United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Great Lakes
National Program Office
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, Illinois 60604
EPA-905/9-77-007-C
August, 1978 y •»
environmental impact
of land use
on water quality
-project data-
Final Report on the
Black Creek Project
-Technical Report
-------
EPA-905/9-77-007-C
October, 1977
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF
LAND USE ON WATER QUALITY
Final Report on the Black Creek Project
(Project Data)
By
James Lake, Project Director
James Morrison, Project Editor
Prepared for ,~«.^%,
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY,
Great Lakes National Program Office
230 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60604
Ralph G. Christensen, Section 108a Program
Carl D. Wilson, Project Officer
Under U.S. EPA Grant No. G005103 to
ALLEN COUNTY SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT
U.S. Department of Agriculture, SCS, ARS,
Purdue University, University of Illinois
Region 5.! _
77 West Jackson
OHM*). It. 60604-3530
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DISCLAIMER
This project has been financed (in part) with Federal funds from
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under a Section 108(a) grant
number G005103. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views and
policxes of the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of
trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recom-
mendation for use.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 1
Detailed Meterological Data 2
Hydrological Data 4
University of Illinois
Water Quality Data 51
Rainulator Data 91
Fish Studies Data 104
Insect Data 146
Socio Economic Data 187
Cost Data 256
iii
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INTRODUCTION
This volume collects many of the important data sets developed during
the Black Creek project. It supports the Summary volume and the Technical
volume published earlier.
The data is presented in tabular form, graphically, or as simple
listings.
In most cases, specific data files are available in machine readable
form from the appropriate investigator. These files will be supplied, at
cost, to those requesting them. In each case, information concerning the
place to request such information is indicated with the data in this volume.
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DETAILED METEROLOGICAL DATA
Prior to November, 1975 the primary meterological data collected by
the project consisted of rainfall data from several recording gages located
throughout the watershed. At that time a, fairly comprehensive digital
meterological station was installed at site #6 (Upper Black Creek). Sub-
sequently, parameters shown in Table 1 were continually (except for occasional
failures of individual transducers) monitored and recorded at two-minute
intervals.
TABLE 1
Monitored Meterological Parameters
Parameter Sensor Resolution
Rainfall Tippng Bucket .25 mm
Wind Run — 2m Cup 1 km
Wind Run — 6m Cup 1 km
Wind Direction Vane 6 deg
Soil Temperature Mercury Bulb .5 deg C
Air Temperature Mercury Bulb .5 deg C
Rel. Humidity ~ 1.5 m Hair 2 percent
Barometric Press Bellows 10 mb
The instrumentation installed at site #6 was designed to record data
in an incremental format, (Huggins and Mahler, 1976). In essence, the time
at which any variable changed by an amount equal to its sensor's resolution
(see Table 1) was recorded. This approach, generally called the incremental
integral form, provides a complete record of all significant variations in
the level of a parameter within a very compact data format. Such a result
is especially beneficial for meterological data which tends to have widely
differing rates of change.
As a result of the basic nature of the field recording equipment and
because of a desire to maintain a very efficient data file structure, the
detailed meterological data available from the project has been edited to
remove erronerous data and then stored in a format analogous to the incremen-
tal integral concept. The primary disadvantage of this is that "machine
processing" of a data file is necessary to convert the information into form
that is easily intelligible.
Data from the meterological station is organized into a separate yearly
file for each parameter. Each file contains header information consisting
of site identification information, transducer characteristics and an initial
parameter value (benchmark data) for conditions at midnight on January 1.
The remainder of the file consists of the time into the year at which the
level of the parameter changed by a fixed increment. Imbedded flags indicate
periods of transducer malfunction and/or estimated data values.
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The parameter data files may be "decoded" into a format which is more
convenient for human reading by the use of programs, written in BASIC, which
are available for distribution with the data files. Two data formats are
available for distribution, one which requires a BASIC interperter with
virtual array cababilities and one which avoids this constraint by writing
the files in ASCII format. The files stored in virtual array format are
only one-half as large as those which have the same information stored in
ASCII format.
REFERENCES
Huggins, L.F. and S.J. Mahler. 1976. Environmental data acquisiton and real-
time computers. EPA 905/9-76-005. Best Management Practices for Non-Point
Source Pollution Control Seminar, pp. 164-170.
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HYDROLOGICAL DATA
The following figures present data from the Smith-Fry Drain
(Site 2), the Dreisbach Drain (Site 6), and the Maumee River (Site 14)
The Dreisbach Drain is located along the western boundary of the
watershed and the Smith-Fry Drain is located along the eastern
boundary. Their drainage areas, of comparable size, represent the
greatest contrast in soil and land use within the watershed. The
drainage area of the Dreisbach Drain contains 74 percent rolling
and 26 percent nearly level topography while that of the Smith-
Fry Drain contains only 29 percent rolling and 71 percent nearly
level topography. The land use is also quite different with 35
percent of the drainage area of the Dreisbach Drain in row crops
as compared to 63 percent for the drainage area of the Smith-Fry
Drain. The drainage area of the Dreisbach Drain also contains the
town of Harlan which has an effect on water quality in that stream.
Characteristics of these two drainage areas as well as those for
the Black Creek Watershed are given in the following table. Note
that characteristics of the total watershed are very similar to
those for the drainage area for the Smith-Fry Drain.
Characteristics of the Areas Studied
Characteristics
Drainage area:
Soil groups:
Lake plain & beach ridge
Glacial till
Land use:
Row crops
Small grain & pasture
Woods
Urban, roads, etc.
Homes:
Smith-Fry
Drain
942 ha
71%
29%
63%
26%
8%
3%
28
Dreisbach
Drain
714 ha
26%
74%
35%
48%
5%
12%
143
Sediment and nutrient yields from the Black Creek Watershed and
the drainage areas for the Dreisbach Drain and Smith-Fry Drain
were determined by integrating sediment and nutrient concentrations
with flow rates. Stage-discharge relationships were developed for
the outlets of these study areas to give flow rates. Water stages
were recorded continuously at these locations with a pressure-type
stage recorder (Model 12 Flow Recorder, Foxboro). (Product descriptions
and manufacturers are given for reader information and should not
be construed as endorsements.)
-------
Water samples for determining the concentrations of sediment
and nutrient were collected either manually or with automated samplers.
Grab Samples were collected each week and also during storm events.
The automated samplers were triggered at a set minimum stage and then
continued to operate automatically until the sample storage was
exhausted or the stage fell below the set minimum stage. The water
samples were normally collected and the automated sampler reset
before the sample storage was exceeded.
Three automated pumping samplers (PS-69, U.S. Interagency
Sedimentation Project) were installed at the junctions of the Dreisbach
and Smith-Fry Drains with Black Creek and on the main stem of Black
Creek near its entrance into the Maumee River. Each sampler was
capable of automatically collecting 72 samples of 500 ml each at a
chosen time interval.
Maumee River data are based on weekly and in same cases event
related grab samples. Stage data are also based on weekly and in
some cases events related measurements. All work was done at the
Highway 100 bridge over the Maumee.
After the samples were collected, they were frozen within 24
hours. Before analysis, the samples were thawed and one-half of
the sample filtered. Suspended sediment was determined by passing
200 ml of runoff through a tared membrane filter (0.40 pore diameter,
Nucleopore) and then weighing the collected solids after oven drying
at 105 C for 24 hours.
The nutrients analyzed were nitrogen and phosphorus and their
constituent forms. Ammonium and nitrate in the filtrate were determined
by the method of Bremner and Kenney. Total nitrogen in the filtered and
unfiltered samples were determined by the method of Nelson and Sommers.
Soluble inorganic phosphorus in the filtrate was analyzed by
procedures outlined by Murphy and Riley. Total phosphorus was
determined by the method described by Sommers and Nelson. A detailed
description of the analyses procedures is given in Volume II.
The machine readable water quality data available from Purdue
can be obtained in a variety of forms. These forms consist primarily
of subsets of the complete file containing all data. Subsets
consisting of all parameters covering specific date intervals,
individual parameters over the entire period of the study or combinations
of the groupings may be requested. In addition, output in the form
of punched cards or magnetic tape (either 7-track or 9-track) may be
reqested.
Mail requests to:
Agricultural Engineering Dept.
Purdue University
W. Lafayette, IN 47907
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LEGEND
Stations 100-123 _
V §
Stations 124-157 «•••••• X™
Stations 158-190 0000000
Stations 191-212 + + » f 4
Illinois Monitoring Sites
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
WATER QUALITY DATA
The following tables are of parameters of water
quality based on grab samples collected at University
of Illinois stations. Stations are listed in Volume II.
The columns of the following pages contain the following
information:
First Column Date
Second Column Time
Third Column Station Number
Fourth Column Total Alkalinity (mg/1)
Fifth Column Specific Conductance (mg/1)
Sixth Column Total Dissolved Ionized
Solids (mg/1)
Seventh Column Hardness (mg/1)
Eighth Column Turbidity (Jackson Turbidity
Units)
Ninth Column Total Phosphorus (mg/1)
Tenth Column Soluble Phosphorus (mg/1)
Eleventh Column Total Nitrate (mg/1)
Twelfth Column Total Nitrate (mg/1)
Thirteenth Column Ammonium (mg/1)
Fourteenth Column Organic Nitrogen (mg/1)
Fifteenth Column Suspended Solids (mg/1)
(8 Feb., 1975-15 May, 1976
and 4 Oct., 1977-4 Oct., 1977)
Total Residue (mg/1)
(28 May, 1976-16 Sept., 1977)
Sixteenth Column Sulfate (mg/1)
Data files are available, at cost, in machine readable
form. For information, contact:
Dr. James R. Karr
Department of Ecology, Ethology and Evolution
University of Illinois
Healy and Wright Streets
Champaign, IL 61820
51
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RAINULATOR DATA
Data from experiments utilizing the rainfall simulator
are included in the following section.
Data tapes of rainulator results are available from:
Agricultural Engineering Department
Purdue University
West Lafayette, IN 47907
Tapes will be supplied at the cost of reproduction.
91
-------
K)
Treatment mean values for total soil loss (grams).
Run
Initial
Wet
Very wet
Soil
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Disk
13. 48
33.58
30.28
11.36
27.64
24.24
10.48
18.60
31-25
Fall plow
15-17
33-39
38.80
15.16
29.21
37-89
11.33
24.54
28.91
Chisel
27.47
27.28
18.30
27.50
19.36
34.72
No till Spring plow
21.77
29.07
14.81 32.93
13.40
24.05 '
10.11 21.01
12.76
23-35
9.04 21.06
HBased on four samples/treatment/run.
-------
Weighted mean values for percentage of soil loss in aggregate form.
Treatments
Run
Initial
Wet
Very wet
Soil
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Disk
11.18
13.46
6.1?
12.98
13.14
8.91
13.84
10.61
10.56
Fall plow
17.7^
21.22
17.29
17.03
12.91
16.19
17.01
12.28
11.33
Chisel
22.48
9-91
14.09
15.66
18.30
17.60
No till
20.20
12.51
1.75
7.41
10.74
4.16
17.83 '
14.28
5-58
2
Spring plow All
18.96
14.55
16.73 12.28
13.10
13.18
1.78 9-75
17.05
14.26
2.06 8.32
Similar3
17.05
15-87
10.53
12.65
12.34
12.06
16.35
12.52
10.23
Formula used was 4 (sample soil loss wt. x percent aggregates) * ( £ sample soil loss wt.).
£ E
2 1=1 • 1=1
Formula used was similar to a"bove only mean weights and weighted mean percentages were used for
^all treatments.
^Formula used was same as .(2) except only treatments of disk, fall plow, and no till were used.
vo
U)
-------
Run effect on individual treatments within each soil showing when the highest value
for percentage of soil loss in aggregate form occurred.
Treatments
Soil
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Run
Dry
Wet
Very wet
Dry
Wet
Very wet
Dry
Wet
Very wet
Disk
3
2
1
1
2
3
1
2
3
Fall plow
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
Chisel
1
3
2
3
2
1
No till Spring plow
1
3
2
2
3
1
3
2
1
1
3
2
Legend: 1 - Highest value
2 - Second highest value
3 - Lowest value
-------
Soil loss (T/A) by treatment.
Run
Initial
Wet
Very wet
Soil
Hoytville
Nappance
Raskins
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Disk
1.77
3,20
4.42
0.58
1.21
1.78
0.71
1.22
1.54
Fall Plow
1.20
3.12
4.26
0.54
1.60
1.87
0.61
1.60
1.72
Chisel
2.36
3-56
-
1.22
1.69
-
0.58
1.82
No till
1.86
2.32
1.08
0.74
1.34
0.77
0.86
1.41
0.78
Spring plow
-
1.23
_
-
0.98
_
-
1.20
Figures supplied "by G. B. Johnson, Engineering Technician, ARS-USDA, Lafayette, Indiana.
Ul
-------
Mean values for total soil loss (grains) per sample and soil loss (T/A)2 for
similar treatments.
Run
Initial
Soil
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Sample
16.80
32.01
27.96
Soil loss
1.61
2.88
3.42
Wet .
Sample Soil loss
13.31 0.62
26.96 1.38
2^.08 1.47
Very wet
Sample
11.52 '
22.16
23.07
Soil loss
0.73
l.fcL
!.*.
,,Based on 12 samples/soil/run.
2
-Supplied "by G. B. Johnson, Engineering Technician, ARS-USDA, Lafayette, Indiana.
-Tor treatments of disk, fall plow, and no till only.
-------
Mean values for total soil loss (grams) per sample1 and soil loss (T/A)2 over
all treatments.
Run
Initial
Soil
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Sample
19.47
30.83
29.21
Soil loss
1.80
3.05
2.75
Sample
14.55
28.90
23.31
Wet
Soil loss
0.77
1.46
1.35
Very wet
Sample
13.48
25.30
22.57
Soil loss
0.69
1.51
1-31
2Based on 16 samples/soil/run.
Supplied l»y C. B. Johnson, Engineering Technician, ARS-USDA, Lafayette, Indiana,
-------
00
Correlation coefficients (r)-between total soil loss per sample and percentage of
soil loss in aggregate form.
Run
Dry
Wet
Very wet
Dry
Wet
Very wet
Soil(s)
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
All
All
All
r
0.741
0.728
0.732
0.584
0.804
0.812
0-538
0.798
0.524
0.547
0.509
0.294
All
0.822
0.418
0.349
0.816
0.418
0.344
1.136*
0.468
0.284
0.462
0.443
0.202
Treatments
3 Similar2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
7.300
0.794
0.720
0.703
0.539
0.659
0.956
0.625
0.639
0.797
0.440
0.497
0.165
0.933
0.434
0.315
0.894
0.438
0.398
1.350*
0.525
0.185
0.451
0.302
0.106
60
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.377
0
4.430
9.745
. + Q (total soil loss per sample)'.
, fall plow, and no till only.
is % aggregated = 3
IBased on treatments of disk,
*&Q = 0 when it is not significant, correlation coefficient and 3- are for the line forced thru the
^origin. -1
Can only be explained by the fact that the samples used were not indicative of the population of
samples that could have been taken.
-------
Runoff "by treatment for each run in inches.
Run
Initial2
Wet3
-a
Very wet
Soil
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
Disk
2.04
1.82
1.96
0.86
0.94
1.02
0.98
0.90
0.99
Fall plow
1.32
1.57
1 62
0.56
0.90
0.98
1,00
1.04
0.90
Chisel
1.64
1.5^
-
0.88
0.90
-
0.68
0.92
No till
1.50
1.41
l.?4
0.81
0.92
0.99
0.85
0.96
1.06
Spring plow
-
0.48
_
-
0.?2
_
-
0.87
2Figures supplied "by G. B. Johnson, Engineering Technician, ARS-USDA, Lafayette, Indiana,
^Application of 2.5 Inches in 60 minutes.
^Application of 1.25 inches in 30 minutes.
vo
-------
o
o
Mean weight diameters (nun).1
Oscillated (min. )
Soil
Hoytville
Nappanee
Haskins
cased on 8 sam
10
0.91
0.43
0.58
pies. 2 san
15
0.89
0.40
0.58
iples per treatment
20
0.8?
0.37
0.5^
; (from "bulk sam
Not Oscillated (min.)
10
2.63
1.44
1.62
roles).
15
2.34
1.29
1.53
20
2.02
1.12
1.35
-------
Source
Summary of ANOVA'S.
d.f.
M.S.
Level of
Significance
A. Dry Run - All soils: Total sediment lost/sample
2
Soils
Soils x Treatments 4
Error - 18
744.6081
268.5373
110.4299
B. Wet Run
1. Haskins sils
Treatments
Error
Total sediment lost/sample
3 524.0621 '
8 19.6113
2. Haskins sil: Sediment lost as aggregates (%}
Treatments
Error
3. All Soils:
Soils
Treatments
Soils x Treatments
Error
3
8
143.7899
8.8350
Total sediment lost/sample
2 ' 621.8760
2 402.8828
4 ' 205.7913
18 28.9078
C. Very Wet Run
1. Hoytville sicl: Total sediment lost/sample-"
Treatments 3 65.0321
Error 8 12.93^5
2. Haskins sil:
Treatments
Error
8
Sediment lost as aggregates
3 69.3858
8
5.0641
3. All Soils: Total sediment lost/sample
Soils 2 494.8532
Soils x Treatments
Error
4
18
249.7713
88.0525
101
-------
Nutrient Concentrations in Animal Wastes
Type Waste
Liquid swine
Solid swine
Solid cattle
Solids
8.1
39.0
23.4
Amm.-N
3165
5750
1288
Nit.-N
irTj-ri / ,
27
82
38
Org. N
i • »
oas is)— ~"
2580
10190
3535
Total P
1370
7000
690
Amounts of Nutrients Added in Waste Applications to Three Experimental Sites
Experiment Type Waste
No.
1
2
3
Applied
Swine (liquid)
Swine (solid)
Swine (solid)
Swine (solid)
Cattle (solid)
Cattle (solid)
Rate Waste
Applied
t/ha
95.6
90.0
238
90.0
90.0
180.0
Nutrients Applied
Amm.-N
303
524
1350
524
116
332
Nit.
3
8
18
8
3
6
-N Org. N Total P
246 131
970 730
2244 1396
970 730
318 62
636 124
Losses of Sediment and Nutrient in Runoff From Overgrazed Pasture
Cattle
Waste
Applied
+- A-» r»
t/na
0
90
180
Rain-
storm
1
2
Total
1
2
Total
1
2
Total
H20
Runoff
cm
2.07
2.29
4.36
1.61
1.99
3.60
0.93
2.98
3.91
Sed-
iment
24
21-
45
63
47
110
61
103
164
Amm
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
.-N
04
10
14
34
05
39
23
54
77
Nit.-N
0.03
0.04
0.07
0.07
0.11
0.18
0.07
0.11
0.18
SON
kg/na
0.26
0.39
0.65
2.17
1.48
3.65
2.31
4.32
6.63
Sed N
0.44
0.66
1.10
3.96
4.51
8.47
2.48
11.50
13.98
N
SIP
0.073
0.010
0.083
1.122
0.793
1.915
0.920
2.232
3.152
SOP
0.013
0.007
0.020
0.061
0.047
0.108
0.132
0.108
0.340
Sed P
0.073
0.080
0.153
0,232
0.488
Oi720
0.176
1.327
1.503
102
-------
Concentrations of Solids and Nutrients From an Overgrazed Pasture
Cattle
Waste •Pain-
Applied storm
0 1
2
Ave.
90 1
2
Ave.
180 1
2
Ave.
Concentrat
Solids Amm.-N Nit
116
92
103
391
236
306
656
346
419
0.
0.
0.
8.
5.
6.
13.
8.
9.
19
44
32
32
28
64
22
52
64
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.ion
.-N
~mg
15
18
16
44
55
50
75
37
46
in Runoff
SON SIP
A'
-
1.
1.
1.
13.
7.
10.
24.
14.
16.
SOP
Concentration
in Sediment
N p
-- mg/ng
26
70
49
48
44
14
84
50
96
0.353
0.044
0.190
6.969
3.985
5.319
9.892
7.490
8.061
0.063
0.031
0.046
0.379
0.236
0.300
1.419
0.362
0.870
18330
31430
24440
62860
95960
77000
40660
111650
85240
3040
3810
3400
3680
10380
6545
2885
12880
9165
Proportions of Added Nutrients lost in Surface Runoff From an Overgrazed Pasture
Cattle Waste
Added
t/ha
90
180
Nutrients in Cattle Waste lost
Amm.
1.
1.
-N
9
1
Nit.
%r*f aAAa
3.
1.
-N
/-? 1 /"*c4-
Q J.OSU
7
8
Orq
•
in
3
3
N '
Total
P
*-1 %V»X^-P^*
runotr*
.3
•
0
4.
3.
0
8
* Calculated as:
(Nutrient from treated peat :. nutrient from control plot) x 100
Nutrient added in waste
103
-------
SUMMARY SHEETS - BLACK CREEK FISH STUDIES
James R. Karr
The following pages provide a brief summary of fish studies in Black Creek.
Because of the volume of raw data involved, a telegraphic form of presentation
has been adopted here. We have repeatedly used abbreviations, scientific names,
and other shortened forms to include the greatest amount of information in 'limited
space. More detailed information is available in 10 volumes of field and lab-
oratory notebooks.
Early in the project we developed two or three letter codes based on the
scientific name of each fish species. Those codes and the species they identify
are listed below in alphabetical order.
When both species composition and relative abundances are known for a sample,
an index of species diversity if calculated using the information theoretic measure
used commonly in ecological studies. Species diversity = E p. In pi where p.
the proportion of the sample represented by species i, and In indicates the
log base e (natural logarithms).
is
use of
Code
Ca
Cc
Ccp
Ccr
DC
Eb
EC
El
En
Eo
Esp
Fn
Im
In
Lc
Lm
Lmc
Ls
Ms
Nc
Ncr
Ns(p)
Nst
Nu
Pa
Pm
Pn
Pp
Sa
Scientific Name
Campostoma anomalum
Catastomus commersoni
Cyprinus carpio
Carpiodes cyprinus
Dorosoma cepidianum
Ericymba buccata
Etheostoma caerulum
Esox lucius
Etheostoina nigrum
Erimyzon oblongus
Etheostoma spectabile
Fundulus notatus
Ictalurus melas
Ictalurus nebulosus
Lepomis cyanellus
Lepomis macrochirus
Lepomis microlophus
Labidesthes sicculus
Micropterus salmoides
Notropis cornutus
Notemigonus crysoleucas
Notropis spilopterus
Notropis stramineus
Notropis umbratilis
Percina maculata
Phenacobins mirabilis
Pimephales notatus
Pimephales promelas
Semotilus atromaculatus
Common Name
Stoneroller
White Sucker
Carp
Quill back Campsucker
Gizzard Shad
Si Tverjaw Minnow
Rainbow Darter
Northern Pike
Johnny Darter
Creek Chubsucker
Orange-throated Darter
Blackstripe Topminnow
Black Bullhead
Yellow Bullhead
Green Sunfish
Bluegill
Redear Sunfish
Brook Silverside
Largemouth Bass
Common Shiner
Golden Shiner
Spotfin Shiner
Sand Shiner
Redfin Shiner
Black-sided Darter
Suckermouth Minnow
Bluntnose Minnow
Fathead Minnow
Creek Chub
104
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 2
Smith-Fry Drain above Notestine Road
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Date Individuals Wei ght Individual Species Diversity
24-25 July 1973 37 161.0 4.35 7 1.667
12-13 April 1974 55 397.8 7.23 8 1.691
Comments: Done in 25 m sweeps.
20-21 May 1974 59 - - 6 1.256
23 July 1974
Comments: Very low flow, some pools, water rather foul, bluegreen algae,
some fry (Sa, Cc, En) Bottom oozy-siIty.
18 October 1974
Comments: Small flow, small pools, some small fish present.
5 December 1974:
Comments: Ice, snow, running clear under bridge, 11 ppm 02» 0°C.
7-8 February 1975
Comments: Small fry.
22-23 March 1975 8 10
Comments: Seined two times. Bottom: silt, rock, gravel, clay. 8 S.A. caught.
5 April 1975
Comments: Seined twice, flowing clear, rock and silt bottom.
19 April 1975 43 4 .525
Comments: Seined three times. Bottom: siIty, gravel, rocks. Water: clear.
3 May 1975 31 4 .687
Comments: Four 25m seines. Bottom: sandy & gravel.
29 May 1975 1 1
Comments: 1 meter wide: Mean depth 7". Many dead fish, all species.
Bottom: rocky, hard.
17 June, 1975 41 7 1.646
Comments: Bottom: rocky, clay. Depth: 30-70 cm. Width: 1-1/2 m.
Water: turbid.
25, June 1975 27 _ 8 1.798
Comments: Swift current. Depth: • 30-80. 50 (changed very much).
Width: 2 meters. Bottom: rocky-clay(hard)
10 July 1975 47 5 8.930
Comments: Made numerous stops while seining due to heavy algae growth.
Very many catfish sighted. Water: clear 23.5°C. Depth: 10 in. 105
Width: 1—1-1/2 m.
-------
BLK Summary
Station 2
Page 2
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Date Individuals Weight Individual Species Diversity
24 July 1975 14 6 1.668
Comments: "Width: 1/2 - 1-1/2 m. Depth: 16" (at deepest point) Bottom:
clay. Much algae, but less than previous trip. Numerous fish
escaped under seine.due to algae buildup on the bottom of the
seines. Many crayfish sighted and caught.
12 August 1975 1 1
Comments: Depth: 1 - 12". Width: 1/8 - 1 meter. Bottom: clay. Water:
much scum floating on top, some algae.
26 August 1975 4 3 1.040
Comments: Depth: 2 - 18". Width: 1/2-1 meter. Bottom: clay with
rock. Water: turbid.
19 September 1975 10 2 .500
Comments: Quite low (more than normal). Water: clear, algae buildup
extensive (seined 40 Ibs.).
