'
-------
ACCN 1 3929
TYPE 2 CAT
DB "~" "*"""" 3 ELAL, '^' ~^"
MTi 4 Summary of the 1994 budget
CORP 5 Office of the Comptroller
PUBL 6 US EPA
MYDATE V 0493
CALLNO 8 EPA-205-S-93-001
RN 9 EPA-205-S-93-001
LOCATION 10 elad
-------
\
I ^mfa 1 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
* -Vlfr- * WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
^. .iff
THE ADMINISTRATOR
MESSAGE FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR:
I am pleased to present the 1994 budget for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
This budget demonstrates the President's strong commitment to protecting human health and the
environment. It begins the process of change that will shape this Nation's environmental policy
well into the future.
The environment is not a secondary concern in this Administration - - it is a full player
with a seat at the table. This new integration of environmental protection into the mainstream
of national policy will ensure that we promote economic prosperity as we achieve a cleaner
environment.
The Administration has committed to achieving government-wide fiscal savings for 1994.
Consistent with this effort and the Administration's ambitious environmental plans, the EPA is
taking action in 1994 to limit new spending in some areas, while focusing valuable resources on
critical environmental concerns.
The mission of the Agency in FY 1994 will be guided by several principles: among
these principles are fostering innovative approaches to the nation's environmental concerns,
pursuing sound environmentalism as an integral component of the Administration's plan to
promote economic growth, and securing a safe and healthy environment for future generations.
Every generation has a responsibility to create a better life for the one that follows. I
believe the EPA's 1994 budget is an important first step in moving the Agency into a new era
of environmental protection. EPA cannot accomplish its objectives on its own. We require the
active participation of all of our environmental partners, including other government agencies
and the private sector. I intend to be a consensus builder on environmental policy and promote
a strong relationship between government, business and environmentalists. I am convinced that
there is more that brings us all together than divides us.
As President Clinton stated in his Inaugural Address, "Posterity is the world to come.
The world . . . from whom we have borrowed our planet and to whom we bear sacred
responsibility." I welcome you to join the EPA in our efforts to meet this responsibility and
provide a safe and environmentally sound planet for our future.
Carol M. Browner
Administrator
Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
-------
CONTENTS
^
PAGE
OVERVIEW OF THE 1994 BUDGET 3
OPERATING BUDGET SUMMARY 11
Air 13
Water Quality 17
Drinking Water 21
Hazardous Waste 23
Pesticides 27
Radiation 29
Multimedia 31
Toxic Substances 35
Management & Support 37
Oil Spills 41
INSPECTOR GENERAL 43
SUPERFUND 47
LUST 53
WATER INFRASTRUCTURE 57
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 61
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS 69
APPENDIX: BUDGET TABLES 75
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
Chicago, IL 60604-3590
-------
NOTE: The charts on the following pages include the 1993 Current
Estimate and the 1994 President's Budget. Unless otherwise
noted, all comparisons between 1994 and 1993 budget levels in the
narrative refer to the 1993 Current Estimate and 1994 President's
Budget. (The "Current Estimate" is the Agency's current plan for
using its resources.)
References to workyears refer to total workyears rather than only
"permanent" workyears. Additionally, some numbers may not add
due to independent rounding.
Cover Photo: Steve Delaney
-------
OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW OF THE 1994 BUDGET
The 1994 President's Budget for the
Environmental Protection Agency demonstrates
the President's strong commitment to
implementing and enforcing the Nation's
environmental laws. This request clearly sets the
stage for the Administration's goal of pursuing a
new environmental agenda. With this budget
request, we will pursue sound environmentalism
as a major and integral component of the
Administration's plans to promote economic
growth, trim the budget deficit, rebuild the
Nation's infrastructure and develop a long-term
strategy to improve the economy.
The Agency's 1994 Budget is $6.4 billion
and 17,469 workyears. When added to the
Administration's $916 million economic stimulus
package for 1993, this budget represents an
increase of $375.1 million over 1993 appropriated
levels. The request includes $2.7 billion and
13,861 workyears for our operating programs,
$1.5billion and 3,514 workyears for the Superfund
program, and $75 million and 93 workyears for
the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST)
program. In addition, $2.05 billion is provided for
infrastructure funding, including a Clean Water
State Revolving Fund with expanded eligibilities,
and a Drinking Water State Revolving Fund.
EPA must move quickly to adopt
aggressive environmental protection strategies
that slow pollution and waste production, establi sh
the United States as a world leader in
environmental protection, eliminate unnecessary
spending to help with serious fiscal constraints,
and enhance the integrity of the regulatory
decision-making process. EPA's mission requires
a more holistic perspective that crosses traditional
department boundaries and promotes an
enhancement of our national environmental ethic.
The 1994 budget starts the Agency on a
new road. It is restructured to address the
Administration's commitment to a streamlined
and efficient federal government. Through
streamlining, reduced administrative costs, and
targeted programmatic changes, savings will be
achieved throughout the Agency's programs
without compromising environmental protection.
In order to focus the 1994 resources toward our
most serious environmental and infrastructure
concerns, five priority areas are addressed in the
budget request. These are ecosystem approaches,
lead, pollution prevention, science and technology,
and resources management. These areas are
discussed below in further detail.
1993 Economic Stimulus Package
The 1994 budget request builds upon
programs started with resources provided in the
1993 Economic Stimulus Package. This package
includes resources for three major components:
$845 million to complete the existingauthorization
for wastewater SRFs; $47 million for nonpoint
source grants to help restore watershed resources;
and $23 million to promote the use of energy
efficient 'green' technologies to reduce energy
consumption and foster pollution prevention. The
Stimulus Package and the entire proposed budget
plan for 1994'reflect the Administration's
commitment to incorporate environmental values
into all aspects of the federal government.
HIGHLIGHTS
Ecosystem Approaches
Ecosystem protection and sustainability
are a major priority of the Agency in the 1994
budget request. The Agency has targeted specific
geographic areas where ithas taken an ecologically
based, multimedia approach to risk reduction
and environmental cleanup.
The Agency will continue to target the
three great water bodies — the Great Lakes, the
Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. The
approaches taken in each of these watersheds are
both innovative and effective in curbing the
potential risk to human health and the
environment and function as models for future
environmental restoration activities in other
watersheds.
In addition to the three great water bodies,
the Agency will target ecosystems that are vital to
local communities. These include lakes, estuaries,
wetlands, streams and rivers that are essential to
quality of life throughout the United States. The
Agency will not only approach the preservation
and restoration of ecosystems from the standpoint
-------
OVERVIEW
of water quality but also from the standpoint of
the restoration and protection of living resources
on an ecosystem-wide scale.
Lead
Lead poisoning affects children
nationwide, as well as construction workers who
handle lead-painted materials. EPA estimates
that one sixth of the children in the United States
have levels of lead in their blood in excess of the
Center for Disease Control's (CDC) level of concern.
The highest incidence of lead poisoning in children
has been reported in urban areas. Exposure can
come from many sources, including drinking
water, air emissions, and waste products.
However, the major contributors are paint, dust
and soil.
EPA's Lead Exposure Reduction Strategy
focuses on reducing lead exposure to the fullest
extent practicable, with particular emphasis on
reducing the risk to children. To achieve this
goal, the Agency has set two objectives. The first
is to significantly reduce the incidence of elevated
blood lead levels above the CDC standards in
children, while taking into account associated
costs and benefits. The second is to reduce,
through voluntary or regulatory actions,
unacceptable lead exposures that pose risk to
children, the general population, or to the
environment. The Agency is also establishing a
lead state grant program designed to provide
startup assistance for states to develop and
strengthen their own lead reduction programs.
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
is the legislative force behind the Agency's diligent
effort to eliminate the hazards of lead. TSCA was
recently amended in 1992 by the Residential
Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act (Title
X). In response to the mandates contained in the
statutes, EPA is developing methods to identify
geographic lead "hot spots", and issuing
regulations so that states can develop programs
to train lead abatement workers, accredit worker
training programs and laboratories, and certify
abatement contractors.
EPA is pursuing several cross-media
activities that will help focus our planning and
future risk reduction efforts. These activities will
improve the public's understanding of risk and
how to minimize that risk, and also help our state,
local, and private sector partners improve their
capabilities to identify hazards and reduce risk.
EPA will continue working closely with
the CDC, the Department of Housing and Urban
Development, the Consumer Product Safety
Commission and other agencies to build an
infrastructure at the state and local levels (and
the private sector) to respond to "real-world"
needs involving lead hazard identification,
management, and abatement.
Pollution Prevention
Pollution prevention remains a
cornerstone of all EPA policy. It will be EPA's
preferred strategy to achieve environmental goals.
Followingthe mandate of the Pollution Prevention
Act of 1990, the Agency is moving to integrate
pollution prevention into its core functions and to
build pollution prevention programs in
collaboration with the states, local governments,
other Federal Agencies and private industry.
The Agency believes it is vital to integrate
pollution prevention methods into its basic
regulatory functions. EPA will emphasize
pollution prevention in the development of new
regulations, such as in the Source Reduction
Review Project. Permitting of facilities will be
geared to encourage source reduction, rather than
emissions control. Media grants and economic
incentives will be designed as much as possible to
encourage pollution prevention. In enforcement,
EPA will add training and technical support for
inspectors so that they will be able to identify and
develop pollution prevention opportunities. By
integrating pollution prevention initiatives into
EPA's programs, the Agency will also help the
Nation achieve its environmental goals more
quickly and at less cost.
EPA will continue to build cooperative
pollution prevention programs and target state
and local grants to strengthen pollution
prevention. The Agency will gear its state and
-------
OVERVIEW
local media grants and informational and technical
support programs to build pollution prevention
programs. Localities, states and other Federal
Agencies are also joining EPA's collaborative
programs with private industry. Through these
non-regulatory programs, such as 33/50 and the
Green Programs, the Agency hopes to stimulate
substantial pollution reduction in a flexible
manner, without going through the detailed
federal regulatory process.
As part of the President's long-term
investment strategy, EPA's largest 1994 pollution
prevention investment is in the Green Programs.
Building on the success of the Green Lights
Program, the Green Programs will help industry
target and implement investments in high
efficiency energy technologies. In 1994, the Green
Programs will expand implementation support
for Green Lights and Energy Star Computers,
build programs in energy efficient heating, cooling,
and buildings, and develop natural gas and
methane reduction programs. The goals of this
effort will be to help companies lower operating
costs, stimulate capital investment, increase jobs,
and reduce energy use. The Administration sees
this as an important demonstration of
environmental policy working to improve the
Nation's economic strength.
Better technology and the rational
consideration of pollution externalities in federal
and private decisions hold great promise for the
Nation to use its resources more effectively.
Cooperating with small businesses and other
Federal laboratories, EPA laboratories are helping
stimulate the development of new pollution
prevention technologies. The Agency remains
committed to NEPA's goal of ensuring that
environmental factors are considered in the
development of the Federal government's plans
and programs. EPA looks forward to working
extensively with DOE, DOI and other Federal
Agencies to develop environmentally sensitive
resource use plans.
EPAbelieves that accurate measurement
is crucial for effective pollution prevention
programs. The Toxic Release Inventory has
already proved remarkably effective in helping
industry target vast source reduction
opportunities. EPA will build on this success
with the Pollution Prevention Information
Clearinghouse and by developing Life Cycle
Assessment methodology.
Science and Technology
The Agency is seeking ways to improve
the knowledge, understanding and information
available concerning long-term environmental
goals through investments in science and
technology. The underlying intent is to improve
the capacity of the federal government to establish
and achieve long-term science and technology
goals and strengthen mechanisms through which
long range strategic planning can assist in
fulfilling environmental objectives.
The Agency will initiate an integrated
cross-media program supporting the President's
Environmental Technology Initiative (ETI). ETI
resources are being requested to work with other
federal agencies and the private sector to develop
and implement new environmental technologies
which will lower costs, increase effectiveness and
expand environmental compliance. EPA will, in
conjunction with the Department of Commerce
and other federal agencies, promote the transfer
of environmentally desirable technologies to
enhance U.S. objectives such as international
environmental protection and sustain
international economic development. Assistance
will be provided to countries that identify key
technological needs which focus on specific
environmental problems.
Water and waste technology needs also
will be addressed through innovative technologies
developed in areas of site restoration and
municipal infrastructure, includingrecycling. The
technology initiative emphasizes public/private
partnerships to develop solutions facing site
remediation, incineration and research and
development of biological chemical alternatives
for treatment of chlorinated wastes.
Additional science and technology
investments include improving and maintaining
the Agency's research and development
infrastructure by addressingmaterial weaknesses
identified under FMFIA and promoting efficient
risk reduction behavior by encouraging industry
-------
OVERVIEW
to incorporate environmental consideration into
the design of their products. The Agency will also
invest in research to support the FCCSET Advance
Manufacturing crosscut to advance the use of
environmentally "green designs" in the
manufacturing process.
Management of Agency's
Extramural Resources
Restoring sound management to the
contracts procurement and grant-making
processes is one of the highest priorities of EPA.
The Agency will continue to implement the
recommendations of the Standing Committee on
Contracts Management, reform the Agency's
accountability and disciplinary systems as it
relates to resource management, and continue
development of the Integrated Contract
Management System (ICMS). Steps will also be
taken to diminish the Agency's reliance on a
small group of contractors, and to thoroughly
examine the balance between extramural and
intramural resources.
The Agency has also protected the
Headquarters and Regional workforce dedicated
to contracts management from the government-
wide workforce reduction. This is to ensure that
an adequate contract management workforce is
in place.
Enforcement
The 1994 President's Budget provides
$454.7 million and 4,431 workyears for the
Agency's total enforcement resources. This is an
increase of $28.0 million which will continue to
build a strong environmental enforcement
capability within EPA and at the state level. EPA
plans to continue an enforcement strategy of
utilizing multimedia enforcement actions to
ensure both public and private regulated entities
are in compliance with all relevant environmental
standards.
EPA will continue to improve its
effectiveness by targeting enforcement actions
against major waste generators to achieve the
greatest deterrent effect. Enforcement actions
will be directed at non-compliance, particularly
the Clean Air Act Amendments and Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act requirements.
Enforcement will recognize the importance of
pollution prevention activities through their
inclusion in enforcement settlements. EPA will
expand the National Enforcement Training
Institute.
EPA will assist states in enforcing
environmental standards at federal facilities by
targeting inspections and enforcement actions.
EPA will also help in the negotiation of Federal
Facility Compliance Agreements establishing
compliance schedules and corrective action
activities. Technical assistance to other federal
agencies will also be provided to meet major
environmental statutes (i.e., the Clean Air Act
Amendments and Clean Water Act requirements).
Superfund Program
The 1994 President's Budget for
Superfund, consisting of $1,496.4 million and
3,514 workyears, represents the Agency's strong
commitment to clean up hazardous waste sites.
The 1994 funding is an $88.8 million and 54
workyear decrease from 1993. The decrease will
not impair the momentum of site completions,
due to the Administration's focus to shift financing
of cleanups from the Trust Fund to those parties
responsible for the pollution and to streamline
the cleanup program.
The Agency is requesting $184.0 million
and 1,552 workyears for the Superfund
enforcement program, an increase of $9.7 million
and decrease of 23 workyears. The enforcement
program funds efforts to reach and enforce cleanup
settlements with responsible parties, maximize
the recovery of government dollars spent at
Superfund sites, andmeet the Agency's significant
responsibilities in the oversight of federal facility
cleanups and military base closure activities.
The increase in the enforcement program is to
continue these efforts and, in particular, to
maintain the high percentage of new cleanups
conducted by responsible parties.
