
           is:
                          Right of Way

                          Engineering &
                          Construction

                          TOTAL (1997$)
$9.8M
$57.0 M
$66.8 M
                                        77-35

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                                                     III.
                   AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT
US 113 Planning Study
Snow Hill, Maryland to Delaware State Line
      Office of Planning and Preliminary Engineering
      Maryland State Highway Administration

-------
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US 113 Planning Study
III.    AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

The general setting within which the alternatives for improvements to US 113 were developed are
described in this chapter of the DEIS. This information provides an inventory of the resources that
may be affected by the various alternatives being considered.  The alternatives under consideration,
as presented in Chapter n,  are anticipated to have a variety of direct and indirect impacts on the
natural, manmade (built) and socioeconomic environments within the study area.  The primary focus
of this chapter is to provide a baseline condition against which to assess the location and magnitude
of anticipated impacts. The environmental consequences of the various alternatives being considered
are presented in Chapters IV and V (Section 4(f) resources).

A.     Social, Economic and Land Use
       1.
Social Environment
       a.     Population Characteristics

       County

       Statistical data regarding population demographics was gathered primarily from 1990 US
       Census data for the project area and Worcester County. An interview with Worcester County
       Planning Permits, and Inspections (WCPPI) office staff (Hagar, 1996) was conducted to
       ascertain additional information regarding the study area.  The observations provided by
       WCPPI were then compared with 1990 US Census data and county planning documents and
       field verified along the US 113 corridor, as appropriate. The only incorporated areas  in
       Worcester County are the towns of Berlin, Snow Hill, Ocean City and Pocomoke City, the
       latter two are located beyond the project limits.

       At the time of the 1990 US census, Worcester County had a population of 35,028.  The
       estimated 1995 population for the County is 41,200 (US Census Bureau, 1996). Worcester
       County's population is projected to be approximately 46,000 by the year 2000; 58,000 by the
       year 2010; and 67,000 by the year 2020 (Hagar, 1997). The population growth will be
       primarily from the in-migration of people to the County. Population growth is expected to
       be driven by a continued increase in retirees, moving in from the Baltimore/Washington DC
       area, and residents who commute to jobs outside of the County. The recent population
       growth has not been evenly distributed throughout the County. The historical and projected
       population growth rates for the County are identified on Table ffl-l.

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US 113 Planning Study
       Worcester County has a large number of seasonal residents. This is primarily due to the
       County's tourism industry, which generates seasonal employment opportunities and attracts
       vacationers to the County's Atlantic Ocean beaches and other area attractions. Identified on
       Table ffl-2 are the average daily seasonal population estimates in Ocean City for the months;
       of January and August for the years 1980 and 1993 (the latest available figures).

                  Table ffl-li  Worcester County Population Growth




1950-60
2.5%
1960-70
2.9%
1970-80
26.4 %
1980-90
13.4%
1990-00
23.6 %*
2000-10
11.3%*
2010-20
6.6 %*
* Projected
Sources: Maryland State Data Center
         1990 US Census
         Maryland Office of Planning

       The daily summer population in Ocean City in the year 2000 is projected to be 345,400
       (Ocean City Department of Planning and Community Development, 1994).

                    Table III-2:   Average Daily Seasonal Population

January

1980
11,500
199,700
1993
80,000
313,000
Percentage Chance
+ 695 %
+ 156 %
Source: Ocean City Dept. Of Planning and Community Development

       Census Tract and Election Districts

       The boundaries for Worcester County census tracts are presented on Figure ffl-1. Typically,
       a census tract covers a geographic area which is similar in size to a municipality. Worcester
       County, however, consists primarily of non-incorporated land. Table DI-3 shows the census
       tract information for the tracts located within the study area.

                   Table III-3:   Census Tract Population Information



3,709

3,409

1,759

2,609
9917
1,781
9919
2,780
991ft
2,777
 Source: 1990 US Census

       Local demographic information and population projections were gathered from planning
       documents published by Worcester County.
                                          7/7-2

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  t
   N
MOTTO SCALE
                                     LIMIT OF STLDY
                                            i
                                                            DELAWARE
rXmX^ ***-ป^^ •ป *•ซ-••* A^/V^L	
                                                 Study Area Boundary
                                                 Main Study Route
                                           9913 West of Berlin, Biahop & Isle of Wight
                                        CD 9914 Berlin
                                           9915 East of Berlin
                                           9916 Ocean Pines-NaHi of MD Route 90
                                           9917 Ocean Pines-South of MD Route 90
                                           9919 North, East & West of Snow HHl
                                           9920 SnowHffl
                                                US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                                    Census  Tract
                                                   Boundary  Map
                                             Maryfcntf
                                                          April 1997
                         Figure
                          IIH

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      Local population growth information is available based on election districts and is presented
      in Table IE-4 A map showing the election districts at a scale comparable to the scale of this
      document was unavailable. The election district map is currently being reviewed by the
      Worcester County Commission.

                  Table ffl-4:   Local Population Growth, 1985 -1995
•*-LJL-i-~'" ' 	
1985-1995

•••
Population
Increase
Growth
Rate
•• .-•'--,> H
• - .-':V1
Ocean City
—
2,925
27.7 %
1 ' ' "M"
-u^,V -J
^^'ฅฃ- - **
Berlin
'
1,985
22.6 %
=..
Election Districl
i^K ฃ r*l *^~
St. Martins
=======
486
27.7 %
============
t'
*•'-.. j *•- '
Newark
=================
265
27.7 %
;:.. " J .
, %
Snow Hill
—
296
6.0%
================
Source: Worcester County Planning Permits and Inspections Office

       Election districts within the study area experienced an increase in population between 1985
       and 1995 The greatest numerical increase in population occurred in the northeastern part of
       the County, namely Ocean City, Berlin and St. Martins. This is largely due to an influx of
       retirees into the communities in and around Ocean City and the development of suburban-
       style "bedroom communities" for residents who commute to jobs outside the County (i.e.,
       southern Delaware and Salisbury, Wicomico County). The County is attractive due to
       inexpensive housing costs and a low cost of living.

       Age Distribution

       According to the WCPPI office, Worcester County has a higher number of older residents
       relative to most counties on the lower Eastern Shore, and a lower number of young adult
       residents. The high number of older residents is due to the large number of retirees who live
       full time in the communities in and around Ocean City. Many of these retirees are former
       government  employees  over  age  55 who  previously  worked and lived .  m  the
       Baltimore/Washington DC area.  According to the 1990 US Census, 29.8 percent (6,383) of
       Worcester County residents are age 55 and older. Approximately 1 8.2 percent of the County
       residents are 65 years old or older.  The low number of young adult residents is due to the
       lack of non-seasonal entry level employment opportunities within the County. Young adults
       who wish to pursue skilled positions or employment which requires a college education
       typically must move out of the County or work in neighboring counties and commute.

       The age distribution in the study area census tracts is located in Table ffl-5.  According to the
        1990 US Census, Census  Tract 9916 had the highest percentage of people age 65 and over
        (21.7).  Census Tract 9919 had the lowest percentage (14.2).
                                          7/7-3

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US 113 Planning Study
               Table III-5: Age Distribution In Study Area Census Tracts
v Age y.
<5
5-13
14-21
22-44
45-54
55-64
65 +• over
TOTAL
Tract
99i3
213
398
320
1,340
438
407
593
3,709
6%
11%
9%
36%
12%
11%
16%
100%
„ Tract-.
* <* ซv **.
, 9914
279 -
466
276
1.086
310
299
693
3,409
8%
14%
8%
32%
95
9%
20%
100%
Tract,,
1 9915
118
219
182
617
196
173
254
1,759
7%
12%
10%
35%
11%
10%
14%
100%
JFซซ*^
9916
168
206
173
816
241
437
568
2,609
6%
8%
7%
31%
9%
17%
22%
100%
Tract
V* - v
^9917
141
214
130
622
160
237
277
1,781
8%
12%
7%
35%
9%
13%
16% '
100%
Tract
9919
173
381
252
952
379
248
396
2,781
6%
14%
9%
34%
14%
9%
14%
100%
Tract
9926;
200
322
305
923
282
267
478
2,777
7%
12%
11%
33%
10%
10%
17%
100%
Source: 1990 US Census
       Income

       According to the WCPPI, low, middle and high income households are intermingled
       throughout the County, and there is no singular concentration of low or high income
       households. The 1990 median household income for the State of Maryland was $39,386,
       while it was $27,586 for Worcester County (Table ni-6). The study area census tracts with
       the highest median household incomes are North Ocean Pines (tract 9916) and South Ocean
       Pines (tract 9917), with median household incomes of $40,740 and $36,884, respectively.
       The study area census tract with the lowest median household income is Berlin (tract 9914)
       with a median income of $21,835.

       Table ffl-6 shows the percentage of persons under the US Department of Health and Human
       Services poverty level standard ($6,310 for one person) as of the 1990 census. Worcester
       County's rate of persons below poverty (11.0%) was higher than the state's rate (8.3%). Half
       of the census tracts  (tracts 9914,9915,9919 and 9920) in the study area had a rate higher
       than the state.  Only  two tracts (tracts 9914 and 9915) in the study area had a higher rate that
       the Worcester County rate.              =
                                         1II-4

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US 113 Planning Study
          Table m-6:   State, County, and Census Tract Economic Information
Category
';' - ป Wj-Hj'J-'v. '
Median
Household
Income
($1,000)
% Persons
Under
Poverty
MD
.:„';':;•"
39.4
8.3
Worcester

27.6
11.0
Tract
9913
31.5
7.3
Trac!
9914
21.8
17.6
Tract
9915
26.8
15.1
Tract
9916
40.7
2.6
Tract
9917
36.9
4.6
Tract
9919
31.4
10.2
Tract
9920
25.2
10.3
         w       **
       Department of Health and Human Services annual poverty income standard for one person was $7,890.
Source: 1990 US Census
       Racial Characteristics

       The WCPPI office has indicated that the only sizable racial groups within the County are
       African-Americans and Caucasians. The African-American population (1,602 as of the 1990
       census) is distributed throughout the County, and does not constitute a majority in any census
       tract (see Table HI-7). According to the 1990 census, the racial breakdown for Worcester
       County was 21.2 percent African-American and 78.4 percent Caucasian, with other ethnic
       groups averaging less than 1 percent. The census tracts with the highest percentage of
       African-Americans were in the vicinity of Snow Hill (tract 9920) with 40.7 percent, and
       Berlin (tract 9914) with 43.4 percent. The census tracts with the lowest amount of African-
       American populations were located in Ocean Pines (tracts 9916 and 9917) with 1.1 percent
       and 1.6 percent, respectively. This grouping suggests that the African-American population
       is more prevalent in the established communities, primarily in the southern portion of the
       study area.

       The only predominant minority community observed in the study area is located just south
       of Bishop adjacent to US 113 near  Old Stage Road. The community consists of twelve
       houses inhabited by African-American residents.
                                           7/7-5

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US 113 Planning Study
                     Table III-7:   Racial Population Characteristics
Category
Caucasian
African-
American
Other
Minorities
(American
Indian,
Eskimo,
Aleut, and
Asian or
Pacific
Islander)
MD
/Worcester
County -
Tract
9913
tract
9914
Tract
99i5
vTract
9916
Tract
9917
Tract
9919
Tract
9920
• . -'"-.• <;..?'--v -:-.'-•-••' •-•'• :.• • ,'-:', Percentage k * ••' •
71.0
24.9
4.1
78.4
21.2
0.4
83.9
15.6
0.5
54.2
43.4
2.3
71.2
28.4
0.4
98.4
1.1
0.5
98.4
1.6
0.0
75.2
24.1
0.8
58.6
40.7
0.7
Source: 1990 US Census


       b.     Environmental Justice

       Executive Order 12898, Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority
       Populations and Low Income Populations issued on February 11, 1994, requires federal
       agencies "to identify and address as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse human
       health  or environmental effects of its  programs,  policies,  and activities on minority
       populations and low-income populations..." Minority is defined as "individual(s) who are
       members of the following population groups: American Indian or Alaskan Native, Asian or
       Pacific Islander, Black, not of Hispanic origin, or Hispanic". Also, low income populations
       should be identified as the median income below the Department of Health and Human
       Services  poverty  guidelines.  These populations are  to  be  provided access to  public
       information and an opportunity to participate in matters relating to the environment.

       The purpose of Environmental Justice (EJ) is to identify and  address "disproportionately
       high and adverse impacts" on minority populations and low income populations resulting
       from alternatives under consideration and to provide the opportunity for these populations
       to be involved in the public participation process.

       To identify minority and low income populations, a census tract analysis was first conducted.
       Census tract 9914 has the highest percentage of minorities (43.4) and the highest percentage
       of individuals (17.6) under the poverty level.  Census tract 9920 has the second highest
       percentage of minorities (40.7) and  10.3 percent of the population under the poverty level.
       Census tract 9915 has the third highest percentage of minorities (28.4) and the second highest
       percentage of persons below the poverty level (15.1). Based on this analysis, it can be
                                          7/7-6

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US 113 Planning Study
       generally concluded that the highest concentrations of the minority population and lower
       income groups are located in the older, established communities such as Berlin and Snow
       Hill, with the newer, more affluent communities such as Ocean Pines having fewer minority
       and lower income populations.

       In a public outreach effort to supplement the census tract information, the SHA sent
       correspondence to area churches requesting their assistance in informing their members of
       the project and helping identify minority and low income concentrations in the project area.
       SHA also offered to meet with the churches to discuss the project.

       c.    Neighborhoods

       The study area for the US 113 corridor is rural in nature with much of the land being used
       for agriculture. Within the project corridor are several communities and two urban centers.
       Ironshire, Basket Switch, and Wesley in the southern study area and Jones, Friendship,
       Showell and Bishop in the northern study area are small, predominantly residential crossroad
       communities located along US 113. One and two story single family detached houses are the
       dominant housing types in these communities.  In Showell, there is a Perdue Chicken poultry
       processing facility and a hatchery.  In Bishop, there are some neighborhood businesses,
       including a couple of restaurants, a veterinarian hospital and a boat repair business.  Other
       industries in Bishop include a poultry processing and feed mill operation and an asphalt
       plant.

       Newark in the southern study area is the only community with village zoning. As a village,
       Newark displays the architectural and development history characteristics of the County.
       New development is to be carefully considered for its impact on the existing community
       character.

       Ocean Pines, located east of study area, is a high density residential development.  This
       private community is located along the central coastal bay area of the county. Some retail
       businesses and fueling stations are located near  this community at the MD 589/MD 90
       interchange.

       Berlin and Snow Hill are the two urban centers in the US 113 corridor where most of the
       community facilities and services, retail businesses and central business districts in the US
       113 study area are located. Residential densities range from low density single family units
       to multi-family housing in these two towns. In addition, Snow Hill is the seat of government
       for Worcester County.   Many of the public agencies of the Federal,  state and county
       governments are located here.
                                           7/7-7

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US 113 Planning Study
      The Town of Ocean City, located east of the project area, is a popular tourist attraction with
      ten miles of  public beaches along  with amusements,  lodging, restaurants  and other
      entertainment and recreational opportunities. The population of this ocean resort can swell
      to approximately 300,000 during the summer months. Ocean Pines, Cape Isle of Wight, St.
      Martin's Neck and West Ocean City are experiencing increases in residential and commercial
      development as land available for development in Ocean City becomes scarcer and more
      costly to develop.

      There appears to be little pedestrian and bicycle activity in the study area outside of Berlin
      and Snow Hill. The View Trail 100 is a scenic bike route, which uses a network of rural
      County roads, and crosses US 113 just south of Newark.

      d.      Community Facilities and Services

      A field visit to the study area and a review of Worcester County mapping were conducted
      to identify community facilities and services in the study area.  Community facilities and
      services located in the study area are shown on Figures HI-2A through 2D and discussed in
      greater detail in this section. Some of these facilities are located outside of the project limits
      but still serve the citizens of the area.

      Places of Worship

      There are numerous existing and planned places of worship within the study area. Temple
      Bat Yam (currently under construction), the Calvary Chapel and the future site of Trinity
      Charismatic Episcopal  Church are located near the US 113/MD 90 interchange. The
      congregation of Trinity Charismatic Episcopal Church currently meets on Sundays at the
      Showell Elementary School. Friendship United Methodist Church is in the crossroad
      community  of Jones,  la  the crossroad community of Showell is the Showell  United
      Methodist Church. The St. Matthews  Baptist Church and the Calvary Pentecostal Church.
      are located just north of Bishop. St. Martin's Church, located at the intersection of US 113
      and MD 589 does not appear to have an active congregation, but is undergoing historic
      preservation. St. John Neumann Catholic Church is located to the east of the project area
      along MD 589, near Ocean Pines. In Newark there are two United Methodist Churches. The
      Snow Hill Mennonite Church is located along US  113 just north of Snow Hill. Located in
      Snow Hill are the Mt. Zion Baptist Church, Bates Methodist Church, Makemie Memorial
      United  Presbyterian Church, Snow Hill Church of God, Whatcoat Methodist Church and
      Snow Hill Christian Church.
                                         III-8

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US 113 Planning Study
       e.      Emergency Services

       Law Enforcement

       Barrack V of the Maryland State Police, located on US 50 just west of Berlin, and the
       Worcester County Sheriffs Department, with stations in Isle of Wight and Snow Hill, are
       the law enforcement agencies responsible for patrolling the unincorporated areas of the
       County. Ocean Pines and Snow Hill each have their own police force to patrol within their
       respective municipality. The Worcester County Detention Center is located on Joyner Road
       just west of US 113 near Snow Hill.

       Fire and Rescue

       All of the fire companies within the County are volunteer. The fire companies in the study
       area are located in Bishopville, Showell, Newark, Ocean Pines, and Snow Hill. The Showell
       Fire  Station is the only station located along US 113.  Paid emergency medical service
       personnel are located at the Bishopville and Snow Hill stations. The Worcester County Fire
       Training Center trains fire department personnel and is located on Central Site  Lane north
       of Snow Hill adjacent to the County's Career and Technology Center (Taylor, 1997).
       f.
Health Care Facilities
       Atlantic General Hospital, the County's only hospital, is a 56-bed facility located in Berlin
       at the US 113/US 50 interchange (Worcester County Dept. of Economic Development,
       1994).

       The Worcester County government operates health clinics at various locations primarily for
       those without health insurance.  The Snow Hill clinic is adjacent to the County Detention
       Center near US 113.  A new county clinic is being constructed adjacent to Atlantic General
       Hospital (Pruitt, 1997). The County Commission on Aging operates the Brickhaven Adult
       Daycare Center in Snow Hill. The elderly are transported by the Commission on Aging from
       their residence to and from the facility to receive medical treatment and social services. As
       of January 1997, the facility has 50 clients (Voss, 1997). Adjacent to the facility is the
       Pleasant Manor Elderly Housing complex.  This is a private 31-apartment residential
       community for the elderly.

       The Snow Hill Nursing and Rehabilitation Center in Snow Hill is the only nursing center in
       the study area. The facility has  a  capacity for 62 residents  (Snow Hill Nursing and
       Rehabilitation Center, 1997).
                                          IIJ-9

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Legend

1 Places of Worship
  20  Snow Hill Mennonite Church
  21  Snow Hill Christian Church
  22  Bates Methodist Church
  23  Whatcoat Methodist Church
  24  Snow Hill Church of God
  25  Mt Zion Baptist Church
  26  Makemie Memorial United
      Presbyterian Church

BB Emergency Services
  9   Worcester County Jail
  10  Worcester County Sheriffs Dept
  11  Snow Hill Fire and Police Depts.

i Schools
  8   Snow Hill High School
  9   Snow Hill Elementary School
  10  Snow Hill Middle School
  11  Cedar Chapel Special School

H Parks and Recreation
  14  SturgisPark
  15  BynlPark
  16  John Walter Smith Memorial Park

0 Health Care Facilities
  4   County Health Clinic
  5   Brickhaven Adult Daycare Center
  6   Snow H5H Nursing and
      Rehabilitation Center

A Other Facilities
  3   County Library
  4   Senior Citizen Center
T
       I
        I**
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             KEY MAP
 US 113 PLANNING STUDY
       Community
Facilities & Services
  SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                             SUHHgtoay
             April 1997
                                                        Figure
                                                         III-2A

-------
X
Legend

i Places of Worship
  18  United Methodist Church
  19  Trinity United Methodist Church

BB Emergency Services
  7   Newark Volunteer Fine DepL
  8   Worcester County Fire Training
      Center

• Schools
  7   Worcester County Career and
      Technology Center

HI Parks and Recreation
  13  Site, new county park
                                          KEY MAP
US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                                                  Community
                                                            Facilities & Services
                                                              SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                                         St*t* Hlghmy
                                                         AduUnlflnllon
                                                                    April 1997
                                                                                     III-

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• Places of Worship
  None in study area

EB Emergency Services
  4   Berlin Fire DepL
  5   Berlin Police Dept.
  6   Maryland State Police Barracks

• Schools
  2   Stephen Decatur High School
  3   New Middle School (under construction)
  4   Berlin Middle School
  5   Buckingham Elementary School
  6   Worcester Country School

M Parks and Recreation
  None in study area

(3 Health Care Facilities
  1   Atlantic General Hospital
  2   Berlin Nursing and Rehabilitation Center
  3   County Health Clinic (under construction)

A Other Facilities
  1   County Library
  2   Senior Citizen Center
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                                                 US 113 PLANNING  STUDY
                                                      Community
                                                Facilities & Services
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                                                       A CHUM JftfttuOlt
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                                                                            Figure
                                                                            III-2C

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                                  BISHOP
Legend

i Places of Worship
  1   St. Matthews Baptist Church
  2   Calvery Pentecostal Church
  3   Showell United Methodist Church
  4   St. Martin's Church
  5   Trinity Charistmatic Episcopal
      Church
  6   St John Neumann Catholic
      Church
  7   Temple Bat Yam (under
      construction)
  8   Future site, Trinity Charismatic
      Episcopal Church
  9   Calvary Chapel
  10  Friendship United Methodist

EB Emergency Services
  1   Bishopville Volunteer Fire Dept
  2   Showell Volunteer Fire Dept
  3   Ocean Pines Fire and Police
      Depts.

• Schools
  1   Showell Elementary School

H Parks and Recreation
  1   Showell Recreation Area
  2   Pine Shore Golf Course
  3   River Run Golf Course
  4   White Horse Park
  5   Bainbridge Park
  6   Huntington Park
  7   The Beach Club Golf Course
                                           I STUDY
                                            AREA
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                                                                US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                                                     Community
                                                               Facilities & Services
                                                                 NORTHERN STUDY AREA
                                                            AdmlnMntton
                                                                           April 1997

-------
US 113 Planning Study
       g.     Schools

       Worcester County operates one high school, one middle school, two elementary schools, one
       special education school, and a career and technical center within the project area. Snow Hill
       High School, Snow Hill Middle School and Snow Hill Elementary School are located in the
       City of Snow Hill. The Cedar Chapel Special School, located next to Snow Hill Middle
       School, is a County school for handicapped students. Just north of Snow Hill along US 113
       is the Worcester County Career and Technology Center. This facility specializes in educating
       students in trades and technologies. Located between Showell and Ocean Pines along MD
       Route 589 (Racetrack Road) is Showell Elementary School. Forty-five school buses operate
       along US 113 during the course of a school day in the project area.  Currently, there are
       twenty-eight bus stops along US  113. School buses operate along US 113 from 7 AM until
       4:30 PM. The peak periods of operation for the buses are between 7 AM and 8:15 AM and
       2:45 PM and 4:30  PM. (McNabb, 1997).

       There are no private schools within the study area.

       h.     Recreation Opportunities

       There  are numerous public and  private recreational opportunities  located throughout
       Worcester County (see Figures 1JJ-2A through 2D). There are 16 public boat ramps located
       throughout the County.  The Worcester County View Trail 100 is a scenic bike route, which
       is a network of County roads used by bicyclists to traverse rural areas of the County.  This
       is not a dedicated bike trail for use solely by bicyclists but a shared use of the local county
       road system. The Worcester County Tourism Office does not keep statistics on usage of the
       View Trail 100.  County public  recreational facilities include the John Walter Smith
       Memorial Park,  located between Snow Hill and US 113.  The facility has baseball and
       multipurpose fields. The Recreation Area in Showell has tennis courts, a basketball court,
       three baseball fields, a playground and a picnic pavilion. A new County park has  been
       planned for the Newark community adjacent to the fire department.

       The public schools have outdoor recreational  facilities  open to the public. Snow Hill
       Elementary School has playground equipment.  Snow Hill Middle School has playground
       equipment, a basketball court, tennis courts and a multipurpose field.  Snow Hill High
       School has basketball courts, tennis courts and a football field. Showell Elementary School
       has playground equipment and a multipurpose field.

       Public recreational facilities in Snow Hill include Sturgis Park and Byrd Park.  These are
       waterfront parks located along the Pocomoke River with picnic tables and pavilions. There
       is a public boat ramp located at Byrd Park.
                                        111-10

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US 113 Planning Study
       i.
Utilities
       Electricity to the towns and major road corridors is supplied by Delmarva Power and Light.
       Choptank Electric Cooperative supplies electricity to the rural areas of the County.  Pipeline
       liquid propane gas service is supplied by Eastern Shore Gas Company. Newark and Snow
       Hill have municipal water and sewer systems. Local telephone service is provided by Bell
       Atlantic (Maryland Dept. of Business and Economic Development, 1995-96).  Cable
       television is supplied by TCI Cablevision of the Eastern Shore.

       j.     Other Community Facilities

       Worcester County operates a public library and a senior citizens center within the study area
       in Snow Hill. The Worcester County Commission on Aging operates the senior citizens
       centers which offer programs in education, crafts, exercise, wellness and entertainment in
       addition to providing a noontime meal  at  the centers.   The Commission  provides
       transportation for seniors to and from the centers (Mower, 1997).
       2.
Economic Environment
       a.     Employment Characteristics

       The largest sectors of employment in Worcester County are retail (34.7%), service (26.5%)
       and government (11.6%). The major industrial employers in the County are Perdue Farms
       (650 employees), Hudson Foods (600 employees) and Mid-Atlantic Foods (80 employees)
       (Worcester County Dept. Of Economic Development, 1996). In 1993, tourism generated
       over $775 million in annual sales, making it the largest industry by sales in the County.
       Poultry growing and processing followed with $173 million in annual sales. Wood products
       was the third largest industry in the County, accounting for $7 million in sales (Worcester
       County Dept. Of Economic Development, 1994).  According to the Worcester County
       Comprehensive Plan, the largest employment opportunities in the year 2000 for the County
       are projected to be in recreation-oriented industries. Sectors with the greatest projected
       growth since 1980 are F.I.R.E. (Finance, Insurance and Real  Estate) with a 56 percent
       increase, construction with a 50 percent increase and wholesale/retail trade with a 46 percent
       increase. Sectors with the least projected growth since 1980 are agriculture with no increase
       and transportation/utilities with a 20 percent decrease.

       As of January 1997, Worcester County's unemployment rate was 19.0 percent, which reflects
       seasonal conditions of the beach resort area. The state unemployment rate was 4.8 percent
       and the nation's unemployment rate was 5.9 percent (Maryland Department of Labor, 1997).
       Worcester County experiences low unemployment during the  summer months  and high
       unemployment during the remainder of the year. To illustrate this, the unemployment rate
       for the County in January 1996 was 17.5 percent while in August 1996, the unemployment
                                         111-11

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US 113 Planning Study
       rate was 3.4 percent. This is a reflection of the seasonal employment that occurs within the
       County's tourism industry.  In January 1996, the County's civilian work force was 20,085.
       By August 1996, the County's civilian work force was 31,812.

       US  113 provides access to Ocean City by intersecting with MD 90 and US 50, roadways
       which link Ocean City to the mainland. Traditionally a summer vacationing spot, Ocean City
       is becoming more of a year-round tourist destination as more retail, eating, entertainment and
       lodging establishments are  staying open during the winter months. Ocean City is also host
       to numerous conventions held at its convention center, which is currently being expanded
       to 125,000 square feet.  Scheduled completion is Fall  1997 and is expected to host over 110
       events and serve over 380,000 people (Town of Ocean City, Maryland, 1996).  The need for
       businesses to employ seasonal employees  increases during the late spring and summer
       months as more lodging, eating establishments, retail merchants and other businesses open
       their doors to vacationers.

       Projected employment growth in Worcester County is projected to be 13.8 percent between
       the  years 2000 and 2010. The employment sectors  with the largest projected growth are
       Services (23.71%), F.I.R.E. (15.38%) and Retail Trade (13.68%) (Maryland Office of
       Planning, 1995).

       b.     Commercial and Industrial Facilities

       The towns and communities in the study area are dependent on farming and farming-related
       industries  for their livelihoods.  According to the Delmarva Poultry Industry, a trade
       organization, growth in  the poultry industry is expected to occur in western Worcester
       County, outside of the study area.  Perdue Chickens operates a feed mill in Bishop, and a
       hatchery and processing facility in Showell. Tyson Foods operates a feed mill in Snow Hill.
       These businesses contract with local  farmers to raise chickens and grow crops to be
       processed for chicken feed.  Trucks frequently use US 113 to travel to the farms to retrieve
       the  crops and chickens for processing.

       Berlin  and Snow Hill are the towns in the study  area where  most of the commercial
       establishments, shopping areas and community facilities and services are located. In Bishop,
       there are some neighborhood businesses, including a couple of restaurants, a veterinary
       hospital and a boat repair business. Some retail businesses and facility stations are located
       in Ocean Pines near the MD 589/MD 90 interchange.

       There is a state enterprise zone in Snow Hill.  Businesses located in the enterprise zone can
       qualify for economic incentives and tax credits by achieving certain landmarks in capital
       investment and/or job creation.
                                         111-12

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US 113 Planning Study
       The corporate state income tax rate is 7 percent. The state sales tax rate is 5 percent. The
       state personal income tax rate varies between 2 and 5 percent. The County personal income
       tax rate is 1.5 percent. (Worcester County Department of Economic Development, 1996).

       Real property tax rates in the County are $0.76 per $100 of assessed value. The real property
       tax rates for Berlin, Ocean City and Snow Hill are $1.44, $1.24 and $1.48, respectively, per
       $100 of assessed value (Worcester Co. Dept. Of Economic Development, 1996).
       c.
Land Use
       Existing Land Use

       Several communities are located within the US 113 study area. Ironshire, Basket Switch, and
       Wesley in the southern study area and Jones, Friendship, Showell and Bishop in the northern
       study area, are small, predominantly residential crossroad communities located along US
       113.  One and two story single family detached housing are the dominant housing types in
       these communities.  In Showell, Perdue Chickens operates a hatchery  and a processing
       facility. Li Bishop, there are  some  neighborhood businesses,  including a couple of
       restaurants, a veterinary hospital and a boat repair business. Other industries in Bishop
       include a  poultry processing and feed mill  operation and an asphalt plant. As  the only
       community in the study area with village zoning, Newark displays the  architectural and
       development history characteristics of the County.  New development is to be carefully
       considered for its impact on the existing community character.

       Ocean Pines is a high density, private residential community located east of the study area
       along the coastal bay. The dominant housing type in this area is a single family detached
       dwelling unit. Some retail businesses and fueling stations are located near this community
       near the MD 589/MD 90 interchange.

       To regulate  and guide land use, Worcester County  has adopted a zoning ordinance,
       subdivision regulations and a comprehensive development plan. The existing land use in the
       study area is shown on Figures HI-3A through 3D.  Figures HI-4A through 4D show the
       zoning classifications of the land in the study area.  Most of the land in the study area is
       zoned for agricultural use. Farms are located throughout the project corridor with cultivated
       fields and chicken houses as the dominant agricultural features in the study area. Corn,
       wheat, barley and  soybeans are the  crops  grown the most in  the  study area. Minor
       subdivisions  of five dwelling units per parcel are permitted in agricultural-zoned land areas.
                                         m-13

-------
     INDUSTRIAL
     INSTITUTIONAL
•:•:•:•:• AGRICULTURAL
"""B" FOREST/WOODLANDS
     PARKLAND/
     RECREATIONAL
KEY MAP
__ป^—i_ป__~____________JX_n^_
 US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                Existing Land Use
                SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
            Hmylml
            MmtoMntton
         April 1997
Figure
III-3A

-------
. I
\
   LEGEND

RESroENTIAL

MIXED RESIDENTIAL/
COMMERCIAL

INDUSTRIAL
           38^ INSTITUTIONAL

                AGRICULTURAL
                FOREST/WOODLANDS

                PARKLAND/
                RECREATIONAL
                                 KEY MAP
                                US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                 Existing Land Use

                                 SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                             AdmlnMnOea
                                         April 1997
                                                                      III

-------
\     /LEGEND  *	
    RESIDENTIAL
     MIXED RESIDENTIAL/
     COMMERCIAL
     INSTITUTIONAL
•:•:•:•  AGRICULTURAL
*4KS!*:  FOREST/WOODLANDS
     PARKLAND/
     RECREATIONAL
                                                US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                                Existing Land Use
                                                SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                                                     Figure
                                                                     III-3C

-------
                                            MARYLAND
                                            BISHOPVILLE
                                                 T	r	--	-rT
                                                           i
 --s-LEGEND —•
RESIDENTIAL
MIXED RESIDENTIAL/
COMMERCIAL
     INDUSTRIAL
     INSTITUTIONAL
!:$iv AGRICULTURAL
                                           US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                           Existing Land Use
                                           NORTHERN STUDY AREA
     FOREST/WOODLANDS

-------
 Legend
A-1:AgrteuHuro
B-1: Neighborhood Business
B-2: General Business
C-1: Conservation
E-1: Estate - Large Lot, Low Density residential
M-1: Light Industrial
M-2: Heavy Industrial
R-1: Residential - Single Family (1 dwelling per acre)
R-2: Residential - Single Family (1 dwelling per 1/2 acre)
R-3: Residential - Single Family/ Multi Family
R-4: Residential - Single Family/ Multi Family;
   Hotel and Motel
V-1: Village
KEY MAP
US 113  PLANNING  STUDY
                  Zoning Classifications

                      SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                 April 1997
                              Figure
                              DMA

-------
 Legend
A-1: Agriculture
B-1: Neighboihood Business
B-2: General Business
C-1: C
-------
A-1: Agriculture
B-1: Neighborhood Business
B-2: General Business
C-1: Conservation
E-1: Estate - Large Lot, Lew Density residential
M-1: Light Industrial
M-2: Heavy Industrial
R-1: Residential - Single Family (1 dwelling per acre)
R-2: Residential - Single Family (1 dwelling per 1/2 acre)
R-3: Residential - Single family / Multi Family
R-4: Residential - Single Family / Multi Family;
   Hotel and Motel
V-1: Village

                                                                 US 113 PLANNING  STUDY
                                                              Zoning Classifications

                                                                  SOUTHERN STUDY AREA

-------
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A-1: Agriculture
B-1: Neighborhood Business
B-2: General Business
C-1: Conservation
E-1: Estate - Large Lot, Low Density residential
M-1: Light Industrial
M-2: Heavy Industrial
R-1: Residential - Single Family (1 dwelling per a
R-2: Residential - Single Family (1 dwelling per 1
R-3: Residential - Single Family / Mutti Family
R-4: Residential - Single Family / Multi Family;
    Hotel and Motel
 V-1: Village
                    .us.'.ii.;
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   US 113 PLANNING  STUDY


Zoning Classifications

    NORTHERN STUDY AREA
                                                       April 1997
                                                                                                     Fig
                                                                                                     III-

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7S 113 Planning Study
      Other zoning classifications in the study area include Neighborhood Business (B-l) General
      Business (B-2), Light Industrial (M-l), Heavy Industrial (M-2), Rural Estate (E-l), Low
      Density Single Family Residential (R-l and R-2), Medium and High Density Single-Family
      and  Multi-Family Residential (R-3 and R-4), Village (V-l) and Conservation (C-l).
      Descriptions of general land use permitted in these zones are shown in Table ni-8.

      Worcester County land use trends between 1973 and 1990 are shown in Table ffl-9. Between
      1973 and 1990, Worcester County experienced a 33 percent increase in total development,
      most of which was a result of residential development. In 1973, approximately 3.7 percent
      of the total land area was developed. In 1990, approximately 4.9 percent of the total land
      area was developed.
                                        111-14
                                                                                             ft'

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US 113 Planning Study
                          Table HI-8: Zoning Classifications
Zoning Classification
A-l
B-l
B-2
C-l
E-l
M-l
M-2
R-l
R-2
R-3
R-4
V-l
"•->- if v - *
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US 113 Planning Study
                 Table III-9: Worcester County Land Use Trends, 1973-1990
, Land Use
Category
Low Density
Residential
Med./High Density
Residential
Commercial/
Industrial
Institutional/Open
Bare Ground
Total Development
Land Use in Acres
"' ' "* ™* i jfv
1973
3,500
2,505
2,507
2,181
493
11,186
1981
4,786
2,774
2,705
1,753
557
12,575
1985
5,221
2,877
2,840
1,830
416
13,184
1990
6,549
3,000
2,982
1,879
542
14,952
Land Use Change
(%) ,
1973-1990
87.1
19.8
18.9
-13.8
9.9
33.7
''_•• '." '•'•.. • •'. ''. , ,;=.:' .'.'.'• •'.•' •-' ' '• -.• .••'••."' ' ' :p '-..'•
Agriculture
Forest
Extractive/Barren
Wetland
Total Resources
Total Land
Water
Total Area
98,948
170,336
1,923
21,846
293,053
304,239
140,310
444,549
99,588
168,275
1,949
21,852
291,664
304,239
140,310
444,549
100,222
167,020
1,962
21,851
291,055
304,239
140,310
444,549
99,716
165,489
1,962
21,805
288,972
303,924*
140,625
444,549
0.8
-2.8
2.0
-0.2
-1.4
-0.1
0.2
constant
Source: "Maryland's Land, 1973-1990, A Changing Resource."
          Maryland Office of Planning Publication 91-8

Motes:  Water area before 1985 was assumed constant
        * Adjusted based on 1985 and 1990 polygon data

       Wetlands include forested and non-forested wetlands, including tidal flats, tidal and non-tidal marshes, upland
       swamps, and wet areas.

       Data presented in this table is based on aerial photographs.
                                              111-16

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US 113 Planning Study
       Future Land Use

       The land use goal of Worcester County is to locate the major portion of the county's future
       population in the northern portion of the County (around Ocean City) while maintaining the
       rural nature of the county and safeguarding its environment for future generations (Worcester
       County Planning Commission,  1989). As developable land in Ocean City becomes scarcer
       and more expensive to develop, the coastal bay areas west of Ocean City have and are
       projected to continue to accommodate development.

       Table HI-10 shows the land use forecast to the year 2020 for Worcester County.  A future
       land use map is currently being developed by WCPPI as part of the comprehensive plan
       update. The completion of a supplemental comprehensive development plan to comply with
       the State Economic Growth, Resource Protection and Planning Act of 1992 is anticipated for
       July 1997. Total development is projected to increase approximately 38 percent between
       1990 and 2020. Of the 303,924 acres of land area in Worcester County, only an estimated
       24,364 acres of land (8 percent of the entire land area in the County) are projected to be in
       development by the year 2020. Figure ffl-5 depicts the County's comprehensive development
       plan, as of 1989, and the recommended pattern of land use. A general description of the land
       uses is listed in Table ffl-8. "Suburban" land use allows 6 dwelling units per acre whereas
       "Suburban Residential" land use allows 4 dwelling units per acre.  Future growth should
       focus  on land  in and around Ocean City  to accommodate the vacation/second home
       population and sustain the work force for resort-related industries and businesses (Worcester
       County Planning Commission, 1989).

       Worcester  County's natural environment is its principal attraction  for population and
       economic growth. Growth will continue in the county as long as quality natural resources
       can be maintained (Worcester County Planning Commission, 1989).  County land use
       objectives include "encourage new development projects to locate in  or near the existing
       population centers and service centers (where planned) but also discourage development of
       the rural areas of the County" and "maintain the rural character of Worcester and its existing
       population centers, small towns and villages" (Worcester County Planning Commission,
       1989). The responsibility of regulating land use and development rests with the Worcester
       County Commission and the  WCPPI office.

       In the Worcester County Comprehensive Development Plan, the dualization of US 113 is
       designated as an Area of Critical State Concern, which is defined as one that deserves special
       planning attention and involves or affects more than one local jurisdiction. The plan also
       recommends that direct access to major roadways should be limited and directed towards
       local  "feeder" or collector streets.  Zoning controls should be carefully used  to limit
       development to  selected areas along the right-of-way  (Worcester County Planning
       Commission, 1989).
                                        7/7-77

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US 113 Planning Study
      The population centers of the county (Berlin, Newark, Snow Hill, Pocomoke City, Ocear
      City) have the infrastructure (i.e. sewerage and sewage disposal systems) in place to suppor
      existing and future development. Except in Newark, there is no public sewerage in the US
      113 study area.  There are no plans to expand sewerage in the study area.  If a development
      cannot be supported by a septic system, then the developer must install the infrastructure foi
      the development at his/her own expense (Morris, 1997).

      Some  low density, single family houses have recently  been constructed or are  undei
      construction along Shingle Landing Road and Bunting Road in the northern study area
      adjacent to the location of a proposed new garden center. A new place of worship, Temple
      Bat Yam, is presently under construction just north of the MD 90/US 113 interchange. Nc
      new development is taking place in the southern study area. According to WCPPI, there has
      been little pressure or interest to develop large scale commercial or residential projects in the
      US 113 study area. Most of the people who relocate to Worcester County want to live neai
      or on the water (Morris, 1997).  For that reason, new development is occurring on the
      northern bayfront areas of the County. This geographical area is linked to US  113 by MD
      Route 90, Racetrack Road (MD 589), Bishopville Road (MD 367), Jarvis Road, Bunting
      Road and Shingle Landing  Road.  It  is anticipated that  there will be a demand for
      development along the southern bayfront areas and MD Route 611 north of its intersection
      with Assateague Road (Worcester County Planning Commission, 1989).
                                        111-18

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         LEGEND
          SUBURBAN

          SUBURBAN RESIDENTIAL

          VILLAGE

          ESTATE

          AGRICULTURE

          PARK LAND

          CONSERVATION

          COMMERCIAL CENTER
     \
          CEAN
          CITY
                                                     t
Source: Worcester County Comprehensive Plan
      April 1989
    N
 MOTTO SCALE
                                          US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                           Comprehensive
                                          Development Plan
                                       SttttHiytnay
April 1997
Figure
 III-5

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US 113 Planning Study
                Table 111-10: Worcester County Land Use Forecast, 1990-2020
Land Use Category
Very Low Density
Residential (1)
Low Density
Residential (2)
Med./High Density
Residential (3)
Commercial/
Industrial
Institutional and Open
Bare Ground (4)
Total Development
Land Use in Acres
1990
2,703
6,549
3,000
2,982
1,879
542
17,655
2000
3,231
7,570
3,436
3,465
2,183
542
20,427
2010 "
3,650
8,381
3,783
3,849
2,425
542
22,630
2020
3,981
9,019
4,056
4,151
2,616
542
24,364
Land Use
Change '
1990-2020 (%)
47.3 %
37.7%
35.2 %
39.2 %
39.2 %
0.0%
38.0 %
• ''"-' '' " •' •" '•':•.'." . ' '• ;' -': : ;' ':.' '.-' '•..•.•' ' "' '".••'" .•••••••
Agriculture
Forest
Extractive and Barren (4)
Wetland (4)
Total Resources
Water (4)
Total Area
98,700
163,802
1,962
21,805
286,269
140,625
444,549
97,657
162,072
1,962
21,805
283,497
140,625
444,549
96,829
160,698
1,962
21,805
281,294
140,625
444,549
96,177
159,616
1,962
21,805
279,560
140,625
444,549
-2.5%
-2.5 %
0.0%
0.0%
-2.3%
0.0%
constant
Source: "Maryland Land Use/Land Cover 1990-2020 Forecast."
         Maryland Office of Planning, 1992

Notes:  (1)1 dwelling unit/5 acres to 1 dwelling unit/20 acres
        (2) 0.2 dwelling unit/acre to 2 dwelling units/acre     *-
        (3) 2 dwelling units/acre to > 8 dwelling units/acre
        (4) Assumed constant over forecast period

        The differences Tables m-9 and III-10 for year 1990 Total Development, Agriculture and Forest categories
        reflect differences in Maryland Office of Planning source material. Wetlands include forested and non-forested
        wetlands, tidal flats, tidal and non-tidal marshes, upland swamps and wet areas.
                                               7/7-79

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US 113 Planning Study
B.     Cultural Resources

Historic structures identification and evaluation studies and a Phase I archeological identification
have been completed for the project. Letters from the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO)
coordinating both historic structures and archeological resources in the study area are presented in
Chapter VI. The SHPO has concurred that 6 of the 21 historic structures identified in the project's
Area of Potential Effects (APE) are eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), as
described below. One additional historic site, the Maryland/Delaware State Line Marker (WO 480),
listed in Table ffl-11, was determined by MHT to be eligible for the National Register, but is outside
the project's APE.  These properties are listed in Table HI-11  and their locations are shown in
Figures III-6A through 6D.

The area of potential effects (APE), concurred upon by the Maryland Historical Trust on August 30,
1995, was defined to include the area 500 feet east and west of the existing US 113 roadway in most
of the project corridor. In the northern portion of the study area, from north of the town of Berlin
to the Delaware line,  where relocation alternatives are also being studied, the APE  width was
expanded to  approximately 500 feet beyond  the limits of the easternmost and  westernmost
alternatives and included the intervening area.  The western boundary of the northern study area
extended to the Maryland and Delaware Railroad Corridor.

       1.     Significant Historic Structures

       The National Register's  standards  for evaluating  the significance of properties were
       developed to recognize the accomplishments of all peoples who have made a contribution
       to our country's history and heritage.

       The quality of significance  in American history, architecture, archeology, and culture is
       present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location,
       design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, and:

       (A)    that are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad
              patterns of our history; or
       (B)    that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or
       (C)    that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type,  period,  or method  of
              construction, or that represent the work of a master,  or that possess high artistic
              values,  or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components
              may lack individual distinction; or
       (D)   that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or
              history.
                                           7/7-20

-------
            'ซ>
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              • \ V
 nspeninsular-l  \ V
 Jne Marker     ป. 1
                                iSKGliuSroSo^ ;-.
                                •L.      .  •'"-.'. '/'
                 3hbwell Store
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                                                y	
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                 .* ^--.      _~,  i  :
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                                                    t"
                                                           _ /   x
                                                       113 PLANNING STUDY
                                                       Historic  Sites
                                                     NORTHERN STUDY AREA
 •   Historic Site Location
— — Dualization on Existing Alignment
i • •ปซ Duallzatlon on New Alignment

-------
US 113 Planning Study
                          Table III-ll: Historic Standing Structures
Maryland J t
Historical Trust
Inventory #• '
WO 23
WO 283
WO 284
WO 289
WO 317
WO 462
WO 463
WO 464
WO 465
WO 466
WO 467
WO 468
WO 471
WO 472
WO 473
WO 474
WO 475
WO 476
WO 477
WO 478
WO 479
WO 480
'., •- .'• ;• -;|.-Vu--j" -*'-1 Vt-i' V^.-ฃ>--^Vr'Vv^^aswซiiJ;s!?gj^t@iSi;;rA>'
;; . '^^^^^ij^^^^l^^^^^^i^^ •
St. Martin's Church
Hale Farm/Mariner Farm
Lemuel Showell House
Showell Store
Rochester Farm
Gibbons Farm
Hensley/Amos Farm
A.P. Bowen House
Parker Farm
Barbely Farm
J.T. Mumford House
Walsh House
Erma and Norwood Davis House
Vic's Country Store
Calvin E. Davis House
Richard J, and Ellen M. Truitt House
Hall House
Holloway House
Virgil and Sarah Webb House
Roland W. Beauchamp Feed Storage Buildings
Transpeninsular Line Marker
Maryland/Delaware State Line Marker
i*: Extermination ง
„• ' • •' ,'\, i *'(-., ""•i:.,\-*-i'\t>:"',*'-e?'l';r-/?'y*'&'*f^i:<**f'
NR$
NRE*
NRE
NRE
Not NRE
Not NRE
Not NRE
Not NRE
Not NRE
Not NRE
Not NRE
Not NRE
Not NRE
NRE
Not NRE
Not NRE
Not NRE
Not NRE
Not NRE
Not NRE
NRE
NRE**
Legend:
$       Listed on the National Register
*       National Register Eligible
**     This resource is National Register Eligible and outside the area of potential effect.
                                              7/7-27

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US 113 Planning Study
      The following historic structures were identified as listed on or eligible for the National
      Register.

      St. Martin's Church (WO-23). St. Martin's Church, entered on the National Register on
      April 13, 1977, is situated on the west side of US 113 at the intersection with Racetrack Road
      (MD 589), south of the community of  Showell.  It is also a Maryland Historical Trust
      easement property. The church is significant as one of the few mid-18th century structures
      in Maryland.  It is architecturally significant under criterion  C for its fine construction
      features and conveys a strong association with the early history of Worcester County.  The
      present brick building was constructed in 1759 to replace an earlier Anglican structure.

      Hale Farm/Mariner Farm (WO-283). The Hale Farm/Mariner Farm, determined eligible
      in April 1996, is located on the east side of US  113 between MD 90 and MD 589, south of
      Showell.   The property, including a mid-19th century farmhouse,  a log corncrib, and a
      smokehouse, provides an excellent representative example of an intact, mid-19th century
      farmhouse and a cohesive grouping of domestic outbuildings, and is eligible for the Register
      under criterion C (as a representative of a type).

      Lemuel Showell House (WO-284). The Lemuel Showell House, determined eligible for the
      National Register of Historic Places in June 1990 under criterion B (for its association with
      important individuals)  and C (as a representative of a type), is located on the east side of US
      113 south of Pitts Road.  The ca. 1830 house is the oldest in the Showell area and one of a
      few Federal-style houses in northern Worcester County. The house is also significant for its
      association with the prominent Showell  family, and particularly with Lemuel Showell HI,
      who was instrumental in financing railroad construction and development of the resort of
      Ocean City. The house was moved in the 1930's, but is considered of exceptional local
      significance, and retains sufficient integrity of setting to justify inclusion on the Register
      (Little 6-14-90 letter to Ege).

      Showell Store (WO-289). The Showell  Store, determined eligible in January 1997, is
      located at the northwest corner of US 113 and Pitts Road in Showell.  Significant as a village
      store and commercial center for the surrounding area from the mid-19th century to the
      present, the Showell Store is considered eligible for the National Register under criterion A,
      as it reflects the broad patterns of local history. Archeological Site 18WO209, at this time
      considered potentially eligible for the Register based on its information potential (criterion
      D), is within the boundary of the Showell Store.

      Vic's Country Store (WO-472). Vic's Country Store, determined eligible for the National
      Register in March 1996 under criterion C (as a representative of a type), is located on the east
      side of US 113 at the intersection of Carey Road, Jones Road, and Friendship Road.  The
      building is a good, intact example of early 20th century roadside architecture, and as a store/
      gas station in a small crossroads community — once quite common, but now a dying form.
      Archeological site 18WO213, considered ineligible for the Register based on the results of
      the Phase I surveys is within the boundary of Vic's Country Store.
                                         7/7-22

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            US 113 Planning Study
                  Transpeninsular Line Marker (WO-479). The Transpeninsular Line Marker, determined
                  eligible in April 1996 under criterion A (for its association with important historical events),
                  is located on the east side of US 113 at the Maryland/Delaware state line.  It marks the
                  boundary between the two states.

                  2.     Archeological Sites

                  The purpose of the Phase I archeological survey was to identify archeological sites within the
                  project area, and to obtain preliminary information about their potential eligibility for the
                  National Register of Historic Places. The survey identified 39 archeological sites and 45
                  non-site isolated artifacts or artifact scatters. All of the 39 defined archeological sites contain
                  components  dating  to the historic period, and 13  of them  also contain prehistoric
                  components. Nineteen of the sites may be eligible for listing on the National Register of
                  Historic Places, and eighteen of these are likely to be impacted by one or more of the project
                  alternates. Three of the eighteen may be significant for their prehistoric components, thirteen
                  may be significant for their historic period components, and two may be significant for both
                  their historic and  prehistoric components. Formal determinations  of eligibility will be
                  accomplished in a subsequent phase of archeological research.

                  On March 7, 1997, SHA provided the Maryland Historical Trust with a copy of the draft
                  archeological report of Phase I investigations. By letter dated March 18,  1997, the Maryland
                  Historical Trust concurred with SHA's determination that all build alternatives will have
                  adverse effects  on historic properties, and that a reasonable and good faith effort was made
                  to identify archeological sites within the project's APE. The Trust was unable to concur on
                  the adequacy of the archeological report, however, and a revised  report responding to
                  comments was submitted by letter dated April 10, 1997.

                  Six of the recorded prehistoric sites may be eligible for the National Register of Historic
                  Places for their ability to provide  important information about the past, and five of the six
                  may be impacted by the undertaking. 18WO184 dates between 500 B.C. and A.D. 600,
                  within the Woodland  I period.   A possible  feature suggests that it may represent a
                  periodically revisited campsite. 18WO185 contains Woodland period ceramics and a possible
                  feature that suggests it too may represent a campsite.

                  18WO193, 18WO201,  and 18WO203 are prehistoric sites of unknown age  that have the
                  potential to contain intact, subplowzone archeological deposits. These three prehistoric sites
                  are within areas likely to be impacted by construction of one of the alternates retained for
                  detailed study.  Further archeological work will be undertaken at the appropriate time on the
                  five prehistoric sites considered potentially  eligible for the National Register and subject to
                  impact from  the project.

                  18WO215 is a Woodland period site with evidence to suggest that it may have been a
                  habitation site.  While it may be eligible for the National Register, it is outside the project's
                  construction  limits and will not be impacted by the undertaking.
                                                     7/7-23
•ff

-------
75 713 Planning Study
      The remaining seven sites with prehistoric components located within the project's APE
      appear to lack the artifact density, patterned artifact distributions, or intact deposits necessary
      to provide significant data concerning the prehistoric occupation of the Eastern Shore.  For
      these reasons,  the Phase I Survey concluded that they are unlikely to be able to yield
      important information, and are not considered eligible for the National Register of Historic
      Places. However, further  investigations  will be  undertaken. at four, multicomponent
      historic/prehistoric sites considered potentially eligible for the National Register based on
      the information potential of their historic period components.  These sites are 18WO195,
      18WO196, 18WO197, and 18WO209.

      Fourteen potentially significant historic, rural/residential sites were identified within the
      construction limits of the undertaking, five dating to the 18th and 19th centuries (18WO183,
      18WO190,  18WO194, 18WO201,  and 18WO204), two dating  exclusively to the  19th
      century (18WO181, 18WO185, and 18WO215), two dating between the  18th and  20th
      centuries (18WO191 and  18WO195),  and  five dating to the 19th and 20th centuries
      (18WO196,  18WO197,  18WO209,  18WO212, and 18WO214).  Testing at these  sites
      suggests that intact features, subplowzone deposits, or artifact distributions might be present
      that could yield significant sociocultural and economic information relating to early agrarian
      lifeways in the region. The existence of a sizable sample of potentially significant historic
      period sites also makes it possible to evaluate  temporal differences between sites, reflecting
      changing sociocultural or socioeconomic conditions.

      Testing of historic site 18WO202 encountered the remains of a brick pier beneath the
      plowzone, and the landowner suggested that a blacksmith shop or foundry once stood at this
      location. The site  may be able to provide important information about historic economic,
      commercial, and industrial patterns, and may be eligible for the National Register. In all,
      fifteen historic period sites that may be eligible for the National Register are likely to be
      impacted by one of the alternates under  study,  and will require Phase II archeological
      evaluation to determine their eligibility. The historic period component, of 18WO215 may
      be eligible for the National Register based on its information potential, but is outside the
      project's limits of construction and will not be impacted by the undertaking.

      The remaining 20 sites with historic period components appear to lack the artifact density,
      patterned artifact distributions, or intact deposits necessary to provide important information
      about the history of the region. For these reasons, the Phase I survey concluded that they are
      unlikely to be able to yield important information, and are ndt considered eligible for the
      National Register of Historic Places.
                                         111-24

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US 113 Planning Study
C.     Topography,  Geology, and Soils

       1.     Topography

       Worcester County is located entirely within the Coastal Plain Province where the topography
       of the land is generally low lying and very gently rolling.  However, areas that are steep are
       encountered within the County. Slopes are found along swales and ridges, stream channels,
       depressions and dunes. The highest point encountered in Worcester County is 65 feet above
       sea level and is located near Furnace, Maryland approximately 4 miles northwest of Snow
       Hill, Maryland (SCS, 1973).

       2.     Geology

       The study area is located entirely within the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province and
       consists of sediment deposited in the Quaternary Age and Tertiary Age  based upon the
       Geologic Map of Worcester County, Maryland,  1978.  The  Quaternary and Tertiary
       sediments consist of gravel, sand, silt, clay, and shell fragments and are generally more than
       one mile thick. Crystalline bedrock of the Precambrian and Paleozoic Ages underlies these
       sediments and dips to the southeast (Maryland Geologic Survey, 1978).

       The sediment deposited in the Quaternary period consist mainly of the Omar Formation with
       minor amounts of the Ironshire Formation and Parsonsburg Sand Formation. Isolated areas
       of the Kent Island Formation and alluvium are encountered along the alignment (Maryland
       Geologic Survey, 1978).  The surficial geology of the study area is shown on Figures III-7A
       through 7D.

       The Omar Formation consists of two major interstratified sediment facies: light colored sand
       and dark-colored sandy clay-silt or silty clay. The light colored facies are mostly medium
       sands, typically 15 feet thick, and the dark colored facies are interbedded silty sands, silts and
     '  silty clay varying hi thickness from 3 to 5 feet. The dark-colored facies are predominant in
       the study area.  The maximum thickness of this formation is about 65  feet (Maryland
       Geologic Survey, 1978).

       The Ironshire Formation consists of two major sediment facies: the light-colored sand facies
       and the light- to dark-colored silty to clayey sand and sandy silt. These facies grade into
       interbedded sands and clays in a northerly direction. The Parsonsburg sand consists of light
       colored medium to coarse grained sand on isolated ridges bordered by the Omar Formation
       (Maryland Geologic Survey, 1978).
                                         7/7-25

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Legend
     Qo  Omar Formation
     Qi  Ironshire Formation
     Qp  Parsonsburg Sand
     Qk  Kent Island Formation
     Qal  Alluvium
     Tb  Beaverdam Sand
KEY MAP
US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                   Geologic Map
                 SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                             ArfoinfcMton
                                                          April 1997
                                       Figure
                                        III-7A

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|ป>| Qo  Omar Formation
     QI  Ironshire Formation
     Qp  Parsonsburg Sand
     Qk  Kent Island Formation
     Qal Alluvium
     Tb  Beaverdam Sand
KEY MAP
                                                  US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                   Geologic  Map
                 SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
             Mvyfantf
             StปtปMghw*y
             MmlnMnOon
                                                           April 1997
Figui
III-7I

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Xปl  Qo Omar Formation
     Qi  Ironshire Formation
        ParsonsburgSand
     Qk Kent Island Formation
     Qal Alluvium
     Tb  Beaverdam Sand
                                                                   &-/JL,,./ /i
                                                            \     /  ^i ซ*"ง!'yซ  VsC-T^
                                                 US 113 PLANNING  STUDY
                                                    Geologic  Map
                                                  SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                                                         Figure
                                                                         III-7C

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                                   BISHOPVILLE
                                      3 Qo Omar Formation
                                        Ql  Ironshire Formation
                                        Qp Parsonsburg Sand
                                        Qk Kent Island Formation
                                        Gal Alluvium
                                        Tb Beaverdam Sand
                                                  1000 2000 3000 4O
                                                  ฃ•••=•
                                                  SCALE IN FEET
\.fRIENDSHIP
I  \._
                                  US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                   Geologic  Map
                                   NORTHERN STUDY AREA

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US 113 Planning Study
      The Kent Island Formation consists of interstratified clay, silt and sand  and is most
      widespread in the Pocomoke River Valley. This formation ranges in thickness from less than
      three feet to in excess of 40 feet.  Alluvial soils are encountered generally along stream
      crossings and consist of sand, gravelly sand and clayey swamp deposits. These deposits are
      loosely consolidated and range in thickness from approximately three to six feet (Maryland
      Geologic Survey, 1978).

      Within the project study areas, the Tertiary deposits underlying the Quaternary deposits
      consist of the Beaverdam Sand and Yorktown-Cohansey (?) Formations. The Beaverdam
      sand deposits of the Pliocene Age consist of sand and silty sand interbedded with gravelly
      sand and clay-silt and are exposed at the northern portion of the study area at deep channels.
      This formation is thickest north of Ocean City, Maryland where it is more than 100 feet thick
      (Maryland Geologic Survey, 1978).

      The Yorktown-Cohansey (?) Formation of the Miocene Age in the Tertiary Period underlies
      the Beaverdam Sand and is not exposed at the surface. These sediments are predominantly
      interbedded clay-silt and sand or gravelly sand (Maryland Geologic Survey, 1978).
      3.
Soils
      Based upon the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Soil Survey for Worcester County,
      Maryland, 1973, the soils encountered along the project alignment consist of sandy loam and
      silt loam underlain by loamy sand or sand.  These soils are classified into soil series
      according to similar soil profiles  as determined by the Soil  Survey.  The soil series
      encountered along the majority of the project alignment are  the Othello, Fallsington,
      Woodstown, Sassafras, Mattapex,  Matapeake and Pocomoke series.  Other soils series
      encountered are the Fort Mott, Lakeland, Klej, Portsmouth and Plummer series (SCS, 1973).

      A  brief description of the common soil  series encountered within the study areas are
      contained in Table HI-12. The soil series have been grouped into soil associations based on
      similar soil forming processes and geographic setting. These associations are shown on
      Figures HI-8A through 8D.
                                        111-26

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US 113 Planning Study
           Table 111-12:   Description of Common Soil Series in the Study Area
Soil Series ;?
Othello Series
Fallsington Series
Woodstown Series
Sassafras Series
Mattapex Series
Matapeake Series
Pocomoke Series
'^&^^^^^^^^.^lAxli6^m-:':'::''^ • :'V;x..'.-?C'.:;i •;>,'..:
Nearly level, poorly drained silt loam
Nearly level, poorly drained sandy loam to loam
Gently sloping, moderately well drained sandy loam to loam
Level to steep, well drained sandy loam to loam
Gently sloping, moderately well drained sandy loam to loam
Level to steep, well drained sandy loam
Nearly level, poorly drained sandy loam to loam
       The characteristics of each of the soil series have been evaluated for the suitability of the
       soils for engineering projects. The properties of soils important for design and construction
       include  permeability,  compactibility,  drainage   and   shrink-swell  potential.  Other
       considerations are topography, natural drainage, depth to ground water and hazard of
       flooding (SCS, 1973).

       The estimated permeability of the soils encountered along the project ranges from low to
       high. The Othello, Fallsington and Mattapex series contain soils with permeabilities as low
       as 0.2 inches per hour. Soils encountered in all of the series within the study area are
       estimated to have permeabilities as high as 6.3 inches per hour. The soils range from poorly
       drained to well drained and have little potential for shrink-swell. Most of the soils, however,
       are severely affected by frost action.  Soils in each of the soil  series  are affected by a
       seasonable high water level with the water table near ground surface (SCS, 1973).

       Representative soils have been tested by the SCS  to determine maximum soil density.
       Maximum dry densities of the soils in the soil series encountered within the study area vary
       from 90 to 125 pounds per cubic foot with optimum moisture contents ranging from 7 to 18
       percent. The compaction standard to which the test results conform was not stated by the
       Survey. Soil density testing for soils within the study area should be performed at locations
       of proposed roadways, pipelines, and embankments to verify published information (SCS,
       1973).

       Soils encountered along the project alignment have been evaluated for pipeline, roadway, and
       embankment constructability. The Othello soils provide poor stability for pipeline, roadway,
       and embankment construction. These soils are highly erodible and are susceptible to severe
       frost action. The ground water table is encountered at or near ground surface (SCS, 1973).
                                         7/7-27

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                                                            US 113 PLANNING  STUDY
      Fallsington-Woodstown-Sassafras Association
      Mattapex-Matapeake-Portsmouth Association
      OtheHo-FallsIngton-Portsmouth Association
'V,-s1  Pokomoke-Rufledge-Plummer Association
      Muck Association
      Lakeland-Klel-Plummer Association
Soil Associations
SOUTHERN STUDY AREA

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 Legend

3 Falblngton-Woodstown-Sassafras Association
3 Mattapax-Matapaake-Portsmouth Association
3 OthaHo-FaJsJngton-Portsmouth Association
3 Pokomoke-Ruaedge-Plummer Association
3 Muck Association
0 LaKeland-Ktej-Plummer Association
                                     KEY MAP
    US 113  PLANNING  STUDY
    Soil Associations
    SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
Itoyteid
SttttHlghwty
April 1997
Figi
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 ••! * -I  Fallsington-WoQdstQwn-Sassafras Association
•••••• ซ    Mattapex-Matapeake-Portsmouth Association
      Othello-Fallsington-Portsmouth Association
      Pokomoke-RutSadge-Plummer Association
 .-'<>3  Muck Association
U III  Lakeland-Klej-Plummer Association
                                                             US 113 PLANNING  STUDY
                                                              Soil Associations
                                                             SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                                         Umytond
                                                         St*ttHghw*r
                                                         AdmlnMntion
Rgure
III-8C

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Study'  UrnKf™
                                               ' ..=. •ซ• .1  Fallslngton-Woodstown-Sassafras Assoc
                                                     Mattapex-Matapeake-Portsmouth Associ
                                                     Othelto-Fallsington-Portsmouth Assoclati
                                                     Pokomoke-Rutledge-Plummer Associate
                                                     Muck Association
                                                     Lakeland-WeJ-Plummer Association
                          SHINGLE UNDINQ
                                  vSv  .
                                  ^r
                                  SHOWELL
                                                 US 113  PLANNING  STUDY
                                                  Soil Associations
                                                  NORTHERN STUDY AREA

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US 113 Planning Study
       The Mattapex and Pocomoke soils provide fair stability for construction.  Ground water is
       high and the soils are susceptible to severe frost action. The Mattapex soils are highly
       erodible while the Pocomoke soils are moderately erodible (SCS, 1973).

       The Fallsington and Matapeake soils provide fair to good stability for construction.  The
       Fallsington soils contain a high water table where the Matapeake soils encounter water at
       more than five feet in depth.  Soils in each of these series are susceptible to severe frost
       action and are moderately erodible (SCS, 1973).

       The  Sassafras and Woodstown soils provide good stability for pipeline, roadway, and
       embankment construction. The Woodstown soils have a high water table and are susceptible
       to severe frost action.  The Sassafras soils encounter water at more than five feet in depth and
       are subject to moderate frost action.  Soils in each of these series are  moderately erodible
       (SCS, 1973).

D.     Farmlands

Farmland is the dominant land use adjacent to US 113 in the study area. In Worcester County, farms
are located throughout the project corridor with cultivated fields and chicken houses as the dominant
agricultural features. Poultry processing and feed mill operations are located in Bishop, Showell,
Berlin and Snow Hill. Figures IH-3A through 3D shows the agricultural land use within the study
area. The crops that are mostly grown in the study area are corn, soybeans, barley and wheat
according to the Worcester County USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).

The NRCS, formerly the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) located in Snow Hill was contacted to
obtain information regarding prime farmland soils and farmland soils of statewide importance.
Listings of these soils were received, reviewed, and coordinated with maps in the Soil Survey of
Worcester County, dated May 1973. The prime farmland soils and soils of statewide importance are
shown in Tables 10-13 and HI-14, respectively, as well as in Appendix B. Figures III-9A through
9D show the distribution of the prime and statewide important farmland soils in the southern and
northern study areas.
                                          111-28

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US 113 Planning Study
                       Table ni-13:   Prime Farmland Soils
^^— ^^— — • "•"•' -- •1*f=g
MdA
MdB
MeA
MeB
MoA
MoB
MpA
MpB
MtA
MtB
SmA
SmB2
SaA
SaB2
WoA
WoB
WdA
WdB

Matapeake fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Matapeake fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes
Matapeake silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Matapeake silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes
Mattapex fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Mattapex fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes
Mattapex loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Mattapex loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes
Mattapex silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Mattapex silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes
Sassafras loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Sassafras loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes moderately eroded
Sassafras sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Sassafras, sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes moderately eroded
Woodstown loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Woodstown loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes
Woodstown sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Woodstown sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes
                                       7/7-29

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 'V   *•*ปป> N| / if' I    i


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                                      US 113 IMPROVEMENTS STUDY
                                       Prime and Statewide
                                    Important Farmland Soils
                                        SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
Prime Farmland Soils
Statewide Important Farmland Soils

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                                                       0 100^000 3000 4

                                                         SCALE IN FEET
                                        US 113 IMPROVEMENTS STUDY
                                          Prime and Statewide
                                       Important Farmland Soil
                                           SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
Prime Farmland Sols
Statewide Important Farmland Soils
Utrrttnd
SttttHlglnny
MaOnMnOan

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                                           IMPROVEMENTS STUDY
                                       Prime and Statewide
                                    Important Farmland
                                        SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
Prime Farmland Soils
Statewide Important Farmland Soils
Figure
III-9C

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                                         RPi AWARE SUSSEX coomv
                                         MARYLAND
                                          BISHOPVILUE
                                    4,  )V
                                     US 113 IMPROVEMENTS STUDY
                                       Prime and Statewide
                                    Important Farmland Soil
                                        NORTHERN STUDY AREA
Prime Farmland Soils
Statewide Important Farmland Soils

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US 113 Planning Study
                      Table 111-14:   Soils of Statewide Importance
Soil Survey Symbol
Fg
Fa
FmA
FmB
KsA
KsB
LmB
LIB
LoB
MdC
MeC
Ot
Pm
Pk
Pr
Pt
SaC2
St
Su
•:' '-•• 7 ''•''.'•/ r:- .:O;/-C /';'/:-S6fl:Nam* "••:v:;';.'"^r''-'' ' •:.'.' :- ---: .••
Fallsington loam
Fallsington sandy loam
Fort Mott loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Fort Mott loamy sand, 2 to 5 percent slopes
Klej loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Klej loamy sand, 2 to 5 percent slopes
Lakeland loamy sand, clayey substratum, 0 to 5 percent slopes
Lakeland sand, clayey substratum, 0 to 5 percent slopes
Lakeland-Fort Mott loamy sands, 0 to 5 percent slopes
Matapeake fine sandy loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes
Matapeake silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes
Othello silt loam
Pocomoke loam drained
Pocomoke sandy loam, drained
Portsmouth sandy loam
Portsmouth silt loam
Sassafras sandy loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, moderately eroded
St. Johns loamy sandy
St. Johns mucky loamy sand
The Farmland Protection Policy Act (FPPA), as amended in 1984 and 1994, includes new criteria
defining the situations to which the FPPA applies and to which a Form AD-1006 is required. Under
this legislation, Federal programs are administered in compatibility with state and local government,
and private programs and policies to protect farmland. Under this legislation, farmland is defined
by the NRCS in Worcester County as Prime Farmland Soils and Soils of Statewide Importance
(NRCS, 1996). The criteria for these designations are related to soil characteristics such as texture,
credibility, depth to water table, slope, and available moisture.
                                        7/7-30

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           US 113 Planning Study
           The prime farmland soils in the study areas both north and south of Berlin have been categorized by
           the SCS as being in Capability Class I. Class I soils have few limitations that restrict their use, as
           they are well drained, occurring on nearly level uplands. Soils of statewide importance in the study
           areas include soils in Capability Classes H, m and V.  The Class n and m soils have moderate to
           severe limitations, such as erosion and variable hydrology, that reduce the choice of plants and
           require moderate or special conservation practices.  The Class V soils have hydrology limitations
           impractical to remove that prohibit uses other than pasture, range, woodland or wildlife habitats.

           The most prevalent soils within the southern section of the study area are of the Othello-Fallsington-
           Portsmouth association with minor areas of the Fallsington-Woodstown-Sassafras and Mattapex-
           Matapeake-Othello associations.  Soils in these associations vary, occurring on level to steeply
           sloping areas and are well-drained to poorly and very poorly drained and have subsoil  layers
           dominantly of sandy clay loam or silty clay loam (SCS, 1973).  Approximately 60 percent of these
           soils are actively being farmed at this time, while the remaining 40 percent occur as forested areas.

           The most prevalent soils within the study area north  of Berlin, Maryland  are of the Fallsington-
           Woodstown-Sassafras association. Soils in this association are generally poorly drained to well-
           drained occurring respectively on level terrain to steeper slopes. These soils have a dominant subsoil
           consisting of sandy clay loam ( SCS, 1973).  Approximately 56 percent of these soils are actively
           being farmed.

           E.    Ground Water Resources

           The project alignment lies within the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province where abundant water
           is available from water-bearing beds in the uppermost 500 feet of sedimentary deposits. Ground
           water occurs in 14 aquifers ranging from shallow to more  than 7,700 feet below ground surface.
           Water in shallow  wells is obtained from sediment of the Pleistocene and Pliocene ages while water
           for principal areas is obtained from the Pocomoke and Manokin aquifers contained in the Yorktown-
           Cohansey (?) Formation (Maryland Department of Geology, Mining, and Water Resources,  1955).

           The majority of ground water comes from precipitation that filters through the soil or water that
           seeps in from streams. The low relief of the Coastal Plain and the permeability of the soils aid the
           retention and infiltration of water to recharge aquifers. Aquifers within this region are generally
           saturated by recharge for precipitation.  It is estimated that  360 million gallons per day of water is
           available from water-bearing beds within the uppermost 500 feet of sedimentary deposits (Maryland
           Department of Geology, Mining and Water Resources, 1955).  An abundant ground water supply is
           available for development within the project area.

           Worcester County depends on surface water for its water supply. Residences and businesses in the
           northern and the southern study areas operate on well systems for their water supply and septic tanks
           for their waste management. Because of high recharge rates in the area and large water holding
           capacity of the unconsolidated sediments, wells that yield moderate to large quantities  of water can
           be constructed almost anywhere in the region (Heath, 1984).
                                                      111-31
•tr

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US 113 Planning Study
F.
Surface Water Resources
Surface waters within the study area are comprised of ponds, streams, rivers and wetlands and are
considered Waters of the US and waters of the State, including jurisdictional wetlands.  Wetlands
are discussed in detail in Section ffl-H. The study area lies within portions of the Pocomoke River
and Atlantic Coastal drainage divide.  Figures HI-10A through 10D show the location of these
surface water features and the drainage divide.
       1.
       Streams and Rivers
       All the streams and rivers within the study areas are classified by the Maryland Department
       of the Environment (MDE) as Use I, which indicates that the designated uses include Water
       Contact Recreation and Protection of Aquatic Life. Streams within the Pocomoke River
       drainage of the southern study area include: Purnell Branch and its tributaries Pattys Branch
       and Campground Branch, Poorhouse Branch, Fivemile Branch, and a small tributary of
       Coonfoot Branch.  Streams within the Atlantic Ocean Coastal drainage of the southern study
       area include: Marshall Creek and two small tributaries, Massey Branch, Porter Creek, Goody
       Hill Branch, the headwaters of Catbird Creek and Poplartown Branch and a tributary. In the
       northern study area, Crippen Branch, Church Branch, Middle  Branch, Birch Branch and
       Carey Branch of the Atlantic Ocean Coastal drainage are encountered.