10 October 1975 0
Comments: No fish sighted or caught, heavy algae growth. Water: clear.
Bottom: clay & rock. Depth: 10" - 12". Width: 1 meter.
15 November 1975 0
Comments: Water temp. - 2.5°C. Water: cloudy. No ice. Lots of decaying
algae. No fish sighted.
13 December 1975 0
Comments: No fish seen. Water: cloudy. Depth: 12" - 18". Bottom: clay.
Lots of Isopods, Gerridae, Lorixidae,.Notonectidae.
23 January 1976
Comments: Frozen - snow covered.
26 March 1976
Comments: H1 biomass. Water: turbid. Banks are slipping. Bottom: clay,
silt gravel. Few fish.
22 April 1976 41 2
Comments: No fish sighted until reaching pool above block seine. Much
c^adophora 4 crayfish. 1 seine haul.
24 May 1976 1 1
Comments: Much cladophora. Mid channel partly open. Only one small PN
sighted & captured. Dip netted. Stream nearly choked with
algae.
24 June 1975
Comments: Tons of cladophora Only a few fry seen - not sampled.
106
-------
BLK Summary
Station 2
Page 3
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Date Individuals Weight Individual Species Diversity
21 June 1976 19 4
Comments: Nine of the 19 fish were fry, several SA were sighted in pool
just below sample area (size 100 mm). Water: fairly clear -
algae on surface is gone, but the bottom is matted with decaying
algae. Depth: 2" - 15".
107
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 3
Wertz Drain above Notestine Road
Date
24-25 July 1973
12-13 April 1974
19-20 June 1974
Number of
Individuals
128
40
Total
Weight
539
69.5
Weight per
Individual
4.21
1.74
Number of
Species
13
6
Species
Diversity
2.124
1.299
109
224,6
2.07
1.103
Comments: 3 fry (1 white sucker, 2 bluntnose minnows) not included).
23 July 1974 5
Comments: Dip net sample. Many fish fry, especially silverjaw. Also
Sa, Ca, En, 1 adult LC. Mud & Sandy bottom, choked with
blue green algae. Water: clear.
September 1974
0
18-19 October 1974
Comments: Slight flow. Darkly polluted water. Crustations of algae.
No sample taken.
7 December 1974
Comments: 10 ppm 02- 25°C under bridge.
8 February 1975
Comments: Large numbers of Ca & Sa all sizes, mostly below bridge.
Ice thick & clear.
22-23 March 1975 64 175.9 2.75 6 .887
Comments: Seined twice. Water: flowing clear. Bottom: silty, rock.
5 April 1975
Comments:
19 April 1975
1 1
Bottom: silt. Water: clear. Width: 2 - 3 m. Depth: 5".
Strong sewage smell. Seined once.
20
32.7
1.64
1.094
Comments: Seined once. Bottom: muddy-sand. Crayfish caught.
Depth: 1'. Width: 2-3 m.
29 May 1975
Comments:
17 June 1975
Comments:
25 June 1975
Comments:
139
Sewage odors offensive.
12
138 10 1.776
Water: murky. Bottom: muck. Depth: up to 70 cm on the side.
33 9 1.958
Depth: 20 - 50cm. Width: 2 - 3 m. Bottom: sand. Water:
turbid. Aquatic vegetation moving into area. 7 crayfish.
108
-------
BLK Summary
Station 3
Page 2
Date
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Individuals Weight Individual Species Diversity
10
July 1975
Comments;
91
Many topminnow (more than
Depth: 24". Width: 2-3
through. Algae growth on
Water temp.: 24.0°C.
9 2.054
12) were sighted - none caught.
m. Water: clear with algae flowing
bottom. Lots of aquatic vegetation,
24
July 1975
Comments:
12 August 1975
Comments:
26 August 1975
Comments:
101 12 1.947
Depth: 24" (max). Width: 3 m. Bottom: sand & muck. By
drain pipe, purple water was sighted. Very scummy. Algal
bloom reduced from last trip, but still very pronounced.
Water: turbid. Black muck stirred up from lower end of
section.
120 11 1.719
Width: 1-1/2 - 4 meters. Depth: 4 - 16". Bottom: sandy gravel
covered with muck. Water: purple at drain from house on the
west side. Muck & scum floating on top.A^ea smells from
waste being dumped in. Water temp.: 27.8°C.
187 14 2.014
Depth: 12" - 18" (by drain 30"). Width: 2 - 2-1/2 m.
Bottom is black organic muck. Water: turbid. Lots of aquatic
vegetation. 2 subspecies of common shiner.
19 September 1975 297 13 1.690
Comments: While seining, thousands of fry sighted, but not caught.
Water: slightly clouded. Blue area around sewage outflow.
After seining residual detergent foam was coming out of the
sewage outflow. Depth: 6" - 2'. Width: 1 - 2 meters.
Bottom: mucky with algae.
10 October 1975
Comments: Fish samples taken back. Bottom: muck. Water: turbid.
Depth: 211 - 2'. Width: 1 - 2-1/2 m. Small rock dam at
bottom of bridge.
15 November 1975
Comments: Water temp.: 1.2 - 1.5°C. 1/4" thick ice covering entire
upper 50 m sample area. Only small open spots elsewhere.
Bright green algae growing under ice. Water: cloudy. Black
organic matter. Bottom: muck.
13 December 1975
Comments: Schools of PP sighted. Larger fish sighted also. Dip netted.
Depth: up to 12". Bottom: much more gravel. Cladophora
growing on top. Soap suds on top. Bottom: black organic
matter. Water: somewhat clear.
23 January 1976
Comments: Frozen - snow covered.
11 March 1976
Comments:
100+ 2
Water temp: 4°C. 1 seine haul. Water: slightly turbid,
Depth: T. Width: 2 m. Bottom: sand & silt. No fish
sighted before seining.
109
-------
Date
8-9
April 1976
Comments:
14 May 1976
Comments;
9 June 1976
Comments:
8 July 1976
Comments:
3 August 1976
Comments:
Number of
Individuals
258
Bottom: muck.
Water: clear.
of stream.
BLK Summary
Station 3
Page 3
Total Weight of Number of Species
Weight Individual Species Diversity
9 1.382
Depth: 8" - 18". Width: 1 - 2-1/2 m.
2 seine hauls. Much plant debris in bottom
Water temp.: 18°C. Bottom: muck. Water: clear. Width: 1-1/2 -
3 m. Depth: 6" - 18". 2 water snakes & 1 garter snake.
Blue plume of water discharging from drain pipe from house.
31
Heavily choked with algae.
in bloom.
o
Dip netted. 7 species of grass
132 13
2 seine hauls total, but each done in short stretches due to
algae. Many, of the LC's were large. Black muck at bottom
of drain tile. Bottom: mucky-muddy. Depth: 8" - 20".
Water: very turbid.
99 9
Water: very turbid. Lots of decaying organic matter. One
snapping turtle & 1 small muskrat caught. Depth: 8" - 12".
Very smelly - especially at drain tile. Net type of algae
present.
110
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 4
Upper Gorrell Drain above Notestine Road
Date
24-25 July 1973
12-13 April 1974
23 July 1974
Comments: Fish fry (Sa, Eb, Pn) in pool under bridge. Water: clear.
Bottom: silty.
18-19 October 1974
Comments: No net flow north of bridge. Relatively clear pool. Found
a muskrat hole. Pool of sewage effluent south of bridge.
Number of
Individuals
185
18
Total
Weight
84
91.1
Weight per
Individual
.45
5.06
Number of
Species
4
5
Species
Diversity
.806
.974
7 December 1974
Comments: Iced over, snow drifts.
8 February 1975
78.9
11.2
.598
Comments: Intensive dip net sample. Non-quantitative. Water: clear.
Medium - large Sa & Ca.
22-23 March 1975
10
27.9
2.79
.898
Comments:' Collected with dip nets. Bottom: sand-silt. Depth: 2 - 10".
5 April 1975
Comments:
Bottom: sand-gravel. Width: 1/2 - 2 m. Depth: 1 - 10".
Below bridge (Wier) pool of Eb, Nsp & En.
19 April 1975
Comments: Upstream, sand-silt bottom with some gravel. Downstream -
water clear, shallow, until below bridge (clay, hard pan
bottom). Sa & Eb (a lot) downstream. 7 - 8 EC caught.
2 crayfish.
29 May 1975
Comments:
17 June 1975
Comments:
25 June 1975
Comments:
10 July 1975
105
Flowing clear. Bottom: gravel.
11
2.045
46 9 1.952
Water: clear. Bottom: sand-gravel. Depth: 5 - 20.
Width: 1 - 1-1/2 m.
; 43 . 7 - 1.833
Depth: 30. Width: 2-1/2 m (constant). Bottom: sand-gravel
Water: turbid.
83 10 1.738
Comments: Many small fish caught in algae that would normally have been
able to swim through net. Many fatalities due to heat &
heavy algae. Gravel bars present - very much algae, some
aquatic plants. Depth: 2 - 10 . Width: 1/2 -3m.
Bottom: sand-gravel. Small Eb's # 30 Carpsuckers all very
small. Water tern p: 24.5°C.
Ill
-------
Date
Number of
Individuals
Total
Weight
Weight per
Individual
24
July 1975
Comments:
171
Depth: 1 - 12". Width: 1/4 - 2-1/2
Water: clear, much algae growth. W
Tadpole with legs caught.
Number of
of Species
11
i. Bottom:
:er Temp. : «
BLK Summary
Station 4
Page 2
Species
Diversity
1.871
sand.
4 30.0°C
12 August 1975
Comments:
26 August 1975
Comments:
Not seined due to fry and heavy algae growth. Width: 1/8 to
2-1/2 m. Depth: 1/2" - 6". Bottom: sand & gravel. Water:
clear. Numerous large schools of fry, some larger fish
sighted.
8 1.815
Width: 1 - 1-1/2 m. Depth: 1" - 16". Bottom: sand, gravel,
silt. Water temp. 30.0°C (at 1505 hrs). Much algae present
responsible for catching fry) water cloudy but not turbid
(can see bottom, but not clearly). 6 tadpoles caught.
19 September 1975 129 5 1.333
Comments: Bottom: clean, gravelly to sandy, some algae. Depth: 2" -
8". Clarity excellent. Width: 1 - 2 m. 1000's of fry seen
but not captured (< 25 mm) most of the fish were small
(25 - 35 mm) (suspect fry are Eb & PP).
10 October 197'5 6
Comments: All species are fry - thousands in number. Numerous small
frogs. Acris qrvllus (cricket frog). Water: clear.
Bottom: sand & gravel & algae.
Sa, Eb, PN, PP, NU, NSP.
Depth: 2" - 6". Width: 1-1/2 m.
15 November 1975
Comments:
Ice (in some places covers entire stream) up to 1/4" thick.
Water: cloudy. Water temp. 1.0 - 1.5°C. Decaying cladophora
on bottom. Small disoriented Eb's - too small to bring back
for analysis (2 dead minnows also - could be Sa & PP also,
due to large masses of decaying algae)
13 December 1975
Comments: Eb, PN, PP Large schools sighted. Size range 25 - 35 mm.
Water: clear. Bottom: sandy. Depth: 6". Width: 1 - 1 - l/2m.
dip netted.
23 January 1976
Comments: Frozen. Snow covered.
112
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 5
Richelderfer Drain above Notestine Road
Date
24-25 July 1973
12-13 April 1974
20-21 Way 1974
Number of
Individuals
35
8
Total
Weight
87
44.8
Weight per
Individual
2.49
5.6
Number of
Species
4
4
Species
Di vers i ty
.716
1.213
5.1
1.7
1.099
Comments: Non quantitative sample. Rip Rap at Bend 200 meters south of
station. 5 under bridge. Around 300 small fish (only 3
preserved were rainbow darter, fathead minnow, topminnow).
Other fish included creek chub, silverjaw, minnow.
23 July 1974 2
Comments: Choked with algae. Bottom: sandy, silty. Silverjaw and
creek chub fry.
18-19 October 1974
Comments: Small net flow. Running clear. Some algae.
7 December 1974
Comments: Iced over. Snow drifts.
8 February 1973 1 7.1 7.1 1
Comments: Caught with dip net. Non-quantitative. Water clear.
22 March 1975
Comments: Very narrow and shallow. Water: clear, flowing. No fish
sighted. Width: .7 m. Depth: 2-4 in. Bottom: sandy.
5 April 1975
Comments:
Bottom: clear sandy. Width: 1/2 - 1-1/2 m. Depth: 2 - 8".
No fish sighted upstream from bridge. Downstream - 1 creek
chub (nothing else sighted). Chub caught below Weir. Some
gravel downstream.
19 April 1975
Comments: Downstream - water opaque, algae on bottom - hardpan and small
rocks. Width: 1 m. Pool below Weir 1" deep. 2 fathead minnows
and 2 creek chubs. Upstream, no fish. Width: 1-3'. Variable
bottom, some silty, some sandy, some hardpan. Mating crawdads.
Shallow. Depth: 2 - 8". All types of algae.
3-4 May 1975
Comments;
17 June 1975
Comments:
1 1
Dip net sample. Mucky - flowing clear.
85 7 1.16
Water: clear. Bottom: gravel. Depth: 10 - 15 cm. Width: 1 -
1-1/2 m.
25-27 June 1975 3 3 1.099
Comments: Depth: 30. Width: 2-1/2 m.(constant). Bottom: sandy, gravel. 113
Water: turbid.
-------
BLK Summary
Station 5
Page 2
Date
Number of
Individuals
Total
Weight
Weight per
Individual
Number of
Species
Species
Diversity
9-11 July 1975
Comments: Too shallow & algae choked to sine . Width: 1/4 - 1 m.
Depth: 1 - 6". Water temp.: 27.0°C. Bottom: sand, very algae
choked. Unestimable number of crayfish (young) (size 5 mm -
10 mm). A few fish sighted - mostly fry (as small as 3 mm).
Species undetermined.
24 July 1975
Comments: Too shallow to seine. Width: 1/4 - 1 m. Depth: 1/2 - 6".
Bottom: sand. Water: clear. Many snails. Fish sighted above
Weir in pool below the sample area. Also a few in rip-rap
at upper portion of sample area. Still much algae. Large
quantities up on both banks due to recent high waters.
12 August 1975
Comments: Not seined due to shallow water. Depth: 1" - 4". Width: 1/4 -
1 m. Bottom: sand. Water: clear. Large school of fish sighted
just below sample area. In station, tremendous #'s of crayfish
fry & small snails. Fish fry also sighted much algae growth.
Larger fish also sighted. 1 water snake sighted.
26 August 1975
Comments: .Water temp: 28°C. Water: turbid.
23 January 1976
Comments: Frozen. Snow covered.
114
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 6
Driesbach Drain above Brush College Road
Number of Total Weight of Number of Species
Date Individuals Weight Individual Species Diversity
24-25 July 1973 201 709 3.53 9 1.697
Comments: Sampled by J. Hamelink
15 March 1974 111 779.5 7.02 5 .894
Comments: one data - after 3 halls & sein. # individuals -
310, total weight - 3059.5 q, # species - 8, FSD - 1.257.
12-13 April 1974 69 393.3 5.7 7 1.225
20-21 May 1974 10 2 .693
Comments: Stream recently channelled.
19-20 June 1974
Comments: Many small fry. Sample not possible due to algae.
23 July 1974
Comments: No fish above bridge, many below. Rip-rap under bridge may be
effective barrier to fish movement. Downstream from bridge,
teems with young fish (predominance of Eb). Stream polluted
with domestic sewage.
13 September 1974
Comments: No fish above bridge - below, lots of fish. Water temp.: 14°C.
02 8 ppm. Bottom: silty, algal growth much reduced from July.
Depth: 1 - 2". Width: 3'.
18 October 1974 32 145.3 4.54 3 .656
Comments: Non quantitative. Water: clear. Bottom: decaying organic
matter.
6-7 December 1974
Comments: No sample. Stream frozen. •
7-8 February 1975
Comments: No sample. Stream- frozen. Ice very thick.
23 March 1975 3 1
Comments: Flowing slowly, green water. Bottom: silty sand. Depth: 2 - 12".
Width: 1 m.
5 April 1975
Comments: Water: clear. Bottom: silt, some debris.
19 April 1975
Comments: Water: clear. Bottom: sandy & silty. 3 small schools of creek
chubs.
115
-------
Date
3 May 1975
Number of
Individuals
Total
Weight
Weight per
Individual
Number of
Species
1
BLK Summary
Station 6
Page 2
Species
Diversity
Comments: Flowing clear. 100 meters seined, then 40 meters.
29 May 1975
17 June 1975
Comments:
25 June 1975
Comments:
174
63
1.706
1.352
Bottom: sandy & silt. Depth: 10 - 30 cm. Width:.! -2m.
Water: murky.
129 10
Depth: 40 - 50 cm. Water: turbid, slow current.
2-1/2 m. Bottom: sandy.
1.511
Width: 1-1/2 to
9-11 July 1975 68 7 1.333
Comments: Stream very choked with algae (sometimes goes across entire
stream) Water temp.: 27.5°C. Depth: 5 - 20". Width: 1 -
2-1/2 m. Bottom: sand. Weir below bridge at Station 6 has
had rip rap removed from channel about 1 ft. wide, a small
pool formed directly below Wier overflow by removal of rocks.
Done July 9, 1975.
24 July 1975
Comments:
105 8 1.611
Width: 1/2 -3m. Depth: 30"(max). Bottom: silty & clay.
Water: clear. Algae present in moderate to large amounts.
11 August 1975
Comments: Not seined due to dense algae mass (in lower portion across
entire stream). Density: up to 12" (to bottom of some
positions of stream) several types present. Numerous large
schools of fry. Larger fish sighted also. Water: turbid.
Bottom: silt & muck. Width: 1 - m. Depth: 4 - 12".
26 August 1975 94 " 9 1.813
Comments: Depth: 12 - 18". Width: 1 - 2 m. Bottom: muck (silty).
Water: turbid. Some algae (loss of 20% of the fish due to
slight accident after seining.)
20 September 1975 63 11 1.729
Comments: Water temp.: 15.5°C., 60°F. Bsttom: silty. Width: 1/2 -
2-1/2. Depth: 6" - 12". Water slightly turbid.
10 October 1975
Comments: Fish taken
Clay-muck.
back. Depth: 2" - V. Width:
Water: turbid (clear at top).
1/4 - 2 m. Bottom:
Very putrid smell.
15 November 1975
Comments: Water: turbid. Iced completely actoss 3/8 - 1/2" thick.
New weather station put up down the path from water sample
area.
116
-------
BLK Summary
Station 6
Page 3
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Date Individuals Height Individual Species Diversity
13 December 1975
Comments: Dip netted area. Water: cloudy. Max depth: 8". Muck filled
• in lower end of sample area. Bottom: silt. Many isopods &
Corixidae. 4 green sunfish (25 - 40 mm). No schools sighted.
23 January 1976
Comments: Frozen. Snow covered.
26 March 1976 210 8 1.525
Comments: 3 seine hauls. H1 biomass sample. Fewer fish than anticipated.
Lots of grass litter in stream. Seining difficult. Bottom:
sandy.
22 April 1976 878 11
Comments: Heavily choked with cladophora. Extracted 500 Ibs of wet algae.
Three seine hauls.3 ft. Natrix. found. Seining
20% efficient. Bullfrog (2) tadpoles, leeches (4) &
crayfish (40) also found.
24 May 1976 12 3
Comments: Almost completely choked with cladophora. Impossible to seine
& almost impossible to dip net. 3 photos taken. Few fish
sighted.
24 June.1976 37 4
Comments: Still algae choked. Huge masses of cladophora decaying.
Bottom: sandy & organic muck. Hydrodicton (water net) becoming
abundant - usually only occurs in September. Dip netted.
21 July 1976 139 417.7 3.01 8
Comments: Depth: 5 - 18". Water: clear algae growth heavy on bottom.
At lower end of sample area, algae was 12" deep. Bottom:
very much organic decay - black mucky.
7 October 1976 10 49..9 4.99 3 0.9502
Comments: No. fish Ave. wt.
pp 6 2.0
Ca 2 15.8
Ns 2 3.4
31 March 1977 67 7 1.575
21 April 1977 143 1679.7 11.7 8 1.581
9 May 1977 269 17 2.153
23 May 1977 129 14 2.0081
13 June 1977 177 16 2.179
117
-------
BLK Summary
Station 6
Page 4
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Date . Individuals Weight Individual Species Diversity
13 July 1977
23 August 1977
7 November 1977
307
23
495
1590.4
46.8
4857.4
5.2
2.0
9.8
16
4
18
1.670
0.905
1.842
118
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 12
Black Creek above Ward Road
Number of Total Weight of Number of Species
Date ' Individuals Weight Individual Species Diversity
24-25 July 1973 89 249 2.80 13 2.111
15 March 1974
Comments: No sample.
12-13 April 1974 65 144.4 2.22 10 1.777
Comments: Bottom: muddy. 2 seine hauls.
20-21 May 1974 16 34.0 2.13 8 1.841
19-20 June 1974
Comments: No sample. Water level lower than in April. Silty - south
bank apparently sprayed with herbicide.
23 July 1974 127 12 2.284
Comments: 25 meter pool. Water: turbid. Bottom: muddy and sandy. Some
algae in water. Depth: 2" - 2' in pools. Many adult-sized
fish.
18-19 October 1974
Comments: No sample. Stream has just been dredged. Evidence of
tracks on bottom. Bottom: silty and water cloudy.
7 December 1974 67 58.5 .88 9 1.104
Comments: Intensive dip-net sample.
8 February 1975
Comments: No sample. Iced over.
22-23 March 1975 1025 1707.7 1.67 9 1.288
Comments: Seined twice. Water: turbid, Bottom: silty with much debris.
Banks recently pulled, no foliage.(bridge constructed).
Width: 2 - 3 m. Depth: 6 - 24".
5 April 1975 752 1176.4 1.56 10 1.487
Comments: Seined twice. Bottom: turbid & muddy, much debris.
19 April 1975 552 1388.3 2.51 14 1.865
Comments: 2 seine hauls (quantitative). Width: 2 - 3m. Depth: 6 - 12".
Water: muddy. Levelled around bridge.
29 May 1975 20 7 1.708
Comments: Bridge nearly complete. Many dead fish floating. Bottom:
very sandy.
17 June 1975 54 10 1.976
Comments: Water level very high (up to 130 cm.). Next day water level
dropped #1 meter. Heavy rains the preceeding 3 days.
-------
Number of
Individuals
Total
Height
Weight per
Individual
Number of
Species
BLK Summary
Station 12
Page 2
Species
Diversity
Date
25-27 June 1975 53 9 1.414
Comments: . Depth: 60-90. Width: 6 - 7 m. Poor seining due to current
width. Water: turbid (very).
9-11 July 1975 220 12 1.605
Comments: Water clear, algae along sides, but main channel clear.
Water temp. 20.5°C. Bottom: sand, gravel. Width: - m.
Depth: 2-16".
24 July 1975 192 16 1.745
Comments: Depth: 2' max. Width: 2 - 6 m. Water: clear, some algae.
Bottom: sand & gravel.
12 August 1975 15 7 1.715
Comments: Water: semi-turbid (much junk floating in it - scummy).
Dead fish on sand bars. Depth: 4 - 16". Width: 6 - 7 m. - 2m.
Bottom: sand.
9 September 1976 511 2685.1 5.3 16
20 September 314 9 1.123
Comments: Water temp. 20°C. - 68°F. Water: clear. Width: 1 - 4 m.
Depth: 2" - 18". Bottom: sandy.
10 October 1975
Comments: Fish samples taken to lab. Water: clear. Bottom: sand &
gravel. Depth: 4" - 24". 30" pool. Width: 1-2 - 3 m.
15 November 1975
Comments: 1 school of young of the year (PN 40-60 mm). 2 schools of
mixed (LC, shiners, 90% PN). Schools sighted in deep pools of
sample area only. Little bit of ice on the edges. Water:
clear (3°C). Bloom of cladophora since last trip. All
decaying on bottom. Width: l-3m. Shallow except for pools.
13 December 1975
Comments: Depth: 8 - 24". Water level is up - turbid. Width: 2 - 5m.
Bottom: sand & gravel. Dip netted - none caught, but some
sighted.
23 January 1976
Comments: Frozen. Snow covered.
20 February 1976
Comments: 4 photos taken. 20 ft. deep.
26 March 1976 738 13 1.525
Comments: 3 seine hauls.
22 April 1976 1072 14
Comments: Bottom: sandy, some algae, but fairly clear. Water: clear.
120 Width: 2 - 4 m. Depth: 3" - 18". 2 seine hauls.
-------
Date
24 May 1976
Comments:
Number of
Individuals
Total
Weight
Weight of
Individuals
Number of
Species
BLK Summary
Station 12
Page 3
Species
Diversity
776 14
Channel fairly clear, but extensive algal build up, especially
along the stream edges. Seined entire 100 m once and seined
lower 50 m 2 more times. Few fish in upper half. Only 2 -
3" deep. Lower 50 is teeming with fish. Bottora: sandy, clean.
Water: slightly turbid.
24 June 1976
Comments:
21 July 1976
Comments:
510
Lots of algae.
2 sections.
1679.4g 3.30 16
Seined 2 times with stream sample split into
17
348 840.6 2.42
Water: clear. Algae is plentiful. Depth: 4" - 30" (pools before
bottom end of station). Bottom: sandy, cover of organic matter.
Seined twice.
9 September 1976
Comments:
7 October 1976
7 October 1976
4 November 1976
Comments:
17 March 1977
Comments:
21 April 1977
10 May 1977
13 June 1977
76 511
# fish Ave-. Wt.
Sa 110 11.2
Pp 49 2.9
Pr 50 2.5
Eb 4 2.8
Ca 82 3.6
i
904
# fish Ave. Wt.
Sa 109 5.1
Pp 72 2.0
Pr 214 1.7
Eb 109 1.8
Ca 74 4.1
Nc 10 2.5
'6 93
Dipnet.
90
2 seines.