6
-------
OVERVIEW
The President's Budget provides $1,137.3
million for the response program, a decrease of
$95.4 million. This funding level includes full
implementation of the Superfund Accelerated
Cleanup Model (SACM). The response program
includes the investigation of sites that may require
cleanup, selection of cleanup remedies, design of
cleanups, cleanup construction, emergency
removals ofhazardous waste, laboratory analysis,
community relations, state and local grants, and
support from other federal agencies.
Oil Spills Response and Support
The 1994 President's Budget provides
$21.2 million and 88 workyears to prevent and
respond to accidental releases of oil into the
environment. This request represents an increase
of $ 1.2 million to support the review and approval
of one third of the expected facility plans to
respond to releases. Additional supportisprovided
for the Agency's Emergency Response Team
(ERT), which oversees or responds to the cleanup
of releases. The Agency continues to make full
use of its enforcement authority to compel
compliance with the Oil Pollution Act.
Water Infrastructure Programs
The President's economic stimulus
package completes, a year ahead of schedule, the
federal capitalization of the wastewater treatment
State Revolving Funds. The 1994 request takes
a new approach to meeting the extensive water
quality needs still facing our Nation. Together,
the President's Budget proposes $2.9 billion in
1993 and 1994 for the Agency's water
infrastructure programs. $845 million of this
amountis included in the 1993 Economic Stimulus
Package. There will be two new State Revolving
Funds (SRF), the Clean Water State Revolving
Fund under the Water Infrastructure Financing
Account and the Drinking Water State Revolving
Fund under the Drinking Water State Revolving
Fund Account. The Agency is requesting $1.2
billion for the Clean Water SRF and $599 million
for the Drinking Water SRF.
The Clean Water SRF will allow states to
fund many types of water quality projects in
addition to building wastewater treatment plants.
These projects include National Estuary Plan
implementation, storm water and combin ed sewer
overflow control as well as nonpoint source control.
The Drinking Water SRF will provide funds for
low-interest loans to help municipalities comply
with Safe Drinking Water Act requirements.
The Water Infrastructure Financing
account includes $150 million for wastewater
treatment construction along the Mexican Border.
This continues the Agency's support of the North
American Free Trade Agreement. The $150
million will be split between funding for the
International Plant to treat Tijuana sewage
currently flowing into the U.S., the U.S. colonias
and Mexican Border projects.
The Budget also includes $100 million for
the construction of secondary treatment for one
or more cities with high secondary treatment
needs and high user charges. Strict eligibility
criteria have been established in order to ensure
that only cities with extraordinary needs qualify
for funding. For 1995, the Administration is
reviewing several options to establish a self-
financingfund to address the infrastructure needs
of cities that face exceptionally burdensome costs
to meet secondary treatment standards.
State and Local Grants
The 1994 Budget request recognizes and
maintains the commitment for essential state
grant programs, while satisfyingfiscal constraints
necessary throughout the federal government.
The request includes $577.7 million to support
state and local environmental programs. This
amount, when added to the $46.9 million for non-
point source grants proposed in the Economic
Stimulus Package, represents an increase of $78
million over the 1993 level. Increases are provided
in the nonpoint source and pesticides program
implementationgrants. In addition, the Agency
is establishing a new grant program to assist
states in establishing lead training and
certification programs.
-------
OVERVIEW
In addition to the Administration's
request in the economic stimulus package for
non-point source grants authorized under Sec.
319 of the Clean Water Act, the Administration is
continuing its investment in these grants in the
1994 request. The investment will be directed
toward control of both urban/suburban and
agricultural runoff produced by wet weather
conditions.
The Agency's state grant programs are
designed to create and strengthen the abilities of
states and localities to address the Nation's
ecological threats. Many of these ecological
problems are best dealt with at the state and local
level. Federal resources are used to leverage
state and local efforts. Both new investments and
redirection of base resources will be devoted to
cooperative agreements, assistance to develop
and implement mitigation programs, oversight of
long-term facility cleanups, development of
endangered species protection plans, and
development and review of State Management
Plans.
Summary
The President's 1994 Budget enables the
Environmental Protection Agency to continue
programs devoted to our mission of protecting
human health and the environment, and to provide
growth in critical initiative areas, while
contributing to the overall Administration goals
to reduce the size and cost of government.
Many media areas discussed in this
booklet reflect no increase or a decrease in 1994
from the 1993 Current Estimate. This may mask
significant program changes since resources
provided in 1993 for congressional projects have
been redirected in 1994 to target the President's
and Agency's key environmental initiatives.
Increased emphasis in the areas of science
and technology and pollution prevention will
enable the Agency to integrate proven technologies
and policies throughout our programs. Through
a combination of savings, redirection, and new
investment, this budget request provides the
resources necessary to continue to make progress
in the environmental protection effort.
8
-------
-------
In 1994, The Agency's Budget Will Total $6.4 Billion
LH Opera
E2 Super
HI Infras
$4.869 M
y
$1,542
1$1.158
V///.
;i $2,169
,
/
ting Programs
fund/LUST
tructure Grants
$6.020M Aeo^n/r
$1,584
W/,
1$1,643
/////
\ $2,793
V\X\\N
9O.O1D
$1,723
Y////
$1.595
////^
\ $2,531
4*
y
;
$6,030 M
X ^
$1,913
y////
] $1,677
I $2 440
/
f
$6.515 JVL $6.459 M
$2,286
y////
1 $1,701
W/.
1 $2,528
X
y
$2,556
'/////
1$1,853
Y/^
\ $2,045
y
$6.904 M
y
$2,744
Y////.
$1.660f
W/,
$2,500|
/
$7,279 M
/^$70M ^
[$84SM|yl
/
$2,745
y////
/ / S / J
$1,573
y////
$2,047
y
/
i$916M
Stimulus
Package
$6,363 M
President's
Budget
1987 1988
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
The Agency's Workyear Ceiling Will Decrease By 1.5%
in 1994, In Accordance With The President's Directive
To Decrease The Federal Workforce
I | Operating Programs
r/i oup
14,26J
x*
11,767
,OUJL
ei
$
>
^
/
i
unu/j-iuo
14.45(
y
11,732
V7777
2 718f
i
J
y
^
^
14,44^
/
11,566
28781
I
y
/
y
15,277
y
11,860
3.417
/////
r
y
£
/
16,415
12,892
3.523
y////^
y
,r
13,392
fi 3,618
V////
\
9
'/
Y
-L / 9 / tJc
X
14,075
3.663
s/////
\
y
^
17,461
X
13,861
[3,608
V////S
)
y
^
/
1987 1988
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
10
-------
THE OPERATING PROGRAMS
Air
Water Quality
Drinking Water
Hazardous
Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Multimedia
Toxic
Substances
Management
& Support
Oil Spills
BUDGET SUMMARY
11
-------
12
-------
AIR
$518.3 M
DOLLARS
+$33.4 M $551.7 M
WORKYEARS
2,345
L
1994
INCREASE
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
DECREASE
2.301
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
EPA's air programs are responsible for
implementing the 1990 Clean Air Act
Amendments (CAA), fulfilling the U.S. obligations
under the Montreal Protocol, and managing
certain air programs to move toward the objectives
set out at the Rio Conference. The program's
largest challenge remains developing,
implementing and enforcing cost-effective
programs to reduce air pollution. Under the Act,
EPA is responsible for' laying out air quality
objectives for every region in the country, setting
emission standards for vehicles, factories and
small business, and supporting state efforts to
attain and enforce stricter air quality standards.
The 1994 President's Budget provides $551.7
million and 2,301 workyears for the air program,
an increase of $33.4 million and a decrease of 44
workyears from Agency's 1993 current estimate.
The workyear decrease is a result of the
Government-wide workyear reduction to reduce
the size and cost of government.
Since the passage of the CAA, the air
program has established a market-based acid
rain trading system, set out stricter automobile
standards and promulgated guidelines for states
to write and implement state implementation
plans (SIPs). In these plans, states will detail
how they will regulate emissions, and use other
measures to attain the clean air goals. In 1994,
the air program will continue to build these
programs by boosting EPA's technical capacity to
monitor emissions, support critical rulemaking
efforts such as air toxics, implement enhanced
vehicle inspection and maintenance programs,
and strengthen air quality enforcement.
The air program is also expanding
pollution prevention programs to reduce the
output of greenhouse gases, and to protect the
world's stratospheric ozone layer. In 1994, as
part of President Clinton's investment proposal,
the Agency will expand the Green Programs to
introduce many energy efficient technologies that
companies can profitably adopt in order to lower
their emissions of greenhouse gases. The Agency
is also using the cooperative strategy to address
the high risk problem of indoor air pollution by
working with the construction and real estate
industries to assure that air in buildings is healthy
and safe without resorting to detailed regulation.
Under the Montreal Protocol, EPA is enforcing
the domestic phase-out of CFCs, supporting CFC
phase-out in developing nations, and along with
the State Department, is financing the Protocol's
Multilateral Facilitation Fund.
HIGHLIGHTS
Reinvigorating Clean Air Act
Implementation
In 1994, the air program is requesting an
additional $16.1 million to continue meeting the
deadlines of the Clean Air Act. Following risk
based targeting, the air program's primary
objective is to strengthen the Agency's Mobile
13
-------
AIR
Source program. The largest single investmentis
$6 million for new scientific monitoring and testing
equipment to allow the Agency to accurately
measure industry compliance with tougher fuel
and engine standards. Specifically, this new
equipment will calibrate fuel evaporation from
cars, heavy duty truck pollution, cold weather
carbon monoxide emissions, and the composition
of new clean fuel additives. EPA is also investing
$1.5 million to move per sonn el out of the National
Motor Vehicle Emissions laboratory space and
into offices.
The $10.9 million Acid Rain program is
continuingto implement the Nation's first market-
based pollution rights trading system. Having
established a trading system at the Chicago Board
of Trade, where rights to emit sulphur dioxide can
be bought and sold, the Acid Rain program will
seek in 1994 to accurately measure compliance
through continuous emissions monitoring
systems, and maintain the integrity of the market
by strictly pursuing violators. In addition, the
program is continuing to develop a system to
control utility NOx emissions.
The Agency is continuing to develop
critical rulemakingprovisions of the Act, including
those for air toxics, and industrial and commercial
waste combustors. In addition, technical analyses
are needed to set standards at the proper levels to
protect ecosystems and human health. Extensive
economic work is also required to craft regulations
to protect the environment in the most cost-
effective manner possible.
EPA strives to help states successfully
institute air pollution plans, and avoid costly
Federal intervention. In 1994, EPA will grant
$173 million to states, multi-state organizations,
local governments and Indian tribes and continue
providing technical and informational support to
state air programs. Areas of critical importance
in 1994 include new inspection programs which
will more accurately test whether engines meet
air quality standards under normal driving
conditions, and helping states grant operating
permits to industrial facilities to give companies
operational flexibility while ensuring compliance.
In 1994, states will also begin implementation of
a fee system to help pay for Clean Air Act oversight
and inspections.
In 1994, the Agency will continue
strengthening its air enforcement programs,
including state field citation programs and
enforceable operating permit programs. A crucial
goal is to strengthen training of inspectors to
provide them the background required to work
with industry to achieve the most cost effective
pollution prevention measures.
Protecting the Stratospheric Ozone Layer
and Implementing the Montreal Protocol
In 1987, the international community
signed the Montreal Protocol, an agreement to
protect to stratospheric ozone layer by phasing
out the production of substances which chemically
react in the atmosphere and deplete the ozone
layer. Under the CAA, EPA enforces domestic
compliancefor phaseout of these chemicals and is
investigating others, such as methyl bromide,
which may also cause significant ozone
deterioration. Under the Protocol, the U.S. and
other industrial nations are also responsible for
supporting the efforts of underdeveloped nations
to phase-out these chemicals, both through
cooperative programs and programs run by the
Protocol's Multilateral Facilitation Fund. The
Multilateral Fund will befmanced with $ 17 million
in EPA resources (an increase of $7 million over
1993) and $ 18 million in State Department funds.
Continuing the Development of
Cooperative Indoor Air Programs
In 1993, the Agency consolidated its
Indoor Air and Radon programs to better
coordinate the two major efforts that address
indoor air problems. The Agency remains
committed to using these programs to provide a
healthier indoor environment through cooperative
rather than regulatory programs. In 1994 the
Indoor Air Program will use its $6.9 million budget
to execute a full scale evaluation of indoor air in
large buildings and establish an outreach program
to inform the public of how best to mitigate
secondary tobacco smoke.
14
-------
AIR
Addressing Global Warming and Creating
Jobs Through Expanded Green Programs
Over the last two years, the Green Lights
and Energy Star Programs have succeeded in
encouraging hundreds of companies to develop
and adopt energy efficient lighting and computers.
Building on these successful models, the Agency
will invest a total of $25 million and 34 workyears
in Green Programs in 1994. This will support
additional programs to help companies profitably
refurbish many other systems, such as heating,
cooling, and other building systems, and will also
continue investigating other areas where
substantial energy savings could be profitably
achieved. EPA is working with DOE to design
these programs as a complement to DOE's energy
efficiency standards for new equipment. The
Administration is also looking at these programs
to help industry identify new, profitable
opportunities for capital investment,
simultaneously helping the nation reduce
pollution, increase competitiveness and create
jobs.
Research and Development
The air research program's aim is to
effectively implement the Clean Air Act (CAA)
and better understand acid deposition, global
climate change and indoor air pollution. In 1994,
EPA will devote a total $125.8 million and 455
workyears, a decrease of $5.8 million and 28
workyears. The decrease reflects a shift in the
Agency's strategy towards greater cross-media
research through the multimedia program as a
more effective method of scientific inquiry into
environmental problems than the single media
approach traditionally followed by the Agency.
The shift includes support for the high priority
ecosystems initiative and innovative technology
initiatives in multimedia research.
Research will focus on developing the
basis for the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) and vehicle emissions
standards, evaluating potential changes to, and
benefits of, the standards, and developing the
basis for state implementation plans. Additional
resources will be dedicated to address the human
health and environmental risks posed by criteria
air pollutants, with particular emphasis on
tropospheric (ground level) ozone and visibility
issues. In addition, EPA will investigate and
assess the risks presented by toxic air pollutants
and the extent to which they can be mitigated by
control technology and pollution prevention
methods. This research will help the Agency to
better identify and quantify the benefits - both to
ecological and human health - that have been and
will be realized from actions taken to reduce air
pollution. EPA will also conduct research on
replacements for ozone depleting compounds and
procedures for evaluating the Safety of proposed
alternative chemical technologies.
The Agency will focus research on global
climate and stratospheric ozone depletion to
improve our scientific understanding ofhow global
climate change impacts the terrestrial biosphere
and predicting the extent of such biospheric effects
on the future. This program, which is part of the
overall Federal U.S. Global Change Research
Program developed via the Committee on Earth
and Environmental Sciences (GEES), will improve
EPA's ability to develop a rational policy for
responding to global change. Finally, research
will be conducted to further identify, characterize,
and compare the health risks associated with
exposures to indoor air pollutants in support of
the Program Office's Indoor Air Program.
15
-------
16
-------
WATER QUALITY
DOLLARS
$484.9 M -$20.5 M
$464.4 M
WORKYEARS
2,326 .119
1994
DECREASE
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
1994
DECREASE
2,207
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The primary focus of the increases in the
Water Quality Program will be the control of wet
weather runoff that results in contaminated water
entering our Nation's lakes, rivers and streams.
The 1994 President's Budget provides $464.4
million and 2,207 workyears for the Water Quality
Program, representinga decrease of $20.5 million
and a decrease of 119 workyears from 1993. The
Agency will continue investments in the following
State Grant Programs: Wetlands, Section 106
and Nonpoint Source. The decrease in dollars is
a result of not carrying forward certain
congressionally directed activities included in the
Agency's 1993 appropriations that were either
one time projects or are more properly funded by
state or local governments. The decrease in
workyears is a result of a government wide
workyear reduction designed to reduce the size
and cost of the federal government and the transfer
of 84 workyears to the Oil Spill Response media.