       The streams throughout both study  areas vary in width from approximately 5 feet up to
       approximately 70 feet and in depth from approximately 8 inches to greater than 6 feet.
       Review  of respective United States Geologic Survey (USGS) maps indicates that most
       tributaries are probably generated by ground water discharge and surface water run-off from
       surrounding upland areas.  The majority of the streams and river channels are unvegetated.
       Besides ponds, these tributaries  also provide aquatic habitat and drinking water for both
       mammal and bird species. The sizeable  freshwater tributaries also provide excellent
       spawning environments for fish species indigenous to the Pocomoke River, the Atlantic
       Coast and the inner bays.  A discussion of the aquatic and wetland habitat features within the
       study areas is included in Section DI-L

       The functions provided by these streams and rivers include production export and nutrient
       removal/transformation.

       Figures  IE-IDA through 10D show the Pocomoke River and  Atlantic Coastal Drainage
       Divide and major streams.

       2.    Lakes and Ponds

       Approximately 14 acres of ponds were observed within 400 feet of the project study areas
       on both the east and west sides of US 113.
                                         7/7-32

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          US 113 Planning Study
                 These elements occur as inundated borrow pits, stormwater management facilities and
                 possibly as spring-fed ponds, varying in depth from approximately 3 feet to greater than 6
                 feet.  Many of these ponds are bordered with areas of vegetation tolerant of frequent soil
                 saturation or  continued inundation. (NOTE: There  are no natural ponds  or lakes in
                 Maryland.).

                 These water resources serve as habitats for plant and animal species which require such
                 conditions and as a water source for animals which may frequent the adjacent forested and
                 old field habitats.

                 3.     Wild and Scenic Rivers

                 The Maryland DNR's Wild and Scenic Rivers program was developed to protect the scenic,
                 recreational, and aquatic habitat values of the state's wild and scenic rivers. Rivers under
                 this program are protected from development which would diminish the character of the
                 resource.  The Pocomoke River was Maryland's first state designated wild and scenic river
                 (DNR, 1996). The river is located to the west of US  113 roughly parallel to the roadway
                 alignment.

                 The Pocomoke originates in southern Delaware in the Great Cypress Swamp and empties
                 into the Pocomoke Sound of the Chesapeake Bay. The total length of the river is 73 miles,
                 55 miles of which are in Maryland.  Near Snow Hill, the river is approximately 400 feet wide
                  and ranges in depth form 7 to 25 feet, averaging about 15 feet deep (Worcester County
                 Tourism, undated).

                  The river has a rich and varied history. It was an important source of food and transportation
                  for the Algonquin tribes in the area in pre-colonial times.  Throughout the late 1700's and
                  1800's shipbuilding, brick manufacturing, iron smelting (from local bog ore deposits) and the
                  shipping of tobacco and lumber flourished. A number of historic sites are located in the
                  vicinity (Worcester County Tourism, undated).

                  The Pocomoke River is also home to a wide variety of plant  and animal life. More than 240
                  species of animals have been seen in the forests and  wetlands bordering the river.  Some
                  ornithologists describe the area as one of the Atlantic Coast's best environments for bird life.
                  Because of the brackish tidal waters, the Pocomoke holds both saltwater and freshwater fish
                  species. At least 72 families of plants have been identified in the wetlands of the Pocomoke
                  River including some of the northern most stands of bald cypress.

                  Recreational activities on or near the Pocomoke River include picnicking, hiking, bicycling,
                  camping, bird watching,  hunting, canoeing, river cruising, and  fishing.  Facilities are
                  available at the nearby Pocomoke River State Forest and Park. A number of annual events
                  including festivals, fairs, and parades are also held in the area.
                                                     7/7-33
'7*

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US 113 PLANNING STUDY
Major Streams and
 Drainage Divides
SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                    Figure
                    III-10A
Jteytexf
SttttHlghwty
Admlnktntton

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                N
           0 1000 2000 3000 '
             [•••CZ^H
             SCALE IN FEET
US 113 PLANNING STUDY
Major Streams and
 Drainage Divides
SOUTHERN STUDY AREA

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US 113 PLANNING STUDY
Major Streams and
 Drainage Divides
SOUTHERN STUDY AREA

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   US 113 PLANNING STUDY
   Major Streams and
    Drainage Divides
   NORTHERN STUDY AREA
Mvydmf
StttปHIghw*y
Admlnlttntton

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US 113 Planning Study
G.     Floodplain
       1.     Existing Floodplain Studies

       The 100-year floodplain limits have been identified and delineated based on mapping
       provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).  Within the study area,
       100-year floodplains are associated with numerous tributaries draining into the Pocomoke
       River, Newport Bay, and Assawoman Bay. The tributaries and their associated floodplains
       are shown on Figures IE-11A through 1 ID and on the alternatives mapping in Appendix A.

       Within the southern study area, 100-year floodplains are associated with Purnell Branch and
       its tributaries Pattys Branch and Campground Branch, Poorhouse Branch, Five Mile Branch,
       Coonfoot Branch, Massey Branch, Goody Hill Branch, and Poplartown Branch and its
       tributaries.  In the northern study area, Crippen Branch, Church Branch, Middle Branch,
       Birch Branch and Carey Branch each have associated 100-year floodplains.

       2.     Existing Floodplain Conditions

       The 100-year floodplains  associated with Purnell, Pattys and Campground Branches  are
       generally wooded with extensive wetlands. No improved properties or structures are located
       in the limits of the floodplains within the southern study area. The  100-year floodplain of
       Poorhouse Branch within the southern study area includes farm fields, some wetlands and
       an improved property with three buildings. The 100-year floodplain of Five Mile Branch
       within the southern study area includes farm fields and wetlands but no improved properties.
       An improved property with three chicken  houses is located within the 100-year floodplain
       of Coonfoot Branch in the southern study area.  The 100-year floodplain associated with
       Massy Branch in the southern study area is generally forested with extensive wetlands.

       At Goody Hill Branch, the 100-year floodplain within the southern  study area is generally
       forested with extensive wetlands, however, an improved property with two chicken houses
       is also present. The 100-year floodplain of Poplartown Branch and its tributaries within  the
       southern study area is generally forested and contains wetlands but no improved properties.

       The 100-year floodplain of Crippen Branch in the northern study area includes farm fields
       as well as several improved properties including six structures. The 100-year floodplains
       associated with Church, Middle, Birch and Carey Branches are generally forested and contain
       extensive wetlands but no improved properties.
                                         111-34
                                                                                               A

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US 113 Planning Study
H.     Wetlands
       1.     Methodology

       Wetlands were identified in accordance with the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation
       Manual.  (Environmental  laboratory.  Technical Report Y-87-1 (ACOE,  1987),  and
       supplemental guidance papers issued by the Corps of Engineers.  This method requires
       positive identification of three wetland parameters under normal circumstances:  hydrophytic
       vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology.

       Wetlands in the study area were classified according to the Cowardin System, as described
       in A Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin,
       et.al, 1979). The wetland indicator status of the observed vegetation was determined using
       the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: Maryland (U.S. Fish and Wildlife
       Service, 1988).

       Prior to the field investigation, possible wetland areas were located using preliminary
       wetland mapping completed during previous planning studies for the project; National
       Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps prepared by the US Fish and Wildlife Service; Maryland
       Nontidal Wetland Guidance Maps; Soil Survey maps for Worcester County; and, topographic
       maps (at a scale of 1" = 200')- Potential wetlands were identified in areas with hydric soils,
       along drainage ways, and in topographic lows.

       The field investigation for the project was conducted in July and September, 1996 to identify
       and delineate the boundaries of wetlands in the study area.  The limit of wetlands was
       flagged in the field with pink survey ribbon labeled as "SHA Wetland" for verification by
       the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and survey by SHA. Field work for the Jurisdiction^
       Determination by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was completed in March, 1997.

       The approximate location of farmed wetlands in the study area have been identified through
       consultation with NRCS staff in Snow Hill, MD, review of aerial photography on file at the
       NRCS office, and preliminary field reconnaissance.  Farmed wetlands were not flagged or
       surveyed for this DEIS, but will be surveyed for the FEIS.

       2.    Identification and Delineation

       Observations of vegetation, soils, and hydrologic were made in wetland and upland locations
       to characterize the study area and to verify wetland boundaries. The field data from 65 of
       these observation points  are  documented  on the  data sheets provided in the Natural
       Environment Technical Report.

        Approximately forty-two (42)  wetland areas have been delineated in the project area. The
        location of each of these wetlands is identified on Figures UI-12A through 12D and on the
        alternatives mapping in Appendix A. Wetlands located west of the Pocomoke River/Atlantic


                                          7/7-35

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                STATE
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Source: FEMA Rood Insurance Rate Maps
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                              KEY MAP
                         US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                        100-Year Floodplains


                         SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                                       April 1997
Figure
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 US 113 PLANNING STUDY
100-Year Floodplams
 SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
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                                                   PLANNING STUDY
                                           100-Year Floodplains
                                             SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
Source: FEMA Flood .Insurance Rate Maps
                                                                  Figure
                                                                  111-11C

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StudyUmltfr if
                                             PLANNING STUDY
                                      100-Year Floodplains
                                       NORTHERN STUDY AREA
Legend
Sourc*: FEMA Rood Insurance Rate Maps

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             '<-. STATE
Legend
      Wetland Location and Number
       FOREST
              \
                              KEY MAP
US 113 PLANNING STUDY
Wetland Locations

SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                          AdmlnMnOon
         April 1997
Rgure
IH-12A
                                                                           'It

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      PLANNING STUDY
Wetland Locations
SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
Legend
W-1 >   Wetland Location and Number

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                               1RONSHIR
                                         PLANNING STUDY
                                   Wetland Locations
                                    SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
Wetland Location and Number


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                                                      BISHQPVILLE
                                                             PLANNING STUDY
Kltryttnd
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WeHand Location and Number

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US 113 Planning Study
       Ocean Coastal Drainage divide (Wetlands 1 through 10) are part of the Pocomoke River
       Drainage system.  Those wetlands located east of the drainage divide (Wetlands 11 through
       40) are part of the Atlantic Ocean Coastal drainage system.  The location of the drainage
       divide is shown on Figures ffl-lOA through 10D. A description of each delineated wetland
       is provided below. A discussion of the aquatic and wetland habitat features within the study
       areas is included in Section ffl-I. Information for each of the wetlands is provided on Table
       HI-IS. The majority of the wetlands are forested and are associated with the floodplains of
       numerous streams that flow through the project area.  Other wetlands are associated with
       broad,  upland  flats  and  depressions that have poor surface drainage.   Most  of  the
       depressional and upland flat wetlands are located in the northern study area and have been
       altered by previous logging and farming activities (Schockley, 1997).

       Wetland  1 is associated  with a narrow  drainage swale that has recently been logged.
       Drainage  from the wetland flows into a  culvert which carries runoff from surrounding
       agricultural land under US  113. The wetland is on either side of US 113, approximately 350-
       feet north  of Castle Hill Road. The ditched portion of the wetland may have originally been
       part of a natural tributary to Hardship Branch. The area is classified as a palustrine emergent
       wetland with a seasonal saturated water regime (PEM1E).  The principal wetland function
       associated with the wetland is wildlife habitat.

       The  wetland was inundated to a depth of 80-inches at  the time of the field visit, and
       sediment deposits and water stained leaves were observed.  Soils within the wetland are
       mapped as Fallsington sandy loam which is listed as a hydric soil in Maryland. Soil samples
       showed signs of past disturbance from road construction and ditching.  The matrix of the
       samples was bright (2.5Y5/3), however, mottles were present (10YR5/6) and a sulfidic odor
       was noted. Dominant vegetation in the wetland includes Eleocharis sp. (spikerush), Cinna
       arundinacea (wood reed), Carex lurida (lurid sedge), Alisma plantago-aquatica (water
       plantain),  and Juncus effusus (soft rush).

       Wetland 2 is located on both sides of US 113, approximately 1,300-feet south of Snow Hill
       Road and is associated with a broad drainage swale. The northeast corner of the wetland is
       farmed, however, the majority of the area is classified as a palustrine forested wetland with
       a saturated water regime (PFO1B). The soils within the wetland were saturated at a depth
       of 4-inches below the ground surface at the time of the field visit. Water marks, sediment
       deposits, drainage patterns and water stained leaves were also observed.  The principal
       wetland functions associated with W-2 are groundwater recharge/discharge, sediment/
       toxicant retention, nutrient removal, and wildlife habitat.

       The soils within the wetland are mapped as Othello silt loam which is listed as a hydric soil
       in Maryland. Soil samples were gleyed (2.5Y5/1) and mottled (10YR5/8). Acer rubrum (red
       maple) and Liquidambarstyracifl.ua (sweet gum) are the dominant species in the canopy of
       the forested wetland. The shrub layer is dominated by Clethra alnifolia (coast pepperbush),
       Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry), Viburnum dentatum (arrowwood), and Myrica
       cerifera (bayberry). Cinna  arundinacea (wood reed) is the dominant herbaceous species.
                                        7/7-36

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US 113 Planning Sfttrfy
       Wetland 3 is located in a narrow ditch on either side of US 113, approximately 400-feet
       south of Snow Hill Road. It appears that the area was originally a natural tributary to Patty's
       Branch which was ditched for agricultural purposes. The area is classified as a palustrine
       emergent wetland with a saturated water regime (production exportMlB) on the east side of
       US 113, and a palustrine forested wetland with a seasonal water regime (PFO1C) on the west
       side of the highway.  The principal function associated with the wetland is wildlife habitat.

       At the time of the field visit, the wetland  was inundated to a depth of 2-inches. Sediment
       deposits and drainage patterns were also noted.  Soils within the wetland are mapped as
       Woodstown sandy loam which is generally found in uplands, however, the map type was not
       confirmed in the field.  Soil samples were gleyed (10YR6/1) and mottled (7.5YR5/8) and
       were characteristic of a hydric soil. The forested portion of the wetland is dominated by Acer
       rubrum (red maple) and Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum).  The emergent wetland is
       dominated by Salix nigra (black willow), Juncus effusus (soft rush), Scirpus atrovirens
       (green bulrush), and Eleocharis sp. (spikerush species).

       Wetland 4 is located east of US 113 and adjacent to the south side of Brick Kiln Road. The
       wetland appears to have formed due to a long-term blockage in a drainage ditch which carries
       surface runoff from the roadways. The area is classified as palustrine forested wetland with
       a seasonal saturated water regime (PFO1E).  At the time of the field visit, the wetland was
       inundated to a depth of 6-inches and water marks were observed.

       Soils in  the area are mapped as Sassafras which is a well-drained soil, however, the
       long-term impoundment of water in the area has altered drainage patterns enough that it is
       likely that hydric characteristics have developed or will develop over time. No soil samples
       were taken due to the degree of inundation within the wetland. Dominant vegetation in the
       wetland  includes Quercus phellos (willow oak), Acer rubrum (red maple), Liquidambar
       styraciflua (sweet gum), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) and Nyssa sylvatica (black gum) in the
       canopy and Clethra alnifolia (coast pepperbush) in the shrub layer. The herbaceous layer
       was sparse, most likely due to long-term  inundation.

      ' Wetland 5 is located on the west side of US 113, approximately 1,650-feet north of
       Washington Street.  The portion of the wetland adjacent to the roadway, within a powerline
       right-of-way, has been mowed. The area is classified as both a palustrine emergent and a
       palustrine scrub-shrub wetland with  a saturated water regime (PEM/PSS1B). Scattered
       pockets within the wetland were inundated to a depth of 0 to 3-inches at the time of the field
       visit, however, the majority of the wetland was saturated at a depth of 6-inches below the
       ground  surface. The principal  functions and values associated  with the wetland are
       groundwater recharge/ discharge and wildlife habitat.

       Soils within the wetland are mapped as Fallsington sandy loam which is listed as a hydric
       soil in Maryland.  Soil samples were gleyed (2.5Y5/1).  Dominant vegetation within the
       wetland includes Ilex glabra (inkberry) and Acer rubrum (red maple) in the shrub layer and
                                          7/7-37

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US 113 Planning Study
       Dicanthelium acuminatum (panic grass), Scripus atrovirens (green bulrush), Rhexia mariana
       (Maryland meadow beauty), Carex sp. (sedge species), and Hypericum sp. (St Johnswort
       species) in the herbaceous layer.

       Wetland 5A is located on the west side of US 113, approximately 1,000-feet south of Public
       Landing Road.  The wetland appears to have formed in an excavated area, possible created
       as a borrow pit for the original construction of US 113. The wetland does not appear to have
       a direct hydrologic connection by way of surface waters. The area consists of palustrine
       emergent wetlands along  the edge of right-of-way, with palustrine scrub/shrub wetlands
       within the interior of the wetland. Principal functions and values associated with the wetland
       are groundwater recharge/discharge and wildlife habitat.

       Soils within  the wetland are mapped as Fallsington sandy loam which is listed as a hydric
       soil in Maryland. Dominant vegetation includes Baccharis halimifolia (groundsel tree),
       Phagmites australis (common reed), Dichanthelium acuminatum (panic grass), Pinus taeda
       (loblolly pine), Juncus effusus (soft rush), and Smilax rotundifolia (common greenbriar).

       Wetland 6 is located directly adjacent to the west side of US 113, just north of Public
       Landing Road.  The wetland has formed in the upper edge of the Patty's Branch floodplain
       which has been bisected by the roadway. Consequently, the wetland is confined on the west
       by the natural floodplain slope and on the east by the berm of US 113. The wetland flows
       northward in a ditch and is connected to the main floodplain of Patty's Branch (Wetland 7)
       through a  culvert beneath the roadway. The area  is classified primarily  as a palustrine
       forested wetland with a ten-foot wide palustrine emergent wetland along the road ditch
       (PFO/PEM1B).  Principal wetland functions and values associated with the wetland are
       groundwater recharge/discharge, floodplain alteration, sediment/toxicant retention, nutrient
       removal,  production export,  wildlife habitat, uniqueness/habitat, and  visual quality/
       aesthetics.

       At the time of the field visit, the wetland was inundated to a depth of 2 to 6-inches. Other
       hydrologic indicators noted include water marks, sediment deposits, drainage patterns, and
       water stained leaves. Soils in the area are mapped as Fallsington sandy loam which is listed
       as a hydric soil.  Soil samples were gleyed (10YR3/1). The dominant vegetation in the
       canopy of the forested wetland is Acer rubrum (red maple), while the understory and shrub
       layer is dominated by Magnolia virginiana (sweetbay) and Viburnum dentation (arrowwood).
       The emergent portion of the wetland is dominated by Typha latifolia (common cattail),
       Saururus cernuus (lizards tail), Carex crinita (fringed sedge), Angelica aropurpurea (great
       angelica),  Onoclea sensibilis  (sensitive fern),  Pontederia cordata (pickerel weed), and
       Nuphar luteum (spatterdock).

       Wetland 7 has formed in the floodplain of Party's Branch which parallels the east side of US
       113 in the vicinity of Public Landing Road.  The portion of the floodplain designated as
       Wetland 7 begins approximately 150-feet north of Public Landing Road and extends
       northward for a distance of approximately 1,400-feet. The area is classified primarily as a
                                         7/7-35

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US 113 Planning Study
       palustrine forested wetland with a ten-foot wide palustrine emergent wetland along the road
       ditch (PFO/PEM1B). Principal wetland functions and values associated with the wetland are
       groundwater recharge/discharge, floodplain alteration, sediment/toxicant retention, nutrient
       removal, production export, wildlife habitat, uniqueness/habitat, and  visual quality/
       aesthetics.

       The wetland was inundated and water depths ranged from 0 to 4 inches.  Other hydrologic
       indicators noted include water marks, drift lines, and sediment deposits.  Soils in the
       floodplain are mapped as Fallsington sandy loam and Mixed Alluvium.  Soil samples were
       black and mucky and had a sulfidic odor.  Dominant vegetation in the forested portions of
       the wetland includes Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet
       gum), Acer rubrum (red maple) in the canopy, Alnus serrulata (alder) in the shrub layer, and
       Saururus cernuus (lizards tail) in the herbaceous layer. The emergent portions of the wetland
       are dominated by Salix nigra (black willow), Boehmeria cylindrica (false nettle), Nuphar
       luteum (spatterdock), Cephalanthus occidentalis (buttonbush), and Sambucus canadensis
       (elderberry).

       Wetland 8 is located on either side of US  113 within the floodplain of Purnell Branch,
       approximately 400-feet south of where the  Maryland and Delaware Railroad crosses the
       roadway.  Pumell Branch is joined by Patty's Branch just to the east (upstream) of the US
       113 crossing over the waterway.  The wetland is classified as a palustrine forested wetland
       with a seasonal saturated water regime (PFO2/1E).  The wetland is of particular note because
       it is dominated by bald cypress. Bald cypress swamps are relatively unusual in Maryland,
       although they are most common on the eastern shore. Principal wetland functions and values
       associated with  the wetland are groundwater recharge/discharge, floodplain alteration,
       sediment/toxicant retention,  nutrient  removal,  production export,  wildlife  habitat,
       uniqueness/habitat, and visual quality/aesthetics.

       The wetland was inundated to a depth of 4-inches throughout the majority of the floodplain.
       Areas that were not inundated were saturated to within 1-inch of the ground surface with free
       water observed in an unlined bore hole at 2-inches below the surface.  Other hydrologic
       indicators include water marks, drainage patterns and water stained leaves.  Soils within the
       wetland are mapped as Fallsington sandy loam and Muck. Samples had a low chroma matrix
       (2.5 Y6/2) and were mottled (7.5YR5/8). Dominant vegetation observed in the forest canopy
       includes Taxodium distichum  (bald cypress), Acer rubrum (red maple) and Liquidambar
       styraciflua (sweet gum).   The shrub layer is dominated by  Clethra  alnifolia (coast
       pepperbush), Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry), Alnus serrulata (alder), and Ilex
       verticillata (winterberry). The dominant herbaceous species are Cinna arundinacea (wood
       reed), Osmunda regalis (royal fern), and Saururus cernnus (lizards tail).

       Wetland 9 is located on either side of US 113 in the floodplain of Poorhouse Branch. The
       stream crosses US 113 approximately 250-feet north of Cedartown Road.  The area  is
       classified as both a palustrine forested and a palustrine emergent wetland with a saturated
       water regime (PFO/PEM1B).  The wetland was inundated and flowing, with water depths

         "                                7/7-39                      ~

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US 113 Planning Study
       ranging from 6 to 12-inches.  Water marks, sediment deposits and drainage patterns were
       also observed. Principal wetland functions and values associated with the wetland are
       sediment/ toxicant retention, nutrient removal, and wildlife habitat.

       Soils within the wetland are mapped as Mixed Alluvium. No samples were taken due to the
       level of inundation. Dominant vegetation in the forested portions of the wetland includes
       Acer rubrum (red maple), and Salix nigra (black willow) in the canopy and Alnus serrulata
       (alder) in the shrub layer. The emergent wetland is dominated by Cephalanthus occidentalis
       (buttonbush),  Impatiens capensis  (jewelweed),  Veronia  noveboracensis (New  York
       ironweed), and Asclepias incarnata (swamp milkweed).

       Wetland 10 is located within the floodplain of Five Mile Branch which crosses US 113
       approximately 850-feet south of Five Mile Branch Road. Five Mile Branch is ditched on the
       west side of the road. Wetland 10 is on the east side of the road where the natural floodplain
       still exists. The area is classified as a palustrine forested wetland with a seasonal saturated
       water regime (PFO1E). The wetland was inundated at the time of the field visit, with water
       depths ranging from 2 to 4 inches.  Principal wetland functions and values associated with
       the wetland are sediment/toxicant retention, nutrient removal, and wildlife habitat.

       Soils within the wetland are mapped as Mixed Alluvium and soil samples were low chroma
       (5 Y3/2).  The dominant woody vegetation within the wetland includes Acer rubrum (red
       maple), Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum) and Nyssa
       sylvatica (black gum) in the canopy, Carpinus carolinana (American hornbeam) in the
       understory and Viburnum dentatum (arrowwood) in the shrub layer. The herbaceous layer
       is dominated by Saururus cernuus ("lizards tail) and Onoclea sensibilis (sensitive fern).

       Wetland 11 is located along the banks and bottom of an unnamed perennial stream which
       crosses US 113 approximately 1,700-feet south of Langmaid Road. The streambank area is
       classified as a palustrine forested wetland with a seasonal saturated water regime (PFO1E).
       The wetland was inundated and water depths ranged from 1 to 4-inches at the time of the
       field visit.  Principal wetland functions  and values associated with the wetland  are
       sediment/toxicant retention, nutrient removal, and wildlife habitat.

       Soils in the wetland are mapped as Fallsington sandy loam which is listed as a hydric soil.
       Soil samples were not taken due to the level of inundation. Dominant vegetative species
       noted include Acer rubrum (red maple) in the canopy, Viburnum dentatum (arrowwood) and
       Lindera benzoin  (spicebush) in the shrub layer and Boehmeria cylindrica (false nettle),
       Impatiens capensis (jewelweed), and Carex sp. (sedge species) in the herbaceous layer.

       Wetland 12 is a large system located on both sides of US 113, approximately 2,500-feet
       south of Newark Road. The south end of the wetland has formed in a broad swale draining
       to Massey Branch, while the north side is located along the main channel of Massey's Branch
       itself. The area is classified as a palustrine forested wetland with a seasonal saturated water
                                         111-40

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US 113 Planning Study
       regime (PFO1E).  Principal wetland functions and values associated with the wetland are
       floodplain alteration, sediment/toxicant retention,  nutrient removal,  production export,
       wildlife habitat, uniqueness/habitat, and visual quality/aesthetics.

       At the time of the field visit, the ground was saturated to the surface.  Soils within the
       wetland are mapped as Portsmouth silt loam and Mixed Alluvium. Portsmouth is listed as
       a hydric  soil in Maryland.  Soil samples were gleyed (7.5YR2/0).  Dominant canopy
       vegetation includes Acer rubrum (red maple) and Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum). The
       dominant understory and shrub species are Lindera benzoin (spice bush), Viburnum dentatum
       (arrowwood), Magnolia virginiana (sweetbay), Ilex opaca (American holly), and Ilex
       verticillata (winterberry).  The herbaceous layer is dominated by  Woodwardia areolata
       (netted chainfern), Saururus cernuus (lizards tail), Onoclea sensibilis (sensitive fem) and
       Pilea pumila (clearweed).

       Wetland 13 is located within the floodplain of Porter Creek which crosses US 1 13 just north
       of Newark Road.  The area is classified as a palustrine forested wetland with a saturated
       water regime (PFO1B).  At the time of the field visit, the wetland was saturated to within 10-
       inches of the ground surface,  with free water observed in an unlined bore hole at 12-inches
       below the surface. Principal wetland functions and values associated with the wetland are
       floodplain alteration, sediment/toxicant retention, nutrient removal, production  export,
       wildlife habitat, uniqueness/habitat, and visual quality/aesthetics.

       Soils within the wetland are mapped as Mixed Alluvium which often contains hydric soils.
       Soil samples were low chroma (2.5Y6/2) and mottled (7.5YR5/8).  Dominant  canopy
       vegetation in the wetland includes Acer rubrum (red maple), Fraxinus pennsylvanica  (green
       ash), Nyssa sylvatica (black gum) and Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum).  The dominant
       understory and shrub  species  are Magnolia virginiana  (sweet bay), Lindera benzoin
       (spicebush) and Clethra alnifolia (coast pepperbush). The herbaceous layer is dominated by
       Symplocarpusfoetidus (skunk cabbage), Saururus cernuus (lizards tail), Impatiens capensis
       (jewelweed), Boehmeria  cylindrica (false nettle),  and Woodwardia areolata  (netted
       chainfern).

       Wetland 14 is located on the east side of US  1 13, approximately 650-feet north of Croppers
       Island Road and directly across from Downes Road.  The wetland has formed  in  a broad
       swale which drains to Goody Hill  Branch.  The area is classified as a palustrine forested
       wetland with a seasonal water regime (PFO1C). At the time of the field visit, the wetland
       was inundated to a  depth of 2-inches, and drainage patterns were observed within the
       wetland.

        Soils are mapped as Pocomoke silt loam which is listed as a hydric soil in Maryland.  Soil
        samples were gleyed (10YR 2/1). Dominant vegetation in the wetland includes Acer rubrum
        (red maple) in the canopy, Ilex opaca (American holly) in the understory and Thelypteris
        noveboracensis (New York fern) and Osmunda cinnamomea (cinnamon fern) in the
        herbaceous layer.
                                          111-41

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US 113 Planning Study
       Wetland 15 is a wetland of special state concern located on the west side of US  113,
       approximately 1,700 feet north of Downes Road. Alnus maritima (seaside alder) is located
       along the road ditch and is listed as a state rare species. The area is classified as a palustrine
       forested wetland with a seasonal water regime (PFO1C). At the time of the field visit, the
       wetland was inundated to a depth of 3-inches and sediment deposits and drainage patterns
       were observed.  Principal wetland functions and values associated with the wetland are
       groundwater recharge/discharge, sediment/toxicant retention, nutrient removal, wildlife
       habitat, and uniqueness/habitat.

       Soils within the wetland are mapped as Fallsington sandy loam which is listed as a hydric
       soil in Maryland. Soil samples were gleyed (10YR4/1) and had a high organic content was
       observed within the top 4-inches.  Dominant vegetation within the canopy of the wetland
       includes Acer rubrum (red maple), and Nyssa sylvatica (black gum). The understory and
       shrub layers are dominated by Magnolia virginiana (sweetbay), Lindera benzoin (spicebush),
       Viburnum  dentatum (arrowwood), and Alnus maritima (seaside alder).   The dominant
       herbaceous species are Woodwardia areolata (netted chainfern) and Boehmeria cylindrica
       (false nettle).

       Wetland 16 is located within the fioodplain of Goody Hill Branch, which crosses US 113
       approximately 2,600-feet north of Downes Road.  The area is classified as a palustrine
       forested wetland with a seasonal water regime (PFO1C). The wetland was inundated at the
       time of the field visit with water depths ranging from 2 to 4-inches.  Drainage patterns were
       also noted.  Principal wetland functions and values associated with the wetland  are
       groundwater recharge/discharge, fioodplain alteration, sediment/toxicant retention, nutrient
       removal, and wildlife habitat.

       Soils are mapped as Mixed Alluvium which often has not had sufficient time to develop
       hydric characteristics. Soil samples, however, were gleyed (10YR4/1). Dominant vegetation
       within the wetland includes Acer rubrum (red maple), Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash)
       and Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum) in the canopy, Viburnum dentatum (arrowwood)
       and Smilax rotundifolia (greenbrier) in the shrub layer and Impatiens capensis (jewelweed),
       Boehmeria cylindrica (false nettle) and Saururus cernuus  (lizards tail) in the herbaceous
       layer.

       Wetland 17 is located in a small depression on the west side of US 113, approximately 750-
       feet north  of Goody Hill  Road. The depression appears to have been created by past
       disturbances caused by the maintenance of a cable right-of-way. The area is classified as a
       palustrine forested wetland with a saturated water regime (PFO1B) and was  inundated to a
       depth of 2 to 6-inches at the time of the field visit  Water marks were also observed.
                                         7/7-42

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US 113 Planning Study
       Soils in the area are mapped as Fallsington silt loam which is listed as a hydric soil in
       Maryland. Soil samples were gleyed (10YR5/1). Dominant vegetation observed includes
       Acer rubrum  (red maple) in the canopy, Viburnum dentatum (arrowwood) and Myrica
       cerifera (bayberry) in the shrub layer, and Carex sp. (sedge species) and Didiplis diandra
       (water purslane) in the herbaceous layer.

       Wetland 18 is located on.both sides of US 113, just south of Bays End Lane. The wetland
       is associated with an unnamed tributary to Catbird Creek and is classified as a palustrine
       forested wetland with a seasonal saturated water regime (PFO1E). The wetland was
       inundated up to a depth of 3-inches in some places. Areas that were not inundated were
       saturated to the  surface and the trunks of the trees within  the wetland were buttressed.
       Principal wetland  functions and values associated with the wetland  are groundwater
       recharge/ discharge, floodplain alteration, sediment/toxicant retention, nutrient removal, and
       wildlife habitat.

       Soils within the wetland are mapped as Mixed Alluvium and soil samples were gleyed
       (7.5YR2/0) and mucky. Dominant vegetation in the wetland canopy includes Acer rubrum
       (red maple), Nyssa sylvatica (black gum), and Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum). The
       dominant understory and shrub species are Ilex opaca (American holly), Magnolia virginiana
       (sweetbay), Viburnum dentatum (arrowwood) and Rhododendron viscosum (swamp azalea).
       Sphagnum moss was the dominant species in the herbaceous layer.

       Wetland 19 is located on the east side of US 113, approximately 450-feet north of Shire
       Drive. The area has been ditched and may now be effectively drained, however,  due to the
       presence of soils  and hydrophytic vegetation, the area was flagged as a wetland. The wetland
       is classified as a palustrine forested wetland with a saturated water regime (PFO1B). At the
       time of the field visit, there was 0 to 4 inches of water in the ditch, however, no other
       hydrologic indicators outside of the ditch were observed.  Principal wetland functions and
       values associated with the wetland are groundwater recharge/discharge, floodplain alteration,
       sediment/toxicant retention, nutrient removal, and wildlife habitat.

       Soils are mapped as Portsmouth silt loam which is listed as a hydric soil. Soil samples were
       black and had a high content of organic matter.  The dominant vegetation in the canopy of
       the wetland is Acer rubrum (red maple) and Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum).  The
       shrub layer is dominated by Alnus serrulata (brookside alder), while Impatiens capensis
       (jewelweed)  and Woodwardia areolata (netted chainfern) are the dominant herbaceous
       species. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia Creeper) is also common.

       Wetland 20 is on the east side of US 113, approximately 700-feet south of Ironshire Station
       Road, and is bisected by a gravel driveway.  The wetland is located in a broad swale which
       drains to an unnamed tributary of Poplartown Branch. It is classified as a palustrine forested
       wetland with a saturated water regime (PFO1B).  The ground surface within the wetland was
       saturated and free water was observed 8-inches below the ground surface in an unlined bore
       hole.
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       Principal wetland functions  and values  associated with the wetland are groundwater
       recharge/discharge, floodplain alteration, sediment/toxicant retention, nutrient removal, and
       wildlife habitat.

       Soils are mapped as Fallsington sandy loam which is listed as a hydric soil. Soil samples
       were gleyed (10YR6/1). Acer rubrum (red maple) is the dominant vegetative specie in the
       wetland canopy while Alnus serrulata (brookside alder) is the dominant shrub specie. It is
       possible that Alnus maritima (seaside alder) was also  present, although this was not
       confirmed.  Dominant herbaceous species include Cinna arundinacea (woodreed) and
       Boehmeria cylindrica (false nettle). Smilax rotundifolia (greenbrier) was also common in
       the wetland.  Principal wetland functions and values associated with the wetland are
       groundwater recharge/discharge, floodplain alteration, sediment/toxicant retention, nutrient
       removal, and wildlife habitat.

       Wetland 21 is on the east side of US  113 and is confined within the Poplartown Branch
       floodplain. The area is approximately 200-feet south of Harrison Road and is classified as
       a palustrine forested wetland with a temporary water regime (PFO1 A). The ground surface
       in the wetland was saturated at the time of the field visit, and free water was observed 3 to
       4 inches below the ground surface in an unlined bore hole.  Principal wetland functions and
       values associated with the wetland are groundwater recharge/discharge, floodplain alteration,
       sediment/toxicant retention, nutrient removal, and wildlife habitat.

       Soils in the wetland  are mapped as Mixed Alluvium, which is typically poorly drained and
       often includes hydric soils.  Samples had a low chroma matrix  (10YR6/2) and were mottled
       (10YR4/4).  Dominant vegetation within the wetland  includes Acer rubrum (red maple) and
       Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum) in the canopy, Viburnum dentatum (arrowwood), Rosa
       multiflora (multiflora rose) and Smilax rotundifolia (greenbrier) in  the shrub layer, and
       Saururus cernuus  (lizards tail)  and  Arisaema triphyttum (jack-in-the-pulpit) in the
       herbaceous layer.

       Wetland 22 is also within the floodplain of Poplartown Branch, but is found on the west side
       of US 113 and is wetter than the area (Wetland 21) downstream of the roadway.  It is
       classified as  a palustrine forested wetland with saturated water regime (PFO1B). At the time
      of the field visit, the wetland was inundated to a depth of 2 to 3 inches and water stained
       leaves were observed. Principal wetland functions and values associated with the wetland
       are groundwater recharge/discharge,  floodplain alteration,  sediment/toxicant  retention,
      nutrient removal, and wildlife habitat.

      The soils within the floodplain wetland are mapped as Mixed Alluvium, which is typically
      poorly drained and often includes hydric soils. Soils were not sampled due to the level of
      inundation.  Dominant vegetation in the wetland includes Acer rubrum (red maple) and
      Populus deltoides (cottonwood) in the canopy, and Saururus cernuus (lizards tail), Cinna
      arundinacea (woodreed) and Boehmeria cylindrica (false nettle) in the herbaceous layer.
      The wetland did not have a developed shrub layer.

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US 113 Planning Study
       Wetland 23 is located approximately 800-feet north of the split for the existing dualized
       portion of US 13, and is classified as a palustrine forested wetland with a seasonal water
       regime (PFO1C). The wetland includes four depressions that are located within a wooded
       area bounded by the Maryland and Delaware Railroad and US 113. Surface water runoff is
       impeded by a constricted outlet beneath the railroad. At the time of the field visit, the
       wetland was saturated at 10-inches below the surface. Principal wetland functions and
       values associated with the wetland are groundwater recharge/discharge, nutrient removal, and
       wildlife habitat.

       Soils within the wetland are mapped in the Soil Survey of Worcester County as Fallsington
       loam, which is listed as a hydric soil in Maryland. Soil samples were gleyed (2.5Y6/1) and
       mottled (7.5YR5/6). Dominant vegetation in the wetland includes Acer rubrum (red maple),
       Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum ) and Nyssa sylvatica (black gum) in the canopy,
       Leucothoe racemosa (fetterbush) and Viburnum nudum (possum-haw) in the shrub layer and
       Wodwardia areolata (netted-chain fern) in the herbaceous layer.

       Wetland 24 is located on the east side of existing US  113, approximately 1,500-feet north
       of the southern boundary of the northern study area. The wetland is bounded by US 113 to
       the northwest and a residential driveway on the west.  The area is classified as a palustrine
       forested wetland with a seasonal water regime (PFO1C) and is primarily formed by the
       gravel driveway which restricts  positive drainage from the area.  At the time of the field
       visit, the ground surface was inundated or saturated and water marks  were observed.
       Principal wetland functions and  values associated  with the  wetland are  groundwater
       recharge/discharge, nutrient removal, and wildlife habitat.

       Soils within the wetland are mapped as Woodstown sandy loam which is not listed as a
       hydric soil in Maryland, but may contain inclusions of the hydric Fallsington soil.  Soil
       samples confirmed the presence of the nonhydric Woodstown soils; however, it appears that
       positive drainage has been impeded by construction of a residential driveway, and typical
       morphological indicators of prolong saturation have not yet developed. It is likely that the
       area is now inundated  for a long duration during the growing season based on observed
       hydrology indicators. Vegetation within the wetland includes Acer rubrum (red  maple),
       Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum), Quercus alba (white oak) and Clethra alnifolia (coast
       pepperbush).

       Wetland 25 forms in a broad headwater swale on the east side of existing US 113, just
       northwest of the residential driveway which impedes the drainage of W-24. The wetland
       forms in small depressions within the swale and is classified as a palustrine forested wetland
       with a seasonal water regime (PFO1C). Soils within the depressional areas were saturated
       at a depth of 8-inches.  Principal wetland functions and values associated with the wetland
       are groundwater recharge/discharge, nutrient removal, and wildlife habitat.
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       Soils within the wetland are mapped as Fallsington sandy loam which is listed as a hydric
       soil in Maryland. Samples were gleyed (2.5Y6/1). Vegetation in the wetland is dominated
       by Acer rubrum (red maple), Quercus phellos (willow  oak), Vaccinium corymbosum
       (high-bush blueberry), Clethra alnifolia (coast pepperbush), and  Woodwardia areolata
       (netted chainfern).

       Wetland 26 is located along Alternate 4N Modified, approximately 2,200-feet north of the
       southern boundary of the northern study area. The area is adjacent to the railroad line and
       is primarily a mix of palustrine forested and palustrine scrub-shrub wetland with a saturated
       water regime (PFO/PSS1B).  A small portion of the wetland is also currently under
       cultivation  and has  been classified as a  farmed wetland  during the jurisdictional
       determination.   Principal wetland functions and values associated with the wetland are
       groundwater recharge/discharge, nutrient removal, wildlife habitat, and visual quality/
       aesthetics.

       The wetland forms in a topographic low and was inundated to a depth of 4-inches in some
       areas.  Portions of the wetland that were not inundated were saturated at 0 to 6 inches below
       the ground surface. Surface water runoff is impeded by a constricted outlet beneath the
       Maryland and Delaware Railroad.  Soils in the wetland are mapped as Othello silt loam
       which is listed as a hydric soil in Maryland.

       The canopy  of the forested  wetland is  dominated by Acer rubrum (red maple)  and
       Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum).  The shrub layer in the forested and scrub-shrub
       wetland is dominated by Myrica cerifera (bayberry), Baccharis halimifolia (groundsel tree),
       and Smilax rotundifolia (common greenbrier), while the dominant herbaceous species is
       Juncus effusus (soft rush). In the agricultural field, the dominant vegetation includes Juncus
       effusus (soft rush), Scirpus cyperinus (wool grass), Agrostis alba (redtop), Polygonum sp.
       (smartweed species), and Carex sp. (sedge species).

       Wetland 27 is located along Alternate 4N Modified north of Carey Road and just south of
       MD Route 90 (the Ocean Expressway). The wetland occurs on a broad flat with extensive
       depressional micro-relief and is classified as a palustrine forested wetland with a seasonally
       saturated water regime (PFO1E).  The majority of the wetland was inundated to a depth of
       2 to 4-inches at the time of the field visit. Areas that weren't inundated were saturated at 8-
       inches below the ground surface. Drainage patterns and water marks were also observed
       throughout the wetland. Principal wetland functions and values associated with the wetland
       are groundwater recharge/discharge, nutrient removal, and wildlife habitat.  Included with
      Wetland 27 are three, small depressional wetlands that are associated with ditches inside the
      MD 90 interchange. These wetlands are labeled W-27A, B and C on the alternatives mapping
      in Appendix A.
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US 113 Planning Study
       Soils are mapped as Fallsington sandy loam and soil samples were gleyed (10YR5/1). The
       wetland is dominated by Acer rubrum (red maple), Quercus phellos (willow oak), Quercus
       nigra (water oak) in the canopy and Viburnum dentatum (arrowwood), Ilex opaca (American
       holly), Carpinus caroliniana (American hornbeam), and Smilax rotundifolia (common
       greenbrier) in the understory/shrub layer.

       Wetland  28 is approximately 600-feet north of Racetrack Road and is associated with
       Church Branch and its floodplain.  The stream and wetland cross both the US 113 upgrade
       alternate and Alternate 4N Modified. The wetland is found on both sides of Church Branch
       and in most places is confined at the edge of the floodplain by steep slopes. The area is
       classified as apalustrine forested wetland with a seasonally saturated water regime (PFO1E).
       Principal  wetland functions  and values associated with the wetland are  groundwater
       recharge/discharge, floodplain alteration, fish  and shellfish habitat,  sediment/toxicant
       retention, nutrient removal, production export,  sediment/shoreline stabilization, wildlife
       habitat, and visual quality/aesthetics.

       At the time of the field visit, the wetland was inundated to a depth of 1-inch in some areas.
       Portions of the wetland that were not inundated were saturated to the surface. Soils within
       the wetland are mapped as Mixed Alluvium, which is typically poorly drained and often
       includes hydric soils. However, soil samples taken within the wetland were mucky and
       gleyed (7.5YR2/0) and were characteristic of a histic epipedon.

       The canopy of the forest  within the wetland is dominated by Acer rubrum (red maple),
       Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash), and Nyssa sylvatica (black gum).  The dominant
       understory and shrub species include Ilex opaca  (Amercian holly), Ilex verticillata
       (winterberry), Clethra alnifolia (coast pepperbush), and Viburnum dentatum (arrowwood).
       The herbaceous layer is dominated by Saururus  cernuus (lizard's tail), Impatiens capensis
       (jewelweed), and Woodwardia areolata (netted chainfern).

       Wetland 29 is located northeast of the US 113 crossing of Church Branch, approximately
        100' northwest of where Alternate 4N Modified emerges from the floodplain of Church
       Branch. The wetland has formed in an excavated depression that is most likely the result of
       past sand or gravel borrow operations.  The area is classified as a palustrine forested wetland
       with a seasonally saturated water regime (PFO1E). Principal wetland functions and values
        associated with the wetland are groundwater recharge/discharge, and wildlife habitat.

        Soils within the wetland are mapped as Fort Mott loamy sand which is a well-drained soil
        type.  Excavation has removed the original soil profile, however, so the area no longer is
        characteristic of this upland soil association. At the time of the field visit, the wetland was
        inundated up to a depth of 6-inches, so soil samples were not feasible.  Due to the level of
        flooding within the wetland, it is likely that if hydric soil characteristics are not yet present,
        that they will develop over time.
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US 113 Planning Study
       Dominant vegetation within the wetland includes Acer rubrum (red maple), Liquidambar
       styraciflua (sweet gum), and Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) in the canopy and understory,
       Clethra alnifolia (coast pepperbush) in the shrub layer and Phragmites australis  (common
       reed) in the herbaceous layer.

       Wetland 30 is associated with Middle Branch which crosses existing US 113 approximately
       300-feet north of Pitts Road and Alternate 4N approximately 1,700-feet south of Shingle
       Landing Road.  The wetland is found on either side of the stream and is generally confined
       by steep slopes which border the Middle Branch floodplain. Principal wetland functions and
       values associated with the wetland are groundwater recharge/discharge, floodplain alteration,
       fish and shellfish habitat, sediment/toxicant retention, nutrient removal, production export,
       sediment/shoreline stabilization, wildlife habitat, uniqueness/habitat, and visual quality/
       aesthetics.

       The wetland is classified as a palustrine forested wetland with a seasonal water regime
       (PFO1C). The soil within the wetland was saturated 4-inches below the ground surface and
       free water was observed in an unlined bore hole at 8-inches below the surface. The soils are
       mapped as Mixed Alluvium, which is typically poorly drained and often includes hydric
       soils.  Soil samples confirmed the presence of poorly drained soils  with a low chroma
       (10YR5/2) matrix.

       Dominant species in the vegetative canopy include Acer rubrum (red maple), Liquidambar
       styraciflua (sweet gum), and Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash). The understory/shrub
       layer is  dominated by Ilex opaca  (American holly), Lindera benzoin  (spicebush) and
       Clethra alnifolia (coast pepperbush). The dominant herbaceous species include Impatiens
       capensis (jewelweed), Boehmeria cylindrica (false nettle), and Saururus cernuus (lizards
       tail).

       Wetland 31 is located along Birch Branch which crosses US 113 approximately 1,300-feet
       north of Peerless Road. The wetland has formed within the floodplain of the stream and is
       confined by the steep slopes which border the edges of the floodplain. The wetland is
       classified as a palustrine forested wetland with a seasonal/seasonally saturated water regime
       (PFO1C/E).  Principal wetland functions and values associated with the wetland  are
       groundwater recharge/discharge,  floodplain  alteration,  fish  and  shellfish habitat,
       sediment/toxicant  retention,  nutrient  removal,  production export,  sediment/shoreline
       stabilization, wildlife habitat, uniqueness/habitat, and visual quality/aesthetics.

       At the time of the field visit, soils within the wetland were saturated to the surface. Drainage
       patterns and water stained leaves were also observed.  According to the SCS's mapping of
       the area, soils within the wetland are Mixed Alluvium.  Samples taken in the field were
       mucky and gleyed (7.5YR2/0).
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US 113 Planning Study
       Dominant vegetation in the forest canopy includes Acer rubrum (red maple), Liquidambar
       styraciflua (sweet gum), and Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash). Ilex opaca (American
       holly), Lindera benzoin (spicebush), Ilex verticittata (winterberry) and Magnolia virginiana
       (sweetbay)  are  the dominant  shrub/understory  species,  while Arisaema  triphyllum
       (jack-in-the-pulpit), Woodwardia areolata  (netted  chainfern),  Osmunda cinnamomea
       (cinnamon fern) and Saururus cernuus (lizards tail) are dominant in the herbaceous layer.

       Wetland 32 is located approximately 520-feet east  of US 113, adjacent to the north side of
       the Birch Branch floodplain (W-31). The area has been excavated and was inundated to a
       depth of 6-inches in most places at the time of the field visit. The area is classified as both
       a palustrine forested and a scrub-shrub wetland with a seasonal water regime (PFO/PSS 1C).
       Soils within the wetland are mapped as Fort Mott  loamy sand, however, this soil type has
       been excavated and no longer characterizes the site. Soil samples were not feasible at the
       time of the field visit due to inundation, however,  it is assumed that if hydric soils are not
       already present, they will form over time due to the degree of saturation in the wetland.

       Dominant vegetation noted in the field includes Acer rubrum (red maple), Liquidambar
       styraciflua (sweet gum), and Betula nigra (river birch) in both the canopy and shrub layer
       of the wetland. Myrica cerifera (bayberry) was also present in the shrub layer.  Phragmites
       australis (common reed), Osmunda cinnamomea (cinnamon fern) and Woodwardia areolata
       (netted chainfern) were the dominant herbaceous species.

       Wetland 33 is located on the west side of US 113, 50-feet or more outside of the existing
       right-of-way and approximately 1,300-feet north of Kepler Lane.  The area is classified as
       a palustrine forested wetland with a saturated water regime (PFO1B) and is characterized by
       scattered unvegetated depressions. The wetland is ditched  along its southern edge. At the
       time of the field visit, water stained leaves were observed within the wetland and soils were
       saturated at a depth of 12-inches below the ground surface.   Principal wetland functions and
       values associated with the wetland are groundwater recharge/discharge, nutrient removal,
       and wildlife habitat.

       Soils in the area are mapped as Rutlege loamy  sand which is listed as a hydric soil in
       Maryland. Soil samples were gleyed (2.5Y5/1) and mottled (2.5Y3/2). Dominant vegetation
       observed includes Acer rubrum (red maple) and Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum) in the
       canopy, Magnolia virginiana (sweetbay)  in the understory and Sambucus canadensis
       (elderberry) in the shrub layer. The dominant herbaceous species are Woodwardia areolata
       (netted chainfern),  Osmunda cinnamomea (cinnamon  fern), and  Eulalai viminea
       (microstegium).

       Wetland 34 is located along existing US 113, approximately 100-feet south of Kepler Lane.
       The areas is classified  as a palustrine forested  wetland  with a saturated water regime
        (PFO1B). The land surface has been significantly disturbed and is characterized by scattered
       unvegetated depressions. Soils were saturated at a depth of 12 to 16-inches below the ground
                                          111-49

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US 113 Planning Study
       surface and drainage patterns were observed throughout the wetland.  Principal wetland
       functions and values associated with the wetland are  groundwater recharge/discharge,
       nutrient removal, and wildlife habitat.

       Soils in the wetland are mapped as Pocomoke loam which is listed as a hydric soil in
       Maryland. Samples were low chroma (2.5 Y6/2) and streaking was observed from 14 to 32
       inches. Dominant woody vegetation observed in the wetland includes Acer rubrum (red
       maple), Nyssa sylvatica (black gum) and Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum) in the canopy,
       Magnolia virginiana (sweetbay) in the understory,  and Clethra alnifolia (coast pepperbush)
       in the shrub layer.  The dominant herbaceous species are Woodwardia areolata (netted
       chainfern), and Osmunda cinnamomea (cinnamon fern).

       Wetland 35 is located northeast of MD 113, approximately 100-feet south of Old Stage
       Road. The area is a small depressional wetland  and would be classified as.a palustrine
       forested wetland with a seasonal saturated water regime.  At the time of the field visit, the
       wetland was inundated to a depth of 6-inches and water marks were observed.

       Soils are mapped as Rutlege loamy sand which is listed as  a hydric soil. When sampled, the
       soils were black sandy loam with a high percentage of sapric material.  Dominant vegetation
       includes Acer rubrum (red maple) and Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum) in the canopy,
       Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry) and Clethra alnifolia (coast pepperbush) in the
       shrub layer.  Smilax rotundifolia (greenbrier) was also observed throughout much of the
       wetland.

       Wetland 36 is located adjacent to the east side of US 113, approximately 200-feet north of
       Old Stage Road.  The area is classified as both a palustrine forested wetland with a seasonal
       saturated water regime (PFO1E) and a palustrine emergent wetland with a seasonal water
      regime (production exportMlB).  The portion of the wetland that is emergent is adjacent to
      US 113 and has been cleared for power lines and billboards. Principal wetland functions and
      values associated with the wetland are groundwater recharge/discharge, nutrient removal,
      and wildlife habitat.

      At the time of the field visit, the wetland was inundated to a depth of 4-inches and water
      marks were observed. Soils in the area are mapped as Pocomoke sandy loam. Soil samples
      were characterized by black muck from 0 to 2- inches. Dominant vegetation in the forested
      portion of the wetland includes Acer rubrum (red maple ), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet
      gum), Smilax rotundifolia (greenbrier), Clethra alnifolia (pepperbush), and Woodwardia
      areolata (netted chainfern).  The emergent wetland is dominated by Scirpus cyperinus (wool
      grass), Juncus effusus (soft rush), Solidago rugosa (rough-stemmed goldenrod), Sambucus
      canadensis (elderberry), and Aster sp. (aster).

      Wetland 37 is large system located on the west side of US 113. It begins approximately
      2,500-feet north  of Bishopville Road and extends parallel to US 113 for a distance of
      approximately 2,600-feet.  The area  is classified as a palustrine forested wetland with a
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US 113 Planning Study
       saturated water regime  (PFO1B) and has formed in a broad flat area with scattered
       unvegetated depressional areas. The land surface has been significantly disturbed by past
       logging activities within the wetland. Principal wetland functions and values associated with
       the wetland are groundwater recharge/discharge, nutrient removal, and wildlife habitat.

       At the time of the field visit, the ground was saturated to the surface and free water was
       observed in an unlined bore hole at 10-inches below the surface.  Water stained leaves were
       also observed. Soils in the wetland are mapped as Rutlege loamy sand which is listed as a
       hydric soil in Maryland.  Soil samples were gleyed (2.5Y2.5/1). Dominant woody vegetation
       in the wetland includes Acer rubrum (red maple ), Quercus phellos (willow oak) and
       Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum) in the canopy, Magnolia virginiana (sweetbay) in the
       understory, and Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush  blueberry) in the shrub layer.  The
       dominant herbaceous species include Woodwardia areolata (netted chainfern) and Carex sp.
       (sedge species).

       Wetland 38 is located on the east side of US 113, on the north side of the intersection of the
       highway and the Maryland and Delaware Railroad tracks. The wetland is bounded on three
       sides by either the highway or railroad and appears  to be regularly mowed for billboard
       visibility. The area is classified as a palustrine emergent wetland with a saturated  water
       regime (PEM1B).  Soils in the wetland are mapped as Leon loamy sand which is a hydric
       soil, and were saturated at a depth of 12-inches.  Soils samples were gleyed (2.5Y2.5/1).
       Dominant vegetation in the wetland includes Osmunda regalis (royal fern), Didiplis diandra
       (water purslane), Carex lurida (lurid sedge), Juncus effusus (soft rush), Rhexia mariana
       (Maryland meadow beauty),  Juncus canadensis  (Canada  sedge)  and Rhynchospora
       glomerata (clustered beakrush).

       Wetland 39 is located west of US 113, approximately 200-feet north of where Alternate 4N
       Modified crosses MD 610 (Whaleyville Road). The area is classified as a palustrine forested
       wetland with a saturated/seasonal saturated water regime (PFO1B/E). The area has been
       significantly disturbed by past logging activities.  At the time of the field visit, portions of
       the wetland were inundated to a depth of 2-inches.  Areas that were not inundated were
       saturated 0 to 6 inches below the ground surface. Principal wetland functions and values
       associated with the wetland are groundwater recharge/discharge,  nutrient  removal, and
       wildlife habitat.

       Soils are mapped as Pocomoke sandy loam which is a hydric soil. Soil samples were gleyed
       (2.5Y2.5/1) and a high organic content was observed in the surface layer of the sandy soils.
       The dominant vegetation  in the canopy  of the wetland is Acer rubrum (red maple),
       Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum), Quercus palustris (pin oak), Nyssa sylvatica (black
       gum) and Pinus taeda (loblolly pine).  The understory and shrub layer is dominated by
       Symplocos tinctoria (horse sugar), Clethra alnifolia (coast pepperbush) and Vaccinium
       corymbosum (highbush blueberry) while the dominant herbaceous species is Woodwardia
       areolata (netted chainfern).
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US 113 Planning Study
       Wetland 40 is located within the floodplain of Carey Branch which crosses US 113 just
       south of Morris Road. The area is classified as a palustrine forested wetland with a seasonal
       saturated water regime (PFO1E) and was inundated to a depth of 2-inches at the time of the
       field visit.  Numerous other hydrologic indicators, such as water marks, drift lines, sediment
       deposits and drainage patterns, were also noted. Principal wetland functions and values
       associated with the wetland are groundwater recharge/discharge, floodplain alteration, fish
       and shellfish habitat, sediment/toxicant retention, nutrient removal, production export,
       sediment/shoreline stabilization, wildlife habitat, and visual quality/aesthetics.

       Soils within the wetland are mapped as Mixed Alluvium, which is typically poorly drained
       and often includes hydric soils. Soil samples were black and mucky to a depth of 20-inches.
       The dominant canopy species in the wetland are Acer rubrum (red maple) and Liquidambar
       styraciflua (sweet gum). The shrub layer is sparse, however, the dominant species in the
       herbaceous layer include Saururus canadensis (lizards tail), Boehmeria cylindrica (false
       nettle), and Impatiens capensis (jewelweed).

       A large portion  of the study area is mapped in the Soil Survey as having hydric soils;
       however, an extensive series of drainage ditches has effectively lowered the water table in
       many areas. The most problematic of these areas are associated with abandoned fields that
       have returned to woodland. Most of the ditches in the study area support hydrophytic
       vegetation. On-site inspection by the Corps of Engineers has determined which ditches are
      jurisdictional. The ditches have been identified and labeled on the alternatives mapping
      presented in Appendix A of this-DEIS.  Ditches have been included as jurisdictional
      wetlands where they are located immediately adjacent to wetland areas.
                                        7/7-52

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US 113 Planning Study
       3.
Wetland Functions
       Wetland functions and values were evaluated using The Highway Methodology Workbook
       Supplement - Wetland Functions and Values: A Descriptive Approach (ACOE, 1995).  The
       methodology incorporates both wetland science and best professional judgment to determine
       what functions and values are present in the wetland, followed by a determination of
       principal functions and values provided by the wetland.  Principal functions and values are
       defined as an important physical component of a wetland ecosystem (function only), and/or
       are considered of special value to society from a local, regional, or national perspective.  The
       following functions and values are assessed by the "Descriptive Approach" methodology:

       Groundwater Recharge/Discharge - This function considers the potential for a wetland to
       serve  as a  groundwater recharge and/or discharge area.  It refers to the fundamental
       interaction between wetlands and aquifers, regardless of size or importance of either.

       Floodflow Alteration - This function considers the effectiveness of the wetland in reducing
       flood damage by water retention for prolonged periods following precipitation events and the
       gradual release of floodwaters. It adds to the stability of the wetland ecological system or
       its buffering characteristics, and provides social or economic value relative to erosion and/or
       flood prone areas.

       Fish and Shellfish Habitat - This function considers the effectiveness of seasonal or
       permanent watercourses associated with the wetland in question for fish and shellfish habitat.

       Sediment/Toxicant/Pathogen Retention -  This function reduces or prevents degradation
       of water quality. It relates to the effectiveness of the wetland as a trap for sediments,
       toxicants, and pathogens in runoff water from surrounding uplands, or upstream eroding
       areas.

       Nutrient Removal/Retention/Transformation - This function considers the effectiveness
       of the wetland as trap for nutrients in runoff water from surrounding uplands or contiguous
       wetlands, and the ability of the wetland to process these nutrients into other forms or trophic
       levels. One aspect of this function is to prevent ill effects of nutrients entering aquifers or
       surface waters such  as ponds, lakes,  streams, rivers, or estuaries.

       Production Export - This function evaluates the effectiveness of the wetland to produce
       food or usable products for man or other living things.

       Sediment/Shoreline Stabilization - This function considers the effectiveness of a wetland
       to stabilize stream banks and shorelines against erosion.

       Wildlife Habitat - This function considers the effectiveness of the wetland to provide habitat
       for various types and populations of animals typically associated with wetlands and the
       wetland edge.
                                         7/7-64

-------
175115 Planning Study
       Recreation - This value considers the suitability of the wetland and associated watercourses
       to provide recreational opportunities such as hiking, canoeing, boating, fishing, hunting, and
       other active or passive recreational activities.

       Educational/Scientific Value - This value considers the suitability of the wetland as a site
       for an "outdoor classroom" or as a location for scientific study or research.

       Uniqueness/Heritage -  This value considers the effectiveness of the  wetland or its
       associated water bodies to provide certain special values. These may include archeological
       sites, critical habitat for endangered species, its overall health and appearance, its role in the
       ecological system of the  area, or its relative importance as a typical wetland class for this
       geographic location.

       Visual Quality/Aesthetics -  This  value considers the visual and aesthetic quality or
       usefulness of the wetland.

       Endangered Species Habitat - This value considers the suitability of the wetland to support
       threatened or endangered species.

       An interagency study team was established to evaluate the functions and values of fifteen
       representative wetlands in the project area. The study team included staff members of the
       U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Maryland State
       Highway Administration, and the environmental consultant.  The wetlands selected for
       assessment were determined to be representative of typical wetlands in the project area based
       on size, landscape position, location within the watershed,   and surrounding land-use.
       Although all wetlands provide varying degrees of functions and values, the interagency team
       agreed to complete functional assessments  only for wetlands larger  than  one  acre, and
       wetlands that are located within the study area of the proposed alignments. Principal wetland
       functions and values  provided by the wetlands are summarized in Table HI-16. Detailed
       information, including data sheets, are provided in the Natural Resources Technical Report.
                                           7/7-65

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US 113 Planning Study
I.     Vegetation and Wildlife

      1.   Vegetation

      Vegetation within the study area primarily consists of plant species associated with forested
      areas, wetlands, farmlands, meadows and landscaped and turfed areas  associated with
      developed commercial, recreational, institutional and residential land uses.

      The forested vegetation habitats vary from bottomland floodplain areas dominated by species
      tolerant of semi-saturated and prolonged saturated and inundated conditions, to gently sloping
      and level uplands consisting of species tolerant of drier soil environments.

      The forest density in general is variable with some areas having a fairly dense overstory,
      subcanopy, shrub and herbaceous cover while in other areas the subcanopy trees, shrubs and
      herbaceous species were sparse or lacking.  Some forest areas were logged at sometime in the
      past and it is within these areas that dense stands of early growth loblolly pine, deciduous tree
      saplings and various grass and flowering ground  cover species occur.

      The upland forests are dominated primarily by red maple (Acer rubrum), white oak (Quercus
      alba), southern red oak (Q.falcata), tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera), loblolly pine (Pinus
      taeda), American holly (Ilex opaca), sweet pepper-bush (Clethra  alnifolia), arrow-wood
      (Viburnum dentatum), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica),  common  poison-ivy
      (Toxicodendron radicans) and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia).

      Three specimen trees were identified and the size and quality documented: a southern red oak
      with 34.5 inch Diameter at Breast Height (DBH), the trunk is in good condition and top crown
      is generally well shaped with minimal dead wood; two tulip trees, one 41.2 inch DBH and one
      43 inch DBH, have trunks in good condition with fairly well-shaped crowns and minimal dead
      wood. These trees are located approximately 150 feet northeast of Poplartown Branch and
      approximately 60 feet west of US  113.

      The bottomland forests are dominated primarily by several species also found in the upland
      forests which include red maple, loblolly pine, arrow-wood, sweet pepper-bush,  Japanese
      honeysuckle as well as sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) and blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica).

      Wetlands which occur within or adjacent to  streams and within floodplains or other areas
      where a prolonged high water table sustains plant species which are able to adapt and
      reproduce in soils which may be saturated or inundated for long periods of time. Such species
      include: silky dogwood (Comus amomum), bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), seaside alder
      (Alnus maritmd), narrow-leaved cattail (Typha angustifolia), spotted touch-me-not (Impatiens
      capensis), buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), Sedges (Carex  sp.) and skunk-cabbage
      (Symplocarpus foetidus).
                                          111-67

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US 113 Planning Study
      A few fallow fields are interspersed between the farmed areas, landscaped areas and forests
      and are dominated by various grasses as well as flowering ground cover and shrubby species.
      Plant species occurring in the fallow field areas include: meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis),
      Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), sour dock (Rumex crispus), fragrant goldenrod (Euthania
      tenuifolia), common pokeweed (Phytolacca americand) and daisy fleabane (Erigeron
      strigosus).

      Vegetation on the fanned areas consists primarily of crops such as soybean (Glycine max),
      com (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum).

      The developed areas contain a wide variety of native, naturalized and ornamental trees, shrubs
      and herbaceous plants.  Included are lawns and other turfed areas, hedge rows, foundation
      plantings and flower beds.

      2.    Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat

      Based on vegetation, three major habitat types within the study area have been identified:
      terrestrial or upland, wetland, and aquatic. Many of the wildlife species  found in the study
      area are generalists and use the variety of habitats found in the area. Some species, however,
      have more specific habitat requirements.

      The southern study area parallels the existing alignment of US 113 and impacts many existing
      treelines and fringe portions of major and minor forested areas.  These  forested  tracts are
      interrupted by croplands, commercial and residential properties and meadows. Several of the
      forested areas are extensive enough that they could be used for safe havens and breeding by
      many neotropical migrant and other interior dwelling species.

      a.   Terrestrial Habitat

      In the developed areas, wildlife species able to adapt and coexist with humans are commonly
      found. Certain forest dwelling mammal species will also occasionally venture onto developed
      and cropland areas in search of food. Bird species expected to commonly use the developed,
      cropland and meadow areas, as well as the forested areas, include: Downy woodpecker
      (Picoides pubessens),  Mourning dove (Zenaida maccrouna), American robin (Turdus
      migratorius),  gray catbird  (Dumetella carolinensis), northern mocking bird  (Mimus
     polyglottos), common  grackle (Quiscalus  quisculd),  and American  crow  (Corvus
      brachyrhynchos). Mammal and reptile species include: red fox (Vulpes vulpes), white-tailed
      deer (Odozoileus virginianus), woodchuck (Marmota monox), racoon (Procyon later), gray
      squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis),  eastern  chipmonk (Tamias  striatus), Virginia  opossum
      (Didelphis virginiana), and black rat snake (Elaphe obsolete obsoleta).
                                        7/7-58

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l/S 123 Planning Study
      b.   Aquatic and Wetland Habitat

      The wetland habitats within and adjacent to both the north and south study areas are varied
      consisting of forested, scrub-shrub and emergent wetlands as well as riverine stream systems.
      The stream systems were identified and are described in Section ffl-F and the wetland systems
      are discussed in Section ffi-H. The streams crossed within the study  area are primarily very
      slow moving with sand and mud bottoms, and the channels are mostly non-vegetated, other
      than plants occurring on the adjacent slopes which consist of emergent and scrub-shrub
      species. Palustrine deciduous forests often occur on the adjacent flood plains.

      The  Pocomoke River is widely known for the quality of its sport  fishery.  The tributary
      streams within the project's southern study area are generally small  and offer limited sport
      fishing potential, they do however, provide important spawning grounds which support the
      Pocomoke River fishery.

      Bird species which are dependent on these habitats include: belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyori),
      great blue heron (Ardea herodias), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), wood duck (Aix sponsa),
      and red-winged black bird (Agelaius phoeniceus).  Mammal, reptile  and amphibian species
      also utilizing these habitats include: muskrat (Ondatra zibethius), nutria (Myocaster coypus),
      bullfrog (Rana catesbeiand), common musk turtle (Sternotherus odoratus) and northern water
      snake (Nerodia sipedori).

      Streams and ponds within and adjacent to the study area are considered to be aquatic habitats
      within which shallow depths permit the dense growth of certain submerged  vascular plant
      species, which are either attached to the substrate or float freely in the  water above the bottom
      or on the surface.

      The  stream systems which occur within both the Pocomoke River area and the Coastal
      Drainage Areas provide food sources and spawning environments for migratory fish species
      such as white perch (Morone americand), yellow perch (Peraflavescens), herring (Alosa sp.)
      and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) as well as resident species including: large-mouth bass
      (Micropterus salmoides), chain pickerel (Esox niger), blue-spotted sunfish (Ennea conthus
      gloriosus), and pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus).  Many of the upland species such as
      American robin, northern  mockingbird, gray catbird, red  fox, white-tailed deer, racoon,
      Virginia opossum and black rat snake also utilize the wetland and aquatic habitats.

      3.   Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species

      Coordination with the US Fish and Wildlife Service (Wolflin, 1995) has revealed that there
      are no known Federally listed endangered or threatened species under  their jurisdiction within
      the study area.  Coordination with the Maryland DNR Wildlife and Heritage  Division,
      however, (Dintaman, Jr., 1995, Davidson, 1996) indicates that there are several State rare,
      threatened and endangered plant  species and a finfish  species subject to potential impact
      within the study area.
                                         7/7-69

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 US 113 Planning Study
      The DNR Wildlife  and Heritage Division has recorded 20 State rare, threatened and
      endangered plant species occurring within one mile of the southern section of the US 113
      roadway study area. Within the immediate study area, four of these plant species are known
      to occur.  The four species include: seaside alder (Alnus maritima), swamp beggar-ticks
      (Bidens discoidea) and variable yelloweyed-grass (Xyris difformis), state status, rare and low
      water-milfoil (Myriophyllum humile) which is state endangered.  On July 17, 1996 a field
      survey was conducted in the effort to verify the existence and location of the four species.
      Only the seaside alder was found and identified near the roadway.

      The DNR also lists a finfish species, the blackbanded sunfish (Enneaconthus chaetadon),
      which may occur in Gary Branch located north of Berlin (Dintaman Jr., 1995). The sunfish
      population is thought to be limited or declining in the State such that it may be threatened in
      the future and therefore is in need of conservation. No surveys were undertaken to verify the
      occurrence of the sunfish in Gary Branch or any other stream in the study area.

J.    Air Quality

The US 113 project is located in Worcester County, which is not listed as a nonattainment area for
carbon monoxide and ozone. Therefore, with the exception of construction procedures requirements,
the conformity requirements of 23CFR770 do not apply to this project. The project is also in an area
where the State Implementation Plan (SIP) does not contain any transportation control measures.
Therefore, the conformity procedures in the Federal Register on November 24, 1993 do not apply
to this project.

The air quality analysis serves as support documentation for the project and has been prepared in
accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US  EPA),  Federal  Highway
Administration (FHWA), and Maryland SHA guidelines. The US 113 project is located in Worcester
County, MD, which  is in attainment for carbon monoxide and ozone.  A CO attainment are is
defined in Section 186 of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAA '90) as a region that has
a design value of less that  9.1  ppm.  Therefore, with the exception of construction procedures
requirements, the conformity requirements of 23CFR770 do not apply to this project.  Carbon
monoxide  (CO) impacts were analyzed as the accepted indicator of vehicle-generated air pollution.

      1.    Methodology

      The EPA's CAL3QHC dispersion model was used to predict CO concentrations for air quality
      sensitive receptors for the year of completion (2000) and the design year (2020). These
      detailed analyses predict  air quality impacts from CO vehicular emissions for both the No
      Build and Dualization Alternatives for each analysis year.  Modeled 1-hour and 8-hour
      average CO concentrations were added to background CO concentrations for comparison to
      the State and National Ambient Air Quality Standards (S/NAAQS).
                                        7/7-70

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PS 113 Planning Study
      In order to calculate the total concentration of CO which occurs at a particular receptor site
      during worst case meteorological conditions, the background levels are considered in addition
      to the levels directly attributed to the facility under consideration. The background levels
      were derived from the application of rollback methodology to on-site monitoring conducted
      by the Maryland Department of the Environment, Air Management Administration at their
      Essex Site during the period of 1994.

      2.   Description of Air Sensitive Receptors

      Sixty-five air receptor locations were selected to represent air quality sensitive locations
      within the study area. These locations, representing residences, places of worship, and
      historic properties, were selected to represent the worst case conditions for air quality impacts
      associated with the proposed project. The locations of the air quality sensitive sites presented
      on Figures HI-ISA through 13D, were verified by a site visit in November, 1996.

      3.   Background CO Levels

      Background CO, in parts per million (PPM) were determined to be 2.6 ppm for a one-hour
      period and 0.9 ppm for an eight-hour period.  These CO concentrations are lower than the
      S/NAAQS 1-hour CO concentration of 35 ppm and the 8-hour CO concentration of 9 ppm,
      at any air quality receptor location, in either analysis year.

K.    Noise Quality

      1.   Design Noise Level/Activity Relationships

      The design noise levels indicated in Table ffl-17 have been used to determine highway traffic
      noise impacts associated with different land uses or activities in existence at the time of
      project development. In addition, the design noise levels have been used to determine where
      further consideration of noise mitigation will be required during the final design of the project.
      The applicable activity category for developed land uses adjacent to US 113 is category "B"
      for which the Lcq (Exterior) design noise level is 67 dB A.

      2.   Existing Noise Environment

      Ambient Noise Measurements

      In order to determine  the existing noise characteristics present within the corridors of the
      various build alternatives being considered, ambient noise measurements were recorded at 65
      receptor locations during November,  1996.  Results of the  ambient measurements at the
      receptor locations chosen, indicate a variety  of contributing sources to the local  noise
      environment.  These  include bkds  chirping, rustling leaves, dogs barking, and trains, in
      addition to traffic-related noise from US 113. The local street network within the study area
                                          111-71

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US 113 Planning Study
      has minimal influence on the respective communities. Major arterials intersecting with US
      113 also contribute significantly to the noise environment for select sensitive receptor sites,
      however, they do not influence the overall result of the proposed improvements.