307
2685.1
# fish
Nc 17
Nst 2
Ns 1
Na 1
Cc 113
Fr 12
2386.6
# fish
En 1
Nst 53
Ns 163
Na 13
Eo 1
Cc 36
Fr 25
260.6
198.36
769.3
5.3
Ave. Wt.
2.7
1.8
5.1
1.7
4.0
0.9
2.6
Ave. Wt.
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.0
3.1
4.6
0.9
2.8
2.2
2.5
16
'# fish
Lc 10
Ms 3
Tr 57
DC 3
Ccc 10
18
# fish
Lc 3
Ms 1
In 1
DC 14
Cc 5
13
1
13
Ave. Wt
5.6
18.7
3.0
5.9
5.5
Ave. Wt
9.8
9.5
2.2
11.1
5.5
1.
.
2
.
1
0
1
1.9958
214
554
22
15
207.5
9.4
1.987
0.000
1.777
1.912
1.240
Comments: 92.9g of the total wt. is due to 4 individuals of L. microlophus.
24 August 1977 4 10.6 2.7 3 1.040
Comments: These fish from Stations 12 & 28
121
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 13
Wann Drain above Killian Road
Number of Total Weight per Number of
Individuals Weight Individual Species
Date
24-25 July 1973 206
12-13 April 1974 45
23 July 1974 135
829
270.4
4.02
6.01
13
8
12
Species
Diversity
1.6-5
1.340
2.082
Comments: Bottom: sand, silt, gravel. Water: very low, clear. Lots of
pools. Non-quantitative dip net samples. # individuals 12 total
weight 10.8. # species 4, FSD 1.119.
11 September 1974
f
11
18 October 1974 47 6
Comments: Some algae, running clear in some parts, a few small fish sighted.
7-8 February 1975
Comments: Ice on sides. Fish all sizes.
22-23 March 1975 67 9203.1 137.36 9 1.592
Comments: Seined twice. Flowing clear, muck bottom, heavy vegetation
(mostly dead straw). Width: 1/2 - 1-1/2 m. Depth: 2 - 12".
5 April 1975 111 364.7 3.29 13 1.712
Comments: Seined twice. Water: flowing, silty. Bottom: silt & grass.
19 April 1975 247 867.2 3.51 15
Comments: Flowing, clear, spikerush, grasses, algae.
29 May 1975
198
15
1.830
2.076
17 June 1975 74 14 1.996
Comments: Seined twice (inefficient due to high waters and weedy conditions),
Bottom: gravel & grass. Depth 20-60 cm. 12" snapping turtle
caught along with burrowing mayfly.
25 June 1975 27 9 1.941
Comments: Depth: 40-70. Width: 1 - 2-1/2 m of channel, flooded to
2-1/2 m. Bottom: sandy, fairly firm. Water: turbid. Reeds
growing along edge.
10 July 1975 31 13 2.061
Comments: Water: cloudy. Bottom: sand, much aquatic vegetation
(especially upstream). Water temp. 21.0°C. Depth: 12 - 16".
Width: 1/2 - 3. Large snake on rocks.
24 July 1975 29 9 1.830
Comments: Depth: 16". Width: 1/4 -3m. Bottom: sand (rock from rip rap
falling in). Water: slightly cloudy.
122
-------
BLK Summary
Station 13
Page 2
Number of Total Weight of Number of Species
Date Individuals Weight Individual Species Diversity
10 July 1975 31 .13 2.061
Comments:' Water: cloudy. Bottom: sand, much aquatic vegetation (especially
upstream). Water temp. 21.0°C. Depth: 12 - 16". Width: 1/2 -
3 m. Large snake on rocks.
24 July 1975 29 9,
Comments: Depth: 16". Width: 4 - 3 m. Bottom: sand (rock from rip rap
falling in). Water: slightly cloudy.
13 August 1975 21 5 1.364
Comments: Only seined in pool area. Upper channel almost choked with aquatic
vegetation. Small amounts of algae. Seined 2 times. Several
topminnows sighted. None caught. Width: 3 - 1/2 m (sampled
area). Depth: 16" constant. Bottom: sandy silt. Water: semi-clear.
26 August 1975 21 11 2.215
Comments: Depth: 12-24". Width: 1 - 3 m. Bottom: sandy. Many
sedges. Water: cloudy.
20 September 1975 28 11 2.256
Comments: Water temp.: 18°C, 64°F. Water: clear, very slightly cloudy.
Bottom: sandy & silty. Width: 1/2 - 2-1/2 m. Depth: 12 - 18".
10 October 1975
Comments: Width: 1/4 - 2-1/2 m. Water: clear. Depth: 24". Bottom: sand
& muck. Took back to lab all unmarked fish. 3 branded fish
caught.
15 November 1975
Comments: Dip netted (IN, NSP, SA) . Ice on edges to to 1/2" thick.
Temp. 1.5 - 2°C. Water: turbid. Bottom: muck. Width: 1-1/2 to
2 m. Depth: up to 2' in^deep pools & 12-20. Lots of decaying
algae & bullrushes. Chlefdophora on bottom.
13 December 1975 91 16
Comments: Depth: 12 - 18" evenly deep in center. Width: 3m. 1m. at
narrow portion. Water: cloudy. Bottom: sandy. 2 marked fish
caught.
23 January 1976
Comments: Frozen. Snow covered.
20 February 1976 180 21
Comments: New sampling procedure. Old 50m in station pool. Contiguous
with one under bridge. Photo taken.
22 April 1976 151 16
Comments: 2 seine hauls. Water: clear. Depth: 6 - 24". Width: 1/2 -
3 m. Bottom: clean, no algae, sand & clay. Bullrushes growing.
23 April 1976 153 marked
278 total 123
Comments: Under bridge below station. 348 total, 303 marked, 3 recaptured-
-------
Date
BLK Summary
Station 13
Page 3
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Individuals Weight Individual Species Diversity
24 May 1976 205 19
Comments: . Includes under bridge. First sighting of quillback carpsucker
since 1974. 2 seine hauls. Photo taken of quill backs.
June 1976 283 15
Comments: CA were less than 35 mm with the exception of individual, 1 CC
adult. Much algae - before & after seining picture taken. Bottom:
clean. Depth: 2 ft. in many places.
21 July 1976 236 14
Comments: Very much algae present. Seined 3 times. Bottom: mucky
organic matter. Water: turbid. Depth: 10" average.
8 October 1976 281
31 March 1977 56
21 April 1977 113
10 May 1977 360
463.0
363.2
1.6
12
11
8
16
2.902
1.709
1.487
124
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 15
Black Creek downstream from entry of Smith Fry Drain
Date
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Individuals Height Individual Species Diversity
12-13 April 1974 210
20-21 May 1974 50
Comments: Eroded bank.
1667.0 7.94
+59 large fish
12
2.037
1.782
23 July 1974 .
Comments: Non-quantitative sample. 3+ species. Bank had been partially
pulled, very muddy in other places. Bottom: sandy & gravelly
in some places.
13 Sept. 1974
261
757.4
2.90
14
1.253
18 October 1974 63 9 1.570
Comments: Water: very cloudy & silty. Presumably from extensive erosion
banks. Very silty & muck bottom. Very low flow.
6-7 December 1974 160 115.8 0.72 6 .53
Comments: Ice Cover. Observed fish through 2 - 3" clear ice. Tend to stay
in eddies. Too sluggish to fight current. Intensive dip net
sample.
7-8 February 1975
Comments: Ice covered. Small fry.
22-23 March 1975 114 384.9 3.38 9 1.967
Comments: Bottom: silty, rock. Water: flowing clear. Depth: 2 - 10".
5 April 1975 158
Comments: 2 seinings.
245.7 1.56 10
Depth: 3". Bottom: silt.
19 April 1975 274 911.4 3.33
Comments: Bottom: clay & silt. Seined twice.
12
3 May 1975
Comments
99
2.03
1.700
1.798
1.577
200.9
+ 18 not
weighed
Flowing clear. Bottom: rock gravel, some silt. One upper seining,
one lower seining.
19 May 1975
Comments: Many small fry. Bridge above finished.
29 May 1975
17 June 1975
98
119
11
1.931
Comments: Water: slightly turbid. Depth:
clay & rock.
10 1.489
20 cm. Bottom: gravel,
125
-------
Date
Number of
Individuals
Total
Weight
Weight of
Individuals
25
10
June 1975
Comments:
July 1975
Comments:
Number of
Species
8
BLK Summary
Station 15
Page 2
Species
Diversity
1.667
39
Swift current - difficult to seine. Depth: 30 - 40 cm.
Width: 5 m. (constant). Bottom: sand, gravel, clay (rocks
at bend).
162 10
Many little fish too small to catch. Water
Numerous pebble bars. Depth: 4". Width: 2
Lower 50 rn. - Depth: 16" (max.). Width: 3".
1.397
level very low.
-4m. (upper portion)
Bottom: sand &
24 July 1975
Comments:
clay. Water temp.: 23.0°C. Still a lot of algae.
201 11 1.465
Upper 50 meters - Bottom: clay & gravel. Water no more than
6" deep. Many schools sighted & able to swim through net.
Lower 50 meters - Depth: 20" (max.). Width: 2 - 4 m. Bottom:
clay & sand. Numerous sand bars at both sites.
12 August 1975 21 2 0.191
Comments: Eb fry were 20 - 25 mm. in length. Water temp.: 27.3°C.
at lower station. Bottom: sandy, gravel. Depth: 1/2 - 3".
Width: 2 - 5 m. Water: clear but scum on top, some algae
growth, many fry. Upper 50 meters - Water: foul, scum floating
all through water. Bottom: clay, some algal growth. Width:
3 - 4 m. Depth: 3" - 12".
26 August
Comments:
upper 41
lower 32
Upper: 1 seine (no
Bottom: gravelly.
block seine. Lower:
Width: 2-1/2 -5m.
Water: turbid.
block). Depth: 5 -
Water: turbid. Too
1 seine (no block)
Bottom: gravel to
7 total 1.340
8 of 8
12". Width: 3 - 6 m.
wide & fast to use
. Depth: 5 - 18".
clay with rocks.
19 September 1975 44 5 1.255
Comments: Upper 50 m: no fish seen. Aquatic plants, algae low current.
Water: low. Depth: 1 -8". Width: 1.5 - 5. Water: clear.
Conditions similar to last fall . Few fish sighted.
10
October 1975
Comments: All fish taken back to lab.
with sand and gravel bars.
Lower: clay bottom. Depth:
Water: clear. Upper: clay bottom
Depth: 4 - 5". Width: 2 - 4 m.
4" - 2'. Width: 3 - 4 m.
15
November 1975
Comments: Temp, at Wier: 2.5°C. 13 ppm Og; ^7.4 pH. Water: slightly
cloudy. Ice on edges, some free floating with sand (could be
anchor ice). Fish sighted.
13 December 1975
Comments: Water: cloudy. Depth:
above study area.
8". Bottom: gravel. Sighted PP, PN, NSP
126
-------
Date
Number of
Individual
Total
Height
Weight per
Individual
Number of
Species
BLK Summary
Station 15
Page 3.
Species
Diversity
23 January 1976
Comments: Frozen.
Snow covered.
20 February 1976
Comments: Backwatered. 5 ft. deep. Too deep for sampling. Photo taken.
8-9 April 1976(upper)60 3
(lower) 5
Comments: Lower 50 m. Water: clear. Bottom: clay. Few fish sighted.
1 seine haul. Depth: 3 - 18". Fish are all small & pass
through net.
Upper - Water: clear. Bottom: sand & gravel & clay. No fish
seen. Depth: 3-4". Water level down.
13 May 1976
Comments:
9 June 1976
Comments:
Lower 50 - Bottom: clay, sand & rip rap. Depth: 4" - 30".
Width: 4 m. Water: clear. Biomass. 3 seine hauls. Enormous
quantities of algae - mostly cladophora. Continuous down both
banks and covering 50% of the bottoms in long strands growing
from rocks, etc. 6 carp over 300 mm. One over 400 mm. None
caught.
Upper 50 meters - More algae than lower. Width: 4 - 5 m.
Water: clear. Depth: 2 - 18". Bottom: sand & clay. Biomass:
1 seine haul.
(upper)102 9
(lower)166 13
Lower - low flow. Bottom: clean, considerable algae build-up
decaying piles washed downstream.
Upper - 3 sein hauls. Captured 1 2" snapping turtle.
10 July 1976 (upper) 54 9
(lower)915 14
Comments: Lower - Depth: 5 - 16". Many of the carp 35 mm. Water:
clear. Bottom: clay & sand. Both areas seined twice.
3 August 1976 (upper) 57 1962.4g 8
(lower)1073 35.9 17
Comments: Upper - Water: fairly low. Depth: 1/2 - 12". lower 12" max.
Mostly 2" - 4". Bottom: clay, sand, decaying organic matter.
Water clear.
7 October 1976
7 October 1976
17 March 1977
297
277
8
549.3
304.3
1.8
1.1
15
8
6
2.193(lower 50m)
1.24 (upper 50m)
1.733
127
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 16
Wertz Drain between Notestine Road and Black Creek
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Date Individuals Height Individual Species Diversity
12-13 April 1974 33 269.9 8.18 7 1.713
Comments: Bad technique.
19-20 June 1974
Comments: Recently channeled.
23 July 1974
Comments: Many small schools of silverjaws. Bottom: clay. Water: clear.
Stream choked with algae.
14-15 Sept. 1974 554 1046.99 1.89 11 1.521
22-23 March 1975 337 988.0 2.94 11 1.872
Comments: Seined twice. Bottom: clay, flowing. Width: 1 - 1-1/2.m.
Depth: 3-15".
128
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 17
Black Creek immediately upstream from entry of Wertz Drain
Number of Total Weiqht per Number of Species
Date Individuals Height Individual Species Diversity
12-13 April 1974 108 '955.6 8.85 10 1.689
Comments: One CC not weighted TL=250 mm.
20-21 May 1974 100
Comments: Number of species captured between St. 22 & 17, 9.
19-20 June 1974 4 7.3 1.83 2 .562
Comments: Recently pulled bank-sand & mud.
19-20 June 1974 62 196.1 3.16 5 .772
Comments: 3/4 mile below Station 17.
19-20 June 1974 42 99.7 2.37 7 1.229
Comments: 1 - 1/2 miles below.
23 July 1974 7 13.1 1.87 3 .956
Comments: Non-quantitative dip-net sample. Also 181 individuals, 9
species. FSD = 1.022. Bottom: sandy. Water: clear, not
algae choked; banks recently worked. Dumping rip-rap
upstream about 1/2 mile away.
14-15 Sept. 1974 9 45.1 5.01 5 1.427
Comments: Quantitative below St. 22 & 17 near new pond.
18 October 1974 55 81.5 1.48 9 1.350
Comments: Hater polluted. Bottom: mucky. Pigs,. Choked with algae.
22-23 March 1975 268 624.3 2.33 7 1.450
Comments: Seined twice. Bottom: sand, silt. Width: 2 - 5 m.
3 May 1975 240
Comments: Flowing clear. Bottom: sand & clay & rock.
129
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 18
Richelderfer Drain above Darling Road
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Date Individuals Height Individual Species Diversity
15 March 1974 9 10.3 1.14 5 1.465
Comments: Non quantitative sample.
12-13 April 1974
Comments: Non quantitative sample. Pike 622 mm TL.
23 July 1974 87 6 .972
Comments: Not seined (choked with algae, sandy bottom). 2 dip net
samples (combined) (predominance of Eb).
14-15 Sept. 1974 10 12.9 1.29 1
Comments: Silty, reduced algae growth. Rip rap above bridge provides
riffle near St. 18 below bridge. # ind = 154. Total weight
620.9, # species 6. FSD = 1.028.
18-19 October 1974
Comments: Non-quantitative. Decaying blue-green algae. Water: flows
clearly. Bottom: silty film over decaying organic black
layer. Few fish.
7-8 February 1975
Comments: Small fish. Section below bridge is open.
22-23 March 1975 11 4 1.342
Comments: Bottom: clear flowing, silty. Depth: 4 - 12". Width: 1 - 2m.
5 April 1975 110 276.7 2.52 9 1.641
Comments: Seined twice. Water: muddy. Bottom: sand & silt. Some fish
lost in rip rap & muskrat holes.
19 April 1975 29 54.9 1.89 5 1.367
Comments: Bottom: gravel, silt & sand. Water: clear.
3 May 1975 217 9
Comments: Water: flowing clear. Bottom: sand & silt, gravel.
29 May 1975 271 11 1.809
Comments: Bottom: gravel, silty & sand. Width: 1 - 2 m. Depth: 4 - 5".
17 June 1975 178 9 1.514
Comments: Bottom: sandy, gravel. Width: 2 m. Depth: 20 cm. (both
rather constant through entire sample area).
25 June 1975 173 10 1.718
Comments: Width: 2-1/2 - 3m. Depth: 30 - 40 cm. Bottom: sandy.
10 July 1975 392 11 1.246
Comments: Depth: 2 - 12". Width: 1/2 - 3 m. Bottom: sandy, gravel.
algae growth present (moderate bloom). Water temp. 21.75°C.
-------
Date
24 July 1975
Comments:
Number of
Individuals
Total
Weight
Weight per
Individual
Number of
Species
BLK Summary
Station 18
Page 2
Species
Diversity
248 9 1.75
Depth: 1/2" - 6". Width: 1/2 -3m. Bottom: sandy gravel.
Algae growth present (moderate bloom ). Water temp.: 21.75°C.
12 August 1975 59 7 1.399
Comments: 416 fry caught on algae in net algae quite prevelant (species
of fry FN, PN, but mostly EB). Depth: 1 - 18". Width: 1/2 -
3 m. Bottom: sand. Water: clear.
26 August 1975 179 10 1.634
Comments: Depth: 6 - 10". Width: 1 - 2 m. Bottom: sand & muck.
Water: turbid. (Bucket spilled, lost an undetermined # of
fish, however loss probably small as numbers counted agree
with first estimate of catch).
20 September 1975
Comments:
562 8 .99
Water: clear. Bottom: gravel & sand. Depth: 1 - 8".
Width: 1/2 -2m. 4 major schools of fish sighted. 50%
captured. Lots of algal growth in bottom of stream attached
to rocks & gravel. Almost every Eb is an adult.
10 October 1975
Comments: Samples taken
Water: clear.
back to lab. Depth: 4-8". Width: 2
Bottom: sand and algae (very heavy).
m.
15 November 1975
Comments: Some ice on edges. Bottom half of carp sighted. Water temp.
above Gorrell is 7.5°C. (in Black Creek) in the Gorrell is
4°C. Below Gorrell entrance is 2.5°C. - huge quantities of
dying cladophora.. Water is very clear. Very few fish in
area (2 small Eb). Some seen in Gorrell.
13 December 1975
Comments: NSP, PN, PP many sighted
Fast current. Cladophora
falls). Bottom: gravel.
23 January 1976
Comments: Frozen. Snow covered.
size range 40 -
still present.
70 mm.
Depth:
Water: cloudy.
2 - 12" (at
6
8-9 April 1976 93
Comments: Water Temp. 16.5°C. Water: clear. Bottom: sand. Depth: 2" -
8". Width: 1-1/2 -2m. Algae attached to everything in the
stream. H1 = 1.098.
13 May 1976
Comments:
9 June 1976
Comments:
Log forming hole & sand bar in middle of station.
banks, but channel clear. Bottom: sand & gravel.
2.0 m. Depth: 4" - 18".
Algae alog
Width: 1.5 -
35
Dip netted.
131
Heavy algae growth.
-------
BLK Summary
Station 18
Page 3
Number of
Individuals
Total
Weight
Weight per
Individual
Number of
Species
Species
Diversity
Date
9 July 1976 216 11
Comments: Clear of algae, rather shallow. Mostly less than 6" deep.
Up to 12" in spots. Water is quite warm. Bottom: sand & gravel
3 August 1976 561 596.7 1.06 7
Comments: Very much choked with algae. Fish caught by dip netting pool
at upper end of station. Depth in pool 18" max. Rest of
station 2". Water: turbid. Bottom: decaying organic
matter & sand.
29 September 1976 176 675.1 3.8 4 0.296
Comments: 165 Ns. Ave. wt. 3.9
2 Pr. 2.3
6 Eb 2.2
3 Nc 3.2
(dipnet}not quantitative)
7 October 1976 193 455.5 2.4 6 0.386
Comments: No. fish Ave. wt. No. fish Ave. wt.
Sa 2 22.7 Pp 5 .9
Pr 5 2.5 Eb 2 1.9
Ca 1 7.1 Ns 178 2.1
4 November 1976 189 469.5 2.5 7 .473
Comments: 171 Ns
21 April 1977 608 2422.4 4.0 13 1.816
9 May 1977 197 13 2.076
13 July 1977 247 784.6 3.2 12 1.710
132
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 19 ,
Smith-Fry Drain between Indiana Highway #101 and Antwerp Road (NE corner
of intersection.)
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Date Individuals Weight Individual Species Diversity
12-13 April 1974 260 570.8 2.20 9 1.322
19-20 June 1974
Comments: Fish fry caught under bridge. Upstream, PN, Johnny darters.
Water: very clear.
July 1974 6
Comments: Seined 2 - 20 m. sweeps many cray fish, fish fry. Bottom: silty.
18-19 October 1974
Comments: Pooled up. No net flow. Water: relatively unpolluted. Bottom:
silty. Evidence of muskrats. 2 small fish spotted.
7 December 1974
Comments: Thick ice.
8 February 1975
Comments: Ice clear. Some riffles free. Small fish.
22-23 March 1975 34 64.1 1.89 7 1.668
Comments: Seined 3 times. Water: flowing clear. Bottom: silty rock.
Width: 1 - 3.5 m. Depth: 4 - 15".
5 April 1975 27 40.5 1.5 6 1.610
Comments: Seined twice. Water: flowing clear. Bottom: rock, silt,
and debris. Width: 1/2 -2m. Depth: 4 - 15".
19 April 1975
Comments: 1 crayfish, pregnant EC. Bottom: muddy, clay in places with
some gravel. Water: clear. 1/2 -3m. wide. Up to 15" deep.
3-4 May 1975 40-45 4
Comments: Bottom: sand & clay. Flowing clear.
29 May 1975 19 6 1.634
Comments: Depth: 1 - 8". Width: 1/2 to 1 m. Bottom: gravel, mud where
deep. Many crayfish.
17 June 1975
Comments: Dip netted area. 2 Johnny darters and crayfish caught. No
small schools of fish. Water: turbid. Bottom: rock &
gravel.
25 June 1975 6 4 1.242
Comments: Width: 1 - 2 m. Depth: 30 - 60 cm. Bottom: clay. 95 crayfsh
caught.
133
-------
BLK Summary
Station 19
Page 2
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Date Individuals Weight Individual Species Diversity
10 July 1975 12 4 .983
Comments: 10" deep. Bottom - clay. Water - somewhat turbid. Low level.
Water temp. 22.3°C. Flow is somewhat faster than normal at
very low spots. 642 crayfish caught.
23 July 1975 12 3 .918
Comments: 6" deep. 1/4 - 3 meters wide. Bottom - clay & gravel. Many
crayfish (not quite as many as last trip however). Water clear
12 August 1975
Comments: Crayfish pop. same as above. 1/8 - 2 meters wide. 1/2" to
4" deep. Bottom clay - no algae. Water clear.
26 August 1975 52 6 1.328
Comments: Depth 2 - 12". Width 1/2 - 2 m. Bottom: clay & rocks. Water
cloudy. A vast number of crayfish netted.
20 September 1975 57 8 1.370
Comments: Water temp. 18°C. 66°F. Water turbid. Width .5-1.5 m.
Depth 1" - 12". Bottom: clay-mud. Crayfish still very numerous
10 October 1975
Comments: Fish samples taken back to lab. Water - burbid. Bottom -
clay to much. Depth 8" max. Width: 1/4 m - 2m. Animal waste
smell very noticeable.
15 November 1975
Comments. Water temp. 2°C. Some ice on edges. Slightly turbid water.
13 December 1975
Comments: Various seeds (soybeans, oats) floating on the water ( could
be due to animal droppings). Water: turbid. Bottom: mucky
clay. Smells very bad.
23 January 1976
Comments: Frozen - snow covered.
26 March 1976
Comments: H1 Biomass. 2 seine hauls. Turbid. Burrowing mayfly. Many
rainbow darters;ofull of eggs.
22 April 1976 33 7
Comments: Moderate algae buildup. 1 seine haul. Shallow. Fish scarce
Clay bottom.
24 May 1976 31 6
Comments: Algae choked, shallow, dip netted - photo taken. Natrix seen.
24 June 1976 17 7
Comments: Dip netted. Much algae. Clay bottom. All small fish.
134
-------
BLK Summary
Station 19
Page 3
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Date Individuals Weight Individual Species Diversity
21 July 1976 15 5
Comments: Depth 1" - 12". Bottom - clay. Water - slightly turbid.
Thousands of crayfish caught. No other fish sighted.
31 March 1977 3 3 1.099
135
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Number of
Individuals
104
269
^100
0
Total
Weight
308.6
682.5
Weight per
Individual
2.97
2.54
Number of
Species
4
6
4
Species
Diversity
.244
.454
Station 20
Driesbach Drain above Antwerp Road
Date
14-15 March 1974
12-13 April 1974
May 1974
June 1974
23 July 1974
Comments: Stream partially dried up. Filled with blue green algae and
scum, foul odor - puddles an inch or two deep.
22-23 March 1975 3 17.2 5.72 2 .637
Comments: Seined twice. Water - flowing & clear. Silty & muddy bottom.
4 - 6" deep. 1 - 1-1/2 meters wide.
5 April 1975 3 17.2 5.73 2 .637
Comments: Water, clear. Bottom - very mucky. Stream iced over. 1-2
meters wide. 3 - 8" deep.
19 April 1975
Comments: 1 - 2 meters wide. 5 - 30" deep. Water muddy. Bottom - silty
muck.
