&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Acid Deposition,
Environmental Monitoring and
Quality Assurance
Washington DC 20460
EPA/600/4-88/032
September 1988
Research and Development
Eastern Lake Survey -
Phase I:
Data Base
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Upper Midwest
Southern New England (1D)
Upper Peninsula of Michigan (2B)
Northcentral Wisconsin (2C)
\Jpper Great Lakes Area (2D) ^ ^ ^//) A
Regions and Subregions, Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
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EPA/600/4-88/032
September 1988
Eastern Lake Survey
Phase I
Data Base
A Contribution to the
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Washington. DC 20460
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory - Las Vegas, NV 89119
Environmental Research Laboratory - Corvallls, OR 97333
'T-r^tal Protectiort Agency
( aV-16) '
. r » Room 1670
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NOTICE
The information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency under Contract No. 68-03-3246 to Northrop Services, Inc., Nos. 68-03-3249 and
68-03-3050 to Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Company, Inc., No. 68-02-3889 to
Radian Corporation, and Interagency Agreement No. 40-1441-84 with the U.S. Department of
Energy. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been
approved for publication as an EPA document.
Much of the information in this document, including figures and tables, has been taken
directly from Linthurst et ai. (1986), with permission of the authors.
Mention of corporation names, trade names, or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
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CONTENTS
Figures jv
Tables v
1.0 Introduction to Document and Explanation of
its Use
2.0 Survey Description [[[ 2
2.1 Overview [[[ ..... 2
2.2 Survey design . . . ................................................. 7
2.3 Survey implementation ............................................. 10
2.4 Quality assurance program ........................................ 11
3.0 Statistical Design Applications and Restrictions ........................... 12
3.1 Extrapolation from sample to population .............................. 12
3.2 Estimating the target population size
and attributes [[[ 12
3.3 Restrictions . ........ . . .......................................... 16
3.4 Design considerations . ........................................... 16
4.0 Survey Results
4.1 Description of target population ..................................... 18
4.2 Estimated chemical characteristics ................................ . . 19
4.3 Population estimates ............................................. 21
4.4 Summary observations ........................................ .... 22
5.0 References
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FIGURES
Number
2-1 Regions and subregions for the Eastern Lake
Survey - Phase I 3
2-2 Northeastern subregions and alkalinity map classes,
Eastern Lake Survey - Phase 1 4
2-3 Upper midwestern subregions and alkalinity map classes,
Eastern Lake Survey - Phase 1 5
2-4 Southeastern subregions and alkalinity map classes,
Eastern Lake Survey - Phase 1 6
3-1 Procedures used to estimate target population size,
Eastern Lake Survey - Phase 1 13
4-1 Cumulative frequency distributions for acid neutralizing
capacity for the population of lakes >4 ha in two regions
and two subregions sampled in the fall of 1984 during
Phase I of the Eastern Lake Survey 2s
4-2 Cumulative frequency distributions for pH for the
population of lakes >4 ha and <2000 in two regions and
two subregions sampled in the fall of 1984 during
Phase I of the Eastern Lake Survey 24
IV
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TABLES
Number Page
2-1 Assigned Numbers and Names for Regions and Subregions,
Eastern Lake Survey - Phase 1 7
2-2 Non-Target and Non-Visited Lakes, Eastern Lake
Survey - Phase I 9
2-3 Summary of Variables Measured in the Eastern Lake
Survey - Phase I 10
3-1 Description of Sample and Target Population (Stratum
Specific), Eastern Lake Survey - Phase I 14
3-2 Use of Weights in Combined Strata Estimation, Eastern
Lake Survey - Phase I 17
4-1 Number of Lakes Sampled Within Each Subregion During
the Eastern Lake Survey - Phase 1 18
4-2 Number of Lakes Sampled Within Each State During The
Eastern Lake Survey - Phase I 19
4-3 Estimated Total Number of Lakes (>4 ha and 4 and <200Q ha),
and Number and Percentage of Lakes with Selected Values
of Four Key Variables from Phase I of the Eastern
Lake Survey 21
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1.0 INTRODUCTION TO DOCUMENT AND EXPLANATION OF ITS USE
The Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I (ELS-I)
is a component of the National Surface Water
Survey (NSWS), a project implemented by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as
part of the Aquatic Effects Research Program
(AERP). For information about projects within
the AERP, a major component of the National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program,
contact:
Dr. D. McKenzie, Acting Director
Aquatic Effects Research Program
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Research Laboratory
200 S.W. 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97333
The AERP, which includes several
integrated studies that are conducted in areas
believed to be potentially sensitive to change
as a result of acidic deposition, addresses
four major policy questions relating to the
effects of acidic deposition on aquatic
ecosystems: 1) the extent and magnitude of
past change, 2) the change to be expected in
the future under various rates of acidic
deposition, 3) the maximum rates of deposition
below which further change is not expected,
and 4) the rate of change or recovery of
aquatic ecosystems if deposition rates are
decreased.
The NSWS includes the National Stream
Survey (NSS) and the National Lake Survey
(NLS). Subdivided into the Eastern Lake
Survey (ELS) and the Western Lake Survey
(WLS), NLS is conducted in two phases.
Phase I activities provide information to
determine the current status of lakes and
streams; Phase II activities describe seasonal
variation in regional surface water chemistry.
This data base package, which covers
only the first phase of ELS (ELS-I), represents
one of several products produced by the AERP
Technical Information Project. The project
disseminates AERP information and available
data to state agencies and organizations
involved in acidic deposition monitoring
activities. At this time, the WLS-I data base,
as well as various other AERP publications, is
also available. Address inquiries regarding
published materials distributed through the
AERP Technical Information Project to:
Mr. W. Kinney, Technical Director,
AERP Technical Information Project
EPA/Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-3478
(702) 798-2358
FTS: 545-2358
A computerized copy of the ELS-I data
base and the documentation necessary to
make use of the data are included in this
package. There are three distributed ELS-I
data sets: data set 3, the validated data set;
data set 4, the final data set; and a subset of
data set 4 distributed on IBM personal
computer (PC) format disks. Data sets 3 and
4 are distributed on magnetic tape, and the PC
data set is distributed on a low-density
diskette.
Documentation provided in the data base
package includes a description of the design
and implementation of ELS-I (Section 2),
information about the statistical design of the
survey (Section 3), and a summary of survey
results (Section 4). The data base dictionary
and instructions on accessing the data are
included as appendices. Questions about the
information in the data base, or about reading
or analyzing the data should be directed to:
Mr. J. M. Eilers, Technical Director
Eastern Lake Survey - Phase I
Northrop Services, Inc.
200 S.W. 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4666, ext. 428
1
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2.0 SURVEY DESCRIPTION
2.1 OVERVIEW
The NSWS was initiated by EPA when it
became apparent that existing data could not
be used quantitatively to assess the present
chemical and biological status of surface
waters in the United States. The ELS-I survey
design, presented in detail in Linthurst et al.
(1986), Overton et al. (1986), and Kanciruk et al.
(1986), is summarized in this document. The
WLS-I survey design is presented in Landers
et al. (1987) and Eilers et al. (1987).
Phase I of NLS is designed to provide a
geographically extensive data base of
sufficient quality to estimate with known
confidence the number of acidic and potentially
sensitive lakes (lakes that have low acid
neutralizing capacity or ANC), identify their
location, and describe their present chemical
status from a broad-scale, regional
perspective. Phase II of NLS is designed to
evaluate seasonal variability in lake chemistry.
Lakes sampled in Phase I and Phase II will be
used to frame a long-term monitoring program
that will evaluate regional-scale, long-term
trends in surface water chemistry that may be
attributable to the effects of acidic deposition.
ELS-! was conducted in the fall of 1984 in
the northeastern, midwestern, and
southeastern United States. The population of
lakes to be sampled was defined as lakes
located within those regions expected to
contain the most lakes in the United States
characterized by alkalinity <400 peq/L (i.e.,
those areas where acidic deposition could
potentially have the most effect). For ELS-I,
the boundaries of three regions (Figure 2-1),
judged to contain about 95 percent of the lakes
of lower alkalinity in the eastern United States,
were delineated using a national map of
surface water alkalinity (Omernik and Powers,
1983). Figures 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4 show the ELS-I
subregions and alkalinity map classes.
During ELS-I, one sample per lake was
collected during the fall turnover period from
the deepest part of the lake as an index to the
essential characteristics of each lake. The fall
turnover period was selected because lake
water chemistry within any single lake was
expected to be the most homogeneous during
this season. Because not all lakes in the
eastern United States could be sampled, a
statistical procedure for selecting a subset of
lakes for sampling was developed. The
sampling plan for ELS-I employed a stratified
design, in which an equal number of sample
lakes was allocated to each stratum. Lakes
were selected from each stratum by
systematic sampling of an ordered list
followed by a random start. The choice of
sample size, 50 or more target lakes per
stratum, was based on the judgment that this
sample size would yield adequate precision for
population estimates by stratum.
Data quality objectives were developed to
guide the selection of sampling and analytical
procedures for ELS-I. These objectives defined
precision and bias goals for the procedures
used in making population estimates and for
the methods used in analyzing chemical
variables. The data quality objectives guided
the statistical design of the survey, the
selection of standardized analytical methods
(Hillman et al., 1986), and the design of the
quality assurance program (Drous6 et al.,
1986). Standardized methods for sampling
were also developed (Morris et al., 1986).
Quality assurance results are summarized in
Best et al. (1986). These documents are
available through the Technical Information
Project. As a complete set, the documents
provide a record of ELS-I activities.
The data collected during ELS-I were used
to address the key objectives of the survey-
identification of the number and location of
acidic and low ANC lakes, and quantification
of the present chemical characteristics of the
eastern lake resource. Because of the ELS-I
lake selection design, the standardized
protocols employed in data collection, and the
quality assurance program, the ELS-I data
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Upper
Midwest Region
2D
Northeast
Region
Southeast
Region
IE
Figure 2-1. Regions and subreglons for the
Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I.
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Alkalinity Map Classes
(/;eq L"1)
TJ <100
\T\ 100-200
[Tj >200
— Subregion Boundary
r"
i
\
x
S
Adirondacks(IA) „,
,J
-------
•->,..
Northeastern Minnesota (2A)
Alkalinity Map Classes
(A«q I."1)
H<100
2] 100-200
3]>200
- Subregion Boundary
Upper Peninsula of Michigan (2B)
Upper Great Lakes Area (2D)
;
i
\
Northcentral Wisconsin (2C)
Figure 2-3. Upper mldwestern subreglons and alkalinity map classes,
Eastern Lake Survey - Phase I.
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Alkalinity Map Classes
(//eg L")
iJ<100
2] 100-200
T] > 20O
Subregion Boundary
Figure 2-4. Southeastern subreglons and alkalinity map classes,
Eastern Lake Survey - Phase I.
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base can be used to investigate correlative
relationships among chemical variables on a
regional basis and to estimate the chemical
status of lakes within a specific region.
2.2 SURVEY DESIGN
2.2.1 Lake Selection
2.2.1.1 Probability Sample-
The stratification factors used in lake
selection were region, subregion, and alkalinity
map class. The Northeast was defined as NLS
Region 1, the Upper Midwest as Region 2, and
the Southeast as Region 3. Eleven subregions
were identified (Table 2-1). Lakes representing
each of the three alkalinity map classes (ANC
<100, 100-199, 200-400 ^eq/L, derived from
Omernik and Griffith 1986; Figures 2-2, 2-3, and
2-4) were found within each of the 11
subregions; thus, 33 strata were defined in
ELS-I.
Table 2-1. Assigned Numbers and Names for Regions
and Subregions, Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Region 1 :
Northeast
1A: Adirondacks
1B: Poconos/
Catskills
1C: Central
New England
1D: Southern
New England
1E: Maine
Region 2:
Upper Midwest
2A : Northeastern
Minnesota
28: Upper
Peninsula
of Michigan
2C: Northcentral
Wisconsin
2D: Upper Great
Lakes Area
Region 3:
Southeast
3A: Southern
Blue Ridge
3B: Florida
Lakes were identified and listed using
1:250,000-scale United States Geological
Survey (USGS) topographic maps. The lake
type, elevation, size, and watershed size were
evaluated as potential ordering factors by
means of a mapping exercise to check for
spatial patterns.
Strata boundaries were delineated, and
all lakes on the maps were numbered in
spatial order within each stratum. The final
number of lakes identified in each stratum was
the total number of lakes in the map
population for the stratum. All population
estimates for physical and chemical attributes
computed in this study refer to the map
population of lakes. They do not necessarily
represent conditions in lakes outside the area
of coverage nor conditions in lakes not
depicted on the USGS topographic maps used.
For example, population estimates cannot be
made for lakes smaller than 4 ha.
Within each stratum, a systematic
random sample of 50 lakes was drawn. Lake
numbers were entered into a computer file in
numerical order as labeled on the maps. In
each stratum, the first lake was selected at
random between lakes 1 and k (where k is the
size of the map population divided by the
desired sample size), and every k(h lake was
selected thereafter. This sample is a true
probability sample (i.e., within each stratum,
each lake had an equal probability of
inclusion).
2.2.1.2 Identification of Non-target
Lakes-
Non-target lakes are those bodies of
water that either could not provide data
relative to the survey's objectives or could not
be sampled within the constraints of a
synoptic survey. Non-target lakes were
identified in the probability sample by
examining 1:24,000-, 1:25,000-, or 1:62,500-scale
USGS topographic maps. Categories of non-
target lakes identified by this method include:
(1) No lake present: lakes initially
identified on 1:250,000-scale maps
that did not appear on more detailed,
larger-scale maps.
(2) Flowing water: sites identified as
lakes on 1:250,000-scale maps that
appeared as points on a stream on
larger scale maps. However, if the
small-scale maps were more recent
than the large-scale maps and the
lake in question was known to be a
new reservoir, it was not eliminated.
(3) Bay/Estuary (High conductance):
lakes identified on 1:250,000-scale
-------
maps that appeared as ocean
embayments or estuaries on larger
scale maps.
(4) Urban/Industrial/Agricultural: lakes
surrounded by or adjacent to
intense urban, industrial, or
agricultural land use including tailing
ponds, water treatment lagoons,
fish hatcheries, and cranberry bogs.
(5) Marsh/Swamp: lakes identified on
1:250,000-scale maps that appeared
as swamps or marshes on larger
scale maps.
(6) Too small (<4 ha): lakes identified
on 1:250,000-scale maps that were
less than approximately four ha.
Because the resolution of most
1:250,000-scale maps was about
four ha, this limit was established
for consistency. Lakes less than
four ha are not represented by the
population descriptions.
After eliminating non-target lakes by
examining maps, additional lakes were
selected, when necessary, by applying the
same systematic random sampling process to
the remaining lakes in the initial list frame.
More than the prescribed number of lakes
were selected, since it was also anticipated
that additional lakes would be eliminated as
non-target lakes during field operations.
Because the number of non-target lakes varied
from stratum to stratum, the final number of
lakes selected within strata varied.
The lakes that met the selection criteria
after the map evaluation were provisionally
designated as "target" lakes. This designation
was refined as a result of information obtained
during or after field sampling. The categories
of non-target lakes identified by this method
were defined as:
(1) No lake present: lakes visited that
were found to be dry.
(2) Flowing water: sites visited and
found to be streams.
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
High conductance: lakes that, upon
visitation, were found to have
measured specific conductance
Urban/Industrial/Agricultural: lakes
surrounded by or adjacent to intense
anthropogenic activities.
Too shallow: lakes that were too
shallow (generally less than 1 m) to
obtain a clean (i.e., free of debris or
sediment) sample.
Other: lakes that were inaccessible
due to a permanent feature of the
lake that prevented helicopters from
landing safely (e.g., power lines).
Some other lakes were not visited
because they were inaccessible or frozen.
These lakes represent incompleteness in the
sample and were classified as "not visited"
(could not be sampled) only if the reasons for
not sampling were unrelated to a permanent
feature of the lake. Those lakes not visited
because they were frozen, for example, did not
warrant non-target classification because this
is not a permanent feature of the lake. If a
lake could not be visited because of a
permanent feature such as shallowness, it
was classified as non-target. For statistical
analyses, it was assumed that lakes not
visited had the same proportion of non-target
lakes as those found in the visited lakes.
Table 2-2 provides numbers of non-target lakes
identified during map examinations and field
sampling and the reasons for their exclusion
from the target population. Categories and
numbers of lakes classified as not visited are
also shown. These definitions collectively
identify the populations of lakes about which
conclusions can be drawn; they further restrict
the interpretation of the results, as does the
identity of the map/frame population from
which the probability sample was drawn.
2.2.1.3 Special Interest Lakes-
A number of lakes other than those
chosen in the probability sample were sampled
during ELS-I. All eastern lakes in the current
8
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Table 2-2. Non-Target and Not Visited Lakes, Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
A. Non-target regular lakes determined from large-scale map examination
CATEGORIES 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 2A 2B 2C
2D 3A
TOTAL 12 12 12 26 21 10 19
C. Reasons that regular lakes were not visited
CATEGORIES 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 2A 2B
2C
2D
11
3A
3B TOTAL
NO LAKE PRESENT
FLOWING WATER
BAY/ ESTUARY
URBAN /INDUSTRIAL
MARSH /SWAMP
TOO SMALL (<4 ha)
1
8
0
0
5
23
2
2
0
8
7
20
0
5
0
1
4
39
2
5
5
29
8
47
1
11
2
0
7
54
2
3
0
6
1
26
2
0
0
0
7
68
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
1
0
1
9
60
0
3
0
11
2
44
6
0
0
19
136
84
16
37
7
75
185
485
TOTAL 37 39 49 96 75 38 77 10 71 58 255 805
B. Non-target regular lakes determined from direct examination
CATEGORIES 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 2A 2B 2C 2D 3A 3B TOTAL
NO LAKE PRESENT
FLOWING WATER
HIGH CONDUCTANCE
URBAN /INDUSTRIAL
TOO SHALLOW
OTHER
2
0
0
2
7
1
6
0
0
0
4
2
2
0
0
0
10
0
4
0
6
2
12
2
3
1
0
0
17
0
0
0
0
1
9
0
4
0
0
0
15
0
0
1
0
0
6
0
2
0
0
0
3
0
9
1
0
0
1
0
9
0
1
0
5
1
41
3
7
5
89
6
16
TOTAL
13
12
28
8 13
151
3B TOTAL
NO ACCESS PERMISSION
TIME /DISTANCE
CONSTRAINTS
BAD WEATHER
WRONG LAKE
HIGH TURBIDITY
FROZEN
1
3
0
0
0
0
9
2
0
1
0
1
2
5
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
4
0
1
2
1
0
8
1
0
0
0
0
7
0
1
5
1
0
21
8
0
0
0
0
0
13
0
0
0
0
0
43
12
10
5
2
41
113
EPA Long-Term Monitoring Program, which is
also part of NAPAP, were included. In all, 186
lakes were sampled as special interest lakes.
Others were included on the basis of
recommendations from the Acid Deposition
Trends Committee of the National Research
Council and from state and federal agencies.
The data from these lakes were not included in
the population estimates. To differentiate
special Interest lakes from those in the
probability sample, the latter are referred to as
"probability sample" lakes. Data from these
lakes are presented in Kancircuk et al. (1986).
2.2.1.4 Final Lake Lists and Maps-
Lake names, identification (ID) numbers,
and geographical coordinates were entered
into computer files and printed for field crews.
If no name was printed on the map for a given
lake, the entry in the file was "no name." Each
lake was assigned a unique ID number coded
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for the stratum in which it occurred. For
example, 1A2-034 designated the 34th lake in
Subregion 1A, alkalinity map class 2. The
latitude and longitude for each lake were
measured with 11-point dividers to the nearest
degree, minute, and second and were checked
by visual examination and computer-generated
overlays. Lake ID codes were printed on the
topographic maps to assist field crews in
locating the lakes.
2.2,2 Variables Selected for Analysis
A number of physical and chemical
variables were measured in ELS-I, 24 of which
are shown in Table 2-3. The variables were
selected on the basis of their importance in
chemically characterizing lakes from a regional
perspective.
2.3 SURVEY IMPLEMENTATION
2.3.1 Field Station Operations
During the ELS-I sampling effort, 8 field
stations and 11 remote base sites were
established. Each field station consisted of a
mobile field laboratory, an area for storage
and calibration of field equipment, one
Table 2-3. Summary of Variables Measured In the
Eastern Lake Survey • Phase I
Acid neutralizing
capacity
Aluminum, extractabie
Aluminum, total
Ammonium, dissolved
Calcium, dissolved
Carbon, dissolved
inorganic
Carbon, dissolved
organic
Chloride, dissolved
Color, true
Conductance
Fluoride, total dissolved
Iron, dissolved
Magnesium, dissolved
Manganese, dissolved
Nitrate, dissolved
pH
Phosphorus, total
Potassium, dissolved
Secchi disk
transparency
Silica, dissolved
Sodium, dissolved
Sulfata, dissolved
Temperature
Turbidity
The complete list of variables for the survey is
given in Linthurst et al. (1986).
helicopter, and one fixed wing aircraft. Field
stations were staffed by approximately 15
people, including helicopter pilots, field
sampling crews, a field laboratory crew, and
personnel responsible for logistics. Generally,
two helicopters were assigned to each base
site. The mobile field laboratories were
responsible for sample tracking, sample
preservation, and sample shipping by overnight
courier to analytical laboratories. Personnel at
the mobile field laboratories also analyzed
samples collected in airtight sealed syringes
for pH and dissolved inorganic carbon, two
variables that are especially prone to change.
2.3.2 Field Sampling Activities
Five to ten lakes per day were scheduled
for sampling by each helicopter sampling crew.
Crews recorded watershed descriptions for
each lake upon approach and conducted on-
site measurements of a few key chemical
variables. Samples collected at each lake
included a 4-L bulk sample, to be processed
through the field laboratory for delivery to the
analytical laboratories, and two syringes filled
with water and sealed with locking syringe
valves (closed system samples). The period of
field sampling was from October 7, 1984 to
December 14, 1984. The field sampling and
field laboratory activities are described in
Morris et al. (1986) and Hillman et al. (1986),
respectively.
2.3.3 Analytical Laboratory Operations
Because of the large number of samples
and the required holding times of specific
chemical variables, the use of a single
laboratory for sample analysis was not
possible. For this reason, detailed criteria
were prepared that defined the analytical and
quality assurance requirements and bids were
solicited from analytical laboratories.
Prospective laboratories were evaluated
through the analysis of performance evaluation
samples and on-site inspections. Four
analytical laboratories were selected.
All analyses were conducted according to
handling, analytical, and quality assurance
protocols detailed in Hillman et al. (1986) and
Drous6 et al. (1986). The goal was to analyze
all samples collected within one region at the
same laboratory; however, due to logistical
problems, two laboratories were needed to
analyze samples from each region.
2.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE
10
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PROGRAM
An extensive quality assurance program
was designed to standardize all sampling and
analytical protocols and to ensure that the
quality of the data could be determined.