      Description of Noise Receptor Sites and Recorded Ambient Leq Noise Levels

      The results of the ambient noise measurements are presented in Table ffl-18.  Sixty-five
      receptor sites, representing residences, places of worship, and historic sites, were selected to
      represent the worst case conditions for noise quality impacts associated with the proposed
      project. Where  feasible,  sites  were selected  to represent groupings  of residences.
      Additionally, sites were chosen where the proposed alternate would be significantly close to
      the noise sensitive area, and also in areas where normal exterior human activity would occur.
      The location of the noise receptor sites are shown on Figures HI-ISA through 13D

       Table 111-17:   Noise Abatement Criteria, Activity Relationships in CFR 772 *
Activity
Category
A
B
C
D
E
Design Noise
Level Leq
57dBA
(Exterior)
67dBA
(Exterior)
72dBA
(Exterior)
—
52dBA
(Interior)
Description of Activity Category
Tracts of land in which serenity and quietest of extraordinary significance and serve
an important public need, and where the preservation of those qualities is essential
if the area is to continue to serve its intended purpose. Such areas could include
amphitheaters, particular parks or portions of parks, or open spaces which are
dedicated or recognized by appropriate local officials for activities requiring special
qualities of serenity and quiet.
Residences, motels, hotels, public, meeting rooms, schools, churches, libraries,
hospitals, picnic areas, recreation areas, playgrounds, active sports areas, and parks.
Developed lands, properties or activities not included in categories A and B above.
Undeveloped lands.
Residences, motels, hotels, public meeting rooms, schools, churches, libraries,
hospitals and auditoriums.
* Adapted from Title 23 Code of Federal Regulations Part 772, FHWA - 1988
                                         7/7-72

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          US 113 Planning Study
                      Table 111-18:   Sensitive Receptor Sites and Ambient Noise Levels
SiteNo.^
1-1
1-2
1-3
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
4-1
4 -.2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
..,..^v..;v*-VVV:'^V.:ir&^
•.V
Residence - 3932 Market Street (MD 394)
Residence - 4624 Snow Hill Road (MD 12)
Residence - 47 1 2 Washington Street
Residence - 6 1 08 Public Landing Road
Residence - 5658 Worcester Highway (US 1 1 3)
Residence - 5809 Worcester Highway (US1 13)
Snow Hill Mennonite Church - Worcester Highway (US1 13)
Residence - 6074 Worcester Highway (US 11 3)
Residence - 6224 Worcester Highway (US1 13)
Residence - 6369 Worcester Highway (US1 13)
Residence - Mason Bros. (Perdue) - Worcester Highway (US 1 1 3)
Residence - 6570 Worcester Highway (US1 13)
Residence - 6641 Worcester Highway (US1 13)
Residence - 6858 Basket Switch Road
Residence - 7016 Worcester Highway (US 1 13)
Residence on Langmaid Road with no address posted; 250 feet west of US 1 1 3
Residence - 8412 Langmaid Road
Residence - 7170 Worcester Highway (US 1 13)
Residence on Worcester Highway (US 1 13) with no address posted; 2000 feet
south of Gunning Club Road
Residence on Worcester Highway (US 1 13) with no address posted; 450 feet
south of Croppers Island Road
Residence - 9 1 1 8 Croppers Island Road
Residence - 7575 Worcester Highway (US 1 13)
Residence - 7620 Worcester Highway (US 1 13)
Residence - 9314 Goody Hill Road
Residence - 7809 Worcester Highway (US 1 13)
... Ambient Noise Level
''i*iW-iฑ(&Ay:.f^:>
65
56
59
58
60
58 '
63
64
67
63
66
65
71
62
58
56
61
63
58
64
64
58
61
58
60
                                                 7/7-73
09-

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ฃ75113 Planning Study
      Table 111-18:   Sensitive Receptor Sites and Ambient Noise Levels, continued
Site No.
4-8
4-9
4-10.
4-11
4-12
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-7
6-8
6-9
6-10
6-11
6-12
6-13
6-14
6-15
6-16
6-17
6-18
6-19
. ' "•.;'.•''..": -. '^-•••••'•ReC(BptOTDeSCriptiob!''"^;^ง&-ฅi:::-;..''.^:v^...:i'>-i:/
." - • ••'.:-''-.1 . . ; - .•; ••"v-w;; ••••.:?;'• :. '••":.'• •;..•
Residence - 7924 Worcester Highway (US 1 13)
Residence - 8028 Worcester Highway (US 113)
Residence - 81 1 Shire Drive
Residence on Worcester Highway (US 1 13) with no address posted; 750 .feet
north of Shire Drive
Residence on Worcester Highway (US 1 13) with no address posted; 300 feet
south of Ironshire Station Road
Residence - 10347 Worcester Highway (US 113)
Residence- 10421 Worcester Highway (US 113)
Residence - 10485 Worcester Highway (US 1 13)
Residence- 1 0494 Worcester Highway (US 113)
Residence on Worcester Highway (US 1 13) with no address posted; 450 feet
south of Carey Road
Vic's Store - US 1 13; 125 feet south of Jones Road (Historic Site)
Residence on Carey Road with no address posted; 500 ft. west of US 1 13
Residence - 10239 Carey Road
Residence - 10680 Worcester Highway (US 1 13)
Residence - 10804 Worcester Highway (US 113)
Calvary Chape! - Victory Lane
Residence - 1 1047 Worcester Highway (US 1 13)
Residence - 1 1 206 Worcester Highway (US 1 13) (Historic Site)
Residence - 1 1217 Worcester Highway (US 1 13)
Residence - 1 1241 Worcester Highway (US 113)
St. Martin's Church - Worcester Highway (US 1 13);300 ft. north of MD 589
(Historic Site)
Residence - 1 1628 Worcester Highway (US 113) (Historic Site)
Residence - 10129 Pitts Road
Showell Methodist Church - corner of Pitts Road and Church Road
. Ambient Noise Level
(L^faBA)
63
64
58
63
65
63
69
69
64
63
72
59
58
67
60
52
67
54
65
66
65
65
65
65
                                       111-74

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US 113 Planning Study
       Table 111-18:  Sensitive Receptor Sites and Ambient Noise Levels, continued
' SlteNb.;^
7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
7-6
7-7
7-9
7-10
7-11
7-12
7-13
7-14
7-15
7-16
,::,
Residence on Worcester Highway (US 1 13) with no address posted; 500 feet
south of Shingle Landing Road
Residence - 1 01 22 Shingle Landing Road
Residence - 10204 Shingle Landing Road
Residential Property - 10045 Worcester Highway (US 113)
Residential Property - 12235 Worcester Highway (US 1 13)
Residence - 12538 Old Stage Road
Residence - 12558 Old Stage Road
Mausoleum - 1800 feet north of Bishopville Road
Residence - 12914 Worcester Highway (US 1 13)
Residence - 1 3 1 02 Worcester Highway (US 1 1 3)
Residence on Worcester Highway (US 1 13) with no address posted; 400 feet
north of MD 610
Residence - 1 3222 Worcester Highway (US 1 1 3)
Elk's Lodge 2173-on Worcester Highway (US 1 13) - no address posted; 1050
feet south of Hotel Road
Residence - 13419 Morris Road
Transpeninsular Line Marker (Historic Site)
^ \. Ambient I^oise Leydl^ ,
73
55
59
60
68
56
53
61
69
70
69
70
72
62
65
                                        7/7-75

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         V
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1'1 • Noise Receptor Site
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   US 113 PLANNING STUDY

Air and Noise Receptor
        Locations
   SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
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                 MnOnMnOon
           April 1997
Figure
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                          ALTERNATIVE 3S\
                         ซฃT
                                               US 113 PLANNING STUDY
Legend
   _ Dualization on Existing Alignment
 1*1 • Noise Receptor Site
        A.
Air and Noise Receptoi
        Locations
   SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                            Uvytencf
                                            State Hlghwty
           April 1997
Fig
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                                             US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                          Air and Noise Receptor
                                                  Locations
                                             SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
ซ— — Dualization on Existing Alignment
1*n • Noise Receptor Site

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                                                           DELAWARE
                                                           .	__ •^••••
                                                           MARYLAND
                                                           BISHOPVILLE
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                                                           US 113 PLANNING STUDY
IT —. Dualtzation on Existing Alignment
. ซ . ซ• Dualteation on New Alignment
1-1 • Ndse Receptor Site

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US 113 Planning Study
L.    Visual Quality

5rom a recreational standpoint, it is common for Americans to drive for pleasure along scenic roads.
Additional mobile viewers of the landscape include commuters to work and truck drivers, among
others.  Stationary viewers of visual landscape include residents, farmers, business  employees,
:onsumers, and tourists.

      1.   Existing Visual Environment

      The topography of the study area is relatively flat and the viewsheds are large.  No scenic
      vistas or visually sensitive receptors exist within the study area.

      The existing study area is predominantly rural farmland with small residential areas and
      communities scattered along the project limits. The visual landscape in the study area is
      dominated by these farms, mostly chicken farms, with vegetation bordering the roadway.

      2.    Methodology

      Viewsheds were determined  by review of land  use mapping  and field reconnaissance
      throughout the study area to assist in the evaluation of the visual quality of the area.  A
      viewshed is "the surface area visible from a given viewpoint or series of viewpoints; it is also
      the area from which that viewpoint or series of viewpoints may be seen" (FHWA, 1981). It
      may also be defined as, "a tool for identifying the views that a project could actually affect"
      (FHWA, 1981).

VI.   Municipal, Industrial and Residual Waste Sites

      1.   Initial Site Assessment

     Municipal, industrial and residual wastes and other environmentally sensitive materials may
     pose a considerable threat to human or environmental health if improperly treated, stored, or
     disposed of.  An Initial Site Assessment (ISA) was  conducted to identify and inventory
     municipal, industrial, and private properties which are known to or suspected to contain waste
     materials. The investigation consisted of a database search, property records research, field
     reconnaissance, and potential liability determination. The following databases were used
     during the background research:

     •    National Priority List (NPL)
          Delisted NPL (NPL Deletions)
     •    Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System (RCRIS-TSD)
     •    Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information
          System (CERCLIS)
     •    Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information
          System (CERC-NFRAP)
                                        111-76

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US 113 Planning Study
           Corrective Action Report (CORRACTS)
      •    Permitted Aboveground Storage Tanks (AST)
      •    RCRA Administrative Action Tracking System (RAATS)
      •    Hazardous Materials Information Reporting System (HMDR.S)
      •    PCB Activity Database System (PADS)
      •    Toxic Chemical Release Inventory System (TRIS)
      •    Federal Superfund Liens (NPL Liens)
      •    Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA)
      •    Former Manufactured Gas Sites (Coal Gas)
      •    EPA Emergency Response Notification System (ERNS)
      •    State Hazardous Waste Site (SHWS)

      The search of available Federal and state databases was conducted in accordance with the
      specific requirements  of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard
      practice for Environmental Site Assessment (E 1527-94). Full documentation for all sites
      found within the ASTM-specified study radii is located in the Initial Site Assessment prepared
      for this project in December 1995. A review of the Maryland Department of the Environment
      (MDE) Hazardous Waste Management Section's files was made in conjunction with this
      study.

      2.   Preliminary Field Reconnaissance Results

      In general, the corridor is characterized agricultural and residential land uses. Many of the
      residential properties use fuel oil for home heating.  This however, represents a minimal threat
      to the project and unless other factors of concern were noted, these residential sites were not
      included in the potential waste inventory.

      The preliminary field reconnaissance revealed 23 potentially contaminated sites within the
      southern and northern study areas.  Sites were ranked, based upon the perceived potential to
      pose a waste materials  liability to the proposed project. The rankings are high, moderate, and
      low potential liability.  Factors influencing the ranking of perceived potential threats include:

           •        The nature of the site activity,
           •        History of site use,
           •        Location of the site in relation to the study area,
           •        The observed condition of the site,
           •        Significance of database records for the site,
           •        Whether the site has a history of controlled material spills, hazardous
                    materials handling, or waste production.

      Sites that possess a high potential for liability are sites that either via direct observation,
      database records, or site use history present some potential to contain contamination.  Sites
      that possess a moderate potential usually are included based on current or historic site use or
      documentation,  but no evidence of potential contamination was revealed during the ISA.
                                          7/7.77

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US 113 Planning Study
      Sites that possess a low potential are included based on current or historic site use or
      documentation, however evidence gathered during the ISA revealed little likelihood of
      contamination. The analysis of the databases and preliminary field reconnaissance data that
      these sites may warrant further investigation and possible sampling and analysis. Three sites
      have a high potential for liability and warrant formal Phase I study and will probably require
      Phase n investigation. Sixteen sites possess a moderate potential for liability and while
      needing formal Phase I study will probably not require a Phase  n investigation.   Four
      additional  sites  have a low liability  potential and  should not require any additional
      investigation after the formal Phase I studies. Table HI-19 lists the identified potential waste
      sites with the nature of the contamination and potential for liability. The locations of these
      sites are shown on Figures III-14A through 14D. More detailed information concerning the
      assessment methodology and findings is contained in the Hazardous Waste Initial Site
      Assessment (Gannett Fleming, 1995).

      An area containing drums was identified by the US Army Corps of Engineers during wetland
      field reviews. This area was not identified as a site during preparation of the ISA. There are
      no records of waste material sites or source events at the identified location.  The contents of
      the drums is unknown. If this area would be impacted by proposed expansion activity, then
      this location should be added to the sites to receive Phase I site investigations. The potential
      risk posed by the drums can be characterized at that time.  This site, identified as site 24, has
      been added to the list of potential waste sites.
                                          111-78

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US 113 Planning Study
                         Table IH-19:  Potential Wastes Sites
Site
ID
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
.-.-•'. „' '__,", , Potential S|te,,_^^;Sg^>x
' ."'•-•"- i^'^r-^^t-'V^w^i^&^tllP
Ocean Designs Fiberglass and Boat Works
Cross Roads Carry Out
Abandoned Rendering Plant
TMT Design Co. 12829 Worcester
Highway
Sharpgas Propane Tank Enclosure
Open Field
Kary Asphalt
Perdue Farms Hatchery #7
Hammonds Store
Showell Poultry Processing Plant
Davis Electric
Vic's Country Store
Sandbar Marine
9941 Deer Park
The Little Country Store Deli/Gas Station
Newark Station Strip Stores
Air Illusions Paint Shop
Custom Screen Printing Company
Town of Newark Sewage Treatment Ponds
Residential/Manufacturing Property
Landfill Office
Worcester County Roads Maintenance
Facility
Duck-in Convenience Store
Station 23 15ฑ
^g,Natare,of the Potential Contamination ,. :
Boat repair, paint, solvent, petroleum products storage
Possible former gasoline pumping station
Former industrial site; abandoned tanker trucks,
process vessels, and 55-gallon drums found on site
Vehicle storage
Propane storage and 55-gallon drums of solvents
Possible former mobile home manufacturing site;
rusted paint cans and a 55-gallon drum found on site
Active asphalt processing facility
Above-ground and underground storage tanks
Gasoline pumps, a small repair garage, propane tank,
fuel oil tank, and several 55-gallon drums on site
Underground storage tanks
Old gasoline pump
Former gasoline pumping station
Boat repair; paint, solvent, petroleum products storage
55-gallon drums
Former Gasoline pumping station
Gasoline pumping station and kerosene pump; offices
of Ocean Petroleum
Paint and solvent storage
Inflammable materials storage
Sewage treatment ponds and chlorine storage
Vehicle storage and gasoline pumping
Underground storage tanks
Vehicle maintenance and storage, materials storage,
and fuel pumping
Gasoline pumping station
Drums of unknown content
Potential
Liability
Moderate
Low
High
Low
Low
Moderate
Moderate
High
Moderate
High
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Low
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
TBD*
 * to be determined
                                         7/7-79

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\
        r*
      FOREST  \
                                          US 113 PLANNING STUDY
"X STATE
 Potential Waste
  Site Locations
SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                        April 1997
                    Figure
                    III-14A

-------
,r  /  -v.n
                                           US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                            Potential Waste
                                             Site Locations
                                           SOUTHERN STUDY AREA

-------
mQNSHIRE
                   o  •'ooogooo 39Sj}|{.5:|00

                                '•  •
      US 113 PLANNING STUDY
        Potential Waste
         Site Locations
      SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
Figure
III-14C
   Uarylsnd
   StatffHgtnmy
   Administration

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                                     MARYLAND

                                     BISHQPVILLE
                                         i
                                       __--!	1	-,
                                                    1000 2000 3000 40
                                                    OBHBC=Z3i

                                                    SCALE IN FEET
              -ij
     SB 6T3S3IS SlS^r.   ''~'--

 ' X  ^        -^^  '' -X*
US 113 PLANNING STUDY
 '    NSGKS uEEDJ
X  & V  !•
                                     Potential Waste
                                      Site Locations
                                   NORTHERN STUDY AREA
                                Muytarxf
                                SWปH!ghw*y
                                Admlntftrmtion

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                                                     IV.

       ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

US 113 Planning Study
Snow Hill, Maryland to Delaware State Line
      Office of Planning and Preliminary Engineering
      Maryland State Highway Administration

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US 113 Planning Study
IV.    ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

The environmental consequences of the alternatives under consideration are described in this chapter
of the DEIS, as well as a discussion of the consequences of avoidance and minimization of these
impacts.   Mitigation measures are  also discussed where appropriate.  The extent of impacts
discussed in this chapter, as well as further opportunities to avoid and minimize impacts, will be
refined during preliminary engineering, should a build alternative be selected.

A.     Traffic and Transportation Network

Worcester County's transportation system is dominated by a combination of federal, state and county
roads.  US 113, the major north-south route serving the County, accommodates a wide range of
vehicular traffic, including rural agricultural/residential trips, commercial trips, recreational trips,
and through trips.  Bus service consists  of numerous school bus trips and demand response rural
transit operated by the County's Commission on Aging. As discussed in Chapter m, Section A, the
extensive poultry industry throughout the Eastern Shore contributes to the truck traffic along US 113.
Tourist attractions, such as Ocean  City, Pocomoke River  State Park, Assateague Island  and
additional shoreline attractions located along the Eastern Shore, contribute to traffic demands that
increase significantly during the summer months. US 113 is a four-lane divided roadway south of
Snow  Hill, through the Berlin area, and north of the Delaware State Line. The remaining  two
segments of US 113 consist of two-lane undivided highway.

The current ADT (year 1995) ranges from 3,500 to 7,500 vehicles per day for the southern study area
and 6,400 to 12,200 vehicles per day  for the northern study area.  The current summer ADT (1995)
ranges from 4,900 to 8,900 vehicles per day for the southern study area and 8,300 to 18,500 vehicles
per day for the northern study area.  Summer ADT volumes range from 19 percent to 52 percent
higher than the yearly ADT for the same portion of US 113. Existing ADT volumes are presented
in Table 1-1 and on Figures IV-1A through ID. Trucks currently make up 14 percent of the ADT
volumes on US 113.

 Design year (2020)  traffic forecasts were  prepared in  accordance with the  Comprehensive
 Development Plan for Worcester County and assume completion of four lanes along US 113 in
 Delaware. These design year forecasts indicate a 1 percent difference among the alternatives under
 consideration (i.e. between the No-Build and Dualize alternatives).  The design year ADT for the
 southern study area ranges from 5,000 to 10,800 vehicles per day and 7,000 to 12,900 vehicles per
 day during the summer months.  The design year ADT for the northern study area ranges from
 10,100 to 20,000 vehicles per day during non-summer timeframe (or months) and 13,600 to 30,400
 vehicles per day during the summer months. Projected ADT volumes are presented in Table 1-1 and
 Figures F/-1A through ID.

 Traffic flow is measured by determining a level of service (LOS) for the roadway (see Chapter I,
 Section C for a description of each level of service).  Each level of service coincides with conditions
 that drivers experience while traveling along a roadway. LOS designations, from A to F, are used
 to define traffic operations on any given section of highway. LOS A indicates ideal conditions and

                                           W-l

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US 113 Planning Study
LOS F indicates severe congestion with substantial delays.  In the rural/agricultural areas through
which US  113 passes (i.e., outside of the corporate limits of Berlin), travelers expect traffic
conditions to be free of congestion, as represented by LOS A, B, or C.

The following paragraphs summarize expected traffic operations under each of the alternatives
retained for detailed study:

       1.      No-Build Alternatives Baseline
              (Alternatives IS and IN)

       The No-Build Alternatives, as described in Chapter H, Section D.2, would not provide major
       improvements to the existing  US  113  roadways.   Specific improvements recently
       implemented or programmed for implementation are listed in Tables II-1A through ID, and
       the locations of these improvements  are shown on Figures II-2A through H-2D.  Typical
       sections  are  shown on  Figure  n-3.   The  routine maintenance  operations would not
       measurably affect roadway capacity.  Spot improvements  would continue as  funding
       becomes available. Although the No-Build Alternatives will not meet the project need, they
       are being used as a basis of comparison for the analysis of the other alternatives. Existing and
       design year 2020 levels of service for the No-Build Alternatives are presented on Figures IV-
       1A through ID and summarized on Table S-l.

       2.      Transportation Systems Management Alternatives
              (Alternatives 2S and 2N)

       The Transportation Systems Management (TSM) Alternatives, as described in Chapter H,
       Section D.3, would provide improvements along the existing roadway to enhance safety and
       reduce traffic congestion without adding through traffic capacity or other major alterations
       to the existing two lane highway. The TSM improvements include intersection improvements
       and additional measures to improve the  safety of the existing two-lane roadway. The TSM
       Alternatives include continued short-term spot improvements such as signing and marking,
       street  lighting, and warning flashers, and  addresses longer-term  improvements  with
       additional turning, acceleration/deceleration, and bypass lanes; skid resistant pavement
       overlays; rumble slots along the centerline and along the outside edges of pavement; and, the
       limiting of passing through some areas.  The improvements would be prioritized during the
       final design phase. The TSM improvements are listed in Tables H-1A through ID, and
       locations of these  improvements are shown on Figures H-2A through 2D. Typical sections
       are shown on Figure H-3.  Traffic operations (LOS) would be similar to the No-Build
       Alternatives, as shown on Figures  IV-1A through ID and as summarized on Table S-l.

       3.     Two-Lanes with 20' Median Alternative (Alternative 2S-20' Median)

       This alternative would provide a 20-foot wide median (either paved or grass) with guardrail
       and typically one (1) lane per direction along existing US 113 in only the southern study area
       (see Chapter E, Section D.4.).  At intersections, left turn lanes would be provided in the

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                                                                                  N

                                                                            0 1000 2000 3000 4000
                                                                              OBBBt^H—IM
                                                                              SCALE IN FEET
  Legend

Average Daily Traffic (ADT)
             Summer
    Yearly      (Saturdays
   (weekdays     Memorial
    •II year)      Day to
             Labor Day)
Level of Service (LOS)
          Summer
  Yearly   (Saturdays
 (weekdays   Memorial
  aDyaar)     Day to
         Labor Day)
         ADT
      LOS
1995

2020
 1995

 2020
                                         KEY MAP
                                     US 113 PLANNING STUDY
1995 & No-Build 2020

       ADT & LOS

  SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                                         AOmintttrmOon
             April 1997
Figure
IV-1A

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  Legend


Average Dally Traffic (ADT)
             Summar
    YMiV      (Stfuttkya
   (weeMivt     Memorial
    tlyew)       Dtyto
             LปborDซy)

        APT

1995 L5ySpQ|fi
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  legend


Average Daily Traffic (ADT)    Level of Service (LOS)
             Summer               Summer
    Yearly      (Saturdays       Ysarty    (Saturdays
   (weekdays     Memorial      (weekdays    Memorial
    all year)      Day to        aHyear)    Dtyto
             Labor Day)              Labor Day)
         ADT
     LOS
1995

2020
1995

2020
                                                         •-'* ://^^i Jt JT-*lป iO
                                                          BERLIN
                                                         *y>
        .
                                           ADT

                                                       " mONSHlRE
                                   ADT
                                                                *SR,
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                         /
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                               LOS '-%          yH.j       •L_'V^^.5-'!4f'XV "~
      LOS
                         LOS
                                          KEY MAP
                                     US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                    1995 & No-Build 2020
                                           ADT & LOS
                                      SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                                          StfttHjghwty
                                                April1997
Figure
IV-1C

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                    Average Dally Traffic (ADT)   Level of Service
                                 Summer              Sur
                        Yearly     (Saturdays       Yearly    (Sat;
                       (weekdays     Memorial      (weekdays   Mer
                        an year)      Day to        aflyoar)
                                Labor Day)             Lalx
14,02517,325
                         US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                       1995 & No-Build 2020

                              ADT & LOS
                          NORTHERN STUDY AREA

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US 113 Planning Study
       median; right turn lanes would be provided where warranted by traffic volumes. In order to
       facilitate passing maneuvers, four (4) passing lanes 12-feet in width and approximately 1 to
       1.25 miles in length (2 for northbound and 2 for southbound traffic) would be provided.
       Typical sections are shown on Figure TJ-4. The seven (7) plates for this alternative are
       presented in Appendix A (Scale: 1" = 400').

       Traffic operations at intersections under this alternative would improve over the No-Build
       due to the provision of turn lanes at cross streets; although the basic number of lanes would
       remain at two with NO PASSING opportunities being severely limited in comparison to the
       No-Build and all other alternatives (i.e. passing would only be permitted along the four (4)
       passing lanes). In summary, traffic operations (LOS) would probably average slightly better
       than  the No-Build Alternative IS,  as shown on  Figures  IV-1A  through 1C and as
       summarized on Table S-l.

       4.     Dualization Alternatives
              (Alternatives 3S, 3N, 4N Modified, and Combination Alternatives)

       Each of the dualization alternatives, as described in Chapter H, Sections D.5. through D.9,
       propose a four-lane divided roadway with a median (both 20- foot wide and 34-foot wide
       medians are being evaluated).  Access  would be  partially controlled.  The dualization
       alternatives in the southern study area are being evaluated in accordance with 60 MPH design
       criteria (Alternative 3S); 50 MPH and 60 MPH design criteria are being evaluated for the
       dualization alternatives along existing US 113 in the northern study area 3N alternatives; and
       the new location and combination alternatives are being evaluated for 60 MPH design
       criteria. Typical sections are shown on Figures H-6, -7, and -8.^ The ten (10) plates for the
       dualization alternatives  are presented in Appendix A (Scale:  1" = 400').

       Traffic volumes for the design year 2020 are forecast to increase slightly (less than 1 percent)
       over the No-Build.  LOS, however, would greatly improve given the increased operational
       flexibility and capacity of the roadway under the dualization alternatives.

       Intersections projected  to operate  at LOS F under No-Build conditions in the year 2020
       would improve to LOS C or D under each of the dualization alternatives. Through traffic on
       the roadway would improve to LOS C or better under each of the dualization alternatives.
        See Figures IV-1A through ID and the summary on Table S-l.

        5.     Safety

        Accidents occurring in the study area are discussed in Chapter I, Purpose and Need. As
        shown on Table 1-2, US 113 experienced a total of 947 accidents from January 1980 through
        December 1995 (a 16-year period).  The fatal accident rate is equal to or greater than the
        statewide average rate for both study areas, and the rate for injury accidents and property
        damage accidents in the northern study area is greater than the statewide average rate for
        the 1980 through 1995 period.

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US 113 Planning Study
       Table 1-3 presents a detailed analysis for the accidents which occurred along the two-lane
       portions  of US  113 for the 6-year period from  1990 through  1995. The following
       observations may be drawn from these 6-years of accident data:

        the statistically determined fatal accident rate is equal to or higher than the statewide
        average rate for both study areas and significantly greater in the northern study area.

        the overall accident rate in the northern study area is greater than the statewide average
        rate.

        the accident rates in the northern study area for angle collisions, fixed object, opposite
        direction and pedestrian accidents are greater than the statewide average, and significantly
        greater statistically for angle collisions and fixed object accidents.

        furthermore, in the northern study area, the wet surface related accidents and alcohol
        related accidents are significantly greater statistically than the statewide average rate.

        The high number of fatal accidents is a primary purpose for conducting this study. Fall and
        summer have represented the seasons that experience the highest number of fetol accidaits.
        Figures 1-1A through ID identifies the locations and provides a description of the 40 fatal
        accidents for the period January 1980 through April 1997 (17 years plus 4 months).  A total
        of 46 people have died as a result of vehicular accidents along the two-lane portions
        of US 113 during the January  1980 through April 1997 period. Additional details on
        these fatal accidents are presented in Table 1-4.

        An analysis of the potential consequences of each of the alternatives under consideration
        in terms of the total number  of accidents has been completed, as follows (and  are
        summarized in Table IV-1 and Table S-l).

       - Alternatives IS and IN (No-Build):  The No-Build alternatives would not provide major
        improvements to the existing US 113 roadways. The minor improvements which would
        occur as part of normal maintenance and safety operations do not provide features that
        would prevent further opposite direction collisions where the probable cause was identified
         as the  failure to drive in the designated lane or failure to keep right of the centerlme. In
         addition the No-Build alternatives would not remove obstructions along the edges of the
         existing shoulders, obstructions which contribute to hit-fixed-object accidents. Therefore,
         accidents would be expected to occur at a rate similar to the historical rate along the two-
         lane portions of US  113 for Alternatives IS and  IN.  Increasing traffic volumes will
         correspondingly, increase the total number of accidents from the number being experienced
         today.

      • Alternatives  2S and 2N  (TSM): The TSM Alternatives would  provide operational
         improvements as previously  discussed  and could be expected to  produce  minor
         improvements in the overall accident rates. The pavement overlays, rumble  strips, and

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175 113 Planning Study
        intersection improvements would slightly reduce the overall accident rate, although opposite
        direction and hit-fixed-object accidents would not be substantially altered. While the rate
        at which these accidents are predicted to occur would be lower than the rate anticipated for
        the No-Build, the total number of accidents will, with increasing traffic volumes, also
        increase.

        Alternative 2S-201 Median: This alternative would provide a 20-foot wide median with
        traffic barrier separating the single northbound and southbound traffic lanes. Designed in
        accordance with 60 MPH criteria, 10-foot wide paved shoulders and 20-foot wide safety
        grading would be provided (except in environmentally sensitive areas, where the safety
        grading would be replaced by guardrail to reduce impacts).  The provision of this median
        would nearly eliminate opposite direction accidents (although the narrow median could be
        expected  to  increase the  number  of hit-fixed-object accidents due to the presence of
        guardrail  in the median). The provision of full safety grading would reduce the hit fixed
        object accidents now occurring along the roadside edges.  Because this typical section (i.e.
        one lane per direction separated by a median with traffic barrier) is somewhat unusual, and
        due to  the narrow  median width, however,  the  overall accident rate is expected to
        experience an improvement in comparison to the No-Build but less than the degree of
        improvement anticipated for the dualization alternatives.

        Alternatives 3S, 3N, 4N Modified, and Combination: An analysis of the accident rates
        for the dualized/new location alignments has been conducted based on two sources of
        research pertaining to median widths and their relation to accident experience.  The first
        source (NYS DOT Traffic Safety Report, 1985, printed in Traffic Conflict Techniques for
        Safety and Operations, USDOT/FHWA, 1990) lists proposed roadway improvements and
        their predicted effect on overall accident rates. Based on this research, reconstructing a two-
        lane road to provide a median (no width specified) with left turn refuge areas should reduce
        accidents by 24%. A second source (Association of Median Width and Highway Accident
        Rates, TRR 1401,  1993) provided a log-linear regression analysis to predict the effect of
        median width on accident rates. This research, based on research from the states of Utah
         and Dlinois, predicts a net reduction of accidents of 25% by increasing the median width
         from 0-feet to 34-feeL Applying the results from these sources to the dualization of US 113
         with a median, a 24% reduction of the existing accident rates for both the northern and
         southern study areas is appropriate to establish the corresponding predicted accident rates.
         The presence of a traffic barrier in the median of the 20-foot median alternatives would
         nearly eliminate opposite direction accidents (although the  number  of hit fixed object
         accidents could be expected to increase).

         Access control measures, especially along the new location alignments, and the provisions
         of safety grading (9-feet for the 50 MPH design speed alternatives and 20-feet for the 60
         MPH design speed alternatives)  will also reduce angle collisions and hit fixed object
         accidents.
                                            IV-5

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US 113 Planning Study
        While the predicted number of accidents  shown  in Table IV-1  for the dualization
        alternatives may not be dramatically less than the numbers'shown for the other alternatives,
        the accident severity is predicted to be substantially improved due to the provision of safety
        recovery areas, medians, and control of access to the extent possible.
        The following table summarizes the results of these accident analyses:
                              Table IV-1: Projected Accident Data
              Alternative
    Existing Year
(average for 1990-1995)
          SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
  Alt. IS No-Build
  AU.2S-TSM
  Alt. 2S - 20' Median (60 MPH)
  Alt. 3S - 20' Median (60 MPH)
  Alt. 3S - 34' Median (60 MPH)
                                                29 accidents
           NORTHERN STUDY AREA
  Alt. IN No-Build
  AU.2N-TSM
  Alt. 3N-20' (50 MPH)
  ••^w—^——ป^—^^—ซ^"•-"^—"
  Alt. 3N-20' (60 MPH)
   Alt. 3N-341 (50 MPH)
                  	—
   Alt. 3N-341 (60 MPH)
   Alt. 4N Modified-20' Median (60 MPH)
   Alt. 4N Modified-34' Median (60 MPH)
   Alt. 3N/4N Modified-20' Median (60 MPH)
                                                33 accidents
                                                                            Design Year 2020
                                                                               40 accidents
                                                                               38 accidents
                                    34 accidents
                                   •in   i—  "i  '™
                                    31 accidents
                                                                               31 accidents
                                                                               65 accidents
                                    62 accidents
                                                                               52 accidents
                                    50 accidents
                                                                               52 accidents
                                    50 accidents
                                                                               46 accidents
                                    46 accidents
                                                                               48 accidents
   Alt. 3N/4N Modified-34' Median (60 MPH)
   Footnote: Fatal accidents
                                                 IV-6

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US 113 Planning Study
B.  Social, Economic and Land Use

       1.    Social Environment

       a.    Residential Displacements

       Residential property acquisition and  relocations  will be  required in certain areas by
       Alternative 2S-20' Median  and all dualize alternatives currently under consideration (as
       shown on  alternatives mapping in Appendix A).  All properties will  be acquired in
       accordance with the requirements of the Uniform Relocation and Real Property Acquisition
       Act of 1970, as amended in 1987.  Residential property acquisition includes unimproved
       property not owned by SHA that does not require the acquisition of  a  structure  and
       relocations that  will  require the acquisition  of  a  structure by all of  the dualization
       alternatives. Most of the residences are one- to two-story detached dwellings and mobile
       homes. Table IV-2 shows the number of relocations and estimated right-of-way cost of each
       alternative.

       Alternatives IS and IN, would not impact any residential properties, nor would it displace
       any residences. Alternatives 2S and 2N will not require any residential relocations, although
       right-of-way would need to be acquired from some residential properties. This would allow
       for intersection improvements, roadside safety modifications and improved  signalization.

       The Coastal Association of Realtors, located  in Salisbury, Maryland, was contacted to
       determine  the availability of housing  in the study area. As of April 1997, over 90 single
       family houses are available in Berlin, Newark and Snow Hill. The list price of housing
       ranges between $25,000 and $692,000. There are also over 100 residential lots for sale in
       these areas ranging in price from approximately $10,000 to $1.4 million.

       The provisions of the Federal and State laws require SHA to provide payments and services
       to persons displaced by a public project. The  payments  include replacement housing
       payments and moving costs. In the event comparable replacement housing is not available
       within the monetary limits for owners and tenants to rehouse persons displaced by public
       projects or available replacement housing is beyond their financial means, replacement
        "housing as a last resort" will be utilized to accomplish the rehousing. Detailed studies must
       be completed by SHA before "housing as a last resort" can  be utilized. A person displaced
        by the acquisition of property by the State will not be required to move from their house until
        at lest one comparable house or apartment has been located and offered to that person. A
        summary  of the Relocation Assistance Program of the State of Maryland is provided in
        Appendix C of this document.
                                            IV-7

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US 113 Planning Study
       After the SHA relocation counselor's study has been completed, the displaced person(s) will
       receive a letter stating the amount of replacement housing payment eligibility. This letter
       contains a promise that the displaced person will not have to vacate the property for at least
       90 days. Once the state acquires the property, the displaced person(s) will receive a 30-day
       notice which contains a specific date to vacate (Maryland State Highway Administration, no
       date).

       Title VI Statement

       It is the policy of SHA to ensure compliance with the provisions of Title VI of the  Civil
       Rights  Act  of  1964  and  related civil  rights laws  and  regulations, which  prohibit
       discrimination on the grounds of race, color, sex, national origin, age, religion, physical or
       mental handicap or sexual orientation in all SHA projects funded in whole or in part by the
       Federal Highway Administration.  SHA will not discriminate in highway planning, design,
       or construction, the acquisition of right-of-way, or the provision of relocation advisory
       assistance.  This policy has been incorporated into all levels of the highway planning process
       to ensure that proper consideration may be given to the social, economic and environmental
       effects of all  highway projects. Alleged discriminatory actions should be addressed to the
       Equal Opportunity Section of SHA for investigation.
                                           IV-8

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US 113 Planning Study
          Table IV-2: Right-of-Way Impacts and Displacements by Alternative
l=— ============
Alternatives ;
IS -No-Build
IN - No-Build
2S - TSM
2N - TSM
2S-201 Median
3S-20' Median
3S-341 Median
3N-20' Median (50 MPH)
3N-201 Median (60 MPH)
3N-341 Median (50 MPH)
3N-341 Median (60 MPH)
4N Modified -20' Median
4N Modified -34' Median
3N/4N Modified -20' Median
3N/4N Modified -34' Median

"•
Additional
Right-of-Way
Required
None
None
Minimal
Minimal
31 acres
67 acres
74 acres
86 acres
122 acres
78 acres
136 acres
1 1 1 acres
123 acres
102 acres
113 acres
ฑ=====
:======
Residential
Displacements
Sll'J'll "Jill " --—
None
None
None
None
4
2
2
19
23
22
24
7
8
15
15
— T-J 	 ; . .- ,
========
Business
Displacements
....
None
None
None
None
1*
1*
1*
7
6
7
6
4*
4*
4*
4*

^— — i
Total
Right-of-Way
Costs
=======
None
None
Minimal
Minimal
Minimal
$ 1.6 M
S1.7M '
$12.8 M
$12.8 M
$12.8 M
' $14.2 M
$ 9.4 M
$10.4 M
$8.8M
$9.8M
J 	 M

        b.  Effects on Elderly and Handicapped Groups

        There are no known concentrations of elderly residents in the study area. Alternatives IS, IN,
        2S and 2N would not displace any elderly residents. All of the proposed alternatives in the
        northern study area are located in census tracts 9913, 9915, 9916, and 9917, which have
        elderly populations of 16.0 percent, 14.4 percent, 21.8 percent, and 16.0 percent respectively
        All of the proposed alternatives in the southern study area are located in census tracts 9919
        and 9920 which have  elderly populations of 14.2 percent and 17.2 percent, respectively
        Adverse impacts to the elderly community are not anticipated as a result of the proposed
        improvements.

        Concentrations of handicapped individuals are located either in the existing dualized portion
        of the US 113 study area or outside of the proposed right-of-way of any of the alternative^
        Adverse impacts to this population group are not anticipated by any of the alternatives. If
        required, appropriate relocation advisory services will be offered to displaced elderly and
        handicapped individuals.
                                            7V-9

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US 113 Planning Study
       c.   Environmental Justice

       Some minority residential displacements would be required as a result of the proposed
       roadway improvements. In order to determine the likelihood that minority communities may
       be impacted, each alternative was studied to determine which census tract it would impact
       and what percentage of minorities are present in those census tracts. The SHA District Office
       of Real Estate conducted an evaluation to determine the presence of minority-owned and
       occupied residences and businesses in the  study area and drafted a Detailed Relocation
       Assistance Report.

       African-Americans are the predominant minority population in Worcester County. All of the
       proposed alternatives in the northern study area are located in census tracts 9913,9915,9916,
       and 9917, which have African-American  populations of 15.6 percent, 28.4 percent, 1.1
       percent, and 1.6 percent respectively. All of the proposed alternatives in the southern study
       area are located in census tracts 9919 and 9920, which have African-American populations
       of 24.1 percent and 40.7 percent respectively. This information may not be indicative of the
       local racial population group distribution where displacements are projected to occur. In a
       public outreach  effort  to supplement  the census  tract  information,  the SHA  sent
       correspondence to area churches requesting their assistance in informing their members of
       the project  and helping to identify minority and  low income concentrations in the project
       area.  SHA also offered to meet with the churches to discuss the project.

       All of the 3N and 3N/4N Modified alternatives would widen the existing roadway on the east
       side where the minority community of twelve houses is located just south of Bishop between
       US  113 and Old Stage Road. None of these houses will be displaced as a result of these
       alternatives.  A  small amount  of right-of-way would need to be acquired  from the
       unimproved driveway leading into this community. Indirect impacts as a result of land use
       growth patterns are not anticipated as a result of the  proposed transportation improvements.
       This community is located in a light industrial (M-l) zone adjacent to land zoned A-l. A
       worst case scenario of five residential dwellings (which is the allowable residential density
       for  a parcel  of land  zoned A-l) being constructed  adjacent to this community is not
       anticipated to create adverse living conditions for this community.

       Alternatives IS, IN, 2S, 2N, 4N Modified -20' Median and 4N Modified -34' Median would
       not generate any minority displacements and would not impact any minority communities.
       All of the 3N alternatives would require the acquisition of five minority residences. Both
       3N/4N Modified alternatives would require the acquisition of four minority residences. The
       3S alternatives would required the acquisition of one minority residence as would Alternative
       2S-20' Median. No minority businesses will be displaced by any of the proposed alternatives.
                                          IV-10

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US 113 Planning Study
       According to SHA, income levels of families affected by the proposed improvements range
       from middle to lower income.

       Noise and air quality sampling were conducted in the small minority community along Old
       Stage Road near Bishop.  The ambient and design year (2020) noise levels did not exceed
       FHWA noise abatement criterion (see Table IV-18).  The air quality analysis indicates that
       carbon monoxide impacts generated by any of the proposed alternatives would not result in
       a violation of the S/NAAQS  1-hour  CO concentration of 35 ppm or the 8-hour CO
       concentration of 9 ppm (see Tables IV-15). Adverse noise and air quality impacts to this
       community are not anticipated as a result of the proposed alternatives.

       The analysis of minority population groups and low income population groups in the study
       area indicates that no disproportionate  amount of adverse impacts will occur as a result of
       any of the proposed alternatives.  The  proposed dualize alternatives would provide better
       access to community facilities and services for minority and low income populations living
       in the study area.

       Appropriate relocation advisory services will be offered to displaced minority or low income
       persons, if required.  Related environmental justice impacts will be addressed according to
       the provisions of Executive Order 12898, "Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice
       in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations."  Also, Title VI of the Civil Rights
       Act, as highlighted previously in the "Residential Displacements" discussion of this Chapter,
       ensures that no person will be discriminated against by actions of the SHA, relating to the
       project.

       d.   Effects on Community Facilities

       Places of Worship

       No places of worship will need to be  acquired with any of the proposed alternatives.
       Alternatives IS,  IN, 2S and 2N do not require acquisition of right-of-way from places of
       worship in the study area. All of the proposed dualization alternatives  would provide
       improved access to worship facilities in the study area with the additional lane provided in
       the design of these alternatives. All of the 3N Alternatives will provide a service road or
        improved driveway to Calvary Chapel and Temple Bat Yam. Parishioners of the Calvary
        Pentecostal Church near Bishop who travel north on US 113 would have to perform a U-turn
        at an intersection north of the place of worship  to access it. The Snow Hill Mennonite
        Church would have a median break placed in front of it with the 3S alternatives.

        Alternative 3S-341 Median (60 MPH)  will require approximately 0.1 acres of right-of-way
        from the Snow Hill Mennonite Church property. Alternative 3N-34' Median (60 MPH) will
        require 0.3 acres of right-of-way from Temple Bat Yam, 0.5 acres of right-of-way from
        Calvary Chapel, 0.4 acre of right-of-way from the site of Trinity Charismatic Episcopal
        Church and approximately 0.3 acre from Calvary Pentecostal  Church. Impacts will be less

                                           IV-11

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US 113 Planning Study
       with the 20' median alternatives. SHA will negotiate the acquisition of right-of-way with
       affected property owners.

       Emergency Services

       US 113 is the primary north/south route used by emergency personnel and is a crucial link
       between  study area communities and emergency services. According to the Worcester
       County Fire Marshal's office, there have been no problems or complaints regarding response
       times to fires and other emergencies with existing US 113 (Taylor, 1996).  The dualization
       alternatives will each add one travel lane in each direction, and the 2S-20' Median alternative
       provides an approximate one mile long passing lane in both the northbound and southbound
       lanes in the vicinities of Basket Switch and Snow Hill, allowing emergency vehicles to safely
       pass other vehicles. The proposed interchange at US 113 and MD Route 90 associated with
       all of the dualize alternatives in the northern study area will provide better  access to
       emergencies as compared to the existing interchange. A flashing red light at the existing
       interchange warns vehicles to stop before proceeding onto MD Route 90 as the speed limit
       here is 50  miles per hour. The 2S  and 2N Alternatives incorporate additional turning,
       acceleration/  deceleration  and bypass  lanes in its  design which  also  provide  better
       accessibility for emergency vehicles.  The No-Build Alternative does not adversely impact
       emergency services.

       Response times by emergency vehicles may increase with the alternatives that  include a
       median. The median acts  as a barrier, changing the access for emergency vehicles. For
       example, emergency vehicles traveling north would have to perform a U-turn at the nearest
       intersection to reach an emergency situation located on the  southbound side of the road. The
       Worcester  County Office  of  Emergency Services has been requested  to review the
       alternatives under consideration and provide additional analysis as to how the alternatives
       might affect response times and service.

       The Showell volunteer fire department, located on the northbound side of US 113 in the
       northern  study area, is the only fire  station located along  US 113 in the study area.  A
       mitigation measure that should be considered in the final design if either Alternative 3N-201
       Median (50 MPH) or 3N-34' Median (50 MPH) is chosen  as the Selected Alternative, is
       placing a median break in front of the  fire station for official use only along with a flashing
       yellow signal in both directions of traffic.  This signal would alert motorists to the presence
       of a fire station. The fire department would have the control of turning the signal to red to
       stop traffic and allow their emergency  vehicles to  safely proceed onto the  roadway.
       Depending on where the emergency  is located, station personnel could stop northbound
       traffic if the emergency is located in the north or both directions of traffic if the emergency
       is south of the station. The two 3N (60 MPH) alternatives  would create an approximate 0.5
       mile service road out of existing US 113 in  the Showell area. This service road would
       provide access to residences and businesses as well as  the Showell Fire Department.
                                          IV-12

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US 113 Planning Study
       Other Community Facilities

       No libraries, health care facilities, schools, public parks, or senior citizens centers will be
       displaced or require the acquisition of land by the proposed alternatives. The additional travel
       lane incorporated into the dualization alternatives, along with the passing lanes associated
       with the 2S-201 Median alternative would provide better access to these facilities within the
       study area.

       Recreation Opportunities

       The additional travel lanes incorporated into the dualization alternatives and the passing lane
       included in the design of Alternative 2S-201 Median will  improve access to recreational
       facilities and the beach resorts within the study area. Newark Road, which is part of the
       View Trail 100 Scenic bike trail, intersects with US 113 at Newark.  Bicyclists will have
       additional travel  lanes to cross on  US  113 with Alternatives 3S-201 Median and 3S-34'
       Median; however, the median will provide refuge. The View Trail 100 will remain in the
       same location.  There will  be no loss in use  or continuity  of the trail,  even  during the
       construction phase. Construction will occur within SHA right-of-way and will not require
       additional right-of-way from other roads which  comprise the trail. No parks or recreational
       facilities in the study area will be adversely affected by any of the Alternatives or require the
       acquisition of right-of-way.

       SHA may look at ways to alert motorists to the presence of bicyclists in the area where the
       View Trail 100 crosses US  113. No other mitigation measures are considered necessary for
       recreational facilities in the study area.

       Utilities

       Permanent disruption of utility services is not anticipated as a result  of the proposed
       alternatives. Temporary disruption of utility service may occur if utility lines located along
       the right-of-way need to be relocated. It will be necessary for SHA to coordinate with the
       utility companies and Worcester County to locate utility lines and prevent or minimize the
       amount of disruption of electric, gas, water, sewer, telephone and cable television service
       within the study area. The  utility companies, in conjunction  with the SHA, should inform
       their service  areas  by  signage and/or media outlets regarding  any  planned service
       interruptions as a result of the proposed roadway improvements.

       The Worcester  County  Comprehensive Development Plan states  that one of the most
       powerful growth management tools  available is the provision  of sewerage and sewage
       disposal systems. The plan states that "new service should be extended only to those areas
       where control sewer facilities are required to accommodate anticipated higher growth" and
       that "new sewer service should not be extended to areas where high density growth is not
       desired." Future high density growth is not anticipated in the areas adjacent to US 113. Most
       of the future development is anticipated to occur east of US 113 along the waterfront of the
       coastal bay areas.
                                           IV-13

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US 113 Planning Study
      Transportation Systems

      No adverse impacts to the County's transportation network are anticipated with the proposed
      alternatives. Alternatives 2S and 2N provide improvements to the existing roadway without
      major alteration to enhance safety and reduce traffic congestion.  Improvements would be
      prioritized, based on detailed accident and traffic analyses. The dualize alternatives and
      Alternative 2S-201 Median will reduce the risk of a head-on collision between vehicles by
      separating northbound and southbound traffic with a median and decrease travel times,
      allowing the opportunity for faster moving vehicles to safely pass slower moving vehicles.
      The interchanges incorporated into the design of all of the northern study area dualization
      alternatives at US 113 and MD Route 90 will provide safer east/west and north/south access.

      Air and water transportation will not be disrupted as a result of the proposed action. The
      Maryland and Delaware Railroad crosses US 113 just south of Market Street near Snow Hill;
      near the intersection of US 113 and Newark Road; and just north of Bishop within the study
      area. Coordination between the railroad and SHA will be undertaken to avoid delays in any
      scheduled rail service during construction and to determine if additional signage or traffic
      control devices are needed for safety.

      e.   Disruption of Neighborhoods and Communities

       Impacts to the existing level of community cohesion are anticipated with the dualize and 2S-
      20'  Median  alternatives.  Although these  alternatives will not physically  bisect  any
       communities  not  already divided by US  113, they will create residential relocations as
       previously identified in Table IV-2  and disrupt  the  community cohesion of several
       communities with residences located on  both sides of US  113  in the study area. These
       alternatives have a median incorporated into their designs. The median is a physical barrier,
       allowing only right in/right out access to and from the existing roadway. The median would
       change the access and travel patterns  compared to the  unlimited access northbound and
       southbound that US 113 currently provides. For example, a resident who lives on the
       northbound side of US  113  and wants to go somewhere located on the southbound side
       would have to drive northbound to the  nearest intersection and perform a U-turn.

       The 3N-34' Median (60 MPH) alternative would require the acquisition of 24 residences, the
       highest number of residential displacements out of all of the alternatives under consideration.
       The IS, IN, 2S and 2N alternatives do not displace any residences. The communities that
       will experience the majority of the residential displacements are Jones, Showell and Bishop,
       all located in the northern study area.

       Relocating displaced residents in proximity to their former residences will reduce the impacts
       of the proposed dualize and 2S-20' Median alternatives on community cohesion in the study
       area.  The construction  phase of the proposed project may lead to increased travel times
       between  communities as  detours and delays in the flow of traffic are enacted to allow
       construction  equipment access to the project area. This is considered a temporary impact.
                                          IV-14

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US 113 Planning Study
       Alternatives IS  and IN will not directly impact any neighborhoods; however, these
       alternatives would do nothing to improve safety between neighborhoods for motorists,
       bicyclists and pedestrians, negating any opportunities for better community cohesion. By
       providing localized intersection and safety improvements, the 2S and 2N Alternatives would
       benefit neighborhoods to a limited degree and provide opportunities for improved community
       cohesion throughout the US 113 corridor.

       County land use objectives include "encourage new development projects to locate in or near
       the existing population centers  and service centers (where planned) but also discourage
       development of the rural areas of the County" and "maintain the rural character of Worcester
       and its existing population centers, small towns and villages" (Worcester County Planning
       Commission, 1989). The responsibility of regulating land use and development rests with the
       Worcester County Commission and the Worcester County Planning, Permits and Inspections
       (WCPPI) office.  Some new single family houses have been constructed along Shingle
       Landing Road in the northern study area adjacent to the lot where a new garden center is
       being developed. A new place of worship, Temple Bat Yam, is presently under construction
       just north of the MD 90/US 113 interchange. No new development is taking place in the
       southern study area.  New development  is being targeted toward the existing population
       centers where infrastructure and community facilities and services are located. Development
       is occurring along the coastal bay areas of Ocean Pines, Cape Isle of Wight, St. Martin's
       Neck and West Ocean City.

       Citizens of the Friendship/Jones community located in the northern study area along both
       sides of existing US 113 have expressed their concern regarding property values, residential
       displacements, access issues and noise levels as they relate to Alternative 3N-341 Median (60
       MPH).  Because of its proximity to the existing roadway, Alternative 3N-34' Median (60
       MPH) would require right-of-way from property located  adjacent to US 113, with some
       residential  units and businesses being displaced. Eight residences in the Friendship/Jones
       area would be displaced with this alternative. This alternative is perceived by the community
       as a disruption to their cohesion because of the dualization of the existing road.  In addition,
       residents who want to enter their vehicles onto the roadway from their driveways will not be
       able to cross the highway in most locations because of the grass median associated with this
       alternative separating northbound and southbound traffic.

       The  citizens in this community are in support of the 4N Modified alternatives because they
       avoid impacts to this established community and the quality of life they currently experience.
       Alternatives 4N Modified -34' Median and -20' Median are avoidance alternatives and would
       not impact any of the residences in the Friendship/Jones area that would be displaced by
       Alternative 3N-34' Median (60 MPH).  Alternative 3N-201 Median (50 MPH) has been
       designed in an effort to minimize the amount of right-of-way required. The right-of-way line
       would be located further away from residences and would not require as many residential
       takes as Alternative 3N-341 Median (60 MPH) would. The changes in accessibility associated
       with Alternative 3N-341 Median  (60  MPH) would also  occur with this  alternative. A
       mitigation measure to be considered if one of the 3N Alternatives is chosen as the Selected

                              ~           IV-15

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US 113 Planning Study
      Alternative  is  to  relocate  those displaced residents  who  wish to  remain  in  the
      Friendship/Jones area as close to this community as possible.

      Access control issues will be addressed on a property-by-property basis  during the final
      design phase of the project. There are no new residences in the study area that would become
      frontal property as a result of the dualize alternatives. Residences already front existing US
       113 there the 3S and 3N alternatives would be located parallel to the  existing roadway.
      Farmland and forest front the 4N Modified and 3N/4N Modified alternatives. According to
      the Worcester County Assessment Office, property values, in the long term, may increase
      with the dualize alternatives (Slater, 1997).

      f.   Effects on Access to Services and Facilities

      The schools, churches, health care facilities, recreational facilities, libraries and senior citizen
      centers would be provided with improved accessibility with dualize and 2S-201 Median
      alternatives. The additional  lane  of travel incorporated into the  design of the  dualize
      alternatives  and the passing  lane  associated with  the 2S-20' Median would allow faster
      moving vehicles to  safely pass slower moving vehicles. The service roads incorporated into
      the  design of the  3N  Alternatives  will provide  access to  businesses,  residences, and
      emergency vehicles in Jones and Showell. The service roads also limit the number of access
      points to US 113, which would improve safety.  Although the latest data  shows that there
      have been no head-on collisions  involving public safety vehicles, (Wilson,  1997),  the
      dualization and 2S-20' Median alternatives  separate northbound and southbound traffic
      allowing these vehicles to  safely pass without the risk of a head-on collision. The alternatives
      with a median also allow  motorists to stop for school buses traveling in  the same direction
      letting motorists in  the opposite travel lanes to continue moving. Alternatives 4N Modified
      -20' Median, 4N Modified -34' Median, 3N/4N Modified -20' Median and 3N/4N Modified
      -34' Median would  separate through traffic from local traffic in sections of its  design.  This
      would allow those who want to bypass the local services to do so while providing motorists
      the opportunity to visit a  local business, residence, or community facility. The 2S  and  2N
      alternatives  would only  provide localized improvements and would  not reduce traffic
      congestion in the region over the long term. Alternatives IS and IN do not provide improved
      access to the services and facilities in the study area.

      The dualize and 2S-20' Median alternatives would change the access for area residents
      compared to current conditions. Motorists and emergency vehicles requiring access to  the
       opposite side of US 113  from which they  are driving would have to travel to  the nearest
       intersection  to make a  U-turn. This situation would slightly increase the travel time to a
       destination compared to the  existing condition of unlimited northbound  and southbound
       access on US 113.
                                          IV-16

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US 113 Planning Study
       2.    Economic Environment

       a.   Effects on Existing Businesses

       Businesses will be displaced by roadway improvements associated with Alternative 2S-20'
       Median and by the dualize alternatives. Table IV-3  shows the business displacements
       associated with each alternative.  Alternatives 2S-20' Median, 3S-201 Median and 3S-34'
       Median would require the acquisition of one business. The relocation of a produce stand will
       also be required with both 3S alternatives. Alternatives 3N-20' Median (50 MPH) and 3N-
       34' Median (50 MPH) would require the acquisition of seven businesses. Alternatives 3N-
       20' Median (60 MPH) and 3N-34' Median (60 MPH) would require the acquisition of six
       businesses.   Alternatives 4N Modified -20' Median,  4N Modified -34' Median, 3N/4N
       Modified -20' Median  and 3N/4N Modified - 34' Median would require the acquisition of
       four businesses. The  IS,  IN, 2S and 2N Alternatives will not  generate  any business
       displacements.

       All of the proposed dualization alternatives in the northern study area will indirectly impact
       three businesses. Storage areas associated with Ocean Designs and a welding shop will be
       displaced by these alternatives. In addition, approximately half of the existing parking area
       in front of the Delmarva Veterinary Hospital will be relocated to the  northern side of the
       facility. The welding shop and Ocean Designs may require total acquisition if replacement
       storage areas cannot be provided. A more detailed analysis of this situation will occur during
       final design if one of these alternatives is chosen as the Selected Alternative.

       The employees of displaced businesses will also be affected by the roadway improvements.
       The distance and commute times to the relocated locations may increase so that employees
       would not be able to remain with their current employers.  Business owners may also want
       to relocate  their business out of the study area.  No  minority-owned businesses will be
       displaced as a result of the proposed roadway improvements. An inventory of the  number of
       people employed at each  displaced business was not conducted; however, the types of
       businesses that are to be displaced do not appear to employ a significant number of people
       and therefore, would not create a hardship to the community.

       Based on a review of the local real estate market, suitable commercial property is presently
       available in all areas of the project.  All  commercial properties acquired  by SHA for
       construction of the project will be compensated at fair market value and in accordance with
       the requirements of the Uniform Relocation and Real Property Acquisition Act of 1970, as
       amended in 1987.  It is the responsibility of the individual owners to select new properties
       for their businesses.
                                          IV-17

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          US 113 Planning Study
                               Table IV-3: Business Displacements by Alternative
3=3 :.s====ss=ss==ia:
Alternatives


| IS -No-Build |
2S-TSM
2S-20' Median
3S-20' Median
3S - 34' Median
IN -No-Build
2N - TSM
3N-20' Median
50MPH
3N-341 Median
50MPH
3N-20' Median
60MPH
3N-341 Median
60 MPH
4N Modified -
20' Median
4N Modified -
34" Median
3N/4N Modified
- 20' Median
3N/4N Modified
- 34' Median 	
• .'•'..- ;,V Name of Business , -\
General
Store &
Antiques

Station
1353-L
0
0
X
X
X
0
0
0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Vic's
Country
Store

Station
2035-R
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X

X

X

X

0

0

0

0

Showell..
Store ."

Station
2177-R
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X

X

X

X

0

0

0

0
"- ••-
Used :•',, .-.;''.
Furniture
and
Collectibles

Station
2182-R
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X

X

0

0

0

0

0

0
•
POP-.:
Pop's
Repairs

Station
2198-R
=
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

K.L. ;.,.,
Bradford
Ceramic
Tile&
Marble
Station
2205-L
=====
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X
=====
Warehouse

Station
2268-R
=====
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X
=====
Cactus
Cafe

Station
2371-L
======
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X
=====
Tot


0
0
1
1
J
c
c




6

6

4

4



4

           Note   -    Alternatives IS, IN, 2S and 2N do not displace any businesses
           X     -    Denotes displacement
           L     -    Left of centerline of alternative
           R     -    Right of centerline of alternative
                                                        IV-28
IS?

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US 113 Planning Study
       Alternatives with a median would change the access to local businesses compared to the
       existing roadway. For example, potential customers traveling northbound may have to travel
       to the nearest intersection and make a U-tum to visit a business located on the southbound
       side of the road. Service roads incorporated into the 3N Alternatives would provide access
       to businesses in Showell and Jones.

       The types of businesses in the study area are mixed. There are some restaurants, produce
       stands, and retail merchants that rely on drive-by traffic for their business. There are other
       businesses of a more industrial nature (feed mills, poultry-related industries) that do not rely
       on drive-by traffic for their business. There may be some loss of patronage of businesses by
       motorists not familiar with the study area or area residents who may decide it is not worth
       the effort to make a U-turn to patronize a business. However, it is anticipated that most area
       residents will make the turning movements necessary to patronize businesses with which they
       have a relationship.  Providing more signage along US 113 to alert motorists to businesses
       located on the opposite side of the roadway would increase the visibility of local businesses
       and may encourage patronage.

       b.   Effects on Regional Business Activities

       US 113 provides a critical link to the movement of goods and services along the east coast
       between Philadelphia and the Virginia Tidewater area. Roadway improvements can be an
       incentive to businesses  to relocate or remain in an area by providing a safer, more efficient
       transportation system.

       The poultry and tourism industries are vital to the regional economy. Farmers in the area
       contract with poultry processors to grow crops for feed and raise chickens for processing.
       Trucks use US 113 to travel to and from farms, processing plants and feed mills in the region.
       The addition of a travel lane in each direction associated with the dualization alternatives
       would facilitate the efficient movement of goods and services,  reduce traffic congestion,
       improve safety, and reduce travel time. Improvements to US  113  would make it safer for
       vacationers and truck drivers traveling in the Delmarva region.  A one percent increase in
       traffic volume  over the No-Build  Alternative traffic volume is projected with  the Build
       Alternatives. Travel characteristics are not anticipated to change with any of the Build
       Alternatives. The interchange associated with the dualization alternatives in the northern
       study area would provide an easier and safer connection between US 113 and MD Route 90.
       Alternatives 2S and 2N would provide only localized improvements in safety conditions and
       would not reduce traffic congestion in the region over the long term. Alternatives IS and IN
       will not improve the safety or improve the efficiency of traffic flow along US 113.

       The majority of the land use in the study area is agricultural. The County's Comprehensive
       Plan states that the County's land use objectives include encouraging growth in the existing
       population centers and discouraging new development in the rural areas.  The proposed Build
       Alternatives will not adversely impact the local economy with the loss of businesses required
       for right-of-way.

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US 113 Planning Study
       According to the Ocean City engineering department, a new traffic signal will be placed at
       41st  Street and  Coastal  Highway in front of the convention center.  No  additional
       transportation improvements are being anticipated or have been requested as a result of the
       convention center expansion (McGehan, 1997).

       c.   Tax Base Effects

       Residential, commercial and agricultural property will be displaced for this project with the
       proposed Build Alternatives. According to the Worcester County Assessment Office, an
       adverse effect on the  tax base is not anticipated with the right-of-way acquisition and
       displacements associated with the proposed roadway improvements.  If traffic volumes are
       increased by the dualization of the roadway, the value of properties fronting the roadway may
       increase, which would also increase the tax base (Slater, 1997).

       3.   Land Use

       a.   Existing

       The purpose of the proposed roadway improvements is to improve the safety of the existing
       US 113 roadway. Current land use will be altered by the proposed dualization and 2S-20'
       Median alternatives through conversion of residential and commercial properties, farmland
       and natural resources to transportation use. Table IV-4 shows the additional right-of-way
       required by each  proposed alternatives.
                                          IV-20

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US 113 Planning Study
             Table IV-4: Additional Right-of-Way Impacts by Alternative
Alternative
IS -No-Build
2S - TSM
2S-201 Median
3S-20' Median
3S-341 Median
IN - No-Build
2N - TSM
3N-201 Median (50 MPH)
3N-341 Median (50 MPH)
3N-201 Median (60 MPH)
3N-341 Median (60 MPH)
4N Modified -20' Median
4N Modified -34' Median
3N/4N Modified - 20' Median
3N/4N Modified - 34' Median
Additional
Right-of-Way
Required (Acres)
None
Minimal
31
67
74
None
Minimal
86
78
122
136
111
123
102
113
                                       IV-21

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US 113 Planning Study
      b.   Future

      Worcester County's population is projected to grow from 35,028 today to 46,000 by the year
      2000; 58,000 by the year 2010; and 67,000 by the year 2020 (Hagar, 1997). New residential
      development, businesses, community facilities  and services will likely be needed to
      accommodate the anticipated growth in the county's population. A study is underway by the
      WCPPI to evaluate the need for additional housing units in the County. According to the
      WCPPI office, there has been little interest in developing areas along the US  113 corridor.
      Most of the new development has been projected to occur in  the coastal bays in the northern
      and central portions of the county. Based on a review of county plans and discussions with
      local government officials, there does not appear to be any development in the study area that
      is dependent on the US 113 roadway improvements for access. Access to land areas adjacent
      to US  113 is expected to remain  virtually the  same with all of the  alternatives under
      consideration. The actual growth distribution will depend on the implementation of land use
      controls to focus potential  growth into appropriate areas.  The responsibility to  guide
      development and land use rests with the Worcester County Commission and the WCPPI
      office.

       Coastal Bay Area

      The entire northern study area and the southern study area between Berlin and Newark are
       located in the Maryland Coastal Bay area.  Maryland's Coastal Bay area is an ecologically
       sensitive watershed area in Worcester County that drains into the coastal bays. A review of
       the Maryland Coastal Bays Projected Land Use (Year 2005) Map was conducted to evaluate
       future  land use in this area. Land use projections are consistent with  those stated  in the
       County Comprehensive Development Plan. Generally, higher density residential and
       commercial development are projected for the northern part of the coastal bay area east of
       the US 113 project area, while little development is projected for the southern coastal bay
       area.

       Most of the land in the US 113 study area located in the coastal bay area is projected to be
       cropland/agriculture  and forest/orchard.  Some low density residential development is
       projected east of US 113 in the area bounded by Ocean Pines, US 113, St. Martin's Neck and
       US 50.  Today,  most of this land is farmland or forest.  Medium  density  residential
       development exists around the communities of Bishopville in the northern study area and
       Newark in the southern study area and is projected to remain at this density. The only high
       density residential development in the study area is in  Ocean Pines in addition to a small
       amount of commercial development. There is sufficient land in this community to support
       additional  high density residential development.  No additional commercial/industrial
       development is projected along US 113 in the coastal bay area.

       Regions of the coastal bay area outside of the study area where high density  residential
       development exists and is projected for expansion include Berlin, Ocean City, West Ocean
       City, Cape Isle of Wight, the MD 611 corridor paralleling Sinepuxent Bay and the area east

                                           IV-22

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US 113 Planning Study
      of  Berlin  between  US 50, MD  611 and Assateague  Road. Commercial/industrial
      development exists and is projected to expand for Berlin, Ocean City, West Ocean City and
      the US 50 corridor east of Berlin. The rest of the coastal bay area is projected for cropland/
      agriculture, forest/orchard, beaches and wetlands.

      Much of the land in the northern study area that is projected for future low-density residential
      development is currently in agricultural use.  The dualization alternatives under consideration
      in  this area would provide improved  access with the additional travel lanes and may
      encourage residential development in Ocean Pines and St. Martin's Neck, areas currently
      zoned for low density residential development.  The southern study area is projected to
      remain mostly forested or cropland.  The alternatives under consideration in the southern
      study area are not anticipated to promote residential development  in this area.  Much of the
      projected growth in the County is anticipated to occur adjacent to the coastal bays.

      Maryland has  a federally approved Coastal Zone Management Program.  The US 113 project
      is  located in  the Maryland coastal  zone  as defined  by Maryland's  federally approved
      program. The requirements of Section 307 of the Federal Coastal Zone Management Act of
       1972 apply to the project and are being addressed through the NEPA/404 review process.
      These requirements are carried out by the Maryland Department of the Environment.

       Indirect Impacts

       Indirect impacts are described  in  the Council on  Environmental  Quality regulation
       (401508.8(b)) as "...caused by the action and are later in time or further removed in distance,
       but one still reasonably foreseeable". In general, an improved transportation facility may
       result in future zoning change requests to allow higher density  development in areas not
       currently  zoned for such development. Among the indirect impacts  associated with the
       proposed  roadway improvements is the potential for secondary  development. Secondary
       development is defined as development which could potentially occur as a result of new
       highway construction.

       Although the potential for secondary development exists, there are physical conditions and
       land use controls which may limit the  amount of development occurring within the study
       area. The suitability of some of the soils to support development within the study area is
       questionable (Winbrough, 1997). Except in Newark, public sewer service is not available
       within the US 113 corridor. Although this does not prohibit development from occurring, a
       developer would be responsible for installing the sewerage and sewage disposal facilities if
       the proposed development cannot be supported by septic systems. In addition, there has not
       been much interest in developing areas along US 113 as most of the people who relocate to
       the  area want to live adjacent to the water (Morris, 1997).  For that reason, most of the
       growth in Worcester County is projected for the northern and central coastal bays east of the
       US  113 study area.
                                          IV-23

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US 113 Planning Study
       Presently, the following residential developments are taking place in the northern study area;
       each of these developments is anticipated to include large single family homes (typically
       2,500 SF and greater) on individual lots with septic systems (indicated lot sizes include
       preservation of forested areas):

           Hudson Farm:   US 113 @ Shingle Landing Road
                           5 lots (ranging in size from 5ฑ Ac. to 12ฑ Ac.)

           Bishop Farms:    1,400' east of US 113 along Shingle Landing Road
                           5 lots (ranging in size from 4ฑ Ac. to 6ฑ Ac.)

       •   Baker Farm:     US 113 @ Bunting Road
                           4 lots (ranging in size from 11ฑ Ac. to 16ฑ Ac.)
                            1 lot @ 49ฑ Ac.

       In addition, in  the vicinity of the US 113/MD 90 interchange,  a new place of worship
       (Temple Bat Yam) is being constructed. The site of the future home of the Trinity Episcopal
       Charismatic Church is also located near this interchange.

       County land use objectives stated within the Worcester County Comprehensive Development
       Plan are to "encourage new development projects to locate in or near the existing population
       centers and service centers (where planned) but also discourage development of the rural
       areas of the County" and "maintain  the  rural character of Worcester and  its existing
       population centers, small towns and villages". In addition, most of the land located within
       or in proximity to the study area is zoned for agricultural use. Minor subdivisions of five
       residential units per property are allowed under this zoning classification. A description of
       the zoning classifications  and a zoning map  are located in Chapter  m, Section  A. "Land
       Use".  Any request for a zoning change requires a public hearing by the Worcester County
       Commission.  Development of agriculturally-zoned land for non-agricultural use is not
       consistent with the goals and objectives expressed in the  County's  Comprehensive
       Development Plan.

       The Maryland Office of Planning has projected future land use changes to the year 2020.
       These land use changes are shown on Table El-10 and are projected  to occur regardless of
       any roadway improvements to US 113. Worcester County does not have an adequate public
       facilities (APF) ordinance. An APF ordinance is a land use control  measure that requires
       adequate  schools, transportation facilities,  and sewer and water services to be in place to
       support development before the development is allowed to occur.

       In the northern study area, the 3N  alternatives would only provide right-in/right-out access
       from driveways and minor service roads. The median incorporated into the design of each
       of these  alternatives would change the access compared to  the unlimited  access now
       associated with the existing roadway. These four alternatives also have a new partial
       cloverleaf interchange which would replace the existing US 113/MD  Route 90 interchange.

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Z7S 773 Planning Study
       New loops and ramps would be located in the northeast and southwest comers of the
       interchange.  The land area around this interchange is developed or is in agricultural
       production.

       The 4N Modified alternatives would provide east/west access at a new interchange with MD
       90 located west of existing US 113. As currently planned, no driveways or minor service
       roads would be given direct access to the new dualized US 113. Median breaks and left turn
       bays would be restricted or limited to local public roads. The 3N/4N Modified alternatives
       would also provide east/west access at a new interchange with MD  90 located west of
       existing US  113 and right-in/right-out access above Bishopville Road. Wetlands, forest and
       farmland are adjacent to the location of the proposed interchange associated with  these
       alternatives  (impacts to these resources are tabulated in other sections of this Chapter).

       In the southern study area, the additional travel lane associated with the 3S alternatives would
       generally increase the efficiency of the movement of goods and services within the corridor.
       The 2S-201 Median  alternative provides  two passing lanes in each  direction spaced
       approximately 4 miles apart. The median associated with these alternatives would allow only
       right-in/right-out access from existing minor access points along US 113.

       Existing US 113 currently provides access to developable land. Under the No-Build and TSM
       alternatives, developable land presently has access to the northbound and southbound lanes
       of US 113.  The majority of the land in the study area is zoned for agriculture use (A-l).
       Farming activity and minor subdivisions up to five dwelling units are permitted in these
       zones.  Adding one lane in  each direction with the dualize alternatives along existing
       alignment (3S and 3N Alternatives) and a passing lane with Alternative 2S-20' Median would
       not improve access to developable lands; These alternatives change the existing access by
       providing right-in/right-out access only from driveways and minor service roads. The 4N
       Modified and 3N/4N Modified alternatives would be controlled access facilities. Because
       access will  be permitted only at existing public crossroads, no new access to developable
       lands is provided.  Access management strategies of all alternatives under consideration are
       discussed in Chapter H. If land is to be developed, plans must be submitted to local, state or
       federal agencies, or a combination thereof, for review, depending on the scale of the project
       and appropriate permits obtained prior to approval of the proposed project. A public hearing
       is required by the Worcester County Commission for any request for a zoning change. The
       Worcester County Commission and the WCPPI office are the local government agencies
       responsible for guiding land use.

       As previously discussed in the Future Land Use sections in Chapters m and IV, the future
       growth of Worcester County is not projected for the US 113 study area. Growth is projected
       to occur in the northern and central coastal bay areas of the county located east of the US 113
        study area.  This growth is not contingent on the dualization of US 113 providing access.
                                            7V-25

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US 113 Planning Study
      The US 113 corridor was added to SHA's Access Management Program in 1997.  Corridors
      in this program are eligible to use funds programmed in the Consolidated Transportation
      Program for the purchase of access controls along agricultural frontage and in some instances
      to purchase residential and commercial property. In the near term, a cross functional team
      will meet every few weeks to review all access permit requests in the corridor to make
      recommendations  on limiting the number of access points and in some situations to
      recommend denial of access. The goal of these initiatives is to balance access to adjoining
      land with the need to preserve the flow of traffic and to improve safety and capacity of the
      highway system.

      Through enforcement at the local level of the County's zoning ordinance and subdivision
      controls; use of the guidelines established in the County Comprehensive Development Plan;
      and implementation of SHA's Access Management Program, County land use objectives can
      be achieved,  economic and  population  growth  can be accommodated and unplanned
      development can be avoided.