2 - 3 May 1975 1 1
Comments: Sand, muddy bottom. Flowing clear. 1-8" deep. 1-2 meters
wide.
28 May 1975
Comments: Flowing clear. Bottom mud. 1-12" deep, x = 2-1/2". 1 meter
wide. Walked station - sighted tadpoles, several dead crayfish,
creek chub head, small school of tiny fish by bridge.
17 June 1975 4
Comments: Sand bottom. 5 - 28 cm deep. 2 meters wide. Did not seine area.
25 June 1975 38 5 1.152
Comments: 16 crayfish caught.
10 July 1975 95 7 1.646
Comments: Smells very badly of raw sewage. Stream almost dried up
above station. Water clear about 1st 50 meters and then gets
very cloudy for the last 50 meters. Flow = 0. No definite
spot (such as drain pipe) where there is a definite start of
cloudiness. No fish spotted until murky water (water low
& 0 fish on other side of bridge). 10" deep. 35 dm - 3 cm
wide. Bottom sand at top, mud at bottom (stirred up black).
136
-------
Date
24 July 1975
Comments:
BLK Summary
Station 20
Page 2
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Individuals Height Individual Species Diversity
106 5 1.416
Many crayfish & snails. Conditions same as above. 1-10" deep,
1/4 - 3 meters wide. Water under bridge black. Spotted top
minnows, none caught.
12 August 1975
Comments. Not seined due to decaying algae bloom. Water, very bright
green. Some fry sighted, many crayfish, a few frogs.
Water temp. 28.0°C. Depth: 8" max. Width: 1-3 meters. Bottom:
sand, turning to muck at bottom of station.
26 August 1975 113
Comments: Depth: 5-18".
Water turbid.
Width 2-3 meters.
7 1.313
Bottom-sand to muck.
20 September 1975 559 10 1.190
Comments: Water temp. 12°C. 53°F. Bottom - muck. Width: .5-1.5 m.
Depth: 1" - 12". Water turbid. Algal growth-minimal
(a few clumps); except for 10-20 adults each. All Pp & Eb
were young of the year. 30-40 mm.
P.-
10 October 1975
Comments: Width 1/4 - 2-1/2 m. Depth 1-8". Bottom - sand at top,
muck at lower. Water slightly turbid at top, very turbid at
lower (due to muskrat activity). Water temp. 8.5°C. Depth
has increased due to rip rap. Fish samples brought back.
15 November 1975
Comments: Ice on water. Many small fish sighted (Eb & Pp) (ice 1/2"
thick) silty bottom. Water cloudy. Slow current. Depth
1-12". Width - 2m. Water temp, upstream 1.5.2°C. , downstream
.5 - 1°C. Oz upstream 12.6. Horses have been walking through
station.
23 January 1976
Comments: Frozen, snow covered.
20 February 1976 67 6
Comments: Bottom-silty, sand. Depth 6 - 24" (deeper than usual).
Water turbid. Width 2-3 m. Photo taken.
26 March 1976
Comments: 2 seine hauls. H1 Biomass sample. Water turbid. Bottom -
sand, with silt layer. Lots of decaying grass.
22 April 1976 7
Comments. 2 seine hauls. Much spirogira choking seines.
1 leech. Flow is low, no water flowing out of
Spring drought continues.
SS,crayfish?
drain tiles.
137
-------
Date
23 May 1976
Comments:
24
21
June 1976
Comments:
July 1976
Comments:
Number of
Individuals
Total
Weight
Weight per
Individual
Number of
Species
BLK Summary
Station 20
Page 3
Species
Diversity
55 5
Water stagnant, fouled under bridge from nearby house septic
effluent. Choked with spirgyra and cl.adophora. Dip netted.
Photos taken.
595 2123.8g 3.57 6
Sewage is backed up into study area. Lots of organic matter,
muddy, mucky bottom. Over 1000 crayfish. Many small sized.
Snails also numerous.
385 1051.9 2.73 6
Depth 8" max. Very low compared to previous levels. No flow
noticeable. Dark organic decay at bottom. Coliform count at
lower drain tile 10,000 +/100 ml. Very smelly. Algae not
very heavy. Very numerous snails & crayfish.
31 March 1977 31
Comments: Very mucky bottoms. 3, 22, 3, 3.
9 May 1977
361
11
1.647
138
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 21
Hamm Interceptor at Notestine Road
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Date Individuals Height Individual Species Diversity
Comment- 30-50 cm. deep. 3-4 meters wide. Bottom: clay. Water: turbid.
Very much algae in area. Sign of high nutrient in area. 2
crayfish caught.
9 July 1975 11 4 „ t ]:169
Comments: 2-8" deep. 1-2 meters width. Bottom: sand. Water: clear.
Water temp. 16.8°C.
25 July 1975 16 7 ^-841
Comments: 4-8" deep. 1-1/2 - 2-1/2 meters wide. Bottom: sand & silt &
clay. Water: turbid. Very little algae.
11 August 1975 22 6 1.491
Comments: 1 - 2-1/2 meters wide. 1" - 5" deep. Bottom: sand. Water:
clear. One school of fry seen, no larger fish caught or
sighted (77 mm was largest). No algae.
26 August 1975 61 }} 2-044
Comments: Depth: 3" - 12". Width: 1 - 2 meters. Bottom: clay.
Water: turbid.
20 September 1975 22 6 1.427
Comments: Water temp. 16° C, 61°F. Water: clear. Width: 1 - 2 meters.
Depth: 1-16". Bottom: sandy, silty (clean). Many of the
fish heavily infested with Blackhead disease (all but 2).
10 October 1975 21 6
Comments: Width: 1 - 1/2 m. Depth: 5 - 8". Bottom: sand. NSP -
50-60 mm, IN 30-40 mm, PN, EC, Eb 25-30 mm.
15 November 1975 .
Comments: Water temp. 1.25°C. Water slightly turbid. Not much ice,
some on edges. A little under bridge.
13 December 1975 .
Comments: Depth: 2 feet. Fast current. Water has greenish tint.
Has been higher water level (evident from vegetation on the
banks). Up 6 feet. Did not seine.
23 January 1976
Comments: Frozen. Snow covered.
11 March 1976 77 6
Comments: Water Temp. 2°C. 2 seine halls. Depth: 1 - 2-1/2 ft.
Width: 4 meters. Bottom: sand. Water: turbid.
139
-------
Date
Number of
Individuals
Total Weight per Number of
Weight Individual Species
8-9 April 1976 2 1
Comments: 1 seine haul. 1 decomposing dog & 2 dead birds.
clear. 3" - 18" depth. 1 - 2 m. width. Bottom:
BLK Summary
Station 21
Page 2
Species
Diversity
Water:
muck.
13 May 1976 10
Coments: Water temp. 11.8"C. Water:
Width: 1/2 - 1-1/2 meters.
6 crayfish.
slightly turbid.
Bottom: sand. 1
Depth: 2 -
seine haul.
10",
June 1976
Comments:
July 1976
Comments:
14 5
Stream clear, bottom sandy, edges with algae & pondweed.
15 7
Trees all cut and felled into stream. Dip netted in "accessible1
pools. Water turbid. 6 - 10" deep. Very muddy water. Trees
down for almost an entire month. Bank is going to be pulled.
Crane in operation about 1/2 mile upstream.
21 July 1976
Comments: They have cleared many of the trees out of the stream. Still
has many roots and small limbs & debris in water and on banks.
Makes it impossible to seine. Crane & pulling operations are
30 meters upstream. Should be through station by the next
week. Old trees were piled up along upper banks.
3 August 1976 25 6
Comments: Have not come through with crane. Stopped on other side of
bridge. Pulled bank up to the bridge. Crane is 2/3
mile upstream from station. Water: very muddy & clay bottom.
Lower end of station only an inch or two deep. Dip netted
upper portion 8 - 12". Many roots and branches in stream.
23 May 1977 7
Comments: Choked with Cladophora.
4 1.277
Few fish, caught with dip net.
140
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Stations 23 & 24
Black Creek Near the Maumee River
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Date Individuals Height Individual Species Diversity
19-20 June 1974 16 398.0 24.69 7 1.862
Comments: Sample immediately above mouth of Black Creek.
23 July 1974 12 6 1.705
Comments: Water: turbid. Bottom: sand & silt.
14-15 September 1974
Comments: Non-quantitative sample. Gizzard shad, spotfins, bluegill & green
sunfish. 2 small carp. Bottom: silt & mud. Water: turbid.
18-19 October 1974 854 2240.6 2.63 11 .613
Comments: Recently banks pulled and vegetation removed. Water very
turbid. Bottom of deep muck. Net flow very low. Non-
quantitative samples taken of two 20 ft. pools.
7 December 1974 171 196.9 1.15 8
Comments: Station 23-24. Depth: 4 ft. Width: 11 m. Muck bottom -
heavy vegetation (dead straw).
5 April 1975
Comments: Slow flowing. Muddy water. Thin ice on edges.
19 April 1975
Comments: Levels dropped from 4' to 1" with herbaceous mud flats (mud
1 - 1/2 ft. deep.) Water: very turbid. Width: 3 - 1 meters.
19 May 1975
Comments: Width: 1 - 4 m. Depth: 10" (and 10" mud). In one seining -
some fry and one carp. Flowing murky hot slow H20
17 June 1975
Comments: Area too high due to rain over last 3 days before trip.
25 June 1975.
Comments: Water too high to seine. No flow.
11 July 1975 9 5 1.523
Comments: Seined once. Width: 3 m. Depth: 3-4 ft. Water: turbid,
scummy, very little flow.
25 July 1975
Comments: Water level too high to be effectively seined by only 2 people.
12 August 1975 17 9 1.869
Comments: (at 23) Water level low. Depth: 16" max (4-16" range).
Width 1/2 -8m. Bottom: sand. Dead fish on the numerous
sand bars. Sweep (75m) was mostly a pool area between two
sand bars. 141
-------
BLK Summary
Stations 23 & 24
Page 2
Number of Total Weight per Number of Species
Date Individuals Weight Individual Species Diversity
12 August 1975 10 7 1.748
Comments: (at 24). Depth: 30" max (range 8" - 30"). Width: constant
8 m. Bottom: rock & sand. Scum floating on top. Backwatering
starts m 200 meters below bridge.
20 September 1976
Comments: Water down. Very mucky mud flats.
10 October 1975
Comments: Much settled in. Water level is low. Small fish fry sighted.
15 November 1975
Comments: Bottom: sand & silt. Ice 1/4" thick. Sheets 2'4' wide.
along edges. Temp. 3°C. Water: cloudy. Small amount of dying
cladophora. Few fish seen - no schools in 100 m. area.
1.5 meters wide.
23 January 1976
Comments: Frozen. Snow covered.
20 February 1976
Comments: Photo taken. 20-30 ft. deep.
142
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 26
Black Creek below Darling Road
Date
20 February 1976
Number of
Individuals
Total
Weight
Weight per
Individual
145(marked)
261(total)
Number of
Sjjecies
8
8
Species
Diversity
^ontotai; " .
Comments: Riffle area 9PP. Marked. Photo taken. Heavy rain next day
Up 1.5 m.
8-9 April 1976
Comments: Water temp. 20°C. Air temp. 12 C.
Width: 1/4 - 1-1/2 mm. Depth 2" -
Water level lower than last year.
stretches of ditch (photo).
Water: clear. Bottom: sand.
12". Much algae growth.
Redds cover wide sandy
13 May 1976
Comments:
9 June 1976
Comments:
9 July 1976
Comments:
81
Algae choked entire stream width
Biomass sample taken 100 m above
between top (warmer) and bottom.
6
& all the way to the bottom.
station. 10°F. difference
Fish found under algae.
Dip
9
netted.
13
Heavy algal growth.
Algae is somewhat washed out. Very few
riffle somewhat deeper. Water: clear.
5
fish. Depth: 8-12".
Bottom: sand & silt.
1
3 Comments: Station is very shallow (2 - 4") and very heavily choked with
algae. Extensively dip netted fish caught in riffle. Water:
clear. Bottom: sandy decaying organic matter.
143
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 28
Black Creek below Wertz Drain
Date
Number of
Individuals
Total
Weight
Weight per
Individual
Number of
Species
Species
Diversity
22
April 1976 526 9
Comments: Tons of ness-like chlodophora attached to rocks.
level lower than normal. Max depth 10". Width:
1" - 10" depth. Bottom: clay & gravel. 2 seine
11 crayfish.
Water:
1-2 m.
hauls.
clear -
22
24
May 1976
Comments:
June 1976
Comments:
21 July 1976
Comments:
35 7
Channel open in middle. Bottom & water are clean. Large
quantities of chlodophora along banks. Dip netted. No other
species sighted. Fish more numerous here than upstream.
785 1235 1.48 14
Much algae. Seined 2 times in 2 sections. Riffle seined
separately. Rattail maggots abundant in rotting masses of
algae. Bottom: sandy & clay. Fish relatively abundant. Large
dytisidae beetle collected. Lots of small darters.
296 651.6g 2.20
Water clear. Not much algae. Bottom: decaying algae & sand.
Average depth 8". D. Dudley had seen many fish in pools
before rain had come the days before we came to samples. They
must have dispersed when the water level rose.
7 October 1976 3035
4 November 1976 134
17 March 1977 64
31 March 1977 146
9 May 1977 305
6907.0
370.4
2.3
2.8
14
8
9
11
12
1.649
1.700
1.605
1.788
1.762
144
-------
BLACK CREEK FISH SUMMARY SHEET
Station 29
Black Creek below Smith Fry Drain.
Numbers of Total Weight per Number of Species
Date Individuals Height Individual Species Diversity
11 March 1976 2363 10 1.176
Comments: Upper pool 5 hauls. Lower pool 4 hauls. Width:
5 m. Turbulent weather.
8-9 April 1976 3866 10 0.9740
Comments: 4 seine hauls. Water: clear. Bottom: sandy. Depth: 3" - 2'
Many small Eb's not capturable caught 80% of all fish.
13 May 1976 349 10
Comments: 3 seine hauls. Pool is shallower. Many small fish sighted
Too small to catch. Few large fish were seen or caught.
Depth: 36" max.
9 June 1976
Comments: Counted as part of Station 15 for June 9, 1976.
9 July 1976 1151 13
Comments: Water clear & channel clear of algae. More than 95% of fish
were in the pool formed by the entry of the Smith Fry.
Bottom: sand & clay. ^ 70% of the fish died due to being
caught in the net.
3 August 1976.
Comments: 4" - 18" deep. Water slightly turbid. Decaying algae, sand &
silt. Bottom: much algae washed down.
9 September 1976 566 1251.8g 2.1g 15 2.0167
4 November 1976 361 464.0 1.5 12 2.300
31 March 1977 143 13 1.773
21 April 1977 146 430.3 2.9 10 1.869
10 May 1977 793 14 1.801
8 November 1977 5 112.5 22.5 1
145
-------
INSECT DATA
Early in the Black Creek project a comparison was
made of the macroinvertebrate faunal in Black Creek and
the Maumee River. What follows is a listing what was
found.
146
-------
Black Creek Drainage Area Aquatic Macroinvertebrate
Faunal List and Station Distribution of Species
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Caenidae
Caenis simulans (3,^,12,15)
Caenis sp.A (3,2U)
Baetidae
Callibaetis fluctuans (2,5,6,18,19,2*0
Baetis intercalaris group (12,15)
Neocloeon alamance (3,15,17,19)
Tricorythidae
Tricorythodes sp.A (12)
Heptageniidae
Stenonema integrum (12) » '
Stenonema terminatiim (12)
Stenonema nepotellum (12)
Stenonema sp.A (12)
Stenacron i nt erpu nc t at urn (2,12,15,19)
Heptagenia maculipennis (12)
Polyraitarcidae
Ephoron album (12)
Odonata
Gomphidae
Dromogomphus sp.A (3,12,15)
Aeshnidae
Boyeria vinosa (12,15)
Libellulidae
Libellula sp.A (15)
Calopterygidae
Calopteryx maculatum (2,15,20)
Coenagrionidae
Argia moesta (12)
Enallacma sp.A (3)
Ischnura verticalis (3,12,15,20)
147
-------
Plecopteru
Perl idnc
H''.r_l(\!tfi. -P. A (2,19)
Hem i pi. era
Gorri(i:ie
Herri s remicis (9,19,2't)
Vcliidiie
nhacovelia obena (12,17)
Corixidae
sp.A (2, 3, k, 5, 9, 15, 2U )
sp.B (2,9,19,20,21*)
Megaloptera
Sialidae
_Sialis sp.A (12)
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche sp.A (12,15)
Cheumatopsyche sp.A (2, 12,17, 19, 2k)
Phryganeidae
Ptilostomis sp.A (15)
Limnophilidae
sp.A
. Coleoptera
Elmidae
Stenelmis sexlineata (12, 2k)
Dubiraphia bivattata (12.15)
Dryopidae
Helichus fastigiatus (12)
Haliplidae
Peltodyt es duodec impunctatus (3,9,12,15,18,2^* )
Dytiscidae
Agabus sp.A (2,3)
Laccophilus fasclatus (2,5,6)
Laccophilus sp.A (3,5)
Hydroporus^ vickhami (1*)
Hydroporus griseostriatus (12)
Hygrotus sayi (5,20)
148
-------
Hydropli i 1 id.-io
'l'1-t^pli-.t.crnur. Inloivil in (•'», 5,15,20)
'I'rcni :-.t,ornur. mi xtun (17,19)
\''.nnc 11rus porp 1 c:•:u:; (20)
Knochrus nc-lnilo.sun (i4,6,2i4)
Bcrosun pererihus (2,U,6,12,15,17,2U)
Laccobiur. sp.A (2,17,18,19.20,2^)
Faracymus subcupreus (12)
Diptera
Tipulidae
Tipula sp.A (12)
Tabanidae
Chrysops sp.A (12)
Culicidae
Anopheles quadrimaculata (3)
Simuliidae
Simulium sp.A (3,12,17)
Stratiomyidae
Rtratomyia sp.A (12,17,19)
Eupharyphus sp.A (12)
Ephidridae
sp.A (3)
Ceratapogonidae
Palpomyia sp.A (12,15)
Chironoraidae
sp.A (2,3,^,5,6,12,15,20,21+)
sp.B (2,12,15,19,2U)
sp.C (12,15,19,20)
sp.D (12,15)
sp.E (12)
sp.F (3,12,15,20)
sp.G (12)
sp.H (12)
sp.I (15)
sp.J (12,15)
Crustacea
Isopoda
Lirceus sp.A (2,12,15,17,19,2U)
Amphipoda
Hyalella azteca (2.12.15.2U)
Decapoda
Orconectes rusticus mirus (2,5,12,15,19,21*)
-------
M:\croinvertebrate Species taken at Black Creek
Sampling Station,2
Insocta
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Callibaetis ,fluctup.ns
Heptageniidae
Stenacron interpunctatum
Odonata
Calopterygidae
Calopteryx maculatum
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Perlesta sp.
Hemiptera .
Corixidae sp.A
Corixidae sp.B
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Cheumatopsyche sp.A
Coleoptera
Dytiscidae
Agabu-3 sp.
Laccophilus fasciatus
Hydrophili dae
Berosus peregrinus
Laccobius sp.A
Diptera
Chironomidae sp.A
Chironomidae sp.B
Crustacea
Isopoda
Asellidae
Lirceus sp.A
Amphipoda
Hyallela azteca
Decapoda
Orconectes rusticus mirus
150
-------
Macroinvertebrate Species Taken at Black Creek
Sampling Station 3
.Innecta
Epheneroptera
Baeticiae
Ncocloeon alamance
Caenidae
C.'ion i r. r-imulans
Caonis sp.A -
Odonata
Gomphidae
DromoGomphus sp.A
Coenagrionidae
Enallagma sp.A
Ischnura verticalis
Hemiptera
Corixidae .
sp.A
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Peltodytes duodec impunc t afrus
Dytiscidae
Agibus sp.A
Laccophilus sp.A
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simuliura sp.
Chironomidae
sp.A
sp.F
Culicildae
Anopheles quadr imac ul at a
Ephidridae
sp.A
151
-------
Macroinvertelxrate Species Taken at Black Creek
Sampling Station 1*
Innecta
Ephemeroptcra
Ctenidae
Caenis simulnns
Heniptera
CurJxidae sp.A
Coleoptera
liydrophilidae
Knochrus nebulosus
Heronus percgrinus
Tropisternus lateralis
Dyticidae
llydroporus vickhami
Diptera
Chironomidae sp.A
152
-------
Macroinver.tebrate Species Taken at Black Creek
Sampling Station 5
Insectn
Ephemeroptei-a
Cal libaetis. fluctuans
Heniptera
Corixidae sp.A
Coleoptera
Hydrophilidae
Tropisternus lateralis
Dytiscidae
Ilygrotus sayi
Laccophilus fasciatus
Laccophilus sp.A
Diptera
Chironoraidae sp.A
Crustacea
Decapoda
>
Orconectes rusticus mirus
153
-------
Mni-ro iiivtM'lol'-ratc Upccicu Taken at Black Creek
Sampling Station 6
InsecLa
Ephcmeroptcra
Bactidae
Callibaetis fluctuons
Coleoptera
Ilydrophilidae
Knochrus nebulor.us
Beror.us peregrinus
Laccobius sp.A
Helophorus sp.A
Dytiscidae
Laccophilus fasciatus
Diptera
Chironomidae sp.A
Macroinvertebrate Species Taken at Black Creek
Sampling Station 9
llcmiptera
Corixidae
sp.A
sp.B
Gerridae
Gerrls remigis
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Peltodytes duodecimpuncta
154
-------
Mncroinvertcbrate Species Taken at Black Creek
Sampling Station 12
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Caenidae
Caenis simulans
Tricorythidae
Tricorytnodes sp.A
Baetidae
Pactis intercalaris group
Heptapeniidae
Stenonema inte^rum
Gtenpnema terminatum
Gtenoncma nepotellum
Stenonema sp.A
Stenacron interpunctattnn
Heptagenia maculipennis
Polymitarcidae
Ephoron albtom
Odonata
Gomphidae
Dromogomphus sp.A
Aeshnidae
Boyeria vinosa
Coenagrionidae
Argia moesta
Ischnura verticalis
Heraiptera
I
Veliidae
Rhagovelia obesa
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche sp.A
Chevunatopsyche sp.A
Megaloptera
Sialidae
Sialis sp.A
155
-------
Col coptera
Elm id; ic
n.onolmi:! ru-xl ino.'ita
Hu'ln' r.-i.j/iii a bi va I, In la
Dryopiiiae
lk'1 iclui:-. far.tl flatus
Ilydrophilidae
.s subcunreus
lialiplidao
I'e.l todytes duodec impunctata
Dyti ;-.c iilae
Hydroporus f^riseostriatus
Diptera
Chironomidae
sp.A
sp.B
sp.C
sp.D
sp.E
sp.F
sp.G
sp.H
sp.J
Stratiomyidae
Eupharyphus sp.A
Stratiomyia sp.A
Cerat apogoni dae
Palpomyia sp.A
Tabanidae
Chrysops sp.A
Tipulidae
Tipula sp.A
Simuliidae
Simulium sp.A
Crustacea
Isopoda
Lirceus sp.A
Araphipoda
Hy_all'elj| azteca
Decapoda
156 Orconectes rusticus nirus
-------
J'.pccicr, Taken at 111 nek Creek
Sampling Station 15
Kphomcropt ora
Bnetidae
Bnctin interca.ln.ris group
Neocloeon alamance
Caenidae
Caenis simulans
Heptagon!idae
Stenacron interpunctatum
Odonata
Gomphidae
Dromogomphus sp.A
Aeshnidae
Boyeria vinosa
Libellulidae
Libellula sp.A
Calopterygidae
Calopteryx maculatum
Coenagrionidae
Ischnura verticalis
Hemiptera
Corixidae sp.A
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche sp.A
. Phryganeidae
Ptilostomis sp.A
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Dubiraphia bivittata
Haliplidae
Peltodytes duodecempuncta
Hydrophilidae
Berosus peregrinus
Tropisternus lateralis
157
-------
Diptera
Chironomldae
nn.A
sp.B
sp.C
sp.D
sp.F
sp.I
sp. J
Ceratopofionidae
Palpomyia sp.A
Crustacea
Ir.opod.'i
Lire our. sp.A
Amphipoda
-Ilyallela azteca
Decapoda
Orconectes rusticus mirus
158
-------
Macroinverteb'rate Species Taken at Black Creek
Sampling Station IT
^— •— »- 1 -••— i i i ii •
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Neoc locotv alamanc e
Hemiptcra
Veliidne
besa
Trichoptera
Hyciropuychidae
Cheumatopsyche sp.A
Coleoptera
Hydrpphilidae
Tropisternus mixtus
. Berosus pere^rinus
Laccobius sp.A
Diptera
Stratiomyidae
Stratomyia sp.A
Simuliidae
Simulivun sp.
Crustacea
Isopoda
Li.rceu.s. sp.