The legislative basis for the 1994 Water
Quality program is founded in the Clean Water
Act, which seeks maintenance and restoration of
the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of
the nation's waters. In 1987, the Water Quality
Act amended the Clean Water Act which enhanced
water quality management and improved the
Agency's partnership with the states. The Act
required pollution penalties, the development of
guidelines and standards to control sewage
contamination, and it authorized the Section 319
Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program. The
Great Lakes Critical Programs Act of 1990
amended the Clean Water Act to set a specific
timetable for completion of cleanup around the
Great Lakes Basin. The Coastal Zone Act
Reauthorization Amendments created important
new responsibilities in the Agency for identifying
nonpoint source control measures and requiring
state implementation.
The 1994 President's Budget emphasizes
solutions to the pervasive problems of wet weather
runoff which affect the integrity of our Nation's
waterbodies. The 1994 Budget continues to focus
on geographic areas where the Agency has taken
an ecologically based, multimedia approach to
risk reduction and environmental protection. By
focusing on these areas of concern, the Agency
will improve federal-state relationships, and the
technical resources designed to protect the
environmental quality of our beaches, shores,
and other surface waters.
HIGHLIGHTS
Controlling Wet Weather Runoff
The Water Quality Program will focus on
wet weather runoff, a leading source of degradation
of our Nation's waterbodies. Emphasizing wet
weather runoff will allow the Agency to strengthen
its effort to protect and restore our nation's waters
through enhanced monitoring, pollution control,
and enforcement.
17
-------
WATER QUALITY
The Administration is requesting $80
million in Nonpoint Source grants for 1994. This
investment will be directed toward control of both
urban/suburban and agricultural runoff produced
by wet weather conditions. These nonpoint source
projects will be a major part of the watershed
management approach to improved water quality.
Our goal for this program is to ensure that the
majority of water flowing into our Nation's
waterbodies as a result of wet weather conditions
will be controlled to a level set by EPA standards
for water quality.
Meeting Effluent Guidelines
The Water Quality program places great
emphasis on meeting court ordered deadlines for
establishment of effluent guidelines that were
the result of a Natural Resource Defense Council
court case. The Agency will provide increased
funding to meet the deadlines and develop
guidelines that control industrial discharges into
our Nation's waterbodies.
Improving our Nations Great Water Bodies
The Water Quality Program places a high
priority on geographic and ecosystem targeting
and will address strategically significant
ecologically threatened waterbodies and
associated habitats throughout the Nation. The
Administration has identified three major
waterbodies (Chesapeake Bay, Great Lakes, Gulf
of Mexico) in which to target its resources and is
requesting $39 million and 73 workyears for these
areas.
In 1994, the Agency will continue to focus
on the Gulf of Mexico. The funds being requested
will protect the recreational, economic, and
ecological value of the Gulf of Mexico by preserving
the quality of the Gulfs immense shoreline, its
wetlands and surrounding habitats; improving
the water quality through nonpoint source
controls; and increasing the area of healthy
waterbottoms for growing and harvesting
shellfish.
The Agency will continue making
additional improvements to monitoring and data
integration in the Great Lakes program. The
largest reservoir of fresh surface water on earth,
the Great Lakes are a vital resource for millions
of Americans, providingtremendous opportunities
for commercial and sport fisheries. These
resources will improve state water quality
standards and habitat programs to restore and
maintain the physical and biological integrity of
the Great Lakes Basin ecosystem.
The funds requested for the Chesapeake
Bay program will be used to monitor land
development as it affects urban and farmland
runoff. In addition, these funds will be used to
restore vital commercial aquatic habitats and
protect wildlife breeding and feeding areas. The
Bay, North America's largest estuary, is very
shallow, and has little water to absorb and dilute
pollutants. Our investment will ensure cleaner
water, meet wetlands restoration goals, and
increase monitoring of submerged aquatic
vegetation and habitat restoration throughout
the Bay States.
Ecosystem Approach for Water Quality
The Agency will continue investing in
1994 to protect the nation's wetlands. Funding
will help ameliorate flooding and erosion and
help to preserve the habitat offish and wildlife.
Protection and preservation of our
Nation's estuaries is also a high priority in this
budget request. In addition to their aesthetic
appeal, estuarieshave well known functions. They
serve as filters for cleaning water, provide habitats
for threatened and endangered species and
produce commercial food sources.
EPA will also develop the technical tools
and infrastructure mechanisms to approach
aquatic resources as ecosystems, and not just as
receiving waters for pollutants that need to be
controlled. Following the successful models
developed under the National Estuary Program,
the Agency will work cooperatively with
governmental and private stakeholders to focus
on priority watersheds and craft solutions based
on each area's special needs.
18
-------
WATER QUALITY
Research Focus on Large
Estuaries and Wetlands
In 1994, the Agency will allocate a total of
$29.1 million and 214 workyears for water quality
research, a decrease of $2.0 million and 9
workyears from 1993. The decrease reflects a
shift in the Agency's strategy towards greater
cross-media research through the multimedia
program as a more effective method of scientific
inquiry into environmental problems than the
single media approach traditionally followed by
the Agency. The shift includes support for the
high priority Ecosystems initiative in Multimedia
research. To help implement a national policy of
"no net loss of wetlands", EPA is carrying out a
multi-year research plan to develop a risk-based
approach for wetland protection and management.
Resources will be used to evaluate the restoration
potential of agriculturally converted wetlands in
the prairie pothole region. Other research
resources will be used to develop and improve
scientific data and technologies to help protect
and enhance the designated uses of our nation's
waters and related ecosystems, includingresearch
on coastal and marine waters, large lakes and
rivers, contaminated sediments, aquatic
ecocriteria, non-point sources of pollution, habitat
biodiversity, and wastewater and sludge. For
example, the research program will develop
aquatic ecocriteria and other methods for
assessingandpredictingthe long-term cumulative
effects of multiple anthropogenic stresses on the
Great Lakes, the Gulf of Mexico, and other coastal
and marine ecosystems.
19
-------
20
-------
DRINKING WATER
DOLLARS
$145.3 M -$1.5 M $143.8 M
1994
DECREASE
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
790
WORKYEARS
-22
768
1994
DECREASE
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The goals of the Drinking Water program
are to ensure that public water supplies are free
of contamination that may pose unacceptable
human health risks and to protect and prevent
the endangermentof groundwater resources. The
President's budget requests $143.8 million and
768 workyears, representing a decrease of $1.5
million and a decrease of 22 workyears from 1993.
The decrease in workyears is a result of a
government wide reduction designed to reduce
the size and cost of the Federal Grovernment. The
decrease in dollars is a result of not carrying
forward certain congressionally directed activities
included in the Agency's 1993 appropriations
that were either one time projects or are more
properly funded by state and local governments.
HIGHLIGHTS
New Drinking Water Standards to
Reduce Human Health Risk
The Drinking Water program will
continue to develop a stronger scientific basis for
identifying which contaminants need to be
controlled and at what levels. The Agency will
place additional emphasis on collecting occurrence
data and developing analytical models to
determine which contaminants pose significant
health threats. The Agency will be working on
regulations for controlling arsenic, sulfates,
disinfection/disinfectant by-products and will be
working with states to adopt Lead and Copper,
Phase II, Phase V and Radionuclides rules.
Building State Capacity
The Drinking Water program will
continue to be actively involved in strengthening
the State/Federal partnership and ensuring
effective program implementation. The Agency
is maintaining State grants at the 1993 level and
working closely with states to develop alternative
financing mechanisms. The Drinking Water
program is implementing its Priority Strategy
which focuses resources on the greatest public
health risks, giving states time to build additional
resources to carry out the program. EPA will
continue to provide technical assistance and
training to promote better understanding and
implementation of program requirements. EPA
is also demanding a strong enforcement presence
to ensure that water supplies meet Safe Drinking
Water Act requirements. To track and evaluate
compliance status, the Agency is modernizing its
drinking water data system.
Drinking Water Research
The 1994 Drinking Water Research total
is $19.7 million and 158 workyears, a decrease of
$0.4 million and 7 workyears from 1993. The
decrease reflects a shift in the Agency's strategy
towards greater cross-media research through
the multimedia program as a more effective
method of scientific inquiry into environmental
problems than the single media approach
traditionally followed by the Agency. The shift
includes support for the high priority Ecosystems
21
-------
DRINKING WATER
initiative in Multimedia research. Resources will
be usedfor research on comparative risk modeling
in order to be able to identify the risk tradeoff
between safe microbial levels and acceptable risk
from exposures to disinfectants and disinfectant
by-products. Other research will be include
nonpoint sources of pollution and groundwater.
Nonpoint source research will focus on studying
the impact of agricultural chemicals on surface
and groundwater drinking supplies. Groundwater
research will focus on developing risk assessment
and management strategies for water wellhead
protection and underground waste injection
controls.
22
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
DOLLARS
$314.5 M +$5.9 M $320.5 M
1994
INCREASE
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
WORKYEARS
1,650 -49
1994
DECREASE
1.601
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA) of 1976, as revised by the Hazardous
and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984,
provides the legislative mandate for a nationwide
program to protect human health and the
environment from the risks of improper
management of hazardous wastes. The
Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-
Know Act, Title III of the Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act of 1986, establishes a
framework to address risks posed by hazardous
chemicals present in communities. Subtitle I of
the Solid Waste Disposal Act regulates the use
and maintenance of underground storage tanks
(USTs).
The 1994 President's Budget provides
$320.5 million and 1,601 workyears for the
Hazardous Waste program, an increase of $5.9
million and a decrease of 49 workyearsfrom 1993.
Half the decrease in workyears is a result of the
government-wide workyear initiative to reduce
the size and cost of government. The other half is
the result of the completion of RCRA regulatory
development and the elimination of
Congressionally directed projects.
HIGHLIGHTS
The Agency will refine program strategies
to strengthen state hazardous and solid waste
environmental programs, direct both private and
public resources to areas presenting the highest
risk to human health and the environment, and
eliminate unnecessary and burdensome
requirements.
Addressing Regulatory Reform &
New Technologies
The 1994 President's Budget provides
$64.0 million and 275 workyears, an increase of
$9.5 million and a decrease of 19 workyears from
1993 levels, to support its national hazardous and
solid waste regulatory program. The decrease in
workyears is due to the government-wide
workforce reduction and a transfer of workyears
to the regions for implementation of regulations
that have been developed. In 1994, the Agency
will continue an on-going initiative to review and
revise existing regulations governing the RCRA
program to simplify burdensome regulations on
industries. These efforts will include:
promulgating the Hazardous Waste Identification
rule, which allows low-risk wastes to be excluded
from RCRA regulation; tailoring management
standards appropriate to the waste; suspending
the toxicity characteristics for petroleum
contaminated media; and streamlining the post-
closure permitting process.
Other Agency priorities include working
with other federal agencies and the private sector
to support the President's Innovative
Environmental Technology Program.
23
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Targeting Permitting & Promoting
Source Reduction/Recycling
The President's 1994 Budget provides
$38.9 million and 414 workyears for hazardous
waste permitting, source reduction, and state
capacity-building activities in the regions.
Permitting activities will continue to focus on
high risk facilities as the most cost effective means
to protect human health and the environment.
Resources are provided for the regions to work
with states to maintain waste disposal capacity
and permit new hazardous waste disposal and
incineration facilities. The regions will also work
with the states to permit priority storage and
treatment facilities as well as land disposal
facilities requiring operating or post-closure
permits.
The regions will continue municipal solid
waste (Subtitle D) activities to address issues of
increasing national concern. Resources will be
provided to support recycling and source reduction
programs through targeted technical assistance,
and the development of viable recycling markets
and source reduction programs. Special attention
will be focused on developing a recycling market
infrastructure with local communities and sharing
source reduction strategies that result in real
costs savings to businesses.
Accelerating Corrective Actions
The Agency's 1994 President's Budget for
Hazardous Waste enforcement is $65.0 million
and 585 workyears, an increase of $3.8 million
and a decrease of 1 workyear from 1993. The
enforcement program will emphasize monitoring
compliance and taking enforcement actions
against those non-complying handlers and non-
notifiers presenting the greatest threat to human
health and the environment. Working with state
and local agencies, the Agency is striving to ensure
that releases are detected and addressed and that
administrative and judicial enforcement actions
are taken against violators.
Under the corrective action program, the
Agency will continue to assess operating facilities
to identify hazardous waste releases into the
environment. If sufficient evidence exists, the
Agency will require owners to undertake measures
to comprehensively clean up the site. Using a
facility ranking system based on threats posed to
human health and the environment, the Agency
will focus on corrective action activities at the
highest risk facilities. The 1994 President's
Budget includes an additional $3.5 million to
accelerate the pace of the RCRA corrective action
program.
Federal compliance monitoring and
enforcement will be used to enhance and
complement state efforts as the states continue to
assume the responsibility for the bulk of the
mandated inspection and enforcement work.
Oversight inspections will be conducted as
appropriate. Federal, state and local facilities
that store, treatand/or dispose of hazardous waste
will continue to be inspected either by authorized
states or the Agency, as required by HSWA and
the Federal Facilities Compliance Act. Inspections
of commercial land disposal and treatment
facilities continue to be conducted twice per year
to ensure compliance. Resources will continue to
be directed to community relations activities to
ensure public awareness and involvement.
States will continue to receive technical
enforcement assistance and training required to
support increased inspections and enforcement
activity. In accord with HSWA, the Agency will
also continue monitoring the levels of waste
exported and imported. Efforts to carry out these
enforcement activities will be reinforced in
cooperation with U.S. and Mexican Customs
officials, the U.S. Coast Guard, and other elements
of the Department of Transportation.
Targeting Communities in
Hiffh-Risk Areas
The 1994 President's Budget provides
$9.9 million and 59 workyears for the Emergency
Planning and Community Right-To-Know
program (Title III). Resources in the Title III
program are primarily geared toward building
state and local capability to prevent and respond
to accidental chemical releases. Included in the
Title III budget is $2.4 million and 14 workyears
to meet the Clean Air Act (CAA) accidental release
prevention program mandates. Efforts in 1994
will focus on encouraging states to accept and
implement their own accidental release prevention
programs.
24
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
In 1994, the Agency will also target
geographic areas that present substantial risks
to humans and the environment, particularly
those areas with a high concentration of chemical
facilities. Assistance to state and local government
agencies will focus on analyzing risks associated
with chemical spills, conducting emergency
planning drills, increasing public outreach
programs, and expanding use of the Title III data
systems, such as the Computer Aided
Management of Emergency Operations system
(CAMEO) in communities across the nation and
internationally.
Building State VST Capacity
The Agency provides a total of $7.0 million
supported by 64 workyears for the UST
regulations, guidelines and policies program. In
1994, EPA will focus on four priority areas of the
program: approving state programs, streamlining
corrective actions, enforcing leak detection
compliance and preparingfor the 1998 tank system
upgrading deadline. At the beginning of 1994, the
program projects eleven state UST programs will
have final approval, one state with tentative
approval and fifteen applications under review.
The Agency will continue to assist the remaining
states to apply for state program approval, by
working to develop adequate authorities and
enforcement capabilities. The UST program will
work with the states to develop approaches that
focus technical oversight on the highest risk sites.
Supporting State's Environmental
Management Programs
To help support and sustain state
hazardous waste programs, the Agency is
maintaining the current level of resources for
RCRA and UST state grants. A total of $101.9
million is provided in 1994 for these programs.
RCRA funding assists states in developing
legislation and regulations consistent with the
federal hazardous waste management program
and in addressing environmentally significant
facilities. In 1994, emphasis will continue on
corrective action activities at the highest risk
sites. The importance of maintaining hazardous
waste disposal and incineration capacity is
addressed through on-going efforts to permit
environmentally sound facilities. The states will
continue to be responsible for a majority of the
mandated inspection and enforcement activities.