      The alternatives with a median would also increase indirect impacts to farmland, travel
      patterns and community cohesion.  The alternatives on new alignment (4N Modified and
      3N/4N Modified) would bisect some productive farmland parcels, creating access difficulties
      for the property owners.  Farmland impacts are discussed in more detail in Chapter IV,
      Section D. The alternatives with a median would only allow residents living on US 113 right
      in/right out access to and from their driveways.   Left turns would be allowed only at
      intersections with these alternatives. These alternatives would change the travel patterns for
      area residents, emergency vehicles, farm machinery and those who frequent the area for
      business or social purposes. The community cohesion would be disrupted temporarily as
      area residents would need some time to adjust to a new travel pattern.

      Cumulative Impacts

      Cumulative impacts are described by the Council on Environmental Quality regulation (40
       1508 8(b)) as "the impact on the environment which results from the incremental impact of
      the action when added to other past, present, and future  actions regardless of what  agency
      (Federal or non-Federal) or person undertaken such actions."

      While  Ocean  City and the  coastal bay area have experienced major residential and
      commercial development the US 113 study area has remained mostly quiet and rural in
      nature.  Agriculture continues to be a way of life for many residents in the study  area.
       Conditions in the study area are not likely to change much in the future as most of the new
      development is projected to occur along the coastal bays.

       As shown on Table HI-10, total development in Worcester County is projected to increase
      by approximately 38 percent between 1990 and 2020. The majority of this development is
       anticipated to be new residential development. The northern and central coastal bay areas,
      located east of the US 113 study area, are the projected growth areas for Worcester County.
                                          IV-26

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175 113 Planning Study
       The primary need for the proposed roadway improvements is safety and not traffic capacity
       (congestion is only a problem during summer weekends in the design year 2020).  The
       development of land in the coastal bay areas is not dependent upon this project. Alternatives
       that increase the capacity of US 113 would not increase development rates in these areas
       since these areas are developed because of their proximity to the coast. Enlarging the capacity
       of US 113 is not projected to have an effect on the projected growth of the coastal bay areas.
       There are state and county roads in the study area that provide access to the coastal bay areas.
       The median associated with the dualize alternatives separates northbound and southbound
       traffic, improves the traffic flow and virtually eliminates the chances of head-on collisions
       occurring along the roadway. Of the 303,924 acres of land area in Worcester County, a total
       of 8 percent (approximately 24,364 acres) of the land area will be developed by 2020
       (existing and projected development). These land use projections are not contingent on new
       roadway  improvements in the US 113 study area. The land use objectives stated in the
       Worcester County Comprehensive Development Plan include "encourage new development
       projects to locate in or near the existing population centers and service centers  (where
       planned) but also to discourage development of the rural areas of the County" and "maintain
       the rural character of Worcester and its existing population centers, small towns  and
       villages".

       No change in zoning is planned, however with or without the proposed project, and even
       under the County's future land use plans which do not include rezoning in these areas, it is
       possible to rezone property for alternative land uses.

       In addition, SHA has stated that no new access will be provided to  the relocated areas of
       these alternatives (4N Modified and 3N/4N Modified alternative). This would be consistent
       with US 113's proposed state and federal functional classifications.

       In the event that both Worcester County and the SHA change their policies on these matters,
       then Alternatives 4N Modified and 3N/4N Modified would represent new access supporting
       the possible future change in zoning and the resultant development.

       The proposed roadway along new alignment would not instigate this development as land
       along the existing US 113  roadway currently carries the same potential and yet remains
       unchanged.

       The potential for natural resources being converted to residential and industrial uses exists
       within the US 113 study area due to current zoning classifications. Most of the study area
       is zoned for agriculture use (A-l).  Minor subdivisions of up to five dwelling units are
       permitted per parcel in these areas. In the southern study area, an area of forest and farmland
       located between US 113, Castle Hill Road and MD 394 is zoned for high density residential
       development (R-4).  Low density residential development (R-l) is permitted in an area
       currently used as farmland between Orchard and Mason  Roads near Ironshire.  The potential
                                          IV-27

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US 113 Planning Study
      for light manufacturing (M-l) exists in an area of farmland between Newark Road, Basket
      Switch Road and US 113 as well as an area of farmland and forest located north of Public
      Landing Road west of US  113. In the northern study area, an area of forest and farmland
      located just south of Kepler Lane between the railroad, US 113 and just north of Pitts Road
      is zoned for light manufacturing (M-l). The potential for heavy manufacturing (M-2) exists
      just south of Bishopville Road next to the railroad in a forested area. Low density residential
      development (E-l) in the form of large lot development (one dwelling unit per two acres)
      exists in an area that is mostly farmland just east of Showell.  Access to these currently
      undeveloped  areas is available  from US  113.  These areas  are  not dependent upon
      improvements to US 113 for access. The role of US 113 presently and in the future is to
      provide north and south access to  and from these developable lands.

      As previously mentioned in the Future Land Use discussion in Chapter HI, there has been
      little interest, according to the WCPPI office, to develop large scale commercial or residential
      projects in the US 113 study area. The lack of public sewer service throughout most of the
      study area is a limiting, although not prohibitive, factor in development along the US 113
      corridor. New development is being directed by the WCPPI office towards the northern and
      central coastal bay areas east of the study area because most of the people who relocate to
      Worcester County want to live on or  as close to the water as possible (Morris,  1997).
      Improvements to US 113 would provide better access to this growth area, which is linked to
      US 113 by MD 90, Racetrack Road, Bishopville Road, Shingle Landing Road, Bunting Road
      and Jarvis Road.  The dualization of the roadway in the study area would complete the
      dualization of US  113 throughout Worcester County, provide  better access to  the beach
      resorts to the east, along  with points  north and south of the  study area and drivers'
      expectations would not change along the roadway. In addition, the separation of traffic by
      the median with all of the dualized alternatives and Alternative 2S-20' Median virtually
      eliminates the likelihood of opposite direction collisions.

      The lower coastal plain of the Eastern Shore currently contains approximately 236,000 acres
      of non-tidal wetlands. Between 1955 and 1978, this area lost approximately 16,000 acres of
      non-tidal wetlands mostly to ditching and channelization, agricultural development, and the
      creation of ponds (accounting for 91% of the loss).  The loss of wetlands to urbanization
      including transportation accounted for 8% of the loss. Some losses were also due to natural
      causes (Tiner, 1987).  With the passage of state and federal wetland protection laws, the
      annual loss of wetlands (tidal and non-tidal) in Maryland has slowed from 1,000 acres per
      year to 20 acres per year (Tiner, 1984).

      The US 113 corridor is a  very old north-south route along the high ground between the
      Pocomoke River and Sinepauxent Bay.  A roadway was in-place by 1697. The roadway has
      undergone many minor and a few major relocations through the years. The construction of
      the modern roadway impacted wetlands, farmland, forests and other resources. In an effort
      to quantify the impacts to wetlands caused by the reconstruction projects along US 113 in
       this century, historical construction plans were reviewed and approximations of acres of
       wetlands impacted were made. Using the current wetland designations along existing US
       113 (see the figures in Appendix A for these numbers) and grouped by Maryland DNR
                                          IV-28

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US 113 Planning Study
     watershed number, the following summarizes the wetland impacts associated with the
     existing two-lane highway for US 113:

              Table IV-4A: APPROXIMATE WETLAND IMPACTS
                    ASSOCIATED WITH EXISTING US 113
                    (by Maryland DNR Watershed Number)
WETLAND
NUMBER
WETLAND
IMPACTS
WETLAND
CLASSIFICATION
+ Pocomoke River & Tributaries: DNR #02-13-02-02
W-l
. W-2
W-3
W-7
W-8
W-9
TOTAL
0.2
1,5
0.05
3.1
3.4
0.2
8.5ฑ Acres
PFO
PFO
STREAM
PFO
PFO (Cypress Swamp)
PFO
-
+• Pocomoke River & Tributaries: DNR #02-13-02-05
W-10
0.4ฑ Acres
PFO
+ Coastal Bay Area: #02-13-01-05
W-ll
W-12
W-13
W-14
W-15
W-16
W-17
W-18
W-19
W-20
W-21
W-22
TOTAL
0.02
4.8
0.9
NONE
1.0
Combined with W-15
NONE
1.1
0.4
1.4
0.4
Combined with W-21
10ฑ Acres
STREAM
PFO
PFO

PFO


PFO
PFO
PFO
PFO

•-
                                   IV-29

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US 113 Planning Study
                                Table IV-4A (Continued)
WETLAND
WETLAND
IMPACTS
WETLAND
CLASSIFICATION
+ Coastal Bay Area: #02-13-01-02
W-23
W-24
W-25
W-26
W-27
W-28
W-29
W-30
W-31
W-32
W-33
W-34
\V-35
W-36
W-37
W-38
W-39
W-40


0.3
NONE
0.4
NONE
NONE
1.1
NONE
0.02
1.1
NONE
NONE
1.1
NONE
0.5
1.0
Combined with W-37
NONE
0.5
6->- Acres
25ฑ Acres
PFO

PFO


PFO

STREAM
PFO


PFO

PFO
PFO


PFO
-
-
                                        IV-30

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US 113 Planning Study
       This project will impact up to 38.4 acres of wetlands (out of a county total of 21,805 acres
       of wetland), up to 111 acres of forests (out of a county total of 165,489 acres of forest), and
       up to 218 acres of productive farmland (out of a county total of 99,716 acres of farmland).
       Any new development, including roadway construction, that impacts wetlands and forestland
       will require mitigation. Wetland mitigation is required in accordance with the no net loss of
       wetlands policy. Much of the wetland mitigation that is required for the US 113 roadway
       improvements may occur at a  2:1 ratio to obtain no  net loss of wetland resources. The
       construction of required wetland mitigation is likely to cause additional impacts to farmland.
       Maryland's Forest Conservation Act requires  reforestation and/or afforestation when
       forestland is lost as a result of new development which will minimize forest impacts by this
       project and other development in the study area.

       There are currently no planned federal actions located in or adjacent to the study area. As part
       of the State's 1997-2002 Consolidated Transportation Program, a safety study along MD 90
       between US 50 and US 113 has  been recommended along with the planned construction of
       safety improvements and a median barrier along 4.4 miles of MD 90 east of US 113. The
       MD 90 safety study would inventory the existing roadway conditions and recommend
       courses of actions to improve safety.  If the safety recommendations of the study are
       implemented, it is anticipated that a better connection between US 113 and MD 90 would be
       made. The safety improvements associated with MD 90 east of US 113 are also anticipated
       to provide  a safer and improved connection between the two roadways.
C. Cultural Resources
   1.
Historic Structures
   Historic resources in the  study area were identified and evaluated in accordance with the
   requirements of 36 CFR 800.4 for each alternative under consideration.  Table IV-5 summarizes
   the effects of the various construction alternatives on identified historic standing structures. The
   specific effects of each alternative are  described below, and the overall impacts on historic
   resources of each alternative are evaluated. The Maryland Historical Trust (MHT) rendered an
   adverse effect determination (see Chapter VI, MHT letter April 23,1997) for the 3N alternatives
   and for alternatives 4N Modified and 3N/4N, the Combination Alternative, as identified on the
   table below.
                                         IV-31

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US 113 Planning Study
                 Table IV-5:   Summary of Impacts to Historic Structures

Alternative
IS -No-Build
2S - TSM
2S-20' Median
3S-20' Median
3S-341 Median
IN - No-build
2N - TSM
3N-20' Median / 50
MPH
3N-341 Median / 50
MPH
3N-201 Median / 60
MPH
3N-341 Median / 60
MPH
4N Modified-201
Median
4N Modified-341
Median
3N/4N Modified- 20'
Median
3N/4N Modified -34'
•>.-,.. . Impact by Alternative
v -.Historic Resource Inventory Number
WO-283
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Adverse
Adverse
Adverse
Adverse
No
Effect
No
Effect
No
Effect
No
Effect
WO-472
No
Effect
No
Effect
No
Effect
n/a
n/a
No
Effect
No
Effect
Adverse
Adverse
Adverse
Adverse
No
Effect
No
Effect
No
Effect
No
Effect
WO-23
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Adverse
Adverse
Adverse
Adverse
Adverse
Adverse
Adverse
Adverse
WO-284
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Adverse
Adverse
Adverse
Adverse
NAE
NAE
No
Effect
No
Effect
WO-289
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Adverse
Adverse
Adverse
Adverse
No
Effect
No
Effect
No
Effect
No
Effect

WO-479
n/a
No
Effect
No
Effect
n/a
n/a
n/a
No
Effect
NAE
NAE
NAE
NAE
NAE
'NAE
NAE
NAE
 *NAE = No Adverse Effect
    WO-283 - Hale Farm/ Mariner Farm
    WO-472 - Vic's Country Store
    WO-23 - St. Martin's Church
WO-284 - Lemuel Showell House
WO-289 - Showell Store
WO-479 - Transpeninsular
                                            IV-32

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US 113 Planning Study
   St. Martin's Church. All of the 3N alternatives, 4N Modified alternatives and, 3N/4N Modified
   alternatives, are within the area of potential effect of St. Martin's Church (WO-23). which is on
   the National Register. These alternatives share an alignment segment south of Racetrack Road,
   but begin to diverge on the north side of the readjust north of the church. The resource is on a
   slight rise above existing US 113 as the highway descends to cross Church Branch to the north.
   The  area through which 4N Modified and  3N/4N Modified alternatives would cross is at the
   same elevation as the resource.

   TSM improvements consisting of a skid resistant pavement overlay and rumble slots along the
   centerline and outside edges of the roadway, are proposed within existing right-of-way.. Because
   the  resource already fronts  on a  major highway, it does not appear that these minor
   improvements will affect the resource or substantially alter its setting. The location, setting, and
   use of the resource will remain the same.  For these reasons, MHT concurred that the TSM
   improvements will have no effect on the St. Martin's Church.

   No right-of-way will be acquired from the resource under any of these alternatives, however, the
   Maryland Historical Trust (MHT)  has determined that the 3N, 4N Modified, and 3N/4N
   Modified alternatives will all affect its setting. Under all of these alternatives, the new roadway
   would be wider than the existing, and would have an adverse visual impact. This visual impact
   will  likely occur, due to the placement of the alternatives in agricultural and forested land east
   of the resource. The Maryland Historical Trust has determined that this visual effect will be
   adverse, because the increased width of the roadway would cause a change in the historic setting
   (March 18, 1997 letter to SHA).

   Regarding audible impacts, the predicted noise level for a No-Build scenario is higher at 69.9
   dBA than the levels predicted for the 3N alternatives (65.3 dBA) and for the 4N Modified and
   3N/4N Modified alternatives  (63.7 dBA).  Additionally, the predicted noise level for the 4N
   Modified and 3N/4N  Modified alternatives is lower than the existing level at the resource (64.9
   dBA).

   Hale Farm/Mariner Farm. The alternatives proposed in the area of potential effect of the
   National Register eligible Hale/Mariner Farm (WO-283) include the 3N, 4N Modified, and
   3N/4N Modified alternatives.

   TSM improvements consisting of a skid resistant pavement overlay and rumble slots along the
   centerline and outside edges of the roadway, are proposed within existing right-of-way.  Because
   the  resource already fronts  on a  major  highway, it does not appear that these minor
   improvements will affect the resource or substantially alter its setting. The location, setting, and
   use of the resource will remain the same.  For these reasons, MHT concurred that the TSM
   improvements will have no effect on the Hale Farm/Mariner Farm.
                                         IV-33

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US 113 Planning Study
   Each of the 3N alternatives will affect the setting and use of the resource. The effect will be
   adverse because elements of the resource's integrity - its design, setting, materials, workmanship,
   and feeling - will be diminished. Approximately 17,500 square feet along the west edge will be
   acquired for right-of-way, amounting to roughly 14 percent of the total square footage of the
   historic property.

   In accordance with 36 CFR Part 800.9, this action constitutes an adverse effect because a portion
   of the historic resource will be physically destroyed and  altered, and visual, audible, and
   atmospheric elements out of character with the resource and its setting will be introduced.
   Construction of Alternative 3N will result in locating the highway 60 feet closer to the existing
   residential structure within the site boundary (i.e. at a distance of 465 feet instead of the existing
   520 feet). A portion of the yard, entrance driveway, and ornamental plantings will be removed,
   as will the two brick walls flanking the driveway.  Regarding audible impacts, the predicted
   noise level (56.0 dBA) will increase over the existing level (53.9 dB A) and that of the predicted
   for a No-Build scenario (54.2 dBA). For the above reasons, MHT has determined that all of the
   3N alternatives will have an adverse effect on the Hale Farm/Mariner Farm.

   The 4N Modified and 3N/4N Modified alternatives will not affect the location, setting, or use
    of the resource.  These alternatives, which share the same alignment in this segment,  will he
    much farther from the resource boundary than the existing highway (some 565 feet farther to the
    northwest and 1,000 feet or more to the west and southwest). No right-of-way will be acquired
    from the resource boundary; however, right-of-way will be taken from the larger tax parcel
    containing the resource.  It does not appear that a visual  impact on the setting outside the
    boundary will occur due to  the distance involved and the placement of the alignment in areas
    already concealed by tree lines and plantings.  Where sections of the new road will be visible -
    to the southwest and northwest - the views will be distant, and the road will be on existing grade.
    In addition, the  ornamental plantings along  the resource's south and north boundaries will
    partially obscure some views in those directions. The end result will be a road farther from and
    better concealed from the resource. This will provide the resource with an ample new buffer.
    Views toward the new road will  be similar to those available at present. Due to the distance,
    which is more than 970 feet, noise levels should be much reduced in the area of the resource.
    For these reasons, the MHT has concurred with the determination that the 4N Modified and
    3N/4N Modified alternatives will have no effect on the Hale/Mariner Farm.

    Lemuel Showell House.  The alternatives proposed in the area of potential effect of the National
    Register eligible Lemuel Showell House (WO-284) include the 3N, 4N Modified, and 3N/4N
    Modified alternatives.

    TSM improvements consisting of a skid resistant pavement overlay and rumble slots along the
    centerline and outside edges of the roadway, are proposed within existing right-of-way. Because
    the resource  already  fronts on a  major highway,  it  does not appear  that these minor
    improvements will affect the resource or substantially alter its setting. The location, setting, and
    use of the resource will  remain  the same. For these reasons, MHT concurred that the TSM
    improvements will have no effect on the Lemuel Showell House.

         -              ~                   IV-34            ~~

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US 113 Planning Study
   The 3N alternatives will not affect the location, setting (within the historic boundary), or use of
   the resource. • These proposed alternatives will lie some 90 feet farther west of the resource
   boundary than the existing highway (Figures 2 and 7).  Access to the new road will be provided
   via a four-way intersection at Pitts Road (existing US 113 will become a local access road).  No
   right-of-way will be acquired from the resource boundary.

   An adverse visual impact on the setting will occur, however, due to changes in the setting
   necessitated by the construction of the road. Alternative 3N will require the removal of the
   Showell Store (WO-289) at the intersection of US 113 and Pitts Road and the removal of a non-
   eligible historic dwelling across US 113 from the resource (part of the Showell Survey District,
   previously determined not eligible for the National Register). This  will result in the loss of the
   west side of the cluster of buildings at the intersection that helps to define the character of
   Showell and will open up views to the west and northwest that currently do not exist. A line of
   small trees on the west side of US 113 may provide some concealment; however, this line will
   be  removed some 500 feet to the south as the 3N alternatives rejoin the existing US  113
   alignment. Although the new road will be farther from the resource, the changes in the setting
   across US 113 would appear to negate this benefit. In accordance with 36 CFR Part  800.9, the
   construction of the 3N alternatives will constitute an adverse effect because visual elements out
   of character with the resource and its setting will be introduced. Regarding audible impacts, the
   predicted levels associated with 3N alternatives (64.1 dBA) will be slightly lower than the
   existing level (65.7 dBA) and those predicted for a No-Build scenario (66.4 dBA).  For the
   reasons noted above, MHT has concurred with the determination that the 3N alternatives will
   have an adverse effect on the Lemuel Showell House.

   The 4N Modified and 3N/4N Modified alternatives will not affect the location, setting (within
   the historic boundary), or use of the resource. The alternatives, which share the same  alignment
   in this segment, will lie approximately 585 feet east of the resource boundary. Additional right-
   of-way will not be acquired from the resource boundary. A visual impact on the setting will
   likely occur, however, due to the placement of the alternative in open land east of the resource
   that is presently used for crops and forest.  For a number of reasons, it does not appear that this
   visual effect will be adverse.  First, the resource already fronts on a major highway and is located
   at a major intersection. Second, the new alignment will be farther from the resource, affording
   it a buffer zone that currently does not exist. Third, the new alignment will run at existing grade.
   Fourth, a heavy buffer of mixed evergreen/deciduous vegetation currently shields views from the
   resource to the north and northeast, and this buffer will remain in place under the new alignment.
   Fifth, non-historic buildings currently obscure views from the resource to the south, and these
   will remain in place under the new alternative.  Sixth, views of the fields and tree lines farther
   east will still be possible with the new road in place.  Concerning noise impacts, the predicted
   noise level for the 4N Modified and 3N/4N Modified alternatives (53.6 dBA) is substantially
   lower than the levels predicted for the 3N alternatives, the No-Build scenario, and existing US
   113.   For the above reasons, MHT determined that the 4N Modified and 3N/4N Modified
   alternatives will have no adverse effect on the Lemuel Showell House.
                                          7V-35

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US 113 Planning Study
   Showell Store. The alternatives proposed for the area of the National Register eligible Showell
   Store (WO-289) include the 3N, 4N Modified, and 3N/4N Modified alternatives. The resource
   is on a slight rise above existing US 113. The 3N alternatives would run at this elevation, while
   the 4N Modified, and 3N/4N Modified alternatives would run at the slightly lower grade equal
   to that of existing US 113.

   The 3N alternatives will affect the location, setting, and use of the resource. The effect will be
   adverse because all elements of the resource's integrity will be destroyed by demolition of the
   resource. The setting outside the historic resource  boundary will also be adversely affected
   through the loss of the resource and a non-eligible historic dwelling on the south side of Pitts
   Road (part of the Showell Survey District, WO-286,  previously determined not eligible for the
   National Register).  The loss of these two buildings will remove the western edge of the cluster
   of buildings at the US 113/Pitts Road intersection, a cluster that defines the character of Showell.
   In addition, views to the west and northwest will be opened up where previously they were
   contained by surrounding buildings. Noise levels for the  Showell Store were not monitored
   ormodeled because the structure will be taken under the 3N alternatives. Additionally, noise and
   atmospheric levels would be essentially the same as those for the Lemuel Showell House which
   is just across the street from this site. For the above reasons, MHT concurred with the opinion
   that the 3N  alternatives will have an adverse effect on the Showell Store.

   Investigations to date indicate that the prehistoric and historic archeological site 18WO209
   identified on the property of the Showell Store is potentially eligible for the National Register,
   based on criterion D (ability to provide important information). The investigations indicate that
   the  site does not warrant preservation in place.  The 3N alternatives will adversely impact 18
   WO209.  The concurrence of the Maryland State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) will be
   solicited on this determination.

   The 4N Modified and 3N/4N Modified alternatives  will not affect the location,  setting, or use
   of the resource. These  alternatives, which share the same alignment in this segment, will lie
   much farther from the resource boundary than the existing highway (some 865 feet farther to the
   east). No right-of-way will be acquired from the resource  boundary. It does not appear that a
   visual impact on the setting will occur due to the distance involved and the placement of the
    alignment in areas already concealed by buildings, tree lines, and plantings. The end result will
   be a road farther from the resource and better concealed from the resource. This will provide the
    resource will an ample new buffer zone than today. Views toward the new road will be the same
    as those available at present.  Due to the distance, audible levels would be much  reduced in the
    area of the resource. For these reasons,  MHT concurred that the 4N Modified and 3N/4N
    Modified alternatives will have no effect on the Showell Store.

    Vic's Country Store.   The alternatives proposed in the area of  potential effect of National
    Register eligible Vic's Country Store (WO-472) include the 3N, 4N Modified, and 3N/4N
    Modified alternatives.
                                           IV-36

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US 113 Planning Study
   No-Build improvements have been proposed for the intersection of US 113 and Friendship Road.
   These will consist of a northbound acceleration/deceleration lane and a southbound bypass lane.
   TSM improvements, consisting of a skid resistant pavement overlay, rumble slots along the
   centerline and outside edges of the roadway, and painted stop lines at Carey Road and Jones
   Road.  All of the improvements will be constructed within existing right-of-way.  Due to the fact
   that the resource already fronts a major highway within a major intersection, MHT concurred that
   these minor improvements will have no effect on the resource or substantially alter its setting,
   location, or use.

   The 3N alternatives will affect the setting and use of the resource, and the effect will be adverse
   because right-of-way acquisition will diminish or destroy its integrity. The alternative calls for
   the edge of pavement for the northbound lanes to be moved closer to the resource.  The new
   lanes will require acquisition of approximately 13,440  square feet of additional right-of-way,
   equaling roughly 27% of the historic property area, and may require demolition of the structure.
   For the above reasons, MHT concurred that the 3N alternatives will have an adverse effect on
   Vic's Country Store.

   A visual impact on the setting outside the boundary will also occur, due to shifting of the
   northbound lanes to the east and the provision for southbound lanes on the west side of US 113
   (the existing highway will be incorporated into the northbound lanes and the median in this area).
   For a number of reasons, it does not appear that this visual effect will be adverse.  First, the
   resource already fronts on a major highway and is located within a major intersection.  Second,
   much of the area to be used for the northbound lanes is  already paved in front of the resource.
   Third, the new alignment will follow the same grade  as the existing highway.  Fourth, the
   buildings and  landscape features on both sides of US  113 will be retained, except for the eastern
   edge of a large wooded tract on the west side of US 113 north of Carey Road.  The majority of
   this tract will  remain, however. Fifth, views of the fields, tree lines, and buildings beyond the
   existing highway  will still  be possible with the new alignment in  place. Concerning noise
   impacts, the  predicted noise  levels for the 3N alternatives  (70.6 dBA)  and the No-Build
   improvements (69.7) are slightly lower than the existing level (72.1 dBA).

   Investigations to date indicate that historic period archeological site 18WO213 identified on the
   property of Vic's Country Store is ineligible for the National Register, and gave no indication
   that the site warrants  preservation in place. The 3N alternatives will not impact significant
    archeological resources. The  concurrence of the Maryland SHPO  will be solicited on this
    determination.

    The 4N Modified and 3N/4N Modified alternatives will not affect the location, setting, or use
    of the resource. These alternatives, which share the same alignment in this segment, will lie
    much farther from the resource boundary than the existing highway (some 2,600 feet farther to
    the west).  No right-of-way will be acquired from the resource boundary. It does not appear that
    a visual impact on the setting outside the boundary will  occur due to the distance involved and
    the placement of the alignment in areas already concealed by buildings, tree lines, and plantings.
    The end result will be  a road farther from the resource and better concealed from the resource.
                                          IV-37

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US 113 Planning Study
   This will provide the resource with an ample buffer not presently provided. Views toward the
   new road will be the same as those available at present.  Due to the distance (more than 2,600
   feet), audible and atmospheric levels should be much reduced in the area of the resource. For
   these reasons, MHT concurred that the 4N Modified and 3N/4N Modified Alternatives will have
   no effect on Vic's Country Store.

   Transpeninsular Line Marker. The alternatives proposed in the area of potential effect of the
   National Register eligible Transpeninsular Line Marker (WO-479) include the 3N, 4N Modified,
   and 3N/4N Modified alternatives. All of these alternatives share the same alignment in the
   vicinity of this site.

   TSM improvements, consisting of a skid resistant pavement overlay, rumble slots along the
   centerline and outside edges of the roadway and the addition of a southbound acceleration lane
   from Morris Road and oversized intersection warning and stop signs, are proposed within
   existing right-of-way.  Because the resource  already fronts on a major highway, it does not
   appear that these minor improvements will affect the resource or substantially alter its setting.
   The location, setting, and use of the resource  will remain the same. For these  reasons,  MHT
   concurred that the TSM improvements will have no effect on the Transpeninsular Line Marker.

   The 3N, 4N Modified and 3N/4N Modified alternatives, will not affect the location, setting
   (within the historic boundary), or use of the resource. These alternatives call for the edge of
   pavement for the northbound lanes in front of the resource to remain as is. No right-of-way will
   be required.

   A visual impact on the setting outside the boundary will likely occur, however, due to the
   shifting of the southbound lanes and the incorporation of a much larger median. For a number
   of reasons, it does not appear that  this visual effect will be adverse. First, the resource already
   fronts on a major highway and has direct views of the wider US 113 alignment in Delaware.
   Second, the new  alignment will  follow the same grade as the existing highway. Third, the
   buildings and landscape features on both sides  of US  113 will be retained. Fourth, views  of the
   west side  of US 113 from the resource will still be possible with the new alignment in place.
   Concerning audible impacts, the predicted noise  levels for the dualize alternatives (66.6 dBA)
   are slightly higher than the existing levels of 65 dBA and No-Build of 62 dBA range (see  Table
   IV-18).  For the above reasons, MHT has concurred that the alternatives will have no adverse
   effect on the Transpeninsular Line Marker.

   Maryland/Delaware State Line Marker.  The only alternatives proposed for the area  of the
   Maryland/Delaware State Line Marker (WO-480) are the 3N/4N Modified alternatives at the
   Transpeninsular Line Marker (see above).  The eastern edge of the alternatives will be some
    1,500 feet west of the resource. The alternative will not affect the location, setting, or use  of the
    resource.  Due to the distance involved and the presence of a large wooded buffer between the
    resource and the alternatives, there will be no visual, audible, or atmospheric impact on the
    resource.  Alternatives 3N/4N Modified  are anticipated to  have no  effect on the Maryland/
    Delaware  State  Line Marker.
                                          IV-38

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US 113 Planning Study
   Summary of Impacts to Structures

   From the standpoint of historic standing structures, the 4N Modified and 3N/4N Modified
   alternatives all avoid adverse effects to four other structures that are impacted by the 3N
   alternatives: Hale/Mariner Farm, Lemuel Showell House, Showell Store, and Vic's Country
   Store.

   2.     Archeological Sites

   Identification of archeological resources have been carried  out in accordance with the
   requirements of 36 CFR 800.4 for each alternative under consideration.

   The Phase IB archaeological survey of the US 113 corridor covered all of the high-probability
   areas for which access was obtained, as well as 20 percent of the low-probability areas.  The
   survey identified 18 potentially significant archeological sites that might be impacted by one or
   more of the alternatives.
                                          IV-39

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US 113 Planning Study
   Preliminary eligibility recommendations are summarized in Table F/-6.
           Table IV-6:  Preliminary NRHP Recommendations For US 113 Sites
                             (Preliminary NRHP Assessment)
-
Components
	
Prehistoric

Historic


============
Age
======================
Woodland
Unknown
Prehistoric Total
18th- 19th century
18th-20th century
19th century
19th-20th century
20th century
Unknown
Historic Total

— •
Probably Not
Eligible
	
2
5
7
2
3
9
6
3
0
23*
20
Possibly Eligible
,..., i . .1 i -i" ••" " —?•
3*
3
6*#
5
2
3#
5
1
0
16#
19#
 *  National Register eligibility assessment of three historic/prehistoric period sites was based on
    the potential of the prehistoric component only.
 #  One site potentially eligible prehistoric/historic period site is outside the Area of Potential
    Effects of the undertaking.
                                          IV-40

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US 113 Planning Study
   About one-half of the  recorded prehistoric sites  are considered potentially eligible for the
   Register under criterion D, based on their ability to provide important information about the past.
   The Phase I archeological survey indicates that the remainder of the prehistoric sites lack the
   artifact density, patterned artifact distributions, or intact deposits necessary to provide significant
   data concerning the prehistoric occupation of the Eastern Shore.  For these reasons, they are
   unlikely to yield important information, and are not considered eligible for the National Register
   of Historic Places.

   Survey data suggest that about one-third of the historic period sites are potentially eligible for
   the National Register under criterion D, for their information potential. The presence of structural
   features, intact subplowzone remains, and information-rich artifact assemblages were used to
   identify potentially significant historic sites. More intensive investigations will be needed at all
    18 potentially significant sites within the APE to conclusively evaluate their National Register
   status. The Phase I archeological survey indicates that the remainder of the historic period sites
   lack the artifact density, patterned artifact distributions, or intact deposits necessary to provide
   important information about the history of the region. For these reasons, they are unlikely to yield
   important  information, and are not considered eligible for the  National Register of Historic
   Places.

    Alternative 2S-20' Median will impact 2 archeological sites that are potentially eligible for the
   National Register of Historic Places: 18WO190 and 18WO196.

    Alternatives 3S will impact  10 archeological sites that may be eligible for the National Register
   of  Historic Places:  18WO181,  18WO183,  18WO184,  18WO185, 18WO190,  18WO191,
    18WO196, 18WO201, 18WO203, and 18WO204. Alternative 3N will impact 6 archeological
    sites that  may be  eligible for the National Register:  18WO194, 18WO195,  18WO197,
    18WO202,18WO209, and 18WO214. One of the latter will also be impacted by Alternative 4N
    Modified, which will affect a total of 2 archeological sites that may be eligible for the National
    Register:  18WO193 and 18WO212. The same two potentially eligible National Register sites
    would be impacted by the 3N/4N Modified alternatives: 18WO193 and 18WO212.

    Based on the results of Phase I survey, all potentially significant archeological resources that
    might be impacted by the  project are considered important chiefly for  the information they
    contain. At this stage of work, there is no evidence to suggest that any of the sites warrant
    preservation in  place, although confirmation of this must await completion  of Phase n
    investigations. Phase n site evaluation will be conducted once a selected alternative is identified.
    Any mitigation efforts required for archeological resources would  be accomplished chiefly
    through data  recovery  investigations, along with  other  appropriate measures  such  as
    interpretation of the results of investigations. Consideration will also be given to avoidance
    and/or minimization measures as warranted.
                                           IV-41

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US 113 Planning Study
D. Farmlands

Active farmland (including properties which raise poultry), prime farmland soils and soils of
statewide importance will be impacted as a result of this project. Based on the current alignments
of the proposed alternatives, no farming operations will be put out of business.  Table IV-7 is a
summary of farmland and soil impacts.

In accordance with the Farmland Protection Policy Act (FPPA), a Farmland Conversion Impact
Rating form has been completed for this project and evaluated by the Worcester County NRCS office
to fulfill FPPA compliance. On this form, the amount in the block 'Total Acres in Site" was derived
from SHA right-of-way calculations which do not include right-of-way owned by SHA. Farmland
impacts, however, include farmland within SHA right-of-way limits. A copy of the completed rating
form along with the rationale used for the evaluation of the site assessment criteria is included in
Appendix B.

According to the FPPA, the USDA recommends that the alternatives scoring more than 160 points
be given higher levels of consideration for protection and alternatives receiving less than 160 points
be given a minimal  level of  consideration for protection.  Alternatives 4N-20' Median, 4N-34'
Median, 3N/4N - 20' Median and 3N/4N -34' median all scored above  160 points.  The USDA
recommends  for alternatives  scoring 160 or more  points that agencies consider alternatives that
would serve the proposed purpose but convert either fewer acres of farmland or other farmland that
has a lower alternative value.

In the southern study area, Alternative 3S-341 Median would directly impact the most agricultural
land (115 acres) of all the proposed alternatives. The 3N/4N-34' Median alternative would directly
impact the most agricultural land of (61.9 acres) of all of the proposed alternatives in the northern
study area. The IN alternative directly impacts approximately 0.5 acres of farmland on one parcel
associated with the relocation  of Bunting Road. The 2S alternative would only require small sliver
takes of farmland for bypass and acceleration/deceleration lanes. The proposed dualize and 2S-20'
Median alternatives would generally improve access on US 113 by allowing faster moving vehicles
to safely pass slower moving farm machinery; however, slow moving farm machinery requiring
access to the opposite side of the roadway from which they are traveling would have to cross 2 or
3 lanes (depending on if the equipment is traveling on the shoulder or right lane) to get to the left
turn lane at an intersection in order to make a U-turn.

The alternatives on new alignment are the only alternatives that would indirectly impact farmland.
These alternatives would bisect the same six farmland parcels, creating accessibility difficulties for
the property owner.  The amount of indirect impacts are shown on Table IV-7.

SHA will look at ways to minimize, where possible, the amount of farmland acreage necessary while
maintaining required safety standards. Accessibility concerns will be addressed on a property-by-
property basis during final design. Just compensation at fair market value will be offered to farm
owners whose property is needed for right-of-way or for  acquired property that is too small to
profitably farm.

_                                        /y_42

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US 113 Planning Study
                           Table IV-7: Farmland Impact Summary
Alternatives
IS -No-Build
2S - TSM
2S-20' Median
3S-20' Median
3S-34' Median
IN -No-Build
2N - TSM
3N-201 Median 50 MPH
3N-34' Median 50 MPH
3N-201 Median 60 MPH
3N-34' Median 60 MPH
4N Modified-20' Median
4N Modified-34' Median
3N/4N Modified - 20'
Median
3N/4N Modified - 34'
Median
Subject .
Prime
Farmland
Soils
Impacted
(acres)
0.0
0.2
20.0
39.4
43.8
0.5
0.0
42.6
47.9
47.9
53.2
103.4
114.9
107.1
119.0
Soils of
Statewide
Importance
Impacted
(acres)
0.0
0.0
10.0
19.4
21.6
0.0
0.0
31.5
35.5
35.5
39.4
81.1
90.1
68.4
76.0
Direct
Productive
Farmland
Impacts
(acres)
0.0
0.2
19.8
103.5
115.0
0.5
0.0
34.9
39.2
39.2
43.6
55.0
61.1
55.7
61.9
Indirect
Farmland
Impacts*
(acres)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
47.0
40.9
47.1
40.9
Number of
Parcels
Directly
Impacted
0
3
19
48
48
1
0
24
24
24
24
19
19
20
20
Number
of Parcels
Indirectly
Impacted
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
6
6
Note:
Indirect impacts are a result of the alternatives bisecting a productive farmland parcel which  may
create accessibility difficulties for farmers.

Additional farmland acreage may be required for wetland mitigation requirements.
                                              IV-43

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US 113 Planning Study
E.     Soils, Geology and Topography

The No-Build and  TSM Alternatives  will  have  minor localized impacts  to  soils where
acceleration/deceleration, bypass and turning lanes are constructed.  These small projects may
require earth disturbances of up to 0.25 acres for construction. No bypass or turning lanes are
planned for the southern study area under either Alternative IS (No-Build) or Alternative 2S (TSM).
Alternative IN (No-Build) in the northern study area includes the planned relocation of the Jarvis
Road intersection as well as the construction of three acceleration/deceleration lanes, two turning
lanes, and four bypass lanes at various intersections. Alternative 2N (TSM) includes the construction
of one additional acceleration/deceleration lane and one bypass lane. These minor disturbances are
expected to have minimal impact on the soils, geology and topography.  Impacts to soils will be
minimized through the strict use sediment and erosion control measures.

It is anticipated that the proposed construction of 2S-201 Median and the dualize alternatives will not
substantially impact soils, topography, or geology.  The Othello and Mattapex soil types are
classified as highly erodible soils and are encountered on approximately one-third of the project area.
The remaining project area is comprised of moderately erodible soils. The Othello, Fallsington, and
Pocomoke soils comprise approximately one-half of the project area and are labeled as hydric soils
by the US Department of Agriculture. These soils and the majority of the soils found on the project
area have a high water table. Foundation soils are expected to deteriorate if exposed to air, frost,
water and construction activities.

The low relief of the land allows for little runoff of excess precipitation during periods of increased
precipitation.  Therefore, soils adjacent to roadways may become saturated during these times.

The soils  to be encountered along the study area consist of sandy loam and silt loam underlain by
loamy sand and sand.  Based upon SCS testing, the maximum density of the soils ranges from 90
to  125 pounds per cubic foot.  The optimum moisture content of the soils at these maximum
densities ranges from 7 to 18 percent. The compatibility of the soils is dependent on the composition
of the soil and the moisture at the time of compaction. It is anticipated that the  soils available for
roadway construction will be suitable and can be compacted to specification requirements (SCS,
1973).

Erosion control techniques such as infiltration, sediment basins and traps, and silt fencing will be
employed to control soil erosion. To minimize deterioration, a rnud mat may be placed to serve as
a working platform for construction activities in  wet areas.  All areas of exposed soil will be
vegetatively or  structurally  stabilized as  soon as  practical.  A Maryland Department of the
Environment approved stormwater management plan will also be required for this project.  The
stormwater management plan will include quality management for stormwater runoff prior to
infiltration into the groundwater.
                                           IV-44

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US 113 Planning Study
F.
Groundwater Resources
The No-Build and TSM Alternatives will not have any impact on groundwater resources.

It is anticipated that the proposed construction of any of the dualization alternatives will not
substantially impact the ground water table because the entire study area is underlain by aquifers
which are recharged throughout the area.  The rate of recharge of water to aquifers depends on the
quantity of water available for recharge, the topography of the land and the permeability of the soils
which water will travel. The low relief in topography and the generally high permeability of the soil
allow for little runoff and large quantities of water to enter the ground.               .  .

The majority of water to recharge aquifers comes from precipitation that filters through the soil or
water that seeps in from streams.  Precipitation will recharge aquifers to sufficient levels throughout
the year.  Fluctuations  of the groundwater level  depend  on variations  in temperature  and
precipitation. Aquifers in this region are generally saturated. It is anticipated that a minimal change
in relief and decrease in recharge area will not be significantly affect water recharge to the aquifers
in this region. Additional usage of ground water as a result of an increase in growth and population
is not anticipated to significantly affect the water supply (Maryland Department of Geology, Mining
and Water Resources, 1955).

Adverse impacts to groundwater quality during construction of a Build Alternative will be mitigated
through strict adherence to the Maryland Department of the Environment's (MDE) erosion and
sediment control procedures.

G.    Surface Water Resources

Surface water resources consisting mainly of major streams, minor drainage ditches, and intermittent
stream channels, may be impacted by pollutants within highway runoff. The constituents of this
runoff may include particulates, metals, oil and grease, organics, nutrients and other substances.
Table IV-8 lists common highway runoff constituents and their primary sources.

The potential for impacts from highway runoff to existing surface water quality is determined by
pollutant concentrations. These concentrations depend largely on the site conditions, the runoff
event, and the rate of pollutant accumulation. Relevant site characteristics include: percent of
impervious area, shoulder and/or curb type, drainage ditch lining, and the presence of retention or
detention basins.

The TSM Alternatives are not expected to cause any disruption of major or minor stream systems.

Alternative 2S-20' Median and the dualize alternatives will require the crossing of several streams,
tributaries and other drainageways within the study areas. The perennial streams have water quality
which is conducive to the support of aquatic plant materials, migratory fish species as  well as other
                                          IV-45

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US 113 Planning Study
aquatic organisms.  Other waterways are minor drainage ditches or intermittent streams which
provide spatially and temporarily limited habitats for aquatic organisms. Table IV-9 lists the number,
probable type, and preliminary size of each proposed stream crossing.

During construction of the alternatives, surface water quality may be temporarily impacted by
increased sedimentation associated with grading operations.  This impact will be temporary in
nature, and limited to the construction period.

The potential toxic effects of certain constituents in highway runoff on biota within receiving waters
may be related to inorganic chemicals such as heavy metals, salts, etc., and organic compounds such
as oil and grease, herbicide and pesticides. These constituents can  create problems with the
physiology of aquatic organisms  leading to  stress, disease  and mortality. Toxicity by runoff
pollutants decreases bethic community diversity, and shifts community structure from pollution
intolerant groups to pollution tolerant groups.  Very toxic substances eliminate  aquatic biota until
dilution, dissipation or volitization reduces the concentration below the toxic threshold, (FHWA,
1976). Toxic effects at any level of the aquatic foodchain are seriously detrimental to the entire
system.

Pollutant accumulation levels are  determined by the initial surface pollutant load, the pollutant
accumulation rate and the time of accumulation. The majority of pollutants  are released from
vehicles, therefore accumulation rates are largely dependent on the volume and velocity of traffic,
(Kobriger et al., 1981). Following  a large storm event, initial pollutant levels are considered to be
negligible Runoff from highways with high ADT levels has been associated with the toxic effects
on aquatic biota [Winter and Gidley, 1980 (185,000 ADT)]; Portele et al., 1982, (50,000 ADT),
whereas runoff from rural low ADT highways has been associated with only minor effects to aquatic
biota (Dupis  et al., 1984). Because the ADT for all of the US 113 alternatives (including No-Build
and TSM) in the design year 2020 are predicted to range from 5,000 to 20,000 only minor impacts
would be expected.

Impacts to the aquatic biota of the streams located within the study areas will include a variety of
temporary and permanent construction impacts which will be both and may impact local biota in
various ways. Impacts to the streams and their biota may result from structures such as culverts,
pipes, piers and abutments. Stream crossings using culverts and/or pipes have the potential to disrupt
fish migrations, cause streambank and cause substrate instability which could lead to the loss of
invertebrate biota and suitable fish habitat, especially fish spawning habitats. Measures to improve
fish  passage may include  maintenance of low flow channels, provision of baffles, and  the
suppression  of the culvert bottom to maintain a natural stream bottom.
                                           IV-46

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US 113 Planning Study
        Table IV-8: Common Highway Runoff Constituents and Their Primary Sources*
1
Constituent 1
Particulates
Nitrogen, Phosphorous
^ead
Zinc
ron
Copper
Cadmium
Chromium
Nickel
Manganese
Bromide
Cyanide
Sodium, Calcium
Chloride
Sulphate
Petroleum
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Pesticides, Pathogenic bacteria
(indicators)
Rubber
Asbestos
Primary Sources 	
Pavement wear, vehicles, atmosphere, maintenance
Atmosphere, roadside fertilizer application
Leaded gasoline (auto exhaust), tire wear (lead oxide filler material),
lubricating oil and grease, bearing wear
Tire wear (filler material), motor oil (stabilizing additive), grease
Auto body rust, steel highway structures (guardrails, etc.), moving
engine parts
Metal plating, bearing and bushing wear, moving engine parts, brake
lining wear, fungicides and insecticides applied by maintenance
operations
Tire wear (filler material), insecticide application
Metal plating, moving engine parts, brake lining wear
Diesel fuel and gasoline (exhaust), lubricating oil, metal plating,
bushing wear, brake lining wear, asphalt paving
Moving engine parts
Exhaust
Anticake compound (ferric ferrocyanide, Prussian Blue or sodium
ferrocyanide, Yellow Prussiate of Soda) used to keep deicing salt
granular
Deicing salts, grease
Deicing salts
Roadway blends, fuel, deicing salts
Spills, leaks or blow-by of motor lubricants, antifreeze and hydraulic
fluids, asphalt surface leachate
Spraying of highway right-of-ways, background atmospheric
deposition, PCB catalyst in synthetic tires
Soil, litter, bird droppings and trucks hauling livestock and stockyard
waste
Tire wear
Clutch and brake lining wear
 * Source: Kobriger, 1984
                                        IV-47

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US J13 Planning Study
              Table IV-9: Number, Probable Type, and Preliminary Size
                        of Stream Crossings by Alternative
====p
Alternative
=3======
IS -No-Build

2S - TSM

2S - 20' Median
	
3S - 20" Median

]3S - 34' Median
= 	 • — r-
Stream Crossing
===i: 	 	
Purnell Branch
Poorhouse Branch
Five Mile Branch
Massey Branch
Porter Creek
Goody Hill Branch
Catbird Creek
Poplartown Branch
Purnell Branch
Poorhouse Branch
Five Mile Branch
Massey Branch
Porter Creek
Goody Hill Branch
Catbird Creek
Poplartown Branch
Purnell Branch
Poorhouse Branch
Five Mile Branch
Massey Branch
Porter Creek
Goody Hill Branch
Catbird Creek
Poplartown Branch
Purnell Branch
Poorhouse Branch
Five Mile Branch
Massey Branch
Porter Creek
Goody Hill Branch
Catbird Creek
Poplartown Branch
Purnell Branch
Poorhouse Branch
Five Mile Branch
Massey Branch
Porter Creek
Goody Hill Branch
Catbird Creek
Poplartown Branch
	 i
TypeandLength 1
of Crossing 1
Box Culvert
Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Box Culvert
Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Box Culvert
Corregated Metal Pipe
Box Culvert
Box Culvert
Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Box Culvert
Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Box Culvert
Corregated Metal Pipe
Box Culvert
Box Culvert
Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Box Culvert
Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Box Culvert
Corregated Metal Pipe
Box Culvert
Box Culvert
Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Box Culvert
Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Box Culvert
Corregated Metal Pipe
Box Culvert
Box Culvert Extension
Reinforced Concrete Pipe Ext.
Box Culvert Extension
Reinforced Concrete Pipe Ext.
Reinforced Concrete Pipe Ext.
Box Culvert Extension
Corregated Metal Pipe
Box Culvert
Size of Structure 1
•
3 cell-23 feet
3 cell-60 inches
6 feet x 8 feet
2 cell-48 inches
2 cell-52 inches
6 feet x 14 feet
36 inches
5 feet x 9 feet
3 cell-23 feet
3 cell-60 inches
6 feet x 8 feet
2 cell-48 inches
2 cell-52 inches
6 feet x 14 feet
36 inches
5 feet x 9 feet
3 cell-23 feet
3 cell-60 inches
6 feet x 8 feet
2 cell-48 inches
2 cell-52 inches
6 feet x 14 feet
36 inches
5 feet x 9 feet
3 cell-23 feet
3 cell-60 inches
6 feet x 8 feet
2 cell-48 inches
2 cell-52 inches
6 feet x 14 feet
36 inches
5 feet x 9 feet
3 cell-23 feet
3 cell-60 inches
6 feet x 8 feet
2 cell-48 inches
2 cell-52 inches
6 feet x 14 feet
36 inches
5 feet x 9 feet
Linear Feet of
Stream Impact
======
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
n

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
n

60
90
60
40
55
75
50
50
480
170
80
80
80
100
115
80
S^
790
180
90
90
90
110
125
90
95
870
                                       IV-48

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US 113 Planning Study
              Table IV-9: Number, Probable Type, and Preliminary Size
                   of Stream Crossings by Alternative (continued)
1. 1 1
Alternative Stream Crossing
=======
IN - No-Build



2N - TSM



3N - 20' Median
(50 MPH)


3N - 34' Median
(50 MPH)


3N - 20' Median
(60 MPH)



3N - 34' Median
(60 MPH)



4N Modified -
20' Median

4N Modified -
134' Median

Crippen Branch
Church Branch
Middle Branch
Birch Branch
Carey Branch
Crippen Branch
Church Branch
Middle Branch
Birch Branch
Carey Branch
Crippen Branch
Church Branch
Middle Branch
Birch Branch
Carey Branch
Crippen Branch
Church Branch
Middle Branch
Birch Branch
Carey Branch
Crippen Branch
Church Branch
Middle Branch
Birch Branch
Carey Branch

Crippen Branch
Church Branch
Middle Branch
Birch Branch
Carey Branch

Church Branch
Middle Branch
Birch Branch
Carey Branch
Church Branch
Middle Branch
Birch Branch
Carey Branch
Type and Length
of Crossing
Corregated Metal Pipe
Box Culvert
Box Culvert
Box Culvert
Box Culvert
Corregated Metal Pipe
Box Culvert
Box Culvert
Box Culvert
Box Culvert
Corregated Metal Pipe
Box Culvert
Box Culvert
Box Culvert
Box Culvert
Corregated Metal Pipe
Box Culvert
Box Culvert
Box Culvert
Box Culvert
Corregated Metal Pipe
Ext.
Box Culvert Extension
Box Culvert Extension
Box Culvert Extension
Box Culvert Extension
Corregated Metal Pipe
Ext.
Box Culvert Extension
Box Culvert Extension
Box Culvert Extension
Box Culvert Extension
New Box Culvert
New Box Culvert
Box Culvert Extension
Box Culvert Extension
New Box Culvert
New Box Culvert
Box Culvert Extension
Box Culvert Extension
Size of Structure
2 cell-36 inches
8 Vt feet x 15 feet
7 Vz feet x 9 feet
7 feet x 16 feet
6 feet x 1 1 feet
2 cell-36 inches
8 Vifeetx 15 feet
7 l/2 feet x 9 feet
7 feet x 16 feet
6 feet x 1 1 feet
2 cell-36 inches
8 Vz feetx 15 feet
7 l/2 feet x 9 feet
7 feet x 16 feet
6 feet x 1 1 feet
2 cell-36 inches
8 Vz feetx 15 feet
7 Vz feet x 9 feet
7 feetx 16 feet
6 feet x 1 1 feet
2 cell-36 inches
8 Vz feet x 15 feet
7 ft feet x 9 feet
7 feetx 16 feet
6 feet x 1 1 feet

2 cell-36 inches
8 ป/z feet x 15 feet
7 ft feet x 9 feet
7 feetx 16 feet
6 feet x 1 1 feet

8 Vz feetx 15 feet
7 ft feet x 9 feet
7 feetx 16 feet
6 feet x 1 1 feet
8 Vz feetx 15 feet
7 ft feet x 9 feet
7 feetx 16 feet
6 feet x 1 1 feet
Linear Feet of
Stream Impact
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
85
120
350
140
80
775
95
130
380
150
90
845
105
140
415
160
JJ5
935
115
160
430
170
130
1005
270
500
160
ill
1045
285
520
170
130
1,105
                                       IV-49

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               Table IV-9: Number, Probable Type, and Preliminary Size
                     of Stream Crossings by Alternative  (continued)
                                     Type and Length
                                        of Crossin
3N/4N Modified •
20' Median
3N/4N Modified -
34' Median
Church Branch
Middle Branch
Birch Branch
Carey Branch
Church Branch
Middle Branch
Birch Branch
Carey Branch
New Box Culvert
New Box Culvert
Box Culvert Extension
Box Culvert Extension
New Box Culvert
New Box Culvert
Box Culvert Extension
Box Culvert Extension
8 V4 feet x 15 feet
7 Vi feet x 9 feet
7 feet x 16 feet
6 feet x 11 feet
S'/ifeetx 15 feet
7 'A feet x 9 feet
7 feet x 16 feet
6 feet x 11 feet
270
500
160
ill
1045

285
520
170
12Q
1,105
depth and channel formation.

Broader  shallower streams promote warming of the stream and a decrease in dissolved oxygen. An



are processed through the aquatic ecosystem.

n,,rin* final design  consideration will be  given  to maintaining the geomorphic stability of the

^^
animal usage, and maintaining the active floodplain of the streams crossed.









 throughout all phases of this project.

 The restoration of streams within the study area to compensate for stream loss will be considered
 luring  S design. Until detailed hydrologic data is available it is not possible to identify

 appropriate restoration methods.
                                             IV-50

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US 113 Planning Study
The Pocomoke River, a Maryland wild and scenic river, is located at least 2,500 feet to the west of
US 113.  Because the river flows roughly parallel to the roadway, US 113 does not cross it. No
impacts to the wild and scenic resource are expected.

Adverse impacts to water quality during construction of the roadway or borrow pits will be mitigated
through strict adherence to the SHA erosion and sediment control procedures. All borrow material
will be obtained from clean upland sites.  All areas of exposed soil will be vegetatively or
structurally stabilized as soon as practical. An SHA approved stormwater management plan will also
be required for this project. The stormwater management plan will include both quantity and quality
management for stormwater runoff prior to discharge into receiving waters.

Stormwater management facilities can cause several negative environmental impacts including:
increasing downstream water temperatures, reducing downstream dissolved oxygen level during dry
weather discharge, sacrifice of upstream channels, provide a barrier to the downstream movement
of bedload, provide a barrier to fish movement, and the disturbance of wetlands (Schuler and Galli,
1991). These negative impacts will be minimized by the careful placement of these facilities outside
stream channels and wetlands.

Other measures to minimize construction related impacts include:

       •      Initiating temporary stream closures where necessary.
       •      Minimizing equipment operation within the stream channels.
              Constructing temporary in-stream measures (Coffer dams, stream crossings) with
             • clean materials.
              Locating equipment fueling and service staging areas away from aquatic resources.
              Constructing culvert extensions or new  structures at stream  crossings in such  a
              manner as to promote continued easy fish migration and/or avoid  any additional
              impact within stream channels.

All waters of the United States including Jurisdictional Wetlands are regulated under Section 404
of the Clean Water Act (CWA). These areas also regulated by the State of Maryland through its
wetlands and waterways statutes. Project activities impacting Jurisdictional waters and wetlands will
require authorization from the Corps of Engineers and the Maryland Department of the Environment.

H.    Floodplains

The No-Build and TSM Alternatives will not cause additional impacts to any 100-year floodplains.

 Each of the Build Alternatives will traverse the 100 year floodplains associated with major stream
 systems in the study areas which include Purnell Branch, Poorhouse Branch, Five Mile Branch,
 Massey Branch, Porter Branch, Goody Hill Branch, and Poplartown Branch in the southern study
 area and Crippen Branch, Church Branch, Middle Branch, Birch Branch and Carey Branch on the
 northern study area. Table IV-10 shows the area of impact to these 100-year floodplains by each
 alternative.
                                          IV-51

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                   Table IV-10: Impacts to the 100-Year Floodplain
                                             Proposed Floodplain Impact (acres
          IS-No-Build
          .•™—i^^-^—

          2S-TSM
          2S - 20' Median
          _—^—.^————

          3S - 20' Median
                     	

          3S - 34' Median
          _.

          IN-No-Build
          —————

          2N - TSM
          ^_—    -"

          3N - 20' Median / 50 MPH
          _	•	•

          3N - 34' Median / 50 MPH
          __	—	•

          3N - 20' Median / 60 MPH
          __—	'

          3N - 34' Median / 60 MPH
          	•

          4N Modified - 20' Median
          	.	•—•	

           4N Modified - 34' Median
           	.	•	

           3N/4N Modified - 20' Median
           _	•	

           3N/4N Modified - 34' Median
These estimates are based on preliminary structure sizes
during the design phase of the project.
                                                   . Final determination of si.es win be made
following:
                       ^ potential for interruption or termination of a transportation facilitywhich
                       for emergency vehicles or provides a community's only evacuation routes,
              a significant risk, or

              a significant adverse impact on natural and beneficial floodplain values.
                                            IV-52

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US 113 Planning Study
The use of standard hydraulic design techniques for all waterway openings which limit upstream
flood level increases and approximate existing downstream flow rates will be utilized where feasible.

Use of state-of-the-art sediment and erosion control techniques and stormwater management controls
will  ensure that none of the encroachments would result in risks or impacts to the beneficial
floodplain values or provide direct or indirect support to further development within the floodplain.
Preliminary analyses indicate that no significant floodplain impacts are expected to occur as a result
of any proposed Build Alternatives.  A floodplain finding, if required, will be presented in the final
environmental document.

All of the proposed culverts, culvert extensions or other structures at stream crossings will pass the
100-year flood flow without flooding of the roadway. Sections of roadway which may traverse a
floodplain shall be located above the 100-year flood level for protection from flood damage. At the
final design phase of the project, the plans will be reviewed by federal, state and local agencies to
ensure that the design complies with state and local floodplains regulations.

Proposed floodplain encroachments must be in accordance  with the provisions of Executive Order
11988. Crossings of the 100-year floodplain will be sized to safely convey the 100-year flood flow
without overtopping the roadway or causing adverse impacts downstream.
I.
Wetlands
Wetland identification methodology is described in Chapter ffl, Section H. A functional assessment
of the wetlands has been conducted using the New England Corps Descriptive Approach.  The
findings of this assessment are presented in Chapter HI, Section H, and are included in the wetland
summary table, Table IE-15.

Potential impacts to waters of the United States, including Jurisdictional wetlands and streams were
determined based on right-of-way limits for each of the alternatives. This represents the "worst case"
for the impacts and actual wetland impacts based on construction slope limits should be less.
Impacts to waters of the United States including wetlands within the study area are unavoidable for
any of the Build Alternatives. The placement of fill within some wetlands and the construction of
stream crossings on others will cause the loss of wetland acreage which, in turn, may also impair one
or more of the wetland functions detailed in Chapter ffl.  Wetland  values and functions may be
further impaired by any impacts to surface water quality caused by the construction or operation of
US 113 (Surface Water Resources, Section IV-G).  Alternative alignments, slope limits, right-of-
way, and wetlands locations are shown  in Appendix A. The acreage of encroachment for each
wetland within the dualization alternatives are included  in Table  IV-11.  Total  acreage  of
encroachment for each wetland class are included in Table IV-12.
                                          IV-53

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US 113 Planning Study
  Table IV-ll: Impacts To Wetlands Within The Study Area By Each Build Alternative'
                                  Southern Study Area
Wetland
Number1
	 i— ^^E?T
W-l
W-2
W-3
W-4
W-5
W-5A
W-6
W-7
W-8
W-9
W-10
W-ll
W-12
W-13
1 V/-14
W-15
W-16
W-17
W-18
W-19
W-20
W-21
| W-22
i TOTAL
Wetland
Classification3
	 —
PEM
PFO
PFO
PFO
PEM/PSS
PEM/PSS
PFO
PFO
PFO
PSS/R2
PFO
PFO/R2
PFO
PFO
PFO
PFO
PFO
PFO
PFO
PFO
PFO
PFO/R2
PFO
	 —————
i 	 ^^=^^=^=
         1.
         2.
         3.
__— — — — — — ^
Stream

========
Hardship Branch
Patty's Branch
Patty's Branch
Patty's Branch
Patty's Branch
Patty's Branch
Patty's Branch
Patty's Branch
Pumell Branch
Poorhouse Branch
Five Mile Branch
Massey Branch
Massey Branch
Porter Creek
Bassett Creek
Bassett Creek
Bassett Creek
Bassett Creek
Catbird Creek
Poplartown Branch
Poplartown Branch
Poplartown Branch
Poplartown Branch

Total
Wetland
Area4
(Acres)
Impacted Area (acres)
Alternatives
2S - 20'
Median
	 *
100 <0.1
>500 1.1
200 1 <0.1
2.0
1 1.0
2.0
>500
>500
>500
200
>500
100
>500
100
100
5.0
200
0.8
100
1.0
ct\
50
200
200
"
"
0.6
0.8
<0.1
<0.1
1.7
0.3
""
"
0.2
<0. 1
0.7
*•""
0.2
	
1 5.8
	 '
3S-201
Median
,
0.2
1.1
_'
0.4
0 5
\J.~J
0.8
1.4
01
. i
n i
U. 1
3.6
0.6

0.6
0.5
0 4
V.^
1 9
1 .ฃ•

0.3
—i "'—
11.8
3S - 34'
Median
_
0.3
1.3
..
0.5
0.6
0.9
1.6
0.1

0.1
4.0
0.7

0.7
0.6
0.5
1.3

_„
0.4
.
13.6
!.
Siream (walers of the US) impact. are discussed in Seclion IV-G and in Table IV-2.

                                               :™s
                                                    d NW, ,
               To,.,

               Apparent errors due to rounding.

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US 113 Planning Study

1 NorthernStudy Area
1
.
Alternatives
3N/4N Modified
-34' Median
I||
13 •-
z s u
*1S
Z S o =5
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_• ! i o' — cs 	 ' ' ' ' O o" O ' cs

— ' ' O— CSOOO ' ' ' 'O'O'O ' C3
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_: i ! o" — cs — — — ' ' ' ' ci cs ' — o
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O O o ' O" — ' — O ' ' ' ' O C> C3 ' O
-~ ™~ rป-> — so ^ r^ v> "-• r^ cs
OOO'OO'OO'1 ' ' 'OOO'CJ
— ~ f> . — 1~: , "">. ฐฐ. . , , i ^ M. •*: i ""1
C3 *™' CD ' CD C5 ' CD C^ t i i i C3 O* CJi> ' CD
— cscs 'JJ1^1^
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0. 0. OL.

2
2
oo
TT
in
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SO
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3



i
iscusscd in Section IV-G and in Table 1V-2.
'BIS.
Forested Wetland
Scrub/Shrub Wetland
Emergent Wetland
Stream
area is estimated from Soil Survey and NWI information.
waters of the US) impacts are d
vetlands to be verified for the F
PFO - Palustrine
PSS - Palustrine
PEM - Palustrine
R2 • Perennial
tland area outside of the study
t errors due to rounding.
*"" 5 c
g ง g, 20.
is co u _o_2-
co U.-J H<
— CS r
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US 113 Planning Study
       Table IV-12: Impacts To Wetlands By Alternative By Wetland Classification

Alternative
IS -No-Build
2S - TSM
2S - 20' Median
3S - 20' Median
3S - 34' Median
IN -No-Build
2N - TSM
3N - 20' Median / 50 MPH
3N - 34' Median / 50 MPH
3N- 20' Median 760 MPH
3N - 34' Median 7 60 MPH
4N Modified - 20' Median
4N Modified - 34' Median
3N/4N Modified - 20' Median
3N/4N Modified - 34' Median
==============================:
1 Approximate impact to k
Apparent errors due to ro
Wetland Classification
Palustrine
Forested
0.0
0.0
5.8
11.3
13.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
2.8
5.1
6.0
21.1
23.3
9.2
10.2
================
irmed wetlands to be v
unding.
Palustrine
Scrub/Shrub
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
=====
srified and surveyed fo
Palustrine
Emergent
0.0
0.0
<0.1
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.1
1.3
1.8
2.0
=======
r the FEIS.
Farmed
Wetlands1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
<0.1
<0.1
0.3
0.4
1.2
1.4
1.1
1.2
1 -^
                                        IV-56

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 US 113 Planning Study
 In addition to direct impacts to wetlands caused by earthwork and highway structures, post-
 construction impacts to wetland values and functions may also be realized. These may include such
 impacts as: the loss of wetland flora, fauna and habitat due to sediment and pollutant deposition or
 hydrologic changes; the interruption of reproductive cycles by highway related noise; and the
 interruption of migration into and out of wetland areas by highway  traffic or structural barriers
 (Erickson, et al., 1980).

 Existing functions for each wetland within a Build Alternative right-of-way were determined using
 New England Corps of Engineers Descriptive method. The definition and assessment criteria that
 were used during the field review of wetland functions is provided in Chapter HI, Section H.3. The
 results of the wetland function assessment are summarized in Table 01-16.

 In general, most of the existing functions will continue to be provided by remaining portions of the
 wetlands although the quantity or magnitude of these functions would be reduced proportionally with
 the area lost. For some wetlands, the introduction of new sediment/toxicant sources; the introduction
 or loss of inlets, outlets or construction; the change in the input area; etc, will impact the wetland's
 effectiveness and/or opportunity to perform some or all functions. The wetland functions most
 impacted or limited by  the Build Alternative include:  sediment/toxicant retention, flood flow
 alteration, wildlife habitat and nutrient removal/ transformation.

 Some encroachment into wetlands within the corridor was avoided  during preliminary design.
 Where possible, alternatives were located to avoid wetland resources. Avoidance of the riverine
 wetlands that are nearly perpendicular to the alternative alignments was not achievable in several
 instances. Unavoidable impacts to all wetlands will be minimized by circumventing resources to
 the extent possible; maximizing slopes, thereby reducing fill; and using culverts and bridges to
 maintain existing stream channels and hydrologic connections.

 Specific wetlands impacted by the Build Alternatives are detailed below.  Avoidance or further
 minimization of impacts to  these wetlands would cause additional displacements, alignment
difficulties or additional wetlands impacts.  The following provides the analysis of avoidance
alternatives, in accordance with the Section 404  (b)  (1) guidelines, for  each of the dualization
alternatives.

+     Southern Study Area

       Wetland 1 is located on both sides of existing US 113, north of Castle Hill Road; shifting
       the dualization to the  east would reduce the wetland impact to W-l, but would require
       approximately 1,500 feet of additional road reconstruction. To  minimize the proposed
       impacts, 2:1 outside slopes and guardrail have been used to reduce the roadway footprint.

      Wetland 2 is located on both sides of existing US 113, south of Snow Hill Road; shifting the
      dualization to the east would cause additional impacts to W-2.  To minimize the proposed
      impacts, 2:1 outside slopes and guardrail have been used to reduce the roadway footprint.
                                         IV-57

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Wetland 3 is located on both sides of existing US 113, just south of Snow Hill Road;
shifting the dualization to the east would impact approximately the same acreage of wetland
of W-3 and increase the impact to W-2.

Wetland 4 is located to the east of US 113, south of Brick Kiln Road, and is not impacted
by this alternative.

Wetland 5 is located to the  west  of US 113, north of Washington  Street; shifting the
dualization  to  the east  would require approximately 2,000  feet of additional^road
reconstruction and cause an impact to a currently unimpacted farmed wetland and also
increase impacts to W-7.

Wetland 5A is located to the west of US 113, south of Public Landing Road.  Shifting the
dualization to  the east would require approximately 2,400 feet of  additional roadway
construction. Although this shift would reduce the impacts to W-5, W-6 and avoid W-5A,
it would cause an impact to a currently unimpacted fanned wetland and the unimpacted W-7.

To minimize the proposed impacts to Wetland 5 and 5 A, 2:1 outside slopes and guardrail
 have been used to reduce the roadway footprint.

 Wetland 6 is located to the west of US 113, north of Public Landing Road.  Shifting the
 alignment to the east would  require approximately 2,000 ^4f 7 t^WSA*
 construction. Although this shift could reduce the impacts to W-5, W-6 and avoid W-5 A.
 it would cause an impact to a currently unimpacted farmed wetland and the unimpacted W-7^
 Impacts to Wetland 6 are further minimized through the use of 2:1 outside slopes and
 guardrail to reduce the roadway footprint.

 Wetland 7 is located to the east of existing US 113, north of Public Landing Road.  This
 wetland is not impacted by the dualization.

 Wetland 8 is located along Pumell Branch on both sides of existing US 113, south of Market
 Street This wetland could not be avoided, because of its size and how closely it is located
 along US 113. Shifting the dualization to the east would cause even greater impacts to the
 wetland. To minimize the proposed impacts, 2:1 outside slopes and guardrail have been used
 to reduce the roadway footprint.

 Wetland 9 is located along Poorhouse Branch on both sides of existing US  113, north of
 Cedar town Road. Shifting the dualization to the east would cause greater impacts to W-9.

  Wetland 10 is  located  along Five Mile Branch to the east of existing US 113, North of
  Cedral Site Lane and is not impacted.
                                     IV-58

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US 113 Planning Study
      Wetland 11 is located on both sides of existing US 113. South of Langmaid Road.  Shifting
      the dualization to the east would cause additional impacts to W-ll.  To  minimize the
      proposed impacts, 2:1 outside slopes and guardrail have been used to reduce the roadway
      footprint.

      Wetland 12 is located along Massey Branch on both sides of existing US  113, between
      Langmaid and Newark Roads.  This wetland could not be avoided, because of its size and
      location along US 113. Shifting the dualization would decrease the wetland impacts, but
      would require approximately 3,500 feet of additional roadway construction.  To minimize
      the proposed impacts, 2:1 outside slopes and guardrail have been used to reduce the roadway
      footprint.

      Wetland 13 is located along Porter Creek on both sides of existing US 113, north of Newark
      Road.  Shifting the dualization to the west could reduce the wetland impact, but would
      require approximately 3,000 feet of additional roadway construction and impact the currently
      unimpacted W-13A. To minimize the proposed impacts to W-13, 2:1 outside slopes and
      guardrail have been  used to reduce the roadway footprint.

      Wetlands  13A and 14 are located to the west and east respectively of existing US 113,
      between Newark and Goody Hill Roads.  These wetlands are not affected by the dualization.

      Wetlands 15 and 17 are located to the  west, with Wetland 16 located along Goody Hill
      Branch on both sides of existing US 113, near Goody Hill Road. Shifting the alignment to
      the east would avoid W-15 (a wetland of special state concern) and  17, and impact
      approximately the same acreage from W-16, but the shift would require approximately 2,000
      feet of roadway construction and impact a currently unimpacted farmed wetland and increase
      impacts to W-18. Impacts to W-16 are further minimized through the use of 2:1 outside
      slopes and guardrail to reduce the roadway footprint.

      Wetland 18 is located along Catbird Creek on both sides of existing US 113, south of Bays
      End Lane. This wetland could not be avoided.  Shifting the dualization would increase the
      impacts to W-18. Impacts to W-18 have been minimized through the use of 2:1 outside
      slopes and guardrail to reduce the roadway footprint.

      Wetlands 19 and 20 are located to the east of existing US 113, between Bays End Lane and
      Mason Road. These wetlands are not affected by the dualization.

      Wetland 21 is located  along Poplartown Branch to the east of existing US  113, south of
      Harrison Road, and is not impacted by the dualization.
                                        IV-59

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Wetland 22 is located along Poplartown Branch to the west side existing US 1 13, south of
Hanfeon Road. Shifting the duration to the east would decrease the acreage impacted to
W^2, but would impact the currently unimpacted W-21 and require approximately 2 500
L of additional roadway construction. Impacts to W-22 have been minimized through the
use of 2:1 outside slopes and guardrail to reduce the roadway footprmt.

Northern Study Area

Wetland 23 (Alternatives 3N and 4N Modified), is located to the west of existing US 1 13,
north of Dee Park Road. Wetland 23, under Alternative 3N, could be avoided by shifting
r aliment to the east requiring approximately 600 feet of roadway oon^d^
increasing impacts to W-24 and W-25, additional residential displacements and greater loss
of farmlands.

Wetlands 23 and 26, (Alternative 4N Modified), could not be avoided, because of their sizes
 and low closely they are located to Alternative 4N Modified  alignments tie-m/take-off
 points with existing US 1 13 roadway.

 Wetlands 24 and 25 (Alternative 3N),  are located to the east of existing US 113 of the
 meePenny Lane intention, l^to**^***^^^^™*
 impacted  to W-24 and W-25, but would increase the  impacts  to W-23 and require
 approximately 1,000 feet of additional roadway construction.

 Wetland 26 (Alternative 4N Modified), could not be avoided, because of their sizes and how
 closely they are located to Alternative 4N Modified alignments tie-in/take-off points with
 existing US 1 13 roadway.

 Wetland 27 (Alternative 4N Modified), is located 2,400 feet to the west of existing US 1 13
 between Carey Road and MD Route 90. This wetland could not be avoided, because of its
 size and being located so close to the existing graded MD Route 90 Interchange.
  Wetlands 28, 30 and 31 (Alternatives 3N and 4N Modified) ate
  Middle and Birch Branch respectively, located to both sides of existing US  1 3 and the
  Modified alignment crossing between Racetrack and Jarvis Roads. These wetlands could not
  be avoided by shifting the dualization or realigning the alignment, because of their length
  topacts to W-28, 30, and 31 have been minimized through the use of 2:1 outside slopes and
  guardrail to reduce the roadway footprint.

  Wetland 29 (Alternative 4N Modified), is located 500 feet east of existing US 1 13, north of
  Church Branch and on both sides of Alternative 4N Modified. Shifting the ahgnmen to (he
  wS would decrease the acreage impacted to W-29, and the roadway lengths would stay
  rppr^mately the same, but the shift would increase impacts to W-28 and W-30, and reqmre
  additional residential displacements.
                                     IV-60

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US 113 Planning Study
       Wetlands 32 and 35 (Alternatives 3N and 4N Modified), are located to the east, with
       Wetlands 33 and 34 (Alternatives 3N and 4N Modified), located to the west of existing US
       113, between Shingle Landing and Bishopville Roads. These Wetlands are not impacted by
       the dualization.