159
-------
Macroinvertebrate Species Taken at Black Creek
SampJinp; Station 10
1 n:;cc til '
Ephei.'.oroptera
Baetidae
Callibaetis fluctuans
Coleoptera
Haliplidne
Feltodytes duodecenpuncta
Hydrophilidae
Laccophilus sp.<£)
Dytiscidae
1 - unident. larvae
160
-------
flacroinvertebrnte Species Taken at Black Creek
Sampling Station 19
Tnneota
Ephcineroptera
Ileptaoeniidae
Stenacron interpunctatum
Baetidae
Meocloeon alamance
Callibaetis fluctuans
Heniptera
Corixidae sp.®
Gerridae
Gerris remigis
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Perlesta sp.A
Trichoptera
Hydrop syc hi dae
Cheumatopsyche sp.A
Coleoptera
Hydrophilidae
Laccobius sp.A
Tropisternus mixtus
Diptera
Chironomidae
sp.B
sp.C
Stratiomyidae
Stratomyia sp.A
Crustacea
Isopoda
Lirceus sp.A
Decapods
Orconectes rusticus mirus
MDllusca
Gastropoda
1 - unident. snail
161
-------
M;icroinvertet>rate Species Taken at Black Creek
Sampling Station 2U
Insecta
Epheneroptera
Caenidae
Caenis sp.A
Baetidae
Callibaetis fluctuans
Hemiptera
Gerridae
Gerris remigis
Corixidae
sp.A
sp.B
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Cheunatopsyche sp.A
Limnophilidae sp.A (case only)
Coleoptera
Haliplidae
Peltodytes duo de c i mp unc tat a
Elmidae
Stenelmis sexlineata
Hydophilidae
Berosus peregrinus
Laccobius sp.A
Enochrus nebulosus
Diptera
Chironomidae
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Hyalella azteca
Isopoda
Llrceus sp.A
Decapoda
Orconectes rusticus mi rus
162
-------
Macroinvertebrate Species Taken at Black Creek
Station at Wertz Woods (VTW)
Insecta
Odonata
Caloptcry^idae
C;i1optcryx naculatum
Coennftrionidae
Jsclinura vorticalis
Homiptcra
Corixiduc ap.B
Diptera
Chironomidae
sp.F
Coleoptera
Hydrophilidae
Tropisternus lateralis
Helophorus sp.A
Enochrus perplexus
Dytiscidae
Ilygrotus sayi
163
-------
Control Drainage Area Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Faunal
List and Station Distribution
Innccta
Ephemcropteru
Caenidac
Cnenis simulans ( 13,21)
Heptaceniidae
Stenacron interpuctatum (13,21,21')
Stenonema inte^rum (21,21')
Stenonema term nat urn (21')
Heptagenia diabasia (21)
Heptagenia maculipennis (21')
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia sp.A (13, 21)
Tricorythidae
Tficorythodes sp.A (21)
Polymitarcidae
Ephoron alb\jn (21')
Potamanthidae
Potamanthus mypps (21')
Odonata
Calopterygidae
Hetaerina am6ricana ( 21 ')
Calopteryx maculatum (21)
Coenagrionidae
Argia apical is (21')
Aeshnidae
Boyeria vinosa (21)
Gomphidae
sp.A (21)
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Perlesta sp.A (21,21')
Trichoptera ,
Hydropsychidae
Chevunatopsyche sp.A (13,21,21')
Hydropsyche sp.A (21,21')
Hydropsyche sp.B (21')
164
-------
Coleoptera
Elmidac
rtenelmis sexlineata (211)
Hydrophilidae
Tropipternus laterali_s (21,21')
Helophorus sp.A (2l)
Berosus sp. (larvae) (13)
Diptera
Chironomidae
sp.A (21)
sp.B (21)
sp.C (13)
sp.G (13)
Ephidridae
sp.B (13)
Tabanidae
Chrysops sp.A (13)
Hemiptera
Corixidae
sp.A (21)
sp.B (13, 21)
sp.C (13)
Gerridae
Gerris remigis (21)
Crustacea
Isopoda
Lirceus sp.A (13,21)
Amphipoda
Hyalella azteca (21)
Decapoda
Orconectes rusticus mirus (21,2i')
165
-------
Macroinvertebrnte Species Taken at Control Area
Sampling Htation 13
Tnsocta
Ephemeroptera
Caenidae
Caenis simulans
Heptageniidae
Stenacron i nt erpun c t atum
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia sp.A
Hemiptera
Corixidae
sp. B
sp.C
Coleoptera :
Hydrophilidae
Berosus sp. (larvae)
' Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Cheumatopsyche sp.A
Diptera
Chironomidae
sp.C
sp.G
Ephidridae sp.B
Tabanidae
Chrysops sp.A
Crustacea
Isopoda
Lirceus sp.
166
-------
• Macroinvertebrate Species Taken at Control Area
Sampling Station 21
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Cacnidao
Caonis simulans
Tricorythidae
Tricorythodes sp.A
Heptageniidae
Stenonema integrum
Stenacron interpunctatum
Heptagenia diabasia
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia sp.A
Odonata
Aeshnidae
Boyeria vinosa
Gomphidae
Dromogomphus sp.A
Calopterygidae
Calopteryx Maculatum
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Perlesta sp.A
Heraiptera
Gerridae
Gerris remigis
Corixidae
sp.A
sp.B
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche sp.A
Cheumatopsyche sp.A
Coleoptera
Hydrophilidae
Helophorus sp.A
Tropisternus lateralis
167
-------
Diptera
Chironomidae
sp.A
sp.B
Crustacea
Isopoda
Lirceus sp.A
Amphipoda
Hyale11a azteca
Decapoda
Orconectes rusticus mirus
168
-------
Mnumee River Aquatic .Macroinvertebrate Faunal List
(Stations 1^ and 26 combined)
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Caenidae
Caenis simulans
Baetidae
Baetis intercalaris group
Daetis sp.A
Baetis sp.B
Pseudocloeon sp.A
Tricorythidae
Tricorytnodes sp.A
Heptageniidae
Stenonema integrum
Stenonema terminaturn
Stenonema sp.A
Stenonema sp.B
Stenacron interpunctatum
Heptagenia maculipennis
Potamanthidae
Potamanthus myops
Odonata
Calopterygidae
Calopteryx maculatum (adults only)
Coenagrionidae
Argia moesta
Argia apicalis
Arftia sedula
Argia fumipennis violacia
Ischnura verticalis
Ischnura posita (adults only)
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Perlesta sp.A
Taeniopterygidae
Taeniopteryx burksi
170
-------
Macroinvertebrate Species Taken at Control Area
Sampling Station 21'
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Polymitarcidae
Rphoron album
Potamanthidae
Potamanthus myops '
Heptageniidae
Stenonema integrum
Stenonema terminatum
Stenacron interpunctatujn
Heptagenia maculipennis
Odonata
Calopterygidae
Hetaerina americana
Coenagrionidae
Argia apicalis
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Perlesta sp.
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Cheumatopsyche sp.
Hydropsyche sp.A
Hydropsyche sp.B
Coleoptera
Elmidae .
Stenelmis sexlineata
Hydrophilidae
Tropisternus lateralis
Crustacea
Decapoda
iifcl.oR rusticus mirus
169
-------
Coleoptera
Elmidae
£tcnclnu s_ sexlineata
Ancyronyx varieratus
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche sp.A
Hydropsyche sp.B
Hydropsyche sp.C
Ciieumatopsyche sp.A-
Diptera
Simuliidae
sp.A
Empididae
sp.A
Chironomidae
sp.A
sp.B
sp.C
sp.D
sp.E
Crustacea
Isopoda
Lirceus sp.A '
Araphipoda
Hyallela azteca
Decapod
da
Orconectes rusticus
Orconectes sp.A
171
-------
Mutual Association of Areas Based on Aquatic
Macroinvertebrate Sampling
Area (l/c.pp.) Area (#spp.) #spp. common
Control, Benthos only (28) Maumee River (39) 20 59-70
Black Creek, Benthos only (1+9) Maumee River (39) 2b 5^.5^
Control Are.-i (36) Black Creek (68) 26 50.00
Black Creek 12 & 15 (50) Black Creek - 12 & 15 (liO) -22 148.89
Control Area (36) Black Creek - 12 & 15 (1*0) 17 1+5.33
Black Creek - 12 & 15 (1*0) Maumee River (39) 13 32.91
Black Creek 12 & 15 (50) Maumeje River (39) 13 29.21
172
-------
Species Diversity Data Based on Artificial Substrate
. f.ample from Black Creek Station 12, September, 1971*
1'axa # Individuals
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
sp.A 8
sp.C 1
sp.D 116
Ephemeroptera
Heptageniidae
Gtenacron interpunctatum ^
Caenidae
JL
Caenis simulans 12
Odonata
Coenagrionidae
Ischnura verticalis 3
Gomphidae
Dromogomphus sp. 1
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Dubiraphia bivittata 10
Hydrophilidae
Berosus peregrinus 5
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Hyallela azteca 1-
' '- . 165
d = 1.82
173
-------
Species Diversity Data Based on Artificial Substrate
Sample from Black Creek; Station 12, October, 1971*
Toxa # Individuals
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
sp.C 3
sp.J M
Ephemeroptera
Hepta^eniidae
Stenacron interpunctatum **
Caenidae
Caenis simulans " 9°
Tricorythidae '
Tricorythodes sp. 1
Odonata
Coenagrionidae
Ischnura verticalis 12
Gomphidae
Dromo^omphuf} sp. 1
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Dubiraphia bivattata 300
Hydrophilidae
Berosus peregrinus 2
Megaloptera
Sialidae
Sialis sp.A 1
Crustacea
Isopoda
Lirceus sp.A U
Araphipoda
Hyallela azteca 2
Decapoda
Orconectes rusticus mirus . .2
174 d * l'W
-------
^pooier, Diversity Data Based on Artificial Substrate
imple from lUack ' Crock, Station 12, May, 1975
Taxa # Individuals
Insecta
Dipt era
Chironomidae
sp.B 8
sp.D ID
sp.F 1
Stratiomyidae
Eupharyphus sp.A 1
Stratiomyia sp.A 1
Ceratapogonidae
Palpomyia sp.A , 2
*
Tabanidae
Chrysops sp.A 1
Megaloptera
Sialidae
Sialis sp.A 1
Odonata
Coenagrionidae
Ischnura vertical is 1
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Dubiraphia bivittata 60
Hydrophilidae
Berosus peregrinus 6
Crustacea
Isopoda
Lirceus sp.A 5
115
175
-------
.".|K?eier. Diversity Dut.i R-iricd on Artificial Substrate
Srunple from lUuck Crock, Station 12, June, 1975
Taxa # Individuals
Insecta
Diptera
Chironoraidae
sp.C 2h
sp.D ' l|i
sp.J 12
Ceratapogonidae
Palpomyia.sp. 1
Ephemeroptera
Caenidae
Caenis simulans . 23
Odonata
Coenagrionidae
Argia moesta 1 •
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Dubiraphia bivittata. 7
Crustacea
Isopoda
Lirceus sp.A 19
Decapoda
Orconectes rusticus minis 3
132
d = 2.68
176
-------
Species Diversity Data Based on Artificial Substrate
Sample (l) from Black Creek, Station 12, August, 1975
Taxa * Individuals
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
sp.A . >
sp.B 17
sp.H 2
Ceratopogonidae
Paj.pomyia sp. 3
Ephemeroptera
Heptageniidae
Stenacron i nt erpunc t at urn '8
Caenidae
Caenis simulans 2
Trichoptera
Hydropsychi idae
Hydropsyche sp.A 12
Coleoptera
Hydrophilidae
Berosus peregrinus 3
Elmidae
Dubiraphia bivittata_ 6
Crustacea
Araphipoda
Hy all el a azteca 2
2.7k
111
-------
Species Diversity Data Based on Artificial Substrate
Sample (2) from Black Creek, Station 12, August, 1975
Taxa # Individuals
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
sp.B ' 30
sp.D . 1Y
sp.E !*1
Ceratopogonidae
Palpomyia sp. . • • 1
Epheraeroptera
Heptageniidae
Stenacron interpunctaturn > 8
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Dubiraphia bivittata 9
Haliplidae
Peltodytes duodecimpunctata 2
Trichoptera
Hydropsychiidae
Hydropsyche sp.A 1
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Hyallela azteca 1
110
d = 2.U1*
178
-------
Diversity Data Based on Artificial Substrate
Sample, Black Creek, Station 12, October, 1975-
Taxa # Individuals
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
sp.A • 3
sp.G ' . 1»
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Dubiraphia bivittata 15
Hydrophilidae
Berosus peregrinus 11
• r
Crustacea
isopoda
Lirceas sp.A 2
39
d = 1.62
179
-------
Species Diversity Based on Artificial Substrate
Sample from Black Creek, Station 15, November, 197^
Taxa # Individuals
Insecta
Diptera
Chironcmidae
sp.D 22
sp.J 3
Ephemeroptera
Heptageniidae
Stenacron i nt e rpunc t at um 2
Caenidae
Caenis simulans 15
Baetidae
f
Baetis intercalaris group 1
Odonata
Coenagrionidae
Ischnura verticalis 1
Calopterygidae
Calopteryx maculatum 2
Aeshnidae
Boyeria vinosa 1
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Dubiraphia bivattata 20
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Hyallela azteca 26
95
d = 2.58
180
-------
Species Diversity Data Based on Artificial Substrate
Sample, Black'Creek, Station 12, November 1975.
Taxa # Individuals
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
sp.A ' 10
sp.B ' ' M
Coleoptera
Hydrophilidae
Berosus peregrinus 1
Crustacea
Isopoda
Lirceus sp.A 1
Decopoda
Orconectes rusticus mirus 1
57
d = l.Ofc
181
-------
Gpecies Diversity Data Based on Artificial Substrate
Sample from Black Creek, Station 15, September, 1975
Taxa # Individuals
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
sp.A ' 6
sp.B • 36
sp.C . 3
Ceratopogonidae
Palpomyia sp. 1
Ephemeroptera
Heptageniidae
Stenacron interpunctatum 3
Coleoptera '
Elmidae
Dubiraphia biyittata lU
Hydrophilidae
Berosus peregrinus 5
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche sp.A 5
Crustacea
Isopoda
Lirceus sp. 9
Decopoda
Orconectes rusticus mirus 5
"~55
3 = 2.75
182
-------
Species Diversity Data Based on Artificial Substrate
Sample'from Black Creek, Station 15, November, 1975
Taxa ' Individuals
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
sp.A ' 6
sp.D • 5
sp.F 1
Ephemeroptera
Heptageniidae
Stenacron interpunctatum 6
Odonata
Coenagrionidae .
Ischnura verticalis 6
Calopterygidae
Calopteryx maculaturn 2
Crustacea
Isopoda
Lirceus sp. 8
Decopoda
Orconectes rusticus mirus 1
"^5
d = 2.1k
183
-------
Species Diversity Data Based on Artificial Substrate
Sample from Black Creek, Station'15, December, 1975
Taxa
# Individuals
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
sp.A
sp.B
sp. I
sp.J
Odonata
Libellulidae
Libellula sp.A
Coneagrionidae
Ischnura verticalis
Trichoptera
Hydropsyc hi dae
Hydropsyche sp.A
Phryganeidae
Ptilostomis sp.A
8
86
1
2
3
3
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Isopoda
Decopoda
Hyallela azteca
Lirceus sp.
Orconectes rusticus mirus
d = 1.92
3
U6
5.
T59"
184
-------
Summary of Species Diversity Data Based on Artifical
Substrate Samples from the Maumee River
Station & Date
26A
26B
20A
C6B
2bA
?6H
26A
i:6n
26
26
IkA
lliB
1»4A
ikB
IkA
ikE
IkA
ll*B
Ik
Ik
Ik
- 10 -
- 10 -
- 11 -
- 11 -
- 12 -
- 12 -
- 9 -
- 9 -
- 10 -
- 11 -
-. 9 -
- 9 -
- 10 -
- 10 -
- 11 -
- 11 -
- 12 -
- 12 -
- 8 -
- 10 -
- 11 -
71*
Ik
Ik
Ik
Ik
Ik
75
75
75
75
7U
71*
Ik
Ik
Ik
Ik
Ik
Ik
75
75
75
It Species
12
12
5
13
5
6
8
10
10
11
5
3
6
9
5
7
7
8
11
12
7
# Individuals
152
130
30
11*0
22
872
171*
329
116
61
30
21
33
1*5
16
33
37
29
97
67
21
d
1.78
2.6U
1.98
2.19
2.02
3.53
1.67
1.93
2.78
2.71
1.98
1.31*
1.86
2.28
1.79
1.76
1.98
2.12
2.32
3.15
2.36
185
-------
Comparison of Artifical Substrate Sample:
in Black Creek and Maumee River
Black Creek iMaumee River
Station
Av£. //species
per sample
# .species
(total)
i\vg. #ind/saraple
Jivg . d
range d
12
12
30
117
2.0
l.O.U-2.71*
15
10
31
95
2.5
1.92-2.58
26
9
32
1**9
2.30
1.U2-3.53
Ik
1
32
39
2.12
1.3U-2.2*
186
-------
SOCIO ECONOMIC DATA
Socio economic data included in this volume are the
following:
1. Survey instruments
2. Description of variables
3. Statisitcal summary of variables
Complete data files are available in machine readable
form at cost of duplication. For additional information
contact:
Department of Agricultural Economics
Purdue University
West Lafayette, IN 47907
187
-------
Behavioral Components of
Sediment Control in the
Black Creek Basin
Socio-Economic Phase
Purdue University
Department of
Agricultural Economics
February, 1974
Schedule Number
Township .
Section Number
Lot Number
Interviewers Name:
Date of Interview Completion;
Land Recorded in Name of
INTRODUCTION:
HELLO! My name is
I am working with Pur-
lUJLjUWi vijr H.IAUI.'- *.u* - All
due University and local organizations on an environmental project in Allen
County We are interviewing land users concerning their
opinions of pollution control and land practices. You are ons of the house-
holds selected in this area. All the information you give in this interview
will be treated as STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL and will never be identified with
you personally. ju.ii.
(Note• The name is the land owner and this individual may be a renter, in which
case he should be interviewed). The interview will take about 30 minutes.
rATE TIME RESULTS AND SUGGESTIONS .. ^
FIRST CALL
SECOND CALL
THIRD CALL
188
-------
I. General Information
First, I would like to ask you about your farmland.
1. How many acres (approximately within these boundaries) do you (show map):
a. Own personally
b. Own in part
c. Rent from someone .
d. Other (specify
Total Acres
2. Of the total acres you personally farm, how many are in each of the
following categories:
a. Acres in crops
d. Acres in wild-life and
recreation .
b. Acres in woodland
c. Acres in pasture
e. Acres in other (buildings,
roads, lanes, etc.)
3. How many acres do you rent out?_
4. On CARD 1 is a list of crops. For the number of acres (see 2a for total)
you have in crops, how many of each crop do you farm and what was the most
recent yield per acre?
CROPS
# of
Acres
Farmed
Corn (for
R?ain)| J'-">
Corn (for
silage 1
1
Sovbeans
Oats
Wheat
Legume
Hay
Other
(Pastui
,
•e.etc.)
Yield
Per Acre
(1973)
bu.
Tons
bu.
bu.
bu.
Tons
Fertility of Soil (Fertilizer)
Manure
Tons /Acre
Organic
(Green Sand)
Others
Chemical
(Analysis)
N P205 K20
Ibs./
Acre
5a. When do you apply your fertilizers?(Fall, Spring, after planting)
5b. Do you plow it down, disc it in or knife-in your nitrogen? •
189
-------
6. Do you plan to plant the same crops and the same number of acres for
this year?
Soil Characteristics and Their Limitations
7. In thinking about the land you farm, consider the number of acres which
cause you management problems or limits your total production because
of one or more of three reasons:
1. Wetness 2. Erodibility 3. Drought
Wetness might mean late plowing, planting or harvesting may result in
soil compaction, puddling and crusting of surfaces and over-all poor crop
stands. It might also limit the crops or rotations you follow.
Erodibility might make it hard to prepare a seedbed in exposed subsoils
and may result in washout of planted seed or in covering of low areas by
silt from higher areas. It might also result in clogging of your open
surfaces drains or in filling of your farm ponds.
Drought might be a limitation to you on soils of two kinds: (1) thooe
which do not erode badly, but have low ability to store water for crops,
or (2) sloping credible soils where runoff is faster than water can be
absorbed and there is lower water storage for use by crops. (In think-
ing of drought, you may have some overlapping with erodibility limitations.)
7a. For each of these three land limitations, how many acres do you have that
are low, moderate or high in wetness? (RECORD NUMBER OF ACRES); low, mod-
erate or high in erodibility? (RECORD NUMBER OF ACRES); low, moderate or
high in drought? (RECORD NUMBER OF ACRES). For drought, how many acres are
due to sandiness or slope runoff?
Severity of Kind of Limitation For Drought, how much is due to:
Limitation Wetness Erodibility Drought Sandiness Slope and Runoff
Low
Moderate
High
7b. Where wetness is a problem, which of these possible reasons apply? (Circle
all that apply.)
1. Inadequate surface drainage and outlets.
2. Extremely high clay and slopedrainage to tile.
3. Broken tile in system.
4. Inadequate tile system.
5. No tile system.
6. Other reasons (specify . . ;
190
-------
How many of the following animals do you have?
a. Horses e. Hogs
b. Be«ef Cows • f. Sheep
c. Calves g. Chickens
d. Milk Cows
9. Have you ever voluntarily participated in a government feed grain program?
1. No 2. Yes 9. N/R
10. Do you have a creek, ditch or stream crossing the boundaries of your
property?
Yes No
11. Do you have a conservation plan with the Soil and Water Conservation
District Office?
1. Yes
2. No (Go to 12)
3. O.K.
If yes, ask:
a. When was the plan drawn up? ,
(TURN TO CARD 2)
b. Has the plan been followed? (check)
1. Yes, followed strictly 4. Not followed very much
2. Yes, with some variation 5. Not followed at all
3. Followed some, not followed some
(TURN TO CARD 3)
IZJLwill now read a list of activities you might encounter while working with
your land. Where do you go, or who would you seek out for information
when you have a problem with: Small A local
Handle it Friend Business or Government
myself or Neighbor Professional Agency
(Co-op, Vet.) (SCS.CES)
a. Crop disease 12 34
b. Insect control 12 34
c Machinery 1234
d. Livestock 12 34
e. Crop rotation 12 34
f. Farm Management 12 34
g. Soil Management 12 34
h. Fertilizer usage 12 3 4
i. New crop varieties 1 2 3 4
j. Non farm land uses 1 2 3 4 191
k. Potential pollution 12 34
-------
(TURN TO CARD A)
13. How adequate do you think our present technical knowledge is about methods
to control soil erosion and runoff?
2,
3.
Completely inadequate even
if all present knowledge
were applied.
Somewhat inadequate
Somewhat adequate
8.
9.
Completely adequate to control
pollution if all present know-
ledge were applied.
O.K.
N/R
(CARD 5)
14. In your opinion, should there be public regulation of land use practices
where erosion and other runoff or discharge problems affect the water
supply, or should this be left up to individuals to control?
1. Yes, there should be some public control
2. No, it should be left to individual owner
8. O.K.
9. N/R
II Attitudes Toward Water and Soil Resource Development
15. Now, we would like to get your opinion to several statements and ask
whether you agree or disagree with each. There are, of course, no "right"
or "wrong" answers to these. (See CARD 5A)
Don't Dis-
Agree Know Agree
a. Conservation of soil is not a real problem in this area. 1 23
b. The average landowner in this county stands to lose
more than he will gain by soil and water development
programs. 1
c. Trees are of little value in keeping the soil from
washing away. 1
d. The cost of soil erosion reducing practices should be
borne entirely by those whose land is affected. 1
e. The future of this area's economy depends in large part
part on the constructive use of its land resources. 1
f. The federal government should play an important role in
soil conservation programs in this county. 1
g. Pollution of the streams is a major problem in this
county. 1
h. State's powers are being given up when the federal govern-
ment finances watershed projects. 1
i. Landowners have little opportunity to express their
opinions in planning watershed projects.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
192
-------
For the next questions, please refer to CARD 6. I will read several statements.
Please tell me whether you strongly disagree, disagree, agree, or strongly
agree with each statement.
S.D. £_._ N^ A_._ S.A.
16a. Consumers won't pay the higher costs necessary
to allow farmers to eliminate agricultural pollution 54321
16b. Even considering the cost, all available pollution
control techniques should be applied. 5432 1
17. It has been estimated that it will cost at least
$42 billion to clean rap water pollution in the
U.S. Do you think there should be a special "en-
vironmental improvement" tax added to everyone's
income tax which would be used to pay for pollu-
tion control programs? 5432 1
18. Federal taxation to clean up our water completely
wouldn't be too expensive to consider. 5 432 1
19. Drainage from septic tanks represents a major health
hazard. 54321
20. Animal wastes are a major source of pollution. 5432 1
21. It is very important to clean up the environment. 5 432 1
22. Sewage systems to clean vsp our nation's waters are
too costly to be practical. 5432 1
23. Our society can easily adjust its spending to solve
the problem of erosion and other runoff problems. 5432 1
III Attitudes Toward Local Community and County
(TURN TO CARD 7 )
24. Suppose a watershed protection district were declared for this area. Would
you be in favor of specific standards for households, farms, municipalities
and industries to control pollution?
1. Strongly favor 5. Strongly against
2. Favor 8. D,K.
3. Neutral 9. N/R
4. Against
193
-------
(Turn to card 8)
25. Suppose it were found that a household were responsible for sig-
nificant pollution in the Black Creek. What action should be,
taken?
1. No outside action should be taken.
2. The polluter should be notified, but corrective action should
be voluntary with government financial assistance available.
3. The polluter should be notified, but corrective action should
be voluntary and at his own expense.
4. The polluter should ba required by law to stop the pollution,
bvt the government should provide financial assistance.
5. The polluter should be required by law to stop the pollution
at his own expense.
8. O.K.
9. N/R
26. If it were found that a farm operation were responsible for signif
icant pollution to the Black Creek, what action should be taken?
(card 8)
1. No outside action should be taken.
2. The polluter should be notified, but corrective action should
be voluntary with government financial assistance available.
3, The polluter should be notified, but corrective action should
be voluntary at his own expense.
4. The polluter should be required by law to stop the pollution,
but the government should provide financial assistance.
5. The polluter should be required by law to stop the pollution
at his own expense.
8. O.K.
9. N/R
27. And if it were found that a business or industry were responsible
for significant pollution to the Black Creek, what action should
be taken? (card 8)
1. No outside action should be taken.
2. The polluter should be notified, but corrective action should
be voluntary with government financial assistance available.
3. The polluter should be notified, but corrective action should
be voluntary at his own expense.
4. The polluter should be required by law to stop pollution, but
the government should provide financial assistance.
5. The polluter should be required by law to stop pollution at his
own expense .