Several types of quality assurance/quality
control (QA/QC) samples were used to ensure
that sampling and analytical methods were
performed as specified in the QA plan. The
results of QA sample analysis were used to
evaluate the performance of field sampling
methods and field and analytical laboratory
procedures. The analysis of QC samples
allowed field samplers and laboratory
personnel to identify and quickly correct
problems such as instrument malfunctions or
reagent contamination.
2.4.1 Data Base Quality Assurance
Quality assurance of the ELS-I data base
was accomplished through a series of steps
designed to identify and eliminate errors and
verify all questionable or unusual data. Data
verification was a systematic process in which
the raw data set was reviewed. The initial
step involved a review of the field data forms
to ensure that field QA/QC sample data were
within previously established acceptance
criteria. The results reported by the analytical
laboratories were evaluated to ensure that the
reports were complete, that laboratory QA/QC
criteria were met, and that, if necessary, data
were appropriately qualified.
The validation process for the ELS-I data
base was designed to investigate potential
errors in the chemical analyses that were not
detected during verification. The data
validation procedures provided a means of
identifying questionable data, based on
empirical evidence or statistical analyses, and
a way to determine the most appropriate value
for a water quality variable when it was
measured in more than one way or when data
substitution was necessary. Data substitution
was necessary when values were missing
from the data set.
The numerous QA/QC procedures that
were implemented during ELS-I are described
in detail in Drous6 et al. (1986). Results of QA
sample evaluation, as well as minor problems
involving sample contamination that were
identified and resolved through the QA
program/are summarized in Best et al. (1986).
2.4.2 Summary of QA/QC Results
11
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3.0 STATISTICAL DESIGN APPLICATIONS AND RESTRICTIONS
3.1 EXTRAPOLATION FROM
SAMPLE TO POPULATION
For statistical analyses, the probability
sample was treated as a simple random
sample within each stratum. The ordering of
the lakes and the systematic selection process
were designed to yield greater precision than a
simple random sample; therefore, statements
of precision for population estimates are
probably conservative.
When population estimates from
combined strata are required (e.g., when
making subregionat or regional estimates),
expansion factors or weights (W) must be
used because the sampling intensity varied
among strata. These weights (the stratum
target population size divided by the stratum
sample size) vary considerably among strata.
For example, a lake sampled in one stratum
may represent 3 lakes, whereas each lake
sampled in another stratum may represent 36
lakes.
The flexibility of this design permits strata
to be combined. The design also allows
estimates to be made for specific
subpopulations, or subsets of lakes; however,
unless the definition of the population of
interest is clearly stated, conclusions based on
the ELS-I data can be misleading.
3.2 ESTIMATING THE TARGET
POPULATION SIZE AND
ATTRIBUTES
The first steps in the statistical analysis
of the data were to determine the stratum-
specific weights needed for interstratum
estimation and to estimate the target
population size in each stratum (N, Figure 3-1).
The target population size in each stratum was
estimated in two units: number of lakes and
lake area (Table 3-1).
The statistical frame is defined by the list
of lakes identified by the map population. The
map population consists of both target ano
non-target populations. Within each stratum,
it is possible to estimate the size of the target
population by multiplying the number of
sampled lakes classified as target (n***) by
the stratum-specific weight (W). This weight
is the inverse of the inclusion probability (P) of
a target lake in the final sample, which is
determined according to the following
equation:
P = 1/W = (n*/N*)q (1)
where n* = the size of the sample drawn
from the map population
N* = the size of the map population
q = the probability that a target lake
in the drawn sample is actually
visited; computed by dividing the
actual number of lakes visited
(n* - nnb - n ) by the number of
lakes intended to be visited
<"*-"*>
where nnb = the number of non-target
lakes in the original sample,
as determined from the maps,
and
nQ = the number of lakes not visited.
Hence, P is the probability of obtaining a
water sample from any target lake in the
stratum map population. Note that each lake
within a stratum has the same value of P and
hence the same W, but that lakes from
different strata can have different weights
depending on the values of n*, N*, or q. Within
a stratum, the estimated number of target
lakes in the map population is:
W(n***)
(2)
The use of equations 1 and 2 can be
illustrated with the data from Stratum 1A1. A
sample of 75 lakes (n*) was selected from a
map population of 711 lakes. Twelve lakes in
the sample were determined to be non-target
12
-------
MAP POPULATION
(N*)
SELECTED LAKES
(n*)
ESTIMATED NON-TARGET
LAKES SELECTED
MULTIPLY BY N*
ESTIMATED NON-TARGET
POPULATION SIZE (Nn)
ESTIMATED TARGET
POPULATION SIZE
(N = N*-Nn)
LAKES SCHEDULED FOR
VISITATION (n*-nnb)
LAKES VISITED
(n*-nnb-n0)
TARGET LAKES
VISITED (n***)
WEIGHTING FACTOR (W)
W=NVn***
= N*/n'
n'= EFFECTIVE
SAMPLE SIZE
Figure 3 -1. Procedures used to estimated target population size,
Eastern Lake Survey - Phase I.
13
-------
Table 3-1. Description of Sample and Target Population (Stratum Specific), Eastern Lake Survey - Phase I
SIR
N*
n*
W
SE(R)
SEft
1A1
1A2
1A3
1B1
1B2
1B3
1C1
1C2
1C3
1D1
1D2
1D3
1E1
1E2
1E3
2A1
2A2
2A3
2B1
2B2
2B3
2C1
2C2
2C3
2D1
2D2
2D3
3A1
3A2
3A3
3B1
3B2
3B3
711
542
431
208
96
1682
631
752
650
443
656
1568
1038
606
744
176
778
1178
118
250
1330
464
348
895
97
699
5351
19
76
443
1608
113
6332
75
65
68
70
70
68
88
70
74
70
95
93
130
74
72
60
62
85
74
100
80
60
60
60
90
85
70
19
60
100
140
113
181
57
51
47
49
48
47
63
54
47
47
43
37
89
48
41
56
46
48
41
57
48
50
56
49
40
53
48
11
47
44
52
62
36
9.633
8.338
6.719
3.192
1.477
27.209
7.822
10.743
8.953
6.572
6.905
19.426
8.070
8.344
10.333
3.038
14. 185
14.098
1 .878
2.579
17.208
8.340
6.007
15.459
1 .536
9.251
82.558
1 .071
1.343
4.792
13. 127
1 .000
38.705
549.08
425.24
315.79
156.41
70.90
1278.82
492.7
580.12
420.79
308.88
296.92
718.76
718.23
400.51
423.65
170.13
652.51
676.70
77.00
147.00
825.98
417.00
336.39
757.49
61 .44
490.30
3962.78
11 .78
63. 12
210.85
682.60
62.00
1393.38
33.08
26.13
22. 14
9.29
3.00
90.37
27.31
36.20
34.59
23.00
31 .14
85.22
39.71
31 .80
41 .55
3.43
37.60
61.79
4.89
9.83
71.69
17.77
7.56
41 .38
3.50
34.99
291 .82
0.58
1.93
20.58
69.30
0.00
203.05
78094
21460
19223
3851
2046
472762
26943
53804
20831
67439
8977
19523
89853
138490
70292
17419
105222
1361744
893
2776
30357
8044
10432
237968
1071
9027
216797
874
24432
319159
21763
18705
272468
20460
5690
6420
544
233
443077
9848
27942
4376
54729
1695
3784
26873
93036
18259
3382
55019
1213630
90
500
10842
1472
1382
107910
94
2103
58164
96
3914
138531
3917
0
232495
STR = Stratum
N* = Frame population
n* = Number of lakes in
the probability sample
n*** = Number of lakes sampled
W - Expansion factor
f) = Estimated target population size
SE(f3) = Standard error of N
X = Estimated area of target population
SEfi) = Standard error of A
lakes based on the examination of large-scale
maps (nnb), and one lake was not visited (n0).
Thus, the probability that a target lake in the
sample from Stratum 1A1 was actually visited
(q) is 62/63 = 0.984 and the probability of
obtaining a water sample from any target lake
in the map population (P) is 0.984(75/711) =
0.104. The value of W to be used in combining
data from Stratum 1A1 with data from any
other stratum is thus 1/0.104 = 9.633. Because
57 target lakes (n***) were sampled in Stratum
1A1, the estimated target population size (fl)
for the stratum is (9.633) (57) = 549 lakes.
The estimated target lake area in a stratum
(A) was calculated similarly by multiplying the
total area of visited target lakes (ZA) by the
stratum weight:
A = W(ZA) (3)
The variances of R and A, for single strata,
were estimated by:
N*[(N* - n')/(n'-1
14
-------
[n***/n'][(n'-n***)/n']
= N*[(N
* -
[1/n'][ZA -
(4)
(5)
N = ZW, and A = IWA,
(6)
where n', the "effective sample size," is used in
place of n* because of incomplete visitation
(i.e., n' = qn*). The standard errors are
calculated as the square roots of the
variances.
For estimates of populations covering
multiple strata, estimates and variances must
be computed within strata and added or else
computed with equations containing weights
(see below). Any explicitly defined subset of
the total population of target lakes in the East
is a subpopulation. Subpopulations can be
defined over any combination of strata. For
example, for any given variable X, there is a
subpopulation of lakes having a value x less
than or equal to a specified X. Subpopulation
definitions also can be based on geographic
boundaries such as states.
Estimates for subpopulations that are
defined within single strata can be generated
using formulae that are modifications of the
equations given above (mathematically
identical to the algorithms used in generating
all the statistics for the survey). To generate
single stratum subpopulation equations from 2
through 5, each n*** is replaced by by nz and
each Z by Z , where nz is the number of
sample lakes in the subpopulation z and Iz is
the summation over the sample lakes in the
subpopulation z.
For example, all 10 lakes (n ) sampled in
the Okefenokee Swamp are in Stratum 3B2,
which has W = 1.000 (Table 3-1). Thus, the
estimated target population size (N) for the
Okefenokee Swamp is (1.000)(10) = 10 lakes.
The 10 lakes have a combined area of 71 ha
(Z2A; thus, the estimated area (A) of the target
population in the Okefenokee Swamp is
(1.000)(71 ha) = 71 ha.
A useful generalization, appropriate for
any subpopulation and any combination of
strata, is that,
where summation is over the appropriate
subset of sample lakes matching the
subpopulation description and where the
values of W are assigned according to the
stratum in which the lake belongs.
The use of equation 6 can be illustrated
with the data for population estimates of acid
neutralizing capacity (ANC) by state. In
Florida, 140 lakes were sampled, 138 of which
had surface area < 2000 ha. Fifty-two of
these were in Stratum 3B1 with W = 13.127, 51
in Stratum 3B2 with W = 1.000, and 35 in
Stratum 3B3 with W = 38.705. The estimated
target population size (N) for Florida is
calculated by adding the product of n2 and W
for each stratum, which is the same as 52
(13.127) + 51 (1.000) + 35 (38.705) = 2,088
lakes. A subpopulation of the lakes in Florida
can be defined by a particular value for ANC (in
this example ANC <0 is used). There were 22
lakes in Stratum 3B1 with ANC <0, 9 lakes in
Stratum 3B2, and 4 lakes in Stratum 3B3.
Thus, the estimated number of lakes in Florida
with ANC £0 is [(22 x 13.127) + (9 x 1.000) + (4
x 38.705)] = 453; the estimated proportion is
453/2088 = 0.22.
A further generalization, used in data
analysis, leads to a similar formula for the
estimated variance of any variable, X, over any
subpopulation and combination of strata:
Variance(X) - ZWX2/EW - (IWX/ZW)2 (7)
where the set of sample lakes in the
summation defines the subpopulation of lakes
for which the variance is estimated.
The weighting factors are extremely
important. Estimating population parameters
from sample data without accounting for
weights can lead to erroneous calculations
and incorrect interpretation. Examining
relationships among variables with the
expectation that these relationships are
representative of the population should only be
done within strata or by using weighting
factors.
15
-------
By a method equivalent to calculating
subpopulation estimates (number of area of
lakes with values less than or equal to x) and
their associated upper confidence limits for all
possible values of X, cumulative frequency
distributions [F(x)] and cumulative areal
distributions [G(x)] were calculated. At any
value of x, these curves represent the
estimated proportion (in total number or area
of lakes) of the population having a value for
that variable less than or equal to x, with the
95 percent upper confidence limit for that
number. For some variables, interest is in the
number of lakes with values above a particular
value (e.g., sulfate > 50/^eq/L), so the inverses
of the cumulative frequency distributions [1-
F(x)] and of the cumulative areal distributions
[1-G(x)] were generated in a similar manner.
Quintiles and medians for these
cumulative frequency and areal distributions
were also calculated. The quintiles (Q1 and
Q4) reflect the estimated values of x
separating the distribution into five equal parts
(e.g., the 4th quintile is the 80th percentile).
The median is the estimated value of x such
that half the lakes in the population are
characterized by concentrations of the variable
equal to or less than the value of x.
3.3
RESTRICTIONS
The use and interpretation of any data
set are restricted by the design, the quality of
the data obtained, and the sampling protocols.
The map and target populations and the period
of sampling are the primary design
considerations influencing the proper
interpretation of the ELS-I data.
Estimates of the number of lakes within
an area are strongly affected by the map scale
used to define the map population. Use of
larger scale maps provides greater resolution
and allows smaller lakes to be identified and
included in the population under consideration.
The map scale used to define the map
population in ELS-I was 1:250,000, which
identified small lakes as approximately 4 ha.
Lakes identified from 1:24,000-scale maps can
be as small as 0.1 ha.
Comparisons of the results of ELS-I to
those from other lake surveys in the East must
be done with knowledge of the map scales
used to prepare the population estimates. No
direct conclusions can be drawn about the
population of lakes less than 4 ha from ELS-I
data. This restriction also applies to other
categories of non-target lakes defined in ELS-I.
The period of sampling restricts the
conclusions of ELS-I to the fall of 1984. The
accuracy of extrapolating the fall index sample
to other times of the year or to other years is
being investigated. The degree to which short
term, episodic events (e.g., spring smowmelt)
affect the estimated chemical characteristics
of eastern lake populations is not addressed.
3.4 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
3.4.1 Using Weights
The design of ELS-I requires that the
results be presented as population and/or
subpopulation estimates whenever
conclusions on combined strata are to be
drawn. Expansion factors or weights (W)
must be used when making combined strata
estimates of attributes for the populations of
lakes (Linthurst et al., 1986). Section 3.2
defines the weights and gives the estimating
equations.
All unweighted estimates must be made
within strata and means or other statistics
involving more than one stratum must be
calculated with the appropriate stratum
weights (Table 3-2). The correct way to
estimate the total number of lakes in two
strata below a reference value (in this example
pH <6.0) is to determine first the total number
of lakes in the sample below the reference
value in each stratum (n). The next step is to
determine the proportion of lakes in the
sample below the reference value for each
stratum (nc/n**: 2/56 = 0.0357 and 20/46 =
0.4348). Next, multiply the proportion of
sample lakes below the reference value in the
stratum by the estimated number of lakes in
the stratum population (N), which results in NC,
the estimated number of lakes in the stratum
16
-------
population below the reference value. Adding
the Rc for each stratum (2 + 20) yields the
combined stratum flc (22). The same answer
can be obtained by multiplying nc by W for
each stratum and summing the results.
The most accurate estimate for the
overall proportion of lakes in the designated
population below the reference value,
therefore, is 289.79/822.65 = 0.3523 (Table 3-
2). If the overall proportion of lakes below the
reference value were computed as 22/102 =
0.216 (nc/n*** for the sum of n and n*** for
both strata), the answer would be biased. For
example, there is an estimated total of 823
lakes in Strata 2A1 and 2A2. Using the correct
value of 0.3523 as pc, the estimated number of
lakes with pH < 6.0 would be 290. Using the
incorrect pc value of 0.216 (based on the
combined n In***), the estimated number of
lakes with pH £ 6.0 would be 178. Therefore,
the number of lakes estimated to have pH £
6.0 in both strata would be underestimated by
112 (290-178).
A less clear issue associated with the
design and weighting is the examination of
relationships among~ variables. Unweighted
analyses such as regressions or correlations
should not be used unless the relationships
between the variables are the same across
strata. Unless the relationships are
independent of alkalinity map class (and any
factor associated with the alkalinity map class
strata), unweighted estimates can be biased,
as can unweighted means or medians and
total numbers.
TABLE 3-2. Use of Weights In Combined Strata Estimation, Eastern Uke Survey-Phase I
Stratum
2A1
2A2
ft
170.13
652.52
n***
56
46
W
3.038
14.185
nc
2
20
pH <6.0
PC
0 . 0357
0.4348
"c
6.07
283.72
Combined
822.65
102
22
0.3523
289.79
ft = estimated number of lakes within an alkalinity map class stratum.
n*** = number of lakes from which samples were obtained.
W = weighting or expansion factor.
n - number of lakes in the probability sample with pH <6.0, the reference value.
p° = estimated proportion of lakes in the population which have a pH <6.0 (n In***).
R° = estimated number of lakes in the population which have a pH <6.0, the'reference value.
17
-------
4.0 SURVEY RESULTS
4.1 DESCRIPTION OF TARGET
POPULATION
4.1.1 Number of Lakes Sampled
A total of 2,681 probability sample lakes
were selected from the map population. Of
these, 805 were classified as non-target by
examination of large-scale maps, 151 were
classified as non-target when visited, and 113
were not visited (Table 2-2, P. 9). Data from
water samples collected from 1,612 lakes were
subsequently considered for use in making
population estimates. Twenty of these lakes,
which were larger than 2000 ha, were excluded
from population estimates. The number of
lakes on which population estimates are
based is 1,592.
Of the 199 special interest lakes selected,
186 were sampled. Data generated from
sampling special interest lakes are presented
in Volumes II and III of the ELS-I Report
(Overton et al., 1986 and Kanciruk et al., 1986,
respectively). Because these lakes were not
part of the random selection process,
weighting factors do not apply, and their
representativeness with respect to the
chemical characteristics of the lake
populations as a whole is uncertain.
4.1.2 Distribution of Lakes
During ELS-I, 763 probability sample lakes
and 115 special interest lakes were sampled in
the Northeast (Table 4-1). Based on the
sample size of probability sample lakes, it is
Table 4-1. Number of Lakes Sampled Within Each Subregion During the Eastern Lake Survey - Phase I
Region
1 : Northeast
2 : Midwest
3 : Southeast
TOTAL
Subregion
1A:
1B:
1C:
1D:
1E:
2A:
28:
2C:
2D:
3A:
38:
Adirondacks
Poconos/Catskills
Central New England
Southern New England
Maine
Northeastern
Minnesota
Upper Peninsula
of Michigan
Northcentral
Wisconsin
Upper Great Lakes
Area
Southern Blue Ridge
Florida
Estimated
Target
Population
Size'
1290 (47.6)
1479 (92.9)
1483 (57.5)
1318 (93.7)
1526 (68.0)
7096 (165.3)
1457 (74.3)
1050 (72.5)
1480 (48.8)
4515 (293.9)
8501 (31S.S)
258 (20.5)
2098 (212.6)
17,695
Probability
Sample
Lakes"
155
143
163
126
176
763
147
146
153
141
587
94
148
1,529
Special
Interest
Lakes0
48
12
49
0
6
115
9
10
32
1
52
10
9
186
Estimates are based on the number of probability sample lakes that were >4 ha and <2000 ha.
b Standard errors on target population size estimates are shown in parentheses.
The number of lakes sampled that were part of the probability sample.
The number of lakes sampled that were not part of the probability sample.
18
-------
estimated that the number of lakes in the
Northeast characterized by ELS-I is 7,096 with
a standard error of 165.3. The estimated
number of lakes characterized by ELS-I in the
other areas is: 8,50! in the Upper Midwest, 258
in the Southern Blue Ridge, and 2,098 in
Florida. The state in which the largest number
of probability sample lakes was sampled was
Wisconsin (253, Table 4-2); the most special
interest lakes sampled were in New York (48).
Table 4-2. Number of Lakes Sampled Within Each State
During the Eastern Lake Survey - Phase I
1 :
2:
3:
Probability
Sample
Region State Lakes
Northeast Connecticut 24
Massachusetts 97
Maine 225
New Hampshire 69
New Jersey 7
New York 191
Pennsylvania 106
Rhode Island 15
Vermont 29
Midwest Michigan 160
Minnesota 174
Wisconsin 253
Southeast Florida 138
Georgia 54
North Carolina 30
South Carolina 12
Tennessee 6
Virginia 2
Special
Interest
Lakes
0
0
6
17
12
48
0
0
32
11
10
31
9
1
7
0
2
0
" The number of lakes (>4 ha and <2000 ha)
actually sampled that were part of the
probability sample.
0 The number of lakes actually sampled that
were not part of the probability sample.
4.2 ESTIMATED CHEMICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
4.2.1 Chemical Comparisons
Six of the chemical variables measured
during ELS-I were selected for detailed
analysis because of their direct relevance to
the effects of acidic deposition on lake
chemistry. They are described below:
(1) pH: In some lakes, continuous inputs
of acids can result in decreases in pH
and ANC.
(2) ANC: In other lakes, ANC may
decrease before substantial
decreases in pH occur; therefore,
losses in ANC may serve as a better
indicator of acidification than
decreases in pH.
(3) Sulfate: Sulfate concentrations in
lake water can become elevated as a
result of sulfate deposition, one of
the key components of acidic
deposition.
(4) Extractable Aluminum: Acidification
of lakes can be accompanied by
elevated concentrations of aluminum
that can be toxic to aquatic
organisms, particularly fish.
(5) Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC): In
"colored" lakes, DOC is composed
primarily of organic acids of
terrestrial origin. These compounds
can serve as sources of hydrogen
ions (i.e., acidity). Thus, some lakes
may be acidic because of the
presence of organic acids and not
necessarily because of acidic
deposition.
(6) Calcium: Calcium, the dominant
cation in many lakes, is often
equivalent in concentration to
bicarbonate, a major component of
ANC. In lakes with low ANC, calcium
(if also low) could provide evidence
that the lake is potentially sensitive to
acidic deposition.
In the Northeast, an estimated 240 lakes
had pH <5.0 and 916 had pH <6.0 (Table 4-3).
In Florida a similar number of lakes (259) were
estimated to have pH <5.0 and substantially
fewer lakes (687) had pH <6.0.
By definition, lakes with ANC <0 jueq/L are
acidic; these lake waters have limited capacity
to neutralize acidic inputs. The overall results
19
-------
Tabla4-3.