In addition, the states manage key information
systems on waste generation, management and
capacity assurance.
UST grants are also provided to state and
territorial programs for core program activities.
These activities include enforcement of leak
detection and financial responsibility
requirements, management of notification data
and oversight of tank installations, closures and
corrective actions. In addition, states that have
not yet applied for state program approval will
use these funds to develop authorities and
enforcement capabilities that are equivalent to or
more stringent than the federal regulations. Once
approved, the state program will operate in lieu of
federal regulations.
Directing Hazardous Waste Research
and Development
The Hazardous Waste Research program
is requesting a total of $33.7 million and 205
workyears in 1994, a reduction of $9.4 million of
and 14 workyears from 1993. These reductions
result from a shift of $2.1 million and 1 workyear
out of the Hazardous Waste program element to
the Oil Spills Trust Fund Appropriation and the
elimination of Congressionally directed projects.
The Agency will increase research on remediation
of groundwater contaminated by hazardous
wastes. Scientists will continue to provide
technical assistance to strengthen capabilities of
the Regions, States, local communities and the
private sector. Bioremediation will be studied as
an alternative for cleanup of hazardous wastes
and nitrates from waste. Activities will continue
at 1993 levels for ecorisk assessment methods,
surface cleanup, and technology transfer.
Research activities will continue at reduced levels
for municipal solid waste, land disposal, recycling,
and integrated waste management.
25
-------
26
-------
PESTICIDES
$119.2 M
DOLLARS
+$5.2 M $124.4 M
1994
INCREASE
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
1,098
WORKYEARS
-25
1,073
1994
DECREASE
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Agency's 1994 request for Pesticides
supports a variety of activities aimed at
implementing the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act of 1988 (FIFRA '88).
Objectives of the base program include ensuring
food safety, protecting farmworkers, and
preventing pesticides from doing harm to
endangered species. This request also strongly
supports the continued effort to reregister the
thousands of pesticides that were registered prior
to 1984 under outdated scientific and technological
standards. The pesticides program will continue
to be coordinated at the Regional and state levels
to ensure a safe national food supply through risk
management, pollution prevention and other
regulatory and non-regulatory approaches.
EPAis requesting a total of $124.4 million
and 1,073 workyears for the 1994 pesticides
program. The 1994 pesticides budget reflects an
increase of $5.2 million and a decrease of 25
workyears from 1993. The decrease in workyears
is due to the government-wide reduction in staff.
Increased resources will be directed at increasing
the pace of reregistration decisions (which faces a
statutorily-imposed 1997 completion deadline)
and addressing material weaknesses in the Good
Laboratory Practices and Antimicrobial
Programs. State grants for programs that foster
safe and environmentally sound methods of
pesticides application will also receive a boost.
HIGHLIGHTS
Reregistration Continues to Move Forward
The Agency requests a total of 376
workyears in Headquarters to administer the
pesticides reregistration program. Of these
workyears, 206 will be supported by fee revenues
which are not included in the request for
appropriations (and are not reflected in the chart
above). These payments, known as maintenance
fees, are rendered by holders of existing pesticides
registrations and paid into the Reregistration
and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. The
maintenance fees were increased in 1992 by recent
amendments to the Farm Bill of 1990. The
program is now collecting the full statutory ceiling
of $14 million per year.
Supplementing the fee revenues are
appropriated resources, which will be increased
by $1 million, to a total of $42 million. These
resources will fund the FIFRA reregistration
program at a level that will enable EPA to sustain
progress at a pace consistent with the current
multi-year production plan, which calls for 38
pesticide reregistration decisions to be issued in
1994. These decisions will contribute to the
safety of the nation's food supply by ensuring that
pesticides used on food and/or feed have passed
rigorous scientific review and analysis.
27
-------
PESTICIDES
Improving Science and Technology
Under the Federal Manager's Financial
Integrity Act (FMFIA), some aspects of the
pesticides program were declared material
weaknesses. Included under this designation
was the Laboratory Data Integrity program.
Problems that were identified entailed lack of
training in fraud detection for inspectors, too
much advance notice of inspections, a lack of
means to identify labs based on the type of studies
they conduct, and no consistency in the training
of Headquarters, Regional and National
Enforcement Center inspectors.
In response to the FMFIA designation, $3
million will be provided to improve science and
technology in the pesticides program (in addition
to the $1 million for reregistration). This increase
includes $500 thousand for a Laboratory
Inspection and Study Audit System, which is
being developed to target labs for inspections and
studies for audits through a neutral
administrative scheme. Another $500 thousand
of this increase will allow for improved
reregistration information management support
systems and implementation of the Pesticides
Information Management Strategy. Also within
that program is the Dietary Risk Evaluation
System (ORES), a computer-based tool that
estimates dietary exposure to pesticides. $1
million of the increase will support the updating
of DRES and the evaluation of longer-term
alternatives for improved dietary risk evaluation.
Finally, $1 million of the requested increase will
be aimed at supporting the antimicrobial strategy
and at improving the quality of registrant-
submitted data, including a variety of test
methods.
Increasing State Capacity
The 1994 budget includes a $1 million
request for increased grants to states for the
certification and training of pesticide applicators.
The states regard this training as a major source
of risk reduction, as proper application and use of
pesticides prevents farmworker and pesticide
handler exposure to pesticides.
28
Protecting the Food Supply With
Strong Enforcement
FIFRA mandates a broad regulatory
scheme of recordkeeping and reporting to ensure
the integrity of reregistration data and that Good
Laboratory Practices (GLP) are beingused. FIFRA
also requires that applicators of highly toxic
pesticides be certified and trained to use pesticides.
The statute also provides for cooperative
agreements between EPA, state, territories, and
Indian tribes to enforce pesticide laws. The 1994
request contains 139 workyears and $26.8 million
for pesticides enforcement, of which $15.8 million
is for pesticides enforcement grants to states.
Under FIFRA, states have primary responsibility
to enforce pesticide use violations. In order to
maintain the current level of enforcement, the
Agency's request for these grants was not reduced
from the 1993 amount.
Pesticides Research
Pesticides research will continue to focus
on reducing risks from pesticides to human health
and the environment. EPA is requesting a total
of $14.2 million and 89 workyears in 1994. This
represents a decrease of $0.8 million and 19
workyears from 1993. The decrease reflects a
shift in the Agency's strategy towards greater
cross-media research through the multimedia
program as a more effective method of scientific
inquiry into environmental problems than the
single media approach traditionally followed by
the Agency. The shift in workyears is primarily
for the high priority ecosystems initiative in
multimedia research. Exposure research will be
targeted to methods of measuring exposure of
human populations to pesticides. Emphasis will
predict the total human exposure from multiple
pathways and methods to monitor inhalation.
Health effects research on pesticides will address
agricultural workers, their spouses and children,
with emphasis on neurotoxicology and
reproductive effects on selected populations. The
Agency will continue research on environmental
releases of biotechnology products in support of
the Federal Coordinating Council for Science,
Engineering and Technology (FCCSET).
Ecological risk assessment, groundwater and non-
point source research will focus on large watershed
and aquifer contamination. Pesticides research
is done in conjunction with the Toxic Substances
Research Program.
-------
RADIATION
DOLLARS
$34.8 M +$0.6 M $35.3 M
1994
INCREASE
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
317
ViORKYEARS
•28
1994
DECREASE
289
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The 1994 President Budget provides $35.3
million and 289 workyears for radiation program s,
an increase of $0.6 million and a decrease of 28
workyears from the 1993 Current Estimate. The
decrease in workyears is a result of a government-
wide reduction designed to reduce the size and
cost of government. The Office of Radiation and
Indoor Air (ORIA) is responsible for protecting
human health and the environment from exposure
to radiation pollutants and radon. ORIA develops
protection criteria, provides technical assistance
to states and other agencies, directs environmental
monitoring programs, responds to radiological
emergencies, and evaluates the overall risk and
impact of radiation on human health. The Office
of Research and Development (ORD), under a
reimbursable agreement with the Department of
Energy (DOE), is responsible for a radiation safety
monitoring program at DOE's Nevada Nuclear
Test site.
HIGHLIGHTS
EPA Continues Innovative,
Non-Regulatory Radon Program
The 1994 budget includes 87 workyears
and $22.8 million for the Agency's radon program,
which addresses the second leading cause of lung
cancer in the U.S. (after smoking). The Radon
program will continue to implement the activities
authorized by the Indoor Radon Abatement Act
(IRAA): including the State Indoor Radon Grant
(SIRG) Program, the National Radon Proficiency
Programs, the Regional Radon Training Centers,
work in schools, promotion of model radon-
resistant construction standards and techniques,
and technical assistance to state and localities.
In 1990,6% of homes had been tested and
200,000 homes had been mitigated for radon,
according to data from the Centers for Disease
Control. According to a study conducted by the
Conference of Radiation Control Program
Directors, by 1993,9% of homes have been tested
and 300,000 homes mitigated for radon, indicating
increased awareness and testing rates in targeted
high radon potential areas. The Radon program
will continue targetinghigh radon potential areas
and on achieving results by tracking and setting
goals for environmental indicators including:
percentage of homes and schools tested and
mitigated, and homes built usingradon-resistant
features.
States will continue to receive $8.2 million
in grants to develop and implement radon
assessment, control and mitigation programs.
Distribution of these grants will be based on risk
targeting andinclude consideration of each state's
adoption of radon model construction standards
and use of previously awarded grants.
29
-------
RADIATION
The Agency Continues Development of
Radiation Standards, Emergency Response
and other Radiation Programs
The Agency is devoting 123 FTE and
$12.6 million to support its radiation program
activities, including: addressing airborne
radionuclides, establishing standards for
radioactive waste management, and ensuring
emergency preparedness in the event of a nuclear
accident. The Agency will continue to promote
the transfer of implementation responsibilities
for the radionuclide National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) to the
states.
In 1994, EPA will work to develop
standards for the Waste Isolation Pilot Project
(WIPP) and the nation's efforts to cleanup
radioactively contaminated sites. As directed in
the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Land Withdrawal
Act, EPA will work to implement high-level
radioactive waste standards. Under the authority
of the Atomic Energy Act, the Agency will continue
to develop guidance and standardsfor the cleanup
of radioactively contaminated DOE, DoD, and
other federal and commercial sites. In addition,
EPA will work to address problems posed by
residual radioactivity at these sites.
EPA will continue to upgrade its
emergency response capabilities to ensure a state
of readiness for radiological emergencies,
including participation in field exercises and
providing training to the states. The Agency will
also continue to operate the Environmental
Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS)
and improve the responsiveness of this system.
As part of its nuclear accident response efforts,
EPA will implement interim protective action
guides for ingestion (food and water) pathways
and develop a training program for implementing
these protective action guides.
The Agency will also invest $1 million for
new equipment for its two radiation laboratories
in Montgomery, Alabama and Las Vegas, Nevada.
This will strengthen EPA's radon, radiation field
andlabmeasurements, and radiation monitoring,
risk assessment, and technical assistance
programs.
EPA will continue providing the public
with reliable information on the nature and extent
of Electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures and
appropriate measurement methods. The Agency
will continue to develop relationships on the EMF
issue with states, other federal agencies, and the
private sector.
Research Programs
The radiation research program requests
a total of 60 workyears for FY 1994 under a
reimbursable agreement with the Department of
Energy (DOE), a decrease of 24 total workyears.
This decrease reflects the redirection of radiation
activities into the Air Quality and Multimedia
programs to conduct related indoor air engineering
research and to better manage cross program
quality assurance activities.
EPA will continue to conduct off-site
monitoring under a reimbursable arrangement
with DOE at the Nevada Test Site. The Off-Site
Monitoring program will provide the data needed
by policy makers to make decisions regarding the
control of public exposure to radioactive materials
resulting from nuclear testing and manufacturing
activities. This support includes a radiation safety
monitoring program, operation of environmental
sampling networks, lab analyses to assess the
impact of inadvertent release of radioactivity,
and maintenance of data in computerized data
bases.
30
-------
MULTIMEDIA
DOLLARS
+$68.3M $322.0 M
$253.7 M
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
1,021
WORKYEARS
+74
1994
INCREASE
1,095
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
EPA's response to environmental
problems today necessitates a more
comprehensive cross-media approach.
Environmental problems are complex by nature
and require a broad base of scientific knowledge
to understand them and assess effective solution s.
The goal of EPA's new multimedia enforcement
approach is to make enforcement more cost-
effective.
The Multimedia Program activities
promote an integrated approach to environmental
protection and provide cross-media support to
Agency media programs. Research and
development is the largest component of
multimedia and includes EMAP, exploratory
grants and centers and Innovative Technologies
Other major activities under multimedia include:
coordination of multimedia enforcement actions;
enforcement targeting and case selection; civil
and criminal investigations; compliance and
enforcement of environmental laws at federal
facilities; environmental enforcement training of
state, local and federal officials; pollution
prevention assistance grants and research and
development.
In 1994, EPA requests a total of $322.0
million and 1,095 workyears for Multimedia
Programs. This represents an increase of $68.3
million and 74 workyears from 1993.
HIGHLIGHTS
EPA's Multimedia Approach to
Pollution Prevention Continues
EPA is committed to expanding pollution
prevention activities in every medium. The
Agency is committed to reducing risks of pollutants
at the source, consolidating Agency strategic
planning to consider pollution prevention,
improving evaluation of source reduction
alternatives, and enhancing multimedia
enforcement activities. A total of $11.0 million
and 21 workyears are provided for these activities
in 1994.
Pollution Prevention Act
The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990
(PPA) established a national policy that pollution
should be prevented or reduced at the source
wherever possible. The Pollution Prevention
Division has the lead responsibility within the
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics for
implementingtheAgency'sresponsibilities under
PPA.
The major function of the base pollution
prevention program is to integrate and
institutionalize pollution prevention into EPA
programs, policies and procedures; work with
31
-------
MULTIMEDIA
state and federal programs to integrate pollution
prevention into their programs and provide tools
and incentives necessary to develop and
implement pollution prevention solutions.
Activities include technical transfer, outreach
and analysis, implementing state grants,
managingthe pollution prevention clearinghouse,
and source reduction through voluntary as well
as regulatory approaches.
EPA is also requesting $6 million to
provide grants to states to support pollution
prevention initiatives that address the generation
and transfer of pollutants across all media - air,
land, and water. Awards are made for a broad
number of activities. The focus of the grants is to
fund innovative development projects that will
produce programs that other states can copy.
Budget Emphasizes Stronger
Environmental Enforcement
The Agency's enforcement programs will
continue to emphasize a multimedia approach to
achieve greater compliance by the regulated
community. Multimedia enforcement views
environmental problems from a holistic approach
which provides a systematic and cost effective
method of pursuing enforcement actions, thereby
ensuring compliance. The Agency's enforcement
actions in this area will build on the progress
made in the strategic use of our enforcement tools
to target endangered ecosystems, pollutants, and
industries which pose the greatest health risks,
and initiatives to ensure data integrity and
facilitate environmental technologies.
The 1994 Office of Enforcement program
requestis $70.2 million and 740 workyears, which
is an increase of $0.6 million from 1993. The 1994
budget investments will provide support for the
maintenance of civil and criminal investigators,
as well as the continued development of the
National EnforcementTraining Institute national
headquarters. This investment will allow EPA to
work towards fulfilling the requirements of the
Pollution Prosecution Act and pursue civil and
criminal cases against corporations and
individuals who violate environmental laws.
Funding is provided to support the oversight and
review of federal facility compliance actions under
the newly enacted Federal Facility Compliance
Act. Core program investments support
enforcement data targeting with states; pollution
prevention initiatives which involve leveraging
environmental improvement projects as part of
negotiated settlements; supplemental
environmental projects; Indian capacity building
via multimedia grant funding; and maintenance
of the National Enforcement Investigations Center
forensic laboratory capabilities.