8. D.K.
9. N/R
194
-------
(card 9)
29. In each of these three situations, if correction were required, what
would be a reasonable time to allow for the work to be completed?
(Ask: For A. Households, then for B. Farm, then for C. Business)
Immediately to 2 weeks
Up to 2 months
Six months
One year
Two years
Up to five years
Longer than five years
D.K.
N/R
A
Household
B
Farm
C
Business
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
(TURN TO CARD lo)
29. Who should pay for the efforts in this district to control pollution?
Please indicate the percentage of payment by each group. (Take 100
points and distribute between Federal, State and Local.)
Jo Federal
Jo State
% Local, including owner
100%
(TURN TO CARD U)
30. If government assistance is given for pollution control, what level of
government should be the principal source of assistance funds for:
A. Households (obtain response) then ask, for B.
B. Farm (obtain response) then ask, for C.
C. Business (obtain response)
1. Federal
2. State
.3. County
4. Town
5. City or village
6. Unspecified locale
8. D.K.
9. N/R
Household
Farm
Business
195
-------
8
On CARD 12 is a list of possible sources of pollution.
31. Which THREE of the following sources do you think contribute most to the
pollution in the Black Creek. (Let respondent pick three)
1. Silt
2. Farm and other animal wastes
3. Kitchen and laundry waste water
A. Farm runoff of fertilizer and pesticides
5. Rubbish and trash
6. Sewage (O.K.=8; N/R=9)
7. Wastes from commerce and industry
32. Now, please rank these three sources you just selected as the first.
second and third most important causes.
# First most important cause
# Second most important cause
# Third most important cause
(TURN TO CARD 13)
33. Would you agree or disagree with the following statements about your
community or area.
Don't Dis-
Agree Know Agree
a. The people of this community are usually quick to
respond when problems arise requiring action. 123
b. This community is like a house divided against itself. 1 2 3
c. This community is well organized for continuing
development. 12 3
d. People here don't care enough about this community to
do anything about it. 123
e. Groups and organizations with different interests work
together in this community rather than fighting among
themselves. 123
f. Spending money for soil and water development is a
good investment. 123
g. The watershed program is being pushed too hard in
this county. 123
196
-------
(TURN TO CARD 14)
34. What facilities do you have for sewage waste disposal from your toilets?
Septic tank only
Septic tank and drainfield
Cesspool/dry well
Septic tank with dry well
0,
1
2
3,
4. Pipe to ditch or creek
5. Outhouse or equivalent
6. Hooked into town or municipal
system
7. Other .
8. D.K.
9. N/R
(Continue if 0,1,2,3 - Otherwise go to 37)
(TURN TO CARD 15)
35. How long has it been since you last had your septic tank pumped out?
0. Never
1. Less than 1 year ago
2. Within 2 years
3. Within 3 years
4. Within 5 years
5. With 10 years
6. More than 10 years ago
7. N/A
8. D.K.
9. N/R
(TURN TO CARD 16)
36. How far is your septic tank from your water source?
1. Under 30 feet
2. 30-49 feet
3. 50-74 feet
4. 75-149 feet
5. 150 feet or more
7. N/A
8. D.K.
9. N/R
(TURN TO CARD 17)
37. In your opinion, how adequate is sewage disposal in this area?
refers to Basin, show map)
(Area
1. Completely adequate
2. Adequate
3. Inadequate
4. Completely inadequate
8. D.K.
9. N/R
(TURN TO CARD 18A)
38. What is your overall reaction to the program of soil and water conservation
and management in your county? (Please, check one)
5. There is no program.
4. It is not a very good program.
3. Undecided
2. It is a good program.
1. It is an excellent program.
39. Would you be willing to give up the right to develop a part of your land
in order to preserve scenic beauty near a stream?
1. No
2. Yes
7. N/A
8. D.K.
197
-------
40. A recent practice by some landowners is to open their land to hunters.
These hunters pay the landowner for the right to hunt on his property.
Would you approve or disapprove of fee hunting on your property?
Approve
Disapprove (Why?
IV Watershed Program: Knowledge and Contact
41. Are you familiar with the Black Creek Demonstration Project in this county?
1. Yes (ask questions in this section)
2. No (proceed to question 51)
42. What is this project?
43. What agencies and groups are involved in this project and what does
each do? \
Agencies
Agencies Role in Project
44. What things about this project are of the greatest interest to you person-
ally? Also, indicate why these are of special interest to you.
a. What has interested you the most? b. Reason for interest
(TURN TO CARD 18B)
45. From what you know about the program, what is your overall reaction
toward it? (Check)
198
It is an excellent program.
It is a good program.
Undecided - No opinion
It is not a very good program.
It is not a good program at all.
-------
11
46. Has this program been (or will it be) of direct benefit to you, your
farm or your family in any way?
1. Yes 2. No
If yes, ask: How? — —
47. Has it (will it) affect you in any other way?
1. Yes 2. No
If yes, ask: How? ... ,—
48. Has this program been (or will it be) of direct benefit to the community?
1. Yes 2. No
If yes, ask: How? — —•
49. Has any agency official or anyone else contacted you about allowing your
land to be considered in any way in this program?
1. Yes 2. No
IF YES, ASK:
Person or Agent For What
Contacting You Purpose Results
199
-------
12
50. Have you participated in any way in planning or implementing this project?
1. Yes 2. No
If yes, ask: What specifically did you do and why?
(TURN TO CARD 19)
51. Please indicate whether you would agree or disagree with each of the
following statements about the Black Creek Project.
Don't Dis-
Agree Know Agree
a. Almost everyone in this area will be benefited from
this demonstration project. 12 3
b. Most of the major decisions in the demonstration
project should be made by the people with profession-
al and technical training in water and soil manage-
ment. 123
c. A key to sucess in watershed planning should be to
pay careful attention to the wishes and opinions
of those who will be affected. 123
(TURN TO CARD 20)
52. How effective do you think that pollution control for Black Creek is now?
1. Excellent 5. Very poor
2. Good 6. Isn't any
3. Fair 8. D?K.
4. Poor 9. N/R
(TURN TO CARD 21)
53. Which do you think is the better way to get people to cooperate in help-
ing to protect water quality in the Black Creek, by education, financial
incentives or by laws and controls?
1. Education 8. O.K.
2. Financial Incentives 9. N/R
3. Laws and Controls
4. Other (specify) .
54. Suppose a Pollution Control Board were established for this area. (Show
basin map) Who would you like to see named to that board? (Probe for three
names)
1.
2.
200 3.
-------
V Contact with Agencies
(TURN TO CARD 22) , ,, , . ,
55 What contacts have you had since January 1, 1973 with the following agencies?
By contacts, we mean have any of these agencies contacted you or have you
contacted any of them for services.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g-
h.
i.
j.
k.
1.
m.
n.
o.
Agency
Agricultural Extension Agents
C County, Home Demonstration and 4-H)
Agricultural Stabilization and
Conservation Service
Farmers Home Administration
Federal Crop Insurance
Soi 1 Conservation Service
Allen County Soil and Water
Conservation District
Vocational Agricultural De-
partment (Vo.Ag. and Home
Economics Teachers)
Indiana Employment Service
rviiin<--ir Hoolf-Vi T5pnarf-m*>nt
U S. Army Corps of Engineers
Ponnfy Commissioners
f>inry Council members
pppartment of Natural Resources
Purdue University
None
T
Once or
Twice
More than
Three Times
ft
56. How many groups and organization do you belong to, like clubs, fraternal
orders, professional associations, civic groups, farm organization, etc.
Please do not include church membership and labor unions.
(Number of organization)
(Write "0" if none and go to question 53a)
57. In how many of these organizationshave you served as an officer or
committee chairman during the past five years?
(Number of Organizations)
(Write "0" if none)
201
-------
14
VI Land Practices
Next, I would like to ask you about various agricultural and conservation
practices you may or may not be using on your land.
(TURN TO CARD 24A) ' '
58a . Are you currently using a conservation cropping system?
Growing crops in combination with needed cultural and management
measures. Cropping systems include rotations that contain grasses
and legumes as well as rotations in which the desired benefits are
achieved without the use of such crops.
1. Yea (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5. N/R
A. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practice. Hns
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved the: (Road each
reason, then circle response)
B. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might have used this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the:
. (Read each reason, then circle response)
C. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might consider usl.np,
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Economic return
Impact of Practice
Produced
Hindered No ChnnRC Improved
12 3
(increase) (reduce)
12 3
Time required to do your work
General appearance of your
land (looks)
(more time)
(less time)
202
-------
15
(TURN TO CARD 24A)
58b. Are you currently using contour (in general, cross slope) farming?
Fanning sloping cultivate land in such a way that plowing
preparing and planting, and cultivating are done on the
contour. (This includes following established grades of
terraces, diversions or contour strips.)
1. Yes (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5. N/R
C.
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practice. Has
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved the: (Read each
reason, then circle response)
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might have used this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the:
(Read each reason, then circle response)
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might consider using
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Kr-onoml c return
Impact of Prac
Produced
Hindered No Change
1 2
(increase)
1 2
tice
Improved
3
(reduce )
3
Time required to do your work
General appearance of your
land (looks)
(more time)
(less time)
203
-------
16
(TURN TO CARD 24A)
5Pc. Are you currently using crop residue management?
Using plant residues to protect cultivated fieIds during critical
erosion periods.
1. Yes (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5. N/R
A. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practice, lias
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved the: (Read each
reason, then circle response)
B. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might have used this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the:
(Read each reason, then circle response)
C. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might consider using
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Impact of Practice
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Economic return
Time reciuired to do vour work
Hindered
1
(increase)
1
1
Produced
No Change
2
2
2
Improved
3
(reduce)
3
3
(more time)
(less time)
General appearance of your
land (looks)
204
-------
17
(TURN TO CARD 24A)
58d. Are you currently using farmstead and feedlot windbreaks?
A belt of trees or shrubs established next to a farmstead or feedlot.
1. Yes (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5. N/R '
A. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practice, lias
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved the: (Read each
reason, then circle response)
B. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might have used this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the:
(Read each reason, then circle response)
C. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might consider using
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Impact of Practice
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Economic return
Produced
Hindered No Change
1 2
(increase)
1 2
Improved
3
(reduce )
3
Time required to do your work
General appearance of your
land (looks)
(more time)
(less time)
205
-------
18
(TURN TO CARD 24A)
58e. Are you currently using a field border?
A border or strip of perennial vegetation established at the edge of
a field by planting or by converting from trees to herbaceous
vegetation or shrubs.
1-. Yes (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5. N/R
A. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practice. Has
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved the: (Read cacli
reason, then circle response)
B. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might have used this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the:
(Read each reason, then circle response)
C. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might consider using
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Impact of Practice
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Economic return
Produced
Hindered No Change
1 2
(increase)
1 2
Improved
3
(reduce )
3
Time required to do your work
General appearance of your
land (looks)
(more time)
(less time)
206
-------
19
(TURN TO CARD 24A)
58f. Are you currently using field windbreak?
A strip or belt of trees or shrubs established to reduce wind erosion.
1. Yes (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5. N/R
C.
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practic*. lias
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved the: (Read each
reason, then circle response)
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might have used this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the:
(Read each reason, then circle response)
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might consider using
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Impact of Practice
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Economic return
Produced
Hindered No ChanRe
1 2
(increase)
1 2
Improved
3
(reduce)
3
Time required to do your work
General appearance of your
land (looks)
(more time)
(less time)
207
-------
20
(TURN TO CARD 24 A)
58g. Are you currently using grade stabilization structures?
A structure to stabilize the grade or to control head cutting in natural
or artificial channels. (Does not include stream channel improvement,
streambank protection, diversion or structure for water control.)
1. Yes (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5. N/R
A. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practice, ({as
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved the: (Road cacli
reason, then circle response)
B.
C.
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might have used this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the:
(Read each reason, then circle response)
On CARD 24B ie a list of possible reasons why you might consider using
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Impact of Practice
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Economic return
Produced
Hindered No Chan«e
1 2
(increase)
1 2
Improved
3
(reduce)
3
Time required to do your work
General appearance of your
land (looks)
(more time)
(less time)
208
-------
21
(TURN TO CARD 24A)
58h. Are you currently using grassed waterway or outlet"
A natural or constructed waterway or outlet shaped or graded and
established in vegetation suitable to safely dispose of runoff
from a field, diversion, terrace or other structure.
1. Yes (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5. N/R
A. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practicff. lias
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved the: (Read each
reason, then circle response)
B. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might have used this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the:
(Read each reason, then circle response)
C. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might consider using
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Impact of Practice
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Economic return
Produced
Hindered No Change
1 2
(increase)
1 2
Improved
3
(reduce)
3
Time required to do your work
General appearance of your
land (looks)
(more t ime)
(leas time)
209
-------
22
(TURN TO CARD 24A)
58i. Are you currently using holding ponds and tanks?
A fabricated structure or one made by constructing a pit dam or
embankment for temporary storage of animal or agricultural wastes.,
associated runoff and waste water.
1. Yes (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5. N/R
A.
B,
C.
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practice. lias
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved the: (Read each
reason, then circle response)
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might have used this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the:
(Read each reason, then circle response)
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might consider using
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Economic return
Time required to do your work
Hindered
1
(increase )
1
1
(more time)
Impact of Prac
Produced
No Change
2
2
2
tice
Improved
3
(reduce )
3
- 3
(less time)
General appearance of your
land (looks)
210
-------
23
(TURN TO CARD 24A)
58j. Are you currently using land smoothing?
Removing irregularities on the land surface by use of special
equipment.
1. Yes (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5. N/R
A. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practice^ Has
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved the: (Road each
reason, then circle response)
B. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might have used this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the:
(Read each reason, then circle response)
C. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might consider using
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Economic return
Impact of Practice
Produced
Hindered No Change Improved
1 23
(increase) (reduce)
12 3
Time required to do your work
General appearance of your
land (looks)
(more time)
(less time)
211
-------
24
(TURN TO CARD 24A)
58k. Are you currently using livestock exclusion?
Excluding livestock from an area where grazing ie not wanted (forest
land, woodlots, stream channels and banks).
1. Yes (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5. N/R
A. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practice, lias
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved the: (Read each
reason, then circle response)
B. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might have used this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the:
(Read each reason, then circle response)
C. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might consider using
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Impact of Practice
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Economic return
Time required to do your work
General appearance of your
land (looks)
Hindered
1
(increase)
1
1
(more time)
1
Produced
No Change
2
2
2
2
Improved
3
(reduce )
3
3
(less time)
3
212
-------
25
(TURN TO CARD 24A)
581. Are you currently using a pond?
A water impoundment made by constructing a dam across a water-
course or a natural basin, or by excavating a pit or "dugout",
(Such ponds do not include spring development or irrigation
reservoirs.)
1. Yes (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5. N/R
A.
B.
C.
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practice, lias
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved the: (Kcad each
reason, then circle response)
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might have ueed this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the:
(Read each reason, then circle response)
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might consider using
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Impact of Practice
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Economic return
Produced
Hindered No Change
1 2
(increase)
1 2
Improved
3
(reduce)
3
Time required to do your work
General appearance of your
land (looks)
(more t ime)
3
(less time)
213
-------
26
(TURN TO CARD 24A)
58m. Are you currently using stripcropping?
Growing crops in a systematic arrangement of strips or bands on the
contour to reduce erosion.
1. Yes (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5. N/R
A.
B.
C.
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practice. lias
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved Liu:: (Head each
reason, then circle response)
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you wight have used this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the: :
(Read each reason, then circle response)
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might consider using
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Impact of Prnet ice
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Economic return
Hindered
1
(increase)
1
Produced
No Chanju;
2
2
Improved
3
(reduce )
3
Time required to do your work
General appearance of your
land (looks)
(more t ime)
(less time)
214
-------
27
(TURN TO CARD 2AA)
58n. Are you currently using surface drains?
A graded channel for collecting excess water within a field. This
does not include grassed waterway ro outlet.
1. Yes (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5. N/R
C.
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practice, lias
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved the: (Read each
reason, then circle response)
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might huvc used this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the:
(Read each reason, then circle response)
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might consider using
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Economic return
Impact of Prac
Produced
Hindered No Change
1 2
(inci'ease )
1 2
tice
Improved
3
(ri-ducc)
3
Time required to do your work
General appearance of your
land (looks)
(more time)
3
(lees time)
215
-------
28
(TURN TO CARD 24A)
58o. Are you currently using tile drains?
A conduit, such as tile, pipe or tubing, installed beneath ground
surface and which collects and/or conveys drainage water.
1. Yes (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5.. N/R
A. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practicft. Has
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved the: (Kcad each
reason, then circle response)
B. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might have used this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the:
(Read each reason, then circle response)
C.
On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might consider using
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Economic return
Hindered
1
(increase)
1
Impact of Practi
Produced
No Change
2
2
ce
Improved
3
(reduce)
3
Time required to do your work
General appearance of your
land (looks)
(more time)
(less time)
216
-------
29
(TURN TO CARD 24A)
58p. Are you currently using tree planting?
Planting tree seedlings or cuttings.
1. Yes (Ask A)
2. No, but have used it (Ask B)
3. No, never used it (Ask C)
4. N/A
5. N/R
A. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons for using this practice. Has
this practice hindered, produced no change or improved the: (Read ouch
reason, then circle response)
B. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might have used this
practice. Did this practice hinder, produce no change or improve the:
. (Read each reason, then circle response)
C. On CARD 24B is a list of possible reasons why you might consider using
this practice. Do you think this practice would hinder, produce no
change or improve the: (Read each reason, then circle response)
Reason for Use
Reduction of soil runoff
and erosion
Economic return
Hindered
1
(i ncrease )
1
Impact of Practi
Produced
No Change
2
2
CO
Improved
3
(reduce )
)
Time required to do your work
C: iieral appearance of your
la-.vJ (looks)
(more time)
3
(less time)
217
-------
30
(TURN TO CARD 25A)
58q. L Which of the following tillage practices are you
1. Presently using
2. Have used cr
3. Never used on your farm?
A.
Primary Tillage Practices
for Row Crops
Moldboard
Plowing
1
2
3
Chisel
Plowing
1
2
3
Double
Discing
1
2
3
B.
Preplant disc 6r
Harrowing
None
1
2
3
Once
1
2
3
More than
One trip
1
2
3
C.
Plant in Residue
without Plowing
With a sweep
before planter
(oats , corn)
1
2
3
With a fluted
coulter before
planter
1
2
3
2. Where answer is YES,(T)above, indicate for each practice, the proportion
of your land you used it on.
A. Primary Tillage
Moldboard
Plowing
Chisel
Plowing
Double
Discing
B. Preplant
None
Once
More than
One trip
C. Plant in Residue
With a
Sweep
(. Totals 100 ) ( Totals 100 ) ( Less
With a
Fluted Coultei
Than 100% )
(TURN TO CARD 25B) ,-,
3. Where answer above is N0,(3j please indicate for those practices whether
you have (1) no interest in learning more of the practice, (2) gome
interest in learning of the practice, or (3) definitely interested in
learning more about the practice.
No inter
Some
Definite
A. Primal
Moldboard
Plowing
est 1
2
3
Interest
i
?1 R '
f Tillage
Chisel
Plowing
1
2
3
Doub le
Discing
1
2
3
B. Preplant
None
1
2
3
Once
1
2
3
More than
One trip
1
2
3
C. Plant in Residue
With a
Sweep
1
2
3
With a
Fluted Coulter
1
2
3
-------
(TURN TO CARD 25A)
58r- The last practice concerns first, your permanent pastures, and second, your rotation of hay and
pastureland. For your permanent pastures please indicate which of the following practices you
are :
1. presently using
2. have used
3. never used
Liming
1
2
3
Fertilizing
or Manuring
1
2
3
Renovation to improve
composition (grass &
legumes)
1
2
3
Limit Number
of animals
1
2
3
Change Water
distribution
(pond, stock
tank)
1
2
3
Defer grazing in
spring or fall to
allow regrowth
1
2
3
Brush Control
Hand
1
2
3
Use a
Herbicide
1
2
3
(TURN TO CARD 25A)
(2) For your rotation of hay and pastureland, which of the following practices are you;
1. presently using
2. have used
3. never used
Liming
1
2
3
Fertilizing after
1st or 2nd cutting
1
2
3
Make 1st and
2nd cuttings
early
(quality)
1
2
3
Defer last cutting
and graze or cut
after frost
(regrowth)
1
2
3
Change water dis-
tribution (pond,
stocktank, etc)
increase movement
and utilization
1
2
0
3
Defer spring grazing
to allow regrowth
1
2
3
VD
-------
32
VIII Personal and Family Characteristics
59- Sex of respondent
1. Male 2. Female
60. Your present age: _ _years
61- Your present marital status:
1. Never married 4. Separated
2. Married 5. Widowed
3 . Divorced 9 1
(TURN TO CARD 26)
62 . Which is the highest level of education that you have completed?
01. No formal education 06. Some college
02. Some grade school 07. Complete college (major
03. Completed grade school -
04. Some high school 08. Some graduate work --
05. Completed high school 99. N/R
63 . Place of birth __ _
County State
64- How long have you lived here? (If fll
t>5 . Where have you lived including present location?
£2wn County. State. From (year) To (year)
!• Alj_en_ Indiana 1974.
2.
3.
4.
66
What is your present occupation?
1. Farming
2 . Non farm (specify")
220
-------
33
67. Do you have additional (farm, off-farm) employment?
1. No .
2. Yes (specify)
68. Does your spouse work outside the home?
1. No
2. Yes
(TURN TO CARD 2 7)
69. What percent of your total 1973 family income came from:
Present occupation
Additional employment
Spouses occupation
1007*
(TURN TO CARD 28)
70. Please tell me the category of your total gross family income for 1973
1. Less than $3,000
2. 3,000 to 4,999
3. 5,000 to 6,999
4. 7,000 to 9,999
5. 10,000 to 12,999
6. 13,000 to 15,999
7. 16,000 to 19,999
8. 20,000 to 24,999
9. 25,000 to 29,999
10. Over $30,000
71. Who do you think is well respected in this area (Show map of Project
Boundaries) for his general agricultural practices and abilities?
(Interviewer, Probe)
Name:
72. Have you ever approached this person for agricultural advice?
1.
2.
Yes
No
8.
9.
O.K.
N/R
221
-------
34
73. Number of years you have been in farming years.
74. Do you expect that your farm will remain in family hands after you
retire?
1. Yes
2. No (what are your plans?)
8. D.K.
9. N/R
75t May I have your name and address in case my supervisor would like to
verify this interview.
Name
Address
City
Zip Phone
Thank you for your cooperation
222
-------
Economic and Behavioral Aspects of
Sediment Control in the Black
Creek Basin
Soclo-Economic Phase
Purdue University
Department of
Agricultural Economics
February, 1976
Schedule Number
Township
Section Number
Lot Number
Interviewers Maine2
Date of Interview Completion:
Land Recorded in Name of
INTRODUCTION:
HELLO I My name is _ . I am working with Purdue University
and local organizations on an environmental project In Allen County.. We interviewed
farmers in this area two years ago and we are nox>j interested in learning what changes
have occurred in the past two years. All the information you give in this interview
will be treated as STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL and will never be identified with you per-
sonally. The interview will take about 2 hours.
(Note: The name is the landowner and this individual may be a renter, in which case
the renter should be interviewed).
DATE
TIME
RESULTS AND SUGGESTIONS
FIRST CALL
SECOND CALL
THIRD CALL
223
-------
I. General Information
First, I would like to ask you about the land you farmed during the 1975 crop year.
1. Total Acres Farmed
2. Of this total, how many acres do you rent from others? ___^_____
Of the total acres you personally farm, how many are in each of the following categories:
3. Acres in crops . . . . . 6. Acres in wild-life and recreation
4. Acres in woodland _ r—• — r n—., ,.
7. Acres in other ^buildings, roads, lanes,
5. Acres in pasture feedlots, etc.)
The next series of questions relate to the production practices you used for eahh crop
produced during 1974-75 crop season. (If any operations are not perforiaed annually
note in margin how often they areperforraed,e.g. applied agriculture limestone every
5 years).
CORN FOR GRAIN
8. Acres grown in 1975
9. Yield per acre
10. Is yield information based on estimate? measured weight?
11. Varieties of seeds used
12. What operations did you perform in the Fall of 1974 or the Spring of 1975 to prepare
the land for planting? (e.g. moldboard plow, chisel plow, disk, fertilizer, etc.)
(Indicate whether Spring or Fall)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
13. What operations did you perform at planting time? (e.g. plant, apply fertilizer, appl;
herbicide, apply insecticide, etc.)
f.
g-
h.
i.
14. What operations did you perform after planting? (e.g. cultivation, fertilizer applic.
tion, herbicide application)
j.
k.
1.
ra.
224
-------
15. What operations did you perform in harvesting the crop? (e.g. picker, combine)
n.
o.
16. For each field operation listed above indicate the type and size of equipment used,
the power source, and the field rate of operation.
Type and Size of Equipment
(e.g., John Deere.Mounted 6 Bottom 16" Plow
Horse drawn, 6' Double Disk
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g-
h.
i.
j.
k.
1.
m.
n.
o.
Power Source
(Model # 'or H.F.)
J.D. 4020 Diesel
6 Horse Team
Field Rate
5 Acres/Hr.
0.5 Acres/hr)
17. Chemical application
operation above, fertilizer analysis
operation above, fertilizer analysis
operation above, fertilizer analysis
operation above, herbicide brand
___ operation above, herbicide brand
operation above, insecticide -brand
operation above,insecticide brand
- -"" "operation above, fungicide brand
operation above, spread manure
lbs» per acre
lbs.» ^.er acre
lba« per acre
Ibs .-orqts .;• /acre_
Ibs ..orqts . / acre
_lbs . orqts. /acre
Loads,
acres in field
-CORN FOR SILAGE-
18. Acres grown in 1975 ..^
19. Yield per acre : _
20. Is yield information based on
21. Varieties of seeds used
estimate?
measured weight?