Estimated Total Numbar of Lakaa (>4 ha and £2000 ha), and Numbar and Parcantaga of Ukaa with
Selected Valuaa of pH and ANC from Phaaa I of tha Eaatarn Laka Survay. Tha 95 Pareant Uppar
Confidence Umlta (UCL) for Laka Numbar ara Shown In Parentheaea* Thaaa Rafaranea Valuaa
Provide One Mechanism by Which Chamleal Characterization of Lakaa Within and Among Subraglona
IDat§ *M lrom Unthur>t ** *'•(1986)' Ov*rton 0t »'• <1M6>' «nd Kanelruk at al
PH
ANC (peq/L)
Total
Region/ Number
Subreglon of Lakes
Northeast 7096
Upper
Midwest 8501
Southern
Blue Ridge 258
Florida 2098
S5.0
Number
(UCL) %
240(314) 3.40
130(189) 1.5
0 (-) 0
259(385) 12.4
£6
Number
(UCL)
916(1056)
818(1036)
1 (2)
687 (878)
.0
%
12.9
9.61
0.4
32.7
SO ^200
Number
(UCL)
326(422)
48(209)
0 (-)
463(615)
Number
% (UCL)
4.6 4258(4513)
1.7 3518(3982)
0 88 (108)
22.0 1156(1413)
%
60.0
41.4
34.3
55.1
Upper confidence limits for values of zero are undefined.
for the Northeast and Upper Midwest indicate
that less than 5 percent and 2 percent,
respectively, of the lakes were acidic (Table 4-
3). The majority of these acidic lakes were
located in a single subregion in each area; 10.7
percent of the lakes in the Adirondacks (1A)
and 9.8 percent in the Upper Peninsula of
Michigan (2B) were acidic. In Florida, 22
percent of the lakes were acidic, while in the
Southern Blue Ridge, no acidic lakes were
sampled. The Northeast had the highest
number and percentage of lakes with ANC
<200/ieq/L (4,258 and 60.0%, respectively).
An estimated 1,846 lakes of the total
estimated target population (7,096) in the
Northeast had high sulfate concentrations
(;>150 j/eq/L; Table 4-4). Of the five
northeastern subregions surveyed, the highest
numbers of lakes with high sulfate
concentrations occurred in the
Poconos/Catskills (1B) and Southern New
England (1D). Fewer lakes with high sulfate
were found in the Upper Midwest and these
were concentrated in the Upper Great Lakes
Area (2D). Only 22 lakes in the Southern Blue
Ridge (3A) were estimated to have sulfate
concentrations s»150 jueq/L. In Florida (3B)
40.3 percent of the lakes in the target
population were estimated to have sulfate
concentrations >150/jeq/L
Extractable aluminum is an operationally
defined term used to describe forms of
aluminum that can be toxic to fish and other
aquatic organisms. Concentrations of
extractable aluminum were relatively low in all
areas surveyed. In the Northeast, 92
"clearwater" (true color ^30 platinum cobalt
units) lakes had high (>150 A/g/L) extractable
aluminum, and of these, 82 were located in the
Adirondacks (1A, Table 4-4). The only other
subregion where more than one percent of the
lakes were estimated to have high extractable
aluminum was Florida (3B) where 14 lakes
representing 1.5 percent of the target
population had concentrations >150jug/L
On a regional basis, a substantial
percentage of lakes contained DOC
concentrations &6 mg/L (Table 4-4). The
Upper Midwest contained, by far, the largest
number of high DOC lakes whereas the
number in the Southern Blue Ridge (3A) was
very small. Of the estimated 1,873 lakes in the
Northeast with high DOC, the highest number
(643) was located in Maine (1E). In the Upper
Midwest, the highest percentages were
20
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Table 4-4. Estimated Total Number of Lakes (>4 ha and <2000 ha), and Number and Percentage of Lakes with
Selected Values of Four Key Varlablesfrom Phase I of the Eastern Lake Survey. The 95 Percent Upper
Confidence Limits (UCL) for Lake Number are Shown In Parentheses . These Reference Values Provide
One Mechanism by Which Chemical Characterization of Lakes Within and Among Subreglons can be
Accomplished. [Data are from Unthurst et al. (1986), Overton et al. (1986), and Kanclruk et al. (1986)].
Region/
Subregion
Number
of Lakes
Sulfate
>150 /jeq/L
Number
(UCL) %
Extractable Al
>150 pg/L
Number
(UCL) %
Dissolved
Organic Carbon
>6 mg/L
Number
(UCL) %
Calcium
<50 /jeq/L
Number
(UCL)
%
Northeast 7096 1846 (2082) 26.0 92 (135) 2.0 1873 (2090) 26.4 359 (442) 5.1
8502 608 (932) 7.1
2 (4) 0.0 5351 (5938) 62.9 776 (997) 9.1
(36) 8.5 0 (0) (-) 16 (28) 6.1 31 (42) 12.0
Florida 2098 846 (1088) 40.3 14 (35) 1.5 1445 (1776) 68.9 402 (551) 19.2
Upper
Midwest
Southern 258 22
Blue Ridge
" Upper confidence limits for values of zero are undefined.
Data are for "clearwater" lakes only (i.e., with true color values <30 platinum cobalt units).
observed in Northeastern Minnesota (2A, the
subregion that contains the Boundary Waters
Canoe Area) and the Upper Great Lakes Area
(2D). In Florida (3B), 1,445 lakes, representing
an estimated 68.9 percent of the target
population, had high DOC.
On a regional basis, Florida (3B) had the
highest estimated percentage (19.2%) of lakes
with calcium concentrations <50 /jeq/L (Table
4-4). The largest number of lakes with low
calcium was located in the Upper Midwest; of
these, 324 were located in Northcentral
Wisconsin (2C), which comprised an estimated
21.9 percent of the target population. In the
Northeast, the highest percentage of lakes
with low calcium was observed in Southern
New England (1D, 10.1%) followed by the
dirondacks (1A, 8.3%).
4.3 POPULATION ESTIMATES
The ELS-I data were used to describe
lakes in the eastern United States by
producing cumulative frequency distributions.
Figure 4-1 is an example for ANC. For any
value of ANC shown on the x-axis, the
corresponding percentage of lakes estimated
to have ANC equal to or less than that value is
shown on the y-axis. Because these
distributions are estimated from sample data,
the 95 percent confidence limit is also given
(shown as a dashed line). For example, if the
percentage of lakes estimated to have ANC <0
fjeq/L is 22.0 and the 95 percent upper
confidence limit on this estimate is 29.3, one
would be 95 percent certain that the true
percentage of lakes with ANC <0 jueq/L is no
greater than 29.3.
The cumulative frequency distributions for
pH and ANC were distinctly different among
regions. Qualitative comparisons of the
distributions of ANC in the Northeast and
Upper Midwest indicate that overall the
northeastern lakes were characterized by
lower ANC (Figure 4-1). Very few lakes in the
Southern Blue Ridge were characterized by low
ANC although the percentage of Florida (3B)
lakes at the low end of the ANC range was
relatively high. Similar conclusions can be
drawn by comparing the distributions for pH
(Figure 4-2).
Although these curves serve to highlight
major differences among the regional
populations of lakes, they should not be used
to provide quantitative estimates. Instead, the
equations developed in the design can be used
to generate quantitative estimates of
21
-------
c
o
Q.
O
0.
4 ha
and £2000 ha In two regions and two subreglons sampled In the fall of 1984 during Phase I of the
Eastern Lake Survey. The dashed line Is the 95 percent upper confidence limit Population size Is
estimated; standard errors of these estimates are shown In parentheses. These plots can be used to
make qualitative comparisons among areas surveyed (e.g., the dots shown for the Northeast Indicate
that approximately 30 percent of the lakes have ANC £100 ueq/L). However, a complete description
of the use of the data base to make quantitative comparisons among areas Is contained In the data
report on the survey results [Unthurst et al. (1986), Overton et al. (1986), and Kanclruk et al. (1986)].
22
-------
80-
60-
40-
20-
O
D
CL
s.
4 ha and £2000 ha In two
regions and two subreglons sampled In the fall of 1984 during Phase I of the Eastern Lake Survey.
The dashed line Is the 95 percent upper confidence limit Population size Is estimated; standard
errors of these estimates are shown In parentheses. These plots can be used to make qualitative
comparisons among areas surveyed. Imprecise estimates can be obtained from the curve (e.g., the
dots shown for the Upper Midwest Indicate that approximately 10 percent of the lakes have pH 56.0).
However, a complete description of the use of the data base to make quantitative comparisons
among areas Is contained In the data report on the survey results [Unthurst et al. (1986), Overton et
al. (1986), and Kanclruk et al. (1986)].
23
-------
characteristics of target population lakes from
sample data. For comparisons within and
among regions, any value of a chemical or
physical variable of interest can be selected.
The values presented in Tables 4-3 and 4-4
were selected to quantify the number of lakes
(or the percentage of lakes) in the target
population that have a concentration equal to
or less than, or equal to or greater than, that
listed.
4.4 SUMMARY OBSERVATIONS
4.4.1 Extent and Location of Acidic
Lakes
The subregions in the eastern United States
that contain the largest proportion of acidic
(ANC <0 jueq/L) and low pH (<5,0) lakes are
the Adirondacks (1A), the Upper Peninsula of
Michigan (2B), and Florida (3B).
• Within the Northeast (Region 1), the
Adirondacks (1A) had the largest
estimated number (138) and percentage
(11%) of lakes with ANC <0 jueq/L,
followed by Southern New England (1D,
5%), and the Poconos/Catskills (1B, 5%).
Maine (1E) had the lower percentage of
acidic lakes (<1%). Most acidic lakes in
the Adirondacks (1A) occurred in the
western portion of the subregion.
« In the Upper Midwest (Region 2), 10
percent of the lakes in the Upper
Peninsula of Michigan (2B) had ANC <0
peq/L, and three percent in Northcentral
Wisconsin (2C) were acidic. In
Northeastern Minnesota (2A) and the
Upper Great Lakes Area (20) no acidic
takes were sampled.
* In the Southeast (Region 3), no acidic
lakes were sampled in the Southern
Blue Ridge (3A). In contrast, an
estimated 22 percent of the lakes in
Florida (38) had ANC <0 jueq/L
• Acidic lakes in the Northeast had higher
concentrations of sulfate, calcium, and
extractable aluminum than did acidic
lakes in the Upper Midwest and
Southeast.
4.4.2 Extent and Location of Low oH
The estimated number of lakes and lake
area with low pH (pH <5,0) also varied
substantially among and within regions.
• Within the Northeast, the Adirondacks
(1A) had the largest estimated number
(128) and percentage (10%) of lakes with
pH <5.0. Subregion 1D (Southern New
England) contained the second highest
estimated number (66) and percentage
(5%) and the largest area (2295 ha, 6%)
of low pH lakes. Maine (1E) had the
fewest lakes (8, <1%) and least area (95
ha) with pH <5.0.
• In the Upper Midwest, no lakes with pH
^5.0 were observed in Northeastern
Minnesota (2A) or the Upper Great Lakes
Area (2D). The Upper Peninsula of
Michigan (2B) was estimated to contain
99 lakes (9%) with pH <5.0.
• In the Southeast, no lakes with pH <5.0
were sampled in the Southern Blue Ridge
(3A). Florida (3B) had the highest
estimated number and percentage of
lakes (259, 12%) and the largest
estimated lake area with pH £5.0.
4.4.3 Additional Information
Results of ELS-I are presented in detail
in the three-volume report entitled
Characteristics of Lakes in the Eastern United
States (Linthurst et al., 1986; Overton et al,
1986; and Kanciruk et al., 1986). This three-
volume set is available through the Technical
Information Project.
24
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5.0 REFERENCES
Best, M.D., S. K. Drous6, L W. Creelman, and D. J. Chaloud. 1986. National Surface Water
Survey, Eastern Lake Survey (Phase I - Synoptic Chemistry) Quality Assurance Report.
EPA-600/X-86-210, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada, 168 p.
Drous6, S. K., D. C. J. Hillman, L W. Creelman, and S. J. Simon. 1986. National Surface Water
Survey, Eastern Lake Survey (Phase I - Synoptic Chemistry) Quality Assurance Plan. EPA-
600/4-86-008, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada, 211p.
Eilers, J. M., P. Kanciruk, R. A. McCord, W. S. Overton, L. Hook, D. L. Blick, D. F. Brakke, P. E.
Kellar, M. D. DeHaan, M. E. Silverstein, and D. H. Landers. 1987. Characteristics of Lakes in
the Western United States. Volume II: Data Compendium for Selected Physical and
Chemical Variables. EPA-600/3-86-054b, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., 425 p.
Hillman, D. C., J. F. Potter, and S. J. Simon. 1986. National Surface Water Survey, Eastern Lake
Survey (Phase I - Synoptic Chemistry) Analytical Methods Manual. EPA-600/4-86-009, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada, 208 p.
Kanciruk, P., J. M. Eilers, R. A. McCord, D. H. Landers, D. F. Brakke, and R. A. Linthurst. 1986.
Characteristics of Lakes in the Eastern United States. Volume III: Data Compendium of
Site Characteristics and Chemical Variables. EPA-600/4-86-007c, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 439 p.
Landers, D. H., J. M. Eilers, D. F. Brakke, W. S. Overton, R. D. Schonbrod, R. E. Crowe, R. A.
Linthurst, J. M. Omernik, S. A league, and E. P. Meier. 1987. Characteristics of Lakes in
the Western United States. Volume I: Population Descriptions and Physico-Chemical
Characteristics. EPA-600/3-86-054a, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., 176 p.
Linthurst, RA, D. H. Landers, J. M. Eilers, D. F. Brakke, W. S. Overton, E. P. Meier, and R. E.
Crowe. 1986. Characteristics of Lakes in the Eastern United States. Volume I: Population
Descriptions and Physico-Chemical Relationships. EPA-600/4-86-007a, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 136 p.
Morris, F. A., D. V. Peck, M. B. Bonoff, K. J. Cabbie, and S. L. Pierett. 1986. National Surface
Water Survey, Eastern Lake Survey (Phase I - Synoptic Chemistry) Field Operations Report.
EPA-600/4-86-010, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada, 46p.
Omernik, J. M. and G. E. Griffith. 1986. Total Alkalinity of Surface Waters: A Map of the Western
Region. EPA-600/D-85-219, Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, 52p.
Omernik, J. M. and C. F. Powers. 1983. Total Alkalinity of Surface Waters - A National Map. Ann.
Assoc. Am. Geog. 73: 133-136.
25
-------
Overton, W. S., P. Kanciruk, L A. Hook, J. M. Eilers, D. H. Landers, D. F. Brakke, D. J. Blick, Jr., R.
A. Linthurst, M. D. DeHaan, and J. M. Omernik. 1986. Characteristics of Lakes in the
Eastern United States. Volume II: Lakes Sampled and Descriptive Statistics for Physical
and Chemical Variables. EPA-600/4-86-007b, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C., 374p.
26
-------
APPENDIX A
DATA BASE DICTIONARY
Notice: This document contains proprietary information received from Oak Ridge National
Laboratory and has been reprinted here in full with the authors' permission.
A-1
-------
-------
ornl
OAK RlDGE
NATIONAL
LABORATORY
ORNL/TM-10153
ATXM77V4V MARIETTA
National Surface Water Survey:
Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I,
Data Base Dictionary
Paul Kanciruk
Merilyn Gentry
Raymond McCord
Les Hook
Joseph Eilers
Mary D. Best
Environmental Sciences Division
Publication No. 2778
«T
MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
m rat mm mm
0f f«|R61f
-------
Printed in the United States of America. Available from
National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161
NTIS price codes—Printed Copy: A06; Microfiche A01
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the
United StatesGovernment. Neither the U nited States Government nor any agency
thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or
assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or
usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or
represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein
to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its
endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or
any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not
necessarily state or reflect those of theUnitedStatesGovernment or any agency
thereof.
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DIVISION
NATIONAL SURFACE WATER SURVEY:
EASTERN LAKE SURVEY-PHASE I,
DATA BASE DICTIONARY
Paul KancirukJ Merilyn Gentry,2
Raymond McCord,2 Les Hook,2
Joseph Eilers,3 and Mary D. Best4
Environmental Sciences Division
Publication No. 2778
1 Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Oak Ridge, TN 37831
2Science Applications International Corporation, 800 Oak Ridge
Turnpike, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
3Northrop Services, Inc., 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333
4Lockheed-EMSCO, Inc., 1050 E. Flamingo Rd., Las Vegas, NV 98109
Date of Issue - September 1986
Prepared for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
under
Interagency Agreement No. 40-1441-84
Prepared by the
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
operated by
MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
for the
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
under Contract No. DE-AC05-840R21400
-------
NOTICE
This research was funded as part of the National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program (NAPAP) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). The research described in this report has not been subjected to
EPA's or NAPAP's required peer and policy review and therefore does not
necessarily reflect the views of these organizations and no official
endorsement should be inferred.
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an
agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States
Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes
any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or
responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any
information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents
that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or
service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not
necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or
favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The
views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state
or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
ii
-------
RELATED DOCUMENTS*
Anonymous, 1984. National Surface Water Survey, National Lake Survey -
Phase I, Research Plan. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., (internal document).
Best, M.D., L.W. Creelman, S.K. Drouse, and D.J. Chaloud, 1986.
National Surface Water Survey, Eastern Lake Survey - Phase I,
Quality Assurance Report. EPA 600/4-86-011, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Las Vegas, NV.
Drouse, S.K., D.C.J. Hillman, L.W. Creelman, J.F. Potter, and
S.J. Simon, 1986. National Surface Water Survey, Eastern Lake
Survey - Phase I, Quality Assurance Plan. EPA 600/4-86-008, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, NV.
Eilers, J.M., D.J. Blick, Jr., and M.S. DeHaan, 1986. National Surface
Water Survey, Eastern Lake Survey - Phase I. Validation of the
Eastern Lake Survey - Phase I Data Base. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR.
Hillman, D.C.J., J.F. Potter, and S.J. Simon, 1986. National Surface
Water Survey, Eastern Lake Survey - Phase I, Analytical Methods
Manual. EPA 600/4-86-009, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Las Vegas, NV.
Kanciruk, P., J.M. Eilers, R.A. McCord, D.H, Landers, D.F. Brakke, and
R.A. Linthurst, 1986. Characteristics of Lakes in the Eastern
United States. Volume III: Data Compendium of Site
Characteristics and Chemical Variables. EPA-600/4-86-007C, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Kanciruk, P., R.J. Olson, and R.A. McCord, 1986. Quality Control in
Research Databases: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
National Surface Water Survey Experience. IN W.K. Michener (ed.),
Research Data Management in the Ecological Sciences, The
Belle W. Baruch Library in Marine Science, No. 16, University of
South Carolina Press, 193-207.
Linthurst, R.A., D.H. Landers, J.M. Eilers, D.F. Brakke, W.S. Overton,
E.P. Meier, and R.E. Crowe, 1986. Characteristics of Lakes in the
Eastern United States. Volume I: Population Descriptions and
Physico-Chemical Relationships. EPA-600/4-86-007A, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Morris, F.A., D.V. Peck, M.B. Bonoff, and K.J. Cabbie, 1986. National
Surface Water Survey, Eastern Lake Survey - Phase I, Field
Operations Report. EPA 600/4-86-010, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Las Vegas, NV.
Overton, W.S., P. Kanciruk, L.A. Hook, J.M. Eilers, D.H. Landers,
D.J. Blick, Jr., D.F. Brakke, R.A. Linthurst, and M.S. DeHaan,
1986. Characteristics of Lakes in the Eastern United States.
Volume II: Lakes Sampled and Descriptive Statistics for Physical
and Chemical Variables. EPA-600/4-86-007B, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
*These documents fully describe the purpose, design, and results
of the U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I.
iii
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CONTENTS
Page
RELATED DOCUMENTS ill
LIST OF TABLES vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
ABSTRACT xi
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. DATA BASE DESIGN 3
3. DATA TAGS AND FLAGS 6
4. LIST OF VARIABLES 12
5. DEFINITION OF VARIABLES 25
6. CARD-IMAGE FORMAT DEFINITION 44
7. DATA TRANSPORT VERIFICATION 56
8. REFERENCES 77
------- OCR error (c:\conversion\JobRoot\000002M8\tiff\20006HZW.tif): Saving image to "c:\conversion\JobRoot\000002M8\tiff\20006HZW.T$F.T$F" failed.
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table
1 Summary of information collected during the
U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I 2
2 Characteristics of data sets 3 and 4 and the PC data set . 4
3 Tag code definitions, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-
Phase I 7
4 Flag code definitions, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-
Phase I • • v 8
5 List of variables, data set 3, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake
Survey-Phase I 13
6 List of variables, data set 4, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake
Survey-Phase I 19
7 List of variables, PC data set (all files),
U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I 23
8 Definition of variables, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-
Phase I 26
9 Card-image format definition, data set 3, U.S. EPA
Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I 45
10 Card-image format definition, data set 4, U.S. EPA
Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I 51
11 Card-image format definition, PC data set, U.S. EPA
Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I 55
12 Characteristics of numeric variables, data set 3,
U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I 57
13 Characteristics of numeric variables, data set 4,
U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I 60
14 Characteristics of numeric variables, PC data set,
file ELS-I.RG1, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I ... 62
15 Characteristics of numeric variables, PC data set,
file ELS-I.RG2, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I ... 63
16 Characteristics of numeric variables, PC data set,
file ELS-I.RG3, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I ... 64
vii
-------
Table Page
17 Characteristics of numeric variables, PC data set,
file ELS-I.SPC, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I ... 65
18 Card-image listing (first five lakes), data set 3,
U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I 66
19 Card-image listing (first five lakes), data set 4,
U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I 71
20 Card-image listing (first five lakes), PC data set,
file ELS-I.RG1, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I ... 76
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We gratefully acknowledge the many people who helped create the
Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I data base, including Cindy Wear and
Shelia Ladd (ORNL), Brooke Abbruzzesse, Jim Blick, Sharon Clarke,
Colleen Johnson, Mark DeHaan, Mark Mitch, and Barbara Rosenbaum
(Northrop Services, Inc.), John Fountain, David Hoff, Lynn W. Creelman,
Sevda R. Drouse, and Daniel C. J. Hillman (Lockheed-EMSCO, Inc.), and
Tricia Gregory (Science Applications International Corporation).
Without their expertise and their attention to numerous details, a
complex research data management project such as this could not have
succeeded.
We thank Dick Olson and Mike Sale (ORNL), Penny Keller (Radian
Corporation), and Sevda Drouse (Lockheed-EMSCO) for their reviews of
the manuscript. Jennifer Seiber is appreciated for careful document
preparation.
We especially thank the National Surface Water Survey management
team for the opportunity to work on an interesting and challenging
project.
IX
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ABSTRACT
Kanciruk, Paul, Merilyn Gentry, Raymond McCord, Les Hook,
Joseph Eilers, and Mary D. Best. 1986. National
Surface Water Survey: Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I,
Data Base Dictionary. ORNL/TM-10153. Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. 102 pp.
The Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I (ELS-I), conducted in the fall of
1984, was the first part of a long-term effort by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency known as the National Surface Water Survey. It was
designed to synoptically quantify the surface water quality of the
United States in areas expected to exhibit low buffering capacity.
This effort was in support of the National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program.
The survey involved a three-month field effort in which 1612
probability sample lakes and 186 special interest lakes in the
northeast, southeast, and upper midwest regions of the United States
were sampled. The data base supporting this effort was designed and
data management was implemented by the Environmental Sciences Division
of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
This document provides the information necessary for researchers
to transfer the ELS-I data base accurately to their own computer
systems. A data dictionary, this document also includes complete
descriptions of the variables in the data base and of the data set
formats.