EPA Supports President's Commitment
of Environmental Compliance by
Federal Agencies
EPA has a key role in ensuring that the
federal sector complies with all environmental
laws as required by the recently enacted Federal
Facility Compliance Act. In 1994, the Agency will
continue to build environmental compliance
capabilities and awareness at federal facilities.
EPA will work with federal agencies in a
cooperative and efficient manner and negotiate
federal facility compliance agreements to ensure
proper disposal ofhazardous waste and protection
of air, water and soil within the federal lands.
International Activities
The Office of International Activities
(OIA) requests an additional $2.0 million in 1994
specifically for U.S.-Mexico border activities. The
U.S. and Mexico have developed an Integrated
Border Environmental Plan to address the many
environmental problems along the border. OIA,
with EPA's regional offices and other headquarters
offices, coordinates the first phase of the plan,
which includes sewage treatment, air quality
monitoring, control of transboundary shipping of
hazardous wastes, and enforcement actions. In
1994, EPA will continue to build on those activities
within the first phase of the plan. This will be
consistent with support for the environmental
provisions of the North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA).
Management and Support
The Office of the Administrator will
continue to develop programs that identify,
document, and disseminate information on
32
-------
MULTIMEDIA
selective exemplary practices in Cooperative
Environmental Management. The Regional
Activities program will provide the needed
resources for the Regional offices to handle risk-
based priorities that are geographically unique to
the Regions, and are not adequately addressed by
the Agency's national programs. For Analytical
Environmental Services, regional media programs
require technical expertise for primary field
investigations, compliance monitoring, sample
collection and transport, laboratory analyses, data
analysis and evaluation, quality assurance/quality
control oversight, environmental emergencies and
Geographical Information Systems, the national
Drinking Water Laboratory Certification
Program, and technical assistance to State
drinking water laboratories.
Multimedia Research Increases
Environmental Knowledge
EPA's Multimedia research program
includes activities that cross program and media
boundaries, such as ecological and health risk
assessments, exposures to environmental
pollutants, quality assurance, technology transfer,
cross-media research on specific pollutants (e.g.,
Lead), and exploratory grants and centers. The
Multimedia research program also includes
resources, such as supplies and equipment, that
maintain the Agency's science infrastructure.
The 1994 Multimedia research program
request is a total of $217.6 million and 318
workyears, which is an increase of $53.6 million
and 87 workyears from 1993. The 1994 Budget
provides reallocations and additional investments
in such programs as ecological risk assessments,
the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program (EMAP), innovative environmental
technology, pollution prevention, and interagency
research programs of the Federal Coordinating
Council on Science, Engineering and Technology
(FCCSET) such as advanced manufacturing and
high performance computing.
Ecological Risk Assessments Improve
EPA will begin to integrate the extensive
but fragmented ecological assessment research
currently funded by the EPA and other agencies.
Risk assessment provides the scientific base
necessary to understand and predict the effects of
man's interaction on the condition of ecosystems
that will improve decision-making to protect the
ecosystems.
EMAP Expands
The Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program (EMAP) is measuring the
status and trends of the nation's ecological
resources. In 1994, the Regional EMAP component
(REMAP) will expand to include all ten EPA
regions. The REMAP expansion will demonstrate
EMAP's utility for resolving issues of regional,
state, and local importance.
Innovative Environmental Technology
Program Supports President's Initiative
EPA has directed resources to develop
and commercialize cleaner technologies that
advance pollution prevention and environmental
restoration efforts. Support for the innovative
technologies will be a cooperatively distributed
by EPA the Department of Commerce and other
federal agencies. Research supporting the
FCCSET Advanced Manufacturinginitiative will
reduce barriers to commercialization, and develop
and promote the use of environmentally friendly
designs in the manufacturing process.
Human Health Research is Key
Health research consists of human
exposure, health effects, and health risk
assessment. Research will emphasize measuring
exposures to environmental pollutants and
developing improved models and methods to
assess risks associated with these exposures.
Additional investments will expand the National
Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS)
and advance an exposure field study along the
US-Mexico border.
Pollution Prevention Research Expands
Research focus will be on development
and demonstration of cleaner production
33
-------
MULTIMEDIA
technologies, processes and products. Additional
support will be provided for the Source Reduction
Review Project, which investigates pollution
prevention options that can be incorporated into
multi-media regulation.
Improvements in EPA's
Research Infrastructure
(People and Equipment) Continue
In 1994, the Agency will continue to invest
in scientific infrastructure that enable EPA
laboratories to meet increasing operating expenses
related to research. Funding of personnel (i.e.,
personnel compensation andbenefits, travel costs
associated with research management and
training), and scientific exchange for researchers
will be supported by the Program and Research
Operations account. New and replacement
scientific equipment will be supported from
Headquarters and Field expenses. The Agency
will invest in a "massively parallel" computer to
support the increased computation requirements
of complex multi-media assessment models now
being developed.
Exploratory Grants Support
Investigator-Initiated Research
A general solicitation will support
investigator-initiated grants in ecology, biology,
engineering, air chemistry and physics, water
chemistry and physics, and socioeconomics. Four
research centers will provide fundamental
research for some of today's critical environmental
issues.
Quality of Science Data Improves
The Agency is investing additional
resources to improve the quality of science used to
formulate regulations and policy. The quality
assurance program will be enhanced to help EPA
programs better define scientific decisions, the
uncertainty decision makers will accept in the
decisions, and the data needed to support the
decisions. The application of data quality
assessment protocols also will be enhanced.
Heavy Metals Abatement Research
Continues for Lead
Research continues on Lead hazard
abatement for paint, contaminated house dust,
and contaminated soils. Methods research on
measurement of Lead in house dust and soils
development of standard reference materials,
protocols for laboratory accreditation, quality
assurance/quality control and disposal techniques
will continue. Lead drinking water contamination
resulting from corrosion control and disinfectant
by-products will be examined. Heavy metal
transfers to bone and fetal tissues will be analyzed.
34
-------
Toxic SUBSTANCES
DOLLARS
$156.3 M -$17.2 M
1994
DECREASE
$139.1 M
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
WORKYEARS
892 -50
1994
DECREASE
842
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
19934
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Toxic Substances program is targeted
towards reducing risk resulting from exposure to
toxic substances. These efforts are authorized
under five environmental statutes: Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA); Asbestos School
Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA); Asbestos
Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA); Title
III of Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA); and Pollution
Prevention Act. The recently enacted Residential
Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act (Title X)
amended TSCA. The Agency implements these
statutes with a commitment toward pollution
prevention and enhanced enforcement. These
philosophies are manifested throughout every
aspect of the Toxic Substances program.
The President's 1994 request provides
$139.1 million and 842 workyears to the Toxic
Substances program, a decrease of $17.2 million
and 50 workyears from 1993. The reduction
reflects the Agency's decision not to request funds
provided in 1993 for the Asbestos Loan and Grant
program. The federal government has already
provided over $350 million dollars to fund
abatement projects which have greatly reduced
health risks associated with this hazard. The
base toxics program will continue efforts to prevent
pollution and reduce risks associated with toxic
chemicals, encourage the voluntary reduction of
toxic emissions, develop safer substitutes for high
risk chemicals, and improve management and
oversight of state and local programs.
Although the overall funding level is
reduced, increases have been provided in order to
pursue two major Agency objectives: the swift
implementation of Title X and the provision of
better and more accurate toxic release data.
HIGHLIGHTS
Residential Lead-Based Paint:
Getting the Lead Out
EPA's existing Lead Strategy seeks to
protect human health from the hazards of lead
contamination in the environment. While the
Agency continues to explore and identify the
hazards of lead in drinking water, soil and dust
through research and public education, we are
directing an additional $15 million towards
reducing hazards from residential lead-based
paint.
The Agency's activities under the recently
enacted Title X are highly visible, risk-based
investments that also contribute to environmental
equity. Title X establishes approximately 30 EPA
mandates (many with statutory deadlines)
including the issuance of regulations so that the
states can develop programs to train lead
abatement workers, accredit worker training
programs and laboratories, and certify abatement
contractors. In the event that states do not
implement these programs, the responsibility for
implementation would rest with the federal
government, thus creating the potential need for
35
-------
Toxic SUBSTANCES
significant additional federal funds. Therefore,
investments in lead abatement that help states
now can have an insurance effect against a much
larger federal fiscal commitment in the future.
This request includes $10 million in grants,
authorized under section 404 of TSCA, which will
help states to develop the necessary lead reduction
programs.
Toxic Release Inventory:
Pollution Prevention Tool of the 90s
Section 313 of the Emergency Planning
and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)
requires certain businesses to submit reports to
EPA and state officials annually on the amounts
of chemicals their facilities release into the
environment and on source reduction and
recycling efforts. The data created through this
reporting requirement is known as the Toxic
Release Inventory (TRI). TRI serves as both a
stimulus for voluntary reduction in chemical
releases and as a means of monitoring emission
reductions. An additional $5 million is requested
for expanded TRI activities.
Design for the Environment
The Agency's Design for the Environment
(DfE) program builds on the current trend in
industry to integrate environmental factors into
design decisions about products, processes and
material usage. EPA's role is to provide key
information concerning the environmental
consequences of chemical, material and technology
choices as managers make their design decisions.
In 1994, $3.6 million will be used to expand to
other industries EPA's successful efforts with the
printing and dry cleaning industries. Activities
will also include promoting "full cost
(environmental) accounting" of products and
processes with emphasis on environmental costs
and benefits, thus institutionalizing
environmental considerations in industry
accounting and capital budgeting decisions.
Enforcement Resources Help EPA Keep
an Eve on Violators
The Agency is requesting $17.3 million
and 176 workyears to fund its broad regulatory
authority to enforce TSCA. Resources are used to
conduct inspections, initiate enforcement actions
when violations are detected, and manage and
oversee contractor and state compliance inspection
programs under the federal/state toxic substances
cooperative enforcement agreement program.
Included in this request is $5.1 million for TSCA
enforcement grants, which are used by the states
to perform compliance inspections in support of
rules which deal specifically with asbestos and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). TSCA
enforcement activities supported by grants include
monitoring the proper disposal of PCBs,
monitoring compliance with asbestos controls in
the nation's schools and monitoring compliance
with chemical control regulations issued under
Section 6 of TSCA. Because of the importance of
ensuring that state TSCA enforcement capacity
is sufficiently maintained, these grants were
protected from any cuts from 1993 levels.
Toxic Substances Research
The Toxics Research Program will focus
on risks to human health of toxic chemicals,
ecocriteria for assessing toxic effects on aquatic
life, toxic outputs of bioremediation, air toxics
and indoor air pollution sampling and exposure.
EPA is requesting $25.7 million and 149
workyears in 1994. This represents a decrease of
$0.3 million and 32 workyears from 1993. The
decrease reflects a shift in the Agency's strategy
towards greater cross-media research through
the multimedia program as a more effective
method of scientific inquiry into environmental
problems than the single media approach
traditionally followed by the Agency. The shift in
workyears is primarily for the high priority
ecosystems initiative in multimedia research.
Research continues to support the Office of Toxic
Substances for environmental review of new
chemicals, quality assurance, assessing
reproductive and neurotoxic effects of
environmental exposure to chemicals and other
health and environmental effects of chemicals in
commerce. Lead paint, house dust and
contaminated soil abatement research will be
conducted along with the lead Multimedia
Research Program. Toxic substances research is
carried out with the Pesticides Research Program.
36
-------
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
DOLLARS
$674.1 M -$97.1 M
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
WORKYEARS
3,180 -31
1994
DECREASE
3.149
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Management and Support program
provides executive direction and policy oversight
for all Agency programs, as well as those
administrative and support services that are not
assigned to a specific program. The components
of this medium are Program Management, Agency
Management, Regional Management, Buildings
& Facilities, and Support Costs. These activities
are carried out through the work of the Office of
Policy, Planning and Evaluation; the Office of
International Activities; the Office of
Administration and Resources Management; the
Office of General Coun sel; and the Administrator's
Office.
The 1994 budget supports efforts to
improve the Agency's economic and analytic
capabilities; to support EPA's international
leadership role ; and to enhance efforts aimed at
improving the Agency's data integration efforts.
Other administrative activities include:
augmenting employee development; integrating
EPA's administrative systems; and providing for
cost increases in Agency support services.
The President's 1994 budget provides
$577.0 million and 3,149 workyears to fund
Management and Support activities under the
Agency's operating programs. This represents an
decrease of $97.1 million and 31 workyears from
the 1993 budget.
HIGHLIGHTS
The Office of Policy, Planning, and
Evaluation Will Focus on Improving
the Agency's Economic and Analytic
Capabilities
In 1994, the Office of Policy, Planning,
and Evaluation (OPPE) requests a funding level
of $51.3 million and 346 workyears, an increase of
$4.2 million and a decrease of 6 workyears from
the 1993 budget, reflecting the Administration's
commitment to reduce the Federal workforce.
In 1994 OPPE will provide Agencywide
support in three major areas: 1) review and
analysis of EPA's activities from a cross-media,
cross-program perspective; 2) development and
review of environmental policy; and 3) long-term
strategic planning and management services.
OPPE plays a lead role in strengthening the
Agency's knowledge base through improved
economic and analytic capability, by focusing on
developing flexible, market-based approaches to
environmental protection; assessing the economic
effects of environmental policies; and conducting
economic and scientific analyses relating to the
Clean Air Act regulations and other rules as well
as global climate change policies.
37
-------
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
OPPE Will Continue Its Efforts to Work
With The Entire Agency and Improve the
Quality of Regulation Development and
Strategic Planning.
In support of the Agencywide goal of
stepping up pollution prevention efforts, OPPE
will work with other Federal agencies in several
areas: promotingvoluntary, company-wide energy
saving programs called "Green Companies", which
are complementary to the Office of Air and
Radiation's "Green Programs"; implementing
environmental provisions of the Intermodal
Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA);
and developing a "Cooling our Communities"
program to save energy and therefore reduce
emissions.
OPPE will also support the Agencywide
goal of protecting ecosystems with the
development of methodologies for eco-risk
assessments and the improvement of risk
management "tools" in both science and economics.
In addition, OPPE will continue to develop EPA's
statistical capabilities in order to strengthen
Agency regulatory and policy decision making
and will continue its role as lead office and
coordinator of the Agency's Global Climate Change
program.
The Office of International Activities will
Continue to Expand the Agency's
International Efforts
The 1994 budget provides $15.7 million
and 74 workyears for the Office of International
Activities (OIA), an increase of $4.5 million and a
decrease of 1 workyear from the 1993 budget.
OIA will exercise lead responsibility within EPA
for devising strategies to advance the U.S.
environmental objectives overseas as well as its
vital role in advising the Administrator on
important international environmental issues.
In 1994, OIA will oversee international
issues within the Agency. Included in these
efforts will be coordination and implementation
of the Agency's activities along the U.S.-Mexico
Border area with particular attention to the
environmental components of the North American
Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Activities will
include expansion of technical cooperation and
assistance to develop adequate environmental
infrastructure.
In addition, OIA will continue to revise
and expand relations with East-Central Europe
and other nations formerly part of the Soviet
Union, and to provide technical assistance and
capacity-building programs in a number of
European and Asian nations.
The Office of Administration and
Resources Management will Focus on
Ensuring the Quality and Integrity of
Processes and Services Provided to the
Agency
The 1994 budget provides $ 114.1 million
and 1,687 workyears for the Headquarters and
Regional components of the Office of
Administration and Resources Management
(OARM), an increase of $5.8 million and a decrease
of 19 workyears from 1993.