225
-------
22. What operations did you perform in the Fall of 1974 or the Spring of 1975 to prepare
the land for planting?
a.
b.
c.
23. What operations did you perform at planting time?
d.
e.
f.
24. What operations did you perform after planting?
g-
h.
i,
25. What operations did you perform in harvesting the crop?
J.
k.
26. For each field operation listed above indicate the type and size of equipment used,
the power source, and the field rate of operation.
Type and Size of Equipment Power Source Field Rate
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g-
h.
i.
j.
k.
17. Chemical application
operation above, fertilizer analysis : Ibs. per acre
_ operation above, fertilizer analysis Ibs. per acre
operation above, fertilizer analysis Ibs. per acre
operation above, herbicide brand Ibs.or qts./acre
operation above, herbicide brand Ibs-.or qts./acre
operations above,insecticide brand ^__lbs.or qts./acre
operation above, insecticide brand , ' Ibs tor qts./acre
operation above, fungicide brand _ _^____ _ Ibs.or qts./acre
226 ' '
-------
-SOYBEANS-
28. Acres grown in 1975
29. Yield per acre _
30. Is yield information based on estimate? measured weight?
31. Varieties of seeds used
32. What operations did you perform in the Fall of 1974 or the Spring of 1975 to prepare
the land for planting?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
33. What operations did you perform at planting time?
f.
8-
h.
i.
34. What operations did you perform after planting?
j.
k.
1.
m.
35. What operations did you perform in harvesting the crop?
n.
o.
36. For each field operation listed above indicate the type and size of equipment used,
the power source, and the field rate of operation.
Type and Size of Equipment Power Source Field Rate
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g-
h.
i.
J.
k.
1.
m. 227
n.
-------
37,
38.
39,
40.
41.
42.
Chemical application
operation above, fertilizer analysis
operation above, fertilizer analysis
operation above, fertilizer analysis
operation above, herbicide brand
operation above, herbicide brand
operation above, insecticide brand
operation above, insecticide-brand
operation above, fungicide brand
operation above, spread manure
Ibs. per acre
Ibs. per acre
Ibs. per acre
Ibs.or qts./acre
Ibs.or qts./acre
Ibs.orqts./acre
Ibs.or qts/acre
Ibs.or qts./acre
loads,
acres in field
Acres grown in 1975
Yield per acre
-DOUBLECROPPED 'SOYBEANS—7
Following what 1975 crop
Is yield information based on
Varities of seeds used
estimates?
x \ \
\
-—r—'—r • < " '—'—'-—
measured weight?
What operations did you perform in the Fall of 1974 or the Spring of 1975 to
prepare the land for planting?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
43. What operations did you perform at planting time?
f.
8-
h.
i.
44. What operations did you perform after planting?
j,
k.
1.
m.
45. What operations did you perform in harvesting the crop?
n.
o.
46. For each field operation listed above, indicate, the. type and size of equipment
used, the power source, and the-field rate of operation.
Type and Size of Equipment Power Source Field Rate
228
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g-
h.
i.
-------
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
J-
k.
1.
m.
n.
o.
Chemical application
operation above, fertilizer analysis
operation above, fertilizer analysis
operation above, fertilizer analysis
operation above, herbicide brand
operation above, herbicide brand
operation above, insecticide brand
operation above, insecticide brand •
operation above, fungicide brand
operation above, spread manure
Ibs. per acre
Ibs .. per acre
per acre
Ibs. or. qts./acre
Ibs. or qts./acre
Ibs .or qts . /acre
Ibs. or qts./acre
Ibs. or qts . /acre
toads,
acres in field
Acres grown in 1975 ••
Yield per acre __^_____
Is yield information based on
Varieties of seeds used
-WHEAT-
estimate?
measured weight?
53.
What operations did you perform in the Fall of 1974 or Spring of 1975 to prepare
the land for planting?
a.
b.
c .
d.
e,
What operations did you perform at planting time?
*,.
8-
h.
i.
54. What operations did you perform after planting?
k.
1.
m.
55. What operations did you perform in harvesting the crop?
n.
o.
229
-------
56. For each field operation listed above indicate the type and size of equipment used,
the power source, and the field rate of operation.
Type and Size of Equipment
Power Source
Field Rate
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
S.
h.
i.
j.
k.
1.
m.
n.
o.
57
58.
59,
60,
61.
62.
63,
Chemical Application
operation above, fertilizer analysis
operation above, fertilizer analysis
operation above, fertilizer analysis
operation above, herbicide brand
operation above, herbicide brand
operation above, insecticide brand
operation above, insecticide brand -
operation above,fungicide brand
operation above, spread manure,
loads,
Acres grown in 1975
Yield per acre
-OATS-
lbs.?er acre
Ibe.per acre
Ibs.per acre
Ibs.or qts./acre
Ibs.or qts./acre
Ibs .-or qts. /acre
Ibs.or -qts./acre
Ibs.or qts./acre
acres in field
Is yield information based on estimate?_
Varieties of seeds used
measured weight?
What operations did you perform in the Fall of 1974 or Spring of 1975 to prepare
the land for planting?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
What operations did you perform at planting time?
f.
g.
h.
i.
230
-------
64. What operations did you perform after planting?
k.
1.
m.
65. What
n.
o.
operations did you perform in harvesting the crop?
66. For
the
each field operation listed above, indicate the type and size of equipment usec
power source, and the field rate of operation.
Type and Size of Equipment Power Source Field Rate
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g-
h.
i.
J-
k.
1.
m.
n.
o.
67. Chemical Application
operation above, fertilizer analysis
operation above, fertilizer analysis
operation above, fertilizer analysis
• • r—^ t—
J operation above, herbicide brand
operation above, herbicide brand
operation above, Insecticide .brand
^ operation above, in,s.e,ctici4e b.ran4
operation above, fungicide brand
operation above, spread manure
-HAY-
68.
69.
70.
71.
Acres grown in 1975
Yield per acre
Is yield information based on estimate?
Varieties of seed used
Ibs.per acre ___
Ibs.per acre
Ibs.per acre
Ibs.or qts./acre
Ibs.or qts./acre
Ibs.or qts./acie
J.bs.or qts./acce_
Ibs.or qts./acre
loads,
acres in field
measured tons??
231
-------
72. What operations did you perform to care for or harvest the crop (e.g. applied
fertilizer, baled hay)
a.
b.
c.
d
73 For each field operation listed above indicate the type and size of equipment
used, the power source, and the field rate of operation.
Type and Size of^guipjer^. Power Source Field Rate
a.
b.
c.
d.
74. Chemical Application
operation above, fertilizer analysis Tons Per acre
operation above, herbicide kind _ #*s Per acre
. OTHER CROPS (SPECIFY)
75 . Acres grown in 1975
76 . Yield per acre _ ,—.—
77. Is yield information based on estimate? measured tons? _
78 . Varieties of seed used , __
79 . What operations did you perform to care for or harvest the crop?
a. i
b.
c.
80 For each field operation listed above, indicate the type and size of equipment used,
the power source, and the field rate of operation.
Tvpgjmd Size of Equipment Power Source Field.
a.
c.
d.
81 . Chemical Application
Tons
__ operation above, fertilizer analysis —_J ( r, , t , t .
operation above, herbicide kind ' ,.,—__— —«- S per
232
-------
-PASTURE-
82 . Acres grown in 1975
83. Yield per acre
84 . Is yield information based on estimate? measured tons?
85 . Varieties of seed used
86. What operations did you perform to care for or harvest the crop? (e.g. applied
fertilizer, baled hay)
a.
b.
c.
d-
. For each field operation listed above, indicate the type and size of equipment used,
the power source, and the field rate of operation.
Type and Size of- Equipment Power Source Field Rate
a.
b.
c.
d.
87.. Chemical application
operation above, fertilizer analysis Tons per acre
x operation above, herbicide kind ff*s per acre _
Farm Labor
88. How many year-round full-time people work on your farm? (Include yourself, family
members not in school, others)
89. How many, excluding yourself, are paid?
90. How much part-time labor do you use on your farm? (in days)? (Consider 8 hours a day)
91. How many days are paid? ____^_______
92. During what particular seasons are these people employed (e.g., planting, harvest,
year-round)? ^ ,_
93. On the average, how many hours a day are spent on the livestock chores (e.g., 2
people, 3 hrs./day = 6 hrs. total)? hrs.
Livestock
94. How many of the following animals do you have?
a. Horses e* Hogs
b. Beef cows f. Sheep
c. Calves g. Chickens
d. Milk cows h. Other (please specify)
-------
95. What is the ration of the adult animals (include calves) (e.g. Horses: 5 Ibs
oats & pasture)
a. Horses
b. Beef cows
c. Calves
d. Milk Cows
e. Hogs
f. Sheep
g. Chickens
h. Other
96. How much grain storing capacity do you have available?
Earn corn storage for bu.
Shelled corn storage for bu.
Other (please specify) bu.
97. Do you have grain drying facilities? Yes _____ No
97a. If Yes, what is capacity in bu. per hour? (10% points of moisture)
Do you have other fa
questionnaire? Yes
If Yes, please list:
Do you have other farming equipment which has not been previously listed in this
questionnaire? Yes No
Attitude Toward Soil and Water Conservation
98. Have you established a conservation plan with the Soil and Water Conservation Distric
Office during the past 2 years?
99. I will now read a list of activities you might encounter while working with your
land. Where do you go, or who would you seek out for information when you have
a problem with: ,, . _ ,
Small A Local
Handle it Friend or Business or Government
Myself Neighbor Professional Agency N/R
(Co-op, vet) (SCS, CES)
Crop disease 12 3 40
Insect control 12 3 40
Machinery 12 3 40
Livestock 12 3 40
Crop rotation - 123 40
Farm Management 12 3 40
Soil Management 12 3 40
Fertilizer usage 12 3 4 0
New crop varieties 12 3 40
Non farm land uses 12 3 40
Potential pollution 12 3 40
Minimum tillage 12 3 40
Drainage 12 3 4 0
234Trr"l<*nMon 12 3 40
-------
100 Now, we would like to get your opinion on several statements and ask whether you
agree or disagree with each. There are, of course, no "right1 or Wong answers.
.a. Conservation of soil is a real problem in this
Don' t
Know Disagree
8 3
area.
b. The average landowner in this county stands to
lose more than he will gain by soil and water 1 8 3
development programs.
c. The cost of soil erosion reducing practices (e.g.
field borders, grassed waterways) should be borne 18 3
entirely by those who adopt them.
d. The federal government should play an important
role in soil conservation programs in this county. 1
e. Pollution of the streams is a major problem in 18 3
this country.
f. Landowners have little opportunity to express
their opinions in planning watershed projects. 10
101. I will read several statements. Please tell me whether you strongly disagree,
disagree, agree, or strongly agree with each statement.
S.D. p_._ P.K. A._ S.A.
a. Even considering the cost, all available pollution
control technique should be used. 548/1
b. Federal taxation to clean up our water completely
i/ouldn' t be too expensive to consider. 54821
c. It is very important to clean up the environment. 54821
III. Attitudes Toward Local Community and County
102. Suppose a watershed protection district were declared for this area. Would you
be in favor of specific standards for households, farms, communities, and indus-
tries to control pollution?
1 Strongly favor 5 Strongly against
2 Favor 8 D.K.
3 Neutral 0 N/R
4 Against
103 Who should pay for the efforts in this district to control pollution? Please
indicate the percentage of payment by each group. (Take 100 points and distribute
between Federal, State and Local).
% Federal + % State + % Local, including % by owner * 100%
235
-------
13
104. Which THREE of the following sources do you think contribute most of the pollution
in the Black Creek. (Let respondent pick three)
«-, a< Silt ja. Rubbish and trash
_ b. Farm and other animal wastes '_ f Sewage
m 5: £™« o^SiS" rter =3: Kaetes £ron —« - *«"••
pesticides (O.K.=8, N/R=0)
105. Now please rank these three sources you just selected as the first, second and
third most important causes. —
*
# _ F"st most important cause # ^ second most important cause
*. Third most important cause
106. Would you agree or disagree with the following statements about your cozumunity or
3.1763.. J
Don't
Agree Know Disagree
a. The people of this community are usually quick to re-
spond when problems arise requiring action. 18 3
b. This community is well organized. 183
c. People here don't care enough about this area to do any-
thing about its problems. 38 1
d. Spending money for soil and water development is a
good investment. 183
e. The watershed program is being pushed too hard in
this county. 38
107. What is your overall reaction to the program of soil and water conservation and
management in your county? (Please check one)
5. There is no program.
A. It is not a very good program.
3. Undecided
2. It is a good program.
1. It is an excellent program.
108. Would you be willing to give up the right to develop a part of your land in order
to preserve scenic beauty near a stream?
*•• No 7. N/A
2- Yes 8. O.K.
0. N/R
IV. Watershed Program: Knowledge and Contact
109. How familiar are you with the Black Creek Demonstration Project in this county?
i- ^ev" Jeard of lc' «• Contact w/ various project representatives.
2. Heard but no contact. 5. Much contact and participation.
3. Little Contract.
236
-------
14
110. From what you know of the program, what is your overall reaction toward it?
(Check)
It is an excellent program. (1) It is not a very good program. (3)
— It is a good program. (2) It is not a good program at all. (A)
~ Undecided-No opinion. (8)
111. How much have you participated in planning or implementing this prelect?
1. None 2. A little 3. Very much
112. If 2 or 3, how have you participated in the project?
113. If 2 or 3, Why did you participate in the project?
114. PLaase indicate whether you would agree or disagree with each of the following state-
ments about the Black Creek Project.
Don't
Agree Know Disagree
a. Almost everyone in this area will be benefited from
this demonstration project. 1 8 3
b. Most of the major decisions in the demonstration pro-
ject should be made by the people with professional
and technical training in water and soil management,, 183
c. A key to success in watershed planning should be to
pay careful attention to the wishes and opinions
of those who will be affected. 183
i
115, How effective do you think that pollution control for Black Creek is now?
1. Excellent 5. Very poor
2. Good 6. Isn't any
3. Fair 8, Donvt Know
4. Poor 0, N/R
116 v What do you think is the better way to get people to cooperate in helping to pro-
tect water quality in the Black Creek, by education, financial incentives or by
laws and controls?
1. Education 8. D.K.
2. Financial Incentives 0. N/R
3. Laws and Controls
4.' Other (specify) ^ ' • _; ; _ ' _ ....... \ '/ x, ', '.V,—-r-r-,—•—:—^ •:. ,—-«-
237
-------
15
117. Would you seek technical and financial assistance for using soil and water con-
servation practices (e.g., field borders, grassed waterways)? Yes No
118, Suppose a Pollution Control Borad were established for this area. (Show basin
map). Is there anyone you would like to see. named to that board. (PROBE).
Person's Name
V. Contacts with Agencies
119c What contacts have you had since January 1, 1975 with the following agencies? By
contacts, we mean have any of these agencies contacted you or have you contacted
any of them for services?
Once or More than
Agency None Twice Three Times
a. Agricultural Extension Agents ;
(County, Home Demonstration and 4-H^
b. Agricultural Stabilizatipn and
Conservation Service
c. Farmers Home Administration
d. Federal Crop Insurance
e. Soil Conservation Service
f. Allen County Soil and Water
Conservation District
g. Vocational Agricultural Department
(Vo. Ag. and Home Economic Teachers)
h. Indiana Employment Service
i. County Health Department
J. County Welfare Department
k. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
1. County Commissioners
n. County Council members
n. Department of Natural Resources
o. Purdue University
VI. Land Practices
120-. Are you currently using a conservation cropping system? {Growtoig crops in combinatiot
with needed cultural and management measures. Cropping systems include rotations
that contain grasses and legumes as well as rotations in wt^ich the desired benefits
are achieved without the use of such crops.)
a. Yes (Ask A)
b. No, but have used it (Ask B)
c. No, never used it (Ask Q)
238 d. N/A
e. N/R
-------
121. If yes, did you start using the practice as a result of the Black Creek Project?
Yes No
122 Are you currently using contour (in general, crqss slope) fanning? (Farming
sloping cultivate land in such a way that plowing preparing and planting, and
cultivating are done on the contour. This includes following established grades
of terraces, diversions or contour strips.)
a. Yes J_
b. No, but have used it .
c. No, never used it
d. N/A
e. N/R
123 . If yes, did you start using this practice as a result of the Black Creek Project?
Yes No
124.. Are you currently using crop residue management? (Using plant residues to protect
cultivated fields during critical erosion periods.)
a. Yes
b. No, but have used *«• /
c. No, never vjsed it
d. N/A '
e. N/R
125 . If yes, did you start using this practice as a result of the Black Creek Project?
Yes No ___
126 . Are you currently using farmstead and feedlct windbreaks? (A belt of trees or
shrubs established next to a farmstead or feedlot.)
a. Yes
b. No, but have used it
c. No, never used it
d. N/A
e. B/R
127' . If yes, did you start using this practice as a result of the Black Creek Project?
YeS _____ N° r-—---•
128 Are you currently using a field border? (A border or strip of perrenial vegetation
established at the edge of a field by planting or by convering from trees to
herbaceous vegetation or shnubs.)
a. Yes
b. No, but have used it
c. No, never used it .
d. N/A
e. N/R
129 . If yes, did you start using this practice as a result of the Black Creek Project?
Yes No _r___
—
-------
13.0. Are you currently using field windbreak? (A strip or belt of shrubs established
to reduce wind erosion.)
a. Yes
b. No, but have used it
c. No, never used it
d. N/A
e. N/R
131. If yes, did you start using t;his practice as a result of the Black Creek Project?
Yes No _____
132. Are you currently using grade stabilization structures? (A structure to stabilize
or to control head cutting in .natural or artificial channels. (Does not include
stream channel improvement, streambank protection, diversion or structure fqr water
control.)
• a'. . Yes •.•••••• '•'-'•(•••-:.•' •'•-.-.. -,
b. No, but have used it ,
c. No, never used it
d. N/A
e. N/R
133. If yes, did you start using this practice a,s a result of the Black Creek Project?
Yes No
134. Are you currently using grassed waterway or outlet? (A natural or constructed
waterway or outlet shaped or graded and established in vegetation suitable to
safely dispose of runoff from a field, diversion, terrace or other structure.
a. Yes
b. No, but have used it .
c. No, never used it
d. N/A
e. N/R
135. if yes, did you start using this practice as a result of the Black Creek Project?
Yes __ No
136. Are you currently using holding ponds or tanks? (A fabricated structure or one
made by constructing a pit dam or embankment for temporary storage of animal
of agricultural wastes, associated runoff and waste water)
a. Yes
b. No, but have used it
c. No, never used it
d. N/A
e. N/R
137'. If yes, did you start using this practice as a result of the Black Creek Project?
Yes No
240
-------
138, Are you currently using land smoothing? (Removing irregularities on the land surface
by use of special equipment.)
a. Yes,
b. No, but have used it
c. No, never used it
d. N/A
e. N/R
139 If yes, did you start using this practice as a result of the Black Creek Project?
Yes No
140 Are you currently using livestock exclusion? (Excluding livestock from an area
where grazing is not wanted (forest land, woodlots, stream channels and banks).
a. Yes
b. No, but have used it
c. No, never used it
d. N/A
e. N/R
141. If yes, did you start using this practice as a result of the Black Creek Project?
Yes t No _
H2 Are you currently using a pond? (A water impoundment made by constructing^ dam
across a watercourse or a natural basin, or by excavating a pit or dugout .
(Such ponds do not include spring development or irrigation reservoirs.))
a. Yes
b. No, but have used it
c. No, never used it
d. N/A
e. N/R
143. If yes, did you start using this practice as a result of the Black Creek Project?
Yes No
144 Are you currently using stripcropping? (Growing crops in a systematic arrange-
ment of strips or bands on the contour to reduce erosion.)
a. Yes,
b. No, but have used it
c. No, never used it
d. N/A
e. N/R
145. If yes, did you start using this practice as a result of the Black Creek Project?
Yes No _
146 Are you currently using surface drains? (A graded channel for collecting excess
water within a field. This does not include grassed waterways or outlet.
a. Yes,
b. No, but have used it
c. No, never used it
d. N/A
e. N/R 241
-------
147. If yes, did you start using this practice as a result of the Black Creek Project?
Yes No
148. Are you currently using tile drains? (A conduit, such as tile, pipe or tubing,
installed beneath ground surface and which collects and/or conveys drainage
water.)
a. Yes
b. No, but have used it
c. No, never used it
d. N/A
e. N/R
149. If yes, did you start using this practice as a result of the Black Creek Project?
Yes No
150. Are you currently using tree planting? (Planting tree seedlings or cuttings)
a. Yes
b. No, but have used it
c. No, never used it
d. N/A
e. N/R
151. If yes, did you start using this practice as a result of the Black Creek Project?
Yes No
152. All of us want certain things out of life. When you think about what really matters
to you, what are your wishes and hopes for the future? In other words, if you
imagined your future in the best possible light, what would you have achieved?
(Encourage respondent to think deeply and be explicit since this question is diffi-
cult to express.)
153. What would you consider to be a turn for the worse? In other words, what would
characterize the worst possible future?
242
-------
-20-
154. On a scale from one (low) to ten, rank your present level of satisfaction with
your life as a whole.
155. Similarly, on a scale from one (low) to ten, rank your life as you expect it to
be in five years. __
156. Suppose your income increased greatly, on what would you spend most of your money?
(e.g. vacation, community, farm)
157 a) Rank each of the following categories in their order of importance to you.
That is, assuming you had adequate income, rank them according to the amount
of time you would want to spend in each. (One is high)
family church community farming Other job
T-.— J — (if applicable)
b) What is your goal or aim for each category listed above? In other words, what
would you like to accomplish in each or what would you like that group to
accomplish?
Family
Church
Community
Farming
Other Job
158. Rank the following possible objectives in the order of their importance in the
way you operate your farm (one is high, seven is low). If you have other goals,
feel free to add them.
Stability of income
' ' ' High level of consumption
~~Fast increase in value or site of farm
Time for family and non-work activity
'^ Certainty of income
~~Condition of your farm (equipment, buildings, land)
' ' '' Greatest yields
Other:
159. Who do you think is well respected in this area for his general agricultural
practices and abilities? (Interviewer, probe for name)
Name
160. If given, have you gone to this person for agricultural advice? Yes No
161. Please tell me the category of your total gross income for 1975.
1. Less than $3,000 6.$13,000 to 15,999
2. 3,000 to 4,999 7. 16,000 to 19,999
3. 5,000 to 6,999 8. 20,000 to 24,000
4. 7,000 to 9,999 9. 25,000 to 29,000
5. 10,000 to 12,999 10. Over $30,000
-------
21
162. Do you have additional(farm, off-farm) employment? 1. No
Yes (specify)
163. What percent of your total 1975 family income came from:
Farming
Additional Employment
Spouse*s Occupation
100%
16A. What percentage of your farming income came from:
crops
livestock
Other
(Specify).
165. What do you consider to be the market value of your land per acre?
166. May I have your name and address in case my supervisor would like to verify this
interview?
Name
Address
City
Zip Code Phone
THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION
244
-------
DESCRIPTION OF VARIABLES
SCHNUM2* Schedule number
CARDNT3M2 Computer card number
INTERVU2 Interviewer
TYPEQ Type, of questionnaire (sociology or economics;
TOTACR2 Total acres farmed
ACRENT2 Acres rented
ACRCROP2 Acres in crops
ACRWOD2 Acres in woodland
ACRPAS2 Acres in pasture
ACRWILD2 Acres in wildlife and recreation
ACRI02 Acres in other (bldg, etc.)
CNGACR2 Acres of corn for grain
CNGYELD2 Yield per acre for grain
CNGN2 Lbs. of nitrogen/acre for grain
CNGP2 Lbs. of phosphorus/acre for grain
CNGK2 Lbs. of potash/acre for grain
CNSACR2 Acres of corn for silage
CNSN2 Lbs. of Nitrogen/acre for silage
CNSP2 Lbs. of Phosphorus/acre for silage
CNSK2 Lbs. of potash/acre for silage
SYBACR2 Acres of soybeans
SYBN2 Lbs. of nitrogen/acre for soybeans
SYBP2 Lbs. of phosphorus/acre for soybeans
SYBK2 Lbs. of potash/acre for soybeans
WHTACR2 Acres of wheat
WHTYELD2 Yield/acre of wheat
WHTN2 Lbs. of nitrogen/acre of wheat
WHTP2 Lbs. of phosphorus/acre of wheat
WHTK2 Lbs. of potash/acre of wheat
OTSACR2 Acres of oats
OTSYELD2 Yield/acre of oats
OTSN2 Lbs. of nitrogen/acre of oats
OTSP2 Lbs. of phosphorus/acre of oats
OTSK2 Lbs. of potash/acre of oats
HAYACR2 Acres of hay
HAYYELD2 Yield/acre of hay (tons)
HAYN2 Lbs. of nitrogen/acre of hay
HAYP2 Lbs. of phosphorus/acre of hay
HAYK2 Lbs. of potash/acre of hay
PASACR2 Acres of pasture
PASYELD2 Yield/acre of pasture
* The number 2 designates that this is the second set of questionnaires.
245
-------
PASN2 Lbs. of nitrogen/acre of pasture
PASP2 Lbs. of phosphorus/acre of pasture
PASK2 Lbs. of potash/acre of pasture
FARMWORK No. of full-time farm workers
CHORES Hrs./day spent on livestock chores
HORSES2 Number of horses
BEEFCOW2 Number of beefcows
CALVES2 Number of calves
MILKCOWS2 Number of milk cows
HOGS2 Number of hogs
SHEEP2 Number of sheep
CHICKEN2 Number of chickens
ECORNSTR Ear corn storage capacity
SCORNSTR Shell corn storage capacity
OTHERSTR Other storage
DRYING Does the farm have a dryer? (l=yes, 2=no)
CONPLAN2 Established conservation plan in last 2 years?
CROPDIS* What would you do about crop disease?