       Wetland 36 (Alternatives 3N and 4N Modified), is located to the east of existing US 113,
       north of Old Stage Road. Shifting the dualization to the west would reduce the impacts to
       W-36, but would impact a currently unimpacted W-33 and require the taking of the C&P
       Telephone building along with approximately 600 feet of additional roadway construction.

       Wetland 37 (Alternatives 3N and 4N Modified) is located to the west of existing US 113,
       between Bishopville and Whaleyville Roads.

       Alternative 3N - Wetlands along existing US 113 could be reduced by shifting the alignment
       to the east requiring approximately 1,200 feet of additional roadway construction, along with
       additional residential (4) and business (3) displacements.  The wetland impacts were
       minimized through the use of 2:1 outside slopes and guardrail to reduce the roadway foot
       print.

       Alternative 4N Modified - This part of the wetland could not be avoided to the east or west,
       because of its size and location. To minimize the proposed impacts, 2:1 outside slopes and
       guardrail have been used to reduce the roadway footprint.

       Wetland 38 (Alternatives 3N and 4N Modified), is located to the east of existing US 113,
       north of the Maryland and Delaware Railroad crossing.  This wetland could not be avoided.
       Shifting the alignment to the west or east would reduce the acreage from W-38, but the shift
       would increase  the  impacts to W-37, require additional  residential  and business
       displacement, along with additional roadway construction.

       Wetland 39  (Alternatives 3N and 4N Modified), is located 300 feet to the west of existing
       US 113, north of Whaleyville Road.  This wetland could not be avoided.   Shifting the
       alignment to  the east would reduce the acreage to W-39, but would require additional
       residential displacement and roadway construction.  Impacts to W-39 are further minimized
       through the use of 2:1 outside  slopes and guardrail to reduce the roadway footprint.

       Wetland 40   (Alternatives 3N and 4N Modified), is located along Carey Branch on both
       sides of existing US 113 and south of Morris Road.  This wetland could not be avoided.
       Shifting the alignment to the east would increase the impacts to W-40, along with additional
       residential/business displacements and roadway construction. This shift would also impact
       a currently unimpacted Transpeninsular Line Marker historical property. To minimize the
      proposed impacts, 2:1 outside slopes and guardrail have been used to reduce the roadway
       footprint.
                                        IV-61

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US 113 Planning Study
During the final design the feasibility of further wetland avoidance and minimization measures will
be evaluated. Priority will be given to maintaining the existing acreages and functions of wetlands
within the corridor.  Where unavoidable impacts exist, mitigation measures will be developed.

In order to minimize impacts to existing wetlands, strict enforcement of the erosion and sediment
control measures minimize construction-related impacts. These measures include:

       •       The use of surface mattings.
       •       Temporary and permanent seeding.
       •       The use of channel linings and slope rock protection.
       •       The use of energy dissipators.
       •       The use of silt barrier fencing.
       •       The use of turbidity curtains

The increase of impervious surface area associated with the highway construction will produce
higher peak discharges and  velocities.    Many wetland  species have  specific  water  depth
requirements, and the potential for exceedance of those requirements is great. The biotic potential
of some wetland species may be jeopardized by increased peak discharges and velocities.

Increased velocities lead to erosion and sediment transport and the eventual formation of significant
channels and/or aggradation which would limit the areas of inundation, thus shrinking wetland areas.
Discharges and velocities will need to be controlled through the use of detention  facilities that
simulate pre-development conditions. This can be achieved through the use of detention basins and
 flow regulators. These water quantity measures will protect wetland areas from post development
 impacts.  Best management practices will be used to ensure water quality.

 Mitigation  for impacted wetlands will be developed in  consultation with the  Army Corps of
 Engineers,  US Environmental Protection Agency and Maryland Department of the  Environment.
 Resource agency coordination is  necessary when developing  detailed mitigation measures to
 compensate for the loss of wetland  acreage and functions.  Such measures may  include the
 restoration of former wetland areas, creation of new wetlands or the enhancement of degraded or
 low-functioning wetlands. Generally, impacts to vegetated wetlands are  mitigated for through
 compensatory mitigation and impacts to non-vegetated Waters of the US will be minimized and may
 be compensated for through habitat improvements.

 By agreement between the Army Corps of Engineers and Environmental Protection  Agency, the
 following replacement ratios are a guideline for the mitigation of unavoidable wetland impacts.

               Forested Wetlands - 2:1
        •      Scrub/Shrub Wetlands - 2:1
        •      Emergent Wetlands-1.5:1
                                           IV-62

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 US 113 Planning Study
 These ratios are only a guideline for wetland mitigation and may be  adjusted up or down as
 appropriate to compensate for losses of wetland functions and values and impacts to wetlands of
. special state concern.

 A search for wetland mitigation sites has been initiated to identify areas that would be potentially
 suitable for wetland creation. The initial focus of the site search has been the identification of prior
 converted cropland, farmed wetlands, and recently abandoned agricultural land within or adjacent
 to the proposed right-of-way for US 1 13. Consultation with the Natural Resource and Conservation
 Service (NRCS) in Snow Hill, and the review of infra-red aerial photographs has been completed
 to identify potential  wetland mitigation sites. Additional factors evaluated during the site search
 include adjacent land use/land cover, soils, distance to existing streams and wetlands, proximity to
 the location of proposed wetland impacts, and ownership. Seven landowners in the project vicinity
 have indicated an interest in creating wetlands on their property. Additional on-site investigations
 and  negotiations with these landowners are planned to evaluate availability and hydrologic
 characteristics of the sites.

 Seventeen potential wetland mitigation sites have been identified in the study area. Each site has
 been reviewed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S.
 Fish and Wildlife Service, and Maryland Department of the Environment (see meeting minutes dated
 March 20 and 28, 1997 in Chapter VI).  Coordination with the agencies will continue as more
 detailed studies are completed for the FEIS.

 Several sites will likely be required to compensate for the proposed loss of wetland acreage and
 functions. In areas that are designated as prior converted cropland, drainage ditches or tile drains
 would be blocked to restore wetland hydrology. The area would then be replanted with vegetation
 that is adaptable to wetland conditions and that is found in natural wetlands in the region.

 Many of the natural streams in the  project area  have been ditched or otherwise modified for
 agricultural purposes. Restoration of natural channel characteristics would be incorporated into the
 wetland mitigation design where possible, by reestablishing natural fluvial geomorphology and
 riparian vegetation that is characteristic of the region.

 J.      Vegetation and Wildlife

        1.     Vegetation

        The No-Build (Alternatives IS and IN) and TSM (Alternatives 2S and 2N) alternatives are
        not expected to cause additional impacts to natural vegetation in the study area.

        Alternative 2S-201 Median and the dualize alternatives will require the clearing and grubbing
        of existing vegetation and the conversion of land for transportation purposes. This will result
        in the loss of  agricultural, forested meadowland and residential and commercial frontage.

        Some impacts to natural vegetation, crop fields and miscellaneous lawns and ornamental


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US 113 Planning Study


       plants are expected to result from each of the 3S and 3N alternatives even as the proposed
       dualization of US 113 closely parallels the existing roadway.

       The 4N Modified alternatives avoid impacts to many residential and commercial properties
       as the alignments diverges from the existing roadway and impacts pnmanly agncultural
       fields, forested and wetland areas.

       The 3N/4N Modified alternatives would impact less forested, wetland, and meadow acreage
       and would impact more landscaped and turfed acreage than the 4N Modified alternatives.

       A summary of the impacts on vegetation by each alternative alignment is shown in Table VI-
       13.

       Three specimen trees, one Southern Red Oak and two Tulip Poplars, are locatedI in the study
       area. They are clustered together, located just north of Harrison Road. A specimen tree is
       identified as any tree with a DBH (diameter at breast height) of 30 inches or greater.  These
       u?es will be impacted by the Alternative 2S-20' Median and by the 3S alternatives. Impact
       ^!L Southern Red oak may be avoided through the inclusion of guardrail. This will be
       addressed in later stages of this project.

       Impacts to forested areas will require reforestation in accordance with the re vised Maryland
       Forest Conservation Act (1994). The mitigation of wetland impacts is addressed in Section
       IV-I of this document.  Other mitigation options such as landscaping, for the impacts to
       vegetation by the build alternatives will be further defined and finalized in later stages of this
       project.
                                            IV-64

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US 113 Planning Study
                       Table IV-13:   Impacts to Vegetation
Alternative
IS -No-Build
2S - TSM
2S - 20' Median
3S - 20' Median
3S - 34' Median
IN -No-Build
2N - TSM
3N - 20' Median / 50 MPH
3N- 34' Median/ 50 MPH
3N - 20' Median / 60 MPH
3N - 34' Median / 60 MPH
4N Modified - 20' Median
4N Modified - 34' Median
3N/4N Modified-20' Median
3N/4N Modified-341 Median
Agriculture
Land (ac)
0
0
20
104
115
0
0
35
39
39
44
102
102
103
103
Upland
Forest
(ac)
0
0
39
47
52
0
0
14
13
15
17
53
59
48
53
Upland
Meadow
(ac)
0
0
8
10
11
0
0
15
14
17
19
15
17
17
19
Wetland
(ac)
0
0
5.8
11.8
13.6
0
0
3.6
4.3
6.6
7.5
22.4
24.8
11.2
12.4
Landscaped
and Turfed
Areas (ac)
0
0
56
67
74
0
0
46
42
51
57
15
17
17
19
Total
(ac)
0
0
129
240
266
0
0
114
112
129
145
207
220
196
206
                                     IV-65

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2.     Wildlife








species would be impacted by the roadway alternatives.
  The No-BuM Alternative will no, cause any additional NPซ?











  loss of wildlife habitat and the wildlife using that habitat.
  The 4N Modified alternatives require the provision of right-of-way area >^ซtซ ough








                    in addition to the physical removal of natural vegetation.


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US 113 Planning Study
       habitat types known as the ecotone, will be beneficial to other species such as the white-tail
       deer and black rat snake (Leedy and Adams, 1997).  These effects will be minimal however
       because of the large, existing areas of open agricultural land  and the existing ecotones
       throughout the study areas.

       The wildlife species found within the vicinity of the alignments along existing US 113 are
       generally tolerant of man induced noise.   Wildlife species found in the areas  of new
       alignment may be exposed to new noise elements. Noise levels may have a negative impact
       on breeding birds who depend on vocal communication for attracting mates. It is expected
       that additional pollutants carried into adjacent water resources by surface runoff could result
       in some water quality  degradation, thereby affecting biota within the  receiving water
       resources,  however, as shown in Section IV-G these effects are expected to be minimal.
       Minor additional air pollution is not expected to have an adverse affect on wildlife as it will
       be readily dispersed by wind.

       The associated loss of wildlife caused by alternatives may be  mitigated by the enhancement
       of the wildlife habitat through reforestation including vegetation with high wildlife food
       value (mast producing trees,  seed or berry producing shrubs, etc.), and plants which will
      provide cover for wildlife.

      To protect aquatic resources including anadromus fish species such as yellow perch, white
      perch, alewife, and blueback  herring, no iristream construction will be permitted between
      February 15 and June 15.

      SHA has coordinated with US Fish and Wildlife Service and with the Maryland Department
      of Natural Resources to identify rare, threatened or endangered species  in the study area.

      3.     Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species

      There are no federally listed rare, threatened, or endangered (RTE) species  known to occur
      within the study area therefore no impacts will occur. Of the five state  listed RTE species
      recorded in the project area, two of these, the state rare seaside alder (Alnus maritima) and
      the blackbanded sunfish (Enneaconthus chactadori) which is in need of conservation, are
      potentially impacted by the dualization alternatives. The presence of several seaside alders
      within the southern study area was verified during field surveys in July 1996. Although the
      presence of the blackbanded sunfish was not confirmed during this  study, it has been
      identified during previous surveys of Carey Branch in the northern study area.

      The No-Build and TSM alternatives are not expected to cause any impacts to rare, threatened,
      or endangered species or their habitats within the northern or southern study area.
                                         IV-67

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      creation/restoration areas if possible.












       sediment contamination of Carey Branch.



K.     Air Quality





                                  ^








 for same analysis years.











 in site work.














  quality of the area.
                                            IV-68

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US 113 Planning Study
                       TABLE IV-14: CO Concentrations - Southern Study Area
Receptor
1-1
1-2
1-3
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9 '
4-10
4-11
4-12
2000
No-Build
1-Hr.
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.9
2.9
3.2
3.1
3.5
3.0
3.3
2.9
3.4
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.4
2.9
3.0
3.2
2.8
2.9
2.9
8-Hr.
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
.0
.0
.1
.1
.3
.1
1.2
1.0
.2
.1
.0
.1
.0
.0
.1
.1
.0
.1
.1
.3
.0
.1
.1
.0
1.0
1.0
Build
1-Hr.
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.8
,2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.1
2.8
2.9
3.2
2.9
L 2.7
3.1
2.9
3.2
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.8
3.0
2.9
8-Hr.
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
.0
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1
.2
.1
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
.1
.1
.1
0.9
.1
.1
.1
.1
.0
.1
.0
.1
.1
2020
No-Build
1-Hr.
2.6
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.9
2.9
3.1
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.3
2.9
3.4
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.4
2.9
3.0
3.2
2.8
2.9
2.9
8-Hr.
0.9
0.9
0.9
.0
.0
.0
.1
.1
.3
.1
1.2
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.0
.1
.0
.0
.1
.1
.0
.1
.1
.3
.1
.1
.1
.0
.0
.0
Build
1-Hr.
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.1
3.2
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.1
2.8
2.9
3.2
2.9
2.7
3.1
2.9
3.2
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.8
3.0
2.9
8-Hr.
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
.0
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.2
.0
.1
.1
.1
1.1
l.Q
1.1
1.1
1.1
0.9
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
.0
.1
.0
.1
.1
Notes:   1-hour average CO concentrations include a 2.6 ppm background concentration.  Worse Case (a.m. or p.m.)
        shown.
        8-hour average CO concentrations include a 0.9 ppm background concentration.
        The S/NAAQS for the 1-hour average is 35.0 ppm.
        The S/NAAQS for the 8-hour average is 9.0 ppm.
                                             IV-69

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US 113 Planning Study
                       TABLE IV-15: CO Concentrations - Northern Study Area
                                1-Hr.  I 8-Hr. 1 1-Hr. I 8-Hr.
Notes:
          —


          1-hour average CO concentrations include a 2.6 ppm background concentration. Worse Case (a.m. or p.m.)
          ^IIQWTI
          8-hour average CO concentrations include a 0.9 ppm background concentration.

          The S/NAAQS for the 1-hour average is 35.0 ppm.
          The S/NAAQS for the 8-hour average is 9.0 ppm
                                                rv-70

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US 113 Planning Study
L.     Noise Quality

       1.      Criteria for Determining Noise Impact

       The existing noise environment of the area residential receptors involved in this study
       reflects a base of steady "background" noise, which is the sum of many distant noise sources.
       Super-imposed on this background noise is the noise from traffic on US 113.

       To describe noise environments, and to assess impact on noise sensitive areas, a frequency
       weighing measure which simulates  the human perceptions is customarily selected. A-
       weighted ratings of noise sources, which reflect the human ear's reduced sensitivity to low
       frequencies, have been found to correlate well with human perceptions of the annoying
       aspects of noise, particularly from traffic noise sources. Consequently A-weighted noise
       levels, described in decibels-A or dBA, are  the values  cited by Federal Highway
       Administration (FHWA) in its noise criteria. Noise levels can often be predicted by knowing
       the general characteristics of the source and its surroundings.

       One  area  of  environmental acoustics that has received considerable attention  is  the
       development  of methods to describe  the impact of highway noise  on the community.
       Attempts to correlate noise environments with community annoyance have led to  the
       development of several single-number noise descriptions for the assessment of community
       reaction. To accurately reflect peoples' reactions to noise, a descriptor should describe the
       fluctuating noise levels completely by including intensity and frequency characteristics along
       with the variation of both over time. Furthermore, it should describe, in  a single number, the
       known effects of noise on humans. A descriptor that satisfies these  requirements is  the
       Equivalent Noise Level, Leq, which is the constant noise level that contains the same amount
       of acoustical energy as the actual fluctuating level of interest over the same period of time.
       The FHWA has designated the hourly Equivalent Noise level value, Leq(h), in its noise
       criteria.

       Criteria adopted by the Maryland SHA for the determination of an impacted receptor have
       been implemented throughout the analysis for this project and are  summarized as follows:

       According to the procedures described in FHWA Title 23 Code of Federal Regulations Part
       772, noise impacts occur when predicted noise levels for the design year (2020) approach or
       exceed the noise abatement  criterion for a particular land use category, or when predicted
       noise levels are substantially  higher than existing ambient noise levels. The Maryland State
       Highway Administration and FHWA defines "approach" as 66 dBA or above, and uses a 10
       dBA increase  to define a substantial increase.  Under SHA's current noise policy, once an
       impact has been identified, the following factors are evaluated to  determine whether
       mitigation  is feasible and reasonable:
                                         IV-71

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US 113 Planning Study
       Feasibility
              Can noise levels be reduced by at least 3 decibels at impacted receptors? The noise
              reduction goal for receptors with the highest noise levels (first right-of-way receivers)
              is 7-10 decibels.

              Will the placement of a noise barrier restrict pedestrian or vehicular access or cause
              a safety problem, such as limiting sight distance or reduction of a vehicle recovery
              area?

              Will the construction of a noise barrier result in utility impacts?

              Will the construction of a noise barrier have an impact upon existing drainage?

              Will an impact  occur to a Section 4(f) resource?  Section 4(f) resources include
              publicly owned  recreation areas and parks, wildlife areas, conservation areas and
              historic sites that are either on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places.

              Are there  other non-highway  noise sources in the area that would reduce the
              effectiveness of a noise barrier?
        Reasonableness
               Acceptability of proposed abatement.  SHA requires that 75% of impacted and
               benefited residents approve of the proposed abatement.

               Comparison of no-build to  build noise levels.  Noise  abatement is considered
               reasonable if a 3 decibel or greater change in design year build noise levels over
               design year no-build levels will result from the proposed highway improvements.
               The cumulative effects of the highway improvements made after the construction of
               the original highway will also be considered.

               If noise levels equal or exceed 72 decibels at impacted receptors, SHA will consider
               noise abatement reasonable for any proposed improvements that will increase the
               noise levels.

               Is the cost of abatement reasonable? SHA defines reasonable cost as a maximum of
               $50,000 per residence.  SHA feels it is reasonable to include in the cost calculation
               all impacted receivers that would receive  a 3 decibel or greater reduction from a
               barrier.  SHA will consider all receptors that will not experience noise levels equal
               to or greater than 66 decibels or an increase of 10 decibels over ambient levels as
               benefited by a noise barrier if they receive a 5 decibel or greater reduction from a
               noise barrier.
                                           IV-72

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US 113 Planning Study
             The most recent five years of bidding experience will be used to calculate the square
             foot factor used to estimate noise barrier cost. Currently, SHA is using a cost of
             $178.03 per square meter ($16.54 per square foot). This cost figure is based upon
             current costs of panels, footings, and installation.

       •      Will  the noise barriers  have a significant  negative visual  impact at  impacted
             receptors?

       •      Are there any special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural  significance at the
             receptors that should be evaluated?

       2.     Predicted Noise Levels

       Analysis Procedures

       This analyses was conducted in accordance with standard Federal Highway Administration
       guidelines and current State Highway Administration procedures and policies. The analysis
       began with the determination of existing noise levels along US 113 by measuring ambient
       noise levels at 65 receptor sites. Existing noise levels were recorded using a Metrosonic db-
       308 Sound Analyzer for a 15-minute period. An acoustic analysis was performed utilizing
       the STAMINA 2.0 traffic noise prediction model. The computer model incorporates the
       following:

       •      Traffic characteristics (volume, speed, percentage of heavy and medium trucks)
       •      Topography (distance, elevation, vegetation, barriers)
       •      Roadway characteristics (distance and elevation)
       •      Sensitive receptors (distance and elevation)

      The  STAMINA 2.0  computer model  was established based  upon proposed  roadway
      improvements and projected future traffic conditions which included prediction points along
      the existing roadway, and the aforementioned field receptors. The predicted increase in noise
      levels was computed by subtracting the predicted noise levels from the existing noise levels.
      Additionally, a future No-Build scenario was modeled.  The No-Build model is based upon
      the existing roadway conditions and projected future traffic conditions.  This allows
      comparison of the future noise levels between the No-Build and build alternatives. The SHA
      criteria for determining an impacted receiver can be applied.

      Traffic Data

      Traffic data were recorded in 15 minute samples during monitoring at several  ambient
      receptor sites  and then converted to hourly volumes.  The traffic samples were utilized in
      calibrating the STAMINA 2.0 models.  Samples were recorded for autos, medium trucks and
                                        IV-73

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        US 113 Planning Study
               heavy trucks and their associated speeds noted. Medium trucks are defined as two axle
               trucks and heavy trucks as three or more axles.  Future traffic volumes for the No-Build and
               Build conditions, including truck percentages and directional split, were predicted by the
               SHA Travel Forecasting Section.

               Under some conditions, future traffic volumes were predicted which are worse than Level
               of Service (LOS) 'C'. Volumes were analyzed using the 1985 Highway Capacity Manual
               procedures.  Maximum noise levels due to roadway traffic occur when a roadway operates
               at LOS 'C'.  Therefore, for these areas, the roadway volume which produces LOS 'C' was
               defined and utilized in the noise model. For conditions where the roadway operates at a level
               better than LOS 'C', the predicted actual traffic volumes were used in the noise model.

               Predicted Results

               Table IV-16 presents the predicted noise levels for the design year No-Build alternative.
Y
                                                   IV-74

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US 113 Planning Study
                         Table IV-16:  Summary of Noise Levels
Receptor
Number
1-1
1-2
1-3
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
Ambient Noise Level
(clBA)
65
57
59
58
60
58
63
64
67
63
66
65
71
62
58
56
61
63
58
64
64
60
61
58
Design Year 2020 Noise Levels
(dBA)
(No- Build)
53
52
58
58
63
60
64
64
67
61
62
69
67
61
63
58
58
59
57
63
55
61
61
60
          Shaded area indicates a noise level which approaches or exceeds the FHWA Design Noise Level
          of 67 dBA.
                                         IV-75

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US 113 Planning Study
                    Table IV-16:   Summary of Noise Levels, continued
Receptor
Number
4-7
4-8
4-9
4-10
4-11
4-12
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-7
6-8
6-9
6-10
6-11
6-12
6-13
6-14
6-15
6-16
6-17
6-18

QJ™
of 6
Ambient Noise Level ....
• _.-•_. (dBA) \,.::^';^ v\ ? - ':;; .•'.,
60
63
64
58
63
65
63
69
69
64
63
72
60
58
67
60
52
68
54
65
66
65
65
65
65
Design Year 2020 Noise Levels
(dBA)
(No- Build)
63
63
66
56
61
61
61
68
70
63
69
70
53
44
60
56
59
62
54
62
65
70
65
58
50
ded area indicates a noise level which approaches or exceeds the FHWA Design Noise Level
7dBA.
                                         IV-76

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US 113 Planning Study
                      Table IV-16:   Summary of Noise Levels, continued
Receptor
Number
7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
7-6
7-7
7-9
7-10
7-11
7-12
7-13
7-14
7-15
7-16
Ambient Noise Level
(dBA)
73
55
59
60
68
56
53
61
69
70
69
70
72
62
65
Design Year 2020 Noise Levels
(dBA)
(No-Build)
72
54
50
61
68
54
50
62
67
67
64
66
68
60
62
          Shaded area indicates a noise level which approaches or exceeds the FHWA Design Noise Level
          of 67 dBA.
                                          IV-77

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The noise sensitive receptors analyzed for the study area are adjacent to US i  1 13. or lie
          the sections of Alternatives 4N Modified -34' Median on new alignment. US 1 1 3
                              which has not been modified from its ongmal condition
within the study area.





 published as a technical memorandum to this DEIS.

 Thirty of the receptor locations analyzed are in the southern study area. Two of the 30 sites
 have ambient noise levels in excess of 67 dBA, four sites would approach or exceed 67 dBA
 fo ^No-Build condition in the design year (2020) and five sites would be impacted by
 noise levels which approach or exceed 67 dBA for the 3N alternatives.

 Thirtv-four of the receptor locations analyzed are in the northern study area. Eleven of the
 ^^^kat'notae levels which approach or exceed 67 dB * .and 12 sites wou d
 approach or exceed 67 dBA for the No-Build alternative in the DeJ^™V™^™*™
 sites have projected (2020) noise levels which approach or exceed 67 dBA for Alternative
 3N six sites have projected noise levels which approach or exceed the design noise level
 cSe^ for AlternatFve 4N Modified -34' Median, and ten sites would be considered impacted
 by the Combination Alternative.

 Tables IV-17 and IV-18 present a summary of the noise levels under No-Build conditions
 lompL™ to noTse levels under the dualize <^^^™*™9^™^
  a summary of noise levels for the dualize alternatives compared to the baseline ambient noise
  level.
                                     IV-78

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US 113 Planning Study
 Table IV-17:  Summary of Noise Levels No-Build Versus Dualization Alternatives • Southern Study Area
Receptor
1-1
1-2
1-3
2-1 •
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9
4-10
4-11
4-12
Ambient Noise
Level (dBA)
65
56
59
58
60
58
63
64
67
63
66
65
71
62
58
57
61
63
58
64
64
60
61
58
60
63
64
58
63
65
Future Year 2020 Noise Levels (dBA)
No-Build Alt IS
53
52
58
58
63
60
64
64
67
61
62
69
67
61
63
58
58
59
57
63
55
61
61
60
63
63
66
56
61
61
3S-34' Median
52
53
59
59
64
64
64
65
67
65
63
70
67
65
65
60
61
62
60
65
56
64
61
61
67
64
66
58
65
65
Difference (IS vs 3S-34'Median)
-1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+4
0
+1
0
+4
+1
+1
0
44
+2
+2
+2
+3
+3
+2
+1
+3
0
+1
44
4-1
0
4-2
44
44
Shaded area indicates a receptor meets SHA impact criteria.
Bold indicates a receptor approached or exceeds the FHWA design noise level.
                                              IV-79

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-------
US 113 Planning Study
  Table IV-19:   Summary of Noise Levels Ambient Versus Dualization Alternatives - Southern Study Area
   Receptor
       4-12
Ambient Noise
 Level (dBA)
                      65
                                                          j Year 2020 Noise Levels (dBA)
                                   No-Build Alt. IS
                                           61
                                                            Alternative 3S
                                                                  Difference (Ambient vs 3S
                                                                                       :
                                                                   65
  Shaded area indicates a receptor meets SHA impact criteria.
  Bold indicates a receptor approached or exceeds the FHWA design noise level.


                                                  IV-82
1-1
1-2
1-3
2-1
2-2
2-3

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3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
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1 4-1
I 4-2
i 4-3
1 4-4
I 4.5
11 4-6
II 4-7
1 4-8
I 4-9
1 4-10
|] 4.11

65
56
59
58
60
58
63
64
67
63
66
65
71
62
58
57
61
63
58
64
64
60
61
58
60
63
64
58
63

53
52
58
58
63
60
64
64
67
61
62
69
	 	
67
61
63
58
58
59
57
63
55
61
61
60
63
63
66
56
61

52
53
59
59
64
64
64
65
67
65
63
70
67
65
65
60
61
62
60
65
56
64
61
61
67
64
66
58
65

-13
-3
0
+1
+4
+6
+1
+1
0
+2
-3
+5
-4
+3
+7
+3
0
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-------
US 113 Planning Study
       Impact Assessment and Feasibility of Noise Control

       Receptor 2-6 represents three homes on the east side of US 113 near the residence of 6224
       Worcester Highway across from Potters Crossing Road. Projected (2020) noise levels of 67
       dBA for Alternative 3S-34' Median  meet the design noise level criteria, however, the
       receptor does not meet the reasonableness criteria of 3 dBA for the Build versus No-Build
       condition to warrant consideration of noise abatement. In addition, construction of a barrier
       is not feasible because driveway openings are required to provide access to the residences,
       resulting  in  a  potentially  unsafe  condition, as well  as,  a degradation in the barrier
       effectiveness. To achieve a noticeable reduction in noise levels, 5 dBA or more, a noise
       barrier system must be continuous. A break in the barrier system to allow access to the
       property would degrade the barrier's effectiveness (see Table IV-21A).

       Receptor 3-3, representing one home on the east side of US 113 south of Basket Switch
       Road, receives projected (2020) noise levels for Alternative 3S-34' Median of 70 dBA which
       exceeds the design noise level of 67 dBA for the build alternative.  The receptor site does
       not meet  the reasonableness criteria, as the increase in Build  noise level is less than 3 dBA
       over the  No-Build condition to warrant consideration of noise abatement. Additionally,
       mitigation is not feasible because driveway openings are required to provide access to the
       residence. To achieve a noticeable reduction in noise levels, 5 dBA or more, a noise barrier
       system must be continuous. A break in the barrier system to allow access to the property
       would degrade the barrier's effectiveness, thereby eliminating the barrier as  a feasible
       mitigating device (see Table F/-21B).

       Receptor 3-4 represents five homes  on the west side of US 113 south of Basket Switch
       Road. Projected (2020 noise levels are 67 dBA for Alternative 3S-34' Median, however, the
       receptor  does not meet the reasonable criteria of 3 dBA for the Build versus No-Build
       condition to warrant consideration of noise abatement.  In addition, construction of a barrier
       is not feasible because driveway openings are required to provide access to the residences,
       resulting  in  a  potentially  unsafe  condition, as well  as, a degradation in the barrier
       effectiveness. To achieve a noticeable reduction in noise levels, 5 dBA or more, a noise
       barrier system must be continuous. A break in the barrier system to allow access to the
       property  would degrade the barrier's effectiveness (see Table IV-21C).

       Receptor 4-7, representing one home at 7809 Worcester Highway north of Goody Hill Road,
       is predicted (2020) to receive noise levels of 67 dBA for Alternative 3S-34' Median. The
       noise sensitive area does meet the reasonableness criteria for a 3 dBA increase in Build
       versus No-Build, however, construction of a barrier is not feasible because a driveway
       opening  is required to provide access to the residence, resulting in a potentially  unsafe
       condition, as well as, a degradation in the barrier effectiveness. To achieve  a noticeable
       reduction in noise levels, 5 dBA or more, a  noise barrier system must be continuous.  A
       break in the  barrier system to allow  access  to the property would degrade the barrier's
       effectiveness (see Table F/-2ID).
                                          IV-85

-------
US 113 Planning Study
       Receptor 4-9, representing one home at 8029 Worcester Highway north of Bays End Lane,
       has projected (2020) noise levels for Alternative 3S-34' Median of 66 dB A which approaches
       the design noise level of 67 dB A. however, the receptor does not meet the reasonableness
       criteria of 3 dB A for the Build versus No-Build condition to warrant consideration of noise
       abatement. In addition, construction of a barrier is not feasible because the driveway opening
       required to  provide access to the residence results in an unsafe  condition, as well as, a
       degradation in the barrier effectiveness. To achieve a noticeable reduction in noise levels,
       5 dB A or more, a noise barrier system must be  continuous.  A break in the banner system to
       allow access to the property would degrade the barrier's effectiveness (see Table IV-21E).

       Receptors 6-2 and 6-3 represent eight residences on the west side of US 113 south of
       Friendship Road near  10421 and 10485 Worcester Highway. Projected (2020) noise levels
       for Alternative 3N-34' Median are 69 and 71 dBA which is in excess of the noise abatement
       criteria of 67 dBA. However, the receptor does not meet the reasonableness criteria of 3
       dBA for the Build versus No-Build condition  to warrant consideration of noise mitigation.
       In addition, construction of a barrier is not feasible because the driveway openings required
       to provide access to the residences results in a potentially unsafe condition, as well as, a
       degradation in the barrier effectiveness. To achieve a noticeable reduction in noise levels,
       5 dBA or more, a noise barrier system must be continuous. A break in the barrier system to
       allow access to the property would degrade the barrier's effectiveness (see Table FV-21F).

       Receptor 6-4, representing four residences on the east side of US 113 south of Friendship
       Road near  10494 Worcester Highway,  is predicted (2020) to  receive noise levels for
       Alternative 3N-34' Median of 68 dBA which is in excess of the design noise level of 67 dBA.
       The noise sensitive  area does meet the reasonableness criteria for a 3 dBA increase in Build
       versus No-Build, however,  construction of a barrier is not feasible because driveway
        openings are required to provide access to the residences, resulting in a potentially unsafe
        condition as well as, a degradation in the barrier effectiveness.  To achieve a noticeable
        reduction in noise  levels, 5 dBA or more, a  noise barrier system must be continuous. A
        break in the barrier  system to allow access  to the property would degrade the  barrier s
        effectiveness (see Table IV-21G).

        Receptor 6-5 represents one residence on the west side of US 113 approximately 450 feet
        south of Carey Road. Projected (2020)  noise levels for  Alternative 3N-34' Median of 71
        dBA are in excess of the 67 dBA design noise level, however, the receptor does not meet the
        reasonable  criteria  of  3 dBA for the Build versus  No-Build condition  to warrant
        consideration  of noise mitigation.  In addition, construction of a barrier is not feasible
        because a driveway  opening is required to provide access to the residence, resulting in a
        potentially unsafe condition, as well as a degradation in the barrier effectiveness. To achieve
        a significant reduction in noise levels,  5 dBA or more, a noise barrier system must be
        continuous. A break in the barrier system to allow access  to the property would degrade the
        barrier's effectiveness (see Table IV-21H).
                                            IV-86

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US 113 Planning Study
       Receptor 6-6 represents two residences and Vic's Country Store which is eligible for the
       National Register of Historic Places in this vicinity.  Projected noise levels of 71 are in
       excess of the noise abatement criteria of 67 dB A for the Alternative 3N-34' Median build
       condition, however, the receptor does not meet the reasonable criteria of 3 dB A for the Build
       versus No-Build condition to warrant consideration of noise mitigation. Additionally, the
       location of existing driveways as well as the MD 452 and Jones Road intersections prevents
       a feasible method of mitigation at this location (see Table IV-21I).

       Receptor 6-15 represents one residence on the west side of US 113 south of Racetrack Road
       at  11241  Worcester Highway.  Projected  noise levels for Alternative 4N Modified-34'
       Median and the 3N/4N Modified-341 Median Alternative are 67 dB A which  meets the design
       noise  level, however,  the receptor does not meet the reasonable criteria of 3 dB A for the
       Build  versus No-Build condition to warrant consideration of noise mitigation. In addition,
       construction of a barrier is not feasible because a driveway opening is required to provide
       access to the residence (see Table IV-21J).

       Receptor 6-18 represents one residence on the west side of US 113 at 10129 Pitts Road.
       Projected (2020) noise levels for Alternative 3N-34' Median of 66 dBA approaches the
       design noise level of 67 dBA, and the Build condition increases noise levels over the No-
       Build  condition by more than 3 dBA.  However construction of a barrier is not feasible
       because of the intersection of Pitts Road with U.S. 113 and private access driveways would
       result in a potentially unsafe condition, as well as, a degradation in the barrier effectiveness.
       To achieve a noticeable reduction in noise levels, 5 dBA or more, a noise barrier system must
       be continuous. A break in the barrier system to allow access to the property would degrade
       the barrier's effectiveness (see Table IV-21K).

       Receptor 7-4, representing one residence on the west side of US 113 south of Jarvis Road
       at 10045 Worcester Highway, is predicted (2020) to receive noise levels of 66 dBA for
       Alternative 3N-34' Median and 67 dBA for Alternative 4N Modified-34'  Median and the
       3N/4N Modified-341 Median Alternative which meets the design noise level criteria. The
       noise  sensitive area does meet the reasonableness criteria for a 3 dBA increase in Build
       versus No-Build, however, construction of a barrier is not feasible because a driveway
       opening is required to provide access to the residence, resulting in an unsafe condition, as
       well as, a degradation in the barrier effectiveness. To achieve a noticeable reduction in noise
       levels, 5 dBA or more, a noise barrier system must be continuous.  A break in the barrier
       system to allow access to the property would degrade the barrier's effectiveness (see Table
       IV-21L).

       Receptor 7-5, representing one residence on the west side of US 113 north of Jarvis Road
       at 12235 Worcester Highway, is predicted to receive noise levels of 71 dBA for Alternative
       3N-34' Median and the 3N/4N Modified-34' Median Alternative, and 72 dBA for Alternative
       4N Modified-341 Median which is in excess of the design noise level of 67 dBA criteria. The
       noise  sensitive area does meet the reasonableness criteria for a 3 dBA increase in Build
       versus No-Build, however, construction of a barrier  is not feasible because a driveway
                                         IV-87

-------
US 113 Planning Study


       opening is required to provide access to the residence, resulting in an unsafe condition, as
       well as a degradation in the barrier effectiveness.  To achieve a noticeable reduction in noise
       levels, 5 dBA or more, a noise barrier system must be continuous. A break in the barrier
       system to allow access to the property would degrade the barrier's effectiveness (see Table
       IV-21M).

       Receptor 7-10, representing one residence on the east side of US 113 north of Bishopvife
       Road at 12914 Worcester Highway, is predicted to receive noise levels for Alternative 3N-34
       Median and the 3N/4N Modified-34' Median Alternative of 71 dBA which is in excess of the
       design noise level of 67 dBA for the build alternative. The noise sensitive area does meet
       the reasonableness criteria for a 3 dBA increase in  Build versus No-Build, however,
       construction of a barrier is not feasible because  a driveway opening is required to provide
       access to  the residence, resulting in an unsafe condition, as well as, a degradation in the
       barrier effectiveness. To achieve a noticeable reduction in noise levels,  5 dBA or more, a
       noise barrier system must be continuous. A break in the barrier system to allow access to the
       property would degrade the barrier's effectiveness (see Table IV-21N).

       Receptor 7-11 represents four residences on the east side of US 113 north of Whaleyville
       Road near 13102 Worcester Highway. Projected noise levels of 69 dBA are in excess of 67
       dBA criteria for Alternative 3N-34' Median and the 3N/4N Modified-34' Median Alternative,
       however the receptor does not meet the reasonableness criteria of 3 dBA for the Build versus
       No-Build condition to warrant consideration of noise mitigation. Additionally, construction
       of a barrier is not feasible because driveway openings are required to provide access to the
       residences (see Table IV-21O).

        Receptor 7-12, representing two residences on the west side of US 113, 400 feet north of
       Whaleyville Road, is predicted (2020) to receive noise levels for Alternative 3N-341 Median
        and the 3N/4N Modified-341 Median Alternative of 72 dBA which is in excess of the design
        noise level of 67 dBA for the build alternative.  The noise sensitive area does meet  the
        reasonableness criteria for a 3 dBA increase in Build versus No-Build, however a barrier is
        not feasible because of the location of driveways and the intersection of Whaleyville/
        Hammonds Road with U.S. 113 (see Table IV-21P).

        Receptor 7-13, representing one home, has projected (2020) noise levels for Alternative 3N-
        34' Median and the 3N/4N Modified-341  Median Alternative of 70 dBA which is in excess
        of the design  noise level criteria. The noise sensitive  area does meet the reasonableness
        criteria for a 3 dBA increase in Build versus No-Build, however, construction of a barrier is
        not feasible because driveway openings are required to provide access to the  residence,
        resulting in a potentially unsafe  condition,  as  well  as, a  degradation  in the barrier
        effectiveness. To achieve a noticeable reduction  in noise levels, 5 dBA or more, a noise
        barrier system must be continuous. A break in the barrier system to allow access to the
        property would degrade the barrier effectiveness (see Table IV-21Q).
                                            IV-88

-------
US 113 Planning Study
       Receptor 7-14, representing the Elk's Lodge, has projected (2020) noise levels in excess of
       the design noise level of 67 dB A for all alternatives, however, the receptor does not meet the
       reasonable  criteria of 3  dBA for the Build  versus No-Build  condition to warrant
       consideration of noise mitigation. Additionally, mitigation measures are not feasible at this
       location because of the location of the entrance/exit to the lodge (see Table IV-21R).

       Receptor 7-15 representing three residences on the west side of US 113 near 13419 Morris
       Road and Receptor 7-16 representing the Tans Peninsula Line Marker which is eligible for
       the National Register for Historic Places has projected (2020) noise levels in excess of 67
       dBA for all alternatives.  The noise sensitive area does meet the reasonableness criteria for
       a 3  dBA increase  in the Build versus No-Build, however, mitigation measures  are  not
       feasible at this location because of the openings for driveways and the intersection of Hotel
       Road/Morris Road (see Tables IV-21S and IV-2 IT).

       The spacing of residential driveways and intersecting roadways prevents the construction of
       feasible noise mitigation  for impacted receptor sites along any  of the proposed Dualize
       Alternatives. To achieve a significant reduction  in noise levels, 5 dBA or more,  a noise
       barrier system must be continuous.  A break in  the barrier system for intersections and
       property access would degrade the barrier's effectiveness, thereby eliminating the barrier as
       a feasible mitigating device.

       3.      Construction Impacts

       As with any major construction project, areas around the construction zone will experience
       varied periods and degrees of noise which differ significantly from that generated by traffic.
       The noise produced by construction can vary greatly based upon the type of construction, the
       mix of equipment, and the construction procedures being employed. A project such as the
       dualization of U.S. 113  would probably require  the following types of equipment to be
       utilized during construction:

              Bulldozers and Earthmovers
              Graders
              Front End Loaders
              Dump and other Diesel Trucks
              Compressors
              Jackhammers

       The noise generated by these types of equipment will tend to  increase the ambient noise
       levels in the vicinity of the work areas. However, a number of measure can be considered
       in order to minimize noise emanating from these activities. Such measures include but may
       not be limited to:
                                          IV-89
                                                                                                $

-------
         US 113 Planning Study
                      Conduct all construction activities during normal working hours on weekdays, when
                           ; intrusion would probably not occur during sleep or outdoor recreation periods.
noise i
                       Any internal combustion engine used for any purpose on or related to the job should
                       be equipped with a proper operating muffler.

                       Maintenance of construction equipment should be regular and thorough to minimize
                       noise emission because of inefficiently tuned engines, poorly lubricated moving
                       parts, etc.

                       When appropriate, locate continuously operated diesel-powered equipment, such as
                       compressors or generators, in areas significantly distant or shielded from noise
                       sensitive area.
13.0
                                                     IV-90

-------
US 113 Planning Study
                                 Table IV-21A:

               Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                              of Noise Abatement

                           NOISE RECEPTOR 2-6
Feasibility Criteria
1.
2.
3.
4
5.
6.
Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(0 resource.
There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.
Reasonableness Criteria
1.
•2.
3.
3a.
4.
5.
6.
The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
improvements on the design year noise levels at receptors that existed when prior
improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.
Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.
Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
benefited.
There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
Yes
_
X
X
X


Yes
_
-



-

No
_



X
X

_
.
X
X
X
-
x
                                   IV-91

-------
                                  Table IV-21B:

           Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                               of Noise Abatement


                           NOISE RECEPTOR 3-3

                        _.
                         Feasibility Criteria
	                 =s=======:=
 Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.

 Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.	

 Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.

 Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.

 Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(f) resource.	

 There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.
                      _.                             '
                       Reasonableness Criteria

 The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.

 75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.

  A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
  ฃvels is exacted to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of h.ghway
  improvements on the design year noise levels  at receptors that ex.sted when pnor
  improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.
Yes
No
 X
 Yes
  Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.	

  Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.

  The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
  benefited.	_	.	.	
  There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
         X
          X
                                          IV-92

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US 113 Planning Study
                                 Table IV-21C:

               Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                               of Noise Abatement

                           NOISE RECEPTOR 3-4
Feasibility Criteria
1.
2.
3.
4
5.
6.
Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(0 resource.
There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.
Reasonableness Criteria
i.
2.
3.
3a.
4.
5.
6.
The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
improvements on the design year noise levels at receptors that existed when prior
improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.
Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.
Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
benefited.
There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
Yes
-
X
X
X


Yes
-
-



-

No
_



X
X
No
_
-
X
X
X
-
X
                                    IV-93

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US 113 Planning Study
  2.

  3.
                                          Table IV-21D:

                   Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                                        of Noise Abatement

                                   NOISE RECEPTOR 4-7
                                 Feasibility Criteria
         Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
          Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access
  3.       Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem^

  4

  5.

  6.
Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.

Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(0 resource.
                                                                                X
75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
improvements on the design  year noise levels at receptors  that existed when prior
improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.	

Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.	

Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
          The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
          benefited.
                                                                                          X
X
There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.
                               Reasonableness Criteria
          The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
                                                                                                  x_
                                                                                                  X
           There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
                                                 IV-94

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175 113 Planning Study
                                 Table IV-21E:

               Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                               of Noise Abatement
                            NOISE RECEPTOR 4-9
Feasibility Criteria
1.
2.
3.
4
5.
6.
Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(f) resource.
There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.
Reasonableness Criteria
1.
2.
3.
3a.
4.
5.
6.
The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
improvements on the design year noise levels at receptors that existed when prior
improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.
Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.
Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
benefited.
There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
Yes
-
X
X
X


Yes
-
-



-

No
-



X
X
No
-
-
X
X
X
-
X
                                    IV-95

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US 113 Planning Study
                                           Table IV-21F:

                    Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                                        of Noise Abatement

                                 NOISE RECEPTOR 6-2 / 6-3
                                  Feasibility Criteria
                                 ^—	ii    ^—^c^   i ••—^^^^—ป^

          Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.

          Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
           	•   --              '        "
          Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
          Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
          There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.

                                Reasonableness Criteria

          The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
X

X
                                                                                                  X
           75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.

           A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
           bveis is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulat.ve effect of highly
           improvements  on the design year noise  levels at receptors that ex.sted when pnor
           improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.
           Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.	

           Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.

           The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
           benefited.		.	.	
           There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
                                                   IV-96

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US 113 Planning Study
                                 Table IV-21G:

               Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                               of Noise Abatement
                           NOISE RECEPTOR 6-4
Feasibility Criteria
l.
2.
3.
4
5.
6.
Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(0 resource.
There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.
Reasonableness Criteria
1.
2.
3.
3a.
4.
5.
6.
The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
improvements on the design year noise levels at receptors that existed when prior
improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.
Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.
Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
benefited.
There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
Yes
-
X
X
X


Yes
-
-
X


-

No
-



X
X
No
-
-

X
X
-
X
                                    IV-97

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US 113 Planning Study
  1.
                                        Table IV-21H:

                 Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                                      of Noise Abatement

                                 NOISE RECEPTOR 6-5


                               Feasibility Criteria
                              :^=^=====^=^^==
       Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
  2.       Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.	

  3.       Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.

  4       Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.

  5.

  6.
       Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(0 resource.
       There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.

                             Reasonableness Criteria
                             =======
1,      The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
                                                                                        X
                                                                                        X
                                                                                          Yes
          75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.

  I 3      A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
          levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
          improvements on the design year  noise levels at receptors that existed  when prior
          improvements were made  is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.	       _

          Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors	
           Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
           The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
           benefited.	.—_	
           There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
                                                                                               X
                                                                                                X
                                                                                                X
                                                                                                X
                                                  IV-98

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US 113 Planning Study
                                 Table IV-21I:

               Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                               of Noise Abatement

                           NOISE RECEPTOR 6-6
Feasibility Criteria
l.
2.
3.
4
5.
6.
Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(f) resource.
There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.
Reasonableness Criteria
1.
2.
3.
3a.
4.
5.
6.
The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
75% or more .of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
improvements on the design year noise levels at receptors that existed when prior
improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.
Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.
Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
benefited.
There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
Yes
-
X
X
X


Yes
-
-



-

No
-



X
X
No
-
-
X
X
X
-
X
                                     IV-99

-------
                                 Table IV-21J:

           Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                               of Noise Abatement

                          NOISE RECEPTOR 6-15
                        Feasibility Criteria

 Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
                                     	—^^^-^—
_	•	•	•	
 Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
                       	        	            "
 Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
		.	•	-—	•	~
 Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
__	—	
 Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(f) resource.

 There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.

                      Reasonableness Criteria

 The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.

 75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
Yes
                           i		-
  A i HR A nr neater change in design year btild noise levels over design year no-build noise



  improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.
  Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.

  Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.

  The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
  benefited.		.	
  There is special circumstances, i.e. historicaycultural significance at this receptor.
         X
                                         IV-JOO

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US 113 Planning Study
                                 Table IV-21K:

               Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                               of Noise Abatement
                          NOISE RECEPTOR 6-18
Feasibility Criteria
1.
2.
3.
4
5.
6.
Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(0 resource.
There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.
Reasonableness Criteria
1.
2.
3.
3a.
4.
5.
6.
The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
improvements on the design year noise levels at receptors that existed when prior
improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.
Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.
Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
benefited.
There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
Yes
-
X
X
X


Yes
-
-
X


-

No
-



X
X
No
-
-

X
X
-
X
                                    IV-101

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US 113 Planning Study
  2.
   6.
                                           Table IV-21L:

                    Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                                        of Noise Abatement

                                   NOISE RECEPTOR 7-4
                                                       •
                                 Feasibility Criteria
                                =======ฃ:^====
          Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
          Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
          Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
          Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
          Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(0 resource.
          There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.

                               Reasonableness Criteria
                                            	
   I.      The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
   3       A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-bu.ld no.se
          levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
          improvements on the design  year noise levels at receptors  that existed when prior
          improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.	
   3a.      Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.
           Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
           The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
           benefited.	
 There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
                                                                               Yes
                                                                                X
                                                                               Yes
                                                                                 X
                                                                                                  X
                                                                                        X
                                                                                                  X
                                                 IV-102

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US 113 Planning Study
                                 Table IV-21M:

               Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                               of Noise Abatement
                           NOISE RECEPTOR 7-5
Feasibility Criteria
1.
2.
3.
4
5.
6.
Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(f) resource.
There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.
Reasonableness Criteria
1.
2.
3.
3a.
4.
5.
6.
The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
improvements on the design year noise levels at receptors that existed when prior
improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.
Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.
Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
benefited.
There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
Yes
-
X
X
X


Yes
-
-
X


-

No
-



X
X
No
-
-

X
X
-
X
                                    IV-103

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US 113 Planning Study
  5.

  2.
   4.
   6.
                                          Table IV-21N:

                    Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                                        of Noise Abatement

                                   NOISE RECEPTOR 7-10


                                 Feasibility Criteria
                                               :      ~~
         Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
          Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.

          Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
          Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
          Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(0 resource.
          There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.
                              —         j__       ' —~~——==
                               Reasonableness Criteria

  1.      The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
                                                                                X

                                                                                X
                                                                                X
                                                                               Yes
75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
  3       A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build no.se
          levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
          improvements on the design  year noise levels at receptors  that existed when prior
          improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.	
   3a.     Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.
Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
   5.      The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
          benefited.	„	
There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
                                                                                 X
                                                                                                  X
                                                                                                  X
                                                 IV-104

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US 113 Planning Study
                                Table IV-21O:

               Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                              of Noise Abatement
                          NOISE RECEPTOR 7-11
Feasibility Criteria
l.
2.
3.
4
5.
6.
Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(f) resource.
There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.
Reasonableness Criteria
1.
2.
3.
3a.
4.
5.
6.
The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
improvements on the design year noise levels at receptors that existed when prior
improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.
Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.
Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
benefited.
There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
Yes
-
X
X
X


Yes
-
-



-

No
-



X
X
No
-
-
X
X
X
-
X
                                   IV-105

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US 113 Planning Study
                                 Table IV-21P:

               Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                               of Noise Abatement

                           NOISE RECEPTOR 7-12
. ~
Feasibility Criteria
— ^^ =====s=======================:=:=^==!:
I Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
2.
3.
4
5.
6.
-
— — '"•
1.
2.
3.
3a.
4.
5.
6.
Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(f) resource.
There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.
'
Reasonableness Criteria 	 	 	
	 	 — 	 	 ^=^^^=====
The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
levels is expected to result from the proposed action, OE the cumulative effect of highway
improvements on the design year noise levels at receptor's that existed when prior
improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.
Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.
Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
benefited. 	 	 	
There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
Yes
==
X
X
X

-
Yes
=
-
X
X

-
• — "
No
-



X
X
==
No
•
-


X
-
^XJ
                                      IV-106

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US 113 Planning Study
                                Table IV-21Q:



               Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness

                              of Noise Abatement
                                        i


                          NOISE RECEPTOR 7-13
Feasibility Criteria
1.
2.
3.
4
5.
6.
Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(f) resource.
There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.
Reasonableness Criteria
i.
2.
3.
3a.
4.
5.
6.
The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
improvements on the design year noise levels at receptors that existed when prior
improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.
Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.
Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
benefited.
There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
Yes
_
X
X
X


Yes
_
-
X


-

No
_



X
X
No
-
-

X
X
-
X
                                   IV-107

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US 113 Planning Study
  1.

  2.

  3.

  4

  5.

  6.
                                          Table IV-21R:

                   Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                                        of Noise Abatement

                                  NOISE RECEPTOR 7-14
                          Feasibility Criteria

  Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
" Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
X
  Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
  Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
X
  Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(f) resource.
                                                                                         X
  There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.

                       Reasonableness Criteria
  =r====================^^
  The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
                                                                                         Yes
       X

       No
          75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
          A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
          levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
          improvements on the design year  noise levels at receptors that existed  when prior
          improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.	
  3a.

  4.

  5.
   Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.
   Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
        X
   The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
   benefited.	
          There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
                                                                                          X
                                                IV-108

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US 113 Planning Study
                                 Table IV-21S:

               Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                               of Noise Abatement

                           NOISE RECEPTOR 7-15
Feasibility Criteria
l.
2.
3.
4
5.
6.
Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(0 resource.
There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.
Reasonableness Criteria
1.
2.
3.
3a.
4.
5.
>.
The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build noise
levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
improvements on the design year noise levels at receptors that existed when prior
improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.
Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.
Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
benefited.
There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
Yes
_
X
X
X



_
-
X
X

-


_



X
X

_
_


X
-


-------
US 113 Planning Study
  2.
   3a.

   4.
   5.


   6.
                                          Table IV-21T:

                    Criteria for Determining Feasibility and Reasonableness
                                        of Noise Abatement

                                   NOISE RECEPTOR 7-16

                                  ========
                                 Feasibility Criteria

          Noise Levels can be reduced by 7 dBA or more at impacted receptors.
          Placement of barrier will restrict pedestrian or vehicular access.
          Construction of a barrier will cause a safety or maintenance problem.
          Noise Barrier can be constructed given topography, drainage, utilities, etc.
          Noise Barrier will adversely impact on Section 4(0 resource.
  6.      There are non-highway noise sources that would reduce barrier effectiveness.

                               Reasonableness Criteria

   1.      The majority of impacted residences will receive at least a 7 dBA noise reduction.
                                                                                      Yes
        75% or more of impacted and benefited residents approve of proposed noise abatement.
3       A 3 dBA or greater change in design year build noise levels over design year no-build no.se
        levels is expected to result from the proposed action, or the cumulative effect of highway
        improvements on the design year  noise levels at receptors that existed when pr.or
        improvements were made is equal to or greater than 3 dBA.	

        Noise Levels equal or exceed 72 dBA at impacted receptors.	
        Noise Barriers will have significant negative visual impact at impacted receptors.
        The cost of the noise abatement is equal to or less than $50,000 per residence, impacted and
        benefited.
        There is special circumstances, i.e. historical/cultural significance at this receptor.
                                                                                          X
                                                                                       Yes
                                                                                          X
                                                                                                 X
No
                                                                                                  X
 X
                                                 IV-110

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US 113 Planning Study
M.    Visual Quality

The No-Build and TSM alternatives would not directly alter any visual resources.  The quality of
travelers' and residents' views would be worsened to the extent that traffic congestion will increase.

Dualization along the existing alignment (the Alternatives 3S and 3N) would more than double the
pavement width, increasing the scale of the roadway.  Viewsheds along the alignment would include
the expanded roadway.  Alignments which involve the taking of strips of vegetated areas do not
eliminate the full depth of vegetation and therefore will not impact the visual character of these
areas. Alternatives 3N would be within the viewsheds of five historic properties.  Visual impact on
historic properties is presented in Section IV-C of this DEIS.

Dualization on new alignment (Alternatives 4N Modified) would involve the construction of a new
four-lane divided roadway away from the existing facility. The roadway would be constructed on
new location to minimize impacts to residential and commercial properties. The new alignment is
primarily through vegetated  areas creating a viewshed similar to much of the existing alignment.
Alternatives  4N  Modified  would  be  within  the  viewshed of one  historic  property;  the
Transpeninsular Line Marker located near the Delaware state line.  This property is located along
the existing roadway. The proposed alignments would maintain  the existing distance  from the
historic property.  Visual impact to this property may be minimized through landscaping designs at
this location to be determined during later phases of this project.

Alternatives 3N/4N Modified combine sections of the 3N and  4N Modified alternatives to avoid
impacts to areas of environmental concern. These alternatives follow the Alternative 4N alignment
from the southern limit of  the northern study area,  north to  Jarvis Road where it follows the
Alternative 3N alignment north to the Maryland/Delaware state line. The impact of these alternatives
on visual quality is as described for the sections of Alternatives 3N and 4N Modified that it utilizes.
                                         IV-111

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US 113 Planning Study
N.     Municipal, Industrial and Residual Waste Sites

As  noted in Chapter ffl, Section M, a preliminary field reconnaissance revealed 23 potentially
contaminated sites in the vicinity of either the southern and northern study areas.   Three of these
sites have a high potential for liability and if impacted warrant formal Phase I study and will
probably require Phase H investigation. Sixteen sites possess a moderate potential for liability and
if impacted will need formal Phase I study.   These sites will probably not require a Phase H
investigation.   Four additional sites have a low liability  potential and should not require any
additional investigation after the formal Phase I studies (see Table m-19). A definition of high,
moderate, and low potential for liability is provided in Chapter m, Section M of this DEIS.

Neither the No-Build, the TSM nor Alternative 2S-20' Median would impact any of the potential
waste sites identified.

None of the nine potential sites in the vicinity of the Alternatives 3S alignments will be impacted
by that alternative. Of the fourteen sites in the vicinity of the Alternatives 3N alignments, eight may
be impacted by the proposed alignment. Two of these sites have low potential for liability, five have
a moderate potential for liability, and one site has a high potential for liability. The alignment of
Alternatives 4N Modified may involve four sites. Of these sites, one has a low potential for liability,
two sites have a moderate potential for liability and  one site has a high potential for liability. The
Alternatives 3N/4N Modified may impact five sites.  Two of these sites have a low potential for
liability, two sites have a moderate potential for liability and one site has a high potential for liability.
Table IH-19 lists the identified potential waste sites along with the potential for liability.  The
locations of these sites are shown on Figures DI-14A through 14D. Table IV-22, identifies the sites
potentially affected by each of the dualize alternatives.

It is recommended that subsurface soil and groundwater samples be collected and analyzed as a part
of a Phase H-Preliminary Site Investigation (PSI) prior to acquisition of property involving any of
these sites. The purpose of the  PSI will be to chemically characterize the sites in question and
determine if hazardous materials will be encountered during construction of the roadway.  As part
of  final design, the area of contact with each of these sites will be thoroughly investigated and
necessary site specific measure to minimize impacts will be identified. This will most likely involve
the removal and disposal of the waste at an authorized and permitted disposal facility.
                                           IV-112

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US 113 Planning Study
            Table IV-22:  Potential Waste Sites Affected by Each Build Alternative
Alternative
3N-201 Median (50 MPH)
3N 34' Median (50 MPH)
3N-20' Median (60 MPH)
3N-34' Median (60 MPH)
4N Modified-201 Median
4N Modified-34' Median
3N/4N Modified-201 Median
3N/4N Modified-34' Median
3N-201 Median (50 MPH)
3N 341 Median (50 MPH)
3N-20' Median (60 MPH)
3N-34' Median (60 MPH)
3N/4N Modified-20' Median
3N/4N Modified-34' Median
3N-20' Median (50 MPH)
3N 34' Median (50 MPH)
3N-20' Median (60 MPH)
3N-34' Median (60 MPH)
4N Modified-20' Median
4N Modified-34' Median
3N/4N Modified-20' Median
3N/4N Modified-34' Median
4N Modified-201 Median
4N Modified-34' Median
3N-20' Median (50 MPH)
3N 34' Median (50 MPH)
3N-20' Median (60 MPH)
3N-341 Median (60 MPH)
3N 34' Median (50 MPH)
4N Modified-20' Median
4N Modified-34' Median
3N/4N Modified-201 Median
3N/4N Modified-34' Median
3N-20' Median (50 MPH)
3N 34' Median (50 MPH)
3N-20' Median (60 MPH)
3N 34' Median (60 MPH)
3N-20' Median (50 MPH)
3N 34' Median (50 MPH)
3N-201 Median (60 MPH)
3N 34' Median (60 MPH)
Site ID
1
2
4
5
8
9
12
13
Potential Site
Ocean Designs Fiberglass and Boat Works
Cross Roads Carry Out
12829 Worcester Highway
Sharpgas Propane Tank Enclosure
Perdue Farms Hatchery #7
Hammonds Store
Vic's Country Store
Sandbar Marine
Potential Liability
Moderate
Low
Low
Low
High
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
                                         IV-113

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US 113 Planning Study
O.     Energy

A comparison of the energy usage requirements for the operation, maintenance and construction of
the alternatives was completed for the DEIS. This comparison found that the long term energy
requirements of the No-Build, TSM, and 2S-20' Median alternatives will be similar. Although the
energy requirements for construction are not applicable for the No-Build Alternative, this savings
will be off-set by the increased energy consumption due to projected traffic congestion in the design
year. The TSM Alternative and the 2S-20' Median alternative will require a relatively low amount
of energy for construction but some long term savings will be realized through  the reduction of
traffic congestion.

It has been determined that each of the dualize alternatives will have similar energy requirements.
Each dualize alternative will require the expenditure of energy for the manufacture of construction
materials, the transportation of the materials to the site, and the construction  of the roadway.
Maintenance energy requirements for the dualize alternatives will be similar to  those of the No-
Build, TSM alternatives, and Alternative 2S-20' Median.  Operational  energy expenditures for the
dualize alternatives will be lower than those for the other alternatives because the traffic congestion
will be reduced and safety will be greatly improved reducing the need  for emergency services.

The No-Build Alternative will require the least amount of expended energy over the design life of
this project.  The TSM Alternative will require slightly more energy than the No-Build for the
construction of the additional intersection improvements.  The Dualize Alternatives will require the
greatest amount of energy, with Alternatives 4N Modified needing more energy than Alternative 2S-
20' Median or Alternatives 3N because less of the existing road will be retained.  The 3N/4N
Modified-34'  Median alternatives will  have  energy requirements  intermediate to  those of
Alternatives 3N and 4N Modified.

P.     Construction Impacts

Construction activities for any of the proposed dualize alternatives and the 2S-20' Median alternative
will have temporary impacts to resources, residences, and travelers within the immediate vicinity of
the project.  These impacts will include traffic detours, potential air and fugitive dust emissions,
increased noise levels, natural resources, and visual quality.

        1.     Traffic Detours

        Detours and road closures during construction will create temporary inconveniences for
        residents, business owners and travelers. Maintenance and protection of traffic plans will
        be developed  during  final design  to mitigate access impacts and to  minimize delays
        throughout the project. These plans will include appropriate signs, pavement markings, and
        media announcements. Access to all businesses and residences will be maintained through
        construction scheduling.
                                          IV-114

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US 113 Planning Study
       2.
Air Emissions
       The operation of heavy equipment would have minor, temporary impacts on air quality
       during construction of the alternatives. The primary source of impact would be windblown
       soil and dust in active construction zones, and secondarily from increased levels of exhaust
       pollutants.

       Measures will be taken to reduce fugitive dust and other emissions generated during
       construction by  wetting disturbed soils, staging  soil-disturbing activities, and prompt
       revegetation of disturbed areas.  Emissions from construction equipment will be controlled
       by the contractors in accordance with state and federal regulations.

       3.      Construction Noise Impacts

       Temporary  noise impacts will occur in the study area during the construction of any of the
       build alternatives. Sources of this noise would include earth moving equipment, vibratory
       rollers, pavers, trucks, jackhammers, and compressors.  In most  cases, the'effects of
       increased noise levels associated with construction equipment are limited to within 300 feet
       of the source. These effects would typically be limited to weekday, daylight hours in
       accordance  with local ordinances.

       Several mitigation procedures can be followed to assist in minimizing the temporary impacts
       of construction noise.  Adjustments to  the equipment, the provision of temporary noise
       barriers, varying the construction  activity areas to redistribute  noise events, good
       communication with the public, and monetary incentives to the contractor could be
       considered  to lessen the temporary noise impacts.  These mitigation measures will be
       examined  during final design  to  minimize  public impacts and annoyances during
       construction.

       Construction noise impacts are  discussed fully in Section IV-L.

       4.     Natural Resources

       Temporary construction-related impacts to soils, surface waters, and wetlands are anticipated
       to occur as the result of this project. Temporary and permanent impacts to these resources
       have been addressed in throughout Chapter IV.

       Temporary  impacts to  soils include increased erosion potential from  areas  cleared of
       vegetation for construction activities.  Standard sediment and erosion control measures will
       be implemented in accordance with state and local regulations to minimize adverse impacts.
                                         IV-115

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US 113 Planning Study
       Temporary construction-related impacts to wetlands include increased sedimentation, in-
       stream and in-wetland work for the construction of abutments and other structures, and
       temporary construction crossings.  The use of surface mats, clean rock fills, and other
       measures to be determined at final design, will be used to minimize temporary impacts to
       wetlands.  Original grades will be restored as needed in temporary wetland impact areas and
       native vegetation will be re-established.

       Temporary impacts to surface water resources are also anticipated from construction-related
       activities. Temporary impacts would result from temporary stream crossings, dikes and coffer
       dams, temporary channel relocations,  and suspended solids from increased erosion and
       sedimentation. Runoff from disturbed  areas may contain high sediment loads, which can
       reduce both the diversity and numbers of organisms .in the aquatic environment. Physical
       impacts such as temporary stream crossings and coffer dams, disrupt the stream substrate and
       could  affect  fish  migrations   through  these  areas.  This  will  eliminate benthic
       macroinvertebrate populations in this portion of the stream during the construction period,
       and for a short period after construction until migration and drift allow for the re-colonization
       of the area.  Changes to the channel widths resulting from coffer dam construction may
       generate excessive scouring of the substrate and generate sediment impacts immediately
       downstream of the construction area.

       5.     Visual Quality

       Construction activity and some of the materials stored for the project may be displeasing to
       residents in the immediate vicinity of the project. This visual impact will be temporary and
       should pose no substantial problem in the long-term.

Q.    Relationship Between Local  Short-Term  Uses  of  Man's Environment  and the
       Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-Term Productivity

The long-term benefits of the dualize alternatives  would  occur at the expense of short-term
construction impacts in the  immediate vicinity of project area.  These short-term effects would
include localized noise and air pollution, and minor traffic delays. With proper controls, they would
not have a lasting effect on the environment.

The local short-term impacts by the construction of the  dualize alternatives are consistent with the
maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity for the local area, state, and region. The
Comprehensive Development Plan for Worcester County identifies US 113 as a key element of the
county's regional arterial highway system. The Plan calls for US 113 to be upgraded to four lanes
throughout its length. This project has been included in the Highway Needs Inventory (HNI) since
the early 1960's and is consistent, therefore, with the Comprehensive Plan that encompasses  the
study area. The transportation improvements addressed in this document have been considered and
proposed in accordance with the Comprehensive Plan.
                                          IV-116

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  US 113 Planning Study
  R.     Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources Which Would be Involved
,        in the Proposed Action

- The construction of any of the dualize alternatives and the 2S-20' Median alternatives involve the
  irreversible and irretrievable commitment of various natural, human, and fiscal resources.  The
' dualize alternatives and Alternative 2S-20' Median would require the commitment of land to new
  highway construction, which is considered an irreversible commitment during the time period that
* the land is used for a highway facility. If a greater need for the land be proven, or the highway
  proven to be no longer necessary, it is possible to re-convert the property to another use.  It is not
- anticipated, however, that either of these two situations will occur.
ซ
  Fossil  fuels, labor, and construction  materials will be used in considerable  quantities  for the
  Alternatives. In addition, labor and natural resources are also used in the quarrying, manufacturing,
  mixing, and transporting of construction materials. The materials used in the highway construction
  process are irretrievable, however, they are not in short supply and their use should not have an
  adverse effect on continued availability of these resources.

  Selection  of a dualize  alternative or Alternative 2S-20' Median would require an irretrievable
  commitment of state and federal funds for right-of-way acquisition, materials, and construction.
  Funds for annual maintenance would also be required. The loss of tax revenues from private land
  taken for highway use would be an irretrievable revenue loss for Worcester County.

  The commitment  of these resources is established on  the premise that the local and regional
  residents,  commuters,  and  business  communities  will  benefit from the proposed  highway
  improvements. Benefits which are anticipated to outweigh the loss of these resources would include
  increased safety, accident reduction, improvements to traffic flow, and reduction in travel time.
                                          IV-117

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                                                          V.
                     SECTION 4(f) EVALUATION
US 113 Planning Study
Snow Hill, Maryland to Delaware State Line
      Office of Planning and Preliminary Engineering
      Maryland State Highway Administration

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 US 113 Planning Study
 V.     SECTION 4(F) EVALUATION

 A.     Introduction

 Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act of 1966 (49 U.S.C. 303(c)) permits the use of
 land from a publicly owned public park or recreation area, wildlife or waterfowl refuge, or land from
 any significant historic site (as determined by the officials having jurisdiction over the park,
 recreation area, refuge or historic site) only if there is no feasible and prudent alternative to the use
 of land from the property and that the action includes all possible planning to minimize harm to the
 property resulting from such use. This chapter contains the documentation to comply with Section
 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act of 1966.

 B.     Project Description

 The project study area for US  113 (Worcester Highway) encompasses the remaining 23.8 miles of
 two-lane US 113 in Maryland, extending from south of Snow Hill, Maryland north to the Delaware
 state line. The 4.4 miles of presently dualized US 113 highway around Berlin, Maryland  are not
 included in this study. The proposed action would improve the remaining two-lane sections of US
 113, thereby improving safety conditions and traffic operations along this critical transportation link
 on the  Delmarva peninsula. The project area as shown in Figures S-l and S-2A through 2D, consists
 of two areas.  The southern study area extends along US 113 from south of Snow Hill, Maryland
 to south of Berlin, Maryland (approximately 16.3 miles). The northern study area extends from
 north of Berlin to the Delaware state line (approximately 7.5 miles).

 The purpose of this study is to improve vehicular safety conditions and traffic operations along the
 two-lane portions of US 113  from south of Snow Hill to the Delaware state line. Need for this
 project is demonstrated by the fatal accident rate in the northern study area, which is significantly
 higher than the statewide average for similar two-lane rural highways in Maryland. Figures I-1A
 through ID identify the locations and provides a description of the 40 fatal accidents for the period
 January 1980 through April 1997. A total of 46 people have died as a result of vehicular accidents
 along the two-lane portions of US 113 during this period. In addition, the Level of Service (LOS)
 for the northern study area is predicted to decline from its current LOS D rating during the summer
months, to a projected LOS F by the design year 2020.

The Purpose and Need for improvements along the two-lane portions of US 113 are fully described
in Chapter I of this document. Existing roadway conditions along US 113, traffic operations and
levels of service, accident statistics, and details on fatal accidents along US  113 are also presented
in Chapter I.
                                          V-l

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US 113 Planning Study
C.     Alternatives Considered

Following a Public Alternates Meeting held in November 1995 and based on citizen  and
environmental agency comments, the following alternatives were retained for detailed study (see
Chapter H and Appendix A of this DEIS for details and maps on these alternatives).

Table S-l presents a summary of the environmental impacts for each alternative.

+     No-Build Alternatives  (Alternatives IS and IN) - Baseline

The No-Build Alternatives would not provide major improvements to the existing US 113 roadways.
Minor improvements would occur as part  of normal maintenance and safety operations. These
improvements, however, do not provide features that would prevent further opposite direction
collisions where the probable cause is identified as  the failure to drive in the designated lane or
failure to keep right of the centerline. Specific improvements recently implemented or programmed
for implementation are listed in Tables II-1A  through  ID, locations of these improvements are
shown on Figures H-2A through H-2D. Typical sections are shown on Figure H-3. The routine
maintenance operations would not measurably affect  roadway capacity or reduce the accident rate.
Spot improvements by SHA would continue as funding becomes available. Although the No-Build
Alternatives will not meet the project need, they are being used as a basis for comparison for the
analysis of the other alternatives.

+     Transportation Systems Management Alternatives
       (Alternatives 2S and 2N)

The Transportation Systems Management (TSM) Alternatives would provide improvements along
the existing roadway to enhance safety and reduce traffic congestion without major alteration to the
existing two-lane highway. The proposed TSM improvements include intersection improvements,
full length pavement overlays and additional measures to improve the safety of the existing two-lane
roadway. While these improvements are not presently programmed for implementation, they would
be part of an integrated plan of phased safety and capacity improvements. The TSM Alternatives
include the continued short-term spot improvements such as signing and marking, street lighting,
warning Hashers, and addresses longer-term improvements with additional turning, acceleration/
deceleration, and bypass lanes;  skid resistant pavement overlays; rumble slots along the center line
and along the outside edges of pavement;  and, the limiting of passing through some areas.  The
improvements would be prioritized  by SHA  during the  final design phase.  Specific TSM
improvements are listed in Table H-l, locations of these improvements are shown on Figures H-2A
 through E-2D. Typical  sections are shown on Figure II-3.

 *•    Alternative 2S - 20' Median
       (see Appendix A, Figures 1 through 8)

 Alternative 2S-20' Median typically follows along the centerline of the existing US 113 alignment,
 provides a 20' median with a traffic barrier, but retains the one-lane per direction configuration.  This
 alternative also provides four passing lanes, 10-foot shoulders, and intersection improvements. This

       _                                  —   -

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 US 113 Planning Study
 alternative does not address all of the safety issues along US 113, would introduce some new safety
 concerns, and does not fully address capacity/operational problems. It would, however, provide low-
 cost options to improve safety at intersection along US 113 and improve safety along the roadway.
 Typical sections for Alternative  2S-20' Median are shown on Figure n-4. Detailed plans for the
 Alternative 2S-20'-Median, at a scale of 1" = 400', are presented in Appendix A, Figures 1 though


 •     Dualization Alternatives

 The dualization alternatives under consideration for US 113 propose a four-lane divided roadway
 with a median.  Access would be partially controlled where possible and  median and roadside
 landscaping would be provided. The dualization alternatives in the southern study area have been
 developed for  a design speed of 60 MPH with both 20-foot wide and 34-foot wide medians
 evaluated. The dualization alternatives in the northern study area have been developed for design
 speeds of both 50 MPH and 60 MPH along the existing US  113 alignment, and 60 MPH along the
 new  location alignment.  Median  widths of 20-feet and 34-feet have been evaluated for all
 dualization alternatives in the northern study area.  In addition, these dualization alternatives in the
 northern study area have been developed in segments with common end points so that they can be
 used in various combinations.

 The dualization alternatives retained for detailed study are graphically presented on Figures II-5A
 through II-5D.  Typical sections for the dualization alignment with a 20-foot median with traffic
 barrier (Alternatives 3S-20' Median and 3N-201 Median) are shown on Figure H-6; the typical
 sections for the dualization alignment with a 34-foot median (Alternatives 3S-34' Median and 3N-341
 Median) are shown on Figure H-7; the typical sections for the new location alignments (Alternatives
 4N-201 Median and 4N-34' Median) are presented on Figure H-8. Detailed plans of the dualization
 alternatives, at a scale of 1" = 400', are presented in Appendix A, Figures 8 though 17.