During 1994, OARM will continue to
provide essential services to the Agency, including
human resources management, financial
resources management, contract and grant
management, and information resources
management. The OARM budget requests
additional resources for the Integrated Contract
Management System (ICMS) which is designed
to assist the Agency in correcting its contract
management problems. There is also a request
for additional resources to support the Agency's
newly established Office of Environmental Equity.
In compliance with the President's
commitment to streamline the Federal
government's workforce, OARM reduced the
workforce in every Headquarters and Regional
component of OARM, except for the workforce
dedicated to contracts management.
Support Services
The 1994 President's Budget Request
contains $276.9 million dollars for Agencywide
support services, a decrease of $3.9 million from
1993. This decrease represents a one-time
congressional add-on for ADP support for the
38
-------
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Agency's Bay City facility. Increase are provided
in Nationwide and Headquarters support for cost
escalations to security contracts, anticipated
utility rate increases, and the GSA rate increase
in rent and direct leases. Additionally, other
increases in support will also provide for the
space planning and coordination services for the
new Headquarters facility and provide the
Regional Offices with necessary support services,
including regional moves.
Buildinps and Facilities
The Agency's 1994 Buildings and
Facilities (B&F) request of $18 million focuses on
improving the working conditions in EPA's
buildings and laboratories by rehabilitating
existing structures when cost-effective. This
represents a reduction of $116.3 million from the
1993 current estimate. A portion of the funding
in this account will be used for the build-out and
design of new facilities.
The Office of General Counsel Will
Continue to Provide Critical Agency
Legal Services
The 1994 President's Budget for legal
services includes$21.7million and 274 workyears
to provide legal advice and assistance to both
Headquarters and Regional managers. This
represents an increase of $1.2 million and a
decrease of 5 workyears from 1993.
The increased resources will provide
additional legal support for implementation of
the Clean Air Act and North American Free
Trade Agreement. The Office of General Counsel
(OGC) will work to ensure continued legal
consistency in policy development and decision-
makingthroughout the Agency. OGC will continue
to represent the Agency in all major regulatory
actions, and ensure that legal errors are avoided
and legal positions are presented in the most
persuasive manner.
The Office of the Administrator
Strengthens Regional Capabilities
Through Consolidation of
Multimedia Resources.
The budget contains $55.7 million and
495 workyears for the Headquarters and Regional
offices that comprise the Office of the
Administrator (OA). This reflects a $3.7 million
increase in resources and a decrease of 17
workyears from the previous year.
Nearly three quarters of the increase
represents the consolidation of Regional resources
from other program offices into the Office of
Regional Operations and State/Local Relations
(OROSLR) within OA. This office will provide
broad oversight of these resources which are
intended for two main purposes: 1) for local
projects which address environmental problems
identified as being of immediate concern and of
presenting high risks to human health,
ecosystems, or both; and 2) for analytical,
laboratory and support services that enhance
Regional capabilities.
The President's Budget also provides
funds for the Office of Small and Disadvantaged
Business Utilization (OSDBU) to analyze the
impact of environmental regulations on small
businesses, and to continue the Mentor/Protege
Program. The remaining increase in funds will be
shared among the Office of Civil Rights, the Office
of Environmental Education, and the Pollution
Prevention Policy Staff.
In support of the President's commitment
to streamline the size of the Federal workforce,
OA voluntarily applied a 5 percent across-the-
board workforce reduction to Headquarter offices
within OA. Regional offices implemented a 2.5
percent workforce reduction.
Program Management
In addition, there are $23.9 million and
273 workyears in program management resources
distributed throughout the other program offices
and in the regions.
39
-------
40
-------
OIL SPILLS
DOLLARS
+$21.2 M $21.2 M
$0.0 M
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994 1994
INCREASE PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
WORKYEARS
+88
88
0
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
INCREASE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
EPA's Oil Spills Program is responsible
for oil spill prevention, preparedness, response,
and enforcement activities associated with
onshore facilities. The Agency's Oil Spills program
is implemented through section 311 of the Clean
Water Act, as amended by the Oil Pollution Act
(OPA) of 1990. Fundingfor the Oil Spills Liability
Trust Fund is financed through a five cents per
barrel tax on imported petroleum.
The Agency has created a new media to
highlight the importance of the Oil Spills Program;
therefore, there are no resurces for this media in
1993. The 1993 resources for the program are
included in the multimedia and water quality
media, and funding comparisons reflect changes
in funding for the program, not the media.
The 1994 President's Budget provides
$21.2 million and 88 workyears for the Oil Spills
Program, an increase of $ 1.2 million and a decrease
of 2 workyears from the 1993 levels. The decrease
in workyears is a result of the government-wide
workyear reduction to reduce the size and cost of
government. The $1.2 million increase in 1994
provides resources to support the review and
approval of facility plans to respond to releases.
The 1994 program will focus on preventing
harmful releases of oil and petroleum products,
providing nationwide capability for containment
and removal of releases that occur, and minimizing
the environmental damage resulting from oil
spills. The Agency will continue to develop area
contingency plans for specific high risk areas, as
identified by each region, and will take
enforcement actions as a result of spills and non-
compliance with response regulations.
HIGHLIGHTS
The Oil Pollution Act contains provisions
that significantly increase the Agency's
involvement in responding to and planningfor oil
spills. Specific mandates the Agency will address
in 1994 include: responding to discharges of oil in
the nation's inland waterways; reviewing and
approving facility plans to respond to releases;
establishing area contingency plans to prepare
for hazardous chemical and petroleum spills; and
taking enforcement actions for non-cooperative
parties.
Expanding Response Support
As in the past, the Agency's top priority
will be to respond to oil spills. The OPA
significantly increased the Agency's authority to
protect public health, welfare, and the
environment from damage due to oil spills. As
required under OPA, the Agency will direct all
response actions in incidents involving on-shore
facilities where the spill (or threat of a spill)
41
-------
OIL SPILLS
represents a substantial threat to the public health
or welfare of the United States. The Agency's
Emergency Response Team will also assist the
U.S. Coast Guard on oil spills, as needed. The
Agency's Emergency Response Team is a group of
scientists and engineers that are available to
provide technical expertise 24 hours a day to On-
Scene Coordinators, Remedial Project Managers,
state and local responders, and foreign countries
in times of environmental crisis. The Agency will
also develop program guidance and policies
necessary to ensure technically adequate, cost-
effective responses.
Facility Response Plans
The OPA requires the Agency to review
facility response plans for facilities with potential
for a release creating substantial harm to the
environment. In 1994, the President's Budget
provides an increase of $1.2 million for support to
review and approve approximately one-third of
the expected facility response plans. A facility
response plan review entails evaluating each
plan for completeness and accuracy, visiting the
facility to inspect response equipment and verify
information in the response plan, and validating
the facility's capability to respond to a worst case
discharge. The OPA authorizes the Agency to
shut down facilities that do not submit response
plans.
Continuing Enforcement
The Agency will continue its use of
enforcement authorities to compel compliance
with the OPA by coordinating enforcement and
response activities with other federal and state
governmental agencies. The Agency will issue
removal orders to facilities to clean up discharges
prohibited by section 311 of the Clean Water Act
and take criminal, civil, and administrative
penalty actions against violators. The Agency
will continue to develop enforcement policies as
well as coordinate and review administrative and
judicial cases to assure consistency on a national
level.
Encouraging Oil Spill Research
The Agency's research and development
program provides scientific and engineering
technical options for cost effective and
environmentally sound responses to oil events.
Support is provided to the Agency's headquarters
and regional offices, and state and local agencies
responsible for oil releases. The Agency will
continue to disseminate technical information on
new and innovative methods for oil spill response
and will study the effectiveness ofbioremediation.
The President's 1994 Budget provides $2.1 million
and 1 workyear for research activities.
42
-------
OFFICE OF THE
INSPECTOR
GENERAL
43
-------
44
-------
OFFICE OFTHE INSPECTOR GENERAL
$42.8 M
DOLLARS
+$2.4 M $45.2 M
1994
INCREASE
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
WORKYEARS
456
1994
DECREASE
449
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Office of the Inspector General (OIG)
is responsible for auditing EPA's programs,
administrative and financial activities,
investigating allegations of possible criminal or
civil violations, and promoting efficient and
effective operations within the Agency.
The total FY1994 President's Budget for
the OIG is $45.2 million1 and 449 workyears, an
increase of $2.4 million and a decrease of 7
workyears from the FY 1993 Current Estimate.
The decrease in workyears is a result of the
government-wide workyear reduction to reduce
the size and cost of government. A portion of this
funding ($4.4 million) is assigned to the Office of
Administration and Resources Management to
provide appropriate support services.
Operations of the OIG are funded through
three separate appropriations: Management;
Superfund; and Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks (LUST). The Management portion is
appropriated with General Revenue funds and
covers the activities of the Agency's operating and
construction grants programs. The Superfund
and LUST portions are derived from the
Hazardous Substance and LUST trust funds, and
are for OIG activities related specifically to the
programs funded by the trust funds.
HIGHLIGHTS
Management
In 1994, the OIG budget for the
Management portion of the appropriation is $25.5
million and 287 workyears. This represents an
increase of $1.9 million and a decrease of 10
workyears. In 1994, the OIG will continue to
provide audit and investigative personnel for
work in the area of procurement and contracts
management and in implementing the Chief
Financial Officer Act of 1990 to ensure that the
accounting systems and financial reports are
accurate and reliable. The OIG will continue to
provide a balanced and sustained audit presence
in conducting performance audits in all major
programs, in strengthening internal controls, in
improving operational efficiency and effectiveness,
and in ensuring the integrity of Agency
procurements to achieve the maximum
environmental benefit with available resources.
More audits and investigations of procurement
and con tract/grant management will help ensure
that EPA's extensive contract dollars are used
most effectively and efficiently.
The OIG will continue to audit EPA's
construction grants and State Revolving Funds.
In addition, the OIG will conduct additional audits
45
-------
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
and investigations focusing on improving the
integrity of scientific data, research, and analysis
crucial to EPA. The OIG will emphasize high
impact investigations of procurement fraud and
aggressively pursue new initiatives including
fraud in Agency funded research. The Office will
also continue its efforts in fraud prevention by
publicizing its activities, helping EPA employees
identify areas sensitive to fraud, and developing
new fraud detection tools and methods.
Superfund
The Office of the Inspector General
provides a total of $ 14.8 million and 155 workyears
for Superfund activities. This is an increase of
$210 thousand to be derived from the Hazardous
Substance Trust Fund. The OIG will continue to
increase the amount of resources applied to audits
and investigations of the Superfund program,
particularly in the area of procurement and
contracts. To improve its ability to respond to
Agency needs, the OIG will continue to redirect
extramural contract resources to expand its in-
house audit capacity. Also, the OIG will continue
to broaden procurement related investigations.
The OIG will also comply with the audit
requirements of the Chief Financial Officer Act of
1990. The OIG will focus additional resources on
audits and investigations of the management and
integrity of scientific data crucial to Agency
regulatory decisions.
Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks (LUST)
The Office of the Inspector General
provides a total of $596 thousand and 7 workyears
for LUST activities, a decrease of $15 thousand
and an increase of 3 workyears, to be derived from
the LUST Trust Fund. These resources will
support continued contract and management
audits and provide for expansion of LUST
investigations. To improve its ability to respond
to Agency needs, the OIG will redirect extramural
contract resources to expand its in-house audit
capacity.
46
-------
SUPERFUND
47
-------
48
-------
SUPERFUND
DOLLARS
$1.585.2 M -S88.8M
WORKYEARS
1994
DECREASE
$1.496.4 M
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA) of 1980, as amended by the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986,
charges the Agency with the responsibility to
protect human health and the environment by
providing emergency response when hazardous
substances are released into the environment
and cleaningup sites with uncontrolled hazardous
wastes. Superfund activities are financed by
taxes on petroleum and certain chemical
feedstocks, a corporate environmental tax, fines,
penalties, general revenues and the recovery of
Superfund expenditures from those responsible
for the pollution.
The 1994 President's Budget provides
$1,496.4 million supported by 3,514 workyears, a
decrease of $88.8 million and 54 workyears from
the 1993 level. The reduced funding will not
impair the momentum of site completions due to
the Agency's efforts to continue shifting cleanup
financing from the Trust Fund to polluters and
streamlining the Superfund process. The decrease
in workyears is a result of the government-wide
workyear reduction to reduce the size and cost of
government.
HIGHLIGHTS
Continuing Atfpressive Enfnre.emenf.
The 1994 President's Budget provides
$184.0 million and 1,552 workyears for the
3,514
1994
DECREASE
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
enforcement program. This represents an increase
of $9.7 million and a decrease of 23 workyears
from the 1993 level.
The primary priority for the Superfund
enforcement program is to continue to shift
cleanup financing from the Trust Fund to those
responsible for polluting. Over 70% of new
cleanups are currently financed by responsible
parties. The Agency will place special emphasis
onmonitoringexistingsettlementsforcompliance
and reaching settlements with small contributors
at Superfund sites. Where negotiations to reach
cleanup agreements fail, the Agency will take
enforcement actions to compel responsible party
cleanups. In all cases, the Agency will aggressively
pursue the recovery of government costs to conduct
and oversee cleanups and assess penalties where
appropriate.
In addition to overseeing the cleanup of
116 federal facilities on the NPL, primarily
Department of Energy and Department of
Defense, the Agency will work to ensure
expeditious and environmentally sound review
and restoration at closing military bases, prior to
their use by the private sector. Under the recently
enacted Community Environmental Response
Facilitation Act (CERFA), EPA will assess the
remedy for contaminated parcels and concur on
the transfer of uncontaminated parcels at closing
or realigning military bases.
49
-------
SUPERFUND
Accelerating and Streamlining Cleanups
The 1994 President's Budget provides
$1,137.3 million and 1,291 workyears for the
Response program, a decrease of $95.4 million
and 20 workyears. The Response program
includes the emergency removal of hazardous
waste releases, investigation of sites that may
require cleanup, selection of cleanup remedy,
design of cleanup and cleanup construction. Other
activities include laboratory analysis, community
relations, state/local cooperation and support from
other federal agencies, including the Department
of Justice.
The Agency's Superfund Accelerated
Cleanup Model (SACM), focusing on streamlining
and accelerating cleanups, will be fully
implemented in 1994. Specifically, SACM
streamlines the site assessment and remedy
selection processes and increases the use of
removal authority to reduce risks quickly. The
SACM approach also includes an emphasis to
bring responsible parties into the cleanup process
earlier. Funding for SACM early actions is
$114.5 million, an increase of $19.0 million over
the 1993 level.
Continuing Kite and Technical Sunnort
The Superfund research program provides
the scientific and technical information necessary
to ensure the effective implementation of removal
and remedial actions atSuperfund sites. Scientific
information and technical assistance will continue
to be provided to the regions, state and local
governments, private industry, and other decision
makers on risk assessments, monitoring
methodologies, innovative and alternative clean-
up technologies, health effects, and environmental
processes associated with the clean up of
hazardous substances.
The 1994 President's Budget provides
$59.1 million and 132 workyears for Superfund
research, which is a decrease of $8.9 million and
2 workyears from 1993. This reduction includes
the elimination of Congressionally directed
projects. The Superfund health effects program
isbeingphased out and surface cleanup activities
will also be reduced. The program will continue
to support Clark Atlanta University, the five
Hazardous Substances Research Centers, areas
showing potential cost reduction for site cleanup,
technical support to the regions and states, risk
assessments, site characterizations, and selection
of remedial alternatives for site cleanup and the
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
program.
Protecting the Integrity of the Trust Fund
The 1994 President's Budget provides
$115.9 million and 540 workyears for management
and support services for the Superfund program.
This represents an increase of $5.7 million and a
decrease of 8 workyears from the 1993 level.