Keywords: National Lake Survey; NSWS; Eastern Lake Survey; Water
Quality; Acidic Deposition; Acid Rain; EPA; Research Data
Management.
xi
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ORNL/TM-10153
1. INTRODUCTION
This data dictionary describes the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA's) Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I (ELS-I) data base. A
description of the purpose, design, and results of the survey is
contained in the three-volume report on the ELS-I (Linthurst et al.
1986, Overton et al. 1986, and Kanciruk et al. 1986). Table 1
summarizes the information collected during this survey.
This dictionary does not report the results of the survey, nor
does it describe its purpose, design, or protocols. The function of
the data base dictionary is to provide data managers and programmers
with the information necessary to correctly transfer the ELS-I data to
their own computer systems.
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ORNL/TM-10153
Table 1. Summary of information collected during the
U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase Ia
Geographic information
County
Elevation
Lake area
Lake ID
Lake name
Collected on the lake
Air temperature
Conductance
Depth
Latitude
Longitude
State
USGS map names
Watershed area
Number of inlets/outlets
PH
Secchi disk transparency
Measured in the field laboratory
Color
Dissolved inorganic carbon
PH
Watershed disturbances
Water temperature
Turbidity
Measured in the analytical laboratory
Acid neutralizing capacity
Air-equilibrated pH
Ammonium
Calcium
Chloride
C02 acidity
C03 alkalinity
Conductance
Calculated or interpolated
Dissolved inorganic carbon
Dissolved organic carbon
Extractable aluminum
Fluoride
Initial titration pH
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Mineral acidity
Nitrate
Phosphorus
Potassium
Silica
Sodium
Sulfate
Total aluminum
Anion deficit
Biocarbonate ion
Calculated conductance
Carbonate ion
Conductance
Deposition (H+, NOjf, SC>42)
Distance from ocean
Estimated hydraulic residence time
Lake volume
Organic anions
Precipitation
Runoff
Sum of anions
Sum of base cations
Sum of cations
Sum of cations/sum of anions
Watershed:lake area ratio
aFor a complete list of variables, see Sections 4 and 5. For a
description of the survey purpose, design and results, see the related
documents listed on p. iii of this report.
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3 ORNL/TM-10153
2. DATA BASE DESIGN
The ELS-I data base was developed at the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory (ORNL) on tandem IBM* 3033 mainframe computers using the
SAS1" statistical software system. The data were entered into a
series of relational (tabular) SAS files which, after error checking
and validation, were merged to create the data sets distributed for
public use. A complete description of data base design and
implementation is presented in Kanciruk, Olson, and McCord (1986).
There were two working data sets (1 and 2) used internally to
verify and validate the ELS-I data base. These are not distributed.
There are three distributed ELS-I data sets (Table 2), data set 3 (the
validated data set), data set 4 (the final data set), and a subset of
data set 4, distributed on IBM personal computer (PC) format disks.
Data sets 3 and 4 are distributed on magnetic tape in both SAS and
card-image formats. Data sets 3 and 4 have similar sets of variables,
but duplicate lake samples (collected for quality assurance purposes)
are identified separately only in data set 3. In data set 4 and the PC
data set the duplicate samples were averaged, and only the average
value was reported for each lake; additionally, some missing data were
substituted with estimates based upon duplicate analyses (Eilers et al.
1986). For example, if the pH meter was inoperative in the helicopter
and this pH measurement was missing, the value was substituted based on
the pH measurement taken at the field laboratory.
*IBM is the registered trademark of International Business
Machines Corporation, Boca Raton, Florida 33432.
tSAS is the registered trademark of SAS Institute Inc., Cary,
North Carolina 27511.
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 2. Characteristics of data sets 3 and 4 and the PC data set
Characteristic
Format,
media
Number of files
File names3
Approximate
size in MBytes
Number of
observations
Number of
variables
Duplicate
lake samples
Number of
observations
per lake
Tags present
Flags present
Hissing data
Hissing value
representation0
Unique key
Data set 3
(validated)
SAS or card image,
9 traek magtape
1
ELSI.SAS(DSS)
(SAS format)
ELSI.DS3C
(Card format)
4.9
1922
254
Retained
1 or 2
Yes
Yes
Not
substituted
-999 if numeric,
space if character
LAKEJD with
SAHCQD
Data set 4
(final)
SAS or card image,
9 track magtape
1
ELSI.SAS(DS4)
(SAS format)
ELSI.DS4C
(Card format)
2.6
1798
150
Averaged
1
No
Yes
Substituted
when possible''
-999 if numeric,
space if character
LAKEJD
PC data set
(final)
Card image,
IBM PC disks
4
ELS-I.RG1 (Reg. 1)
ELS-I.RG2 (Reg. 2)
ELS-I.RG3 (Reg. 3)
ELS-I.SPC (Special)
0.6 (total)
1798
47
Averaged
1
No
No
Substituted
when possible*1
-999 if numeric,
space if character
LAKEJD
^Magnetic tape files may or may not be named. PC data files are always named
DEilers et al. (1986).
cHissing value representation is for card-image files only. Standard SAS
notation for missing values is used in the SAS files.
-------
5 ORNL/TM-10153
Data set 4 was used for analyzing and reporting results in
Linthurst et al. (1986), Overton et al. (1986), and Kanciruk et al.
(1986). Data set 3 is useful when the researcher desires unaveraged,
unsubstituted data. In data set 3, LAKE_ID concatenated with SAMCOD is
the unique record identifier. Data set 4 or the PC data set is more
appropriate for general analysis, with LAKE_ID being the unique record
identifier. The PC data set (four files - one for probability sample
lakes in each region and one for all special lakes) is smaller and
duplicates information presented in the tables in Kanciruk et al.
(1986).
-------
ORNL/TM-10153 6
3. DATA TAGS AND FLAGS
In addition to the ELS-I analytic and descriptive variables, some
variables are designated as "tags" or "flags". These variables are
data qualifiers that provide additional information for an individual
value. Tags are one-letter codes contained in a variable that were
used to qualify data as they were recorded on the field or laboratory
data forms. For example, if a pH reading was not acceptable because
the pH meter was slow to stabilize, or was erratic, and a second
attempt was necessary, then the pH was recorded with a tag, "B", to
associate this information specifically with this variable. Tag
variable names have the same name as the variable they qualify, but
with the suffix "T". A list of tag codes is given in Table 3. Tags
are provided only in data set 3.
Flags are two-character codes (Table 4) which also qualify data.
Flags were not entered by the observer taking the measurement, but were
entered during the data verification and validation process. For flag
variable names, an "F" was appended to the name of the variable being
qualified.
Both tags and flags can contain multiple, concatenated codes.
Variables which are tags or flags are included in the list of variables
presented in Sect. 4. The use of tags and flags during the ELS-I is
described in Kanciruk, Olson, and McCord (1986). Analytical quality
assurance (QA) and validation procedures, including QA flagging, are
provided in Best et al. (1986), Drouse et al. (1986), and Eilers et al.
(1986).
-------
7 ORNL/TM-10153
Table 3. Tag code definitions, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Tag
code Definition3
A Instrument unstable.
B Redone, first reading not acceptable.
C Instruments and sampling gear not vertical in water column.
D Slow stabilization.
E HYDROLAB cable too short.
F Results outside of criteria with consent of the quality
assurance manager.
J Results not available; insufficient sample volume shipped
to the analytical laboratory from the field.
K Results not available; entire aliquot not shipped.
L Results not available due to interference.
M Results not available; sample lost or destroyed by
analytical laboratory.
N Not required.
R Results from reanalysls.
S Contamination suspected.
T Leaking container.
U Results not required by procedure; unnecessary.
X User-defined on the field form (defined 1n variable TA6_X).
Y User-defined on the field form (defined 1n variable TA6_Y).
I User-defined on the field form (defined 1n variable TAG_Z).
< Measurements taken at <1.5 m.
aFor a description of the analytical quality assurance
verification process, see Best et al. (1986) and Drouse et al. (1986)
Note: Tags are Included only in data set 3.
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 4. Flag code definitions, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Flag
code Definition3
AO Anion/cation percent ion balance difference was outside of
criteria due to unknown cause.
Al Anion/cation percent ion balance difference was outside of
criteria due to nitrate contamination.
A2 Anion/cation percent ion balance difference was outside of
criteria due to anion (other than nitrate) contamination.
A3 Anion/cation percent ion balance difference was outside of
criteria due to cation contamination.
A4 Anion/cation percent ion balance difference was outside of
criteria due to unmeasured organic protolytes (fits Oliver Model
Hillman et al. 1986). '
A5 Anion/cation percent ion balance difference was outside of
criteria due to possible analytical error; anion concentration
too high.
A6 Anion/cation percent ion balance difference was outside of
criteria due to possible analytical error; cation concentration
too low.
A7 Anion/cation percent ion balance difference was outside of
criteria due to possible analytical error; anion concentration
too low.
A8 Anion/cation percent ion balance difference was outside of
criteria due to possible analytical error; cation concentration
too high.
BO External (field) blank was above expected criteria. (For pH
DIG, DOC, conductance, alkalinity, and acidity determinations
where the blank was above expected criteria).
Bl Internal (laboratory) blank was greater than twice the required
detection limit. (This flag used for pH, DIC, DOC, conductance,
alkalinity, and acidity determinations where the blank was above
expected criteria).
-------
9 ORNL/TM-10153
Table 4. (continued)
Flag
code Definition3
82 External (field) blank was above expected criteria and
contributed more than 20% to sample values which were greater
than ten times the required detection limit. (Flag not used
for pH, DIG, DOC, acidity, or alkalinity determinations.)
B3 Internal (laboratory) blank was more than twice the required
detection limit and contributed more than 10% to the sample
concentrations which were greater than ten times the required
detection limit. (Flag not used for pH, DIC, DOC, acidity, or
alkalinity determinations.)
84 Potential negative sample bias based on internal (laboratory)
blank data.
85 Potential negative sample bias based on external (field) blank
data.
CO Percent conductance difference was outside of criteria due to
an unknown cause (possible analytical error; ion concentration
too high).
Cl Percent conductance difference was outside of criteria due to
possible analytical error; anion concentration too high.
C2 Percent conductance difference was outside of criteria due to
anion contamination.
C3 Percent conductance difference was outside of criteria due to
cation contamination.
C4 Percent conductance difference was outside of criteria due to
unmeasured organic anions (fits Oliver Model, Hillman et al.
1986).
C5 Percent conductance difference was outside of criteria due to
possible analytical error in conductivity measurement.
C6 Percent conductance difference was outside of criteria due to
possible analytical error; anion concentration too low.
C7 Percent conductance difference was outside of criteria due to
unmeasured protolyte anions (does not fit Oliver Model,
Hillman et al. 1986).
C8 Percent conductance difference was outside of criteria due to
possible analytical error; cation concentration too low.
-------
ORNL/TM-10153 10
Table 4. (continued)
Flag
code Definition3
C9 Percent conductance difference was outside of criteria due to
possible analytical error; cation concentration too high.
DO External (field) duplicate precision exceeded the maximum
expected percent relative standard deviation, but either the
routine or the duplicate concentration was greater than ten times
the required detection limit.
02 External (field) duplicate precision exceeded the maximum
expected percent relative standard deviation, and both the
routine and the duplicate sample concentrations were greater than
ten times the required detection limit.
D3 Internal (laboratory) duplicate precision exceeded the maximum
required percent relative standard deviation, and both the
routine and duplicate sample concentrations were greater than ten
times the required detection limit.
FO Percent conductance difference exceeded criteria when HYDROLAB
conductivity value was substituted.
Fl Protolyte analysis program indicated field pH problem when
HYDROLAB pH value was substituted.
F2 Protolyte analysis program indicated unexplained field pH/DIC
problem when HYDROLAB pH value was substituted.
HO The maximum holding time criteria were not met.
N5 N03 data obtained from analysis of aliquot 5.
PO Field problem; station pH.
PI Field problem; station DIG.
P2 Field problem; unexplained (pH/DIC).
P3 Laboratory problem; initial alkalinity pH.
-------
n ORNL/TM-10153
Table 4. (continued)
Flag
code Definition3
P4 Laboratory problem; initial acidity pH.
P5 Laboratory problem; unexplained, initial pH (acidity/alkalinity).
P6 Laboratory problem; initial DIG.
P7 Laboratory problem; air-equilibrated pH/DIC.
P8 Laboratory problem; unexplained, initial pH/DIC.
P9 Laboratory problem; alkalinity determination.
UO Known error based on relationships with other variables and/or
impossible values; substitutions were made in data set 4.
Ul Value is a substitution, original value was missing.
U2 Value is a substitution, original value was considered to be
in error.
VO Data value represents the average from a duplicate split and
measurement of the lake sample.
VI Data value is from the duplicate sample and is not averaged
because the regular sample had "WO" flag limitations.
WO Data value has possible measurement error, based on relationships
with other variables, has QA violations, or is outside of QA
windows for acceptable data.
ZO Original value was less than zero and has been replaced with zero.
Zl Value was less than the "system decision limit (nonparametric)."
aFor a description of the analytical quality assurance
verification process and validation methods, see Best et al. (1986),
Grouse et al. (1986), and Eilers et al. (1986).
-------
ORNL/TM-10153 12
4. LIST OF VARIABLES
Table 5 lists the 254 variables in data set 3. It is alphabetized
by variable name and provides variable type (numeric or character),
length (in bytes, as structured in SAS), format (if any) and the SAS
label. Table 6 provides this information for the 150 variables in data
set 4, and Table 7 describes the 47 variables in the PC data set.
Units of measure are defined in Sect. 5.
Variable labels are printed as they appear in the SAS data sets.
To assure accuracy, these lists are unedited file transfers from the
mainframe computer. The use of all capital letters and "UEQ/L" for
"iieq/1" and "US" for "us/cm" are some unavoidable constraints on
the aesthetics of table presentation imposed by limitations of the
mainframe computer character set.
To avoid confusion, it is recommended that programmers loading
data into their local software systems retain original variable names
and labels when possible.
-------
13
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 5. List of variables, data set 3, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Variable
ACC011
ACC011F
ACC011T
ACM11
ACM1 1 T
AIRTMP
ALEX11
ALEX11F
ALKA11
ALKA11F
ALKA1 1 T
ALKC11
ALKC11T
ALTL11
ALTL11F
ALTL11T
ANCAT
ANDEF
ANSUM
ANSUMF
BAT ID
BAT IDT
BNSTAR
CATSUM
CATSUMF
CA11
CA11F
CA11T
CAT 6
CL11
CL11F
CL11T
CL16
COLVAL
COLVALF
COLVALT
COMMNT
COM01
CON B
CON BT
CON 1
CON 10
CON 2
Type
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
Length
8
12
6
8
6
8
8
12
8
12
6
8
6
8
12
6
8
8
8
12
6
6
8
8
12
8
12
6
8
8
12
6
8
8
6
6
150
120
8
6
8
8
8
SAS label3
ACIDITY-C02 (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR ACC011
TAG FOR ACC011
ACIDITY-MINERAL (UEQ/L)
TAG FOR ACM11
AIR TEMP (DEG C)
EXT. ALUMINUM (UG/L)
FLAG FOR ALEX11
ALKALINITY (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR ALKA11
TAG FOR ALKA11
ALKALINITY-COS (UEQ/L)
TAG FOR ALKC11
TOTAL ALUMINUM (UG/L)
FLAG FOR ALTL11
TAG FOR ALTL11
CATSUM/ANSUM
CATSUM - ANSUM (UEQ/L)
SUM OF ANIONS (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR ANSUM
BATCH ID
TAG FOR BAT ID
POPULATION SIZE BY STRATA
SUM OF CATIONS (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR CATSUM
CALCIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR CA11
TAG FOR CA11
CALCIUM (UEQ/L)
CHLORIDE (MG/L)
FLAG FOR CL11
TAG FOR CL11
CHLORIDE (UEQ/L)
COLOR (PCU)
FLAG FOR COLVAL
TAG FOR COLVAL
COMMENT FROM FORM 2
COMMENT FORM 01
CONDUCTIVITY AT BOTTOM-1 .
TAG FOR CON B
CONDUCTIVITY AT 4 OR 5 M
CONDUCTIVITY AT 50 M (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 6 OR 10 M
5M (US)
(US)
(US)
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
14
Table 5. (continued)
Variable
CON 3
CON 4
CON 5
CON 6
CON 60
CON 60T
CON 7
CON 8
CON 9
CONCAL
CONCALF
CONDI!
CONDI! F
CONDI IT
CONFI
CONFIT
CONIN
CONTOP
CONTOPF
CONTOPT
COUNTY
C0316
C0316F
CRW ID
DATADD
DATENT
DATRE
DATREC
DATSHP
DATSMP
DICE!!
DICE11F
DICE11T
DICI11
DICI11F
DICI11T
DICQCS
DICQCST
DICVAL
DICVALF
DICVALT
DISM
Type
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
Length
8
8
8
8
8
6
8
8
8
8
20
8
12
6
8
6
8
8
6
6
5
8
12
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
6
8
12
6
8
6
8
6
6
8
SAS label3
CONDUCTIVITY AT 8 OR 15 M (.US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 10 OR 20 M (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 12 OR 25 M (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 14 OR 30 M (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT .6*DEPTH (US)
TAG FOR CON 60
CONDUCTIVITY AT 16 OR 35 M (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 18 OR 40 M (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 20 OR 45 M (US)
CALC. SP. COND. (US)
FLAG FOR CONCAL
CONDUCTIVITY-ANAL LAB (US)
FLAG FOR COND11
TAG FOR COND11
CONDUCTIVITY FINAL CALIB (US)
TAG FOR CONFI
CONDUCTIVITY INITIAL CALIB (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT SURFACE (1.5M) (US)
FLAG FOR CONTOP
TAG FOR CONTOP
FIPS CODE(ST, COUNTY)
CARBONATE ALKALINITY (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR C0316
CREW ID FORM 1
DATE ADDED TO RAW DATASET
DATE ENTERED FORM 1
DATE REENTERED FORM 1
DATE RECEIVED BY ORNL FORM 1
DATE SHIPPED FORM 2
DATE SAMPLED FORM 1
EQUIL DIC-ANAL LAB (MG/L)
FLAG FOR DICE11
TAG FOR DICE11
INITIAL DIC-ANAL LAB (MG/L)
FLAG FOR DICIll
TAG FOR DICI11
DIC QCCS - FIELD LAB (MG/L)
TAG FOR DICQCS
DIC - FIELD LAB (MG/L)
FLAG FOR DICVAL
TAG FOR DICVAL
DISTANCE FROM COAST (KM)
-------
15
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 5. (continued)
Variable
DOC11
DOC11F
OOC11T
DP B
OP BT
DP CAT
DP TOP
DP TOPT
DP 60
DP 60T
ELEV
FE11
FE11F
FE11T
FTL11
FTL11F
FTL16
HC0316
HC0316F
HDEP
HYD ID
HYDROTYP
HI 6
H16F
IN OUT
INLETS
INLETST
Kll
K11F
K11T
K16
LABNAM
LAKE ID
LAKE SIZ
LAKE VOL
LAKEID1
LAKEID1T
LAKENAHE
LAT
LAT DD
LONG
LONG DD
Type
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
Length
8
12
6
8
6
8
8
6
8
6
8
8
12
6
8
12
8
8
12
8
2
9
8
12
6
8
6
8
12
6
8
30
7
4
8
7
4
30
10
4
11
4
SAS label3
DOC-ANAL LAB (M6/L)
FLAG FOR DOC11
TAG FOR DOC11
DEPTH AT BOTTOM-!. 5M (M)
TAG FOR DP B
DEPTH CATEGORY 4=<20M 5=>20M
DEPTH AT SURFACE (1.5M) (M)
TAG FOR DP TOP
DEPTH .6*BOTTOM (M)
TAG FOR DP 60
LAKE ELEVATION (M)
IRON (UG/L)
FLAG FOR FE11
TAG FOR FE11
FLUORIDE (M6/L)
FLAG FOR FTL11
FLUORIDE (UEQ/L)
HC03 (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR HC0316
HYDROGEN ION DEPOSITION (G/M**2/YR)
HYDROLAB ID FORM 1
HYDROLOGIC TYPE
HYDRONIUM FROM PHAC (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR HI 6
PRESENCE/ABSENCE OF INLETS/OUTLETS
INLETS (#)
TAG FOR INLETS
POTASSIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR Kll
TAG FOR Kll
POTASSIUM (UEQ/L)
LABORATORY FOR ANALYSIS
LAKE ID
LAKE SURFACE AREA (HA)
CALC LAKE VOL (10**6 CU M)
ERLD-UMD ID/ALSC WSHED-POND ID
TAG FOR LAKEID1
LAKE NAME
LATITUDE
LATITUDE (DECIMAL DEGREES)
LONGITUDE
LONGITUDE (DECIMAL DEGREES)
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
16
Table 5. (continued)
Variable
MAP BIG
MAP SML
MG11
MG11F
MG11T
MG16
MN11
MN11F
MN11T
NA11
NA11F
NA11T
NA16
NH411
NH411F
NH416
N03DEP
N0311
N0311F
N0311T
N0316
NUSAM
ORGION
ORGIONF
OUTLET
PH B
PH BT
PH TOP
PH TOPF
PH TOPT
PH 60
PH 60T
PHAC11
PHAC11F
PHAC11T
PHAL11
PHAL11F
PHAL11T
PHEQ11
PHEQ11F
PHFI01
PHFI01T
Type
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
Length
25
40
8
12
6
8
8
12
6
8
12
6
8
8
12
8
8
8
12
6
8
8
8
12
8
8
6
8
6
6
8
6
8
12
6
8
12
6
8
12
8
6
SAS label9
MAP SHEET NAME (1:250
MAP SHEET NAME, 15 OR
MAGNESIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR MG11
TAG FOR MG11
MAGNESIUM (UEQ/L)
MANGANESE (UG/L)
FLAG FOR MN11
TAG FOR MN11
SODIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR NA11
TAG FOR NA11
SODIUM (UEQ/L)
AMMONIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR NH411
AMMONIUM (UEQ/L)
,000 SCALE)
7.5 QUAD
NITRATE DEPOSITION (G/M**2/YR)
NITRATE (MG/L)
FLAG FOR N0311
TAG FOR N0311
NITRATE (UEQ/L)
NUMBER OF SAMPLES IN
ORGANIC ANION (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR ORGION
OUTLETS (#)
PH AT BOTTOM-1.5M
TAG FOR PH B
PH AT SURFACE (1.5M)
FLAG FOR PH TOP
TAG FOR PH TOP
PH AT .6*DEPTH
TAG FOR PH 60
PH-ACIDITY INITIAL
FLAG FOR PHAC11
TAG FOR PHAC11
PH-ALKALINITY INITIAL
FLAG FOR PHAL11
TAG FOR PHAL11
PH-AIR EQUILIBRATED
FLAG FOR PHEQ11
PH FINAL CALIB
TAG FOR PHFI01
THE BATCH
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 5. (continued)
Variable
PHIN01
PHIN01T
PHSTQC
PHSTVL
PHSTVLF
PHSTVLT
PHTAZ1
PHTAZ2
PHTLAP
PHTNU1
PHTNU2
PRECIP
PTL11
PTL11F
PTL11T
REG SPC
REGION
RT
RUNIN
RUNOFF
SAM ID
SAM IDF
SAM IDT
SAMCOD
SECDIS
SECDISF
SECDIST
SECMEAN
SECREA
SECREAF
SECREAT
SI0211
SI0211F
SI0211T
SITDPF
SITDPM
SITDPMT
SOBC
SOBCF
S04DEP
S0411
S041 1 F
Type
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
Length
8
6
8
8
6
6
3
3
2
2
2
8
8
12
6
16
1
8
8
8
6
12
6
8
8
6
6
8
8
6
6
8
12
6
8
8
6
8
12
8
8
12
SAS label3
PH INITIAL CALIB
TAG FOR PHIN01
PH QCCS - FIELD LAB
PH - FIELD LAB
FLAG FOR PHSTVL
TAG FOR PHSTVL
AZIMUTH OF 1ST PHOTO (DEG)
AZIMUTH OF 2ND PHOTO (DEG)
FRAME NUMBER FOR LAPCARD
FRAME NUMBER OF PHOTO 1
FRAME NUMBER OF PHOTO 2
PRECIPITATION (M/YR)
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (UG/L)
FLAG FOR PTL11
TAG FOR PTL11
REG SPEC LTM NRC DEW DER SAMPLE CLASS
NSWS REGION
RESIDENCE TIME (YR)
ANNUAL RUNOFF INCHES FROM DIGIT MAP
SURFACE WATER RUNOFF (M/YR)
SAMPLE ID
FLAG FOR SAM ID
TAG FOR SAM ID
SAMPLE CODE
SECCHI DISAPPEAR DEPTH (M)
FLAG FOR SECDIS
TAG FOR SECDIS
SECCHI, MEAN DEPTH (M)
SECCHI REAPPEAR DEPTH (M)
FLAG FOR SECREA
TAG FOR SECREA
SILICA (MG/L)
FLAG FOR SI0211
TAG FOR SI0211
SITE DEPTH (FT)
SITE DEPTH (M)
TAG FOR SITDPM
SUM OF BASE CATIONS (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR SOBC
SULFATE DEPOSITION (G/M**2/YR)
SULFATE (MG/L)
FLAG FOR S0411
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
18
Table 5. (continued)
Variable
S041 1 T
S0416
SPLCOD
ST
STA ID
STRAT
STRATA
SUB RGN
TAG X
TAG Y
TAG Z
T1MSMP
TMP B
TMP BT
TMP 1
TMP 10
TMP 2
TMP 3
TMP 4
TMP 5
TMP 6
TMP 60
TMP 60T
TMP 7
TMP 8
TMP 9
TMPDF1
TMPDF1T
TMPDF2
TMPDF2T
TMPTOP
TMPTOPT
TURQCS
TURVAL
TURVALF
TURVALT
MALA
WEIGHT1
WS DIS
WS OTH
WSHED
Type
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
Length
6
8
4
2
6
6
3
1
40
20
20
8
8
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
6
8
8
8
8
6
8
6
8
6
8
8
6
6
8
8
8
25
8
SAS label3
TAG FOR S0411
SULFATE (UEQ/L)
SPLIT CODES
STATE (TWO-LETTER ABBREV)
STATION ID FORM 2
STRATI FICATION( NONE .WEAK , STRONG)
NSWS STRATA
NSWS SUBREGION
MEANING OF TAG X FORM 1
MEANING FOR TAG Y FORM 1
MEANING FOR TAG Z FORM 1
TIME SAMPLED (24 H) HH:MM
TEMPERATURE AT BOTTOM-!. 5M (DEG C)
TAG FOR TMP B
TEMPERATURE AT 4 OR 5 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 50 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 6 OR 10 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 8 OR 1 5 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 10 OR 20 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 12 OR 25 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 14 OR 30 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT .6*DEPTH (DEG C)
TAG FOR TMP 60
TEMPERATURE AT 16 OR 35 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 18 OR 40 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 20 OR 45 M (DEG C)
TEMP DIF TOP-BOTTOM (DEG C)
TAG FOR TMPDF1
TEMP DIF TOP-.6*DEPTH (DEG C)
TAG FOR TMPDF2
TEMPERATURE AT SURFACE (1.5M) (DEG C)
TAG FOR TMPTOP
TURBIDITY QCCS - FIELD LAB (NTU)
TURBIDITY - FIELD LAB (NTU)
FLAG FOR TURVAL
TAG FOR TURVAL
WATERSHED AREA/LAKE AREA
POP. EXTRAPOLATION FACTOR
D)WELL I)ND L)OG M)INE R)OAD S)TOCK
DISTURB W/I 100M - OTHER
WATERSHED AREA (HA)
aLabels are provided only in the SAS-formatted version of data set 3.