 +     Dualization Alternatives Along the Existing Alignment in the Southern Study Area
       Alternative 3S-20' Median and 3S-34' Median (see Appendix A, Figures 8 through 14)

 Alternatives 3S-20' Median and 3S-341 Median would involve the construction of a new two-lane
 roadway adjacent to the existing facility and the retention of the existing roadway as the northbound
 or southbound roadway to the extent possible. These alternatives  would use existing right-of-way
 where possible. The typical roadway section would consist of two 12-foot travel lanes in each
direction, a median, 10-foot outside shoulders, and 20-feet of safety grading on both sides of the
roadway where appropriate. This alternative is being designed for a 60 MPH design speed with two
alternative median widths and treatments.  The proposed typical sections for Alternative 3S  are
shown on Figure H-6 for 3S-20' Median  and Figure H-7 for 3S-34' Median.
                                          V-3

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US 113 Planning Study
4-     Dualization Alternatives Along the Existing Alignment in the Northern Study Area
       Alternative 3N-20' Median (50 MPH), Alternative 3N-34' Median (50 MPH)
       Alternative 3N-201 Median (60 MPH), Alternative 3N-34' Median (60 MPH)
       (see Appendix A, Figures 15 through 17)

The typical roadway section would consist of two 12-foot travel lanes in each direction, a median,
10-foot outside shoulders, and safety grading on both sides of the roadway where appropriate. This
alternative is being evaluated for both a 50 MPH and a 60 MPH design speed with two alternative
median widths and safety grading treatments. The proposed typical sections for Alternative 3N are
shown on Figure H-6 for 3N-201 Median and on Figure H-7 for 3N-341 Median.

+     Dualization Alternatives  on New Alignment in the Northern Study Area
       Alternative 4N-20' Median, Alternative 4N-34' Median
       (see Appendix A, Figures  15 through 17)

The dualization on new alignments would involve the construction of a new four-lane divided
roadway away from the existing facility.  The roadway would be constructed on new location to
minimize impacts to residential and commercial properties.

The typical roadway section would consist of two 12-foot travel lanes in each direction, a median,
 10-foot outside shoulders,  and 20-feet of safety  grading on both sides of the roadway where
appropriate.  This alternative is being designed for a  60 MPH design speed with  two alternative
median widths and treatments. The proposed typical sections for Alternative 4N Modified (for both
the 20' Median and for the 34' Median designs) are shown on Figure H-8.

•     Dualization Alternatives  Along a Combination of Existing and  New Alignments in the
       Northern Study Area                                             ,„,,ปป ,.
       Alternative 3N/4N Modified-201 Median, Alternative 3N/4N Modified-34  Median
       (see Appendix A, Figures 15 through 17)

 A Combination Alternative which uses portions of Alternative 3N and Alternative  4N Modified is
 also being considered. The typical sections for the Combination Alternative would be the same as
 those used for Alternatives 3N and 4N Modified respectively. This alternative is being designed for
 a 60 MPH design speed with two alternative median widths and treatments. The Combination
 Alternative follows the Alternative 4N Modified alignment from US 50 through the previously
 graded interchange area, across existing US 113 at MD 589 and bypasses the Town of Showell to
 the east. Like Alternative 4N Modified, the Combination Alternative ties back into existing US 113
 just north of Showell, but then follows Alternative 3N along the existing alignment of US 113 to the
 northern project terminus at the Delaware state line.
                                           V-4

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 US 113 Planning Study
D.     Description of Section 4(f) Resources

The area of potential effect (APE), concurred with by the Maryland Historical Trust (MHT) on
August 30, 1995, was defined to include the area 500-feet east and west of the existing US 113
roadway in most of the project corridor, and, in the northern portion of the study area, from north
of the town of Berlin to the Delaware state line, where relocation alternatives are also being studied,
the APE width expanded to approximately 500-feet beyond the limits of the furthermost eastern and
western alternatives and included the area between potential alignments. The west boundary of the
northern study area extended to the Maryland and Delaware Railroad Corridor.

The National Register's standards for evaluating the significance of properties were developed to
recognize the accomplishments of all peoples who have made a contribution to our country's history
and heritage.

The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archeology, and culture is present in
districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess  integrity of location, design, setting,
materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, and:

       (A)    that are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad
              patterns of our history; or
       (B)    that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or
       (C)    that  embody  the  distinctive  characteristics  of a  type,  period, or  method  of
              construction, or that represent the work of a  master, or that possess high  artistic
              values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components
              may lack individual distinction; or
       (D)    that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or
              history.

The Maryland Historical Trust (MHT), which is the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) for
the  state of Maryland, has concurred that six (6) historic structures identified in the project's Area
of Potential Effects (APE) are either listed on or are eligible for listing on the National Register of
Historic Places (NRHP) (see Chapter VI, Comments and Coordination).

Of  the six  sites  identified as National Register or National Register eligible, three sites are not
Section 4(f) resources as they are not directly impacted by the project alternatives.  These three
historic structures were identified as listed or eligible for listing on the National Register and are
described in Chapter m, Section B. Review of the alternative alignments showed that the use of
three of these properties; St. Martin's Church, the Transpeninsular Line Marker (WO-479), and the
Lemuel Showell House (WO-284), would not be required by the proposed transportation project
None of the alternative alignments would require acquisition of property from these sites. Although
adverse effect determination were determined for two of these sites (St, Martin's Church and Lemuel
Showell House) under various alternatives, neither the changes in visual or noise environment
would effect the properties under which these sites were determined to be eligible for the National
Register, and do not  substantially impair the historic integrity of these sites.  And thus, these
alternatives do not constitute a constructive use of these properties.
                                           V-5

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US 113 Planning Study
The 3N alternatives require right-of-way acquisition from within the historic boundaries of the
following three historic resources.  This action constitutes a use of these properties and therefore
qualifies them for protection under Section 4(f).

4-     Vic's Country Store (WO-472).  Vic's Country Store, determined eligible for the National
       Register in March 1996 under criterion C (as a representative of a type), is located on the east
       side of US 113 at the intersection of Carey Road, Jones Road, and Friendship Road. The
       building is a good, intact example  of early 20th century roadside architecture, and as a
       store/gas station in a small crossroads community - once quite common, but now a dying
       form.

       Vic's Country Store is determined to be a Section 4(f) resource as it would be impacted by
       the 3N Alternatives. These alternatives  would each require acreage from  the  historic
       boundary of this resource and would impact the structure as well.  Details of the impacts of
       each alternative are presented in Section E of this Chapter.

4-     Hale Farm/Mariner Farm (WO-283). The Hale Farm/Mariner Farm, determined eligible
       in April 1996, is located on the east side of US 113 between MD 90 and MD 589, south of
       Showell.  The property, including a mid-19th century farmhouse, a log corncrib, and  a
       smokehouse, provides an excellent  representative example of an intact, mid-19th century
       farmhouse and a cohesive grouping of domestic outbuildings, and is  eligible for the National
       Register under criterion C (as representative of a type).

       The Hale Farm/Mariner Farm is determined to be  a Section 4(f) resource as it would be
       impacted by any of the 3N Alternatives. These alternatives would each require acreage from
       the historic boundary of this resource.  Details of the impacts of each alternative are present
       in Section E of this Chapter.

4     Showell Store (WO-289). The Showell Store, determined eligible for the National Register
       in January 1997, is located at the northwest corner of US 113 and Pitts Road in Showell.
       . Significant as a village store and commercial center for the surrounding area from the mid-
        19th century to the present, the Showell Store is considered eligible for the National Register
       under criterion A, as it reflects the broad patterns of local history.

       Archeological  18WO209, considered potentially eligible  for the National Register on the
       basis of its  information potential,  is within the boundary of the Showell Store.  This
       multicomponent prehistoric and historic  period site was identified by  Phase I Survey.
       Should this site be impacted by  the selected alternative, Phase JI archeological evaluation
       will be undertaken to conclusively determine the site's National Register eligibility.

       The Showell Store is determined to be a Section 4(f) resource as it would be impacted by any
        of the 3N Alternatives. These alternatives would each require taking the entire resource.
       Details of the impacts of each alternative are present in Section E of this Chapter.
                                            V-6

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 US 113 Planning Study
E.     Impacts and Measures to Minimize Harm

The historic properties impacted by the 3N Alternatives include Vic's Country Store, the Hale
Farm/Mariner Farm, and the Showell Store.  Figure V-l shows the locations of the historic sites in
relation to the proposed dualization alternatives. The impacts of the alternatives to each Section 4(f)
property are summarized in Table V-l. Descriptions of impacts and measures to avoid and minimize
harm follow Table V-l. Alternatives IN, 2N, 4N Modified and Combination Alternatives 3N/4N
Modified do not impact these Section 4(f) resources.

                   Table V-l:  Historic and Archaeological Resources
Northern
Study Area Alternatives '
1N/2N
3N-20* Median (50 MPH)
3N-34' Median (50 MPH)
3N-20' Median (60 MPH)
3N-34' Median (60 MPH)
4N Mod.-20' Median
4N Mod.-34' Median
3N/4N Mod.-20' Median
3N/4N Mod.-34' Median
Historic Resources Effected
Vic's Country Store
Hale Farm/Mariner
Farm
Showell Store
No impact to historic properties
Requires 0.13 acres from
historic boundary.
Requires 0.15 acres from
historic boundary.
Impacts the structure.
Requires 0. 1 8 acres from
historic boundary.
Impacts the structure.
Requires 0.30 acres from
historic boundary.
Impacts the structure.
; Requires 0.42 acres
from historic boundary.
Requires 0.54 acres
from historic boundary.
Requires 0.49 acres from
historic boundary.
Requires 0.62 acres from
historic boundary.
Requires taking of the
entire property (0.44 acres
and the building).
Requires taking of the
entire property (0.44 acres
and the building).
Requires taking of the
entire property (0.44 acres
and the building).
Requires taking of the
entire property (0.44 acres
and the building).
No impact to historic properties.
No impact to historic properties.
1.   No historic resources in the southern study area would be impacted by alternatives currently under consideration.

+     Vic's Country Store

       Vic's Country Store, located on the east side of US 113, is approximately 63-feet from the
       existing edge of pavement of US  113 between MD 452 (Friendship Road) and Jones Road.
       The historic boundary of this resource encompasses approximately 1.19 acres. The frontal
       boundary matches the existing right-of-way of US 113 and is approximately 18-feet from the
       edge of pavement. Photographs of the site, its setting, and its relationship to existing US 113
       are included on Figure V-2.  Impacts, avoidance and minimization effects are presented in
       Table V-2 and are discussed below.
                                          V-7

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                                                        MARYLAND
                                                       BISHOPV1LLE

                                                           .•i-""j~"'~s "-•"*"*

                                                               ':


                                                             i  I
                      ALTERNATIVE 4N
                         MODIFIED
                                                ALTERNATIVE 3N
                                             i" Mariner
                                                      US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                                    Historic  Sites Affected By
                                                    Alternatives Retained For
                                                            Detail Study
                                                      NORTHERN STUDY AREA
  •  Historic Site Location
— — DuaHzatton on Existing Alignment
     DuaEzation on New Alignment

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                   Vic's Country Store ( Looking east across US 113)
                  Vic's Country Store (Looking south along US 113)
* See Figure V-3 for plan
                                                 US 113 PLANNING STUDY
                                                   Photographs of
                                                 Vic's Country Store
                                              Mxryltntl
                                              StaltHighwty
April 1997
Figure
 V-2

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US 113 Planning Study
       Impacts

       As a part of the No-Build improvement (Alternative IN), the construction of a northbound
       acceleration/deceleration lane and a southbound bypass lane are proposed at the US 113/MD
       452 intersection. These improvements would not require any right-of-way from this resource.

       Under the TSM Alternative (Alternative 2N-Basic), stop lines will be painted at the Carey
       Road and Jones Road intersections. These improvements would not require right-of-way
       from this resource.

       Near the store, the 3N alternatives transition from widening on the east of existing US 113
       to the west. The proposed edge of pavement would be approximately 48 to 50-feet from the
       front of the store (depending on the median width and design speed).  No changes in the
       roadway profile are anticipated. Each of these alternatives would require the taking of right-
       of-way from the site.  Alternatives 3N-341 Median (50 MPH), 3N-201 Median (60 MPH), and
       3N-34' Median (60 MPH) would have an impact to the structure itself.  This impact to the
       structure  would involve the taking of the existing porch.

       The 4N Modified alternatives and the 3N/4N Modified alternatives are more than 2,600-feet
       (0.5 miles) to the west of Vic's Country Store and would have no Section 4(f) impact on this
       resource.

       Avoidance and Minimization

       To avoid impacts to this property, the degree of curvature could be altered to create a flatter
       curve at this location  under each of the 3N alternatives (see Figure V-3). This would move
       the alignment west, away from and off of the historic property.

       This avoidance alternative would require the taking of additional right-of-way of between
       0.60 and 0.83 acres (depending on the median width and design speed), from the west side
       of US 113.  The avoidance alternative would also require relocation of one business, one
       residence and one four unit apartment building under each of the 3N alternatives.

       A modification of the proposed typical cross section with the construction of a curb and
       gutter section with guardrail along the northbound roadway between Friendship and Jones
       Roads, would minimize impacts to this historic site under each of the 3N alternatives. Under
       this option, the structure on this property would not be affected, however, 0.04 acres of right-
       of-way would still be required from within the historic boundary.   This minimization
       alignment would bring the proposed edge of pavement to within 28 to 35-feet (depending on
       the median width and the design speed) of the porch.
                                            V-8

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US 113 Planning Study
        Table V-2:       Vic's Country Store Impacts, Avoidance, and Minimization
      Alternatives
                                                     Vic's Country Store
                                  Impacts
                               Avoidance
                              Minimization
 3N-201 Median (50 MPH)
 Requires 0.13 acres from
 historic boundary.
 Proposed edge of
 pavement would be 50-
 feet from structure.
Requires 0.83 acres of
 additional right-of-way.
 Requires relocation of:
  1 residence,
  1 business, and
  1 four unit apt. building.
 One residential  relocation
  required under the
  original alignments
  would be avoided.
 Requires 0.04 acres
 (1,545 SF) from historic
 boundary.
 3N-341 Median (50 MPH)
Requires 0.15 acres from
historic boundary.
Impacts the structure
Proposed edge of
pavement would be 48-
feet from structure.
 Requires 0.78 acres of
 additional right-of-way.
 Requires relocation of:
  1 residence
  1 business
  1 four unit apt. building.
 One residential relocation
  required under the
 ; original alignments
  would be avoided.
Requires 0.04 acres
(1,545 SF) from historic
boundary.
 3N-201 Median (60 MPH)
Requires 0.18 acres from
historic boundary.
Impacts the structure.
Proposed edge of
pavement would be 50-
feet from structure.
Requires 0.60 acres of
 additional right-of-way.
Requires relocation of:
 1 residence
> 1 business
1 1 four unit apt. building
One residential relocation
 required under the
 original alignments
 would be avoided.
Requires 0.04 acres
(1,775 SF) from historic
boundary.
 3N-341 Median (60 MPH)
Requires 0.30 acres from
historic boundary.
Impacts the structure.
Proposed edge of
pavement would be 48-
feet from structure.
Requires 0.65 acres of
 additional right-of-way.
Requires relocation of:
I 1 residence
 1 business
 1 four unit apt. building
One residential relocation
 required under the
 original alignments
 would be avoided.
Requires 0.04 acres
(1,775 SF) from historic
boundary.
                                                V-9

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US 113 Planning Study
      Mitigation Measures

      Vic's Country Store

      The minimization of impacts to Vic's Country Store, as described in Section E, proposes a
      modification of the proposed typical cross section for Alternative 3N; constructing a curb and
      gutter section with  guardrail on the northbound roadway between Friendship and Jones
      roads. This modification would minimize impacts to this historic site. The structure on this
      property would not be affected, however 0.04 acres of right-of-way would be required from
      the historic boundary.

      Mitigation of this impact could involve landscaping to shield the historic resource from the
      structure as well as preparation of a Historic American Building Survey (HABS) and a
      Historic Engineering and Architectural Record (HEAR). Sometime around  1954, Vic's
      Country Store was relocated  on its existinjg site for the widening of US  113 and relocation
      of MD 452. The structure may be able to be relocated on site once again to avoid impact to
      the structure as would occur under each 3N alternative.

      Hale Farm/Mariner Farm

      The minimization of impacts to the Hale Farm/Mariner Farm, as described in Section E,
      proposes a   modification of the  proposed typical  cross  section  for Alternative 3N;
      constructing a curb and gutter section with guardrail on the northbound roadway between
      Friendship and Jones roads. This modification would minimize impacts to this historic site.
      The structure on this property would not be  affected, however 0.34 acres of right-of-way
      would be required from the historic boundary.  Mitigation of this impact could involve
      landscaping to shield the historic resource from the structure as well as preparation of a
      Historic American Building Survey (HABS)  and a Historic Engineering and Architectural
      Record  (HEAR).  Additionally, the brick entrance to  the front of this  property could be
      rebuilt.

      Showell Store

      Minimization efforts at the Showell Store were not feasible.  Mitigation measures could
      include  preparation  of a Historic American Building Survey (HABS) and a Historic
      Engineering and Architectural Record (HEAR).

                                         V-14

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US 113 Planning Study
G.     Correspondence and Coordination

Public involvement and agency coordination have been integral parts of the project development
process as presented in Chapter I, Section D.

Coordination with the Maryland Historical Trust (MHT) has been ongoing,  in accordance with
Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, to address the adverse effects of some
of the alternatives (see Chapter VI, Comments and Coordination). MHT has reviewed preliminary
alternative alignments and has offered comments on SHA's assessment of impacts for architectural
resources, as well as comments on a draft Phase  1 archeological report.  MHT has urged careful
examination and consideration of the options which would avoid and minimize the project's adverse
effects on historic and archeological properties. Coordination will continue with MHT, the Advisory
Council  on Historic Preservation, and  other interested parties regarding proposed mitigation
measures and development of a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) for this project. An MOA
would include stipulations addressing the  specific treatment of affected historic standing structures
and the procedures for completing evaluation and treatment of archeological resources affected by
the selected alternative.
                                           V-15

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Public Involvement Correspondence
US 113 Planning Study

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                                                          VI.
           COMMENTS AND COORDINATION
175113 Planning Study
Snow Hill, Maryland to Delaware State Line
      Office of Planning and Preliminary Engineering
      Maryland State Highway Administration

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US 113 Planning Study
VI.    COMMENTS AND COORDINATION

Agency coordination for the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) document was conducted
throughout the study. Chapters of the DEIS Were submitted to the environmental resource agencies for review
and comments prior to finalizing the document. This section includes a compilation of correspondence with
agencies, public groups, and elected officials.
Elected Officials Correspondence

VI-1     Wayne T. Gilchrest, United States House of Representatives (from SHA)
VI-2     Barbara A. Mikulski, United States Senator (to SHA)
VI-4     James G. Barrett, Worcester County Commissioner (from SHA)
VI-6     Bennett Bozman, Worcester County House Delegation (from SHA)
VI-8     J. Lowell Stoltzfus, Worcester County Senate Delegation (from SHA)
VI-10   J. Lowell Stoltzfus, Worcester County Senate Delegation (to SHA)
VI-11    James G. Barrett, Worcester County Commissioner (to SHA)
VI-12   J. Lowell Stoltzfus, Worcester County Senate Delegation (from SHA)
VI-13   James G. Barrett, Worcester County Commissioner (from SHA)
VI-14   Barbara A. Mikulski, United States Senator (from SHA)
VI-15   Wayne T. Gilchrest, United States House of Representatives (from SHA)
VI-17   James G. Barrett, Worcester County Commissioner (to SHA)
VI-18   James G. Barrett, Worcester County Commissioner (from SHA)

Public Involvement

VI-19   Summary of comments from the Alternates Public Workshop
VI-20   Meeting with CRASH Citizens Group; Minutes (from SHA)
VI-28   Friendship Community Association (to SHA)
VI-35   Friendship Community Association (from SHA)
VI-38   Letter to area churches; Environmental Justice Coordination (from SHA)
VI-48   Letter to Robert Hulburd, CRASH Citizens Group (from SHA)
VI-49   Letter to Worcester County Office of Emergency Services
VI-50   Meeting with the Friendship Community Association
Vl-51a  Ocean Pines Association, Inc.
Vl-51c  Worcester County Commission for Women

NEPA/404 Coordination

Comments and Concurrence on Purpose and Need

VI-52   Fish and Wildlife Service concurrence (from SHA)
VI-53   Environmental Protection Agency comments (to SHA)
VI-55   Environmental Protection Agency response to comments (from SHA)
VI-61    Environmental Protection Agency comments (to SHA)
VI-63   Environmental Protection Agency response to comments (from SHA)
VI-68   Environmental Protection Agency comments (to SHA)
VI-69   Environmental Protection Agency Concurrence (to SHA)
VI-71    Corps of Engineers comments (to SHA)
VI-73   Corps of Engineers response to comments (from SHA)
VI-78   Corps of Engineers comments (to SHA)
VI-80   Corps of Engineers response to comments (from SHA)
VI-84   Corps of Engineers Concurrence (to SHA)
November 1,1994
August 27,1996
November 20,1996
November 20,1996
November 20,1996
November 27, 1996
December 9,1996
December 26,1996
December 31, 1996
January 21,1996
February 21,1997
March 25, 1997
April 4, 1997
November 30,1995
March 8, 1995
February 2, 1997
February 28,1997
February 12,1997
February 24, 1997'
April 10,1997
April 15,1997
April 2, 1997
Aprils, 1997
February 4,1997
December 14,1995
March 5,1996
May 2,1996
June 17,1996
August 26,1996
September 5,1996
December 15,1997
March 5, 1996
April 22,1996
June 17,1996
July 9,1996
                                           VI-1

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US 113 Planning Study
VI-87 Maryland Department of Natural Resources comments (to SHA)
Vl-89 Maryland Office of Planning comments (to SHA)
VI-91 National Park Service comments (to SHA)
VI-93 Maryland Historical Trust comments (to SHA)
VI-94 Department of Natural Resources natural habitats (to SHA)
Comments and Concurrence on Alternatives Retained for Detailed Study
VI-96 Fish and Wildlife Service comments (to SHA)
VI-98 Fish and Wildlife Service concurrence (to SHA)
VI-99 Fish and Wildlife Service response to comments (from SHA)
VI-101 Environmental Protection Agency comments (to SHA)
VI-103 Environmental Protection Agency response to comments (from SHA)
Vl-105a Environmental Protection Agency concurrence (to SHA)
VI-106 Corps of Engineers comments (to SHA)
VI-1 08 Corps of Engineers response to comments (from SHA)
VI-1 1 1 Corps of Engineers concurrence (to SHA)
VI-1 1 3 Maryland Department of Natural Resources concurrence (to SHA)
VI-1 1 5 Maryland Office of Planning comments (to SHA)
VI-1 1 7 Maryland Office of Planning response to comments (from SHA)
VI-1 31 Maryland Department of the Environment concurrence (to SHA)
VI-1 32 Maryland Department of the Environment concurrence update (to SHA)
VI-1 35 National Marine Fisheries Service comments (to SHA)
VI-1 36 National Marine Fisheries Service response to comments (from SHA)
Vl-141 National Marine Fisheries Service concurrence (to SHA)
VI-1 44 Maryland Historical Trust comments (to SHA)
Other NEPA/404 Coordination
VI-1 46 Minutes from Agency Field Review
VI-1 58 Invitations to Agency Field Review
Vl-170 February 27, 1 997 Wetland Jurisdictional Review Minutes
VI-173 October 29 to 31 , 1 996 Wetland Jurisdictional Review Minutes
VI-1 77 December 11,1 996 Wetland Jurisdictional Review Minutes
VI-1 79 November 26 and 27, 1 996 Wetland Jurisdictional Review Minutes
VI-1 82 January 22 and 23, 1 997 Wetland Jurisdictional Review Minutes
VI-188a March 20, 27, 28, 1997 Wetland Jurisdictional Review Minutes
VI-1 89 Fish and Wildlife Service natural habitats (to SHA)
VI-1 90 Maryland Historical Trust (from SHA)
Vl-1 91 Maryland Department of the Environment (from SHA)
VI-1 92 Maryland Department of Natural Resources (from SHA)
VI-1 93 Maryland Office of Planning (from SHA)
VI-1 94 May 1 7, 1 995 Interagency Review Meeting Minutes
VI-21 1 September 1 8, 1 996 Interagency Review Meeting Minutes
VI-228 February 1 9, 1 997 Interagency Review Meeting Minutes
VI-251 March 19, 1997 Interagency Review Meeting Minutes
Vl-256 March 25, 1997 Interagency Review Meeting Minutes
December 11,1 995
December 7, 1995
June 2, 1995
November 30, 1995
February 12, 1996

January 28, 1 997
February 4, 1 997
February 27, 1997
January 31, 1997
February 24, 1997
March 31, 1997
January 23, 1997
February 25, 1997
April 11, 1997
November 21, 1996
November 20, 1 996
February 20, 1 997
March 14, 1997
March 27, 1997
November 25, 1 996
December 23, 1996
March 31, 1997
November 15, 1996

August 3 & 4, 1995
July 24, 1995






April 26, 1995
February 21, 1997
February 21, 1997
February 21 , 1 997
February 21, 1997





                                        VI-2

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US 113 Planning Study
VI-259  Corps of Engineers (Cooperating Agency)

Other Agency Correspondence
VI-260
VI-261
VI-262
VI-264
VI-266
VI-269
VI-277
VI-278
VI-280
VI-282
VI-284
Vl-292a
VI-293
VI-295
VI-296
VI-297
VI-300
VI-302
Maryland Historical Trust concurrence (to SHA)
Maryland Historical Trust concurrence (to SHA)
Maryland Historical Trust comments (to SHA)
Maryland Historical Trust report transmittal (from SHA)
Maryland Historical Trust comments (to SHA)
Maryland Historical Trust comments (to SHA)
Maryland Historical Trust report transmittal (from SHA)
Maryland Historical .Trust comments (to SHA)
Maryland Historical Trust comments (to SHA)
Maryland Historical Trust comments (to SHA)
Maryland Historical Trust comments & concurrence (to SHA)
Maryland Historical Trust comments & concurrence (to SHA)
Department of Natural Resources natural habitats (to SHA)
Department of Natural Resources natural habitats (to SHA)
Department of Natural Resources natural habitats (to SHA)
Department of Natural Resources natural habitats (to SHA)
Department of Natural Resources natural habitats (to SHA)
Department of Natural Resources natural habitats (to SHA)
VI-304  Maryland Department of the Environment (to SHA)

VI-305  US Department of Agriculture - Farmland Conversion Impacts
ApriMO, 1997
June 14,1990
Novembers, 1990
Decembers, 1990
July 26,1995
March 12, 1996
ApriMO, 1996
JulyS, 1996
July 18, 1996
January 7,1997
March 6, 1997
March 18,1997
April 23, 1997

July 6, 1989
January 17, 1990
April 25, 1995
May 9, 1995
June 3, 1996
JulyS, 1996

March 21, 1997

April 16, 1997
                                         VI-3

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Elected Officials Correspondence
US 113 Planning Study

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      Maryland Department of Transportation
      The Secretary's Office



November 1, 1994
                          William DonalB Sctwefer
                          Governor
                          O. James LJghthlzer
                          Secretary
                          Thomas L. Osbome
                          Deputy Secretary
The Honorable Wayne T. Gilchrest
United States House of Representatives
412 Cannon House Office Building
Washington DC  20515-2001

Dear Congressman Gilchrest:

Thank you for your recent letter concerning the safety issues on US 113 in Worcester
County.  We appreciate your constituents' concerns on this issue as well as your own
commitment to highway safety.

I am pleased to inform you that the State Highway Administration (SHA) will be working
closely with a community task force to evaluate short-term safety improvements that could be
quickly implemented on US 113, from Snow Hill to the Delaware state line.

We will also reactivate planning studies for improving US 113. The study will be added to
the Development and Evaluation portion of the Draft 1995-2000 Consolidated Transportation
Program.  The study will examine engineering feasibility, community impacts and environ-
mental issues for long-term options, especially widening along the existing alignment.

State Highway Administrator Hal Kassoff and his staff are planning to meet with representa-
tives of the task  force to discuss these proposals further on November 9, 1994.  While we
can implement low-cost interim safety improvements that come out of our studies, we will
not be able to proceed beyond studies for the dualization of US 113 without new transporta-
tion revenues. I would greatly appreciate any assistance you can provide in securing
additional funds, beyond our normal formula allocations, to fund  improvements in the
US 113 corridor.

Again, thank you for sharing your concerns with me.  If you have any questions, please feel
free to call me or Mr. Kassoff, who can be reached at (410) 333-1111.
Secretary

cc:    Mr. Hal Kassoff
                                  VI- 1
                     My tefephoM number is (410V
859-7600
                               TTY For the Deaf: (410) 684-6919
             Post Office Box 8755. Baltimore/Washington International Airport. Maryland 21240-0755

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  STATE OF MARYLAND
  OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR
                                                August 27, 1996
                                                                                   PAIW1SM.6L
                                                                              4NNAPC
                                                                                 ST
                                                                               tOOST
                                                                        ANNAPOUS.UAHY
                                                                                      WASHING:

                                                                              444 NORTH CfffTOLf
                                                                                   WASHINGTON
The Honorable Barbara A. Mikulski
United States Senate
Suite IE, Building B                                                            TOO*
1201 Pemberton Drive
Salisbury MD 21801-2403

Dear Barbara:

       Thank you for your recent letter expressing concerns about US 113.  I would like to
take this opportunity to respond to the three questions you raised. Let me begin with what
has been accomplished in the past and a status of our current activities.

       The State Highway Administration (SHA) has made a number of improvements to
US 113 between US 13 and the Delaware state line over the last 10 years. It has completed
major intersection improvements along US 113 at US 13, MD 610, MD 589, Pitts Road, am
the Delaware state line.  The SHA has also installed 15 street lights and five flasher signals,
and has made numerous spot safety improvements, including widening the painted lines
which separate northbound from southbound traffic,  installing raised pavement markers,
adding pavement marking arrows, and adding "no passing" signs. In addition, SHA also
resurfaced approximately 80 percent of US 113 in this area. These improvements (most of
which were made during the last five years) cost approximately $12 million.

       The US 113 project is included in the Department's Consolidated Transportation
Program for project development. We are evaluating a variety of alternatives including the
construction of an additional two-lane roadway adjacent to the  existing facility and a new
four-lane road on new location for the section between Berlin and the Delaware state line.
The cost of dualizing the entire length of US 113 would likely exceed $100 million. We
anticipate holding a public hearing in the Spring of 1997 and expect completion of the
analysis later in the year.

       Traffic and accident studies were done in the late 1980f s when a project planning
study was initiated for US 113 from US 50 to the Delaware state line. The traffic and
accident data was updated  last year when we began the project development effort mentioned
above.  The entire section  of US  113 has experienced 893 accidents in the past 15 years. Or
average this rate is lower than other similar roadways.  The northern section  has experienced
20 fatalities over that period of time which is cause for concern and is the primary focus of
our present project development efforts.
                                            VI-2
Tf

-------
 The Honorable Barbara A. Mikulski
 Page Two
       We would certainly prefer to be able to make an early commitment to the construction
 of a project such as the dualization of US 113, but given the limits on both federal as well as
 state transportation funding, we have not been able to do so at this time. As you are well
 aware, Congress has not readily agreed to federal funding for highway projects in addition to
 that provided through normal federal funding apportionments. In the coming year, as we
 approach the re-authorization of the federal surface transportation programs, we will want to
 work closely with you and other members of the Maryland Congressional delegation. We
 hope to obtain the highest possible funding formula for Maryland, enabling us to undertake
 projects such as US 113 as well as special categories of projects such as federally  owned
 highways like the Woodrow Wilson Bridge and the Baltimore Washington Parkway.

       Thank you for your interest in the US 113 project.  If you have any other questions
 or comments, please feel free to call me or State Highway Administrator Parker Williams at
 (410)545-0400. .

                                       Sincerely,
                                       Parris N. Glendening
                                       Governor
Enclosure
cc:
The Honorable David L. Winstead, Secretary, Department of Transportation
The Honorable James G. Barrett
The Honorable Bennett Bozman
Mr. Parker Williams
                                       VI-3

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         Msryl&idDepartment of Tfsnspcrtaticfi
         State Highway Administration
David L Win
Secretar/
Parker F.Wil
Administrator
                                       November 20, 1996
The Honorable lames Barrett
President
Worcester .County Commissioners
Courthouse
SnowHfllMD 21863
        ป
Dear Commissioner Barrett:

       The State Highway Administration (SHA) has completed initial project planning
studies for the proposed dualization of US 113 from Snow Hill to the Delaware State line.
Proposed alternatives include dualizing US 113 along the existing roadway and the
construction of US 113 on a new location.

       During the initial planning stage, alternative proposals were developed and an
environmental inventory of the area was completed to identify social, economic, natural and
cultural resources. These resources were considered during the development of the
alternatives.

       On November 30, 1995, an Alternates Public Workshop  was held'at Berlin Middle
School to present the findings of the conceptual engineering and of the preliminary natural
and cultural environmental and socio-economic studies.  A copy of the brochure distributed
for the meeting is enclosed.

       An environmental document will be prepared describing each alternative and its
potential impacts.  The document will be circulated and made available to the public.  A
public hearing will be held following the publication of the  environmental document. We
request the Worcester County Commissioners' concurrence  to proceed to final project
planning for the US 113 Study.
                      My telephone number b	:	

                        Maryland Relay Service lor Impaired Hearing or Speech
                              l-aOO-735-2258 Statewide, Toll Free

                    Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
                Street Addnss: 707 North Calvart Strwt • Baltimore, Maryland 21202
                                     VI-4

-------
The Honorable James Barren
Page Two
       If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to contact me or Mr. Neil
Pedersen, our Director of Planning and Preliminary Engineering, who can be reached at
(410) 545-0411.
                                       Parker F. Williams
             ^       .           ."  ;    Administrator
                                                            *
Enclosure
cc:    Mr. Neil J. Pedersen, Director, State Highway Administration
       The Honorable David L. Winstead, Secretary, Maryland Department of
        Transportation
                                    VI-5

-------
         Maryland Department oiTransportation
         State Highway Administration
David LWir
Secretary
Parker F.Wi
Administrator
                                       November 20,1996
The Honorable Bennett Bozman
Chairperson
Worcester County House Delegation
413 Lowe House Office Building
6 Governor Bladen Boulevard
Annapolis MD 21401-1991

Dear Delegate Bozman:

       The State Highway Administration (SHA) has completed initial project planning
studies for the proposed dualization of US 113 from Snow Hill to the Delaware State line.
Proposed alternatives include dualizing US 113 along the existing roadway and the
construction of US 113 on a new location.

       During the initial planning stage, alternative proposals were developed and an
environmental inventory of the area was completed to identify social, economic, natural and
cultural resources. These resources were considered during the development of die
alternatives.

       On November 30, 1995, an Alternates Public Workshop was  held at Berlin Middle
School to present the findings of the conceptual engineering and of the preliminary natural
and cultural environmental and socio-economic studies.  A copy of die brochure distributed
for the meeting is enclosed.

       An environmental document will be prepared describing each alternative and  its
potential impacts. The document will be circulated and made available to the public. A
public hearing will be held following the publication of the environmental document. We
request your concurrence to proceed to final project planning for the US  113 study.
                                     VI-6

                       My telephone number is
                        Maryland Relay San/fca tor Impaired Hearing or Speech
                               1-800-735-2258 Statewide, ToB Free
                     Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MO
                Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202

-------
 The Honorable Bennett Bozman
 Page Two '

                                    JSincereU,
Enclosure
                                    Parker F. Williams
                                    Administrator
                         Director' State Highway Administrarion
                           Wfa"Md> Secrelaiy. Maryland Department of
                                 VI-7

-------
         Mar/tendDepartmentofTran$pcrtation
         State Highway Administration
David LWii
Secretary
Parker F.W
Administrator
                                       November 20, 1996
The Honorable I. Lowell Stoltzfus
Chairperson
Worcester County Senate Delegation
30487 Broad Street
Princess Anne MD 21853-1211

Dear Senator Stoltzfus:

       the State Highway Administration (SHA) has completed initial project planning
studies for the proposed dualization of US 113 from Snow Hill to the Delaware State line.
Proposed alternatives include dualizing US 113 along the existing roadway and the
construction of US 113 on a new location.

       During the initial planning stage, alternative proposals were developed and an
environmental inventory of the area was completed to identify social, economic, natural and
cultural resources. These resources were considered during the development of the
alternatives.

       On November 30, 1995, an Alternates Public Workshop was held at Berlin Middle
School to present the findings of the conceptual engineering and of the preliminary natural
and cultural environmental and socio-economic studies.  A copy of the brochure distributed
for the meeting is enclosed.

       An environmental document will be prepared describing each alternative and its
potential impacts.  The document will be circulated and made available to the public.  A
public hearing will be held following the publication of the environmental document. We
request your concurrence to proceed to final project planning for the US  113  study.
                       My telephone number is .	
                        Maryland Relay Service tor Impaired Hearing or Speech
                              1 -800-735-2258 Statewide. Toll Free

                    Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717 ,
                Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202
                                     VI-8

-------
 The Honorable J. Loweil Stofcz&s
 Page Two
       If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to contact me or Mr. Neil

 (410)^545 (*60"* ฐf Plannins and ^liminaiy Engineering, who can be reached at
                                                        /
                                      Parker F. Williams
                                      Administrator

Enclosure     *
cc:    Mr. Neil J. Pedersen, Director, State Highway Administration
       The Honorable David L. Winstead, Secretary, Maryland Department of
        Transportation
                                                                                         r
                                    V/-9

-------
    J. L.OWEU.STOL.TZFUS
        DISTRICT 3 •
 SOMERSET. WltfOMICO ft WORCESTER

         MCMDERl
 ECONOMIC * ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS
        COMMITTEE


 ' CHESAPEAKE ปAY CRITICAL AREAS
     OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE

      JOINTCOMMITTEE
     ON FEOERAUREUATIONS

COMMISSION TO ซAVETHE UOHTHOOSES

  GOVERNOR'S PESTICIDE COUNCIL.
                                    LEGISLATtve OFFICE

                                 ROOM 4Oป SENATE OFFICE BU
                                 ANNAFOUS. MAdVLANO ZI4O
SENATE OF MARYLAND
   AHMAPOLIS. MARYLAND 2UOI-1991
    November 27,  1996
     DISTRICT OFFICES

     3O4I7 BROAD STREET
PRINCESS ANNE. MARVtANO X.
       |4IO17ซ2-39ปป
     Parker F. Williams,  Administrator
     Maryland Department  of "Transportation-
     State Highway Administration
     p.  O. Box 717
     Baltimore, MD    21203-0717

     Dear Parker:
     Thus Maryland's portion is  the bottleneck
     If  I can be of further assistance in this fine project,  please feel
     free to contact me.
                                           Sincerely,
                                           J. Lowell Stoltzfus
     JLS:ro
     cc:  Worcester County Commissioners
           Mr. Neil J. Pedersen
           Secretary David L.  Winstead
                                      VI- 10

-------
 .10-632-1194
     COMMISSIONERS
 JAMES a BARRETT. PRESIDENT
ANV1LLE 0. TRIMPER VCSPflesoexT
  ROBERT t_ COWQER. JR.
     JEANNE LYNCH
    JAMES L PURNELL
      OFFICE OF THE
   COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
              (Emmtg
                       &
  GERALD T. MASON
  ff AOWNOTWnvf OFFICER
EDWARD H. HAMMOND, JB.
   ROOM t18 COURTHOUSE
   ONE WEST MARKET STREET
SNOW  HILL, MARYLAND
     21863-1072
   December 9, 1996
     Parker F. Williams, Administrator
     Maryland Department of Transportation
     State Highway Administration
     Post Office Box 717
     Baltimore, Maryland 21203-0717

     RE:    Concurrence to Proceed to Final Project Planning - U.S. 113 Study

     Dear Mr. Williams:

            Please be advised mat at our meeting of December 3,1996, the Worcester County
     Commissioners reviewed your letter of November 20,1996 regarding the status of the proposed
     dualization of U.S. Route 113 fiom Snow Hill to the Delaware State Line. As you are aware, we have
     identified this project as a priority and are therefore encouraged by the progress in accomplishing these
     much needed improvements to insure the safety and to protect the lives of the residents and visitors of
     Worcester County. We therefore offer our concurrence to proceed to final project planning for the U.S.
     113 study.

            We would appreciate your continued efforts in expediting this project and hope that you will
     strive to begin construction of these critically necessary improvements as quickly as possible. Please do
     not hesitate to contact us if we can be of any assistance in mis matter.

            If you should have any other questions or concerns, please feel free to contact either me or
     Gerald T. Mason, Chief Administrative Officer, at this office.
                                                 Sincerely,
     JGB/KS;ddc
     eft Secretly D*vM L. Wlnstead, MOOT
       Neil Pedersen. Director. SHA
       Donnfe Drewer, District Engineer, SHA
      ' Bob Hulburd, CRASH
     CC12S/Pirker
                                             VI- 11
                             Citizens and Government Working Together

-------
          Maryland Department of Transportation
          State Highway Administration
                                                                     David LV
                                                                     Secretary
                                                                     Parker F. \
                                                                     Administrate
                                        December 26, 1996
 Th.e Honorable J. Lowell Stoltzfus
 Senate of Maryland
 30487 Broad Street
 Princess Anne MD 21853-1211

 Dear Senator Stoltzfus:

     ^ Thank you for your recent letter supporting our efforts to proceed with final project
 planning for the US 113 project. We are also concerned about the accident fatality rate
 along this route.  Since our transportation tour meeting, I met with the County Residents
 Action for Safer Highways (CRASH) on December 16 to discuss the project. I am pleased
 to tell  you that we are planning to go to a Location/Design Public Hearing by Spring 1997.

       Your interest in this project is appreciated. If you have any questions, please feel
 free to call me or Mr. Neil Pedersen, our Director of Planning and Preliminary Engineering,
 who can be reached at (410) 545-0411.

                                       Sincerely,
                                           / .,-*"'
                                      .     ,,
                                      Parker F. Williams
                                      Administrator
cc:
The Honorable James Barrett, President, Worcester County Commissioners
The Honorable Robert Cowger, Jr., Commissioner, Worcester County
The Honorable Jeanne Lynch, Commissioner, Worcester County
The Honorable James Purnell, Commissioner, Worcester County
The Honorable Granville'Trimper, Vice President, Worcester County
   Commissioners
Mr. Neil J. Pedersen, Director, State Highway Administration
                     My telephone number is

                      Maryland Relay Service tor Impaired Hearing or Speech
                             1-800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free
              c.^-               P-ฐ- Box717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
              Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202
                                  VI- 12

-------
        Mary/and Department of Transportation
        Sta te High way A dministra tfon
                                                                  David L Winstead
                                                                  Secretary
                                                                  Parker F.Williams
                                                                  Administrator
                                       December 31, 1996
The Honorable James G. Barrett, President
Worcester County- Commissioners
Room 112 Court House
One West Market Street
Snow Hill MD 21863-1072

Dear Commissioner Barrett:

      Thank you for your recent letter providing concurrence to proceed to final project
planning for US 113 from Snow Hill to the Delaware State line.  Safety along this route is a
major concern to us as  well.

      Since our transportation tour meeting, I met with the County Residents Action for
Safer Highways (CRASH) on December 16 to discuss the project  I am pleased to tell you
that we are expediting the planning studies and will proceed directly to engineering as  sooa
as an  alternative is, selected.

      Your continued  support and interest in this project is appreciated.  If you have any
questions, please feel free to call me or Mr. Neil Pedersen, our Director of Planning and
Preliminary Engineering, who may be reached at (410) 545-0411.
cc:
                                      F.Williams
                                Administrator

Mr. Robert Hulburd, CRASH
The Honorable Robert Cowger, Jr., Commissioner, Worcester County
The Honorable Jeanne Lynch, Commissioner, Worcester County
The Honorable James Purnell, Commissioner, Worcester County
The Honorable Granvffle Trimper, Vice President, Worcester County Commissioners
Mr. Donnie Drewer, District Engineer, State Highway Administration
Mr. Neil J. Pedersen, Director, State Highway Administration
The Honorable David L. Winstead, Secretary, Maryland Department of
 Transportation
                           VI-13
              My telephone number fa	
                Maryland Relay Service tor Impaired Hearing or Speech
                       1-800-735-2258 Statewide ToD Free
        ..   Mailing Address; P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MO 21203-0717
        s*'Mt Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202
                                                                                          •i

-------
                    Mary/andDepartmentofTransportatlon
                    State Highway Administration
                                                                         DavfdLWi
                                                                         Secretary

                                                                         Parker F.W
                                                                         Administrator
                                                   January 21, 1997
i
The Honorable Barbara Mikulski
United States Senate
World Trade Center
Suite 253
401 East Pratt Street
Baltimore MD  21202

Dear Senator Mikulski:

       Mrs. Sue Rajan of my staff informs me your office recently inquired about
113 dualization project in Worcester County.  Apparently, at a recent meeting in Worcester
County, Mr. Bob Hulburd of CRASH (County Residents Action for Safer Highways)
expressed his concerns about the amount of time it is taking for the Federal agenaes to
complete the environmental review for the project.

       Reviewing the routine, detailed, environmental analyses and documentation, and
coordinating with the various State and Federal agencies,  is a lengthy process.  We are
closely coordinating the project with the agencies and making them aware of the current
safety• prttau along US 113, in order to avoid any delay during the course of planning an
design.  At this stage, none of the agencies is causing a delay in the issuance of
environmental permits.

       This project has been placed on an accelerated schedule through theproject planning
phase.  We intend to hold a Location/Design Public Hearing this Spring. The next phase,
project engineering or final design, is also funded in our program, and theprojec twffl.
proceed directly to enguieering as soon as an alternative is selected.  In order to save time,
design preliminaries will begin sooner.

        Your staff also asked us to notify you of any Federal agencies' delaying any permit <
approval for this project  We appreciate your concerns and support for the US 113Jjrpject.
Kyou have any questions, pleasVfeel free to call me or Mr. Ned Pederseri our Director of
Planning and Preliminary Engineering, who can-be-reached at (410) 545-0411.
             cc:
                                               F. Williams
                                        Administrator

        Mr. Neil J. Pedersen, Director, State Highway Administration
        The Honorable David L. Winstead, Secretary, Maryland Department of
         Transportation
                                             —VI- 14	
                                   Maryland Relay Sen/tea for Impaired Hearing or Speech
                                          1 -800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free
                              Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
                         Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202

-------
       Maryland Department of Transportation
       State Highway Administration
David L. Winstead
Secretary

Parker F. Williams
Administrator
                                      February 21, 1997
The Honorable Wayne T. Gilchrest
United States House of Representatives
332 Cannon House Office Building
Washington DC  20515

Dear Congressman Gilchrest:

       This is an update on our project planning activities on US 113 in Worcester County.
The team is preparing the draft Environmental Impact Statement, which we expect will be
circulated and available for public and agency inspection in late April. The Public Hearing
is tentatively scheduled for May 29.

       The US 113 schedule has been condensed and expedited in order to obtain the
necessary federal approvals as quickly as possible. Maintaining that schedule will require the
federal review agencies to assign a high priority to the project and review all submitted
information rapidly.

       You requested the names, addresses and phone numbers of key people at the federal
agencies whom you may want to contact to let them know of your interest in the project and
the priority you would like to see them place on it.  These people are:

                                 Mrs. Susan J. Binder
                                Division Administrator
                            Federal Highway Administration
                               The Rotunda, Suite 220
                                 711 West 40th Street
                                 Baltimore MD 21211
                                    (410) 962-4440
                                             t
                                Colonel Randall Inouye
                                     Commander
                            U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                                  Baltimore District
                              Baltimore MD 21203-1715
                                    (410) 962-6144
                                    VI- 15
                    My telephone number is	
                      Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech
                            1-800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free
                Mailing Address:  P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
            Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202

-------
The Honorable Wayne Gilchrest
February 21, 1997
Page Two
                                 Mr. Michael McCabe
                                Regional Administrator
                            Environmental Protection Agency
                                      Region in
                                  841 Chestnut Street
                                Philadelphia PA  19107
                                    (215) 597-8255

                                   Mr. John Wolflin
                             U.S. Department of the  Interior
                               Fish and Wildlife Service
                              177 Admiral Cochrane Drive
                                 Annapolis MD  21401
                                    (410) 573-4534

                               Mr. Timothy E. Goodger
                            National Marine Fisheries Service
                         Habitat and Protection Resource Division
                                   Oxford MD 21654
                                    (410) 226-5771

        Your interest in this project is greatly appreciated. If you need any additional
 information, please feel free to call me at (410) 545-0400.
                                        Sincerely,,
                                        Parker F. Williams
                                        Administrator
                                   V/-16

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IflR 26 '37   03:48PM SHfl flDMINISTRATOR 410 333 1585
                                                        P. 2/2
COMMISSIONERS
; 6. BABfiETT,
10. TRIMMER, VWi Pf lEfflDENT
aSBTLCOWaERJR.
 JEANNE LYNCH
JAMES L PURNEU.
         Office OF TUB
      COUNTY COUh8SSK>NeH3

1$force*ter  Cotottg
c^                       s
       BOOM 11 J
       ONI WSST MARKET iTREET
    SNOW HILL, MARYLAND
         21863-1072
        March 25, 1997
  . aERALDT. MASON
CHEF ABM1NISTMTIW E gWBCT
iDWAMO H. HAMMOND, JR.
   COUNTY ATiallNgY
 Parker Williams, Administrator
 State High* -ay Administration
 707 N.Calvert Street
 Baltimore, M-.ryland 21202

 RE:    Relocation of U. S. Route 1 13

 Dear Mr. Williams:

        The Worcester County Commissioners recently received the status report dated February 25,
 1997 regaraJng pm^ed improvements to U. S. Route 113 in Worcester County from sotrth of Snow Bdl
 to Ae Delaware State Line. We are encouraged by the recent activities to further this much needed
 pr qfeฃ id are grateful for your efforts in this regard. We understand that you are currently in Ae
 process of evaluating several alternatives for the location of these improvements and are attempting**
 deS* the alignment which wilt provide for the least possible disturbance to the environmi-nt While
 w^mmend yoifor this effort, we ask that you also consider the impact of these vanous ahgments on
 Jne buuSnment in order to provide for the least possible disturbance of the residents of Worcester
 County, as fans recently come to light in the Friendship area.
         Again, thank you for your efforts in moving this project forward on an •^Jj*.
  look forward*, the upcoming Location^esign Public Hearing which is berng scheduled for S.xnng  9
  ^StheselectioVofafLl alternative for th. location brthe^improyementeonU S.R>ute 113.
  5 weซn be of any assistance, please feel free to contact either me or Gerald T. Mason, Chief
  Administrative Officer, at this office.
  JGB/KSx >i;
     Donnle Jrewcr, District Engineer, SHA
     Mr*. R, SuweURjjM, Project MinigM, SHA
  CC12S/WIU' -at
                                         VI-17
                          Citizens and Coverna^nt Working Together
                                                                                    • •0   ~-

-------
               Maryland Department of Transportation
               State Highway Administration
                                                                 David L. Wins
                                                                 Secretary
                                                                 Parker F. Will
                                                                 Administrator
                                               April 4, 1997
•A
        The Honorable James G. Barrett
        President
        Worcester County Commissioners Office
        Room 112 Courthouse
        One West Market Street
        Snow Hill MD 21863-1072

        Dear Commissioner Barrett:

               Thank you for your recent letter regarding the US 113 project.  I know this project is
        of great concern to the citizens of Worcester County and the State Highway Administration i
        actively working  towards a construction start.

               As part of our process, the effects to existing neighborhoods and residents is most
        definitely a consideration in our evaluation of alternatives.  Last month the project team met
        with the citizens of the Friendship area to explain the process and gain a first-hand
        understanding of the community's concerns.  Our understanding is that the community feels
        it is unreasonable to implement improvements along the existing road as it would result  in
        displacement of a number of residences and disturb the character of the community.

               Several alternatives are being considered in the area of the Friendship community.  I
        can assure you that impacts to the community will be given serious consideration in the
        decision making process.

               Again, thank you for your interest in our project. If you have any questions, please
        feel free to call me or Mr. -Neil J. Pedersen, the Director of the Office of Planning and
        Preliminary Engineering,  who can be reached at (410) 545-0411.
         cc:
                                 Parker F. Williams
                                 Administrator .

Mr. Neil J. Pedersen, Director, Office of Planning and Preliminary Engineering,
 State Highway Administration
                              VI-18
             My telephone number is —	
               Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech
                     1 -800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free
         Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
     Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202

-------
                   US 113 ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS
                   ALTERNATES PUBLIC WORKSHOP

                       SUMMARY OF COMMENTS
A total of 42 comments were received from mailers, letters, and citizens at wall
displays.

In general, almost all comments agreed that further improvements are needed
throughout, and almost half were in favor of a relocated US 113, in the northern
study area.                          :

Nine people were in favor of dualizing US 113, with no preferred alternative.

Two people were against dualizing US 113.

At the northern end of the project, 16 people were in favor of relocating US 113.

Two people were in favor of widening US 113, specifically on it's current location.

Several people would like to see the speed limit reduced on US 113.

Several people would like to see the project move along quickly.

Several people strongly agreed that further spot improvements are needed.
      NOTE: Most are in regard to Jarvis Road's design, which has been
             identified as a problem and will be addressed at the district level,
             when funding is available.
                            VI-19

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                      SYNOPSIS OF MEETING

                     CONTRACT WO-719-201-177
A meeting was held on March 8, 1995 with the citizens group "County
Residents Advocating Safer Highways" (CRASH).  The following were in
attendance:
     Terry McGean
     Jeff Kelchner
     Dale Petty
     Frank Kellogg
     Jim Barrett
     Tony Kanz
     Bob Hulburd
     Louise Ash
     Jack Lord
     Sonny Bloxom
     Sean O'Sullivan
     Mike Rothenheber
     Jim  Renaud
     Dan Uebersax
     Steve Udzinski
     Lee Carrigan
     Rudy A. Walbe
     Raja Veeramachaneni
     Donnie L Drewer
     Glenn L Evans
      Ravi D. Ganvir
      Gene Cofieil
Ocean City Engineer           289-8221
Ocean City Police Dept.        723-6631
Maryland State Police          641 -2101
CRASH                       641-5248
CRASH                       641-2798
CRASH                       641 -8071
CRASH                       641 -5300
CRASH                       632-2600
CRASH                       352-9867
Wor. County Commissioner     957-0132
The Daily Times               749-7171
J.M.T. Consultants             329-3100
J.M.T. Consultants             329-3100
SHA Environmental Design     333-8080
SHA Highway Design          333-1275
SHA Planning                 333-4582
SHA Planning                 333-4583
SHA Hydraulics               333-1274
SI-iA District Engineer          543-6720
SHA ADE-Construction         543-6715
SHA Engineering Systems      543-6715
SHA District 1 Traffic          543-6715
 Donnie Drewer briefly expanded on the purpose of the meeting to keep
 CRASH Committee members updated on the results of our studies of MD
 90 and US 113, what we can do right away, and what we plan to do in
 the future.
                            VI-20

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CRASH Synopsis
March 8, 1995
Page 2
Gene Cofiell reviewed immediate improvement plans to the MD 90
Corridor as follows:

     =   Install flex post delineators along the centerline of
          MD 90 from US 50 East for approximately 1/4 mile.

          To be completed in Spring of '95.

     =   Install Overhead sign just east of US 50 that warns
          motorists that there is a two-way traffic for the next
          12 miles.

          To be completed by Memorial Day weekend.

     =   Install five signs at strategic locations for
          eastbound traffic with detectors and flashing lights
          for the purpose of warning motorists  of backups
          ahead.              _         _    	

          To be completed by Memorial Day weekend.

     =   Place "No Passing" pennant signs independently
          along the entire corridor.

          Completed.

     =   Remove ail unnecessary signs on MD 90  at MD
    '.      528.

          Completed.

     m   Modify the overhead sign approaching MD 528.
          To be completed by Memorial Day weekend.
                          VI-21

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CRASH Synopsis
March 8, 1995
PageS
Mike Rothenheber of Johnson, Mirmiran, and Thompson, consultants
performing the study, gave a brief presentation of the results of their
studies.  Engineering, environmental, cost restraints, and accident data
over the last 15 years were all, by necessity, considered in the final
recommendations. They were as follows:

      •    Break MD 90 down into 6 segments:

           1. From MD 528 to beginning of Assawoman Bay
             Bridge (0.45 miles).

           2. From Assawoman Bay Bridge to end of St. Martins
             River Bridge.  This segment is considered as two
             parts. The first part is the Isle of Wight (0.73)
             and the second part is the two bridges (2.22 miles).

           3. From end of St. Martins River Bridge up to and including
             the interchange with MD 528 (2.41  miles).	

           4. From the interchange with MD 589 up to and including the
             interchange of US 113 (1.57 miles).

           5. From the interchange with US 113 up to the MD 346
             Overpass (2.94  miles).

           6. From MD 346 Overpass to the US 50 interchange
             (1.03 miles).

 Mike presented two typicals for the recommended proposed construction
 of a median down the middle of MD 90 in which guardrail would be
 installed (Segment 2):

           Typical 4. Eleven foot wide lanes with six foot wide outside
           shoulders, two foot wide inside shoulders with a sixteen foot
           wide median with  a guardrail.

           Typical 2. Eleven foot wide lanes with six foot wide outside
           shoulders and an eight foot wide median with a guardrail.

 Mike presented drawings of both of the typicals with a colored raised
 median, brown steel guardrail, and possibly some landscaping, both very
 aesthetic.                   V|- 22

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CRASH Synopsis
March 8, 1995
Page 4
Segment 2 is scheduled to begin in October, '95 with an anticipated
completion date prior to the following tourist season, depending on
available funding.

The remainder of MD 90 is anticipated to be completed one segment per
year beginning with Segment 3 and proceeding west, providing funding
is available.

SUMMATION:

Members very pleased with presentation.  For Segment 2, they preferred
Typical 4. They did, however, feel that 6 or 7 years was a long time to
correct a problem 12 miles long, and suggested they may contact their
elected officials and lobby for additional monies to accelerate
completion.
                            VI-23

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CRASH Synopsis
March 8, 1995
PageS

US 113

Ravi Ganvir reviewed improvements SHA has made to US 113, improve-
ments in process, and improvements to be made within the next 6 to 9
months (depending upon availability of funding) as follows:

                   IMPROVEMENTS COMPLETED

     US 113 AT MD 610

     m   Widen existing pavement to provide left turn lanes
          atNBLandSBLofUS113.

     s   Construct right turn lanes at MD 610.

     m   Construct traffic signal.

     US 113 AT PITTS ROAD

     m   Widen "Pitts Road to "provide right turn at US 113.

     US 113 AT MD 589

     m   Widen US 113 to provide acceleration and
          deceleration lanes.

     •   Construct traffic signal at the intersection.

     US 113

          Install wide paint lines (12" center, 8" edge lines).

                  IMPROVEMENTS IN PROGRESS

     m   Install Raised Pavement Markers from Pocomoke
          to Delaware State Line.

          To be completed Spring,  '95.

      m   Pavement Marking arrows  and two-way traffic
          signs at every mile.

          To be completed Spring,  '95.
                           VI-24

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 CRASH Synopsis
 March 8, 1995
 Page 6

 Improvements In Progress (Continued)

      a    No passing pennants mounted independently of
           other signs.

           To be completed Spring, '95.
tf •
      a    Delaware Line bridge end markers.

           To be completed Spring, '95.

      a    Install new flasher at US 113 and Pitts Road.

           Design in progress.

              IMPROVEMENTS WITHIN 6 - 9 MONTHS
                     (Contingent upon Funding)

      s    Install flashers at the intersections of MD 365,
           Castle Hill Road, Washington Street; MD 394,
           Langmaid Road, and Germantown Road.
          Install street lights at the intersections of
          Cedartown Road, Porters Crossing Road, Five Mile
          Branch Road, Basket Switch Road, Newark Road,
          Cropper Island Road, Downs Road, Good Hill
          Road, Shire Drive, Mason Road, Ironshire Stations
          Road, Harrison Road, Hayes Landing Road, MD
          394, Langmaid Road, and Germantown Road.

          Signing improvements are to be made at
          intersection with MD 394.
 Ravi gave brief presentation of SHA future improvement plans (within two
 years) for intersections of US 1 1 3 and MD 367, MD 452, Jarvis Road,
 Deer Park Road, and Kary Asphalt entrance. He stressed that these
 improvements are contingent upon funding availability.
                            VI- 25

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CRASH Synopsis
March 8,1995
Page?
Lee Carrigan advised project planning studies to improve US 113 safety
and serviceability were initiated in January of this year. Project limits are
from the Delaware State line to south of Snow Hill.  Only the planning
phase has been funded.  There are major wetland areas within the
project limits.  Preliminary cost for the ultimate dualization ranges from
$120 to $150 million.  It is anticipated a public hearing presenting  the
alternates will be held in the Fall, '95 with location/design approvals
being given in the Spring of '97.

Again, members were pleased with presentation and expressed their
appreciation for the work put into the presentation. The Committee
commented that US 113 was being used as an alternate route for trucks
to get around the scales on US 1 3, mostly Sunday afternoons and nights.
Also  questioned the possibility of the speed limit on the Snow Hill Bypass
being reduced.  They voiced concerns for the following:

       m   US 1 1 3  at intersection of MD 61 0 - vehicles
           passing on left southbound lane.  New contract
           took out turning lanes.  Southbound deceleration
           lane needed.

           Negotiating with contractor as of this writing.

       s   US 113 at intersection of MD 365, stop ahead sign
           needed.

           Erection of stop ahead sign completed  March 1016.

       ==    US 113 at Berlin Lions Club - one way signing
            needed.

            Do Not Enter sign  erected March 10s*
 The Committee again stressed their displeasure with the 6 to 7 year
 completion date. They also reiterated their intention to contact their
 elected officials  and lobby for additional monies to accelerate
 completion.
                              v|
  :syr

-------
Distribution:
Hal Kassoff
Tom Hicks
Kirk McClelland
Dan Uebersax
Steve Udzinski
Lee Carrigan
Rudy ^.'albe
Raja Veeramachaneni
Mike Rothenheber
Jim Renaud
Glenn Evans
Ravi Ganvir
Al Budnichuk
Gene Cofieil
Sonny Larson
                          VI-27

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                          Friendship   Community  Association
                                10143 Three Penny Lane, Berlin, Maryland 21811
                                                      February 2, 1997
      Ms. Sue Eajan
      Project Manager
      State Highway Administration
      707 N. Calvert St.
      Mail Stop C-301
      Baltimore, Maryland 21202
      Dear Ms. Rajan:

      We have two main goals for this correspondence; One is to introduce ourselves and
      share our concerns with your and other offices of the SHA. The second is to request
      that you or a representative from SHA meet locally with us to respond to our
      concerns.

|P   We are a coalition of property owners who live adjacent to the current course of
      U.S. 113 "Worcester Highway". We represent more than thirty individual member
      households and three community churches.  We represent the majority of the forty
      or so structures that will be negatively impacted by the duaMzation of U.S. 113
      along its current course in our area.  While we accept the need for the
      improvement of the  existing highway we have a serious concern for the value of our
      properties and the quality of our lives.

      We have a narrow focus of concern, that being, from end of the existing dual section
      just north of U.S. 50, northward, under Rt. 90 to a point about 1000 ft. south of the
      intersection with MD. Route 589 "Race Track Road", where the proposed alternates
      3N and 4N coincide. It is our position that in this section the new highway should
      follow the more westerly route once labeled as Alt 4N. Most of us attended the
      meeting at the  Berlin Middle School last year and left with overwhelming
      confidence that the SHA would indeed choose the route planned more than twenty
      years ago, and  spare our community  the destruction and discomfort that will be
       associated with expanding the highway in its current course. However, with the
      recent archeological survey it is clear that the State is actively considering the
       absurd.  Our previous confidence shaken, we are organizing to support the State in
       a decision to go around our community rather than through it.
                                       VI-28

-------
Our first objection to the expansion of the highway in its current course is the issue
of safety. The main reason for addressing the highway at all is because of the high
loss of life that has been associated with it in the past thirty years.  There is no
comparison in terms of safety between the two alternates being considered for our
area. Since the beginning we have been in contact with the C.R.A.S.H. coalition
and we are assured with regard to safety and the westerly alternate their interests
and ours are the same.
Access:  If the highway is expanded in its current course it will remain lined with
many points of access. While entering  vehicles will not be allowed to cross the
highway in most locations, we will have to enter a stream of traffic at increased
speeds. With the highway's current condition, speeds in our area average 50 +
mph. Speeds on an expanded section in our neighborhood would no doubt be much
higher. On the westerly 4N there is but one access to address in the entire course,
that of Carey road.  On the existing course the same section will yield thirty plus
access points and the complex intersection of Carey, Friendship, and Jones roads.
Some of these could be grouped together but only at the human expense of ever
widening easements.
Curvature: The curvature of the highway at two points in our neighborhood is
legendary, both bends have confirmed IriTIs assigned to them. Even with your best
efforts to strike a balance between safety and property loss an expanded highway
along the current course will stall be much less straight than could be achieved with
the westerly Alt 4N .

Our second objection to expanding the highway in its current location is the human
and economic impact. As I stated earlier we feel that all of the  40 some habitable
structures along the current highway will be negatively affected by expansion in
place. It is obvious that many will actually have to be removed completely, but
many others will remain,  only with less of a buffer between them and a louder more
invasive roadway.  There  are widespread concerns about the damage to the
property values of those whose homes will remain.  Most of these structures
represent a life's investment to those who live there. Many of our members have
lived in this community all their Eves.  Some have invested recently with
assurance that the new highway would go around our village. After all, there is an
overpass waiting to the west for the new road, and it has been there for twenty
years as evidence of the future course of 113. Many of our members live
comfortable lives here, but given only fair value for their holdings would be on
assistance forevermore. Our community makes sense, the architecture of our
village tells the story of a community that grew over time.  Broadening the current
road will reduce this sensible village to a row of houses on one side of a high-speed
thoroughfare.  Instead of an eclectic community, a new kind of rural ghetto will
remain. We would welcome the opportunity to talk with the persons who are doing
your human impact study before they submit their findings.
                               'VI-"29

-------
On the westerly 4N there are no homes to displace, no community to destroy. The
vast majority of the yet to be purchased easement is open farmland, owned by many
of the same people who would seek to preserve their homes by the old road.  The
State would likely have little trouble negotiating purchases for the western route's
required easements. On the other hand I can assure the SHA that I have spoken
to no one who welcomes an offer for their holdings along the current road. While I
am sure some among us can be bought, none are planning to go cheaply, and few
will sell without a fight. The westerly Alt 4N is going to be the least expensive
route as well as the most humane.

Of course we are hoping that our efforts are unnecessary. When we look over the
map with all of our homes labeled and compare it to the emptiness of the land
proposed for Alt 4N it seems just a matter of common sense to go around us.
Unfortunately,  we are all too aware that common sense guides little of what we do
today, it steers little of our values and less of our political world. We have decided
to keep after this issue until we get clear confirmation that the westerly alternate
4N is the route that will be used for our area of concern.

As to our request for a meeting, a week night would be best, we have been offered
one of the community's churches  on any, Tuesday, Thursday or Friday. If
necessary we could probably find a suitable location for a Monday or Wednesday as
well.  We would like to meet as soon as possible allowing for ten days notice to our
membership.  In addition to our primary concerns for the placement of the new road
we would like to get from your offices and discuss at this meeting the latest plans
for the intersections within the area we are concerned with. Principally, Carey Rd.
& Alt 4N.  Carey, Friendship and Jones roads with an Alt 3N expansion. Also the
plans for dealing with the two ends of the old 113 when Alt 4N is employed.

Please feel free to copy and distribute this letter as you feel appropriate
Sincerely,
         Vice President
Enclosures, Photos from Jan. 25th Meeting.
            Partial Member list
                                VI-30

-------
 Friendship Community Association
 		Household Memberships—-
                         Member Roster
 NAME
 ADDRESS
PHONE    # PERSONS
' Babcock, Steve

 Bartz, Rose

 Bowen, Gail

xBowen, Lorenzo

 Bowen, Marcella

 Bowen, Shirley

'Carey, Roland

 Casteel, Alice

'Cathell,  Norman Sr.

 Cathell, Norman Jr.

xGumpper, William

-Hastings, Calvin

 Malone, Ronald

 Manry, Randy

•-Mason, Reggie
              v
'•Mitchell, Harry J.

 Pennington, Michael

 Pennington, Paul

 Pennington, Richard

 Reister, H. Clay

 Rickards, Ron
 11143 Worcester Hwy.

10602 Friendship Rd.

100305 Huckelberry La.

10445 Worcester Hwy.

10027 Huckleberry La.

 10421 Worcester Hwy.

10254 Carey Rd.

 10424  Worcester Hwy.

 10711 Worcester Hwy.

 10701 Shadey Drive.

 10705 Worcester Hwy.

 10688  Worcester  Hwy.

 10706  Worcester Hwy.

 11106  Worcester  Hwy.

 10512 Worcester Hwy.

 10511  Worcester Hwy.
          •
 10143 Three Penny La.

 10210  ThreePenny La.

 10124 Three Penny La.

 10577 Worcester  Hwy.

 10413 Jones Rd.
           VI-31
 6410227

629-1415

641-0577

641-1732

641-3941

641-4472

641-2538

641-2044

641-0778

641-2371

641- 2533

 641-2184

 641 1217

641-9849

 641- 2019

 641-1530

641-3197

 641-0886



 641-7446

 641-2230
1

2

5

6

2

2

 2

 2

 3

 4

 2

 2

 2

 4

 2

 2

 4

  2

  2

  5

  2

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  Friendship Community Association Member Roster
  Ruth, Helen



  Smith, Marvin



  Squares, Roy
10494 Worcester Hwy.




 10494 Worcester Hwy.




 10498 Worcester Hwy.
^Wainwright, Madeline  10632 Worcester Hwy.



  White, Bob           10358 Carey Rd.



^xWidic, Frank          10478 Worcester Hwy.



  Vach, Richard         10746 Worcester Hwy.



  	Associated Member Churches -




  Temple Bat Yam        11021 Worcester Hwy.



  Trinity Episcopal Church  6190 Ocean Pines



  Calvary Christian Chapel   11020 Worcester Hwy.
641- 2560
641-2560
641-2165
641-2173
641-0370
641-0744
213-0898
2

1
1
2
2
3
                           213-2806 /  524-6900




                            641-8708 / 208-6992




                            835-2307
                                VI-32

-------
                    is
                                              Au-
                           1*1 -we
2--BATYI4M.,
      -THfe.

-------

-------
          Mary/and Department of Transportation
          State Highway Administration
                                    •             .' ปS,Y,  ..
                                        February 28,1997
David L. Winstead
Secretary
Parker F. Williams
Administrator
 Mr. H. Clay Reister, IV
 Vice President
 Friendship Community Association
 10143 Three Penny Lane
 Berlin MD 21811

 Dear Mr. Reister:

 Thank you for your letter on behalf of the Friendship Community Association regarding US 113
 in Worcester County.  We appreciate your concern and involvement in our study and we hope
 to work closely with the association throughout the development of this project.

 As you requested, we have scheduled a meeting with your group on Thursday, March 13 at 5
 p.m. The goals of this meeting will include developing a better understanding of the issues at a
 community level, to create a working relationship between SHA and the Friendship Community
 Association, and to develop the project in  a way that best suits the community and addresses
 the issues at hand.

 At last year's Alternates Public Workshop  Meeting at Berlin Middle School, we presented four
 alternatives north of Berlin (see attached map): the No-Build Alternative, the Transportation
 Systems Management (TSM) Alternative,  which includes improvements to the existing roadway
 without major alteration of the roadway cross-section, Alternative 3N, which proposes
 dualization of US 113 to a four-lane cross-section along the existing roadway and Alternative
 4N, which provides for a four-lane section mostly on a new location. Also discussed at this
 meeting were Alternative 4N Options A and B which showed the possibility for other options on
 alignments under consideration.

 Following the Alternates Public Workshop, more detailed studies of the alignments began.  Our
•planning  process mandates that we study all reasonable and applicable alternatives that satisfy
 the purpose  and need of the project Alternatives undergoing more detailed study included the
 TSM Alternative, Alternative 3N and Alternative 4N Modified. Alternative 4N Modified was
 developed by combining the Alternative 4N with the Option A and Option B alignments that
 were shown  at the Public Workshop. In the Friendship area the dualization alternatives being
 considered include Alternate 3N along the existing  roadway and Alternative 4N Modified.
 Alternative 4N Modified is being considered to the west of the existing road through the already
 graded interchange area at MD 90 and then follows the 4N Option A alignment to tie back into
 the  existing roadway south of Racetrack Road (MD 589).
                                    VI-35
                         Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech
                                1-800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free

                     Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
                 Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202
                                                                                                \
                                                                                               v

-------
Mr. H. Clay Reister, IV
Page Two
These alternatives were developed in detail. Information was gathered to analyze the impacts
associated with each alternative. The impacts to residences, community facilities, and local
businesses were assessed. An analysis of historic and archeological resources was
conducted.  The study also includes consideration of impacts to wetlands, farmland, floodplains,
water resources, vegetation and wildlife. Study results are compiled in a Draft Environmental
Impact Statement (DEIS) which will be made available for public review prior to the public
hearing.

A Location/Design Public Hearing for this project is tentatively scheduled in the Spring. At this
hearing we will present the results of our studies and will take public testimony.  Subsequent to
this hearing, we will select a preferred alternative and complete a Final Environmental-impact
Statement (FEIS).  The FEIS will include a conclusive reasoning for selecting the preferred
alternative based on the studies.

Public involvement with groups such as yours encompasses a large portion of our study
process. All letters and testimony at the public hearing will be included in the FEIS and do
influence the conclusions of the study. All members of your association have been added to
our mailing list so that everyone will receive updates and information on the project.

Again, thank you for your comments and involvement in the project. I look forward to meeting
with on March 13.  If you have any questions please call me at (410) 545-8514  or toll free at 1-
800-548-5026.