Approximately 60% of this amount provides the
Superfund program's portion of Agencywide
support costs such as: rent, postage, utilities,
security, mail and telecommunications. The
remaining amount funds a wide range of critical
administrative, analytical, financial, and legal
services for the program.
The 1994 resources will allow for
continued improvements in Superfund contract
management to combat fraud, waste, and abuse
in the Federal Superfund assistance and
procurement programs. Special emphasis will be
placed on accountability and ensuring that every
Superfund assistance award complies with
regulatory and policy requirements. This effort
will also necessitate an increase in the Agency's
legal support to the financial and administrative
operation of Superfund, including contract law,
audits, and cooperative agreements.
In order to address the Agency's good
science, enforcement and environmental
monitoring assessmentgoals, additional resources
have been provided for the Environmental
Services Divisions. This is to ensure that
laboratory and field equipment, and operations
are modern, and maintained. Analytical support
of the Superfund program will include the
examination of costs, benefits, and impacts, as
well as critical issues associated with Superfund
reauthorization.
50
-------
SUPERFUND
Using the Expertise of Other
Federal Agencies
The Agency continues to seek special
expertise of other Federal agencies to support
health authorities under CERCLA. Excluding
funding for Department of Justice, the 1994
President's Budget provides $77.7 million for
other Federal agencies. Areduction of $39 million
is related to not sustaining specific Congressional
increases from 1993. Within the budget for the
National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences, $20 million is provided for the Worker
Safety Training grants program.
51
-------
52
-------
LEAK
UNDE
s
T
ING
RGROUND
TORAGE
ANKS
53
-------
54
-------
LUST
DOLLARS
$75.0 M +$0.4 M $75.4 M
1994
INCREASE
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
94
WORKYEARS
-l
1994
DECREASE
93
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The Leaking Underground Storage Tank
(LUST) program supports timely and effective
responses to releases from underground storage
tanks containing petroleum and other hazardous
substances. The LUST program operates under
the authority of Subtitle I of the Hazardous and
Solid Waste Amendments of 1984, as amended by
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act of 1986. The LUST Trust Fund, financed by
a one-tenth of one cent per gallon tax on motor
fuels, was reauthorized by the Omnibus Budget
Reconciliation Act of 1990 for five additional
years.
Resources are used by the Agency to assist
states in addressing the growing universe of tank
releases. The Agency's strategy is to encourage
the development of comprehensive state LUST
programs through state cooperative agreements
to ensure responsible parties clean up releases.
The 1994 President's Budget provides $75.4
million and 93 workyears for the LUST program,
an increase of $379 thousand and a decrease of 1
workyear. Approximately 86% of LUST re sources
are provided to the states through grants or state
cooperative agreements.
HIGHLIGHTS
All state LUST programs have developed
response and enforcement capabilities. The
Agency will continue to provide states the
resources needed to find the responsible parties
to undertake corrective action at leaking sites. In
1994, the Agency will continue to assist states in
streamlining their corrective action programs
and promoting innovative site investigation and
cleanup technologies. The Agency will also
continue to provide states with scientific guidance
and management support.
Addressing the Increasing Number
of Storage Tank Releases
Due to the large number of regulated
underground storage tanks in the United States,
the Agency emphasizes a decentralized program
relying primarily on states and localities to carry
out the leaking underground tank program. Of
the nearly 2 million regulated tanks, it is estimated
that 20% may be leaking. Confirmed releases are
being reported at a rate of 1,000 per week, and
state workers are overseeing up to 400 cases at a
time.
1994 LUST Appropriation
$75.4 M
~ $65.4 M
President's
Budget
Total
State
Cooperative
Agreements
55
-------
LUST
The Agency anticipates the overwhelming
majority of these reported leaks will be addressed
by the states and responsible owners/operators.
In conjunction with the states, responsible parties
have conducted almost 97% of all cleanups at
leaking underground storage tanks. States
confirm reported leaks and provide oversight to
owners as they conduct site assessments and
corrective actions at their sites.
Building State Capacity Is Key to
Successful Implementation
The Agency's goal is to continue to build
state capacity to address the growing number of
underground tanks requiring response action.
The funding level for 1994 supports state and
territory efforts to develop and implement
comprehensive LUST programs by providing
federal assistance through cooperative
agreements. The 1994 President's Budget
provides $65.4 million for state cooperative
agreements, maintaining the current level of
resources.
Increasing Compliance
Through Enforcement
The LUST enforcement program
continues to target responsible parties to finance
corrective actions. LUST regional program and
legal staff will provide assistance to state
personnel to enhance voluntary compliance with
corrective action and financial responsibility
requirements.
If necessary, states may use formal
enforcement actions to compel corrective action.
In rare instances where the state must perform
the cleanup, (e.g., emergencies or abandoned
tanks), states will attempt to recover costs from
the responsible owners/operators. Recovered
funds may be used by the states to finance other
LUST activities.
Continuing LUST Research
The Agency requests $764 thousand and
2 workyears for LUST research, which reflects no
change from the 1993 levels. Resources will be
used to provide technical support to the Agency's
headquarters and regional offices, and state and
local agencies responsible for implementing the
LUST program. Technical support will focus on
providing scientific expertise on low cost
approaches for assessing site contamination and
evaluating cleanup technologies. The Agency
will continue to disseminate technical information
on new and innovative methods for cleanup
technologies and will assist states in developing
the capabilities to manage an effective response
program.
56
-------
WATER
INFRASTRUCTURE
57
-------
58
-------
WATER INFRASTRUCTURE
$2,550.0 M
$1,927.0 SRF
454.0 Spec. Proj.
102.5 Mexican
Border
50.0 Nonpoint
Source
16.5 WQ
Cooperative
Agreements
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
+$845.3 M
+$845.3 M .
1993 Economic
Stimulus
$2,972.3 M
/_
$2,127.0 M
$599.0 Drinking
Water SRF
$1,198.0 Clean
Water SRF
100.0 Spec. Proj.
150.0 Mexican
Border
80.0 Nonpoint
Source
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
The President's budget proposes $2.9
billion in 1993 and 1994 infrastructure funding
for construction of projects needed to comply with
Clean Water and Safe Drinking Water Act
requirements. The $845.3 million 1993 stimulus
funding for wastewater state revolving funds
(SRF) completes, a year ahead of schedule, the
$ 18 billion authorized by the Water Quality Act of
1987 that was designed to end federal assistance
to municipalities for wastewater construction.
This authorization is being replaced by two new
authorizations providing capitalization grants for
clean water and drinking water state revolving
funds. These SRFs will provide low interest loans
to help municipalities comply with Clean Water
and Safe Drinking Water requirements.
HIGHLIGHTS
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
The President's Budget includes $599
million in capitalization grants for Drinking Water
State Revolving Funds for 1994 and $3.6 billion
forthe period 1994-1997. These newly authorized
Drinking Water SRFs will provide low interest
loans to help municipalities comply with Safe
Drinking Water Act requirements.
Clean Water State Revolving Fund
The President's Budget includes $1.2
billion in capitalization grants for Clean Water
State Revolving Funds for 1994 and $7.2 billion
for the period 1994-1997. Under the new Clean
Water State Revolving Fund, funds will be eligible
for a wide array of water quality activities such as
nonpoint source control, implementation of
National Estuary plans, stormwater control and
control of sewer overflows that result from wet
weather events as well as wastewater treatment.
Mexican Border Wastewater Treatment
The 1994 President's Budget includes
$150 million for wastewater treatment
construction along the Mexican Border. This
includes construction at the International
Wastewater Treatment Plant to treat Tijuana
sewage that currently flows into the United States
at San Diego, the U.S. colonias, and several other
border projects. These funds support the North
American Free Trade Agreement.
59
-------
WATER INFRASTRUCTURE
Grants for Cities with
Extraordinary Needs
The Administration is requesting $100
million for the construction of secondary treatment
for one or more cities with high secondary
treatment needs and high user charges. Strict
criteria have been established in order to ensure
that only cities with extraordinary needs qualify
for funding.
Nonpoint Source Grants
Nonpoint Source grants are discussed in
the Water Quality Section of this document even
though they are funded through the Water
Infrastructure Financing Account.
60
-------
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOPMENT
61
-------
62
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
$508.4 M
DOLLARS
+$27.5 M $535.9 M
WORKYEARS
1.908
-29
1994
INCREASE
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
DECREASE
1,879
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
In 1994, EPA's Research and Development
Program will be a total of $535.9 million and
1,879 workyears. This represents an increase of
$27.5 million (+5.4%) and a reduction of 29
workyears(-1.5%) from 1993.
Research and development is essential to
the understanding of environmental issues
because these issues are complex in nature, broad
in scale, and involve synergistic effects which
require a systematic scientific approach. Scientific
information also provides the base line for decision
makers to understand the causes and effects of
pollution, the risks involved, and the options
available to reduce these risks. EPA, with other
Federal agencies, is responsible for helpingdefine
the nature of and optionsfor solving environmental
problems.
The Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) conducts research and development for
two primary purposes. These are to:
1. support the Agency's statutory
and regulatory responsibilities of
protecting human health and the
environment, and to
2. advance the level of knowledge in
environmental sciences to better
understand current and emerging
environmental issues to be able to
address them.
Funding of EPA's Research and
Development Program in 1994 will be provided
through six appropriations, consisting of 12 agency
media programs. The tables on the following
page identify the 1994 President's Budget for
EPA's Research and Development Program by
each of these appropriations and then by each
media.
Air Research Program
The Air Research Program aim is to
effectively implement the Clean Air Act (CAA)
and better understand acid deposition, global
climate change and indoor air pollution. In 1994,
EPA will devote a total $125.8 million and 455
workyears, a decrease of $5.8 million and 28
workyears. The decrease reflects a shift in the
Agency's strategy towards greater cross-media
research through the multimedia program as a
more effective method of scientific inquiry into
environmental problems than the single media
approach traditionally followed by the Agency.
The shift includes support for the high priority
Ecosystems initiative and Innovative Technology
initiatives in Multimedia research.
Research will focus on developing the
basis for the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) and vehicle emissions
standards, evaluating potential changes to, and
benefits of, the standards, and developing the
basis for state implementation plans. Additional
resources will be dedicated to address the human
63
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
1994 Research and Development Resources
Appropriation Account
Program and Research Operations
Research & Development
Oil Spills
Superfund Trust Fund
LUST Trust Fund
PRESIDENTS 1994 BUDGET
by Appropriation
(Dollars in Millions)
Total
Dollars
$118.8
353.6
2.1
60.7
Subtotal R&D
Abatement, Control & Compliance (for Development)
Grand Total
$535.9
12.0
$547.9
Change
from 1993
+$5.7
+31.2
0.0
-9.3
+$27.5
+ 12.0
+$39.5
PRESIDENTS 1994 BUDGET
by Media
(Dollars in Millions)
Total Change
Research Media Program Dollars from 1993
Air $125.8 - 5.8
Radiation * - 1.6
Water Quality 29.1 -2.0
Drinking Water 19.7 -0.4
Pesticides 14.2 - 0.8
Toxic Substances 25.7 - 0.3
Hazardous Waste 33.7 -9.4
Multimedia 217.6 +53.5
Superfund 60.7 - 9.2
LUST 0.8 0.0
Oil Spills 2.1 + 2.0
Management & Support 6.6 + 1.5
Subtotal R&D $535.9 +$27.5
Abatement, Control and Compliance (for Development) 12.0 +12.0
Grand Total $547.9 +39.5
* The Agency Radiation Research Program will continue its interagency agreement to provide off-site
monitoring support to DOE at the Nevada Test Site.
64
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
health and environmental risks posed by criteria
air pollutants, with particular emphasis on
tropospheric ozone and visibility issues. In
addition, EPA will investigate and assess the
risks presented by toxic air pollutants and the
extent to which they can be mitigated by control
technology and pollution prevention methods.
This research will help the Agency to better
identify and quantify the benefits - both ecological
and human health - that have been and will be
realizedfrom actions taken to reduce air pollution.
EPA will also conduct research on replacements
for ozone depleting compounds and procedures
for evaluating the safety of proposed alternative
chemical technologies.
The Agency will focus research on global
climate and stratospheric ozone depletion to
improve our scientific understanding of how global
climate change impacts the terrestrial biosphere
and predictingthe extent of such biospheric effects
on the future. This program, which is part of the
overall Federal U.S. Global Change Research
Program developed via the Committee on Earth
and Environmental Sciences (GEES), will improve
EPA's ability to develop a rational policy for
responding to global change. Finally, research
will be conducted to further identify, characterize,
and compare the health risks associated with
exposures to indoor air pollutants in support of
the Program Office's Indoor Air Program.
Water Quality Research
In 1994 the Agency will allocate a total of
$29.1 million and 214 workyears for water quality
research, a decrease of $2.0 million and 9
workyears from 1993. The decrease reflects a
shift in the Agency's strategy towards greater
cross-media research through the multimedia
program as a more effective method of scientific
inquiry into environmental problems than the
single media approach traditionally followed by
the Agency. The shift includes support for the
high priority Ecosystems initiative in Multimedia
research. To help implement a national policy of
"no net loss of wetlands", EPA is carrying out a
multi-year research plan to develop a risk-based
approach for wetland protection and management.
Increased resources will be used to evaluate the
restoration potential of agriculturally converted
wetlands in the prairie pothole region. Other
research resources will be used to develop and
improve scientific data and technologies to help
protect and enhance the designated uses of our
nation's waters and related ecosystems, including
research on coastal and marine waters, large
lakes and rivers, contaminated sediments, aquatic
ecocriteria, non-point sources of pollution, habitat/
biodiversity, and wastewater and sludge. For
example, the research program will develop
aquatic ecocriteria and other methods for
assessingandpredictingthelong-term cumulative
effects of multiple anthropogenic stresses on the
Great Lakes, the Gulf of Mexico, and other coastal
and marine ecosystems.
Multimedia, Research
In 1994, EPA requests a total of $217.6
million and 318 workyears for Multimedia
research. This represents an increase of $53.5
million and 87 workyears from 1993.
EPA's response to environmental
problems today necessitates a more
comprehensive cross-media approach. Consider
the complexity of air pollution and non-point
source runoff effects on large water bodies (e.g.
Great Lakes or Puget Sound) and effects on, and
by,their surroundingpopulations. Environmental
problems of this magnitude require a broad base
of scientific knowledge to understand them and
create effective solutions.
To better address cross-media issues, EPA
is funding Multimedia research activities to
improve ecological risk assessment, expand our
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program, and Human health research. Increases
in pollution prevention research will emphasize
source reduction research, along with funding for
scientific infrastructure for research staffsupport
and equipment. The infrastructure investments
include a "massively parallel" computer
(supercomputer) and high speed/density
communications link.
Drinking Water Research
The 1994 Drinking Water Research total
is $19.7 million and 158 workyears, a decrease of
$0.4 million and 7 workyears from 1993. The
decrease reflects a shift in the Agency's strategy
towards greater cross-media research through
65
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
the multimedia program as a more effective
method of scientific inquiry into environmental
problems than the single media approach
traditionally followed by the Agency. The shift
includes support for the high priority Ecosystems
initiative in Multimedia research. Resources will
be used for research on comparative risk modeling
in order to be able to identify the risk tradeoff
between safe microbial levels and acceptable risk
from exposures to disinfectants and disinfectant
by-products. Other research will be include non-
point sources of pollution and groundwater. Non-
point source research will focus on studying the
impact of agricultural chemicals on surface and
groundwater drinking supplies. Groundwater
research will focus on developing risk assessment
and management strategies for water wellhead
protection and underground waste injection
controls.