INSECT* What would do about insect control?
MACHINE* What would you do about machinery problems?
LSTOCK* What would you do about livestock problems?
ROTATE* What would you do about crop rotation?
MANAGE* What would you do about farm management?
SOILMAN* What would you do about soil management?
FERTUSE* What would you do about fertilizer use?
CROPVAR* What would you do about new crop varieties?
NFLU* What would you do about non-farm land use?
POTPOL* What would you about about potential pollution?
MINTILL* What would you do about minimum tillage"
DRANAGE* What would you do about drainage?
IRRIGATE* What would you do about irrigation?
CONSOIL** Conservation of soil real problem in area..
AVGLAND** Farmers lose more than gain from development programs.
COSTSOIL** Farmers should pay cost of development practices.
FEDGOVT** Federal government important in conservation programs.
POLSTREM** Pollution, of streams a major problem
LANDOWN** Landowners can't express opinions.
(l«=yes, 2=no)
* CODE: 1= handle it myself, 2=got to friend or neighbor; 3=go to small
business or professional; 4=go to local government agency; 0**
no response.
**CODE: l=agree; 2=don't know; 3=disagree
246
-------
HIGHCOST* Conservation should be used despite cost.
FEDTAXES* Federal taxation to pay for conservation is viable alternative.
IMPTCLEN* Very important to clean up environment.
STANDARD** Favor poll control standards
POLCAUSla Sources of pollution in Black Creek-1
POLCAUS2a Sources of pollution in Black Creek-2
POLCAUS3a Sources of pollution in Black Creek-3
ETHGRP2 Ethnic group (l=Amish, 2=Non-Amish)
PEOPLE2b Community quick respond to problems
COMMUNITY*1 Community well organized
PEOCARE2b People don't care enough to solve problems
SPEND2b Spend money for soil and waiter development good
PUSHTOOb Watershed program pushed too hard
REACTION Overall reaction to watershed conservation program (1-excellent,
2=good, 3=undecided, 4=not very good, 5=no prog.)
RIGHTDEV Give up right to develop land to preserve scenic beauty (l«no,
2«=yes, 8-DK, 7=N/A)
FAMILIAR How familiar are you with the Black Creek Project (l=never heard,
2-heard, no contact, 3=little contact, 4=contact with project
representative, 5=much contact and participation)
PREACSHUN Reaction to BCP (l=excellent, 2=good, 3=undecided, 4=not very
good, 5=not good at all)
PARTICIPT Participation in BCP (l=none, 2=a little, 3=very much)
BENEFIT Almost everyone will benefit from project (l=agree, 2-DK, 3=
disagree)
DECISION Most project decisions should be made by professionals. (l=agree
2»DK, 3=disagree)
SUCCESS2 Project should attend to wishes of farmers (l=agree, 2-DK, 3-
disagree)
EFFECTIVE How effective is pollution control in Black Creek now? (l=excellent,
2=good, 3=fair, 4=poor, 5=very poor, 6=isn't any, 8=DK)
PEOCOOP2 Better way to get cooperation in program (1-education, 2=money,
3=laws, 4=other, 8=DK)
ASSTANCE Would you seek assistance in using conservation practices?
(l=no, 2=yes)
AGEXAG2 Contact with: (a) Extension agents
AGSTC02 (b) Ag Stability & Conservation Service
FAHMAD2 (c) Farmers Home Administration
FDCRIN2 (d) Federal Crop Insurance
* CODE: l=strongly agree, 2=agree, 3=don't know, 4=disagree, 5-strongly
disagree.
** l'» strongly favor, 2=favor, 3=neutral, 4=against, 5=strongly against,
8-DK, 0 - N/R
al»silt, 2=farm waste, 3=kitchen waste, 4=fertilizer and pesticide, 5-
rubbish and trash, 6=sewage, 7=commerce and industry)
bl»agree, 2=DK, 3=disagree
247
-------
SOCNSV2 Contact with: (e) Soil Conservation Service
ACSWCD2 (f) Allen County SWCD
VOAGDT2 (g) Vocation ag. department
INEMSV2 (h) Indy. employ serv.
CYHLDT2 (i) County Health Department
CYWLDT2 (j) County Welfare Department
USACEG2 (k) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
CTYCOM2 (1) County Commissioner
CTCNMM2 (m) County Council
DNR2 (o) Dept. of Natural Resources
PURDUE2 (p) Purdue University
Code: (l=none, 2=1 or 2 times, 3=+3 times, 7-N/A)
CONCROPl Use conservative crop system
CONCROP2 from BCP
CONTURE1 Use contour farming
CONTURE2 from BCP
RESIDUEl Use crop residue management
RESIDUE2 from BCP
WINDBRK1 Use farmstead/feedlot windbreak
WINDBRK2 from BCP
BORDERS1 Use field borders
BORDERS2 from BCP
FELDBRK1 Use field windbreak
FELDBRK2 from BCP
GRADEST1 Use grade stabilisation structures
GRADEST2 from BCP
GRASSED1 Use grassed waterway
GRASSED2 from BCP
Codes: for all "Is": l=no never, 2«
8=N/R
for all "2s": l=no, 2=yes
HPONDS1 Use holding ponds
HPONDS2 from BCP
SMOOTHEl Use land smoothing
SMOOTHE2 from BCP
EXCLUDEl Use livestock exclusion
EXCLUDE2 from BCP
PONDS1 Use ponds
PONDS2 from BCP
STRIP1 Use strip cropping
STRIP2 from BCP
DRAIN1 Use surface drains
DRAIN2 from BCP
TILES1 Use tile drains
TILES2 from BCP
TREEPLA1 Use tree-planting
TREEPLA2 from BCP
SATISFYK?)
SATISFY2(?)
;yes, 3=no, but have, 7=N/A,
248
-------
INCOME!
EMPLOY
INCOME2
INCOMES
INCOME4
INCOMES
INCOME6
INCOME?
MARKET
PRACTICE
FAVORPOL
FAVORSCP
TAKEPART
Total gross income for 1975 (1- less than 3,000, 2=3000-4999;
3-5000-6999; (4)7000-9999; (5)10000-12999; (6)=13000-15999;
(7)-16000-19999; (8) 20000-24000; (9) 25000-29000; (1) over
30000)
Off farm employment (l=no, 2=yes)
Percent income from (a) farming
Percent income from (b) additional employment
Percent income from (c) spouse occupation
Percent farm income from (a) crops
Percent farm income from (b) livestock
Percent farm income from (c) other
Market value of land/acre
Computer variables IGNORE
249
-------
SCHNUM2
CARDNUM2
INTERVU2
TYPEQ
TOTACR2
ACRENT2
ACRCROP2
ACRWOD2
ACRPAS2
ACRWILD2
ACRI02
CNGACR2
CNGYELD2
CNGN2
CNGP2
CNGK2
CNSACR2
CNSYELD2
CNSN2
CNSP2
CNSK2
SYBACR2
SYBYELD2
SYBN2
SYBP2
SYBK2
WHTACR2
WHTYELD2
WHTN2
WHTP2
WHTK2
OTSACR2
OTSYELD2
OTSN2
OTSP2
OTSK2
HAYACR2
HAYYELD2
HAYN2
HAYP2
HAYK2
PASACR2
PASYELD2
PASN2
PASP2
PASK2
MEAN
56.000
1.000
1.809
1.955
165.913
201.278
141.471
17.122
20.571
9.889
5.400
56.820
73.045
49.675
40.125
46.800
7.692
9.500
48.857
32.429
32.429
95.271
34.273
9.750
35.375
40.667
35.167
43.590
48.821
41.893
38.071
21.313
84.103
28.788
30.485
30.636
20.156
5.000
15.636
16.455
25.083
21.000
3.500
9.286
9.857
12.000
MODE
1.000
1.000
1.000
3.000
80.000
40.000
85.000
4.000
5.000
2.000
3.000
27.000
80.000
24.000
24.000
24.000
3.000
4.000
12.000
12.000
12.000
10.000
35.000
9.000
36.000
36.000
10.000
30.000
24.000
24.000
24.000
15.000
50.000
24.000
24.000
24.000
17.000
2.000
12.000
12.000
12.000
3.000
1.000
12.000
12.000
12.000
STD
ERR
3.986
0
.151
.141
21.475
47.578
20.490
2.208
3.237
2.903
.511
10.704
4.368
5.980
3.696
6.091
1.487
2.393
12.233
4.750
4.750
18.702
1.624
1.666
7.414
11.513
6.674
1.965
6.695
4.739
4.377
2.876
11.247
2.046
2.225
2.186
2.132
1.863
2.718
2.447
8.913
3.030
2.500
1.322
1.164
1.574
STD
DEV
36.418
0
1.421
1.331
178.381
201.857
170.200
14.137
19.150
8.710
4.118
75.686
28.973
37.820
23.375
38.526
5.360
6.331
32.365
12.568
12.568
91.622
7.617
4.713
20.969
34.540
41.678
12.268
35.427
25.077
23.163
18.190
70.239
11.752
12.782
12.559
12.059
9.858
9.014
8.116
30.876
16.870
3.536
3.498
3.078
4.163
MEDIAN
53.000
1.000
1.383
2.179
94.000
78.000
75.250
12.333
18.750
6.000
4.167
24.500
75.500
36.500
36.000
34.000
6.000
8.000
36.000
33.000
33.000
50.000
34.786
9.000
36.000
30.000
17.167
43.750
36.000
30.500
30.100
15.250
75.000
27.750
28.250
28.250
17.125
2.125
12.667
12.750
13.000
18.750
3.500
10.500
11.629
11.750
VARIANCE
1400.091
0
2.020
1.771
31819.897
40746.212
28967.999
199.860
366.723
75.861
16.955
5728.396
839.440
1430.379
546.369
1484.215
28.731
40.083
1047.476
157.952
157.952
8394.543
58.017
22.214
439.696
1193.000
1737.031
150.511
1255.041
628.840
536.513
330.868
4936.568
138.110
163.383
157.739
145.410
97.181
81.255
65.873
953.356
284.750
12.500
12.238
9.476
17.333
250
-------
FARMWORK
CHORES
HORSES2
BEEFCOW2
CALVES2
MILKCOWS2
HOGS2
c-Lir-ppO
O L1U1_J J. t—
CHICKEN 2
ECORNSTR
SCORNSTR
OTHERSTR
DRYING
CONPLAN2
CROPDIS
INSECT
MACHINE
L STOCK
ROTATE
MANAGE
S OILMAN
FERTUSE
CROPVAR
NFLU
POTPOL
MINTILL
DRANAGE
IRRIGATE
CONSOIL
AVGLAND
COSTSOIL
FEDGOVT
POLSTREM
LANDOWN
HIGHCOST
FEDTAXES
IMPTCLEN
STANDARD
POLCAUS1
POLCAUS2
POLCAUS3
STATUS
ETHGRP2
MEAN
2.162
5.032
13.600
8.857
9.773
9.033
90.000
24.833
528.409
2253.514
3683.333
3301.389
1.241
1.667
2.750
2.588
1.725
2.825
1.579
1.524
2.730
2.405
2.054
2.769
2.813
2.643
2.949
3.625
2.170
1.133
2.453
2.585
1.277
3.038
1.400
A. 302
1.098
3.020
3.886
4.585
4.359
2120.010
1.640
MODE
1.000
3.000
10.000
10.000
4.000
12.000
8.000
3.000
30.000
2000.000
8000.000
1000.000
1.000
2.000
4.000
3.000
1.000
3.000
1.000
1.000
4.000
3.000
1.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
3.000
1.000
3.000
1.000
1.000
3.000
1.000
2.000
1.000
2.000
1.000
6.000
3.000
47.887
2.000
STD STD
ERR DEV
.275 1.675
.754 4.197
2.376 13.016
1.394 5.216
2.155 10.109
.987 5.404
18.103 102.404
16.051 55.604
451.406 2117.283
230.712 1403.363
873.212 3704.727
820.111 4920.663
.081 .435
.076 .478
.193 1.136
.189 1.104
.148 .933
.094 .594
.183 1.130
.153 .994
.218 1.326
.192 1.166
.169 1.026
.290 1.478
.252 1.424
.248 1.311
.204 1.276
.263 .744
.180 1.312
.051 .344
.167 1.218
.374 2.721
.066 .452
.316 2.304
.078 .496
.319 2.325
.042 .300
.245 1.732
.370 2.452
.275 1.760
.264 1.646
362.562 2205.379
.051 .483
MEDIAN VARIANCE
1.563 2.806
3.800 17.616
10.500 169.421
8.500 27.209
6.167 102.184
9.500 29.206
40.000 10486.516
6.500 3091.788
30.5004482886.729
2007.5001969428.979
1050.000 .1372E+08
1816.667 .2421E+08
1.159 .190
1.750 .228
2.955 1.336
2.750 1.219
1.333 .871
2.941 .353
1.155 1.277
1.177 .987
3.143 1.758
2.679 1.359
1.938 1.053
3.633 2.185
3.611 2.028
2.500 1.720
3.525 1.629
3.833 .554
2.558 1.721
1.077 .118
2.543 1.483
1.472 7.401
1.191 .204
2.577 5.306
1.333 .246
3.985 5.407
1.054 .090
2.417 3.000
4.786 6.010
4.938 3.099
4.417 2.710
1008.8244863694.547
1.719 .233
251
-------
PEOPLE2
COMMUNITY
PEOCARE2
SPEND2
PUSHTOO
REACTION
RIGHTDEV
FAMILIAR
REACSHUN
PARTI CPT
BENEFIT
DECISION
SUCCESS2
EFFECTIVE
PEOCOOP2
AS STANCE
AGEXAG2
AGSTC02
FAHMAD2
FDCRIN2
SOCNSV2
ACSWCD2
VOAGDT2
INEMSV2
CYHLDT2
CYWLDT2
USACEG2
CTYCOM2
CTCNMM2
DNR2
PURDUE2
CONCROP1
CONCROP2
CONTURE 1
CONTURE2
RESIDUEl
RESIDUE2
WINDBRK1
WINDBRK2
BORDERSl
BORDERS2
FELDBRK1
FELDBRK2
GRADES Tl
GRADES T2
GRASSED1
GRASSED2
MEAN
1.961
2.000
1.608
1.020
1.116
1.049
2.694
4.132
1.063
2.039
1.125
2.212
1.173
1.088
2.298
1.896
1.702
1.911
1.064
1.191
2.378
2.362
1.362
1.021
1.106
1.043
1.043
1.489
1.222
1.170
1.761
1.925
1.000
1.961
1.000
1.804
1.000
1.294
1.000
1.780
1.000
1.234
1.000
1.396
1.000
1.531
1.000
MODE
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
5.000
1.000
2.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
2.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
3.000
3.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
2.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
2.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
2.000
1.000
1.000
0
1.000
1.000
2.000
1.000
STD
ERR
.247
.247
.241
.020
.049
.034
.359
.132
.035
.108
.048
.333
.139
.049
.282
.045
.121
.138
.036
.058
.116
.107
.107
.021
.063
.043
.030
.096
.083
.070
.121
.053
0
.271
0
.125
0
.081
1.000
.135
0
.137
1.000
.071
0
.072
0
STD
DEV
1.766
1.766
1.721
.141
.324
.218
2.510
.952
.245
.774
.334
2.404
1.004
.288
1.933
.309
.832
.925
.247
.398
.777
.735
.735
.146
.429
.292
.204
.655
.560
.481
.822
.385
0
1.939
0
.895
0
.576
1.000
.954
0
.937
1.000
.494
0
.504
0
MEDIAN
1.500
1.545
1.186
1.010
1.066
1.026
1.694
4.450
1.033
2.048
1.071
1.368
1.040
1.048
1.750
1.942
1.440
1.714
1.034
1.118
2.600
2.521
1.135
1.011
1.034
1.022
1.022
1.339
1.092
1.073
1.577
11.956
1.000
1.229
1.000
1.788
1.000
1.154
1.000
1.722
1.000
1.060
1.000
1.328
1.000
1.558
1.000
VARIANCE
3.118
3.120
2.963
.020
.105
.048
6.300
.925
.060
.598
.112
5.778
1.009
.083
3.735
.095
.692
.856
.061
.158
.604
.540
.540
.021
.184
.085
.042
.429
.313
.231
.675
.148
0
3.758
0
.801
0
.332
1.000
.910
0
.879
1.000
.244
0
.254
0
252
-------
HPONDS1
HPONDS2
SMOOTHE1
SMOOTHE2
EXCLUDEl
EXCLUDE2
PONDS1
PONDS 2
STRIP1
STRIP2
DF.AIN1
DRAIN2
TILES1
TILES 2
TREEPLA1
TREEPLA2
SATISFYl
SATISFY2
INCOME1
EMPLOY
INCOME2
INCOMES
INCOME4
INCOMES
INCOME6
IN COME 7
MARKET
PRACTICE
FAVORPOL
FAVORBCP
TAKEPART
MEAN
1.208
1.000
1.041
-
1.780
1.000
1.220
1.000
1.245
_
1.521
1.000
1.980
1.000
1.245
1.000
6.650
7.050
5.703
1.515
78.339
44.878
24.071
67.887
69.000
50.000
1857.328
1.517
4.774
6.450
29.825
MODE
1.000
1.000
1.000
-
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
-
1.000
1.000
2.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
5.000
9.000
2.000
2.000
100.000
50.000
20.000
100.000
100.000
10.000
1500.000
0
4.000
6.000
21.000
STD
ERJl
.059
0
.041
—
.174
0
.059
0
.171
—
.084
0
.034
0
.062
0
.260
.280
.339
.062
7.515
3.891
4.217
5.009
5.010
23.094
245.203
.239
.184
.153
1.173
STD
DEV
.410
0
.286
~
1.234
0
.418
0
1.199
—
.583
0
.244
0
.434
0
1.642
1.768
2.712
.504
57.725
24.913
15.780
36.469
30.886
40.000
1915.095
2.257
1.023
.686
7.421
MEDIAN
1.132
1.000
1.021
1.548
1.000
1.141
1.000
1.128
~
1.460
1.000
1.990
1.000
1.162
1.000
6.333
7.227
6.056
1.529
75.250
49.556
21.250
89.500
79.400
50.000
1412.500
.373
4.412
6.269
29.167
VARIANCE
.168
0
.082
1.522
0
.175
0
1.439
.340
0
.060
0
.189
0
2.695
3.126
7.355
.254
3332.193
620.660
248.995
1329.948
953.946
1600.000
3667588.791
5.093
1.047
.471
55.071
253
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Documentation for Data Tape on Black Creek Project
Tape is written in an SPSS— system file which is described in the
SPSS Manual (1).
Included in the file are the variable names and locations, variable
labels and value labels. This information on each variable is given in
more, detail in the original questionnaires which accompany the tape.
Questionnaire (A) was administered by interview methodology to 89 farmers
in the Black Creek Watershed in 1974. Questionnaire (B) was administered
to 71 of the original 89 farmers in 1976. For additional details on the
methodology, consult any of the papers or reports from the Socio-Economic
Section of the project, including (2), (3), (4), (5),- and (6).
Instructions for Access of the Tape:
(1) Computer system must have SPSS capability
(2) Request tape according to Access SPSS
(3) Use card "GET FILE" and type the file name "ALLEN2" in column 16 of
this card
(4) Manipulate file according to standard SPSS procedures.
— Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.
2/
— 5 & 6 are available from the authors.
254
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References
1. Nie, Norman H., et al. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences,
1975 New York: McGraw-Hill.
2. Brooks, Ralph M. and David L. Taylor. "An assessment of attitudes
1975 and agricultural practices among landowners of the Black
Creek." pp. 155-196 in Environmental Impact of Land Use on
Water Quality Progress Report. Chicago: EPA-905/9-75-006.
3. Brooks, Ralph M. and David L. Taylor. "The impact of social attitudes
1975 on managing the environment." pp. 26-41 in Proceedings of
the Non-Point Source Pollution Seminar. Chicago: EPA-905/
9-75-007.
4. Taylor, David L. and William L. Miller. "Social factors that influ-
1976 ence participation in soil conservation: Black Creek Pro-
ject." pp. 95-112 in Best Management Practices for Non-
Point Pollution Control Seminar. Chicago, EPA-905/9-76-005.
5. Taylor, David L. and William L. Miller. "Participation through innova-
1977 tion: A test of a theoretical model." Presented at the
annual meeting of the North Central Sociological Association,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
6. Taylor, David L. and William L. Miller. "Rural development through
1977 pollution control: The introduction of innovations by a
government project." Presented at the annual meeting of
the Rural Sociological Society, Madison, Wisconsin.
255
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COST DATA
The following information on the installation of
various conservation practices was based on the records
of the Allen County Soil and : Water Conservation District.
In the figures, the bar graph represents project
goals. The shaded portion represents the amount accomplished
in the project.
The curves on the graph are as follows:
Original budget
Revised budget
'• Actual Expenditure
256
-------
76
'75
7418
'74
'73
75 n
72
* 7232.55
'73 '74 75
Conservation Cropping System
76
77
76
769
75
73
12 T
o 8
o
oc
<
o
o
'72
$999.70
$16.00
73 74 75
Contour Farming
'76
'77
257
-------
12 T
'76
'75
7471
'74
'73
72
* 10,303.40
'73 '74 '75
Crop Residue Management
77
'76
'75
'74
'73
4
X
OT
8 2
72
$4,600.00
\
•73 '74 '75
Critical Area Planting
76
77
258
-------
'76
39,200
'75
74
'73
72
$ 12,740.00
\
'77
'76
75
'75
'74
3,900.00
75-25
'73 '74 '75 '76
Farmstead and Feedlot Windbreaks
'77 .
259
-------
60 T
288,320
'76
'75
'74
'73
72
* 53,222.
80
\
73
'74 '75
Field Border
'76
12,000
'75
'74
450 T
'72
'74 '75
Field Windbreaks
$390.00
\
'Ve
i
77
260
-------
76
'75
'74
'73
ffsfi
72
119,600.00
'73 '74 '75
Grade Stabilization Structure
'76
'76
'75
68
'74
73 '74 '75
Grassed Waterways
76
79-19
'77
261
-------
'76
II
'75
'74
'73
73 '74 '75
Holding Ponds and Tanks
76
75-30
'77
300
'76
'75
J
73 '74 '75
Land Smoothing
76
77
262
-------
215
'761 1
'75
'74
'73
o
o
o
co
K
o 15
'72
$32,045.00
'73 '74 '75
Livestock Exclusion (fencing)
76
28
'76
'75
'74
'73
'72
$3,640.00
\
73 '74
Livestock Watering Facility
'77
263
-------
'76
7656
'75
'74
'73
72
32,346.60
«^" ^^» ma» ff^ mm ^BM ^^v ^g^^^|
'73 r74 '75
Minimum Tillage
76
402
'76
75
'74
'73
'72
< 4,703.40
\
'73 '74 '75 '76
Pasture and Hayland Management
264
-------
'76
'75
501
'74
'73
$22,795.00v
Pasture and Hayland Planting
$63,375.00
39
76
'75
'74
'73
265
-------
15 T
ne
'76
'75
'74
'74
O "0
o
O
_
S 5
0-1
72
$7670.00
'73 74 75
Protection During Development
'76, 1
'75
'74
72
$2,560.00
\
'73 '74 '75
Recreation Area Improvement
76
266
-------
30T
6
'76. 1
$19,500.00
$ 13,624.46
$4,448.90
-f
-I—1 1 1—~
73 '74 '75
Sediment Control Basins
'76
'77
'76
'75
122,000
'74
'73
liuilili
CO
oc
72
156,600.00
\
'73 '74 '75
Streambank Protection
267
-------
76
'75
'74
'73
m
'72
$102,128.51
\
'73 '74 '75
Stream Channel Stabilization
77
268
-------
15 T
'76
300
'75
'74
'72
'73 '74 '75
Stripcropping
'76
$975.00
77
24 T
90,500
'76
75
'74
73
'73 . . '74
Surface Drains
269
-------
$106,460.79
60 T
'76
'75
200
'74
'73
m.
'76
'75
10
'74
270
72
72
$51,690.45
74 75
Tile Drains
Tree Planting
76
77
520.00
\
77
-------
222
'76
'75
'74
72
'73 '74 '75 76
Wildlife Habitat Management
'76
2OO
'75
'74
'73
$1950.00
Woodland Improved Harvesting
\
271
-------
610
'76
'75
'74
'73
'76
50
'75
'74
'73
72
73
74
75
Woodland Improvement
Woodland Pruning
'76
$975.00
272
-------
$35,127,95
'76
'75
'74
Terraces, Parallel and Gradient
273
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(f lease read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
. REPORT NO.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
Environmental Impact of Land Use on Water « *
Quality-Final Report on the Black Creek Pro-
mg 3 — Oflta Volume)
Qfckober, 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
James B. Morrison — Technical Writer and Editor
'ERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Allen County Soil and Water Conservation Distri
Executive Park, Suite 103
2010 Inwood Drive
Fort Wayne. Indiana 468ns
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CO N T R ACT7G R A N T N O.
EPA Grant G005103
SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Great Lakes National Program Office
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, Illinois 6Q6Q4 ^^
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final Report-1972-1977
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
$aff,-D' wilson " EpA Project Officer
^ G> Christensen — Section 108 (a) Program Coordina
rov supporting the Final Technical Report of the Black
creek sediment control project. This project is to determine the
environmental impact of land use on water quality and has completed
ih? H " a" °ne alf years of watershed activity. The project,
which is directed by the Allen County Soil and Water Conservation Dis-
niiv i'«1?v,an^atte?pt t0 determine the role that agricultural pollutants
ulMmiLi 6- dep,adatl?n of water quality in the Maumee River Basin and
ultimately in Lake Erie.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COS AT I Field/Group
Sediment
Erosion
Land Use
Water Quality
Nutrients
Socio-Economic
Land Treatment
TATEMENT " " !—"
Document is available to the public
through the National Technical
Information Sorvio^ . .qpr-j nfTf j Oi ^ va
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)
274
PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1978 650-357
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