                                        Very truly yours,

                                        Louis H. Ege, Jr.
                                        Deputy Director
                                        Office of Planning and
                                        Preliminary Engineering
                                  by:
                                        R. Suseela Rajatr
                                        Project Manager
                                        Project Planning Division
Attachment
cc:    Mr. Donnie Drewer (w/incoming and attachment)
                                   VI-36

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                                                       Alternatives still under consideration:
                                                                   . Alternative 3N
                                                              "ซ55=ป Alternative 4N (Modified)
                                                       NOTE: Alternative alignments shown at the public hearing
                                                       and dropped from consideration are not highlighted
                                         ALTERNATIVE 4N
>ซOr:   ^ALTERNATIVE 3N fWff%ป
*      •      ^"•  >•   -\\*
                  ALTERNATIVE 4N
                      OptionB
                                                                            ^W>    *,
                                                 ALTERNATIVE 4N
                                                    Option A
                        [ALTERNATIVE 4N
                                                      TERNATIVE 3N L^/j
                                                          US 113 PLANNING  STUDY
                                                               Preliminary
                                                              Alternatives
                                                          NORTHERN STUDY AREA
 — — Dualfeatfon on Exฃsซng Alignment
• ••••• DuaCzationonNawAltaronent

-------
          Maryland Department of Transportation
          State Highway Administration
                                         February 12,1997

                                  RE:   Project No.: WO720B11
                                         US 113 Improvements from Snow Hill
                                         to the Delaware State Line
                                         Public Involvement
David L. Winst.
Secretary
Parker F. Willia
Administrator
Dear Sir/Madam:

       The Maryland State Highway Administration (SHA) is currently conducting a study to improve US 113
from Snow Hill to the Delaware State Line. To comply with the President's Executive Order, 12898: Federal
Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low Income Populations (EO), the SHA
is attempting to locate minority and low income groups in the study area shown on the enclosed map. Under
this EO, "minority" is defined as Black (non-Hispanic), Hispanic, Asian American, American Indian and
Alaskan native.  "Low income" is defined as those with income levels below the Department of Health and
Human Services poverty guidelines.

       By identifying their locations, the SHA can determine if any of our proposed alternates would have a
disproportionately adverse impact on these groups. If such would be the case, the SHA would attempt to
minimize or avoid potential impacts to these groups. Also, the EO mandates consultation with these groups in
the development of projects with environmental impacts.

       We would appreciate your assistance in informing your congregation about the project and our concern
with this issue. We are asking for your help in identifying tlie locations of homes in which minority or low
income people reside. There will be a Public Hearing in the spring of this year; however, the SHA wants to
provide the opportunity for meetings with the minority or low income groups prior to this time to address any
questions and concerns they may have regarding the project. Please contact me at 410-545-8514 or toll-free at
 1-800-548-5026 with any information you may have regarding this matter. Thank you very much for your
assistance.

                                          Very truly yours,

                                          Louis H. Ege, Jr.
                                          Deputy Director
                                          Office of Planning and
                                          Preliminary Engineering
                                    By:
                                           R. Suseela Rajan
                                           Project Manager
                                           Project Planning Division
                                        VI-38
                           Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech
                                 1 -800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free
                     Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
                Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202

-------
lion Baptist Church
ton Avenue
vHillMD  21863
Mt. SJartf&aptist Church
Line Road
Pocomoke City MD 21851
ws Parish House .
ist Market Street
         21863
an City Baptist Chapel
 I. Division Str.eeJL	
an City MD  21842
 Collins Temple Church
^6009_CastIe Mil Road
"Snow Hill MD21863""
chef the Holy Spirit
m City MD 21842
iohn African Methodist Episcopal
Cedar Street
smoke City MD 21851
 St. John's AME Church
 PO Box 357
 Bishopville MD  21813
-ch of Christ
Jraham Avenue
nMD 21811
 ams AME Church
 6 Williams Church Road
 JarkMD 2.1841
  Glorious Church of the Lord Jesus Christ
  609 Young Street
  Pocomoke City MD  21851
 in Ocean City Church of God
 2 Sinepuxent Road
 linMD 21811
th Fellowship of God
)50 Plantation Road
DewellMD 21817
  Glad Tidings Assembly of God
  Pocomoke City MD 21851
                                    VI- 39

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Ocean City Worship Center
Assembly of God
41 Briarcrest Drive
 ~>cean City MD  21842
 Faith Baptist Churoh
 10514 Race Track Road
 Berlin MD 21811
Calvary Chapel Christian Center
10959 Worcester Highway
Berlin MD  21811
First Baptist Church
204 Fourth Street
Pocomoke City MD 21851
 First Baptist Church
 613 Williams Street
-Berlin MD 21811
Snow Hi|J.Christian Church
Kay Street & Park Row
Snow Hill MD  21863
First Baptist Church Sunday School
202 Market Street
Pocomoke City MD 21851
 Lynnhaven Baptist Church
 1200 Lynnhaven Drive
 Pocomoke City MD 21851
Church of God of Prophecy
Ocean City Blvd.
Berlin MD 21811


Pentacostal Baptist Church
519 S. Main Street
Berlin MD 218J1


Whaleysville United Methodist Church
11716 Sheppard's Crossing
A/haleysville MD 21872
 Pitts Creek Baptist Church
 Cedar Hall Road Extended
 Pocomoke City MD 21851
 St. Matthew Baptist Church
 Bishopville MD 21813 '
 Spence Baptist Church
 7603 Spence Church Road
 Snow Hill MD 21863
                                      VI-40

-------
                       f'-,
 Ionia Church
 Voting Streets
 lokeCityMD 21851
First Baptist Church of Gfrd/etree
Taylor Landing Road
Girdletree MD 21829
 nited Methodist Church
 3reekRoad
 wille MD 21813
_iunity ChurcJx	„
__Race Track Road
 . Pines MD 21842
Curtis United Methodist Church
BishopvHIe MD 21813_1  ^ V
 notGod
 ngton Street
 Hill MD -21863
 m United Methodist Church
 i Street
 lokeCityMD 21851
 St. James United Methodist Church
 St. James Road            :
 Pocomoke City MD 21851
 j| United Methodist Church
 ower Street
 MD  21811
 Stevenson United Methodist Church
 123 N. Main Street
 Berlin MD 21811
  viile United Methodist Church
  ; Road
  MD 21811
 Trinity United Methodist Church
 1423 Unionville Road
 Pocomoke City MD 21851
                                   VI-41

-------
lary the Virgin
rd Street
ocomoke C'rty MD 21851
Paul's By The Sea Episcopal Chuch
302 N. Baltimore Avenue
Ocean City MD  21842
aul's Parish House
erlinMD 21811
St. George Greek Orthodox Church
8805 Coastal Hwy.
Ocean City MD  21842
 Ighway Holiness Church
 Dpewell Road
  pewellMD 21817
Miracle Deliverance Tabernacle
1443 Ocean Hwy.
Pocomoke City MD 21811
 :. James Holiness Church
 "ghton Avenue
 now Hill MD 21863
Snow Hill Deliverance Center
108 Steven Street
Snow Hill MD 21863
 nrist Church United
 349 Snow Hill Road
 now Hill MD 21863
New Testament Tabernacle
105 Front Street
Pocomoke City MD 21851
                                     VI-42

-------
•ah's Witnesses
Street
 MD 21811
St. Peter's Lutheran Church
10301 Coastal Hwy.
Ocean City MD 21842
Srove Mennonite Church
 onite Road
•nokeCityMD 21851
-Ocean City Mennonite Church,
 11811 Ocean Gateway.   _
 Ocean City MD 21842
 5 Methodist Church
 4. Washington Street
 '/Hill MD "21863""
 Cool Springs United Methodist Church
 Onley Road
 GirdietreeMD 21829
 lezer United Methodist Church
 is Street
         21863
  Friendship United Methodist Church
  Friendship Road
  Friendship MD  21811
 letree United Methodist Church
 5 Snow Hill Road
 letree MD 21829
   Mt Wesley Church
   Scotland Road
   Snow Hill MD 21863
                                   VI-43

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lew Bethel United Methodist Church
Sermantown & Trappe Road
erlinMD 21811
New Bethel United Methodist Church Part
Germantown & Trappe Road
Berlin MD 21811
it John's Methodist Church
739 Lewis Road
erlinMD 21811
St. Matthew's Church
Cherrix Rod
BoxironMD 21829
 "ซalem Bethany United Methodist Church
 nd Street
 'ocomoke City MD 21851
 Shiloh Methodist Church
 2655 Worcester Hwy.
 Pocomoke City MD 21851
 ^atcoat United Methodist Church
 02 West Federal Street
 •rtow Hill MD 21863
 Wilson United Methodist Church
 Bishopville MD 21813
 'ocomoke Church of the Nazarene
 JS 13 & Old Virginia Road
 'ocomoke City MD 21851
 Arcadia Bible Church
 403 Market Street
 Pocomoke City MD 21851
                                     VI-44

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ot Ministries, Inc.
rcester Street
 CityMD 21842
Victory Worship Center
701 Ocean Hwy.
Pocomoke City MD 21851
Jerusalem Holy Church
~vlarkerstreef~
 Hill MD 21863
 Pentecostal Church of God Llncolnjnc;
 j^Uo Out oirssi--       — -   . - ~
 Pocomoke City MD 21851
 noke Worship Center
 /illow Street
 noke CityMD 21851
  Calvary Pentecostal Church
  RT113N
  Bishopville MD 21813
 Corinthians Holiness Church
 n Ay & Banks Street
 -nokeCityMD  21851
  Refuge Temple Revival Center
  RT12
  Stockton MD 21864
  ingham Presbyterian Church
   Main Street
  iMD 21811
   First Presbyterian Church
   13th Street & Phila. Avenue
   Ocean City MD  21842
                                     VI-45

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kemie Memorial Presbyterian Church
5 Franklin Street
owHillMD 21863
Pitts Creek Presbyterian Church
210 Market Street
Pocomoke City MD 21851
 hobeth Presbyterian Church
• 1 Box 184
.•hobeth MD 21857
. Luke's Catholic Church
 Oth Costal Hwy.
seanCityMD 21842
 St. Andrew's Catholic Church
 14401 Sinepuxent Avenue
 Berlin MD 21811
 . Mary's Star of the Sea Catholic Church
 )8 Baltimore Avenue
 ceanCHyMD 21842
  Pocomoke City Seventh-Day Adventist C
  US 13 & US 113
  Pocomoke City MD 21851
 tlantic United Methodist Church
 altirnore Ave & 4th Street
 •ceanCityMD 21842
  Bethany United Methodist Church
  8648 Stephen Decatur Hwy.
  Berlin MD 21811
                                     VI-46

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ny United Methodist Women
larket Street
nokeCityMD 21851
Bishopville Methodist Church
Main Street
Bishopville MD 21813
-ry United Methodist Church
nireMD 21811
                                     VI-47

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        Maryland Department of Transportation
        State Highway Administration
David L. Wir
Secretary
Parker F. Wi
Administrator
                                        February 24, 1997
Mr. Robert Hulburd
Nationwide Insurance
Suite 4          ....   ~" _
10776 Gray's Corner Road
Berlin MD 218
            ,/
Dear Mr

       Thank" 'you for your recent notes regarding the US 113 project in Worcester County.
We certainly appreciate your efforts and support in working with the community and the
elected officials.

      The Location/Design Public Hearing for this project is tentatively scheduled forjate
May.  As soon as the date is finalized we will let you know. Currently we are meeting with
the State and Federal environmental agencies to address their concerns and issues in order to
meet our compressed project schedule.

        You inquired  if you could do anything else to bring the importance of this project to
the attention of the Federal legislators. It would be helpful to have other interested citizens
write directly to the appropriate Federal officials expressing support for the project.  In the
future, we will carbon copy you when we write to the local elected officials regarding the
US 113 project.

      Again,  thank you for your comments and support for the project. We will keep you
abreast of our progress.  If you have any questions or need any information on this project,
please feel free to call me or Mr. Neil Pedersen, our Director of Planning and Preliminary
Engineering, who may be reached at (410) 545-0411.
                                        Sincerely,  /
                                         ?arker F. Williams
                                        Administrator

cc:    Mr. Neil J. Pedersen, Director, State Highway Administration
                                   VI- 48
                     My telephone number is _
                       Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech
                             1 -800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free
                 Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
            Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202

-------
RPR 11'97 09'-19 FR KCI UPDS
                                          410 316 7853 TO 94103331105
P.01
                                                                    10 North Pปrk Drive
                                                                    HuntVilty.MD 21030-1888
                                                                    (410)316-7800

                                                                    FaxNumber
                                                                    (410)316-7817
 April 10.1997	—-.	~  —   --

 Mr. Wade Taylor, Assistant Director
 Worcester County Office of Emergency Services                                        .
 Courthouse, Room L-14
 1 West Market Street                                                                 -~
 Snow Hill, MD 21863

 Dear Mr. Taylor:

 Subject: Emergency service accessibility concerns regarding proposed roadway improvements to
         US 113 between Snow HJll and the Delaware State Line
        --KCI-j0b Nianber. 01-96116D

" AsaconsuUanYtotheMary^^
 assessing potential socioeconomic environmental impacts for a Draft Environmental Impact
 slSr^ntiofme above referenced project.  Per our conversation yesterday, I am enclosmg a
 description of the proposed alternatives for your reviewand am requesting your input to determine
 how emergency services and responses times to emergencies located in the project smdy areanugto
~be"affS Jnoem hi been expressed by some of the regulatory agencies reviewing th* project
 that response times would increase because of a median incorporated into most of the alternates
  under consideration.
  Thank you for your cooperation and assistance. Please respond to me in writing ante> above
  address.  If you have any questions or need additional informaaon, please call me at (410) 316-
  7865.

". Sincerely."
  Steve Linhart
  Environmental Planner

  enclosure
                                      VI- 49
                                     KQ TECHNOLOGIES. INC

                                    ENGINEERS *nd PLANNERS
                                                                        **
                                                                                 PAGE. eat

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      Maryland Department of Transportation
      State Highway Administration
                                                 David L. Winste;
                                                 Secretary

                                                 Parker F. Willian
                                                 Administrator
fUlEMORANDUM


TO:
 FROM:


 DATE:

 SUBJECT:
Mr. Louis H. Ege, Jr.
Deputy Director                    ...     _i;_	;_	„;..
Office of Planning and
Preliminary Engineering

ft. Suseela Rajan
Project Manager _.

April 15,1997

 Meeting with Friendship Community Association for the US 113
 Planning Study
 On March 13 Sue Rajan, Donnie Drewer, Lorraine Strow, and Cathy Maner met with
 the Friendship cLmUrty Association to expiain the project to them and *J*pan
 unHeLndina of their concerns. The community of Friendsh.p is located just north of
 Berlin In the vicinity of the US 113 interchange with MD 90. In addition to Mr. M.chael
 penns^ton, President, and Mr. H. Clay Reister, Vice-President of the assoc,at,on,
 approximately 40 citizens attended the meeting.


 exa^


  ™mSrP|nssu*s wh4 must be reconciled, so some ^edule changes can somet,mes
  be^xoected  A location design hearing is tentatively scheduled for mid-June and at
  ftat fee we wm 6e taking comments for the public record. A Draft^nv.ronmenta
  impad Statement (DEIS) is being developed and will be available before the publ,c
  hearing. The contents and purpose of the DEIS were explained.

  The alternatives'being considered in the Friendship area were explained. Alternative
  ^ proves duatolon along the existing roadway and displaces ™^?™es and
  ona business in the 2 6 mile section between Berlin and MD 589. Alternative 4N
  foTow™ alignment to the west of the existing US 113 and ties back ,n  w, h the
   existing road near its intersection with MD 589. This align men doe s^no require any
   displacements, however it has a more significant impact on natural resources.
                                 VI-50  —	'	"
                     Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech
                     •      1-800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free
                Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 . Baltimore,  MD 21203-0717
            Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street  • Baltimore, Maryland 21202

-------
 The citizens emphasized that the road is unsafe and improvements are extremely
 neLssarV  The study team explained the many impacts that the study is addressing
 and also explained that alternatives for implementing improvements along the existing
 road are always addressed by our planning studies. The citizens expressed a strong
 opposition to Alternative 3N since it displaces so many residences m their town   They
 were di Splinted that SHA did not identify Alternative 4N Modified as our preferred
7-alternative. -•-••™—•---—^^-~-..--—•,. .	:.•;__ . -~-T=-=TT—~r-- -ri-	^—r. .-.. .'—-rr=s?.-;.-i ..'  •—•--, -  :..-—s?~-,.~.-^,ฑฑ

^The residents also inquired about access controls that would be in place if Alternative
 4N were implemented  Access to Alternative 4N would be controlled with access points
 only at major intersections. The existing US 113 would become a local servjcejpad
 wrth lower speeds. The service road design would prevent people from cuttmg-through
 the Friendship area instead of using theTTew US 113 alignment.  Once the pro}ect ,-••
 progresses into design, SHA will work with the citizens to design the access controls in
 a way that is suitable to the town.
  These minutes are based on the interpretation of the writer. Jf you
  questions or comments please call Mrs. Sue Rajan, Project Manager at (410) 545-8514
  or Ms. Catherine Maher, Project Engineer at (410) 545-8544.
                                 by:
                               
-------
          :52PM Sm POMINISTRATOR 410 333 1586
            OCEAN PINES ASSOCIATION, INC
            \Jlrrj Al*   •".	  	     M-rviand 21811 • (410) 641
          239 OCMB P*Aw*v
The Hcnoiable Parrw Gl
100 State Circle
Annapolis, MD 21401
Dear Governor Gle
 to niks that work a high priori
                             Pinei • Berlin, V^toad 21811 • (410) 641-7717
                                                    ftECEIV]
  CO!
: Ocซaป Pines Board of Directors,
                                        Sincerely,
                                                           U
                                         OPAPtesident
                          Vl-51a

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    Maryland Department of Transportation
  /•The Secretary's Office
                                       April 25, 1997
                                                               Parris N. Gfenderar
                                                               Governor
                                                               David LWinstead
                                                               Secretary
                                                               John D. Poresrf
                                                               Deputy Secretary
Mr. Richard P. Brady   _=_		   ._.-"       ,„.	_...   _."._„_,'_- _U   _. ,'_L__.
President
Ocean Pines Association, Inc.
,239 Ocean Parkway                                               .       ,     :___.  ....
2700 Ocean Pines
Berlin MD  21811  -

Dear Mr. Brady:

       Thank you for your recent letter to Governor Glendening regarding the support from
the Ocean Pines community for the dualization of US 113 from Berlin to the Delaware State
Line. The  Governor asked me to respond on his behalf.
            US 113 project is one of the top priorities by the State Highway Administration
 (SHA) and has been placed on an expedited schedule.. Coordination with the yanous Federal
 and State agencies is underway to meet the project schedule.  A Location/Design Public   ^
 Hearing, to identify a proposed and alternative for improvements, is scheduled for mid-June.
 In the meantime, SHA is also looking at interim improvements to address the safety
 problems along this road.

      -Again, thank you for your letter.  The Governor appreciates hearing from you and on
 his behalf, I also thank you for the interest which prompted you to write.  If you need
 additional information regarding this matter, please do not hesitate to call Mr. Neil      .
 Pedersen, SHA's Director of Planning and Preliminary Engineering, who may be reached at
 (410)545-0411.
                                         Sincerely,
  cc:
                                DavidL. Winstead
       •                         Secretary

Mr. Neil J. Pedersen, Director, State Highway Administration
Mr. Parker F. Williams, Administrator, State Highway Administration
                                Vl-51b

                        My telephone number is (410)
                                       865-1000
                                 TTY For the Deafc (410) 865-1342
                Post Office 0ox 87S5. BaffimoreAWasWngton International Airport. Maryland 21240-0755

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                                      41Q 333 1586
                                                                          P.3/12003
Chairperson: 3udj Bogcs
Vice Chairpenoi:
Barbara Beaubfea
Recording Secretary:
Marie Vefone
ComopoHifing Secretary;
DiaoaPanwII
Trtamren  .  )
Teresa Haxmncrbtcber
Htnariam
8ctiy?can

Committee Chairpcnoai
Legislation & Advocacy:  f
Teresa Hammerbicherj
 ffJ*Q^P|^^f^jp^.         I
Baiisara Trader      *
Judy Baejs
Public Ififor0un*oa;
Jo Canxpbdl
Tcratt Hammerbadwr
Health:
Barbara Beaubiea

Other ComraUiioiien:
Helen Flihcr
BID Gray  _. :
Helena Hetuun
Karen Hokk
Pamela McCabe
 inicm Klchord
   . •  • -.ป
      X . •  .
                        COMMISSION FOR. WOMEN
                                 POST OFFICE BOX 59
                                BISHOPVILLE,MD 21813
                                                                     April 3, 1997
•The Hon. FarrbGiendenning
 Governor of Maryland
 State-Some
 Annapolis, MD 21401*

     Governor Gfc
                                                                    APR  8  1997
                                                                 OF
       The Worcester Coonty Commission tor Women nrges you to
 prioritize landing and expedite the duinzatinn of Route 113 Jn
 Worcester County.   '                      •         ,,  .
    '   Seventy pei^le have lort their fives in automobile accidents
 oo thfe road since 1977, twenty-two of whom have^ been killed
 withinthelastfiixyears.                           .
    ,   We strancfy support dualization to make this major highway
 Jt tbrttedSLa of^Worcester County, and fndeed^or all those
 wiiii tasel to the Eastern Shore to eujoy the beach sad mr ™>nv
 recreational activities. '

                          Sincerely,
                                               Judith O>
                                                Chairpersoo
                    RECEIVED
                        i
                               'S OFFICE
                                    VI-51C
         Phone: (voice mai
                        iaiO 219-1895 Fax: (410) 2SW967 E-maU: iofiseigecotopics
                                                                            i.com

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    Maryland Department of Transportation
    The Secretary's Office
                                       April 24, 1997
                                                                Parris N. Gtendenint
                                                                Governor
                                                                David LWlnstead
                                                                Secretary

                                                                John D. Porcarl
                                                                Deputy Secretary
Ms. Judith" O. Boggs             . ~" ;   , ~"-y  J_   ~       	_'^y  -J_:'"'"-^^'-Ziir^.
Chairperson
Worcester County Commission for Women
P.O. Box 59
Bishopville MD 21813    ~                                                       ~~

Dear Ms. Boggs:

       Thank you for your letter to Governor Glendening regarding your request to prioritize
funding and to expedite the dualization of US 113 in Worcester County.  The Governor
asked me to respond on his behalf.

 	The number of fatalities occurring along this stretch of US  1.13 is of great importance
to us  The State Highway Administration (SHA) has identified the US 113 project as one of
the top priorities and has placed it on an expedited-schedule. Coordination^ witiUhe vanous.,
Federal and State agencies is underway in order to  meet the project schedule.  The
Location/Design Public Hearing is scheduled for mid-June.  The SHA is also looking at
interim improvements  to make this a safer road.                                   	

	Again7-thank you for your letter.  The Governor appreciates hearing from you and,
 on his behalf, I also thank you  for the interest which prompted you to write.  Jf you need
 additional information regarding this matter, please do not hesitate to contact Mr. Parker F.
 Williams, State Highway Administrator,  at (410) 545-0400 or his Director of ™u™og and
 Preliminary Engineering, Mr. Neil Pedersen, who  may be reached at (410) 545-0411.
                                         Sincerely,
  cc:
         .:,.-_.          -    David L. Winstead
                                 Secretary

Mr. Neil J. Pedersen, Director of Planning and Preliminary Engineering, State
  Highway Administration                               . .    .
Mr. Parker F. Williams, Administrator, State Highway Administration
                                     Vl-51d
                        My telephone number is (410)
                                                865-1000
                                 TTY Forthe Deaf. (410) 865-1342
                Post Office Box 8755, Baffirrare/Wasrungton International Airport, Maryland 21240-0755

-------

-------
Mr. Robert Zepp
US 113 frcm MD 394 to Delaware
US 113 stuay^- purpose
Page Two
FIB In ftQneurrpp^
                feปmment pป'ป* Hera- Piimnsft and Need, fitC.
Please
             one:
            Concur (without comments)

            Concur (comments attached)

            Do not concur (comments attached)
                                             Date
                                VI-52

-------
                              3-.ESD'
215 537 1850   P.B2.
                                    :
                              ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                           - .  - -'   REGION HI       "  .
                           ' ••' -841 Chestnut Building
                          Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-4431
                                                   DEC -1 4 1995
Mr. Joseph R.  Kresslein                           	_..,_            _„,
Assistant  Division Chief •             ___  '
Project Planning Division
Maryland State Highway Administration
P.O. Box 717
Baltimore,  MD  21203-0717

Dear Mr. Kresslein:

     This  letter is in response to your request for concurrence on the
Purpose and Need Statement for the US 113 Study.  Upon reviewing the
purpose and Need Statement dated in your November 3, 1995 letter, we c
•concurtto  the statement as currently presented.

     Our reasons are based on the following:

*    The Purpose and Need Statement should discussythe/proble^n—not'
     solutions—such as "dualization" of US 113.  The alternatives ana
     stage will discuss the solutions, like dualization, to the proble

     in this case/ the Purpose and Need Statement states that "overall
     safety11 needs to be improved.  While there have been spot improve
     to address the safety issues, it appears that there has not been
     follow up regarding how successful or unsuccessful the improvemer
     hava  been.  'Studies'or analysis of 'the spot .improvements will .nee
     be.,conducted in -order to'address the safetyjissue,

     The Purpose and Need Statement discusses the number of accidents
     have  occurred along US 113 in the study area.  Numerous comparisc
     have  been made between various segments in the study area to the
     statewide average.  In some cases the Statement quotes the state*
     averages, and in others it does not.  Statewide averages should t
     included-for all .segments for consistency and comparisons i

     In general, the total accident rate is "lower than the statewide
     average, rate for similarly designed highways in each study area a
     the study areas combined"  (page  6) .  However, fatal accidents are
     higher in the northern area.  The-Purpose-and Need .Statement shot
     .provideซ'an-faccident*-map-identifying the .location -. of ,.the: fatalitie
     •year^.(season, -if;availableJ^and type .of, accident  (i.e. head-on, a
     etc.).   (See Interagency Meeting Notes, May 17, 199S.  SHA states
     accident map is available.)  This would help determine which area
     US 113 are-less safe than-others.


                               VI- 53

                      Celebrating 25 Years of Environmental Progress

-------
           12:85
EPfl REG 3 ESD
                                                      215 5S7
              .•   •    -         . •     .,:  " .         Page 2                  (

    The traffic data-rshould-. include., origin., and ..destination rinf ormation• Jb
    assess any  trends^-indicating.where.most-of~the accidents, occur.   Are
    they occurring seasonally with people travelling towards ocean City
    ("the second largest city in Maryland because  of vacations," page 24
    of Interagency Notes from 5/17/95), or are  they occurring elsewhere?

    Solutions,  such as dualization, may not necessarily  guarantee that
    fatality rates will.drop.  For example, in  the dualized section from
    Pokomoke to Snow Hill,  "...the fatality rate is slightly higher than
    the statewide average"  (page 25 of the Interagency Notes).

    In the Purpose and Need Statement, the accident data includes-a
    statistical figure using Mar in's  Upper Control Limit.  However,:
    is. no explanation why. this.figure was used. and. what it. means.

    The Traffic Summary—Average Daily Traffic—(pages 4 and 5^ of the
    Statement)  uses two different variables:  1995 ADT is calculated  for
    weekdays all vear. while the forecasted  ADT for the year 2020 is
    calculated for weekends in thซ* grammar-, .'if'is unclear ..why twor
    "different" measurements'are'used.  •-

    Under "Existing Conditions," (second paragraph) which reads: "The
    southern-portion-,---from south of Snow Hill to just south of Berlin...
              ''     ":      """'  —----   -  •  -
    Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the Purpose and Need
"ratement.  Should you have questions, please contact Mary Ann Boyer at
215)  597-3634.
                                   Sincen
                                   Roy E,
                                   NEPA Program ManaJ
                             . VI- 54
                     Celebrating 25 Years'of Environmental Progress

-------
    Maryland Department of Transportation
    State Highway Administration
David L. Wi
Secretary
Hal Kassoff
Administrator
                                   March 5,1996

                             RE:   Contract No. WO 720-101-170
                                   US 113: Snow Hill to
                                   Delaware State Line
                             :"""   ROMS No.  232084
Mr. Roy E. Denmark
NEPA Review Coordinator
US Environmental Protection Agency
Region III
841 Chestnut Building
Philadelphia PA  19107-4431                                      .

Dear Mr. Denmark:

Thank you for your letter dated December 14,1995 offering comments on the
Pu^ose and Need Statement (P+NS) for the US 113 project pbnmnjjI studyj
have attached the revised P+NS, summarized your concerns in the addendum
and prepared responses to each one.

After reviewing the following responses, I am requesting that you sign the
concurrence line provided.

 Should you have any further questions or concerns, please feel free to contact
 Joseph R. Kresslein at (410) 545-8550.

                                     Very truly yours,

                                     Louis H. Ege, Jr.
                                     Deputy Director
                                     Office of Planning and
                                     Preliminary Engineering
                                     JosejSh R. Kressl^
                                     Assistant Division Chief
                                     Project Planning Division
                           VI-55
                  Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech
                         1-800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free
              Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 . Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
         Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202

-------
Mr. Roy E. Denmark
US 113 Study
Page Two
Concurrence:
 US EnvironmentarProtection Agency
                                                   Date
 LHE:PFM

 Enclosures (5)

 cc:   Mr. LeRoy Carrigan
       Mr. Louis H. Ege Jr.
_	Mr. Joseph Kresslein
       Ms. GayOlsen
       Ms. Cynthia D. .Simpson.
       Ms. Lorraine Strow
       Mr. Alan Straus
                          VI- 56

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                               Addendum
Comment 1:

The Purpose and Need Statement should discuss the problem not solutions,
such as dualization of US 113. The alternatives analysis stage will discuss the
solutions, like dualization, to the problem(s).

The Purpose and Need states that overall roadway safety needs to be improved^
While there have been spot improvements to address the safety issues, it
appears that there has not been any follow up regarding the success of those
improvements. Studies or analysis of the spot improvements will need to be
conducted, in order to address the safety issue.

Response:  Please refer to page eight, paragraph one, BACKGROUND, of
            the revised Purpose and Need Statement and appropriate
            attachments

The Purpose and Need Statement includes a detailed discussion of the
problem(s) to be addressed, along with supporting documentation. The purpose
and need has been revised to eliminate premature discussion of study
alternatives. However, under the section on System Continuity, duaiization of
US 113 is still referred to, but only in the context of how continuity of the roadway
system beyond the project's limits would relate to the need for our study.

Analysis of the success  of the spot improvements would not be meaningful at
this time because they have not been in place long enough to fajrjy determine
effectiveness.

 It should be noted that the improvements made to the intersections at MD 610,
 MD 589, and Pitts Road were not intended to significantly improve the overall
 safety conditions in the US 113 corridor. Rather, the left turn lanes and
 acceleration and deceleration lanes were intended to improve traffic operations
 at these particular locations.

 In general, the spot improvements were designed to benefit certain areas along
 the roadway.  They should be seen as interim improvements that will improve
 particular locations until the US 113 project planning study can be developed
 and implemented.

 Comment 2:

 The Purpose and Need Statement discusses the number of accidents that have
 occurred along US 113 in the study area.  Numerous comparisons have been

                           VI- 57

-------
made between various segments in the study area to the statewide averages
and in others it does not. Statewiae averages should be included for all
segments for consistency and comparisons.

Response:  Please refer to page six, paragraph three of the revised
            Purpose and Need Statement

The Purpose and Need Statement has been revised to include, among other
'                                  "'   s
-------
"... the fatality rate is slightly higher than the statewide average" (page 25 of the
Interagency Notes).
Respopse:  Please refer to the Worksheet enclosure

SHA believes that alternatives that will physically separate opposing traffic will
decrease fatalities. This conclusion is based on research that indicates 70 /o of
fatal accidents in the northern study area occurred as a result of opposite    	
direction collisions. However, this study will include investigation of all
reasonable alternatives.

Comments:                                         .____._	_.

In the Purpose and Need Statement, the accident data includes a statistical
figure using Morin's Upper Control Limit. However there is no explanation why
this figure was used and what it means.

 Response:   Please refer to page seven, paragraph two of the revised
             Purpose and Need Statement

 Morin's Upper Control Limit was included in the Purpose and Need Statement
 because, at the April Interagency Review Meeting, the Army Corps of Engineers
 raised a question of how significance was determined and how it should be
 displayed/conveyed when discussing significantly high occurrences of certain
 accidents.

 The Purpose and Need Statement does explain that "Morin's Upper Control    ^
 defines the upper limit of the range above which a statistic becomes  significant.
 It was used to define fatalities in the northern study area as significantly higher
 than the statewide average, for similar roadways.

 Comment 7:

 The Traffic Summary-Average Daily Traffic-(pages 4 and 5 of the Statement)
  uses two different variables: 1995 ADT is calculated for wp*Mavs all year while
 the forecasted ADT for the year 2020 is calculated for wppfrpiyls m the summer.
 ' It is unclear why two different measures are used.

  Response:   Please refer to page four, IBAEE!ฃof the Purpose and Need
              Statement

  The ADT measures are represented this way to illustrate worst case scenarios.
  The companions that are being made are  1995 ADT vs^ the 2020 forecasted
  ADT, and the 1995 summer ADT vs. the 2020 forecasted summer ADT. This
                           VI-59

-------
comparison is more
Statement.

Comments:
                clearly illustrated in the Revised Purpose and Need
 north of Snow Hill... ".  ______   : _ _ ________ ___ _ _

         -  ' PteaselifeFtopage three, paragraph four of (he revised
Response-
           Purpose and Need Statement
                          VI-60

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mY-06-199S 10:39
REG 3 ESD
                                                     215 597 1E30  P. 02
               UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                               REGION III
                            841 Chestnut Building
                      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-4431
                                                    MAY 0 2 I996
  Mr.  Louis H. Ege, Jr.                                           j^
  Deputy Director
  Office of Planning and Preliminary Engineering
  Maryland State Highway Administration                       —   —
  707  North Calvert Street.,  		_.„	., ...	  ,_..._.. "...
  Baltimore/ Maryland  21203

  RE:  U.S.  113: .Snow Hill  to Delaware State Line Purpose and  Need

  Dear Mr.  Ege:                                    . •-

       These comments are  offered in response  to your revised
  Purpose and Need dated March 5, 1996 and responses to our
  December 14, 1995 comment letter for the above referenced
  project.   Based on our review,, we do not concur with the revised
  purpose and need.

       Our comments are  as follows:

  •     While we understand that the spot improvements have net been
       in place for a long time, a commitment  to assess the success
       of the spot improvements during the environmental study
       phases of the project should be addressed in the Purpcis& and
       Need.  Success or failure of the spot improvements thu^ far
       is essential information to determine future needs of  the
       project area and  to determine alternatives that could
       satisfy the purpose and need as intended by NEPA.

  •     The  Accident Maps provided with the revised purpose and need
       have no key to indicate what the letters and numbers & -.and
       for.   This should be provided so that the Maps are useful
       for  review.

  •     Page 6,  third and fourth paragraphs include accident au-id
       fatality rates,  respectively,  as compared with the statewide
       averages.   However,  as presented,  it is confusing.   Pot:
       example,  the southern and northern 113 accident rates .sre
       lower than the statewide average,  yet the last sentence of
       the  third paragraph states "Even (though) the total accident
       rate is lower than the statewide average rate for similarly
       designed highways, these figures represent a significant
       number of accidents.n  This sentence should be reworded to
       make more, sense and should include how you determine the
       value of a "significant number.n<  Paragraph four state™ when
       describing values foฑ fatality rates "This translates .'.nto a
       study rate of 4.1 fatal acc/lOOmvm compared to 3.2 fatal
       acc/lOOmvm. "  This statement should specify which rate :s a
                             VI-61

                   Celebrating 25 Tears of Environmental Progress

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I1PIY-06-199S  10:48
                      EPfl REG 3 ESD
                                                     215 597 18.50
         statewide average and which is specific  to  113.

   •     Page 9 last sentence states that "If warranted,  the MTA will
         explore Park-in-Rฃd& opportunities  in  the.future."   The
         alternates analysis in the environmental documents  should
         include' the Park-in-Ride options by itself  and in
         combination with other alternatives.   The study should
         include these options to determine  if  this  alternative could
         satisfy the purpose and need.

  ;. •	..Page 10 of.-the-purpose and heed provides .conclusions that
  _L '___". improvements jt.o....US.,._il3 would-satisfy, the problems of iheziZTl
         area.  . Providing safer roadway for  travelers,  relieving
         severe congestion through year 2020 and  reducing
         significantly high fatal-accident rates  in  the northej.-n
  -  -.—	study area are fine goals to have for  the purpose and need—~
         and environmental study.   However,  it  is premature  to
    . ,    conclude  that improvements to  US 113 is  the solution co   ~
    :     these  goals.  Providing solutions in the purpose and need
      ,   stage  of  a project constitutes a predetermination on the
        part of the state highway administration.   The revised
        purpose and need should not provide ^conclus ions to  a^ study
        that has  yet to be completed.                 -

   •   _Attachments to the purpose and need includes pie charts and
     ""—study  worksheets with information on accident  types,  under
        Collision Types in the Season/Surface/Light Collision. Types
   .„:    pie  charts Opposite Direction  shows to account for  56V of  ~
        the  collision types.   However,  in the  Accident Study
        Worksheets,  the largest number of collision type for tne
        overall Northern and Southern  study areas is fixed-obj-aet.
        To determine the problems  and  solutions  for the accident and
        fatality  rates for this project,  these figures need to be
  —:	elarifiedT"      "                               ..   - -   ,  .
             ,•"          -•     .           .   '    -   '   .....   % . • ..
        Thank you for the opportunity  to comment.   Please coatact
   Danielle Algazi at (215)  597-1168 should you have any questi.ons.„„._
   Please note  that  starting May 20th,  her  new number  will  be (215)
   566-2722.
                                      Sincerely
                                      Roy E. Denmark,
                                      NEPA Program Manage
  cc:   Michele Gomez, COE
        Bill Schultz, FWS
        Renee Sigel, PHWA
                    Celebrating 25 Tears of Environmental Progress
                              VI- 62
                                                                   TQTflL P.8"

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       MarytandDepartmentofTransportation
       State Highway Administration
                               David L. Wir
                               Secretary
                               Hal Kassoff
                               Administrator
                              RE:
June 17,1996

Contract No. WO 720-101-170
US 113: Snow Hill to the
Delaware State Line  .
PDMSNo. 232084
Mr. Roy E. Denmark                                                 •"— 	"—
NEPA Review Coordinator
US Environmental Protection Agency
Region III
841 Chestnut Building           _
Philadelphia PA  19107-4431

Dear Mr. Denmark:

Thank you for your letter dated May 2 offering comments on the Purpose and Need
Statement (P&NS) for the US 113 project planning study. Your concerns have been
summarized in the attached errata sheet and responses to each one have been
prepared. The revisions to the P&NS which you have recommended will be reflected in
the purpose and need discussion of the draft environmental document.

After reviewing the following responses, I am requesting that you sign the concurrence
line provided.

Should you have any further questions or concerns, please feel free to contact Joseph
R. Kresslein at (410) 545-8550.

                                    Very truly yours,

                                     Louis H. Ege, Jr.
                                     Deputy Director
                                     Office of Planning and
                                     Preliminary Engineering
                                     Joseph R. Kres _
                                     Assistant Division Chief
                                     Project Planning Division
                                           (410) 545-8500
                              VI-63
                      Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech
                           1-800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free
                 Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717'   ^
            Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202

-------
Mr. Roy E. Denmark
US 113 Study - Purpose and Need Statement
Page Two
 Please check one:               -   --•-

   ,...., —     Concur (without comments) —;

             Concur (comments attached)

             Do not concur (comments attached)
  US Environmental Protection Agency
                                              Date
  LHE:PFM
  cc:    Mr. LeRoy Carrigan
        Mr. Louis H. Ege Jr.
        Mr. Joseph Kresslein
        Ms. GayOlsen
        Ms. Cynthia D. Simpson
        Ms. Renee Sigel
        Ms. Lorraine Strow
        Mr. Alan Straus
                           VI-64

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                                	,,,i,'ill1111, lปi|,„!!,.,.'i!',: ''"I""
             jUlil'iM	Clillll ,


             IHEniliJB:,!!	
            	                                    in place for a long
        T	a"	commrbnent	to	assess	the success of the spot improvements during the
    ll^SJEOjinienjiJ study phases of the project should be addressed in the purpose and —
                            :	oflhe	spol	improvements thus far is essential information to
                             •'• I  _       .'"'  '.    '    ••  t  *_ 	•	 	 -_. tX_ _^.ซA!t • *&** ฃL*ซซ6 tf**Ht 1tf4
i	i	ii	n A GQ  S LI CC3S S
            determine the future" needs of the project area and to determine alternatives that could
            satisfy the purpose and need as intended by NEPA.
  ! ........ i !:!!':'..
     Response:
         [[[  iiin1    ,  .......    '  „ ,          .....           ' '•'"';,-,'     , I'1, '
       e ..... Irsl ...... pa'ragrapH ....... oTfie ....... 'gicteroun'd section, 'in the Purpose and Need Statement,
     discusses tfiaf ilrnosf all of the spot improvements will have been in place for one full
     year during tn'is summer. The State Highway Administration (SHA) agrees to study
     these improvements after they have been in place for a year and will include a
     discussion of their effectiveness in the draft environmental document. However, the
    '..', .......... i ........................................ : ...... i..' ........ 'i ............ , ........ „ ....... „ ............... i  ปi         „  ..iijit''..! ........... , ........ ฎ ............... , ...... i ..'"in,1  •ป  .   .  .  * j  ~ •    n '  ••.*ง__ ___ t. ._ S,ซ & . .21 1 ^.^J
     I")!"
     .',, Ml,
   1*
     IcIienFdata used to generate the reports and statistics used in the analysis will not be
              until tfie fall, due fai, the time necessary for the transfer of the accident reports
             responding state troopers and tiTe cornpITafidn of the information.
                               provided with the revised purpose and need have no key to indicate
     Comment 2:
     -The
     useful for review.
                           ป
                        numBers stand for. This should be provided so that the maps are
     Rgsponse:
          Sapsthatwere sent indicate the locations where all accidents occurred, during the
          iia time period: The notations that accompany the locations reflect the following
      information, in the following order  year, log mile, accident severity, collision type,
                     roadwav
      The year ana" log mile are self explanatory. Severity is denoted with an F for fatal, I for
      injury, and F> for Property Damage.  Collision type is denoted as being an opposite
     =!	"Iriiion accllni:	Ingle	incident, left turn accident, sideswipe accident, fixed object
      accident, rear end accident, collision with an animal accident, parked vehicle accident,
     	aig	iiglEIicSiS'Wpei;	which could include accidents caused by thrown objects
      slrllhg Coving wfijcles, causing drivers to lose control. Illumination is denoted N for
      night and D for day.  Roadway Surface is denoted with D for dry, W for wet and S for
        kiwi	Irid I for Ice.
        :;"™'i'n^r.^^::r™":ฑ            ,;,vi- 65
iiiir nil :iu	iiniiiM^^     	i	iiijiiipiiiiiH        	iปi i n 11 i n 11 11111 in  ii 11 nil n n a iii nl 11 n n 11111 n 111 in


-------
Mr. Roy E. Denmark
US 113 Study - Purpose and Need Statement
Page Two
Fill in concnrrence/commpnt point he

Please check one:
           *.

            Concur (without comments) -•--

            Concur (comments attached)

             Do not concur (comments attached)
 US Environmental Protection Agency
                                              Date
 LHE:PFM
 cc:   Mr. LeRoy Carrigan
       Mr. Louis H. Ege Jr.   ~
       Mr. Joseph Kresslein
   • " • Ms. GayOlsen
       Ms. Cynthia D. Simpson
       Ms. Renee Sigel
       Ms. Lorraine Strow
       Mr. Alan Straus
                          VI-64

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I-'
                                         Addendum
       Comment 1:

       While we understand that spot the improvements have not been in place for a long
       time, a commitment to assess the success of the spot ซmprovemen* dunng ttie
       environmental study phases of the project should be addressed in> the purpose.and -
       need. Success or failure of the spot improvements thus far is essentปl ^formaton to
       Setermine the future needs of the project area and to determine alternatives that could
       satisfy the purpose and need as intended by NEPA.

       Response:

       The first paragraph of the BsckarsuM section, in the  Purpose and Need Statement,
       ^S^SSS^t all oTfefeprovements will have been in place for one full
       year during this summer. The State Highway Administrate (SHA) agree*.to study
       these improvements after they have been in place for a year anci wrflinclude a
        discussion of their effectiveness in the draft environmental d<**™
        accident data used to generate the reports and statistics used ,
        available until the fall, due to the time necessary for the transfe
        from the responding state troopers and the compilation of the information.

        Comment 2:

        The accident maps provided with the revised purpose and ^ *™ ™^ * l
        what the letters and numbers stand for. This should  be provided so that the maps are
        useful for review.
         ป                                       '
        Response:

        The maps that were sent indicate the locations where all agents occurred during fte
        specified time period. The notations that accompany he ^^"^^^"^
        information, in the following order, year, log mile, accident seventy, collision type,  .
        illumination, and roadway surface.

        The year and log mile are self explanatory. Severity is denotedI wrtlranฃ ferttjU for
         Injury^ and P for Property Damage. Collision type is denoted as bemg an-WOto
         direction accident, angle accident, left turn accident
         accident, rear end accident, collision with an animal
         and other accident types, which could include accidents caused bthrown^
         striking moving vehicles, causing drivers to lose control  IM"™™*"" ป J^SS 8 tor
         night and D for day. Roadway Surface is denoted with D for dry, W for wet and S for
         snow, and I for Ice.
                                      VI- 65

-------
night and D for day. Roadway Surface is denoted with D for dry, W for wet and.Srfor
snow, and 1 for Ice.   .

Comment 3:
Page 6, third and fourth paragraphs, include accident and fatality ra






 acc/100mvm." This statement should specify which rate is a statewide average
 which is specific to US 113.

 Response
  a™rag^
  The fourth paragraph of the section entitled AssMSDiS^has ^/SoOrnvm
  reads as follows: ซ... This translates Into a study ratof 4.1[f**™™™?
  US 113, compared to the statewide average rate of 3.2 fatal acc/100mvm....

  Comment 4:
  could satisfy the purpose and need.

  Response:
   Park and Ride discussion will be eliminated from the
   as not to discuss alternatives, prematurely. However'rt60artcuar project, as
   and Ride potential and how it will affect the purpose and need of a particular p j
   a project develops.
                              VI- 66

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Comment 5:

Page 10 of the purpose and need provides conclusions that improvements to US 113
would satisfy the purpose and need.  Providing safer roadways'for travelers, relieving
severe congestion through year 2020 and reducing significantly high accident rates in
the northern study area are fine goals to have for the purpose and need and
environmental study. However, it is premature to conclude that improvements to US
113 is the solution to these goals.  Providing solutions in the purpose and need stage o
a project constitutes a predetermination on the part of the State Highway
Administration.  The revised purpose and need should not provide conclusions to a
study that has yet to" be completed.

Response:

The conclusion section of the Purpose and Need Statement will be eliminated from the
document, thus removing any implication of predetermination, on the part of the State
Highway Administration.

Comment 6:

Attachments to the purpose and need include pie charts and study worksheets with
information on accident types. Under Collision Types in the Season/Surface/Light
Collision Types pie charts, opposite direction collisions account for 56% of the accident
types. However, in the accident study worksheets, the largest number of collision type
overall for both the northern and southern portions of the study area is fixed object.  To
determine the problems and solutions for the accident and fatality rates for this project,
these figures need to be clarified.

Response:

All pie charts, supplied as supporting documentation, depict statistics related to fatal
accidents only, whereas the accident study worksheet depicts statistics related to all
accident types.
                               VI- 6?

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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENpV f; - *:
                 REGION III              .....  V'
                                                             '"••"
                            841 Chestnut Building
                      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-4431
 Louis H.  Ege, Jr.     .    •  '
 Deputy  Director
 Office  of Planning and
  Preliminary .Engineering	.__	_
—P O—-Box 717	—  	-		
 Baltimore, MD  21203-0717   .

 Attn:  Joseph R.  Kresslein

 Re:   Maryland US 113 ,  Purpose and Need


 Dear Mr. Ege:

       EPA  is  responding to  your respo:
 1996)  regarding the above  referenced
                 ___ 	^ _ j_ ^K. ^^^ ^ ^*ป ^i^^wnmon i fZ -
                                     SE?  5  3 s-
                                                               r..l JO



  you
  566-2722.
                                        Sincerely,
                                       ,anelle Algazi
                                        NEPA  Project Coordinator
                               VI-68

                     Celebrating 25 Years of Environmental Progress

-------
              UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY;. ^ -';;'. .  ..
                               REGION III             :/!T.Vr.LOr,--
                           841 Chestnut Building            D! V; o'
                     Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-4431
                                                 SEP  J  II 25 An J'J


                                     September 5,  1996
Louis H.  Ege, Jr.
Deputy  Director         —   -==,,               -——
Office  of Planning and                              ""
 Preliminary Engineering
P.O. Box 717
Baltimore, MD  21203-0717                _

Attn: Joseph R. Kresslein_

Re:  Maryland US 113,  Purpose and Need

Dear Mr. Ege:

     Thank you for the facimile that we recieved from Paul
Maloney, of Maryland State Highway Administra^^eฐnf^P
The facimile contained the revised-purpose and need for MD US
113.  EPA concurs with this version of the document.

      If you have any further questions, you can reach me  at (215)
566-2722.


                                   •  Sincerely, —
                                      Danielle Algazi
                                      NEPA Project Coordinator
                            VI-69

                    Celebrating 25 Years of Environmental Progress

-------
Mr. Roy E. Denmark
US 113 Study - Purpose and Need Statement
Page Two
'Fill in cor^rftnปft/comfpgrit point hem - Purpose and Need, -gfo,-

 Please check one:   _
             *•             '
.,„  .   ._l .....—-... Concur (without comments) _ •— _ .:-.--.• -

   j\       Concur (comments attached)

             DO not concur (comments attached)
 USJ^nvironme'ntal Protection Agency
 LHE:PFM  ~   --'
 cc:   Mr. LeRoy Carrigan
       Mr. Louis H. Ege Jr	
       Mr. Joseph Kresslein
 	   Ms. Gay Olsen
       Ms. Cynthia D. Simpson
       Ms. Renee Sige!
       Ms. Lorraine Straw
       Mr. Alan Straus
                               VI-70

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                       DEPARTMENT OF  E
                 BALTIMORE DISTRICT, U.S. A8
       REPLY TO
       ATTENTION Of
BALTIMORE, MD 21203^171^ '•"t

       DEC 15  10 ^'35
Operations Division

CENAB-OP-RX(MD SHA/US  113: MD 394  TO  DELAWARE STATE LINE)
96-00132-9
Mr. Louis H. -Ege, Jr.         ..   .1 .... .'."         ...  		_
Office of Planning  and Preliminary  Engineering
Maryland State Highway Administration
707 North Calvert Street
Baltimore,  Maryland  21203                         "_11___

Dear Mr. Ege:

    I am replying to your subject letter dated November 3, 1995,
requesting  concurrence on the Purpose and Need for the US 113
Study,  from MD 394  to the Delaware State line.  The study area is
located in  Worcester County,  Maryland.

    There  is no clear purpose and need statement in the US 113
document provided for our concurrence.  From the background
information supplied, it appears that the purpose and need is to
improve safety along the US 113 corridor from MD 394 to the
Delaware State line.  The Corps of Engineers is not opposed to
safety  improvements within the study area.  However, the Corps is
currently  unable to concur with this Purpose and Need document as
presently  stated.  Additional information is required to
determine  the cause of the problems occurring within the study
area.   The following information is requested.

    a." A statement which clearly identifies the purpose and neec
for the study corridor.  The purpose and need should be general
enough  to  allow for the development of an array of alternatives
to identify and solve the problem within the corridor.

    b.   According to the document, numerous spot improvements foi
safety have been completed within the study area.  The location
and completion dates of these improvements were not noted.
Additionally, as indicated in the background information that was
provided,  no study or statistics were completed to determine the
results of these safety improvements.  The key factor of the
purpose and need statement appears to be safety.  Therfore,
documentation regarding these improvements, such as location,
completion dates, and how well they are functioning, need to be
provided.
                          VI-71

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                              -2-
    c.   The traffic data Pided in toe document list
                                                             the
and need.
    a.  Accident information pr  Wed is  insufficient
           S#35 ?ogrrc=irenraef ohe s^  area is

higher.                      _________ _                  .       .-.„..

     e.   Dualization  of  the highway has been mentioned

purpose . jand ; ;need document a;j,5?^|i^edeThis statement is
Sf accidents, specifically fatjj^!!sibie solutions or      --- -
 inappropriate at this time as the Pฐ^s^JrSฐtage of the NEPA
 alternatives should  be  discussed at a ^^f^ose along with.
 process.  This document should ฐ^Ys^;et5e project
 during the NEPA analysis
                                                 to be
                                                           sssr
 call Ms. Michele Gomez at (410)962-4343

                            Sincerely,
                            Keith A. Harris
                            Chief, Special Projects
                               Permits Section
  cc: Mary Ann Boyer, EPA
      Bill Schultz, FWS
                          VI-72

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    Maryland Department of Transportation
    State Highway Administration
David L. W
Secretary
Hal Kassof;
Administrator
                                         March 5,1996

                                    RE:  Contract No. WO 720-101-170
                                         US 113 Snow Hill to
                                         Delaware State Line
                                       _ PDMS No.  232084	   _.'.
Mr. Keith A. Harris
Special Projects Section
U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers
P.O.Box 1715
Baltimore MD 21201

Dear Mr. Harris:

Thank you  for your letter dated December 15, offering comments on the Purpose
and Need Statement (P+NS) for the US 113 project planning study. I have
attached the revised P+NS, summarized your concerns in the addendum and
prepared responses to each one.

After reviewing the responses, I am requesting that you sign the concurrence line
provided.

Should you have any further questions or concerns, please feel free to contact
Joseph R.  Kresstein at (410) 545-8550.

                                          Very truly yours,

                                          Louis H. Ege, Jr.
                                          Deputy Director
                                          Office of Planning and
                                          Preliminary Engineering
                                          Joseph R. Kresstein
                                          Assistant Division Chief
                                          Project Planning Division
                            VI-73.
                  Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech
                        1-800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free
             Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
         Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202

-------
Mr. Keith A. Harris
US 113 Study
Page Two
Concurrence:

US Army Corps of Engineers
                                                  Date
 LHEiPFM
 Enclosures (7)

 cc:    Mr. LeRoy Cam'gan
       Mr. Louis H. Ege Jr.
       Ms. GayOlsen
       Ms. Cynthia Simpson
	_'	Mr. Alan Straus _
       Ms. Lorraine Straw
                         VI-74

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Addendum
Comment a:

[ We request ] A statement which clearly identifies the purpose and need for the
study corridor. The purpose and need should be general enough to allow for the
development of an array of alternatives to identify and solve the problem within
the corridor.       	•	"~	  	:.	•"'"•••..:. .-.^-.^...^^—^

Response:   Please refer to page three, paragraph one of the revised Purpose
             and Need Statement

The Purpose and Need Statement has been revised and a concise purpose and
 need identified.
 Comment b:

 According to the document, numerous spot improvements for safety have been
 completed within the study area. The location and completion dates for these
 improvements were not noted. Additionally, as indicated in the background
 information that was provided, no study or statistics were completed to determine
 the results of these safety improvements. The key factor of the purpose and
 need statement seems to be safety.  Therefore, documentation regarding these
 improvements, such as location, completion dates, and how well they are
 functioning need to be provided.

 Response:   Please refer to page eight, paragraph one of the revised
              Purpose and Need Statement and appropriate attachments

 A listing of the spot improvements, their locations, and their completion dates is
 provided as a supplement to this document.

 Analysis of the successfulness of the spot improvements would not be
 appropriate at this time because they have not been in place long enough to
 fairly determine effectiveness.

  It should be noted that the improvements made to the intersections at MD 610,
  MD 589, and Pitts Road were not intended to make the corridor as a whole safer.
  Rather, the left turn lanes and acceleration and  deceleration lanes at these
  locations were intended to improve traffic operations at these particular locations.

  In general, the spot improvements were designed to benefit certain spots along
  the roadway. They should be seen as interim improvements that will improve
                            VI- 75

-------
particular locations until the US 1 13 Project Planning Study can be developed
and implemented.
Comment c:
The traffic data provided in the document lists the average
the study area by the northern and southern segments ฃ ;t
information is confusing because it compares ^jtag
year round with the design year ADTs for weekend days,
The corresponding table does not facilitate understanding of the conditions and
how it supports the purpose and need.                          -—  -_.

 Response:   Ptease^fer to page four, TRAEBC, of the revised Purpose and
             Need Statement

 The ADT measures are represented to illustrate worst case scenarios • Jhe__
 companions that are being made are 1 995 ADT vs. the 2020 forecasted ADT,
 and the 1 995 summer ADT vs. the 2020 forecasted summer ADT. This
 comparison is more clearly illustrated in the Revised Purpose and Need
 Statement.
 Comment d:
  Accident information provided is insufficient as ft does
  time of the accidents, the probable cause, and th
  this information ft is not possible to determine the
  solutions.  Also, the statewide average accident rate                      rate
  highways was not provided although ft was mentioned that the total accident rate
  for the study area is higher.
  Response:  F/ease refer to page /fre, <<^^
              and Need Statement and appropriate enclosures

  An accident map and worksheet, which includes all pertinent details requested.
  ฃ prided as an attachment The Purpose and Need Statement has been
  revised to include, among other things, study rates and statewide rates for

  accident "comparisons.
   Comment e:

   Dualization of the highway has been mentioned in
   document as being needed to decrease the number of accidents
                          VI- 76

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fatalities.  This statement is inappropriate at this time as the possible solutions or
alternatives should be discussed at a later stage of the NEPA process. This
document should only state the purpose along with documentation
demonstrating the need for the project. An alternative such as dualization
should not be discussed at this. time.  The Corps will work with your office to
assist in the development of a list of potential alternatives to be discussed during
the NEPA analysis.

Response:

SHA will has eliminated from the document air reference to dualization as it
relates to alternatives to study as potential  solutions. Any remaining reference to
dualization will only be in reference to the continuity of the roadway and how this
project is affected by such continuity. SHA will not discuss alternatives—
prematurely.                                             _
                             VI-77

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                •-ป? 0 3 '* DEPARTMENT OF THE ARM Y
               dBAtTIMORE'DISTRICT, U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
               ฃyrซ7iV-'Vl-   P.O.BOX171S
                 0ป'"':   BALTIMORE, MD 21203-1715
      ATTENTION OF
Operations Division
Subject,  CENAB-OP-RXIMD SHA/U.S.  113=  MD 394 TO DELAWARE STATE
LINE) 96-00132-9
Maryland State Highway
707 North Calvert Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21203
Dear Mr. Ege:   __                "'_._.
     I  a. replying to your ^ec^ letter dated March 5,^1996.
requesting  ฐปr  =ฐnu~f ?tu
-------
                                -2-
     If  you  have any  questions  regarding  this  correspondence,
please call Ms.  Michele Gomez at (410)  962-4343.

                                    Sincerely/
                                    Keith A.  Harris
                            	$TT. . chief,.. Special. Projects
                                       Permits Section
cc: Renee Sdgel, FHWA
    Mary Ann Boyer,  EPA
    Bill Schultz, FWS
                         VI-79

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        Maryland Department of Transportation
        State Highway Administration
                          David L. Winstea
                          Secretary
                          Hal Kassoff
                          Administrator
                                    RE:
June 17, 1996

Contract No. WO 720-101-170
US 113: Snow Hill to the
Delaware State Line    •-.-..--•---
      ' No.  232084"-  — :
 Mr. Keith A. Harris
 Special Projects Section                 .....                           .     ;__.
 U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers
 P.O.Box 1715                                                   — ; -
 Baltimore  MD 21201

 Attn: Mr. Vance Hobbs
   *      '    •                     '          '           -

 Dear Mr. Harris:                                          -         ------

 Thank youfbr your letter dated April 17, offering comments on the revised Purpose and
.Need Statement (P&NS) for the US 113 .project planning -^^^S^SL ::
 been summarized in the attached erratta sheet and responses  to each one , ham been
 prepared. The revisions to the P&NS which you have recommended will be reflected in
 the purpose and need discussion in the draft environmental document.

-After reviewing the responses, I am requesting that you sign the concurrence line
 provided.

 Should you have any further questions or concerns, please feel free to contact Joseph
 R'. Kresslein at (410) 545-8550.

                                           Very truly yours,

                                           Louis H.Ege, Jr.
                                           Deputy Director
                                           Office of Planning and
                                            Preliminary Engineering
                                      by:
                               VI-80
                     My telephone number is
         R. Kresslein
  Assistant Division Chief
  Project Planning Division

  (410) 545-8500
                       Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech
                         y   1-800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free
                  Milling Address: P.O. Box 717 . B
                ~~* AJJ— — . -rn-r M — ปป- *ป-ซ ---- ' ฐ* ---

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Mr. Keith A. Harris
US 113 Study - Purpose and Need Statement
Page Two
Fill In concurrence/comment point here - Purpose and Need, etc,

Please check one:
           ซ.                            '
            Concur (without comments)

            Concur (comments attached)

            Do not concur (comments attached)
 US Army Corps of Engineers

 LHE:PFM
 cc:   Mr. LeRoy Carrigan
      Mr. Louis H. Ege Jr.
      Ms. Gay Olsen
      Ms. Cynthia Simpson
      Ms. Renee Sigel
      Mr. Aian Straus
      Ms. Lorraine Straw
Date
                          VI-81

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Addendum
Comment a:
 demonstrate the supporting

 ^ep^oseofthisstudvistc^
 from MD 394 to the Delaware ^*J^^ซr,n the northern area. The  '
 number of fatal accidents (above the s^^.^9d% and is expected to be F by





  Response:
  The opening paragon o, the the Purpose and Need Sta^ent has been revised ซo

  read as follows:
The purpose
from Snow Hill to the
number of fatal aooidents
                             State
                                                             in the northern
                                                                 ^^
   because of the high fatal accident rate
   Comment b:
    Response:

    Combined statewide rates are amVed
    roadway being analyzed '"
                                              respective roadway sections: ie:
                                                  unique access
                                                                             s
                                VI- 82

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corresponding percentage of section length to overall study area length. In this case,
96% of the 7.45 mile long northern section of US 113 is a two-lane undivided road with
no controls in place while 4% of the same section is a divided roadway with no controls
in place. In the southern section, 74% of the 16.1 mite long section of US 113 is a two-
lane undivided roadway with no controls in place and 26% is an undivided roadway with
partial controls in place.

Together the combined roadway sections measure 23.55 miles, eighty one percent of
which is a two-lane undivided roadway with no access controls in place, 18% is an
undivided roadway with partial controls in place and 1% is a divided roadway with no
controls in place. These percentages are then used to weight the respective roadway
section's accidents, based on the statewide average number of accidents for similarly
designed roadways.
Comment c:

Although the spot safety and traffic improvements along the corridor have not been in
place long enough to fairly determine their effectiveness, the Corps recommends that
these areas be examined during the project study. The study should determine if they
are improving the safety or traffic flow and if these improvements have adequately
addressed the purpose and need for the project or if additional work along the US 113
area needs to be done.

Response:

The second paragraph of the Background section discusses that almost all of the spot
improvements will have been in place for a full year during this summer. The State
Highway Administration agrees to study these improvements after they have been in
place for a year and will include a discussion of their effectiveness in the draft
environmental document  However, the accident data used to generate the reports and
statistics used in the analysis will not be available until the fall due, to the time
necessary for the transfer of the  accident reports from the responding state troopers
and the compilation of the information.
                               VI-83

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                       DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
                 BALTIMORE DISTRICT, U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
                             P.O. BOX 1715
                         BALTIMORE, MD 21203-1715
      REPLY TO
      ATTENTION OF
                            July 9,  1996
Operations  Division.
Subject:  -CENAB-OP-BXOID SHA/U. S.  113 :  .MD  394  TO. DELAWARE  STATE

LINE)  96-00132-9 —-—                   -•        --
•Mr  "Louis H. Ecre. JlT.                  .      .
olfice ol Planning and Preliminary, Engineering
Maryland State Highway Administration _

707 North Calvert Street
Baltimore ,  Maryland  21203              _

Dear  Mr. Ege :

      I  am  replying  to  your  suMect




Co\mty, Maryland.          ........                      —

      For  Department of  the Army purposes, _we  |ฐ^ur  with  the
purpose and need statement as  revised to reaa as follows.





 accidents   (significantly  above  the stat^de  ^^^ for the
 northern area.   In the  summer months ., the Level ^ oฃ  ser^/      ^Q ^
 analysis.
                           VI-84

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1 •
     J •
                                     -2-
          If  you  have any  questions regarding  this  correspondence,
     please call Ms.  Michele Gomez at (410)  962-4343.

                                         Sincerely,
                                         Keith A.  Harris
                                         Chief, Special Projects
                                            Permits Section
     cc: Renee งigel, FHWA
         Mary Ann Bbyer, EPA
         Bill Schultz, FWS
                               VI-85

-------
Mr. Keith A. Harris              ^
US 1 13 Study - Purpose and Need Statement
Page Two
 ti in
                          int here -
Please check one:

            Concur (without comments)

            Concur (comments attached) - Corps letter dated .7/9/96

            Do not concur (comments attached)
 LHE:PFM   —
 cc:    Mr. LeRoy Carrigan
       Mr. Louis H. Ege Jr.
       Ms. GayOlsen
       Ms. Cynthia Simpson
       Ms: Renee Sigel
       Mr. Alan Straus
       Ms. Lorraine Straw
 US Army Corps of Engineers
                                             Date
                               VI-86

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Harris N. Glendening
     Governor
John!
                               Maryland Department of Natural Resources
                                         Environmental Review
                                        Tawes State Office Building
                                        Annapolis, Maryland 21401   .„.

                                           December 11, 1995
Deput,
       , Mr. Joseph R. Kresslein
        Assistant Division Chief
        Project Planning Division
        State Highway Administration
        707 North Calvert Street
        Baltimore, Maryland 21202

        Dear Mr. Kresslein:

               Thank you for providing our Department an opportunity to review and comment on the US
        113, Snow Hill to the Delaware State Line, Purpose and Need Study. After reviewing the submitta
        we offer the following comments for your consideration:

               1.      Extensive wetlands exist along the US 113 corridor. Any impacts to these area
                      should be avoided. If it is impossible to avoid impacts to wetland areas mitigatioi
                      should be performed in the immediate area.

               2.      Previous correspondence to your office (dated July 6, 1989, January 17, 1990 am
                      May  9, 1995)  have provided you with information on  residence fish  species
                      construction closures, and other fisheries data.

               3.      The Forest Service of the Department of Natural Resources  submitted the following
                      comment:

                      The Maryland Reforestation Law, Natural Resources Article, Section 5-103, becam
                      law on January 1,1988. All highway construction projects by a government or by an;
                      other person using state funding are subject to the law when construction activitie
                      will clear one acre or more of the forest land.

                                         VI-87
                                    Telephone:   (410) 974-2788
                                    DNR TTY for the Deaf: (410) 974-3683

-------
Mr. Joseph R. Kresslein
December 12, 1995
Page 2


       Before cutting or clearing of any forest land, the
 •: - review to the appropriate Regional Forest Service offi,* ^^r^Z&n 543-6745. The
 design stage. On the Eastern Shore of Maryland please contact ^W^^^S locationsMts,
 request must include the site plan illustrating project location, esstog ปซซf**ฃ        d
 proposed   cutting areas  and  unpacted acr^e for  ^ ^^eeds to include a
 reforestation/afforestation area (location  and  acreage),   ine ซ*ซ*       AdditionaUv for all
 "Reforestation She Review" form (enclosed) with the top ^™ฃซฃ ^er^fthe SHA
 SHA roadway construction projects, project engineers neeฐ ^ cฐ™ g260   He ^u coordinate
 Landscape Operations Division  He can be  w^JJL^ ^randum of Understanding.
 reforestation requirements for all SHA projects per/D^R/SHA Memorandum

        Should you have any questions please contact Larry Hughes of my at (410) 974-2788.

                                         Sincerely,
                                         Ray C. Dintaman, Jr., -Director
                                         Environmental Review Unit
  RCD:LEH
  Enclosure
                                   VI-88

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Parris ft Glendentng
   Gocvrnor
MARYLAND O

         Dec. 7,  1995
                                                   DIVISION
                                                      ^ ^ ffl
                                                                 Ronald, M. K>
                                                                     •3lnoor
    Louis H.  Ege,  Jr.
    Deputy Director
    Office of Planning and Preliminary Engineering
    State Highway 'Administration
    707 North Calvert Street
    Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
     Dear Mr. Ege:

     Staff at the Maryland Office S
     •Sn-Frvrmat-ion on the Purpose and Need for  the US
     InoTSill So She Delaware state line.  We  understand the purpose
     of the project would be to address the high fatality accident
     rate in the northern segment and to provide highway system
     continuity.  Our comments on the information provided follow.

     The Land Use discussion should include reference to the Economic
     Growth Resource Protection and Planning  Act. of 1992 since it is
     required that state funded projects be reviewed for consistency
     with the Act.

     In the elaboration of the Planning Act visions, (Procedures for
     State Project Review publication) access Control _ practices are
     encouraged in rural areas to direct growth to existing population
     centers.  The Worcester County Comprehensive Plan has also
     recognized access control as a strategy fcฐ Prevent unplanned The
     strip commercial development and preserve highway capacity.  The
     purpose and  need statement recognizes the impacts of the project
     on agricultural land use and the natural environment.  Those
     ?mpalts can  best be addressed by assuring that the alternatives
     studied for  this project will help  to direct growth to the
     existing population centers.

     Public  transportation services have been discussed in the section
     onModal Interrelationships.   It would be useful to know whether
     She  fixed  route service travels  on US 113  the f requency of
     service and  number of daily trips.   This information would be
     more relevant  to the project study.
      in addressing safety concerns on US 113, it seems  ifc       .
      important to know the results of the spot improvements that have
      been made recently before determining what additional safety
      improvements are needed.
                               VI- 89
                       301 West Preston Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21201-2365
                        Comprtbmsiv* Planning: (410) 225-4562 Fax.- 225-4480

-------
draft purpose and need for this project.

   also note that references to Jones and Showell, as
         .
should be used correctly in reference to the plan.

Please contact Christine Wells or me at  (410) 225-4562 if there
are questions on these  comments.
                                          Sincerely   /*t
                                          **,ปป- — — — — -r- +   / "I

                                          __i  .>.  &xฃZi
                                          James  T. Noonan
 cc:  Christine Wells,  OP
     Tom Weiss,  OP Regional
                               VI-90

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          United States Department of the Interior
                       NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
                            Northeast Region
                           U. S. Custom House
                           200 Chestnut Street
                          Philadelphia, PA 19106
L7 6 (MAR-MR)
Maryland State Highway Administration
Regional and Intermodal Planning Division
P.O. Box 717
Baltimore, MD  21203-0717

          Re:  PDMS #232061
               WO-668-101-170

Dear Sir:

Thank you for the opportunity to review the draft purpose and
need statement for US 113.  We hope the following comments are
useful to you.

This document should explain why the road needs to be  four lanes,
who will benefit  (i.e.,  long distance haulers, interstate
travellers, community residents in what towns, etc.),  and what
the costs are  (in tax dollars, noise, long-term maintenance,
social economy, etc; it  should also describe how  local economics
will benefit).  The project seems  to be justified now  only
because it  is listed in  the state  and county plans and might
improve safety.

Due to the  projected impacts  on resources, further analysis
should also:

          include participation by the Lower Eastern Shore
     Preservation Center at Salisbury State University, the Lowei
     Eastern  Shore Heritage Committee and the  Pocomoke River
     Alliance

          include the  results of  a survey in the corridor of
     historic resouces (especially landscapes),  and drafts of
     incentives  and regulations which the county could adopt  to
     recognize the local value of historic landscapes and sites,
     natural  areas, and agricultural lands
                        VI-91

-------
          identify a means to donate conservation easements and
     lands to a certified land trust
     and the watersheds of the coastal bays.
If you have any questions, please contact Don       '
NortSeasVRegion and Project Coordinator, Lower Eastern Shore
Heritage Project at 215-597-1585.
           ซ.
Sincerely.
Patricia  E.  Bentley   (J
Environmental Compliance Review
 Coordinator
                          VI-92

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  MARYLAND
  HISTORICAL
  TRUST
   PROJECT
DEVELOPMENT'
   DIYIS'OK

   1  10 35 DTK
   November  30,  1995
Parris N. Glendenlng, Gove
  Patricia J. Payne, Secre
Of Bee of Preservation Services
    Mr. Joseph Kresslein, Assistant Division Chief
    Project  Planning Division
    State Highway Administration
    707 North Calvert Street, P.O. Box 717
    Baltimore,  Maryland  21203-0717
                                   RE:  Contract No. WO 720-101-170
                                        US  113:   MD  394  to the DE Line
                                        Worcester County, Maryland
    Dear Mr.  Kresslein:
         Thank you for your recent letter, dated 3  November 1995  and
    received by the Trust on 8 November 1995, which supplied a copy of
    the  Purpose and .Need Statement for the  above-referenced project.
    The  Purpose and' Need provides  a general  overview of the project's
    background,  existing conditions,  and  conclusions.   As you know,
    this project was dropped  from consideration in the  past  on  the
    assumption that minor spot improvements' could resolve the safety
    and  congestion  issues.  Many spot improvements have been completed
    ana  others  are planned;  however,  there  have been  no subsequent
    studies  to examine the effectiveness of these actions.  We believe
    that SHA should reevaluate the conditions  and needs of the study
    area,  in light of the  improvements  made to  date, as part of  any
    further  planning for this  project.

         We  understand that' SHA is conducting field investigations to
    identify and evaluate cultural "resources within the project's area
    of potential effects.   We look forward  to  continued coordination
    with SHA to complete the project's Section 106 consultation.   If
    you  have questions or  require  additional information, please call
    Ms.  Elizabeth Hannold (for structures)  at (410) 514-7636 or me  (for
    archeology)  at (410) 514-7631. Thank  you for your cooperation.

                                    Sincerely,
                                    El^Sabeth
                                    Administrator
                                    Archeological Services

    EJC/EAH/9502900   .  '
    cc:  Ms.  Mary Huie                       Ms. Cynthia Simpson
         Dr.  Charlie Hall    VI-93            Ms. Rita Suffness
                         Division of Historical and Cultural Programs
             100 Community Place • Crownsville, Maryland 21032 • (410) 51
           The Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD) pledges to foster
              the letter and spirit of the law for achieving equal housing opportunity in Maryland.

-------
N. Glendening
Governor
                                                           >ป.t C !'*'"
                                                            r". tl 7 •
                                                           43 f,1 '9$
                          Maryland Department of Natural Resources
                                    Environmental Review
                                   Tawes State Office Building
                                   Annapolis, Maryland 21401
                                                John R. Griffin
                                                   Secretary

                                                Ronald N. Youn.
                                                Deputy Secretary
                                       February 12, 1996
    Mr. Joseph R. Kresslein
    Assistant Division Chief
    Project Planning Division
    State Highway Administration
    707 North Calvert Street
    Baltimore, Maryland 21202

    Dear Mr. Kresslein:

           Thank you for providing our Department an opportunity to review and comment on the US
    113, Snow Hill to the Delaware State Line, Purpose and Need Study. After reviewing the submittal
    we offer the following comments for your consideration :

           1. The Heritage & Wildlife Administration of the Department of Natural Resources submitted
    the following information for your use:
           Snow Hill USGS Quadrangle
     Symplocos tinctoria
     Carexjoorii
     Leptoloma Cognatum
     Potamogeton pusilius
Current Record

Sweetleaf

Historical Records

Cypress-swamp sedge
Fall witchgrass
Slender pondweed
Rare
Threatened
Endangered
Endangered
Extirpated
                                     VI-94
                                Telephone:  (410) 974-2788
                                DNR TTY for the Deaf: (410) 974-3683

-------
Mr. Joseph R. Kresslein
February 12, 1996
Page 2
Utricularia inflata
Atlides halesus

Public Landing USGS Quadrangle
Bidens discoidea
Centrosema virginianum

Galactia volubilis
Lupinus perennis
Rhynchosia tomentosa

Berlin USGS Quadrangle
Alnus maritima
Desmodium pauciflorum
Fuirena pumila
Paspalum dissectum
Platanthera blephariglottis
Swollen bladerwort
Great purple haristreak
Current Records

Swamp beggar-ticks
Spurred butterfly-pea

Downy milk pea
Wild lupine
Hairy snoutbean
Current Record

Seaside alder

Historical Records

Few-flowered tick-trefoil
Smooth fuirena
Walter's paspalum
White-fringed orchid
Endangered
Rare
Rare
Rare

Endangered
Threatened
Endangered
 Rare
 Endangered
 Endangered
 Endangered
 Threatened
       Should you have any questions please contact Larry Hughes of my at (410) 974-2788.