-------
19
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 6. List of variables, data set 4, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Variable
AIRTMP
ALEX11
ALEX11F
ALKA11
ALKA11F
ALTL11
ALTL11F
ANCAT
ANDEF
ANSUM
ANSUMF
BAT ID
BAT IDF
BNSTAR
CATSUM
CATSUMF
CA11
CA11F
CA16
CL11
CL11F
CL16
COLVAL
COLVALF
CON B
CON 60
CONCAL
CONCALF
CONDI 1
CONDI IF
CONTOP
CONTOPF
COUNTY
C0316
C0316F
DATSMP
DICE11
DICE11F
DICI11
DICI11F
DICVAL
DICVALF
DISH
Type
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
Length
8
8
12
8
12
8
12
8
8
8
18
6
6
8
8
18
8
12
8
8
12
8
8
6
8
8
8
18
8
12
8
6
5
8
12
8
8
12
8
12
8
6
8
SAS label9
AIR TEMP (DEG C)
EXT. ALUMINUM (UG/L)
FLAG FOR ALEX11
ALKALINITY (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR ALKA11
TOTAL ALUMINUM (UG/L)
FLAG FOR ALTL11
CATSUM/ANSUM
CATSUM - ANSUM (UEQ/L)
SUM OF ANIONS (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR ANSUM
BATCH ID
FLAG FOR BAT ID
POPULATION SIZE BY STRATA
SUM OF CATIONS (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR CATSUM
CALCIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR CA11
CALCIUM (UEQ/L)
CHLORIDE (MG/L)
FLAG FOR CL11
CHLORIDE (UEQ/L)
COLOR (PCU)
FLAG FOR COLVAL
SP. COND. (LOWER HYDROLAB SAMPLE), (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT .6*DEPTH (US)
CALC. SP. COND. (US)
FLAG FOR CONCAL
CONDUCTIVITY-ANAL LAB (US)
FLAG FOR CONDI 1
SP. COND. (UPPER HYDROLAB SAMPLE), (US)
FLAG FOR CONTOP
FIPS CODE(ST, COUNTY)
CARBONATE ALKALINITY (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR C0316
DATE SAMPLED FORM 1
EQUIL DIC-ANAL LAB (MG/L)
FLAG FOR DICE11
INITIAL DIC-ANAL LAB (MG/L)
FLAG FOR DICI11
DIC - FIELD LAB (MG/L)
FLAG FOR DICVAL
DISTANCE FROM COAST (KM)
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
20
Table 6. (continued)
Variable
DOC11
DOC11F
DP B
DP TOP
DP 60
ELEV
FEU
FE11F
FTL11
FTL11F
FTL16
HC0316
HC0316F
HDEP
HYD ID
HYDROTYP
HI 6
H16F
JU OUT
INLETS
Kll
K11F
K16
LABNAM
LAKE ID
LAKE SIZ
LAKE VOL
LAKEID1
LAKEID1T
LAKENAME
LAT
LAT DO
LONG
LONG DD
MAP BIG
MAP SML
MG11
MG11F
MG16
MN11
MN11F
NA11
Type
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
Length
8
12
8
8
8
8
8
12
8
12
8
8
12
8
2
9
8
12
6
8
8
12
8
30
7
4
8
7
4
30
10
4
11
4
25
40
8
12
8
8
12
8
SAS label3
DOC-ANAL LAB (MG/L)
FLAG FOR DOC11
DEPTH AT BOTTOM-1.5M (M)
DEPTH AT SURFACE (1.5M) (M)
DEPTH .6*BOTTOM (M)
LAKE ELEVATION (M)
IRON (UG/L)
FLAG FOR FE11
FLUORIDE (MG/L)
FLAG FOR FTL11
FLUORIDE (UEQ/L)
HC03 (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR HC0316
HYDROGEN ION DEPOSITION (G/M**2/YR)
HYDROLAB ID FORM 1
HYDROL06IC TYPE
HYDROGEN (UEQ/L) FROM PHAC
FLAG FOR HI 6
PRESENCE/ABSENCE OF INLETS/OUTLETS
INLETS (#)
POTASSIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR Kll
POTASSIUM (UEQ/L)
LABORATORY FOR ANALYSIS
LAKE ID
LAKE SURFACE AREA (HA)
CALC LAKE VOL (10**6 CU M)
ERLD-UMD ID/ALSC WSHED-POND ID
TAG FOR LAKEID1
LAKE NAME
LATITUDE
LATITUDE (DECIMAL DEGREES)
LONGITUDE
LONGITUDE (DECIMAL DEGREES)
MAP SHEET NAME (1:250,000 SCALE)
MAP SHEET NAME, 15 OR 7.5 QUAD
MAGNESIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR MG11
MAGNESIUM (UEQ/L)
MANGANESE (U6/L)
FLAG FOR MN11
SODIUM (MG/L)
-------
21
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 6. (continued)
Variable
NA11F
NA16
NH411
NH411F
NH416
N03DEP
N0311
N0311F
N0316
ORGION
ORGIONF
OUTLET
PH B
PH TOP
PH TOPF
PH 60
PHAC11
PHAC11F
PHAL11
PHAL11F
PHEQ11
PHEQ11F
PHSTVL
PHSTVLF
PRECIP
PTL11
PTL11F
REG SPC
REGION
RT
RUNIN
RUNOFF
SAM ID
SAM IDF
SECDIS
SECMEAN
SECREA
SI0211
SI0211F
SITDPM
SOBC
SOBCF
Type
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
Length
12
8
8
12
8
8
8
14
8
8
18
8
8
8
6
8
8
12
8
12
8
12
8
6
8
8
12
16
1
8
8
8
6
6
8
8
8
8
12
8
8
18
SAS label3
FLAG FOR NA11
SODIUM (UEQ/L)
AMMONIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR NH411
AMMONIUM (UEQ/L)
NITRATE DEPOSITION (G/M**2/YR)
NITRATE (MG/L)
FLAG FOR N0311
NITRATE (UEQ/L)
ORGANIC ANION (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR ORGION
OUTLETS (#)
PH AT BOTTOM-!. 5M
PH AT SURFACE (1.5M)
FLAG FOR PH TOP
PH AT .6*DEPTH
PH-ACIDITY INITIAL
FLAG FOR PHAC11
PH-ALKALINITY INITIAL
FLAG FOR PHAL11
PH-AIR EQUILIBRATED
FLAG FOR PHEQ11
PH - FIELD LAB
FLAG FOR PHSTVL
PRECIPITATION (M/YR)
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (UG/L)
FLAG FOR PTL11
REG SPEC LTM NRC DEW DER SAMPLE CLASS
NSWS REGION
RESIDENCE TIME (YR)
ANNUAL RUNOFF INCHES FROM DIGIT MAP
SURFACE WATER RUNOFF (M/YR)
SAMPLE ID
FLAG FOR SAM ID
SECCHI DISAPPEAR DEPTH (M)
SECCHI, MEAN DEPTH (M)
SECCHI REAPPEAR DEPTH (M)
SILICA (MG/L)
FLAG FOR SI0211
SITE DEPTH (M)
SUM OF BASE CATIONS (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR SOBC
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
22
Table 6. (continued)
Variable
S04DEP
S0411
S041 1 F
S0416
ST
STA ID
STRAT
STRATA
SUB RGN
TIMSMP
TMP B
TMP 60
TMPDF1
TMPDF2
TMPTOP
TURVAL
TURVALF
WALA
WEIGHT1
WS DIS
WS OTH
WSHED
Type
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
Length
8
8
12
8
2
6
6
3
1
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
6
8
8
8
25
8
SAS label3
SULFATE DEPOSITION (G/M**2/YR)
SULFATE (MG/L)
FLAG FOR S0411
SULFATE (UEQ/L)
STATE (TWO-LETTER ABBREV)
STATION ID FORM 2
STRATIFICATION(NONE, WEAK, STRONG)
NSWS STRATA
NSWS SUBREGION
TIME SAMPLED (24 H) HH:MM
TEMPERATURE AT BOTTOM-1.5M (DE6 C)
TEMPERATURE AT .6*DEPTH (DEG C)
TEMP DIF TOP-BOTTOM (DEG C)
TEMP DIF TOP-.6*DEPTH (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT SURFACE (1.5M) (DEG C)
TURBIDITY - FIELD LAB (NTU)
FLAG FOR TURVAL
WATERSHED AREA/LAKE AREA
POP. EXTRAPOLATION FACTOR
D)WELL I)ND L)OG M)INE R)OAD S)TOCK
DISTURB W/I 100M - OTHER
WATERSHED AREA (HA)
aLabels are provided only in the SAS-formatted version of data set 4.
-------
23
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 7, List of variables, PC data set (all files),
U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Variable
ALEX11
ALKA11
ALTL11
ANCAT
ANSUM
BNSTAR
CATSUM
CA16
CL16
COLVAL
CONCAL
CONDI 1
DATSMP
DICE11
DICVAL
DOC11
ELEV
FEU
FTL16
HC0316
HYDROTYP
K16
LAKE ID
LAKENAME
LAKE SIZ
LAT
LONG
MG16
MN11
NAT 6
NH416
N0316
PHEQ11
PHSTVL
PTL11
REG SPC
SECMEAN
SI0211
Type
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
Width3
5.1
6.1
6.1
4.2
6.1
4.0
6.1
6.1
6.1
4.0
5.1
5.1
7
5.2
5.2
5.2
4.0
6.1
4.1
6.1
9
5.1
7
26
6.0
10
10
6.1
6.1
6.1
4.1
5.1
4.2
4.2
5.1
16
4.1
5.2
Label5
EXT. ALUMINUM (UG/L)
ALKALINITY (UEQ/L)
TOTAL ALUMINUM (UG/L)
CATSUM/ANSUM
SUM OF ANIONS (UEQ/L)
POPULATION SIZE BY STRATA
SUM OF CATIONS (UEQ/L)
CALCIUM (UEQ/L)
CHLORIDE (UEQ/L)
COLOR (PCU)
CALC. SP. COND. (US)
CONDUCTIVITY-ANAL LAB (US)
DATE SAMPLED FORM 1
EQUIL DIC ANAL LAB (MG/L)
DIC - FIELD LAB (MG/L)
DOC-ANAL LAB (MG/L)
LAKE ELEVATION (M)
IRON (UG/L)
FLUORIDE (UEQ/L)
HC03 (UEQ/L)
DRAINAGE, SEEPAGE, CLOSED, RESERVOIR
POTASSIUM (UEQ/L)
LAKE ID
LAKE NAME
LAKE SURFACE AREA (HA)
LATITUDE
LONGITUDE
MAGNESIUM (MG/L)
MANGANESE (UG/L)
SODIUM (UEQ/L)
AMMONIUM (UEQ/L)
NITRATE (UEQ/L)
PH-AIR EQUILIBRATED
PH - FIELD LAB
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (UG/L)
REG SPEC LTM NRC DEW DER SAMPLE CLASS
SECCHI, MEAN DEPTH (M)
SILICA (MG/L)
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
24
Table 7. (continued)
Variable
Type
Width3
Label1
SITDMP
S0416
ST
STRAT
TMPTOP
TURVAL
MALA
WEI6HT1
WSHED
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
CHARACTER
CHARACTER
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
5.1
6.1
2
6
4.1
5.1
7.1
6.3
6.0
SITE DEPTH (M)
SULFATE (UEQ/L)
STATE (TWO LETTER ABBREV)
STRATIFICATION (NONE, WEAK, STRONG)
TEMPERATURE AT SURFACE
TURBIDITY - FIELD LAB (NTU)
WATERSHED AREA/LAKE AREA
POPULATION EXTRAPOLATION FACTOR
WATERSHED AREA (HA)
aWidth for character fields is the integer field width. The
width for numeric fields is in W.D format, where W = the total field
width (decimal point included) and D = the number of decimal places.
For example, 34.78 is in 5.2 format.
^Labels are not provided in the PC data sets but are given here
for completeness.
-------
25 ORNL/TM-10153
5. DEFINITION OF VARIABLES
Table 8 provides units of measure and extended definitions for
variables contained in data sets 3 and 4 and the PC data set. Variable
tags and flags are not included because their definitions would
invariably be just "tag (or flag) for variable X." A full description
of data collected and ELS-I protocol is provided in Linthurst et al.
(1986). In situ measurements are outlined in Hillman et al. (1986) and
Morris et al. (1986). EPA methods are from U.S. EPA (1983), and U.S.
Geological Survey (US6S) methods are from Skougstad et al. (1979).
Conventions used in the computer-coded equations are as follows:
* represents multiplication
** represents exponentiation, and
/ represents division.
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
26
Table 8. Definition of variables, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Name
Units
Definition
ACC011
ueq/L
ACM11
AIRTMP
ALEX11
ALKA11
ALKC11
Carbon dioxide acidity (or base neutralizing
capacity) is the measured acidity in a sample due to
dissolved C02, hydronium, and hydroxide.
Determined in the analytical laboratory using base
titration and Gran analysis. Used in conjunction
with alkalinity to refine alkalinity and acidity
calculations.
Mineral acidity (negative alkalinity), calculated in
the analytical laboratory using the first Gran
function iteration on a data pair (NaOH volume,
calculated pH) for which the calculated pH was less
than 5.
Air temperature measured from the helicopter with a
thermometer.
Extractable aluminum is an estimate of monomeric
aluminum complexes (A1+3). Aluminum in an
unacidified, filtered sample was complexed with
8-hydroxyquinoline and extracted with
methyl -isobutyl ketone (MIBK) in the field
laboratory. The extract was analyzed in the
analytical laboratory using the method described in
Hillman et al. (1986).
Acid neutralizing capacity is a measure of the
amount of acid necessary to neutralize the
bicarbonate, carbonate, alumino-hydroxy complexes,
and other bases in a sample. Determined in the
analytical laboratory in an unfiltered, unacidified
aliquot, using acidimetric titration and modified
Gran analysis (Hillman et al. 1986; Kramer 1984).
Carbonate alkalinity, corresponds to the point in an
acidimetric titration curve where hydroxyl (OH~)
and carbonate (C0§) were neutralized (V2), but
before the point where the bicarbonate (HC(H)
was neutralized (VI).
-------
27
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 8. (continued)
Name
Units
Definition
ALTL11
BAT_ID
BNSTAR
CA11
CA16
CATSUM
CL11
ANCAT
ANDEF
ANSUM
lieq/L
lieq/L
mg/L
p.eq/L
ueq/L
mg/L
Total aluminum, measured in the analytical
laboratory in an unfiltered, acidified (HN03)
aliquot, using EPA method 202.2 (AAS, atomic
absorption spectroscopy, graphite furnace).
Ratio of measured cations to measured anions:
ANCAT = CATSUM/ANSUM.
Anion deficit is the measured cations minus the
measured anions: ANDEF = CATSUM - ANSUM.
Sum of major anion concentrations:
ANSUM = CL16 + FTL16 + N0316 + HC0316
S0416.
C0316
Batch identification number, lake and quality
assurance samples processed and analyzed together on
the same day and in the same field laboratory were
given common batch numbers.
Number of lakes identified in a stratum (see STRATA)
from the USGS 1:250,000 scale maps. Lakes to be
sampled were randomly selected to represent this
frame population.
Dissolved calcium, measured in the analytical
laboratory in filtered, acidified (HN03) aliquot
(EPA method 215.1, AAS, flame).
Dissolved calcium: CA16 = CA11*49.90 y.eq/mg.
Summation of major cation concentrations:
CATSUM = CA16 + M616 + NA16 + K16 + NH416
H16.
Chloride ion, measured in the analytical laboratory
in a filtered, unacidified aliquot (ASTM 1984;
O'Dell et al. 1984; ion chromatographic method).
CL16
lieq/L
Chloride ion: CL16 = CL11*28.21 jieq/mg.
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
28
Table 8. (continued)
Name
Units
Definition
C0316
ueq/L Carbonate, an estimate (Butler 1982) of:
_9 4.996 x [DIC mg/LJ x K,K0
CO/ = _1_2
which is coded as:
C0316 = 60009*(DICI11/12011)*ALPHA2*33.33;
where: ALPHA2 = K1*K2/
((10**(-PHAC11))**2 +
(10**-PHAC11)*K1 + K1*K2).
where: Kl = 4.3*10**-7, and
K2 = 5.61*10**-11.
COLVAL PCU True color measured in the field laboratory
by first centrifuging the sample to remove
particles, then using an HACH Model CO-1
Comparator (EPA method 110.2, modified).
Comment from field laboratory.
Comment from lake sampling, crew.
Field specific conductance
The following measurements of conductance
were made with the HYDROLAB probe from the
helicopter (CONTOP thru CONFI). These are
not in alphabetical order, but ordered as
usually measured. Measurements paralleled
field temperature measurements.
CONTOP liS/cm Conductance at surface (usually 1.5 m below
the surface).
CON_B uS/cm Conductance at SITDPM - 1.5 m.
COMMNT
COM01
-------
29
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 8. (continued)
Name
Units
Definition
CON_60 iiS/cm
Profile measurements
Conductance at 0.6*SITDPM. Measurement taken
when TMPDF1 > 4°C.
CONJ
CON_2
CON_3
CON_4
CON_5
CON_6
CON_7
CON_8
CON_9
CONJO
uS/cm
liS/cm
US/cm
(uS/cm
TiS/cm
US/cm
liS/cm
nS/cm
^S/cm
uS/cm
Specific conductance profile measurements
were taken when TMPOF2 > 4° C. Profile
measurement depths were determined by maximum
lake depth measured (SITOPM). If SITOPM <
20 m, profile measurements were taken at 4 m,
and at 2 m increments to the bottom. If
SITDPM > 20 m, the profile was taken at
5 m, and at 5 m increments to the bottom.
Conductance at 4 m (SITDPM <20)
or 5 m (SITDPM >20).
Conductance at 6 m (SITDPM <20)
or 10 m (SITDPM >20).
Conductance at 8 m (SITDPM <20)
or 15 m (SITDPM >20).
Conductance at 10 m (SITDPM ^20)
or 20 m (SITDPM >20).
Conductance at 12 m (SITDPM 120)
or 25 m (SITDPM >20).