Hazardous Waste Research
The Hazardous Waste Research program
is requesting a total of $33.7 million and 205
workyears in 1994, a reduction of $9.4 million of
and 14 workyears from 1993. Reduction results
from a shift of $2.1 million and 1 workyear out of
the Hazardous Waste program element to the Oil
Spills Trust Fund Appropriation and the
elimination of Congressionally directed projects,
which were either one time projects or do not
contribute to the Agency's mission. The Agency
will increase research on remediation of
groundwater contaminated by hazardous wastes.
Scientists will continue to provide technical
assistance to strengthen capabilities of the regions,
states, local communities and the private sector.
Bioremediation will be studied as an alternative
for cleanup of hazardous wastes and nitrates
from waste. Activities will continue at 1993 levels
for ecorisk assessment methods, surface cleanup,
and technology transfer. Research will continue
at reduced levels for municipal solid waste, land
disposal, recycling, and integrated waste
management.
Pesticides Research
Pesticides research will continue to focus
on reducing risks from pesticides to human health
and the environment. EPA is requesting a total
of $14.2 million and 89 workyears in 1994. This
represents a decrease of $0.8 million and 19
workyears from 1993. The decrease reflects a
shift in the Agency's strategy towards greater
cross-media research through the multimedia
program as a more effective method of scientific
inquiry into environmental problems than the
single media approach traditionally followed by
the Agency. The shift in workyears is primarily
for the high priority ecosystems initiative in
multimedia research. Exposure research will be
targeted to methods of measuring exposure of
human populations to pesticides. Emphasis will
predict the total human exposure from multiple
pathways and methods to monitor inhalation.
Health effects research on pesticides will address
agricultural workers, their spouses and children,
with emphasis on neurotoxicology and
reproductive effects on selected populations. The
Agency will continue research on environmental
releases of biotechnology products in support of
the Federal Coordinating Council for Science,
Engineering and Technology (FCCSET).
Ecological risk assessment, groundwater and non-
point source research will focus on large watershed
and aquifer contamination. Pesticides research
is done in conjunction with the Toxic Substances
Research Program.
Radiation Research
The Radiation Research program requests
a total of 60 workyears for FY 1994 under a
reimbursable agreement with the Department of
Energy (DOE). This represents a decrease of 24
total workyears and a redirection of radiation
resources to higher priority research activities.
These resources will be moved into the Air Quality
and Multimedia programs to conduct related
indoor air engineering research and to better
manage cross program quality assurance
activities. Infrastructure resources are being
redirected to air program elements.
EPA will continue to conduct off-site
monitoring under a reimbursable arrangement
with DOE at the Nevada Test Site. The Off-Site
Monitoring program will provide the data needed
by policy makers to make decisions regarding the
control of public exposure to radioactive materials
resultingfrom nuclear testing and manufacturing
activities. This support includes of a radiation
66
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
safety monitoring program, operation of
environmental sampling networks, lab analyses
to assess the impact of inadvertent release of
radioactivity, and maintenance of data in
computerized data bases.
Toxic Substances Research
The Toxics Research Program will focus
on risks to human health of toxic chemicals,
ecocriteria for assessing toxic effects on aquatic
life, toxic outputs of bioremediation, air toxics
and indoor air pollution sampling and exposure.
EPA is requesting $25.7 million and 149
workyears in 1994. This represents a decrease of
$0.3 million and 32 workyears from 1993. The
decrease reflects a shift in the Agency's strategy
towards greater cross-media research through
the multimedia program as a more effective
method of scientific inquiry into environmental
problems than the single media approach
traditionally followed by the Agency. The shift in
workyears is primarily for the high priority
Ecosystems initiative in Multimedia research.
Research continues to support the Office of Toxic
Substances for environmental review of new
chemicals, quality assurance, assessing
reproductive and neurotoxic effects of
environmental exposure to chemicals and other
health and environmental effects of chemicals in
commerce. Lead paint, house dust and
contaminated soil abatement research will be
conducted along with the lead Multimedia
Research Program. Toxic substances research is
carried out with the Pesticides Research Program.
Superfund Research
The Superfund research program provides
the scientific and technical information necessary
to ensure the effective implementation of removal
and remedial action sat Superfund sites. Scientific
information and technical assistance will continue
to be provided to the Regions, State and local
governments, private industry, and other decision
makers on risk assessments, monitoring
methodologies, innovative and alternative clean-
up technologies, health effects, and environmental
processes associated with the clean up of
hazardous substances.
EPA is requesting $60.7 million and 134
workyears for Superfund research in 1994, which
is a decrease of $9.2 million and 2 workyears from
1993. This reduction includes the elimination of
Congressionally directed projects, which were
either one time projects or do not contribute to the
Agency's mission. The Superfund health effects
program is being phased out and surface cleanup
activities will also be reduced. The program will
continue to support Clark Atlanta University, the
five Hazardous Substances Research Centers,
areas showing potential cost reduction for site
cleanup, technical support to the Regions and
states, risk assessments, site characterizations,
and selection of remedial alternatives for site
cleanup and the SITE program.
LUST Research
The Agency is requesting $0.8 million
and 2 workyears for LeakingUnderground Storage
Tanks (LUST) research, which reflects no change
from the 1993 levels. Research will provide
technical support to EPA's Office of Underground
Storage Tanks, EPA Regional Offices, State and
local agencies responsible for implementing the
LUST Trust Fund Program. Technical support
will focus on providing scientific expertise on low
cost approaches for assessing site contamination
and evaluating remedial technologies. EPA will
continue to disseminate technical information on
new and innovative methods for remedial
technologies and will assist States in developing
the capabilities to manage an effective response
program.
Oil Spill Research
The Office of Research and Development's
(ORD) 1994 request is $2.1 million and 1.0
workyear to be funded from the Oil Spill Liability
Trust Fund. This research provides scientific and
engineering technical options for cost effective
and environmentally sound responses to oil events.
Support is provided to EPA's Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, EPA Regional Offices,
State and local agencies responsible for oil
releases. EPA will continue to disseminate
technical information on new and innovative
methods for response technologies and will study
the efficacy of bioremediation.
67
-------
68
-------
STATE AND
LOCAL GRANTS
69
-------
70
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
$547 M
$625 M
$302 M
/^
r
/
$292 M »15M
s
s
/
f
$376 M
/*
f
$491 M
s >
f
$468 M
s
s
/
/
jf
s
$47M*
I$578M
/
/
1987 1988 1989 1990
* 1993 President's Economic Stimulus Package
1991
1992
1993
1994
The 1994 President's Budget allocates
$624.7 million to support State and local
environmental programs as part of the Operating
Programs (includes $47 million from the 1993
Stimulus Package), an increase of $78 million
overthe 1993 Current Estimate. The 1994 funding
level, without the 1993 Stimulus Package,
represents an increase of $30.8 million over the
1993 Current Estimate. The 1994 Budget
recognizes and maintains the commitment for
essential state and grant programs, while
satisfying fiscal constraints necessary throughout
the federal government.
Addressing Critical Areas of Concern
The Agency's state grant programs are
designed to create and strengthen the abilities of
states and localities to address the Nation's
ecological threats. These threats include
contaminated drinking water, pesticides in food,
hazardous waste, toxic substances, and air and
radiation pollution. Many of our Nation's
ecological problems are most effectively dealt
with at the state and local level. Th eir remediation
therefore, can be best leveraged by providing
federal support and resources to state and local
efforts.
The Administration has requested a
substantial increase in funding in nonpoint source
grants authorized under Sec. 319 of the Clean
Water Act. In addition to the $47 million increase
in the President's stimulus funding, the 1994
budget includes an $80 million investment for
nonpoint source grants. This investment will be
directed toward control of both urban/suburban
and agricultural runoff produced by wet weather
conditions. Our goal for this program is to ensure
that themajority of water flowinginto our Nation's
waterbodies as a result of wet weather conditions
will be controlled to a level set by EPA standards
for water quality.
An increase in Pesticides Program
Implementation Grants provides assistance to
states and Indian tribes as they continue their
efforts to prevent dangerous pesticides from
harming workers, endangered species, and
ground water. In the endangered species program,
EPA will financially support states in the
development of protection plans to meet state-
specific needs. In the groundwater program, the
Agency will continue to work with the states in
the development and review of Generic State
Management Plans. Additional resources will
also enable the states to provide grants to
implement a geographically-targeted program for
the certification and training of pesticide
applicators.
Regarding Pesticides Enforcement
Grants, the Agency will continue cooperative
agreements with 55 participating states and
territories, and 12 Indian tribes and tribal
organizations. This program will continue to be
the primary means for ensuring public and
71
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
environmental safety from hazardous pesticides
by enforcing the requirements of the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA). Activities will include pesticide producer
establishment and marketplace inspections,
applicator license and record inspections, dealer
record inspections, and agricultural and non-
agricultural use inspections.
Hazardous Waste state grants provide
funding for the development of legislation and
and regulations consistent with the Federal
Hazardous Waste Programs. They also support
state inspections and enforcement, and the
permitting of environmentally sound new
facilities.
Thirty-five states participate in the Toxic
Substances Enforcement grant program through
cooperative agreements with EPA. These grants
fund activities that emphasize compliance
monitoring of chemical control rules, particularly
forpolychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCBs)andasbestos.
In 1994, these resources will enable states to
continue developing legislative authorities for
enhanced Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
enforcement within and across media. Also, states
will use these grants to improve screening
capabilities for data on cross-media violators.
Inspector training in cross-media issues will also
be augmented.
In addition, EPA wants to help states
successfully institute air pollution control state
implementation plans, and avoid costly federal
intervention. To help ensure this, EPA will grant
funding to states and Indian tribes, and continue
providing technical and informational support to
state air programs. Areas of critical importance
include new inspection programs for vehicles
which will more accurately test whether engines
meet air quality standards under normal driving
conditions, provide technical resources to monitor
air quality programs and help states grant
operating permits to industrial facilities to give
companies operational flexibility while ensuring
compliance. In 1994, states will also begin
implementation of a fee system to help pay for
Clean Air Act oversight and inspections.
With regard to radiation cleanup, the
states will receive funding to assist in the
development and implementation of radon
assessment, control and mitigation programs.
Distribution of these grants will be based on risk
targeting and include consideration of each state's
adoption of radon model construction standards
and use of previously awarded grants.
For 1994 the Administration proposes a
new grant program to assist states in
implementing the Residential Lead-based Paint
Hazard Reduction Act of 1992. Funds are
requested under Sec. 404 of the Toxic Substances
Control Act, as amended, to provide states with
start-up financial assistance to develop state plans
governing abatement worker training and
certification; and contractor certification and
performance standards.
The Administration proposes two new
SRFs for 1994. The first is the Clean Water SRF
which will focus on water quality issues such as
the implementation of National Estuary Program
plans, no-point source control, stormwater and
combined sewer overflow control as well as
wastewater treatment. Additional resources for
nonpoint source grants will target pollution that
results from heavy rains and snow melts as these
events wash debris and pollutants into our
Nation's waters. The second SRF is the Drinking
Water SRF. This fund will provide states with
resources to upgrade their drinking water systems.
The chart on the following page shows
state and local grants by program area.
72
-------
j^^Bi STATE
AND LOCAL GRANTS ^H^H
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
AIR
SECTION 105
WATER QUALITY
SECTION 106
CLEAN LAKES
NONPOINT SOURCE
WETLANDS PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION
DRINKING WATER
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM
PROGRAM GRANTS
UNDERGROUND INJECTION
CONTROL PROGRAM
SPECIAL STUDIES
HAZARDOUS WASTE
H.W. FINANCIAL
ASSISTANCE
UNDERGROUND STORAGE
TANKS
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
GRANTS
PESTICIDES PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION
RADIATION
RADON STATE GRANTS
MULTIMEDIA
POLLUTION PREVENTION
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
LEAD PROGRAM
DEVELOPMENT GRANTS
1993 STIMULUS PACKAGE
NONPOINT SOURCE
TOTAL
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$174,588.6
81,659.0
4,000.0
50,000.0
10,000.0
58,862.7
10,302.3
4,500.0
92,949.7
8,994.7
15,842.4
15,201.4
8,158.0
6,800.0
5,100.0
0.0
$546,958.8
73
1994
PRESIDENTS
BUDGET
$172,888.6
81,700.0
0.0
80,000.0
10,000.0
58,900.0
10,500.0
500.0
92,949.7
8,994.7
15,842.4
16,201.4
8,158.0
6,000.0
5,100.0
10,000.0
46,961.0
$624,695.8
1994-1993
DIFFERENCE
-$1,700.0
+41.0
-4,000.0
+30,000.0
0.0
+37.3
+197.7
-4,000.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
+1,000.0
0.0
-800.0
0.0
+10,000.0
+46,961.0
+ $77,737.0
-------
74
-------
APPENDIX:
BUDGET TABLES
75
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUMMARY OF AGENCY RESOURCES
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Air
Water Quality
Drinking Water
Hazardous Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Multimedia
Toxic Substances
Management & Support
Oil Spills*
Office of the Inspector General (OIG)
1993 Stimulus Package
SUBTOTAL OPERATING PROGRAMS
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
$518,267.3
484,900.8
145,343.8
314,549.7
119,196.4
34,765.9
253,668.5
156,329.2
674,075.4
0.0
42,799.0
0.0
1994
PRESIDENT'S
BUDGET
$551,674.8
464,403.2
143,849.8
320,463.1
124,415.5
35,348.5
322,009.6
139,077.2
577,028.8
21,239.0
45,194.0
70,442.0
1994-1993
DIFFERENCE
TOTAL
DOLLARS
+$33,407.5
-20,497.6
-1,494.0
+5,913.4
+5,219.1
+582.6
+68,341.1
-17,252.0
-97,046.6
+21,239.0
+2,395.0
+70,442.0
$2,743,896.0
$2,815,145.5
+$71,249.5
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund (Superfund)
1,585,228.0**
1,496,400.0
-88,828.0
Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund (LUST)
75,000.0
75,379.0
+379.0
Water Infrastructure
1993 Stimulus Package
SUBTOTAL INFRASTRUCTURE
GRAND TOTAL
$2,500,000.0
$2,500,000.0
$6,904,124.0
2,047,000.0
845,300.0
$2,892,300.0
$7,279,224.5
-453,000.0
+845,300.0
+$392.3
+$375,100.5
* In 1993, Oil Spills resources were included in the water quality and multimedia media.
** Includes $11.7 million carryover resources from 1992.
76
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUMMARY OF AGENCY RESOURCES
(WORKYEARS)
PROGRAM
Air
Water Quality
Drinking Water
Hazardous Waste
Pesticides
Radiation
Multimedia
Toxic Substances
Management & Support
Oil Spills*
Office of the Inspector General (OIG)
SUBTOTAL OPERATING PROGRAMS
1993
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
2,345
2,326
790
1,650
1,098
317
1,021
892
3,180
0
456
14,075
1994
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
2,301
2,207
768
1,601
1,073
289
1,095
842
3,149
88
449
13,861
1994-1993
DIFFERENCE
TOTAL
WORKYEARS
-44
-119
-22
-49
-25
-28
+74
-50
-31
+88
-7
-214
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund (Superfund)
3,568
3,514
-54
Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund (LUST)
94
93
-1
GRAND TOTAL
17,738
17,469
-269
* In 1993, Oil Spills resources were included in the water quality and multimedia media.
77
-------
The drawings on the opposite page reflect the visions of our
environment by the youth of today -- our leaders of tomorrow. We
thank the students of Syphax Elementary School, Washington B.C. for
their contributions to this year's Summary of the 1994 Budget.
Crystal Wiley LaQuania Watson
Candy Born Michael Marshall
Jason Green Paul Laldron
Bonnie Proctor Barryl Barnes
Keandra McCoy Earle Edwards
Katrice Odom Joqua Burton
Eric Kegnes Pamela Holmes
Angelita M. Ms. Kakeyda
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
Chicago, IL 60604-3590
78
-------
**v,
•5
-C-
i
------- |