                                        Sincerely,
                                        Ray C. Dintaman, Jr., Director
                                        Environmental Review Unit
RCDrLEH
                               VI-95

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                 United States Department of the Interior ฃ: ^
                           FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
                             Chesapeake Bay Field Office
                             177 Admiral Cochrane Drive
                                Annapolis, MD 21401

                                   January 28,1997

'Jl
Mr. Louis H. Ege, Jr.
Office of Planning and Preliminary Engineering
Maryland State Highway Administration
707 North Calvert Street
Baltimore, MD  21202
                                              Re:    US 113, Snow Hill to DE Line
Dear Mr. Ege:

Wehave received your request for concurrence on the Alternatives Retained for Further Study,
dated September 1996, for the proposed dualization of US 1 13, from Snow Hill to the Delaware
sSe Lu?e  We were informed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) that SUป Highway
Administration granted an extension until the jurisdictional determination of wetlands was
curbed, The field review of wetlands was completed on January 24, 1997, and we do concur
with the alternatives, although we have concerns that are discussed below.

Wetlands along Route 113 provide high value habitats for fish, amphibiar*. reptiles biroX and
mammals. Fish and wildlife use this habitats for nesting, forage, and shelter. Theforested
wetlands are critical habitats for many species, including feeding and resting areas for songbirds
 during spring and fall migrations. Destruction of these habitats may cause a corresponding
 reduction hi wildlife populations inhabiting these wetlands.

 •Hie function of wetlands in the project area benefit everyone in the community.  In an area
 where^ockets of urbanization are creating more impervious surface area ^ncultoal fields
 to* forested buffers, proper stormwater management becomes critical to streams. Wetlands can
 pm^ormwater management by filtering nutrients, sediments, and contaminants from run-off
 forr^Shealth^Sr supply" Problems in-stream, which may ฃ re lated to Pซ*ซฃ
 conditions, are already evident Steep banks with entrenched stream beds ^cates^ ion the
 system and impaired conditions downstream.  Existing stream crossings generaUy ซ*e not
             the peak flow problem, though in some cases, dowr^reamerKteofculvertsrestnct
                                      Future recorrmiend^or  wiU mcludeoversized
  paser,
  structures for fish and wildlife passage and limiting use of nght-of-way to 80 feet
  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) biologists have participated m
  we have concern that the impacts to wetlands are considerably larger than initi
      aor^ern alignment (4N) will clearly impact more forested wetlands than the southern route
                                    VI- 96

-------
(3N). Although, considerable forested wetlands were also identified along the 3N alternative, the
amount of impacts appear to be significantly smaller. Both alternatives will have indirect
impacts to waters of the United States due to loss of wetlands and water quality, but 3N will have
fewer impacts because of the existing road structure. The Service's recommendations are:

•      Modify alternate 3N to reduce impacts to wetlands

•      Reevaluate the amount of wetland impacts based on the Corps jurisdictional
       determination of wetlands

•      Study Transportation Management System, taking into account recent safety
       improvements

We appreciate the opportunity to provide information relevant to fish and wildlife resources. If
you have any questions on these comments, please.contact David W. Sutherland at (410) 573-
4535.

                                              Sincerely,
cc:
COE, Baltimore, MD (Michele Gomez)
SHA, Baltimore, MD (Lorrine Strow)
FHA, Baltimore, MD (Mary Huie)
EPA, Philadelphia, PA (Danielle Algazi)
NMFS, Oxford, MD (John Nichols)
MDE, Baltimore, MD (Ray Dintiman)
                                              John P.
                                              Supervisor
                                              Chesapeake Bay Field Office
                               VI-97

-------
 Mr. Robert Zepp
 US-113 from MD 394 to Delaware
 Page Two


 Concurrence with Alternates Retained for Detailed Study

 Please check one:

 G     Concur (without comments)

t JB     Concur (comments attached)

  D     Do not concur (comments attached)
  U.S. Departs
  Fish and Wl
  Attachment
  cc:   Mr. Lee Canigan
        Mr. Louis H. Ege, Jr.
        Mr. Joseph Kresslein
        Ms. Gay Olsen
        Ms. Renee Sigel
        Ms. Cynthia Simpson
       ' Mr. Alan Straus
        Ms. Lorraine Strow
                                                Date
                               VI-98

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                     Mary/and Department of Transportation
                     State Highway Administration
David L. Win
Secretary
Parker F. Wi
Administrator
                                                   February 27,1997
C
             Mr. John P. Wolflin
             Supervisor
             Chesapeake Bay Field Office
             U.S. Department of Interior
             Fish and Wildlife Service
             177 Admiral Coachrane Drive
             Annapolis MD 21401

             Dear Mr. Wolflin:

             Thank you for your letter providing concurrence on Purpose and Need and Alternatives
             Retained for Detailed Study.

             The following discussion summarizes your comments and explains what information we are
             developing to address your concerns:

             Comment #1
             The USFWhas concerns regarding the amount of impacts to the forested wetlands under all
             Dualization alternatives. After the jun'sdictional wetland field review, the impacts may be
            greater than initially assessed. Alternate 3N would cause less impacts to wetlands than
            Alternate 4N Modified.

            Following the jun'sdictional wetland determination, all wetlands were surveyed and plotted on
            our maps. Wetland acreages of impacts were recalculated  and shown in the Preliminary Draft
            EIS, which was provided to you on February 19.  We understand there may be slight change in
            these numbers based on the upcoming field review of agricultural ditches. That information
            will be provided to you as soon as it is available and will be addressed in the revised DEIS.
            Also when a selected alternate has been identified, detailed design activities will minimize
            impacts as much as possible. We will work closely with COE to avoid or minimize impacts to
            the extent possible.

            Comment #2   ป
            Modify Alternate 3N to reduce wetland impacts

            Since the Alternates Meeting Alternate 3N was modified in order to minimize environmental
            impacts. Additional wetland avoidance and minimization measures will be investigated and
            this information will be included in the Draft Environmental Impact Statement.

            Comment #3
            Study Transportation Management System (TSM) taking onto account recent safety
            improvements.
                                             VI-99
                                   Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech
                                          1-800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free

                                Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD  21203-0717
                           Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202

-------
Mr. John P. Wolflin
Page Two
The traffic and accident analysis based on the TSM improvements will be included in the draft
document. In addition to those spot improvements implemented and programmed, a full range
of additional TSM improvements such as intersection improvements and adding tum-lanes and
acceleration and deceleration lanes are being evaluated under the proposed TSM alternates
(2Nand2S).

Installing jersey barrier along the median was not considered feasible since US 113 is a two-
lane roadway with no control of access and numerous intersections and driveways. A jersey
barrier may address to some extent the opposite direction collisions;  however, it would severely
restrict access for area residents, making it necessary for many to make U-tums at
intersections. We feel this could result in an increase in other types of accidents.

Information addressing your comments will be included in the DEIS.  We hope that this
information addresses your  concerns.  Your response should be addressed to the attention of
Ms. Gay Olsen in the Project Planning Division. Should you have any questions, please call
Mr. Joseph Kressiein at (410) 545-8550.

                                       Louis H. Ege, Jr.
                                       Deputy Director
                                       Office of Planning and
                                       Preliminary Engineering

                                By:    _Z—ฑ2=	•  -^*y y\— .
                                       Mr. Joseph Kressiein
                                       Assistant Division Chief
                                       Project Planning Division

cc:   Mr. Roy Denmark (EPA)                 (w/incoming)
      Mr. Ray Dintaman (DNR)
      Mr. Elder Ghigiarelli  (MDE)
      Mr. Timothy E. Goodger (NMFS)
      Mr. Keith Harris (COE)
      Mr. J. Rootiey Little  (MHT)
      Mr. James T. Noonan (MOP)
      Ms. Gay Olsen
      Ms. R. Suseela Rajan
      Ms. Renee Sigel (FHWA)
      Ms. Cynthia Simpson
      Mr. Robert Small
      Ms. Lorraine Strow
      Ms. Cynthia Wilkerson (NPS)
       Mr. Jim Wynn
       Mr. John Zanetti
       Ms. Lisa Simmer (RK&K)
       Mr. Robert Zepp (USFWS)
                                   VI-100

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                  UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL. PROTECTION AGENCY
                                      REGION III  "
                                 841 Chestnut Building
                          Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 19107^4431
January 31,1997

Mr. Louis H. Ege, Jr.
Deputy Director
Office of Planning and
Preliminary Engineering
P.O. Box717
Baltimore, MD 21203-0717

RE:    US 113 from MD 394 to the Delaware State Line, Worcester County, MD: Alternatives
       Retained for Detailed Study.
Dear Mr. Ege:

       The Environmental Protection Agency is responding to your request for our concurrence
on the description of the Alternates Retained for Detailed Study for the above referenced project.
We apologize for the delay in responding.

       As currently presented in the study, we do not concur. The range of alternatives that are
being considered need to be expanded. We are interested in working with you to move forward
on this project through the NEPA/404 process. Given prior experience we believe that some of
our comments are based on reoccurring themes in response to your documents. This practice
only works to delay the process because of the need of your agency to respond to comments
through back and forth letter writing until concurrence has been obtained. Thus, we would like
to see an entire revised document to review so that we can concur without further complication
and to ensure the incorporation of our comments. Since reviews are based on coordination with
other agencies,  the document should contain responses to all agency comments so that
agencies can promptly determine the results of the comment period and expedite the review.

       Our detailed comments on U.S. 113 Alternates Retained are found below:

             It is not clear from the alternates package whether the consideration of the
             northern section as a separate alternative would be analyzed to fulfill the purpose
             and need of the project, whether the dualization occurs on either the existing
             alignment or on a new alignment "Considering the location of the northern section
             versus the southern end, it seems that the northern end would have greater need
             for upgrading, since the logical destination for the majority of the travelers would
             be in the Ocean  City area. It is als'o the area with the most potential for growth.
             The environmental document should examine these factors  and consider the
             northern section alone to be dualized along with the combination of spot
             improvements and/or Transportation Systems Management (TSM) possibilities for
             the southern section to fulfill the purpose and need of the project.

             We would strongly recommend providing additional alternatives that include a
             combination of TSM and alignments throughout the whole length of the project

                      Celebrating 25 Years of Environmental Progress
                                   VI- 101

-------
            study area.

            The reasoning behind dropping Alternates 4N, from just norl *
            north south of Showell on the west and the east side in the Showeil area
            consideration as described on page 3 of the package was not stgrnficant enough
                                    r
             and give process its due, in accordance with NEPA.

             As we have stated previously in our comments to the ••





             U.S. 113.
      Thank you for the opportunity ,to comment :  If ^ .have
Danielle Algazi.  She can be reached by phone at (215) 566-2722,
or by E-Mail at ALGAZl.DANIELLE@EPAMAILEPA.GOV.
                                Sincerely,
                                Richard V. P
                                Chief, Environmei
Protection Branch
cc:    Michele Gomez, COE
       William Schultz, FWS
       Mary Huie, FHA
       John Nichols, NMFS
       Elder Ghigiarelli, MDE
       Ray Dintaman, Md DNR
                               VI-102

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         Maryland Department of Transportation
         Sta te High way A dministra tion
David L. Win
Secretary

Parker F. Wilt
Administrator
February 24,1997

                                 RE:   Contract No. WO 720B11
                                       US 113 from Snow Hill to
                                       the Delaware State Line

Mr. Richard V. Pepino
Chief, Environmental Protection Branch
U S Environmental Protection Agency
Region III
841 Chestnut Building
Philadelphia PA  19107-4431

Dear Mr. Pepino:

Thank you for your letter providing comments on the Alternates Retained for Detailed Study for
US 113 improvements from Snow Hill to the Delaware State Line.

We appreciate your cooperation in offering to work with  us to expedite the review process and
to move this project forward through the NEPA/404 process. We agree with you that
responding to your comments by letter until concurrence is obtained could delay the process.
We met with Ms. Danielle Algazi on February 13 to discuss the project and address most of
your concerns, and subsequently provided her with the preliminary version of the Draft
Environmental Impact Statement at the interagency review meeting on February 19. This
document contains a revised discussion of Alternates Retained for Detailed Study.

Your comments on the Alternates Retained for Detailed Study are summarized below with our
response following:

Comment #1.
Will alternates for the southern and the northern sections be evaluated separately?
The northern section of US 113 carries more traffic and is the area with greater potential for
growth.  Cons/o'er spot improvements/or Transportation System Management (TSM) for the
southern section.

It is true that traffic volumes are much higher in the northern section and will result in future
traffic congestion and declining levels of service. However, the more immediate need in the
project area is to improve safety conditions throughout the entire route.  Head-on collisions and
fatalities are a concern in both the northern and southern sections. Although we will investigate
the feasibility of a full range of TSM improvements, we believe that neither the currently
programmed spot improvements, nor the TSM alternates will adequately address the
                                  V/- 103
                      Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech
                            1-800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free
                Mailing Address:  P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
           Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore,  Maryland 21202

-------
Mr. Richard V. Pepino
February 21,  1997
Page Two
safety problem. US 113 north of the Delaware State Line as well as south of Snow Hill and
through the Berlin area is a four-lane divided highway. This being the major north-south route in
Worcester County, we believe that dualizing the roadway would be the most effective way to
reduce the high percentage of opposite direction collisions throughout both study sections of
US 113. Two of the three most recent fatal accidents occurred in the southern study area and
involved vehicle collisions with oncomming traffic.

Comment #2
EPA recommends providing additional alternatives, including a combination of TSM and
alignments for the entire study length.

In the northern area we have  included an additional alternate which combines portions of both
Alternate 3N and 4N Modified in an effort to find a solution that minimizes environmental
impacts to the extent possible. The TSM alternate will be evaluated as a "stand-alone"
improvement individually in both the northern and southern study areas.  In addition, the option
of combining the TSM with the dualization alternates and staging improvements will also be
investigated.

Comment#3
The reasoning behind dropping  portions of Alternate 4 was not significant. These alternatives
should be further discussed in the environmental document.

Based on a preliminary assessment of costs using a base cost of $4.8 million per mile,
Alternates 4N and 4N Option  A are approximately equal in cost from MD 90 to south of Showell.
The Alternate 4N alignment would be approximately 400 feet longer than Alternate 4N Modified
resulting in an additional cost of $0.3 million. Cost however, was not the only basis for
eliminating this segment of the 4N alternate. The Alternate 4N alignment west of the existing
roadway from MD 90 to South of Showell has greater impacts both to woodlands and farmland
than Alternate 4N Modified which was retained. Alternate 4N would have required  taking
approximately 2.4 acres more woodlands and 5.5 acres more farmland than Alternate 4N
Modified and provides  no offsetting benefits over Alternative 4N Modified.

The 4N  Modified alignment just  north of MD 90 is located closer to the existing US  113
alignment, thereby avoiding the need to bisect large properties. The 4N alignment splits four
properties between MD 90 to  south of.Showell, whereas Alternate 4N Modified affects only the
edges of properties adjacent to the roadway, thereby not splitting any properties. One of the
properties that would be bisected by Alternative 4N is the Rancho Fiesta Equestrian Farm.
These impacts would render the entire farm inoperable. Under Alternate 4N, SHA would own
property on the east and west of US 113 which could not be used in conjunction with any
highway improvements.

Comment #4
Spot improvements should be closely examined. Show a  correlation between spot
improvements and a reduction in accidents in-the environmental document
                                 VI-104

-------
  Mr. Richard V. Pepino
  February 24,1997
  Page Three
           'ISt ฐf  Ot lmProvements i
                                             under the No-Build Alternate and TSM
                                             ed in *" Prelimlnai* Draft En
                 as well as an accident analysis based on spot improvements.

 We hope that this information addresses your concerns and are again requesting your
 aTdes?eS
 anfquSons nlฑ, S?M "^ Gahy ฐlsen,in the PrฐJect Plan™9 Division. Should you have
 any questions, please call Mr. Joseph Kresslein at (41 0) 545-8550.

                                Very truly yours
cc:
                                Louis H. Ege, Jr.
                                Deputy Director
                                Office of Planning and
                                Preliminary Engineering
                                Joseph R. Kressle'i
                                Assistant Division Chief
                                Project Planning Division
 Mr. Roy Denmark (EPA)
 Mr. Ray Dintaman (DNR)
 Mr. Elder Ghigiarelli (MDE)
 Mr. Timothy E. Goodger (NMFS)
 Mr. Keith Harris (COE)
 Mr. J. Rodney Little (MHT)
 Mr. James T. Noonan (MOP)
 Ms. Gay Qlsen
 Ms. R. Suseela Raj'an
 Ms. Renee Sigel (FHWA)
 Ms. Cynthia Simpson
 Mr. Robert Small
 Ms. Lorraine Straw
 Ms. Cynthia Wilkerson (NPS)
 Mr. Jim Wynn
 Mr. John Zanetti
 Ms. Lisa Zeimer (RK&K)
Mr. Robert Zepp (USFWS)
Mr. David Wallace (RK&K)
                                            (w/incoming & attachment)
                                VI- 105

-------
 y
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                 REGION III
             841 Chestnut Building     -.. ~, •->
       Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-4431 ,,
March 31, 1997

Mr. Louis H. Ege, Jr.
Deputy Director
Office of Planning and
Preliminary Engineering
P.O. Box 717
Baltimore, MD 21203-0717

RE:   US  113 from MD 394 to the Delaware State Line, Worcester County, MD: Pie-Draft
      EIS, February 19, 1997.
 Dear Mr. Ege:
 1^
 Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS).
 r0^ซa^
 required to expedite the project.
        - Alternatives 4N and 3N/4N combination should include provisions to avo.d
                                VM05a
                     Celebrating 25 Years of Environmental Progress

-------
      impacts to wetlands during the alignment configuration phases of the project.
      -Each alternative should provide detailed information to support findings of
      improved safety conditions and the correlation between the improvements on the
      road and predicted increased safety.

      EPA also has concerns about the environmental impacts that were not
addressed in the Pre-DEIS. This project has the potential to impact both Maryland's
Coastal Bay and the Pocomoke River/Chesapeake Bay watershed.  There are
approximately 20 stream and tributary crossings for the proposed US 1 13 build
alternatives. The wetlands connected with these crossings provide valued watershed
functions that are not easily replicated. One of these wetlands is dominated by bald
cypress, which is a relatively unique resource in Maryland and associated with the
Pocomoke watershed system.  The extent of value of these systems and the attempt
to avoid, minimize,  rectify, reduce and compensate for these impacts were not
adequately documented. The indirect impacts of the potential growth associated with
U.S. 113 and the Worcester County Comprehensive Plan and the potential to impact
environmental resources and the future land use of the County were not evaluated in
the document.  Finally, incremental impacts of the proposed action on these
watersheds, when added to other past, present and reasonably foreseeable future
actions have not been addressed in the document. This cumulative impact assessment
should provide a historical perspective of land use in the watershed area. This
information could be obtained by coordinating closely with Maryland's Office of
Planning and Worcester County Planning Office.

      Our detailed comments are enclosed.  We are looking forward to reviewing the
Draft EIS document. Thank you for the opportunity to comment early in the process.  If
you have any questions, please contact Danielle Algazi. She can be reached by phone
at (215) 566-2722,  by facsimile at (215) 566-2782 or by E-Mail at
ALGAZI.DANIELLE@EPAMAILEPA.GOV.

                              Sincerely,
Enclosure

cc:   Michele Gomez, COE
      David Sutherland, FWS
      Mary Huie, FHA
      John Nichols, NMFS
      Elder Ghigiarelli, MDE
                              RichaVd V.
                              Chief, Environmental Protection Branch
Larry Hughes, DNR
Phil Hager, Worcester County Planning
Ray Dintaman, DNR
Christine Wells, MOP
Al Kampmeyer, MDE Salisbury
                                 VMOSb

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     DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY  .ป-„... ,^'
BALTIMORE DISTRICT, U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS -• •-• r
            P.O. BOX 1715          f-1'•;•••
        BALTIMORE, MD 21203-1715
                                                   | -
     REPLY TO
     ATTENTION OF
Operations  Division

Subject:   CENAB-OP-RX(MD SHA/US  113:
LINE) 96-00132-9
                         MD 394 TO  DELAWARE STATE
Mr, Louis  H.  Ege,  Jr.
Office of  Planning and Preliminary Engineering
Maryland State Highway Administration
707 North  Calvert  Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21202

Dear Mr. Ege:

     I am  replying to  your  subject letter dated October  11,  1996,
requesting our concurrence on the Alternatives Retained for Further
Study for  the US 113 Study  located in Worcester County,  Maryland.
Ms. Cynthia  Simpson of your office granted the Corps  an  extension
of time on providing our response until after the  jurisdictional
determination has  been completed for this study.

     The Corps has concerns regarding the amount  of environmental
impact which will  occur with Alternate 4N Modified.  The  amount of
wetlands to  be altered with this, alternate was estimated at 28.5
acres.  During the  jurisdictional determination, more wetlands than
was originally mapped  by  the SHA were found  along this alternate.
While the Corps and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service assisted the
SHA in correcting  the  wetland lines in  some  of these  areas,  there
is still a fair amount  of wetlands which have not  been delineated.
Therefore,  it can  be  assumed  that the 28.5 acres  of  potential
impact will  increase.
           *
     Alternate 3N  will also have a large number  of environmental
impacts  associated  with it,  mainly residential and^ commercial
displacements. The wetland impacts associated with this  alternate
may also increase  from the  estimated 10.3 acres as a result of the
jurisdictional determination.

     The   archaeological  and  historic  issues  which  need to  be
addressed  through Section  106,  also  have   not  been adequately
identified,  as per the November  15,   1996  letter from Maryland
Historical Trust.   These issues need to be addressed before we can.
determine  which   alternates  will have the least  environmental
impact.

     Because  of  the  great  amount   of  environmental  impacts
associated with both the 3N and 4N Modified alternates,  we
recommend that the  SHA investigate various  combinations of these
two  alternates which  satisfy the project purpose  and reduce the
                         VI-106

-------
amount  of  overall environmental  impacts,  including  impacts  to
waters of  the United States, including jurisdictional  wetlands.

     The   Corps  also  recommends  that  Transportation   Systems
Management (TSM)  be studied which take into account the safety and
traffic improvements  which were previously implemented by theSHA,
as well as investigate other safety i^rov^^tsj*^^11^;?^J"
the purpose and  need of  the US  113  Study-   Other TSM alternates
which   could   be   studied   would  include   turning   lanes,
acceleration/deceleration  lanes,  medians  with  Dersey  carrier
dividers,   intersection  improvements,  and   rumble  strips  along
shoulders  and at major intersections.

     ฃf  you-have  any questions regarding  this  'correspondence,
please call Michele Gomez at  (410) 962-4343.
                                   Sincerely,
                                    Keith A. Harris
                                    Chief,  Special Projects
                                      Permits Section
cc:  FHWA
     USFWS
     EPA
     NMFS
     MDE-Salisbury
     DNR-ERU
                       VI- 107

-------
     Maryland Department of Transportation
     State Highway Administration
David L Winstead
Secretary
Parker F. Williams
Administrator
                                       February 25,1997

                                       RE:    Contract No. WO 720B11
                                             US 113 from Snow Hill
                                             to the Delaware State Line

Mr. Keith Harris
Chief, Special Projects
Permits Section
US Army Corps of Engineers
Baltimore District
P.O. Box 1715
Baltimore MD 21203-1715

Dear Mr.  Harris:

Thank you for your letter providing comments on the Alternatives Retained for Detailed
Study for the US 113 project from Snow Hill to the Delaware State Line.

The following discussion summarizes your comments and explains what information we
are developing to address your concerns:

Comment #1
The COEhas concerns regarding the amount of wetland impacts, since more wetlands
were identified as a result of the jurisdictional determination.

Following the jurisdictional wetland determination, all wetlands were surveyed and
plotted on our maps. Wetland impact acreage was recalculated and shown in the
preliminary Draft EIS, which was provided to Ms. Michelle Gomez on February 19.  We
understand that there may be slight changes in these figures based on the results of
upcoming field review of agricultural ditches. That information will be provided to you as
soon as it is available and will be addressed in the revised DEIS. Also when  a selected
alternate  has been identified detail design activities will minimize impacts as much as
possible.  We will work closely with COE to avoid or minimize impacts to the extent
possible.

Comment #2
Alternate 3N has a large number of relocations as well as a large amount ofwetiand
impacts.  Wetland impacts may have increased after the Jurisdictional determination.

It is true Alternate 3N has a large number of displacements (24 residential/
6 commercial) since it follows the existing alignment. It would also result in
approximately 8 acres of wetland impacts.
                               VI- 108
                    Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech
                           1-800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free

                 Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
            Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street - Baltimore, Maryland 212O2

-------
 Comment #3
 Archeological and historical issues need to be addressed.

 Mr. Keith Harris
 Page Two
 Identification and evaluation of historic standing structures and archeological resources
 in the study area have been completed. Coordination with Maryland Historical Trust
 (MHT) is underway. Seven structures identified in the study area were either listed on
 or are eligible for the National Register of Historical Places. The preliminary DEIS
 includes more detailed information regarding both historic standing structures and
 archeological resources. The final version of the DEIS will reflect the results of the MHT
 coordination.

 Comment #4
 Investigate combinations of alignments in order to reduce environmental impacts.

 We have included a combination alternate which uses portions of Alternate 3N and 4N
 Modified for the northern section.  For the southern section, the No-Build, TSM (2S), and
 Dualization along the existing alignment (3S) are under consideration.  Combinations of
 the various southern alternates with northern alternates are also available as mentioned
 in the preliminary DEIS.

 Comment #5
 The results of the TSM and spot improvements currently being implemented need to be
 considered and TSM improvements which address the project purpose and need should
 be studied.  Consider additional TSM improvements such as acceleration/deceleration
 lanes, median jersey barrier, rumble strips, and intersection improvements.

 The traffic and accident analysis based on the TSM improvements will be included in the
 draft document.  In addition to those spot improvements implemented and
 programmed, a full range of additional TSM improvements such as intersection
 improvements and adding tum-Ianes and acceleration and deceleration lanes are being
 evaluated under the proposed TSM alternates (2N and 2S).

 Installing jersey barrier along the median was not considered feasible since US 113 is a
two-lane roadway with  no control of access and numerous intersections and driveways.
A jersey barrier may address to some extent the opposite direction collisions; however,
 it would severely restrict access for area residents, making it necessary for many to
 make U-tums at intersections.  We feel this could result in an increase in other types of
accidents.

 Information addressing your comments will be included in the DEIS.  We hope that this
information  addresses your concerns and are again requesting your concurrence with
the Alternatives  Retained for Detailed Study. Your response should be addressed to the
attention of Ms. Gay Olsen in the Project Planning Division. Should you have any
questions, please call Mr. Joseph Kresslein at (410) 545-8550.
                               VI-109

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Mr. Keith Harris
Page Three
                               Louis H. Ege, Jr.
                               Deputy Director
                               Office of Planning and
                                  iifninary Engineering
                               Mr. Joseph Kre:
                               Assistant Divisio
                               Project Planning
    hief
  Division
cc:    Mr. Roy Denmark (EPA)
      Mr. Ray Dintaman (DNR)
      Mr. Elder Ghigiareili (MDE)
      Mr. Timothy E. Goodger (NMFS)
      Mr. Keith Harris (COE)
      Mr. J. Rodney Little (MHT)
      Mr. James T. Noonan (MOP)
      Ms. Gay Olsen
      Ms. R. Suseela Rajan
      Ms. Renee Sigel (FHWA)
      Ms. Cynthia Simpson
      Mr. Robert Small
      Ms. Lorraine Strow
      Ms. Cynthia Wilkerson (NPS)
      Mr. Jim Wynn
      Mr. John Zanetti
      Ms. Lisa Zimmer (RK&K)
      Mr. Robert Zepp (USFWS)
(w/incoming & attachment)
                              VI-110

-------
                   DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY  ;; rj; .. = •'•.;
              BALTIMORE DISTRICT, U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS-, ? ,. .-.. ;
                         P.O.80X1715      ' •'•.•".•. ^ . '
                      BALTIMORE, MD 21203-1715     '„. ! .  '  '
                                               Af".i  \
   REPLY TO
   ATTENTION OF
Operations  Division
Subject:  US 1X3 CORSIDO* STUDY F*0ซ MD 394 TO THE DELAWARE  STATE
LINE
Mr. Louis H.  Ege,  Jr.   , .  .  .   v.  _
Maryland State Highway Administration
707 North Calvert Street
Baltimore,  Maryland 21202
            •-,.
Dear Mr. Ege:  •

                                 ssrs.'s.
in Worcester County,' Maryland.



alternates will be retained.
 1.  Alternates IS and IN-No Build
 2.  Alternates 2S and 2N-Basic  Transportation Systems Management

 3 .  Alternates 2S
    * TWO lane highway along existing aliment : with ,20 Joot median,
 median  barrier,  passing lanes, "and 60 mph design speed

 4.  Alternates 3S and 3N

 foo;
foo
design^ speed,  3S will have a 60 mph design speed
   * Four lane dualized highway  along  existing alignment with 3
foot median
5.  Alternate 4N modified
   *  Four.- lane dualized  highway on new alignment with 20  foe
median
   *  Four  lane dualized  highway on new alignment with 34  foe
median
                         VI-111

-------
6. Alternate 3N/4N combination

   * Four lane dualized highway on existing alignment with partial
new location; 20 foot median

   * Four lane dualized highway on existing alignment with partial
new location; 34 foot median

     The Corps concurs with these Alternates Retained for Further
Study provided that the road alignment, for all alternates_, wil^be
shifted to avoid or minimize impacts to waters of the US, including
jurisdictional wetlands, displacements of residences or businesses
and conservation of prime agricultural lands.

     If  you have  any questions  concerning  this  correspondence,
please call-Ms. Michele Gomez  at  (410) 962-4343
                                        Sincerely,
                                      ฃ>f Keith A. Harris
                                        Chief, Special> Proj ects
                                          Permits Section
cc:  Danielle Algazi,  EPA
     Renee  Siegel,  FHWA  .
     John Nichols,  NMFS
     David  Sutherland,  FWS
     Beth Cole,  MHT
     Al  Kampmeyer,  MDE (Salisbury)
     Larry  Hughes,  DNR
                         VI- 112

-------
Parris N. Glendenlng
    Governor
                             Maryland Department of Natural Resources
                                       Environmental Review
                                      Tawes State Office Building
                                      Annapolis, Maryland 21401


                                        November 21,1996
                                               JohnR
                                                 Sta

                                            Carolyn
       Louis H. Ege, Jr.
       Deputy Director
       Office of Planning and Preliminary Engineering
       Maryland Department of Transportation
       State Highway Administration
       P.O. Box 717
       Baltimore, Maryland 21203-0717
       (Attn: Ms. Gay Olsen)

       RE:   Project No. WO 720B11; US 113 from MD 394 to the Delaware State Line; Worcester
              County, MD

       Dear Mr. Ege:

              Thankyou&rtheopportunitytoreviewme Alternatives *^^ป*^^^.
       US 113 Study. PleasefmdattachedmeDepar^^                   signed concurrence sheet
       If you should have any additional questions concerning the Departments concurrence with the
       subject alternatives, please call me at 410-974-2788.

                                               Sincerely,
                                               Ray C. Dintaman, Jr., Director
                                               Environmental Review Unit
        RCD
VI- 113
                                   Telephone:   (410) 974-2388
                                   DNR TTY for the Deaf: (410) 974-3683

-------
Mr. Ray Dintaman
US 113 from MD 394 to Delaware
Page Two


Concurrence with Alternates Retained for Detailed Study:

Please check one:  .

       Concur (without comments)

       Concur (comments attached)

       Do not concur (comments attached)
 jf^ou  c.^uc^ro^^  \k.	
Maryland Dept of Natural Resources
                                             Date
 Attachment
 cc:    Mr. Lee Carrigan
       Mr. Louis H. Ege, Jr.
       Mr. Joseph Kresslein
       Ms. Gay Olsen
       Ms. Renee Sigel
       Ms. Cynthia Simpson
       Mr. Alan Straus
       Ms. Lorraine Straw
                          VI- 114

-------
        P&rris
                                            MARYLAND Office of Plan-ring.  .... •   ...ป
                                                                       '.,  . •   t ?•-•.' •'•*"•  j;J ~2
                                                          November 20,1996
                                                                                 • t.-!.-
                                                                                   Jtonatd M. Kr
                                                                                         Dtnaar
C
Mr. Louis H. Ege, Jr.
Deputy Director
Office of Planning & Preliminary Engineering
Maryland State Highway Administration
P.O. Box 717
Baltimore,  MD 21203-0717

Attention: Ms. Gay Olsen

Dear Mr. Ege:

Staff at the Maryland Office of Planning have reviewed the information provided in the description of
AlternatesRetainedforDetaDedStudyfortfaeUSllSStudy. Our comments on Inadequacy of the
information are provided herein. We have also included our comments regarding consistency of the alternates
with the Economic Growth Resource Protection and Planning Act However, we must clarify that it is toe
responsibility of MDOT to make "the determination of consistency" as required in Executive Order
01.0U99Z27.

Adequacy of Information:              '   •                             '    '   .  ,    .   -
There is additional information requested which wul help us to evaluate the recommended alternates for
the US 113 Project:     -             :

Access control policies. There is no discussion on the access control policies intended to be included as
part of the TSM strategy.

It is not clear from the information provided if the TSM improvements would provide satisfactory results
for improving safety and reducing traffic congestion.  Clarification on what the TSM improvements would
accomplish should be provided.

Mformation on me completed and ongoing spot improvements for US  113 within me study area should be
provided,  (e.g.. project locations, safety issues addressed, deficiencies corrected, expected improvement
 results, etc.). Since mere are two systems preservation projects for US 113 in the draft 1997 CTP. we
 would like to understand if diey win address some of me identified safety issues. There are projectstor
 resurfacing US 113 and adding left turn lanes and acceleration /deceleration lanes identified in die CTP. 1
 they are considered to be pan of die No-Build Alternate, men are we correct to. understanding mat they
 wifl not provide "any significant improvements" to capacity or reduce die accident rate?

 If cost is the basis for dropping a portion of Alternate 4N,  then me estimated costs of each of me
 alternates  should be provided to allow for a comparison.

 The following comments relate to die consistency of the recommended alternates wim the Maryland
 Economic Growth, Resource Protection and Planning Act of 1992.
                                     VI-  115
                                         301 Vat Prtston Stmt • BalHmort. Maryland 21201-2365
                                          Contpnlitastvu Plaaningt (410) 233-4562  Foe 22S-44SO

-------
TSM Alternates The SHA's effort to improve.system management on US 113 particularly for safety   •
improvements, are consistent with the Visions of the Planning Act and state policies to maximize the use
of existing transportation facilities. To be consistent with Worcester County's 1989 Comprehensive Plan
policy,  to preserve capacity on US 113, access management strategies should be included in the TSM
alternate.  The 1992 Worcester County Zoning and Subdivision Control Article requires access ^
management on the County's anerials and collectors. The Article also provides access point design
standards.

Alternate 3N and 4N Modified These alternates would widen the existing US 113 to a four-fane divided
highway.  This portion of US 113 north of Berlin is within the County's planned development area. These
alternates  would signincandy improve roadway safety and would facilitate development hnhe area. To
be consistent with County policy,  die alternates must be designed to prevent strip commercial development
and minimize driveway access points.  The 1989 County Comprehensive Development Plan addressed
strategies to limit commercial development to selected areas along US 113 to preserve its capacty.

Alternate 4N would impact fewer residential and commercial properties but has  greater adverse impact on
agriculture and natural resources. Information on estimated costs for these Alternates would assist in our
evaluation.

Alternate 3S This alternate would widen existing US 113 to a four-lane divided highway in order to
significantly improve the safety conditions.   Based on information, provided hi  the Purpose and Need
Statement, traffic has not been the major problem for mis portion of US 113, nor would it be for the next
two decades.  This alternate would have significant agricultural and environmental impacts and growdi
management implications since this portion of US 113 runs  through, the County's primary agricultural and
conservation, areas.  To mmmm the adverse impacts this widening and upgrade might have on,
agricultural lands anri grmvrh management, and to be consistent With County policy       ^
managemenryconrrol need to be included in the project.  Increasing roadway capacity in agriculture areas
without access control/management can encourage sprawl The Planning Act Visions encourage access
control practices in rural areas to direct growdi to suitable areas.
Please contact Christine Wells or me at (410) 767-4562 if mere are questions on the above comments.
                                             James T. Noonan
cc: Christine Wells, OP
    Tom Weiss, OP Regional
                                     VI- 116

-------
         Maryland Department of Transportation
         State Highway Administration
                                                          David L. Wi:
                                                          Secretary

                                                          Parker F. Wi
                                                          Administrator
                                     February 20, 1997

                               Re:   Project No. WO720B11
                                     US 113 from Snow Hill to the
                                     Delaware State Line
                                     Worcester County, Maryland

 Mr. James T. Noonan
 Maryland Office of Planning
 301 West Preston Street
 Baltimore MD 21201-2365

 Dear Mr. Noonan,

       Thank you for your review and comment on the Alternatives Retained for
 Detailed Study for the proposed dualization of US 113 from Snow Hill to the Delaware
 State Line in Worcester County.

       The following discussion summarizes the comments in your November 25, 1996
 letter and we have developed information in response which we feel addresses your
 concerns.

 Comment #1: There is no discussion of access control policies included as part of the
 TSM strategy.

Access to existing properties must be maintained, however future policy along the
corridor will focus on minimizing the number of entrances where applicable. This policy
of minimizing any future driveway access points will be implemented with any of the
build alternatives.

Numerous access points can be eliminated under Alternative 4N Modified since
portions of this alignment will be  on new location.  Sections of the existing roadway that
will no longer be utilized as mainline US 113 will be designed as service roads, thereby
minimizing the number of access points on mainline US 113. Alternatives 3S and 3N
propose dualizing the existing alignment, therefore decreasing the number of access
points will be more challenging for this alternative. Under the TSM Alternative, only
spot safety improvements are proposed, however the feasibility of consolidating  existing
entrances will be investigated.
                                          (410) 545-8500
        My telephone number is	

         Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech
               1-800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free
    Mailing Address:  P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202
                    VI- 117

-------
 Mr. James T. Noonan
 US 113 from Snow Hill to
 the Delaware State Line
 Page Two
 Comment #2: It Is not clear whether TSM improvements would provide satisfactory
 results for improving safety and reducing traffic congestion.

 The enclosed table highlights the TSM improvements which are programmed to be
 implemented with the No-Build Alternative and those improvements that will be included
 under Alternative 2. The currently programmed improvements will provide some interim
 safety measures.  During the development of the alternatives retained for detailed
 study, we will investigate which TSM measures will provide optimum improvements in
 the corridor and will evaluate their effectiveness in meeting the full range of project
 needs.  It should also be noted that many of the improvements included in Alternative 2
 could also be included along with the design of the other alternatives.

 Comment #3: If cost is used as a basis for dropping a portion of Alternative 4N, then
 estimated costs of each alternative should be provided for comparison.

 Based on a preliminary assessment of costs using a base cost of $4.8 million per mile,
Alternatives 4N and 4N Option A are approximately equal in cost from MD 90 to south
of Showell. The Alternative 4N alignment would be approximately 400 feet longer than
Alternative  4N Modified resulting in an additional cost of approximately $0.3 million over
that alternative. Cost however, was  not the singular basis for eliminating this segment
of the 4N alternative.

The Alternative 4N alignment west of the existing roadway from MD 90 to South of
Showell has greater impacts both to woodlands and farmland then Alternative 4N
Modified which was  retained. Alternative 4N would have required taking  approximately
2.4 acres more woodlands and 5.5 acres more farmland than Alternative 4N Modified
and provides no offsetting benefits over Alternative 4N Modified.

The 4N alignment splits four properties between MD 90 to south of Showell whereas 4N
Modified is  located closer to the existing alignment only affecting the edges of
properties adjacent to the roadway and not splitting any properties. One of the
properties that would be bisected by Alternative 4N is the Rancho Fiesta Equestrian
Farm. These impacts to the farm would render the entire farm inoperable. Under
Alternative 4N, SHA would have to purchase the entire property which extends east
and west of US 113, which  is far in excess of what is required for highway
improvements.
                               VI- 118

-------
Mr. James T. Noonan
US 113 from Snow Hill to
the Delaware State Line
Page Three

      Information addressing your comments will be included in the Draft
Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS). We hope that this information addresses your
concerns.  We also requesting your evaluation of the Alternates Retained for Detailed
Study for consistency with the Maryland Economic Growth Resource Protection and
Planning Act of 1992. Should you have any questions, please call Mr. Joseph
Kresslein at (410) 545-8550.

                                   Sincerely,

                                   Louis H. Ege, Jr.
                                   Deputy Director
                                   Office of Planning and
                                   Preliminary Engineering
LHE:CM
cc:
Mr.
Mr.
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Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Ms.
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Mr.
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Mr.
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Mr.
                                   Jose]
                                   Assistant Division Chief
                                   Project Planning Division

         Roy Denmark (EPA)   (w/incoming & attachment)
         Ray Dintaman (DNR)
         Eider Ghigiarelli (MDE)
         Timothy E. Goodger (NMFS)
         Keith Hams (COE)
         J. Rodney Little (MHT)
         Gay Olsen
         R. Suseela Rajan
         Renee Sigel (FHWA)
         Cynthia Simpson
         Robert Small
         Lorraine Straw                  "
         Cynthia Wilkerson (NPS)
         Jim Wynn                      "
         John Zanetti                    "
         Lisa Zeimer (RK&K)
         Robert Zepp (USFWS)
                            VI- 119

-------

            STATE
 (/
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FOREST \
                                   US 113 IMPROVEMENTS STUDY
                           No Build and ISM
                        Improvement Locations
                           SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
                                  AdmlnitBxiion
                                            April 1997
                                            Rgure
                                             II-2A
                    VI- 120

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                       VI- 121

-------
                               I   ft-
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               US 113 IMPROVEMENTS STUDY
                 No Build and TSM
              Improvement Locations
                 SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
VI- 122

-------

-------
                  IMPROVEMENTS STUDY
      Build
Improvement
   SOUTHERN STUDY
                         Locations
VI-124

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                                  VI- 126

-------
               DELAWARE smaot ceoปtv
          US 113 IMPROVEMENTS STUDY
            No Build and TSM
         Improvement Locations
            NORTHERN STUDY AREA
VI- 127

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                                      VI- 128

-------

-------
MflR 14 '97  1Z:27PM MINERflLS OIL ftND GftS DIV
                                                              P. 2/3
IDE
          MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT
          2500 Broening Highway • Baltimore, Maryland 21224
          (410) 631-3000

is N. Glendening                                                   Jane T. Nishida
trnor                                                               Secretary
    xisn
                            March 14,  1997
   Mr. Joseph Kresslein
   Assistant Division Chief
   Project Planning Division
   State Highway Administration
   P.O. Box 717
   Baltimore, MD  21203-0717

   Dear Mr. Kresslein:

        I am responding to your request for concurrence on the
   Alternates Retained for Detailed Study for the U.S. 113 project
   in Worcester County from south of Snow Hill to the Delaware State
   Line,  The study area for the project consists of two sections.
   The southern study area extends from the existing dualized
   portion of U.S. 113 just south of Snow Hill to the existing
   dualized portion of U.S. 113 just south of Berlin.  The northern
   study area extends from the existing dualized portion of U.S. 113
   just north of Berlin to the Delaware state Line.

        In October, 1996, a package describing the alternatives to
   be carried forward for detailed study was distributed to the
   review agencies,  since that time, a combination alternative has
   been added that consists of portions of the initial two
   dualization alternatives.'

        The Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) concurs
   with the modified set of alternatives for detailed study as
   presented in the Preliminary Draft EIS for the project which was  ,
   distributed on February 19, 1997.  These include No-Build
   (Alternative IS and IN); Transportation System Management
   (Alternative 2S and 2N); and the following dualization
   alternatives:  Dualization Along Existing Alignment  (Alternatives
   3S and 3N); Dualization on New Alignment (Alternative 4N
   modified) ; and Combination Alternative (Alternative 4N/3N) .

        As the study progresses, MDE recommends that SHA continue to
   examine potential combination(s) of alternatives.  This will
   result in the selection of an alternative that minimizes
   environmental and social impacts, while still accomplishing the
   project's purpose and need.

                             VI- 130
                         "Together We Can Clean Up'-

-------
  14 '97  1Z:E8R1 MINERALS OIL flND GPS DIV
P. 3/3
Mr. Joseph Kresslein  :
Page  2
8091.
     If you have any questions, please contact me  at (410)  631-
                               Sincerely,
                               Elder A. Ghiolaielli,  jr.
                               Chief, Coastal  done Consistency
EAGJrrcraa

cc:  Gary  Setzer
     Terry Clark/Steve Dawson
                            VI- 131

-------
MDE
MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT
2500 Broening Highway • Baltimore, Maryland 21224
(410)631-3000
urris N. Glendening
3vernor
                                                    Jane T. Nishida
                                                         Secretary
                             March  27,  1997
    Mr.  Louis H. Ege, Jr.                                     z-.?     •
    Deputy Director
    Office of Planning and Preliminary Engineering            "   .1
    State Highway Administration                              r    '  ••
    707  North Calvert Street                              .    7.,'
    Baltimore, MD  21202        '                              1:

    Dear Mr. Ege:                                             ^

         The Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) has
    reviewed the Preliminary Draft Environmental Impact Statement
    (EIS) for the U.S. 113 Planning Study, Snow Hill, Maryland to
    Delaware State Line, dated February 19, 1997.  By letter dated
    March 14, 1997, MDE concurred with the Alternatives Retained for
    Detailed Study as presented in the Preliminary Draft EIS.  At the
    Interagency Meeting on March 19, 1997, the alternatives were
    further refined and an updated alternatives package was faxed to
    review agencies on March 21, 1997.  MDE concurs with the revised
    set  of alternatives to be retained as presented in that package.

         Recognizing that the DEIS will be revised to reflect the
    revised set of alternatives, the following general comments are
    provided on the preliminary document at this time.

    1.    Summary, p. S-5.  This section contains a narrative  summary
         of the TSM and dualization alternatives.  Since alternative
         4N-Modified is retained for detailed study, a narrative
         summary should also be given for "Alternatives 3S and 4N-
         Modified" as a dualization alternative.

    2.    Summary, p. S-6.  Under the section on required permits, the
         NPDES permit is issued by MDE, not EPA.  Also, the last
         bullet should read "Nontidal Wetlands and Waterways  Permit".

    3.    Chapter II.  Alternatives Considered.  At the Interagency
         Meeting on 3/19/97, there was discussion on the functional
         classification of the roadway and its potential affect on
         the feasibility of various alternatives under consideration.
         This section should contain a discussion of the issue.
         Further, if the functional classification deems any  of the
         alternatives under consideration infeasible, those
         alternatives should be eliminated at this point and  not
         addressed in Chapter IV,  Environmental Consequences.

                            VI-132
3 FOR THE DEAF (410) 631-3009
                          "Together We Can Clean Up"
                                                         RtcycladPape


                                                              „/

-------
Mr. Louis H. Ege, Jr.
March 27, 1997
Page 2               ...


4.   Chapter IV, Environmental Consequences, page IV-13.  I agree
     with the recommendation made at the 3/19/97 meeting that
     additional information should be presented in the section on
     land use.  Depending on the extent of the additional detail,
     I would recommend that attempts be made to distinguish
     between overall land use impacts in the study area, and
     those direct and indirect/.secondary impacts specifically
     attributable to the U.S. 113 project.  The land use
     discussion should also address the affect of partially
     controlled access, and the fact that the primary need for
  •/•• the project is for improved safety conditions.

5.   Page IV-30.  The sentence at the middle of this page
     regarding regulation under Section 404 is out of place.
     This sentence should be placed at the end of this section
     and reworded as follows:  "All waters of the United States
     are regulated under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act
     (CWA).  These areas are also regulated by the State of
     Maryland through its wetlands and waterways statutes.
     Project activities impacting jurisdictional waters and
     wetlands will require authorization from the Corps of
     Engineers and the Maryland Department of the Environment."

6.   Chapter VI.  Comments and Coordination, page VI-1.  Please
     note in this section that MDE had no comments on the Purpose
     and Need Statement for the project.

     Thank you for the opportunity to provide  comments  on the
Preliminary Draft EIS.  If you have any questions, please contact
me  at  (410) 631-8093.
                               Sincerely,
                               Elder A.
                               Chief,
                               Wetlands
                                               AM.-
   elli, Jr.
  Zone Consistency
'Waterways Program
BAG Jr : cma
cc:   Gary Setzer
      Terry Clark/ Steve Dawson
                          VI- 133

-------
Mr. Timothy E. Goodger
US 113 from MD 394 to Delaware
Page Two


Concurrence with Alternates Retained for Detailed Study


Please check one:
            Concur (without comments)

            Concur (comments attached)

            Do not concur (comments attached)
 National Marine Fisheries
Date
 Attachment
 cc:    Mr. Lee Carrigan
       Mr. Louis H. Ege, Jr.
       Mr. Joseph Kresslein
       Ms. Gay Olsen
       Ms. Renee Sigel
       Ms. Cynthia Simpson
       Mr. Alan Straus
       Ms. Lorraine Straw
                               VI- 134

-------
                                UNITEO STATES- DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini*tratfor
                                NATIONAL MARINE RSHSUES SERVICE
                                Habitat And Protected
                                Resources Division
                                Oxford, Maryland  21654
     ",~          ..:••             November .25, 1996            '
 Louis -H. Ege, Jr.;..-  -     • .
 Deputy Director,--Office Of Planning & Preliminary Engineering*
 State Highway Administration             .      ...
 P.O.  Boac 717 : :-•-"
 Baltimore, Maryland  21203-0717
      *..',•-..'.'.       '              '             .   •
 Attn:  Gay Olseri '•'•'.

 Dear Mr. jEges  •' "                       •

 We  nave 'reviewed the Alternatives Retained for  Detailed Study,
 dated September 1996, for the proposed dualization of U.S. Route
 113  from Snow HiH to the Delaware State Line in Worcester County,
 Maryland.  Based on information we have obtained from the subject
 document and  the September 1996  Interagency Meeting, we  do not
 concur with these ^selections at this time,	,
 •ป" :, ""•"•"*••"/;• '!ฃ*•{••"/ v.~.s^v*Viป5ป"ป'''?t "•"•'•'" "'•'• '. '• •       .    .        '.'"'. .•;' • -:- .
 Our concerns rest primarily -with the high level of wetland impacts
 associated .;:;:with';•-'• Alternate    4N-Modified,  ..which • have   been
 preliminarily-estimated as 28.5 acres.   Nontidal" wetland impacts
 associated with this  project will  indirectly affect estuarine fish
 resources through-degradation of water quality.  Nutrient loading
 and poor gjiality of surface water-and groundwater sources have been
 identified .as.'major  problems  affecting estuarine habitat in the
 Maryland bade bays. X. Consequently,  it  J-s  imperative that wetland
 losses  ".associated-with  this  arid other .'significant development
 proposals in the back, bay watersheds' be minimized.

 While Alternate 3H may result  in 'a lower level of wetland impacts, .
 its  ultimate  selection  may be hampered -by  the. large  number of
 residential displacements  associated  with  it.   Therefore, ' we
 strongly recommend that  you  inxesticwte various  combinations of
 the 3N and 4N-Mbdified aliqnments   to aeteraane ir a new alternate
 can be  aevelopea for the northern portion  of the  study area that
 reduces the  level of wetland  impacts, while still  minimizing
 impacts-to residential and'commercial properties.
               •
 If there are any questions concerning these comments, you may call
John S.  Nichols at (410)  226-5771.
                                                  .tor
cc:
FRTS  (Bill schultz, Annapolis)
EPA. (NEPA Program, Region m)
MD DNR (Environmental Review)
MDE  (Water Quality certification)

                       VI-135
                                                              A

-------
        Maryland Departmental'Transportation
        State Highway Administration
David L. Winstead
Secretary

Parker F. Williams
Administrator
                                    December 23, 1996

                              RE:   Project No. WO720B11
                                    US 113: Snow Hill to
                                    Delaware State Line
                                    PDMS No. 232084
Mr. Timothy E. Goodger
Habitat and Protected Resources                                         -
National Marine Fisheries Service
Oxford Laboratory
Oxford MD 21650

ATTN: Mr. John Nichols

Dear Mr. Goodger:

      Thank you for your November 25 letter offering comments on the Alternates
Retained for Detailed Study. We understand your concerns with wetland impacts
associated with Alternate 4N Modified and its effect on estuarine fishery resources. Be
assured that we are aware of the importance of minimizing those impacts.

      As recommended in your letter, a Combination Alternate which uses portions of
Alternates 3N and 4N Modified will be also be presented in the draft environmental
document.  We have included in the development of alternates for this project, the
option of combining various segments of each alternate to maximize the flexibility in
avoiding and minimizing impacts. After the December, 1995 Alternates Public Meeting,
we analyzed each individual segment to determine if it adequately addressed the
project purpose and need and whether it should be modified to minimize project cost
and impacts. As reflected in the Alternates Retained for Detailed Study package, some
segments of Alternate 4N from just north of MD 90 to Jarvis Road (highlighted on the
attached mapping) were dropped after this analysis in order to minimize wetland
impacts and relocation costs.  The attached table better illustrates the comparison of
impacts associated with the segments which were dropped versus comparable
segments of Alternate 4N Modified, which were retained for detailed study. This
discussion, as  well as an impacts comparison table, broken down by segments, will be
included in the draft environmental document.
                               VI- 136
                   Maryland Relay Service for Impaired Hearing or Speech
                         1-800-735-2258 Statewide Toll Free
              Mailing Address: P.O. Box 717 • Baltimore, MD 21203-0717
          Street Address: 707 North Calvert Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21202

-------
 Mr. Timothy E. Goodger
 US 113: Snow Hill to Delaware
 Page Two
       The Combination Alternate will follow the Alternate 4N Modified alignment from
 US 50 north, through the previously graded interchange area at MD 90, across existing
 US 113 at MD 589, bypassing the town of Showell to the east.  Like Alternate 4N
 Modified, the Combination Alternate ties back into existing US 113 just north of
 Showell, but then follows Alternate 3N along the existing US 113 alignment to the
 northern project terminus at the Delaware State Line.

       We hope that this information addresses your concerns and again request your
 concurrence on the Alternates Retained for Detailed Study.

       Should you have any further questions or concerns, please feel free to contact
 Mr. Joseph Kresslein at (410) 545-8550.
                                    Very truly yours,

                                    Louis H. Ege, Jr.
                                    Deputy Director
                                    Office of Planning and
                                    Preliminary Engineering
Attachments (3)
cc:   Ms. Danielle Algazi
      Mr. Ray Dintaman
      Mr. Louis H. Ege, Jr.
      Mr. John Forren
      Mr. Elder Ghigiarelli
      Mr. Keith Harris
      Mr. Joseph Kresslein
      Mr. Rodney Little
      Mr. James T. Noonan
                                       2ph R. kresleih
                                    Assistant Division Chief
                                    Project Planning Division
     Ms. Gay Olsen
     Mrs. Suseela Rajan
     Ms. Renee Sigel
     Ms. Cynthia Simpson
     Ms. Lorraine Straw
     Mr. Jim Wynn
     Mr. Robert Zepp
V-137

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                                          NORTHERN STUDY AREA
                                    Alternative Segment Impact Comparison

   Southern Segment (north of US 50 to MD 589) - Preliminary Impact Summary
    Displacements
             Residences
             Businesses
             TOTAL

    Environmental Impacts
             Wetlands
             100-year Floodplain
             Historic Properties*

10
o
10
3.5
3.3
2
* ?&*>'
!
fi
1
7.1
0.0
0
,4N Option A
1
fl
1
7.1
0.0
0
4N Option B,J
1
Q
i
7.1
0.0
0
:4NMo
i
Q
1
7.1
0.0
0
           ' Direct ROW impacts only, indirect impacts (ie. noise, visual, etc.) are still under evaluation

  Middle Segment (MD 589 to Jarvis Road) - Preliminary Impact Summary
/-', ; -"ALTERNATE '„"'..:'
Displacements
Residences
Businesses
TOTAL
Environmental Impacts
Wetlands
100-year Floodplain
	 Historic Properties'
< V3N'

4
0
4

7.8
2.1
1
4N V

1
0
1

9.1
4.1
0
4N Option A

2
o
2

10.8
5.2
0
4N Option B

f.

6

B 4
3 i
0
4N Modified1



_
1

& 1
2ฃ
0
         ' Direct ROW impacts only, indirect impacts (ie. noise, visual, etc.) are still under evaluation

 Northern Segment (Jarvis Road to the Delaware State Line) - Preliminary Impact Summary
-.-.^ ,%! ALTERNATE,; '"- ,
Displacements
Residences
Businesses
TOTAL
Environmental Impacts
Wetlands
100-year Floodplain
Historic Properties'
jy. '•
" ,: 3N1- ;-

6
6
12

2.2
0.8
1
:;<-:

1
3
4

16.2
0.8
1
4N Option A'

1
3.
4

16.2
0.8
1
;4Nf>ptionB:


1
5

16.2
0.8
1
38&aifba'


2
3

15.3
0.8
1
        ' Direct ROW impacts only, indirect impacts (ie. noise, visual, etc.) are still under evaluation

1 This segment is included in the Combined Alternate
                                          VI- 138

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VI- 140

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c
                                UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERC
                                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrati
                                NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
                                Habitat And Protected
                                Resources Division
                     ,.?-,  .     '  Oxford,  Maryland  21654
                           ^  -••' ;..; ;';/
                                March 31, 1997

 Louis H. Ege, Jr.
 Deputy Director, Office Of Planning & Preliminary Engineering
 State Highway Administration
 P.O.  Box 717
 Baltimore, Maryland  21203-0717

 Attn:  Gay Olsen, Project Planning Division

 Dear  Mr. Ege:

 We have  reviewed the draft Environmental  Impacts Statement, Section
 404 application, and supplemental information  on project alternates
 that  are to be retained for  detailed study for  the U.S Route 113
 Planning Study in Worcester,  County,  Maryland.

 We provide our concurrence at this point in the combined NEPA/404
 review process on this project for the following  list of alternates
 retained for detailed study.

 1)   Alternates is and IN (No Build)

 2)   Alternates 2S and 2N (Basic TSM)

 3)   Alternate^23  (Two-lane  roadway  with  20-foot  median,  median
           barrier,  passing lanes,  and 60mph design speed)

 4)   Alternates  3S  and   3N   (Four-lane  dualized  roadway  along
           existing  alignment  with  20-foot   median  and  median
           barrier;  50 and 60mph design  in northern  study area;
           60mph design only  in the southern study area)

 5) •   Alternates  3S  and   3N   (Four-lane  dualized  roadway  along
           existing alignment  with 34-foot median; 50  and 60mph
           design in northern  study area; 60mph design only in the
           southern study  area)

 6)   Alternate 4N  Modified   (Four-lane  dualized  roadway  on  new
           locations,  with  20-foot  median)

7)   Alternate 4N  Modified   (Four-lane  dualized  roadway  on  new
           locations,  with  34-foot  median)
         8)    Alternate 3N/4N Combination (Four-lane dualized  roadway with
                    partial new location, with 20-foot median)

         9)    Alternate 3N/4N Combination (Four-lane dualized  roadway
                    partial new location/ with 34-foot median)

                                    VI-141

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Regarding  Alternate  2S;  we  recommend  that  a  large  degree  of
flexibility be retained for this alternate to ensure that design,
cost and/or construction constraints do not result in its premature
elimination from the review process.  As many design variations as
possible should be considered for the 2S Alternate,  with the goal
of designing a safe two-lane highway that will significantly reduce
wet land/ stream impacts beyond those associated with the four-lane
highway alternates  for the southern study area.   Considerations
under this alternate should also go further to include the use of
a 34-foot  grassed median  strip, should this be  required for the
purposes of providing adequate stormwater management.

We also concur with the most recent proposal to construct either a
grassed or crowned concrete median design on all alternates, with
elimination of the curb and gutter design.

We are very concerned about new stream crossings at Middle Branch
and Church Branch that are proposed for all build  alternates in the
northern study area (except 3N,  SOmph design) .  If an alternate is
selected  that will  require  new  stream  crossings, complete  or
partial  bridging  of  the  new  crossings  should be given  full
consideration  to minimize  impacts to  stream channel/floodplain
morphometry and hydrology.

Finally, all tributary streams within the  Pocomoke River watershed
that  are  affected  by  the  southern study  area are  documented
spawning grounds  for white perch  (Morone  americana) , yellow perch
(Perca  flavescens) ,  alewife  (Alosa  pseudoharencms )  and blueback
herring (Alosa aestivalisl (Weinrich et al., 1987; Jim Mowrer, 1997
personal communication, Maryland Department Of Natural Resources,
Fisheries  Division) .   White perch  and  possibly  yellow  perch
spawning runs, and  migratory runs of the elver stage of American
eels  (Anguilla rostrata)  are also known  to  occur  in many of the
tributaries  to the  coast embayments  (Al Wische,  1997 personal
communication, Maryland Department Of Natural Resources,  Fisheries
Division) .  Consequently, instream construction  activities should
be restricted from February 15 to June 15 at all proposed crossings
of  tributaries within  the  Pocomoke River  and coastal  embayment
watersheds.

If there are any questions concerning these comments, you may call
John S. Nichols at  (410) 226-5771.
                               Sincerely ,
                               Timothy E. GocMge
                               Officer In Charge
                               Oxford Habitat Office
                           VI- 142

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                         LITERATURE CITED
Weinrich,  Dale R., N.H.  Butowski,  E.W. Franklin,  and J.P. Mowrer.
     1987.  Investigation of  anadromous alosids. Project  Number
     F-37-R.  Maryland Department Of Natural Resources,  Fisheries
     Division.
                          VI- 143

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MARYLAND
HISTORICAL
                         Parris N. Glendening. Governor
                           Patricia J. Payne. Secretary
T R  U  S  T
                                 November 15,  1996
rice of Preservation Services
  Ms. Gay Olsen
  Project Planning Division
  State Highway Administration
  707 North  Calvert Street
  Baltimore,  Maryland  21203-0717
                                 RE:
         Project No.  WO 720B11
         US 113 from  MD 394 to the
         Delaware  State Line
         Worcester County,  MD
  Dear Ms.  Olsen:
       Thank you for your letter, dated  11  October 1996 and
  received by the Trust on 15 October  1996,  requesting our comments
  on the Alternatives Retained for Detailed Study for the above-
  referenced project.

       The Trust has no specific comments regarding the
  alternatives retained for detailed study.   The Environmental
  Impacts  section of the document should note that the Trust holds
  a perpetual historic preservation easement on the St. Martin's
  Church property.  The two build alternates both have the
  potential to affect significant historic  and archeological
  properties.  SHA has not yet conducted archeological surveys of
  the build alternates.   Thus, we are unable to make informed
  comments regarding effects to historic properties (including
  standing structures and archeological  properties) until we have
  received the results of SHA's identification and evaluation of
  archeological resources within the two alternatives .

       We  are concerned about the basis  for the numbers SHA
  illustrated for environmental impacts  to  historic properties
  listed in Figures 7 and 8.   The document mentions at least 10
  properties listed on or eligible for the  National Register of
  Historic Places.   The figures give  precise numbers for impacts
  to historic properties.  However, SHA  and the Trust have not yet
  resolved all eligibility or boundary issues or assessed the
  project's effects to those resources.   In addition, please
  remember that under Section 106, effects  may encompass more than
  direct impacts or taking of eligible properties.    In our
  opinion, it is premature and misleading to include precise number
  of impacts when SHA and the Trust have not yet progressed to that
  stage of the Section 106 process.
                       Division o*!; " •' "' " t Cultural Programs   ,-,    I
100 Community Place
.:.!:,.., ---- 1 21032 • (410) 514-
                                                          +3 (g,
          Tin- Maryland Department i>f Housing and Community Development (DHCD) pledges to foxier
            the letter anil spirit of the law for achieving equal hoaxing opportunity in Marylanit.
                                                                          ฎ

-------
Ms. Gay Olsen
November 15, 1996
Page 2
     We trust that SHA will undertake the archeological
                                                     '
complete  the project's  Section  106 review.

      If you have questions or require  additional  information,
please call Ms.  Kimberly P.  Williams  (for structures) at  (410)
514-7637  or me (for archeology)  at  (410)  514-7631.   Thank you  tor
providing us  this opportunity to comment.
                               Sincerely,
                               Elizabeth J.  Cole
                               Administrator
                               Archeological Services
 EJC/EAH
 9603648

 cc:  Mr. Bruce Grey
      Dr. Charlie Hall
      Ms. Renee Sigel
      Mr. Keith Harris
      Mrs. Howard F. Yerges
      Mrs. Ricks Savage
                           VI- 145

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Dates:


Attendance:
 Project
 Subject
               MEMORANDUM OF AGENCY/PUBLIC FIELD REVIEW MEETINGS
                                                                                193-70-7
(1)     Thursday August 3,1995
(2)     Friday August 4,1995

Name               Organization
10 AM to 3PM
9 AM to Noon
              Maryland State Highway Administration
              LeeCarrigan(1,2)
              Paul Mabney (1,2)
              Lorraine Strow (1,2)
              Howard ? (1)
              Wayne? Pan? (1)
              Bill Branch (1,2)
              Glenn Evans (1,2)
              Hicham Baassiri (1)
              GeneCofiell(l)
              Donnie Drewer (1)
                    SHA - Project Planning
                    SHA - Project Planning
                    SHA - Project Planning
                    SHA
                    SHA-Bridge H&H
                    SHA - Environmental Design
                    SHA - Dist 1, Construction
                    SHA-Dist 1
                    SHA -Disll Traffic
                    SHA - Dist 1, District Engineer
              State and Federal Agencies
              Mary Huie (1)
              John Nichols (1)
              Art Coppola (1)
              Steve Dawson (1)
                    FHWA
                    National Marine Fisheries Service
                    Army Corps of Engineers
                    Non-tidal Wetlands & Waterways, MDE
              Worcester County and Local Representatives
              Jeanne Lynch (1)
              Hal Morris (1)
              Warren Rosenthal (2)
              Rex Haily (1,2)
              Bennett Bozman (2)
                    Worcester County Commissioners
                    Worcester County Transportation Department
                    Worcester County Economic Development
                    Berlin
                    38th District
              Public (including CRASH members)
                                  CRASH-Snow Hill
                                  CRASH
                                  CRASH
                                  CRASH
                                  CRASH &OPA
                                  Daily Times
Ray Jackson (1)
Jack Lord (1)
BobHulburd(1,2)
Louise Ash (2)
Tony Kanz (2)
Sean O'Sullivan (2)
Perry Weed (1)
 Rummel, Klepper & Kahl, Engineers

 David Wallace (1)      RK&K

 U.S. 113 - Worcester Highway • Planning Study
 From MD 394 (Market Street) Split to the Delaware state fine
 Contract No. WO 720-101-170-P

 Field Review
                                 Phone#
                            (410) 333-4582
                            (410) 333-4582
                            (410) 333-1184
                            (410) ???-834?
                            (410) ???-834?
                            (410) 333-8083
                            (410) 543-6715
                            (410) 543-6715
                            (410)543-6715
                            (410) 543-6715
                            (410) 962-4440
                            (410)226-5771
                            (410) 962-1723
                            (410) 543-6703
                            (410) 213-2229
                            (410) 632-1200
                            (410)632-3110
                            (410)641-3830
                            (410) 641-2227
                            (410) 632-0300
                            (410) 352-9867
                            (410) 641-5300
                            (410) 632-2600
                            (410) 641-8071
                            (410) 749-7171
                            (410) 822-0822
                                                                           (410) 728-2900
                                    VI- 146

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BRIEFING
        Prior to the bus tour, David Wallace, Lee Carrigan, and others briefed those present on project histor
and need. With the aid of a handout presenting project background, traffic data, accident data, design criteria
and a detailed listing of recently completed/current/anticipated construction projects by the District as well a.<
a pair of 11" x 17" color project maps (scale 1" = 6,000'ฑ), the following topics were discussed:

•       Traffic  data: including SHA's recent collection of traffic data and summer weekday and summe
        weekends. On the basis of comments offered by those present, SHA agreed to present conslderabl
        traffic details, including data on truck characteristics, at the Alternates Public Meeting to be held thi
        fall (December, 1995).

•       The graphic summarizing fatal accidents was reviewed.  In addition to this exhibit, several citfeer
        requested additional information concerning overall accident experience, including personal injury ar
        property damage only accidents.

•       In response to a question from a citizen concerning"... what environmental regulations have change
        since SHA's study several years ago of bypass alternatives at Showell", Lee Carrigan stated that tr
        approved  classification methodology for wetiand determinations has been relaxed (in essenc
        returning to  the 1987 criteria).  In response to a citizen's question concerning the outcome of &
        Maryland - Delaware funded Beach Access Study, SHA representatives stated that Delaware stopjx
        the project because of concerns that any improvements would result in the additional funnelling
        Maryland traffic destined to Ocean City, Maryland through Delaware.

•       In response to a citizen's question concerning construction costs, specifically referring to Delaware
        recent cost for the duaRzation of their final US 113 segment, District Engineer Don Drewer indicate
        that while the District can fund "special projects" that have tess than a $2 million value, construct*
        of US 113 would represent a major capital investment Furthermore, this project is too large to I
        constructed as one  project, in all likelihood, three construction contracts would be required f
    '    dualization of the section between Berlin and the state fine. Each constructed segmentwould ha
        to be usable.
                                     VI- 147

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(1) THURSDAY, AUGUST 3,1995 - FIELD REVIEW

       Following the above briefing, those present boarded a Worcester County-Ride bus and toured the US
113 project corridor from the southern project limit to the Delaware State line.  Typically, the tour stopped for
a visual inspection of every stream crossing (environmental data concerning wetland characteristics were
reviewed), every historic site (inventory data reviewed) and every recent or proposed construction project
being implemented by the District

       The following additional comments were recorded during this review:

•      Desirably,  the median width on the dualized alternative must be of sufficient width to shelter a WB-50
       or B-40 vehicle.

•      In response to Jack Lord's suggestion, SHA agreed to investigate interchange options at Maryland
       90  - specifically,  could a frontage road  serve as the connection between the presently graded
       cloverleaf interchange at MD 90 and relocated US 113 instead of the connection currently being
       constructed in the southwest quadrant

•      At Carey Creek, Bill Branch  requested that Steve Dawson check DNR's records for the protection
       status of a branded sunfish which may exist in this creek.

•      The accident classification (personal Injury, property damage, etc.) should be checked for US 113
       within the  project limits.

•      In response to a citizen's question asking "Because US 113 is a US Route, shouldn't it make more
       sense to dualize the route?". SHA responded... "not necessarily - a need for dualizatfon must be
       demonstrated."

•      In response to a citizen's question stating "SHA is working on the Purpose and Need for the project
       now, how will the traffic and accident statistics effect the approval of the project? Will they hurt or help
       the changes?" to this, SHA answered That being below the statewide average In almost all cases.
       the traffic  and accident statistics wiH not help prove the need for dualization."
                                       VI- 148

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(2)  FRIDAY, AUGUST 4,1995 - FIELD REVIEW

       For the benefit of those who could not attend the Thursday field review, Lee Carrigan again briefe
the attendees about the project and distributed the handouts.  The US 113 project corridor was toured fro
south to north in similar fashion to the previous day's field review.

       The following additional comments were recorded during this review.

.     The public may want the southernmost end of the project around Snow Hill constructed soon.

       There is an Indian Burial Ground approximately 1000 feet east of US 113. south of Five Mile Cre<

•     Taylorville fTim/ille?) Road Tax ditch 1,000 feet before MD 90, south of MD 90.

.      Houses are being built on Shingle Landing Road, near the north end of the job, where SH
        relocated alternates from the 1990 project planning study.

.      Traffic may be too low at MD 589 to the Delaware Line. Glenn will supply counts on MD 589.

•      CRASH representatives requested copies of the Fatal Accident graphic, traffic count work sheets,
        accident statistic work sheets.
 DVWWsms
                                  VI-149

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          US 113
   (Worcester Highway)

Snow Hill to the Delaware State Line
          Field Review
        August 3 & 4, 1995
  Maryland State Highway Administration

       Rummel, Klepper & Kahl
         VI- 150

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r—
US 113 Project Planning Study

Field Review
                                                                   August, 1995
    PROJECT SUMMARY



    US 113
         a
                       ซ•ป
 roadway, typically wfth fuD shoulders.


     USIiaproiecthasbeenirUheHW

     ent HNI shows duafizattan for *• "jJ^J" ^ done?Sปan projects to avoid large scale
        cluded that improvemente to US 1 13 ^should Deaone as *    H i   ^Q Deiaware State
                   tesPubl.cMeet.ngfor^eno^^^               Currently, this





                                   ™
  I ^10 wu ^^k^**ป^ป ••ป•*• " •—    •       —

  resource agencies in May, 1995.



  TRAFFIC/ACCIDENT SUMMARY
           Southern Study Area
           (dualized section)
           (Berlin to Delaware Line)
         Truck percentage of Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Is approximate* 10ft
   !n the AM(PM) peak period !n year 2015.
                                         -1-
                               VI- 151

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US 113 Project Planning Study
Field Review
                                     August, 1995
     Southern Study Area (Snow
     Hill to Berlin) 16.1 miles
     Berlin Area 4.4 miles
     (dualized section)
     Northern Study Area (Berlin
     to Delaware Line) 7.45 miles
 140
  77
 167
1/1
7/7
                                                                       63/113
                                                                       42/93
                                                                       91/177
 Both the southern and northern study areas are tower than the statewide average total acadent
 rate for similarly designed highways.  Fatalities, however, were slgnrficanMy higher than the
 statewide average in the northern study area. The majority of accidents are angle^accidentsi caused
 by turning vehicles and opposite direction accidents caused by failing to keep to the nght of center.

 The accident data also revealed two high accident intersections along US 113. The first Is MD376
 (1992) and the second is MD 346 (1990).  There were no high accident sections for this penod.
 DESIGN CRITERIA
          Functional Classification:
          Design Speed:
        • Dual Typical Section:   .
Arterial
60MPH
    (ft is currently Arterial)
    (except in  constrained  areas