Conductance at 14 m (SITDPM <20)
or 30 m (SITDPM >20).
Conductance at 16 m (SITDPM <20)
or 35 m (SITDPM >20).
Conductance at 18 m (SITDPM <20)
or 40 m (SITDPM >20).
Conductance at 20 m (SITDPM <20)
or 45 m (SITDPM >20).
Conductance at 50 m.
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
30
Table 8. (continued)
Name
Units
Definition
CONIN
CONFI
CONCAL
CONDI1
COUNTY
CRW_ID
DATADD
DATENT
DATRE
V,S/cm
uS/cm
viS/cm
uS/cm
Initial conductance values, obtained from
initial analysis of a 50 nS/cm QC check
sample used to verify HYDROLAB calibration.
Final conductance values, obtained from final
analysis of a 50 uS/cm QC check sample used
to verify HYDROLAB calibration (see CONIN).
Calculated conductance, sum of the products
of ion concentration times equivalent
conductance.
The cations summed were Ca+2 Mg+2, Na+ K+
NHJ, and H+. ' '
The anions summed were SOZ2, HC052 Cl~
N0§, F-, C052, and OH~.
coded as:
CONCAL = [(CAT 6*59. 47) + (M61 6*53.0) + (Kl 6*73. 48)
(NA16*50.08) + (NH416*73.5) + (H16*349.65) +
(50416*80.0) + (HC0316*44.5) + (CL16*76.31) +
(N0316*71.42) + (F16*55.4) + (C0316*69.3) +
(OH*198)]/1000.
This calculation converts p.eq/L to
Specific conductance, measured in the analytical
laboratory using a conductivity cell (EPA method
120.1).
Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS 1979)
state and county code.
Lake sampling crew ID number.
Date of completion of data management quality
assurance procedures and the observation was added
to data set 1 (the raw data set). DDMMMYY format.
Date of first entry of lake sampling field data into
data set 1 (the raw data set). DDMMMYY format.
Date of second entry of lake sampling field data
(all data were double entered) into data set 1 (the
raw data set). DDMMMYY format.
-------
31
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 8. (continued)
Name
Units
Definition
DATREC
OATSHP
DATSMP
DICE11
mg/L
OICI11
mg/L
DICQCS
mg/L
DICVAL
DISM
km
Date lake sampling field data were received by
ORNL. DDMMMYY format.
Date samples were shipped from field laboratories to
the analytical laboratories. DDMMMYY format.
Date lake was sampled. DDMMMYY format.
Air-equilibrated dissolved inorganic carbon,
measured in the analytical laboratory in an
unfiltered, unacidified aliquot bubbled with 300 ppm
C02, drawn into a syringe, filtered, and analyzed
without exposure to the atmosphere (EPA method 415.2
modified, infrared spectrophotometric detector).
Dissolved inorganic carbon, measured in the
analytical laboratory in an unfiltered, unacidified
aliquot. The sample was drawn into a syringe,
filtered, and analyzed without exposure to the
atmosphere, (EPA method 415.2 modified, infrared
spectrophotometric detector).
Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) QC check sample
(field laboratory). DIC was measured in the field
laboratory on a 2.0 mg/L sodium carbonate solution
using a flame ionization detector. The check sample
was measured before the first sample measurement and
after every eight samples.
Dissolved inorganic carbon, measured in the field
laboratory on a sample drawn directly into a syringe
from the Van Dorn water sampler, filtered, and
analyzed without exposure to the atmosphere, using a
DOHRMANN DC-80 carbon analyzer with infrared
spectrophotometric detector (EPA method 415.2,
modified).
Distance of the lake from the Atlantic Ocean. A
calculated variable for lakes within 150 km from the
coast line (otherwise this value is missing).
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
32
Name
Units
Table 8. (continued)
Definition
DOC11
mg/L
OP_B
DP_CAT
DP_TOP
DP_60
ELEV
FEU
FTL11
FTL16
HI 6
HC0316
m
m
m
m
mg/L
lieq/L
ueq/L
Dissolved organic carbon, measured in the analytical
laboratory in a filtered, acidified (H2S04)
aliquot (EPA method 415.2, infrared
spectrophotometric detector).
Depth at which bottom temperature and conductance
were measured: DP_B = SITDPM -1.5.
Lake depth category, 4 (if SITDPM < 20 m) or 5 (if
SITDPM > 20 m). ~ v
Depth of surface water sample, usually 1.5 m.
Sixty percent of site depth: DP_60 = 0.6*SITDPM.
Lake elevation, taken from USGS topographic maps.
Dissolved iron, measured in the analytical
laboratory in a filtered, acidified (HN03) aliquot
(EPA method 236.1, AAS, flame).
Total dissolved fluoride, measured in the analytical
laboratory in a filtered, unacidified aliquot,
analyzed using an ion-selective electrode (ISE
EPA method 340.2, modified).
Total dissolved fluoride:
FTL16 - FTL11*52.64 neq/rag.
Hydrogen 1on concentration:
HI 6 - 10**(-PHAC11)*1Q**6.
Bicarbonate, an estimate (Butler 1982) of:
HCO;
5.080 x [PIC mg/L] x
which 1s coded as:
HC0316 - 61017*(DICm/12011)*
ALPHA!*16.39;
where ALPHA1 = ((10**(-PHAC11))*K1)/
((10**(-PHAC11))**2 +
(10**-PHAC11)*K1 + K1*K2);
where Kl = 4.3*10*^-7, and
K2 = 5.61*10**-!!
-------
33
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 8. (continued)
Name
Units
Definition
HDEP
g/m2
HYD_ID
HYDROTYP
INLETS
IN OUT
Kll
K16
LABNAM
mg/L
Average annual wet hydrogen ion deposition, derived
from 1980-1982 Acid Deposition System data (Watson
and Olsen 1984). Deposition values for lakes were
assigned by contouring both the hydrogen ion
concentrations measured 1n precipitation and the
precipitation volumes (see PRECIP), Interpolating
values for 3.75 minute latitude/longitude cells, and
multiplying these paired cell values.
Identification number for the HYDROLAB meter used
for field measurements.
Hydrologic type, defined from geographic data.
Classes are:
CLOSED
RESERVOIR
DRAINAGE
SEEPAGE
Number of lake inlets as observed from the
helicopter.
Presence and/or absence of inlets and outlets, as
determined from topographic maps:
I/O = both; NI/0 = outlets only;
I/NO - Inlets only; NI/NO = neither; RES = Reservoir.
Dissolved potassium, measured in the analytical
laboratory 1n a filtered, acidified (HN03) aliquot
(EPA method 258.1, AAS, flame).
Dissolved potassium:
K16 - Kll*25.57 iieq/mg.
Name of the analytical laboratory which performed
the analytical analyses. The four laboratories were
Global Geochemistry Corporation (GLOBAL); U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS); Versar, Inc. (VERSAR);
Environmental Monitoring Services, Inc. (EMSI).
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
34
Table 8. (continued)
Name
Units
Definition
LAKE ID
LAKE_SIZ ha
LAKEJ/OL 106m3
LAKEID1
LAKENAME
LAT
LAT_DD
LONG
LON6_DD
MAP BIG
deg
deg
deg
deg
Seven-character unique identification code assigned
to each lake. The first character represents the
region (1, 2, or 3); the second character, the
subregion; the third character, the alkalinity map
class; a dash; and the last three digits the
assigned lake number. The first three characters
also designate the stratum (see STRATA). LAKEJD is
unique for every record in data set 4 and the PC
data set, but is repeated in data set 3 for those
lakes which were sampled twice for quality assurance
purposes.
Lake surface area, measured using an electronic
planimeter on USGS topographic maps.
Estimated lake volume:
LAKE_VOL = ((LAKE_SIZ*10**4)*SITDPM*0.464)/10**6.
ELS-I LAKE_ID cross reference with EPA Environmental
Research Laboratory, Duluth, University of
Minnesota, Duluth study lakes identification code or
the Adirondack Lake Survey Corporation (ALSC) ponds
identification code. Either the ERLDJJMD or ALSC ID
number is in this field (else missing).
Lake name taken from USGS topographic maps. When a
number of small lakes were identified by only one
name on the map, another qualifier was added to the
name, such as "southern," to identify the lake.
Where no name was listed, "(NO NAME)" was entered
into the data base as the lake name.
Latitude taken from the USGS topographic maps in
DD-MM-SS (degrees-minutes-seconds) format.
Latitude expressed as degrees and decimal degrees in
DD.DDDD format.
Longitude as read from the USGS topographic maps in
DDD-MM-SS format.
Longitude expressed as degrees and decimal degrees
in DDD.DDDD format.
Name of the 1:250,000 scale USGS topographic map on
which the lake is located.
-------
35
ORNL/TM-101S3
Table 8. (continued)
Name
Units
Definition
MAP_SML
MG11
MG16
MN11
NA11
NA16
NH411
NH416
N03DEP
N0311
N0316
NUSAM
Name of the 15 minute or 7.5 minute scale USGS
topographic map on which the lake is located.
mg/L Dissolved magnesium, measured 1n the analytical
laboratory in a filtered, acidified (HN03) aliquot
(EPA method 242.1, AAS, flame).
lieq/L Dissolved magnesium: MG16 = M611*82.26 ueq/rag.
y.g/L Dissolved manganese, measured 1n the analytical
laboratory in a filtered, acidified (HN03) aliquot
(EPA method 243.1, AAS, flame).
mg/L Dissolved sodium, measured in the analytical
laboratory 1n a filtered, acidified (HN03) aliquot
(EPA method 273.1, AAS, flame).
lieq/L Dissolved sodium: NA16 = NA11*43.5Q peq/mg.
mg/L Ammonium ion, measured in the analytical laboratory
in a sample from the filtered, acidified (H2S04)
aliquot (EPA method 350.1, colorimetric, automated).
Ammonium ion: NH416 = NH411*55.44 peq/mg.
g/m2 Average annual nitrate ion deposition, derived from
1980-1982 Acid Deposition System data (Watson and
Olsen 1984). Lake deposition values were assigned
by contouring both the nitrate ion concentrations
measured in precipitation and the precipitation
volumes (see PRECIP), interpolating values for 3.75
minute latitude/longitude cells, and multiplying
these paired cell values.
mg/L Nitrate ion, measured in the analytical laboratory
in a filtered, unacidified aliquot (ASTM 1984;
O'Dell et al. 1984; ion chromatography).
ueq/L Nitrate ion: N0316 = N0311*16.13 peq/mg.
Number of samples in a batch and processed by the
field laboratory during a sampling day (see BAT__ID)
-------
ORNL/TM-10153 36
Table 8. (continued)
Name Units Definition
OR6ION ueq/L Estimate of the organic anion concentration:
OR6ION = K*CT/(K +• (10**(-PHAC11 ))) ;
where: K = 10**(-PK); CT = DOC11*10; and
PK = 0.96 + 0.9*PHAC11 - 0.039*PHAC11**2.
OUTLET Number of lake outlets as observed from the
helicopter.
Field pH measurements
The following measurements were made from the
helicopter with the HYDROLAB probe (PH_TOP through
PHFI01). They are listed in the usual order of
sampling. Measurements of pH paralleled field
temperature measurements.
PHJTOP pH pH measurement at surface (usually 1.5 m below the
surface)
PH_8 pH pH at SITDPM - 1.5 M
PH_60 pH pH at 0.6*SITDPM
PHIN01 pH Initial measurement of a pH 3.91 QC check sample,
used to calibrate the HYDROLAB.
PHFI01 PH Final measurement of a pH 3.91 QC check sample, used
to calibrate the HYDROLAB.
Laboratory oH measurements
PHAC11 PH Initial pH from the acidity titration, measured in
the analytical laboratory. A sample from an
unfiltered, unacidified aliquot was placed into a
C02 free titration vessel and stirred. The pH was
measured with an electrode (without exposure to the
atmosphere) before addition of base titrant.
PHAL11 PH Initial pH from the alkalinity titration, measured
in the analytical laboratory. A sample from the
unfiltered, unacidified aliquot was placed into a
titration vessel (not C02 free) and stirred. The
pH was measured with an electrode before the first
addition of acid titrant.
-------
37
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 8. (continued)
Name
Units
Definition
PHEQ11
PHSTQC
PHSTVL
pH
PH
pH
Air-equilibrated pH, measured in the analytical
laboratory 1n an unfiltered, unacidified aliquot
bubbled with 300 ppm C02. (EPA method 150.1,
electrode).
Measurement of a pH 4.0 QC check sample, used by the
field laboratory to calibrate closed system pH
measurements.
Closed system pH, measured in the field laboratory
using an ORION Model 611 meter and an ORION ROSS
combination pH electrode on a syringe sample
unexposed to the atmosphere (EPA method 150.1).
PHTAZ1
deg
Azimuth of first photo taken of the lake by field
crew.
PHTAZ2
PHTLAP
deg
Azimuth of second photo taken of the lake by field
crew.
Frame number for lapcard photo identification with
lake ID.
PHTNU1
PHTNU2
Frame number of first photo.
Frame number of second photo.
PRECIP
m
Annual precipitation. For Region 1, derived from
30-year precipitation norm values (1951-1980) for
500 stations (National Climate Center, NOAA). For
Regions 2 and 3, derived from the 1980-1982 Acid
Deposition System data (Watson and Olsen 1984) for
162 stations. Values were assigned for each lake by
contouring the precipitation volume data and
interpolating values for 3.75 minute
latitude/longitude cells. Precipitation cell values
were used to weight the H+, S042, and
N05 concentrations in precipitation samples.
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
38
Table 8. (continued)
Name
Units
Definition
PTL11
REGION
REG SPC
RT
yr
Total phosphorous, measured 1n the analytical
laboratory In an unfUtered, acidified (^$04)
aliquot, using either of two automated, colorimetric
phosphomolybdate methods: for normal phosphorus
levels, using a 15mm absorption cell; for low
levels, a preliminary method using 50mm absorption
cell was employed (USGS method 1-4600-78).
Region Is a major area of the conterminous United
States where a substantial number of lakes with
alkalinity <400 ueq/L can be found. For the
ELS-I there are three regions, 1 (Northeast),
2 (Upper Midwest), and 3 (Southeast).
Reason for lake being sampled:
REGULAR: part of the probability sample.
RE6/SPC/XXX: part of the probability sample, but
also identified as being of special interest.
SPC/XXX: of special interest only. The
the reason for the special interest:
'XXX' gives
XXX codes:
LTM = an EPA long-term monitoring lake
NRC = suggested by the National Research Council
DEW = suggested by the state of New Jersey
DER = suggested by the state of Florida
Estimated hydraulic residence time, defined as years
required to replace the volume of th© lake.
Calculated only for drainage lakes and reservoirs
(see HYDROTYP).
RT
LA x site depth
runoff x (watershed area - LA)4-(prec1p x LA)
where LA = lake area.
RUNIN
coded as:
RT = ((LAKE_SIZ*10**4)*(SITDPM*0.464))/
(((RUNIN*2.54*10**~2)*((WSHED*10**4) -
(LAKE_SIZ*10**4))) +
((LAKE_SIZ*10**4)*(PRECIP))).
1n/yr Surface water runoff interpolated from USGS map
(Busby 1966).
-------
39
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 8. (continued)
Name
Units
Definition
RUNOFF
SAM_ID
SAMCOD
SECDIS
SECMEAN
SECREA
SI0211
SITDPF
SITOPM
S04DEP
m/yr
m
m
m
mg/L
ft
m
g/m2
S0411
mg/L
Surface water runoff interpolated from US6S map
(Busby 1966). RUNOFF = RUNIN*0.025 m/in.
Identifies individual samples within a batch (see
BAT_ID). In combination BAT_IO and SAM_ID are the
unique sample identifiers.
Sample code indicating the type of sample:
R = routine sample
D = duplicate sample
Secchi disk disappearance depth.
Mean of Secchi disk disappearance and reappearance
depths. SECMEAN is the lake depth if the disk was
visible on the lake bottom.
Secchi disk reappearance depth.
Silica, measured in the analytical lab in an
unfiltered aliquot (US6S method 1-2700-78,
colorimetric, molybdate blue, automated method).
Sampling site depth, measured using a depth
sounder or weighted line. Not necessarily maximum
lake depth.
Sampling site depth, measured using a depth
sounder or weighted line. Not necessarily maximum
lake depth.
Average annual sulfate ion deposition, derived
from 1980-1982 Acid Deposition System data (Watson
and Olsen 1984). Lake deposition values were
assigned by contouring both the sulfate ion
concentrations measured in precipitation and the
precipitation volumes (see PRECIP), interpolating
values for 3.75 minute latitude/longitude cells,
and multiplying these paired cell values.
Sulfate ion, measured in the analytical laboratory
in a filtered, unacidified aliquot (ASTM 1984;
O'Dell et al. 1984; ion chromatographic methods).
S0416
Sulfate ion: S0416 = 50411*20.82 ixeq/mg.
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
40
Table 8. (continued)
Name
Units
Definition
SOBC
SPLCOD
ST
STA ID
ueq/L Sum of base cations: SOBC = NA16 + K16 + CAT6 + MG16.
Split code, indicates that duplicate sample aliquots
were s^ent to cooperating analytical laboratories,
where: E - U.S. EPA Environmental Research
Laboratory at Corvallis, C = Canada, and N = Norway.
State: standard two character postal abbreviation.
Station ID of the field laboratory where lake
samples were processed.
STRAT
STRATA
STA_ID codes:
1 = Bangor, ME
2 = Lake Placid, NY
3 = Lexington, MA
4 = Pocono, PA
5 = Rhinelander, WI
6 = Duluth, MI
7 = Asheville, NC
8 = Gainesville, FL
Thermal stratification status:
MIXED = Lakes where the difference between top
temperature and bottom temperature
(TMPDF1) was <4°C.
WEAK = Lakes where the temperature difference
between top and bottom (TMPDF1) was
>4°C and the difference between top and
the 60% depth temperature (TMPDF2) was
<4°C.
STRONG = Lakes with a temperature difference
>4°C between the top temperature (TMPTOP)
and the temperature at 60X of lake depth
(TMP_60).
Strata, a subpopulation of lakes within a geographic
area defined before sampling by the expected
alkalinity of surface waters within a subregion and
within a region.
-------
41 ORNL/TM-10153
Table 8. (continued)
Name
Units Definition
CUB RgN Subregions are areas within each region that are
similar in water quality, physiography, vegetation,
climate, and soil. The ELS-I used a letter A-E
concatenated with the region number as subregion
identifier. The 11 subregions in the ELS-I were:
Region 1 Region 2
Northeast Upper Midwest
1A: Adirondacks 2A: Northeastern
IB: Poconos/ Minnesota
Catskills 2B: Upper Peninsula
1C: Central of Michigan
New England 2C: Northcentral
ID: Southern Wisconsin
New England 20: Upper Great Lakes
IE: Maine
Region 3
Southeast
3A: Southern Blue
Ridge
3B: Florida
TAG_X Meaning of the user-defined tag 'X' reported on the
field form.
TA6 Y Meaning of the user-defined tag 'Y1 reported on the
field form.
TA6_Z Meaning of the user-defined tag 'Z1 reported on the
field form.
TiMSMP Time lake was sampled in HH:MM format (24 H).
Field temperature measurement:
The following temperature measurements (TMPTOP to
TMPJO) were made from the helicopter with the
HYDROLAB probe. They are not in alphabetical order,
but ordered as usually measured. Comparisons of top
and bottom temperatures determined the need to take
profile measurements.
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
42
Table 8. (continued)
Name
TMPTOP
TMP_B
TMPDF1
Units
°C
°C
°C
Definition
Lake water temperature at surface (1.5 m) .
Temperature at SITDPM - 1.5 m.
Difference between top and bottom temperatures:
TMP_6Q
TMPDF2
TMPJ
TMP_2
TMP_4
TMP^S
TMP_6
TMP 7
Temperature at 0.6*SITDPM. Measurement taken if
TMPDF1 >4°C.
Difference between temperature at top and
temperature at 0.6*SITDPM: TMPDF2 = TMPTOP - TMP_60.
Profile measurements
°C
°C
Temperature profile measurements were taken when
TMPDF2 > 4°C. Profile measurement depths were
determined by maximum lake depth measured (SITDPM).
If SITDPM < 20 m, profile measurements were taken
at 4 m and at 2 m increments to the bottom. If
SITDPM > 20 m, the profile was taken at 5 m and at
5 m increments to a maximum depth of 50 m.
Temperature at 4 m (SITDPM <20)
or at 5 m (SITDPM >20).
Temperature at 6 m (SITDPM <20)
or at 10 m (SITDPM >20).
Temperature at 8 m (SITDPM £20)
or at 15 m (SITDPM >20).
Temperature at TO m (SITDPM <20)
or at 20 m (SITDPM >20).
Temperature at 12 m (SITDPM <20)
or at 25 m (SITDPM >20).
Temperature at 14 m (SITDPM £20)
or at 30 m (SITDPM >20).
Temperature at 16 m (SITDPM <20)
or at 35 m (SITDPM >20).
-------
43
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 8. (continued)
Name
TMP_8
TMP_9
TMPJO
TURQCS
Units
°C
°C
°C
NTU
Definition
Temperature at 18 m (SITDPM <20)
or at 40 m (SITDPM >20) .
Temperature at 20 m (SITDPM <20)
or at 45 m (SITDPM >20) .
Temperature at 50 m.
Turbidity, measured by the field laboratory on a
TURVAL
NTU
WALA
WEIGHT1
WSHED
ha
WS DIS
WS OTH
calibration. Values for the check sample were
recorded before and after eight sample measurements.
Turbidity, measured in the unfiltered sample in the
field laboratory using a MONITEK model 21
nephelometer, reported in nephelometric turbidity
units (EPA method 180.1).
Ratio of watershed area to lake area.
area includes lake area.
Watershed
Stratum specific population expansion factor, equal
to the inverse of a sample lake's inclusion
probability.
Watershed area, the geographic area from which
surface water drains into a particular lake, as
determined using an electronic planimeter on USGS
topographic maps. Lake area was included in
watershed area.
Disturbances of the natural environment in a
watershed within 100 m of the shore as noted by
field crew, where:
D = dwellings L = logging R = roads
I = industry M = mining S = livestock
Other disturbances of the natural environment in a
watershed within 100 m of the shore as noted by
field crew. The "other" disturbances were specified
in WS OTH.
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
6. CARD-IMAGE FORMAT DEFINITION
ELS-I data sets 3 and 4 are provided as both SAS-formatted files
and as card-image files. The PC data set is provided in card-image
format only. The formats for the card-image files for all data sets
are presented in Tables 9, 10, and 11. Table 11 provides the
card-image format used for all PC data set files. There are four PC
data set files - ELS-I. R61, ELS-I. RG2, ELS-I. RG3, and ELS-I. SPC. They
provide information for Regions 1, 2, 3, and the special interest
lakes, respectively.
Most numeric variables were transferred to the card-image files
for data sets 3 and 4 in 9.4 format (total length 9, including decimal
point, with 4 decimals), regardless of their original formats (however,
WSHED is in 9.2; LAKE_SIZ, WALA, ANDEF, and ALKC11 are all in 9.3
format). The column "Dec" in Tables 9 and 10 indicates the original
number of digits to the right of the decimal point in the SAS data
sets. This value should be used as a part of the input format to
prevent the generation of overly significant data on other computer
systems.
Dates are in DDMMMYY format, and times are in HH:MM format
(24-h clock) for all data sets.
The two comment variables in data set 3 (COMMNT and COM01) were
split into two parts each because of their respective lengths (COMMNT1,
COMMNT2, and COM011, COM012). Therefore, the card-image form of data
set 3 has 256 (not 254) variables.
Note that missing numeric variables are represented as -999.
These values must be removed before analysis.
-------
45
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 9. Card-image format definition, data set 3, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Card
No.a
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Variable
Variable Label type
CONCALF
LAKEID
DATREC
DATENT
OATADD
DATRE
DATSMP
TIMSMP
HYDIO
PHIN01
PHIN01T
PHFI01
PHFI01T
CONIN
CONFI
CONFIT
PHTLAP
PHTNU1
PHTNU2
PHTAZ1
PHTAZ2
SITDPM
SITDPMT
AIRTHP
SITDPF
SECDIS
SECDISF
SECDIST
SECREA
SECREAF
SECREAT
DPTOP
DPTOPT
OPB
DPBT
THPTOP
TMPTOPT
THPB
TMPBT
CONTOP
CONTOPF
CONTOPT
CONS
CONST
PHTOP
PHTOPF
FLAG FOR CONCAL
LAKE ID
DATE RECEIVED BY ORNL FORM 1
DATE ENTERED FORM 1
DATE ADDED TO RAW DATASET
DATE REENTERED FORM 1
DATE SAMPLED FORM 1
TIME SAMPLED (24 H) HH:MM
HYDROLAB ID FORM 1
PH INITIAL CALIB
TAG FOR PHIN01
PH FINAL CALIB
TAG FOR PHFI01
CONDUCTIVITY INITIAL CALIB (US)
CONDUCTIVITY FINAL CALIB (US)
TAG FOR CONFI
FRAME NUMBER FOR LAPCARD
FRAME NUMBER OF PHOTO 1
FRAME NUMBER OF PHOTO 2
AZIMUTH OF 1ST PHOTO (DEG)
AZIMUTH OF 2ND PHOTO (DEG)
SITE DEPTH (M)
TAG FOR SITDPM
AIR TEMP (DEG C)
SITE DEPTH (FT)
SECCHI DISAPPEAR DEPTH (M)
FLAG FOR SECDIS
TAG FOR SECDIS
SECCHI REAPPEAR DEPTH (M)
FLAG FOR SECREA
TAG FOR SECREA
DEPTH AT SURFACE (1.5M) (M)
TAG FOR DPTOP
DEPTH AT BOTTOM- 1.5M (M)
TAG FOR DPB
TEMPERATURE AT SURFACE (1.5M) (DEG C)
TAG FOR TMPTOP
TEMPERATURE AT BOTTOM-1.5M (DEG C)
TAG FOR TMPB
CONDUCTIVITY AT SURFACE (1.5M) (US)
FLAG FOR CONTOP
TAG FOR CONTOP
CONDUCTIVITY AT BOTTOM-!. 5M (US)
TAG FOR CONB
PH AT SURFACE (1.5M)
FLAG FOR PHTOP
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
Variable
widthb
20
7
7
7
1
7
7
5
2
9.4
6
9.4
6
9.4
9.4
6
2
2
2
3
3
9.4
6
9.4
9.4
9.4
6
6
9.4
6
6
9.4
6
9.4
6
9.4
6
9.4
6
9.4
6
6
9.4
6
9.4
6
Decc
2
2
0
0
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
2
Column
start
1
22
30
38
46
54
62
70
1
4
14
21
31
38
48
58
65
68
71
1
5
9
19
26
36
46
56
63
1
11
18
25
35
42
52
59
69
1
11
18
28
35
42
52
59
69
Column
end
20
28
36
44
52
60
68
74
2
12
19
29
36
46
56
63
66
69
72
3
7
17
24
34
44
54
61
68
9
16
23
33
40
50
57
67
74
9
16
26
33
40
50
57
67
74
Card
No.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
46
Table 9. (continued)
Card
No.a
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
Variable
PHTOPT
PHB
PHBT
THPDF1
TMPDF1T
DP60
DP60T
TMP60
TMP60T
CON60
CON60T
PH60
PH60T
TNPDF2
TMPDF2T
OUTLET
INLETS
INLETST
DPCAT
THP1
TMP2
TMP3
THP4
TMP5
TMP6
THP7
THP8
TMP9
TMP10
CON1
CON2
CONS
COM4
CONS
CON6
CON7
CONS
CON9
CON10
TAGX
TAGY
Label
TAG FOR PHTOP
PH AT BOTTOM-1.5M
TAG FOR PHB
TEHP OIF TOP-BOTTOM (OEG C)
TAG FOR TMPOF1
DEPTH .6*BOTTOM (M)
TAG FOR DP60
TEMPERATURE AT .6*OEPTH (DEG C)
TAG FOR TMP60
CONDUCTIVITY AT .6*DEPTH (US)
TAG FOR CON60
PH AT .6*DEPTH
TAG FOR PH60
TEMP DIF TOP-.6*OEPTH (DEG C)
TAG FOR TMPDF2
OUTLETS (#)
INLETS (#)
TAG FOR INLETS
DEPTH CATEGORY 4=<20M 5=>20M
TEMPERATURE AT 4 OR 5 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 6 OR 10 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 8 OR 15 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 10 OR 20 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 12 OR 25 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 14 OR 30 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 16 OR 35 H (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 18 OR 40 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 20 OR 45 M (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT 50 M (DEG C)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 4 OR 5 M (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 6 OR 10 H (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 8 OR 15 M (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 10 OR 20 M (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 12 OR 25 H (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 14 OR 30 M (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 16 OR 35 M (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 18 OR 40 M (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 20 OR 45 M (US)
CONDUCTIVITY AT 50 M (US)
MEANING OF TAG X FORM 1
MEANING FOR TAG Y FORM 1
Variable
type
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
NUM
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
Variable
widthb
6
9.4
6
9.4
6
9.4
6
9.4
6
9 4
6
9.4
6
9.4
6
9.4
9.4
6
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
40
20
Decc
2
1
1
1
o
2
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
o
Column
start
1
g
t*
18
25
35
*J«i*
42
52
59
69
i
9
11
1 1
18
?B
bO
35
45
*f «J
52
62
i
1
8
18
28
38
48
58
]
11
21
31
41
51
61
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
]
11
I I
52
Column
end
g
\f
Ifi
IU
23
33
Aft
*t\j
50
57
67
74
1C
10
26
OO
oo
43
sn
-------
47
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 9. (continued)
Card
No.a
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
Variable
TAGZ
BAT ID
SAHID
CRWIO
ANCAT
HYOROTYP
LAKENAME
ST
WSHED
ELEV
LAKESIZ
INOUT
LATDO
LONGDO
REGION
SUBRGN
MAPBIG
MAPSML
LAT
LONG
STRATA
COUNTY
LAKEID1
LAKEID1T
DISH
HOEP
N03DEP
S04DEP
PRECIP
WALA
REGSPC
WSOTH
RUNIN
WEIGHT 1
RT
RUNOFF
LAKEVOL
SECMEAN
STRAT
WSDIS
BNSTAR
BATIDT
Variable
Label type
MEANING FOR TAG Z FORM 1
BATCH ID
SAMPLE ID
CREW ID FORM 1
CATIONS/ANIONS
HYDROLOGIC TYPE
LAKE NAME
STATE (TWO-LETTER ABBREV)
WATERSHED AREA (SQ. KM)
LAKE ELEVATION (M)
LAKE SURFACE AREA (HA)
PRESENCE/ABSENCE OF INLETS/OUTLETS
LATITUDE (DECIMAL DEGREES)
LONGITUDE (DECIMAL DEGREES)
NSWS REGION
NSWS SUBREGION
MAP SHEET NAME (1:250,000 SCALE)
MAP SHEET NAME, 15 OR 7.5 QUAD
LATITUDE
LONGITUDE
NSWS STRATA
FIPS CODE (ST, COUNTY)
ERLD-UMD ID/ALSC WSHED-POND ID
TAG FOR LAKEID1
DISTANCE FROM COAST (KM)
HYDROGEN ION DEPOSITION (G/M**2/YR)
NITRATE DEPOSITION (G/M**2/YR)
SULFATE DEPOSITION (G/M**2/YR)
PRECIPITATION (H/YR)
WATERSHED AREA/LAKE AREA
REG SPEC LTM NRC DEW DER SAMPLE CLASS
DISTURB W/I 100M - OTHER
ANNUAL RUNOFF INCHES FROM DIGIT MAP
POP. EXTRAPOLATION FACTOR
RESIDENCE TIME (YR)
SURFACE WATER RUNOFF (M/YR)
CALC LAKE VOL (10**6 CU M)
SECCHI.MEAN DEPTH (M)
STRATIFICATION (NONE .WEAK , STRONG)
D)WELL I) NO L)OG WINE R)OAD S)TOCK
POPULATION SIZE BY STRATA
TAG FOR BATID
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
Variable
widthb
20
6
6
6
9.4
9
30
2
9.2
9.4
9.3
6
9.4
9.4
1
1
25
40
10
11
3
5
7
4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.3
16
25
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
6
8
9.4
6
Decc
4
2
1
2
5
5
0
3
2
2
3
2
0
4
3
4
3
2
0
Column
start
1
29
36
43
50
60
1
32
35
45
55
65
12
22
32
34
36
1
42
53
65
69
1
9
14
24
34
44
54
64
1
18
44
54
64
1
11
21
31
38
47
57
Column
end
20
34
41
48
58
68
30
33
43
53
63
70
20
30
32
34
60
40
51
63
67
73
7
12
22
32
42
52
62
72
16
42
52
62
72
9
19
29
36
45
55
62
Card
No.
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
48
Table 9. (continued)
Card
No.a Variable Label
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
LABNAM
NUSAM
DATSHP
STAID
SAHIDT
SAMCOD
DICVAL
DICVALF
DICVALT
OICQCS
DICQCST
PHSTVL
PHSTVLF
PHSTVLT
PHSTQC
TURVAL
TURVALF
TURVALT
TURQCS
COLVAL
COLVALF
COLVALT
SPLCOD
ANSUMF
CATSUMF
SOBCF
ORGIONF
ANSUM
CATSUM
SOBC
ORGION
ANOEF
HC0316
HC0316F
CA16
CX)316
C0316F
CL16
MG16
N0316
K16
NA16
S0416
FTL16
LABORATORY FOR ANALYSIS
NUMBER OF SAMPLES IN THE BATCH
DATE SHIPPED FORM 2
STATION ID FORM 2
TAG FOR SAMID
SAMPLE CODE
DIC - FIELD LAB (MG/L)
FLAG FOR DICVAL
TAG FOR DICVAL
DIC QCCS - FIELD LAB (MG/L)
TAG FOR DICQCS
PH - FIELD LAB
FLAG FOR PHSTVL
TAG FOR PHSTVL
PH QCCS - FIELD LAB
TURBIDITY - FIELD LAB (NTU)
FLAG FOR TURVAL
TAG FOR TURVAL
TURBIDITY QCCS - FIELD LAB (NTU)
COLOR (PCU)
FLAG FOR COLVAL
TAG FOR COLVAL
SPLIT CODES
FLAG FOR ANSUM
FLAG FOR CATSUM
FLAG FOR SOBC
FLAG FOR ORGION
SUM OF ANIONS (UEQ/L)
SUM OF CATIONS (UEQ/L)
SUM OF BASE CATIONS (UEQ/L)
ORGANIC ANIQN (UEQ/L)
CATSUM - ANSUM (UEQ/L)
HC03 (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR HC0316
CALCIUM (UEQ/L)
CARBONATE ALKALINITY (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR C0316
CHLORIDE (UEQ/L)
MAGNESIUM (UEQ/L)
NITRATE (UEQ/L)
POTASSIUM (UEQ/L)
SODIUM (UEQ/L)
SULFATE (UEQ/L)
FLUORIDE (UEQ/L)
Variable Variable
type widthb Decc
CHAR
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
NUM
NUM
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
nm
30
9.4
7
6
6
8
9.4
6
6
9.4
6
9.4
6
6
9.4
9.4
6
6
9.4
9.4
6
6
4
12
12
12
12
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.3
9.4
12
9.4
9.4
12
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
0
3
3
2
2
2
1
0
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Column Column
start end
1
32
42
50
57
64
1
11
18
25
35
42
52
59
66
1
11
18
25
35
45
52
59
64
1
14
27
40
50
60
1
11
21
31
44
54
64
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
30
40
48
55
62
71
9
16
23
33
40
50
57
64
74
9
16
23
33
43
50
57
62
75
12
25
38
48
58
68
9
19
29
42
52
62
75
9
19
29
39
49
59
69
Card
No.
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
-------
49
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 9. (continued)
Card
No.a
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
Variable
NH416
H16
H16F
SAMIDF
CA11
CA11F
CA11T
MG11
MG11F
HG11T
Kll
K11F
K11T
NA11
NA11F
NA11T
MN11
MN11F
MN11T
FEU
FE11F
FE11T
ALEX 11
ALEX 1 IF
CL11
CL11F
CL11T
S0411
S0411F
S0411T
NQ311
N0311F
N0311T
S 102 11
SI0211F
SI0211T
FTL11
FTL11F
DOC 11
DOC11F
DOC11T
NH411
Label
AHMQWIUM (UEQ/L)
HYDRONIUM FROM PHAC (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR H16
FLAG FOR SAMID
CALCIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR CA11
TAG FOR CA11
MAGNESIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR MG11
TAG FOR MG11
POTASSIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR Kll
TAG FOR Kll
SODIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR MA 11
TAG FOR NA11
MANGANESE (UG/L)
FLAG FOR MN11
TAG FOR MN11
IRON (UG/L)
FLAG FOR FEU
TAG FOR FEU
EXT. ALUMINUM (UG/L)
FLAG FOR ALEX 11
CHLORIDE (MG/L)
FLAG FOR CL11
TAG FOR CL11
SULFATE (MG/L)
FLAG FOR S0411
TAG FOR S0411
NITRATE (MG/L)
FLAG FOR N0311
TAG FOR N0311
SILICA (MG/L)
FLAG FOR SI0211
TAG FOR S 102 11
FLUORIDE (MG/L)
FLAG FOR FTL11
DOC-ANAL LAB (MG/L)
FLAG FOR DOC 11
TAG FOR DOC11
AMMONIUM (MG/L)
Variable
type
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
Variable
widthb
9.4
9.4
12
12
9.4
12
6
9.4
12
6
9.4
12
6
9.4
12
6
9.4
12
6
9.4
12
6
9.4
12
9.4
12
6
9.4
12
6
9.4
12
6
9.4
12
6
9.4
12
9.4
12
6
9.4
Decc
3
3
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
Column
start
1
11
21
34
47
57
70
1
11
24
31
41
54
61
1
14
21
31
44
51
61
1
8
18
31
41
54
61
1
14
21
31
44
51
61
1
8
18
31
41
54
61
Column
end
9
19
32
45
55
68
75
9
22
29
39
52
59
69
12
19
29
42
49
59
72
6
16
29
39
52
59
69
12
19
29
42
49
59
72
6
16
29
39
52
59
69
Card
No.
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
A*f
27
27
27
28
28
/W1
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
29
29
29
M|h
29
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
50
Table 9. (continued)
Card
No.a
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
36
37
38
39
Variable Label
NH411F
PHEQ11
PHEQ11F
PHAL11
PHAL11F
PHAL11T
PHAC11
PHAC11F
PHAC11T
ACC011
ACC011F
ACC011T
ACM 11
ACM11T
ALKA11
ALKA11F
ALKA11T
ALKC11
ALKC11T
CONDI 1
CONDI IF
CONDI IT
DICE 11
DICE11F
DICE 1 IT
DICI11
DICI11F
DICI11T
PTL11
PTL11F
PTL11T
ALTL11
ALTL11F
ALTL11T
CONCAL
CON011
COM012
COMMNT1
COMMNT2
FLAG FOR NH411
PH-AIR EQUILIBRATED
FLAG FOR PHEQ11
PHWVLKALINITY INITIAL
FLAG FOR PHAL11
TAG FOR PHAL11
PH-ACIDITY INITIAL
FLAG FOR PHAC11
TAG FOR PHAC11
ACIDITY-C02 (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR ACC01 1
TAG FOR ACC011
ACIDITY-MINERAL (UEQ/L)
TAG FOR ACM11
ALKALINITY (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR ALKA1 1
TAG FOR ALKA11
ALKALINITY-COS (UEQ/L)
TAG FOR ALKC11
CONDUCTIVITY-ANAL LAB (US)
FLAG FOR CONDI 1
TAG FOR COND11
EQUIL DIC-^NAL LAB (MG/L)
FLAG FOR DICE 11
TAG FOR DICE11
INITIAL DIC-ANAL LAB (HG/L)
FLAG FOR DICI11
TAG FOR DICI11
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (UG/L)
FLAG FOR PTL11
TAG FOR PTL11
TOTAL ALUMINUM (UG/L)
FLAG FOR ALTL11
TAG FOR ALTL11
CALC. SP. COND. (US)
COMMENT FORM 01 PT 1
COMMENT FORM 01 PT 2
COMMENT FROM FORM 02 PT 1
COMMENT FROM FORM 02 PT 2
Variable
type
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
Variable
widthb Decc
12
9.4 2
12
9.4 2
12
6
9.4 2
12
6
9.4 2
12
6
9.4 2
6
9.4 1
12
6
9.3 1
6
9.4 1
12
5
9.4 3
12
6
9.4 3
12
6
9.4 1
12
6
9.4 1
12
6
9.4 3
75
45
75
75
Column
start
1
14
24
37
47
60
67
1
14
21
31
44
51
61
1
11
24
31
41
48
58
1
I
8
18
31
38
48
61
1
11
24
31
41
54
61
1
1
1
1
Column
end
12
22
35
45
58
65
75
12
19
29
42
49
59
66
9
22
29
39
46
56
69
16
29
36
46
59
66
9
22
29
39
52
59
69
75
45
75
75
Card
No.
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
1 A
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
36
37
38
39
aCard No. is a variable on each record in columns 79-80.
• u nlr for ^ (character) fields is the integer field width. The width for NUM (numeric) fields
•
C0ec is the number of decimal places with which the original data were reported.
-------
ORNl/TM-10153
Table 10. Card-image format definition, data set 4, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Card
No.a
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
Variable
LAKEID
DATSMP
TIMSMP
HYDIO
WSOTH
SITDPM
AIRTHP
SECOIS
SECREA
OPTOP
DPB
TMPTOP
TMPB
CONTOP
CONTOPF
CONB
PHTOP
PHTOPF
PHB
TMPDF1
OP60
TMP60
CON60
PH60
TMPDF2
OUTLET
INLETS
BATID
SAMID
BAT IDF
STAID
SAMIDF
DICVAL
DICVALF
PHSTVL
PHSTVLF
TURVAL
TURVAIT
COLVAL
COLVALF
ANSUHF
CATSUMF
CONCALF
SOBCF
ORGIONF
ANSUM
CATSUH
SOBC
Variable Variable
Label I*!* widtn
LAKE ID
DATE SAMPLED FORM 1
TIME SAMPLED (24 H) HH:MM
HYDROLAB ID FORM 1
DISTURB W/I 100M - OTHER
SITE DEPTH (H)
AIR TEMP (DEG C)
SECCHI DISAPPEAR DEPTH (M)
SECCHI REAPPEAR DEPTH (M)
DEPTH AT SURFACE (1.5M) (M)
DEPTH AT BOTTOM-1.5M (M)
TEMPERATURE AT SURFACE (1.5M) (DEG C)
TEMPERATURE AT BOTTOM-1.5M (DEG C)
SP. COND. (UPPER HYDROLAB SAMPLE), (US)
Fl AC FOR CQNTOP
SP. COND. (LOWER HYDROLAB SAMPLE), (US)
PH AT SURFACE (1.5M)
FLAG FOR PHTOP
PH AT BOTTOM-1.5M
TEMP DIF TOP-BOTTOM (DEG C)
DEPTH .6*BOTTOM (M)
TEMPERATURE AT .6*DEPTH (DEG C)
CONDUCTIVITY AT .6*DEPTH (US)
PH AT .6*DEPTH
TEMP DIF TOP-.6*DEPTH (DEG C)
OUTLETS (#)
INLETS (#)
BATCH ID
SAMPLE ID
FLAG FOR BATID
STATION ID FORM 2
FLAG FOR SAMIO
DIG - FIELD LAB (HG/L)
FLAG FOR DICVAL
PH - FIELD LAB
FLAG FOR PHSTVL
TURBIDITY - FIELD LAB (NTU)
FLAG FOR TURVAL
COLOR (PCU)
FLAG FOR COLVAL
FLAG FOR ANSUM
FLAG FOR CATSUM
FLAG FOR CONCAL
FLAG FOR SOBC
FLAG FOR ORGION
SUM OF ANIONS (UEQ/L)
SUM OF CATIONS (UEQ/L)
SUM OF BASE CATIONS (UEQ/L)
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
NUM
NUM
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
7
7
5
2
25
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
6
9.4
9.4
6
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
6
6
6
6
6
9.4
6
9.4
6
9.4
6
9.4
6
18
18
18
18
18
9.4
9.4
9.4
Decc
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
2
2
1
1
1
0
2
1
0
0
4
3
3
1
3
3
4
Column
start
1
9
17
23
26
52
62
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
1
8
18
28
35
45
55
65
1
11
21
31
41
51
58
65
1
8
15
25
32
42
49
59
66
1
8
27
46
1
20
39
49
59
Column
end
7
15
21
24
50
60
70
9
19
29
39
49
59
69
6
16
26
33
43
53
63
73
9
19
29
39
49
56
63
70
6
13
23
30
40
47
57
64
74
6
25
44
63
18
37
47
57
67
Card
No.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
52
Table 10. (continued)
Card
No.a Variable Label
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
IS
15
15
15
15
ORGIOW
ANDEF
HC0316
HC0316F
CA16
COS 16
C0316F
CL16
MG16
N0316
K16
NA16
S0416
FTL16
NH416
H16
H16F
N0311F
LABNAM
CA11
CA11F
HG11
HG11F
Kll
K11F
NA11
NA11F
HN11
MN11F
FEU
FE11F
ALEX 11
ALEX 1 IF
CL11
CL11F
S0411
S0411F
N0311
S 102 11
SI0211F
FTL11
FTL11F
DOC11
DOC11F
NH411
NH411F
ORGANIC AWQN (UEQ/L)
CATSUM - ANSUM (UEQ/L)
HC03 (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR HC0316
CALCIUM (UEQ/L)
CARBONATE ALKALINITY (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR C0316
CHLORIDE (UEQ/L)
MAGNESIUM (UEQ/L)
NITRATE (UEQ/L)
POTASSIUM (UEQ/L)
SODIUM (UEQ/L)
SULFATE (UEQ/L)
FLUORIDE (UEQ/L)
AMMONIUM (UEQ/L)
HYDROGEN (UEQ/L) FROM PHAC
FLAG FOR H16
FLAG FOR N0311
LABORATORY FOR ANALYSIS
CALCIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR CA11
MAGNESIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR MG11
POTASSIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR Kll
SODIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR NA11
MANGANESE (UG/L)
FLAG FOR MN11
IRON (UG/L)
FLAG FOR FEU
EXT. ALUMINUM (UG/L)
FLAG FOR ALEX 11
CHLORIDE (MG/L)
FLAG FOR CL11
SULFATE (MG/L)
FLAG FOR S0411
NITRATE (MG/L)
SILICA (MG/L)
FLAG FOR SI0211
FLUORIDE (MG/L)
FLAG FOR FTL11
DOC-ANAL LAB (MG/L)
FLAG FOR DOC11
AMMONIUM (MG/L)
FLAG FOR NH411
Variable Variable
type widthb Decc
NUM
NUM
NUN
CHAR
NUM
NUM
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
9.4
9.3
9.4
12
9.4
9,4
12
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
12
14
30
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Column Column
start end
1
11
21
31
44
54
64
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
1
11
21
34
1
32
42
55
1
14
24
37
47
60
1
14
24
37
47
60
1
14
24
37
47
57
1
11
24
34
47
57
9
19
29
42
52
62
75
9
19
29
39
49
59
69
9
19
32
47
30
40
53
63
12
22
35
45
58
68
12
22
35
45
58
68
12
22
35
45
55
68
9
22
32
45
55
68
Card
No.
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
-------
53
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 10. (continued)
Card
No.a
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
Variable
PHEQ11
PHEQ11F
PHAL11
PHAL11F
PHAC11
PHAC11F
ALKA11
ALKA11F
CONDI 1
CONDI IF
DICE 11
DICE 1 IF
DICI11
DICI11F
PTL11
PTL11F
ALTL11
ALTL11F
CONCAL
COUNTY
LAKEID1
LAKEID1T
DISH
LAKENAME
ST
WSHED
ELEV
LAKESIZ
INOUT
LATDO
LONGDD
SUBRGN
MAPBIG
MAPSML
LAT
LONG
STRATA
HDEP
N03DEP
S04DEP
PRECIP
Label
PH-AIR EQUILIBRATED
FLAG FOR PHEQ11
PH-ALKALINITY INITIAL
FLAG FOR PHAL11
PH-ACIDITY INITIAL
FLAG FOR PHAC11
ALKALINITY (UEQ/L)
FLAG FOR ALKA11
CQNDUCTIVITYWVNAL LAB (US)
FLAG FOR CONDI 1
EQUIL DIC-ANAL LAB (HG/L)
FLAG FOR DICE11
INITIAL DIC-ANAL LAB (MG/L)
FLAG FOR DICI11
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (UG/L)
FLAG FOR PTL11
TOTAL ALUMINUM (UG/L)
FLAG FOR ALTL11
CALC. SP. COND. (US)
FIPS CODE (ST, COUNTY)
ERLD-UMD ID/ALSC WSHED-POND ID
TAG FOR LAKEID1
DISTANCE FROM COAST (KM)
LAKE NAME
STATE (TWO-LETTER ABBREV)
WATERSHED AREA (HA)
LAKE ELEVATION (M)
LAKE SURFACE AREA (HA)
PRESENCE/ABSENCE OF INLETS/OUTLETS
LATITUDE (DECIMAL DEGREES)
LONGITUDE (DECIMAL DEGREES)
NSWS SUBREGION
MAP SHEET NAME (1:250,000 SCALE)
MAP SHEET NAME, 15 OR 7.5 QUAD
LATITUDE
LONGITUDE
NSWS STRATA
HYDROGEN ION DEPOSITION (G/M**2/YR)
NITRATE DEPOSITION (G/M**2/YR)
SULFATE DEPOSITION (G/M**2/YR)
PRECIPITATION (M/YR)
Variable
type
NUN
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUN
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUN
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
Variable
width5
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
12
9.4
5
7
4
9.4
30
2
9.2
9.4
9.3
6
9.4
9.4
1
25
40
10
11
3
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
Decc
3
3
3
3
2
4
4
2
2
3
0
2
1
3
4
4
3
2
2
3
Column
start
1
11
24
34
47
57
1
11
24
34
47
57
1
11
24
34
47
57
1
11
17
25
30
40
71
1
11
21
31
49
59
69
1
27
1
12
24
28
38
48
58
Column
end
9
22
32
45
55
68
9
22
32
45
55
68
9
22
32
45
55
68
9
15
23
28
38
69
72
9
19
29
36
57
67
69
25
66
10
22
26
36
46
56
66
Card
No.
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
54
Table 10. (continued)
Card
No.a
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
Variable
RUNIN
WEIGHT 1
RT
RUNOFF
IAKEVOL
WALA
SECMEAN
STRAT
WSDIS
REGSPC
REGION
BNSTAR
ANCAT
HYDROTYP
Variable
Label type
ANNUAL RUNOFF INCHES FROM DIGIT HAP
POP. EXTRAPOLATION FACTOR
RESIDENCE TIME (YR)
SURFACE WATER RUNOFF (M/YR)
CALC LAKE VOL (10**6 CU M)
WATERSHED AREA/LAKE AREA
SECCHI.MEAN DEPTH (M)
STRATIFICATION (NONE .WEAK , STRONG)
D)WELL I)ND DOG M)INE R)OAD SHOCK
REG SPEC LTM NRC DEW DER SAMPLE CLASS
NSWS REGION
POPULATION SIZE BY STRATA
CATIONS/ANIONS
HYDROLOGIC TYPE
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
CHAR
Variable
widthb
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.3
9.4
6
8
16
1
9.4
9.4
9
Decc
0
4
3
3
3
3
2
0
4
Column
start
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
1
8
17
34
36
46
56
Column
end
9
19
29
39
49
59
69
6
15
32
34
44
54
64
Card
No.
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
aCard No. is a variable on each record in columns 79-80.
°Width for CHAR (character) fields is the integer field width. The width for NUM (numeric) fields
is in W.D format, where W = the total field width (decimal point included) and D = the number of decimal
places. For example, 34.78 is in 5.2 format.
C0ec is the number of decimal places with which the original data were reported.
-------
55
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 11. Card-image format definition, PC data set, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Card
No.a
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
Variable
LAKE ID
LAKENAME
LAT
LONG
ST
ELEV
LAKE SIZ
WSHED
MALA
HYDROTYP
TMPTOP
STRAT
SITDMP
SECMEAN
TURVAL
COLVAL
FEU
ANSUM
CATSUM
ANCAT
PHEQ11
PHSTVL
ALKA11
COND1 1
CONCAL
DICE 11
DICVAL
DOC11
ALEX 11
ALTL11
CA16
MG16
NA16
K16
NH416
S0416
HC0316
CL16
N0316
FTL16
PTL11
SI0211
REG_SPC
MN11
DATSMP
WEIGHT 1
BNSTAR
Label
LAKE ID
LAKE NAME
LATITUDE
LONGITUDE
STATE (TWO LETTER ABBREV)
LAKE ELEVATION (M)
LAKE SURFACE AREA (HA)
WATERSHED AREA (HA)
WATERSHED AREA/LAKE AREA
DRAINAGE, SEEPAGE, CLOSED, RESERVOIR
TEMPERATURE AT SURFACE
STRATIFICATION (NONE, WEAK, STRONG)
SITE DEPTH (M)
SECCHI, MEAN DEPTH (M)
TURBIDITY - FIELD LAB (NTU)
COLOR (PCU)
IRON (UG/L)
SUM OF ANIONS (UEQ/L)
SUM OF CATIONS (UEQ/L)
CATSUM/ANSUM
PHWMR EQUILIBRATED
PH - FIELD LAB
ALKALINITY (UEQ/L)
CONDUCTIVITY-ANAL LAB (US)
CALC. SP. COND. (US)
EQUIL DIC ANAL LAB (MG/L)
DIC - FIELD LAB (MG/L)
DOC-ANAL LAB (HG/L)
EXT. ALUMINUM (UG/L)
TOTAL ALUMINUM (UG/L)
CALCIUM (UEQ/L)
MAGNESIUM (MG/L)
SODIUM (UEQ/L)
POTASSIUM (UEQ/L)
AMMONIUM (UEQ/L)
SULFATE (UEQ/L)
HC03 (UEQ/L)
CHLORIDE (UEQ/L)
NITRATE (UEQ/L)
FLUORIDE (UEQ/L)
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (UG/L)
SILICA (MG/L)
REG SPEC LTM NRC DEW DER SAMPLE CLASS
MANGANESE (UG/L)
DATE SAMPLED FORM 1
POPULATION EXTRAPOLATION FACTOR
POPULATION SIZE BY STRATA
Variable
type
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
NUM
CHAR
NUM
CHAR
NUM
NUM
Variable
widthb
7
26
10
10
2
4.0
6.0
6.0
7.1
9
6.1
6
5.
6.
5.
4.0
6.
6.
6.
4.2
4.2
4.2
6.1
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
5.1
4.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
5.1
4.1
5.1
5.2
16
6.1
7
6.3
4.0
Column
start
1
9
36
46
58
61
66
73
1
9
19
26
33
39
46
52
57
64
71
1
6
11
16
23
29
35
41
47
53
59
66
73
1
8
14
19
26
33
40
46
51
57
63
1
8
16
23
Column
end
7
34
45
56
59
64
71
78
7
17
24
31
37
44
50
55
62
69
76
4
9
14
21
27
33
39
45
51
57
64
71
78
6
12
17
24
31
38
44
49
55
61
78
6
14
21
26
Card
No.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
aNote: Card number is a variable on each 80 column record. For cards 1-4, it is in column 80, and
in cojuror) 28 for card 5.
"Format for CHAR (character) fields is the integer field width. The width for NUM (numeric) fields
is in W.D format, where W = the total field width and D = the number of decimal places. For example,
34.78 is in 5.2 format. Numeric values are reported to their original accuracy and therefore a "Dec"
value (as in Tables 9 and 10) is not reported here.
-------
ORNL/TM-10153 5&
7. DATA TRANSPORT VERIFICATION
The ELS-I data sets can be read as fully formatted SAS data sets
or as card-Image files (Sect. 6). Regardless, users should verify that
the data have been correctly transported to their systems by generating
some or all of the statistics presented in Tables 12, 13 or 14-17.
These statistics were generated in SAS (PROC MEANS), but can be
duplicated in other statistical packages or languages. If the
statistics generated by the user differ from those presented here, the
data sets may have been corrupted in transport. Mote that missing
values in the card-image data sets are represented as -999. These
values must be removed before generating the summary statistics to
check data transport.
Tables 18-20 are card image printouts of the first five lakes in
data sets 3 and 4 and the PC data set (file ELS-I.RG1). They can be
used to check data formats for those using the card-image versions.
These statistics are presented only as a tool to ensure proper
reading of the data sets. They are not to be construed as summarizing
the ELS-I results.
-------
57
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 12. Characteristics of numeric variables, data set 3,
U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Variable
ACC011
ACMll
AIRTMP
ALEX11
ALKA11
ALKC11
ALTL11
ANCAT
ANDEF
ANSUM
BNSTAR
CA11
CA16
CATSUH
CL11
CL.16
C0316
COLVAL
CONCAL
CONDI 1
CONFI
CONIM
CONTOP
CON 1
CON 10
CON 2
CON 3
CON™4
CON 5
CON 6
CON 60
CON 7
CON 8
CON 9
CON B
DICE11
oicm
DICQCS
DICVAL
DISM
OOC1 1
N
1912
334
1919
1920
1922
704
1921
1920
1920
1920
1922
1922
1922
1920
1922
1922
1920
1919
1920
1922
1695
1720
1921
48
2
48
48
41
32
21
114
10
5
4
1188
1922
1922
472
1919
648
1922
Mean
41.47062
90.34781
9.21496
16.86948
269.22739
-35.89423
80.21609
1.17503
35.77778
486.25823
907.33611
4.89993
244.50655
522.03607
4.19715
118.40152
1.45003
38.99635
59.88313
58.97764
49.91976
52.30465
58.74128
41.64583
26.00000
41.68750
43.31250
39.75610
35.09375
38.42857
46.09649
27.90000
24.40000
24.25000
55.38889
3.01296
3.41214
2.07942
3.51185
36.27623
5.95128
Standard
deviation
73.52104
278.50100
6.98776
35.12652
453.86112
145.14583
149.10288
0.32886
133.91637
619.03406
1205.98069
6.62840
330.75733
609.37942
8.33956
235.25899
5.87867
37.81260
70.75693
103.56276
6.40529
5.30272
61.05095
41.85410
8.48528
42.43802
43.82953
29.27096
22.22228
26.74616
46.66601
15.09562
4.61519
5.31507
62.08917
5.09113
5.18873
0.07944
5,18560
24.37521
4.74350
Min
-743.00000
0.00000
-10.00000
-9.40000
-209.12000
-2850.45000
-2.00000
0.03240
-3880.40013
24.17000
19.00000
0.18700
9.33100
53.80000
0.00600
0.16900
0.00000
0.00000
7.23299
7.80000
33.00000
38.00000
0.00000
13.00000
20.00000
13.00000
17.00000
16.00000
17.00000
13.00000
8.00000
13.00000
20.00000
20.00000
0.00000
-0.15000
0.14800
1.82900
0.15800
1.00000
0.00000
Max
1605.000
2068.950
27.000
446.000
4046.600
659.400
5100.000
5.409
1738.560
5329.890
6332.000
60.940
3040.906
5396.040
94.700
2671.487
93.421
345.000
666.886
3613.300
76.000
72.000
486.000
272.000
32.000
275.000
282.000
148.000
132.000
134.000
286.000
67.000
31.000
31.000
623.000
46.908
49.834
2.322
48.990
121.000
48.220
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
58
Table 12. (continued)
Variable
DP 60
DP B
DP CAT
DP TOP
ELEV
FE11
FTL11
FTL16
HI 6
HC0316
HDEP
INLETS
KIT
K16
LAKE SIZ
LAKE VOL
LAT DD
LONG DD
MG11
MG16
MN11
NA11
NA16
NH411
NH416
N0311
N0316
N03DEP
NUSAM
ORGION
OUTLET
PHAC11
PHAL11
PHEQ11
PHFI01
PHIN01
PHSTQC
PHSTVL
PH 60
PH B
N
115
1191
51
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1920
1920
1922
1418
1922
1922
1921
1921
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1920
1475
1920
1922
1922
1690
1720
562
1921
113
1183
Mean
12.39913
7.95827
4.56863
1.35021
352.97086
1 09 . Ill 34
0.04922
2.59093
2.26214
240.52848
0.03330
1.42666
0.86590
22.14093
1 91. 20969
22.28651
42.76948
80.24077
1.54992
127.49657
27.05307
2.86096
124.45172
0.05092
2.82280
0.20088
3.24028
1.14727
20.61915
55.55495
0.73085
6.63927
6.59499
7.07354
3.92820
3.92978
4.02747
6.62114
6.16159
6.38929
Standard
deviation
9.78350
7.33872
0.50020
0.35169
212.00840
188.54109
0.04862
2.55929
9.24127
420.84902
0.01674
5.33883
1.55452
39.74911
2265.97715
286.38913
5.30628
8.35985
2.39174
196.74490
76.29103
4.68958
203.99664
0.09733
5.39616
1.02687
16.56341
0.29448
4.02085
40.27825
0.55139
0.81980
0.81339
0.97158
0.17577
0.06564
0.02385
0.82653
0.65213
0.77132
Min
4.00000
1.50000
4.00000
0.00000
1 . 50000
-34.00000
0.00100
0.05300
0.00000
0.05200
0.00700
0.00000
0.00400
0.10200
0.90000
0.00500
27.20833
67.17276
0.10200
8.39100
-20.00000
0.06000
2.61000
-0.06000
-3.32600
-0.10600
-1.71000
0.62000
6.00000
0.00000
0.00000
3.81000
3.80000
3.82000
3.18000
3.63000
3.95000
3.81000
4.62000
3.99000
Max
78.000
58.500
5.000
2.000
1582.000
2638.000
0.590
31.068
154.880
4051 .282
0.088
168.000
24.980
638.739
89357.750
8458.247
48.575
94.067
29.750
2447.235
2030.000
53.990
2348.565
1.630
90.367
30.600
493.578
2.070
30.000
261.967
5.000
8.820
8.780
8.930
5.900
4.190
4.100
9.360
8.110
8.840
-------
59
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 12. (continued)
Variable
PH TOP
PRECIP
PTL11
RT
RUNIN
RUNOFF
SECDIS
SECMEAN
SECREA
SI0211
SITDPF
SITDPM
S0411
S0416
S04DEP
SOBC
TMPDF1
TMPDF2
TMPTOP
TMP 1
TMPJO
TMP 2
TMP 3
TMP 4
TMP 5
TMP 6
TMP 60
TMP 7
TMP 8
TMP 9
TMP B
TURQCS
TURVAL
WALA
WEIGHT1
WSHED
N
1916
1922
1921
1286
1922
1922
1915
1916
1592
1922
1912
1922
1922
1922
1922
1922
1172
114
1921
48
2
48
48
41
32
21
114
10
5
4
1188
467
1921
1898
1723
1899
Mean
6.49296
0.98665
15.06132
1/18998
16.14880
0.41018
2.68366
2.60151
2.56231
2.66141
22.11145
6.73852
5.77956
120.33034
1.88979
518.59590
1.13063
3.40526
10.23550
11.58750
10.75000
10.51250
7.97292
7.20244
6.71250
6.54762
8.89737
7.60000
9 . 58000
10.30000
9 . 50480
4.77880
1.57565
61 .54920
11.26258
5362.90868
Standard
deviation
0.86117
0.20240
30.60416
3.19160
7.21895
0.18336
1.68140
1.65151
1.63344
3.20768
25.32269
7.71806
8.90770
185.45823
0.50270
614.10378
1.76898
2.17251
3.96171
1.67873
6.43467
2.49080
3.06752
3.04043
3.01745
3.29509
2.66855
4.32563
5.04450
5.32353
3.83471
0.10864
6.98437
461.01922
14.37614
32430.68105
Min
3.6000
0.65400
-6 . 1 0000
0.00000
2.00000
0.05080
0.10000
0.05000
0.00000
-1.14000
2.00000
0.50000
0.10000
2.08200
0.68000
33.95471
0.00000
0.00000
0.70000
8.50000
6.20000
5.20000
4.30000
4.10000
4.00000
3.90000
4.00000
3.90000
5.60000
5 . 30000
1.40000
4.50000
0.00000
1.73000
1.00000
5.00000
Max
10.460
1.959
833.000
45.109
40.000
1.016
11 .500
11.450
11 .400
22.600
391 .000
119.000
119.000
2477.580
4.170
5377.569
8.700
7.500
21 .900
16.700
15.300
16.700
16.700
16.700
16.700
16.600
15.300
16.300
16.000
15.800
21.100
5.200
290.000
16843.710
82.558
551300.000
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
60
Table 13. Characteristics of numeric variables, data set 4,
U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Variable
AIRTMP
ALEX11
ALKA11
ALTL11
ANCAT
ANDEF
ANSUM
BNSTAR
CA11
CA16
CATSUM
cm
CL16
C0316
COLVAL
CONCAL
COND11
CONTOP
CON 60
CON B
DICE11
DICIll
DICVAL
DISM
DOC11
DP 60
DP B
DP TOP
ELEV
FEU
FTL11
FTL16
HI 6
HC0316
HDEP
INLETS
Kll
K16
LAKE SIZ
LAKE VOL
LAT DO
LONG DO
N
1795
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
106
1111
1798
1798
1798
610
1798
107
1114
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1328
1798
1798
1797
1797
1798
1798
Mean
9.28273
17.16146
267.59825
78.81065
1.70948
37.89717
488.25553
907.95050
4.89983
244.50140
526.15266
4.25988
120.17119
1.45091
39.09399
60.32693
56.99743
57.06062
45.94340
54.98380
2.98671
3.38392
3.45045
36.16066
5.93411
12.50935
8.00350
1.34978
353.29066
109.91935
0.04901
2.57994
2.35312
239.49123
0.03333
1.45934
0.87249
22.30959
199.47747
23.62236
42.73941
80.22093
Standard
deviation
6.97854
35.71280
453.05996
100.46459
0.30213
67.35770
629.58124
1206.72927
6.70668
334.66356
630.20668
8.53221
240.69367
5.95657
37.99092
72.95000
64.68002
58.90198
47.64608
61.87565
5.05909
5.14487
5.11455
24.07413
4.75487
10.02531
7.42429
0.35176
213.47442
190.76451
0.04718
2.48342
9.51457
422.02708
0.01673
5.50630
1.58637
40.56350
2342.07629
296.05535
5.32249
8.34963
Min
-10.00000
0.00000
-209.12000
0.00000
0.30780
-576.70200
24.17000
19.00000
0.18700
9.33100
54.35000
0.04000
1.12800
0.00000
0.00000
7.25900
7.80000
0.00000
8.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.14800
0.15800
1.00000
0.00000
4.00000
1 . 50000
0.00000
1 . 50000
0.00000
0.00100
0.05300
0.00150
0.05200
0.00700
0.00000
0.00400
0.10200
0.90000
0.00500
27.20833
67.17276
Max
27.000
446.000
4046.600
1357.400
5.078
510.042
5986.790
6332.000
60.940
3040.906
5410.090
94.700
2671.487
93.421
345.000
667.128
543.000
486.000
286.000
623.000
46.908
49.834
48.990
121.000
48.220
78.000
58.500
2.000
1582.000
2638.000
0.587
30.884
154.882
4051.282
0.088
168.000
24.980
638.739
89357.750
8458.247
48.575
94.067
-------
61
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 13. (continued)
Variable
MG11
1 IU 1 1
MG16
1 IU I w
MN11
NA11
i»n i i
NA16
NH411
NH416
N0311
N0316
N03DEP
ORGION
OUTLET
PHAC11
PHAL11
PHEQ11
PHSTVL
PH 60
PH~B
PH TOP
PRECIP
PTL11
RT
RUNIN
RUNOFF
SECDIS
SECMEAN
SECREA
SI0211
SITDPM
S0411
S0416
S040EP
SOBC
TMPOF1
TMPDF2
TMPTOP
TMP_60
TMP B
TURVAL
WALA
WEIGHT1
WSHED
N
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1381
1798
1798
1798
1798
105
1106
1798
1798
1798
1209
1798
1798
1792
1793
1491
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1798
1095
106
1797
106
1111
1798
1775
1612
1776
Mean
1.57107
129.23654
27.42158
2.86874
124.79015
0.05342
2.96167
0.20519
3.30977
1.14669
55.24876
0.73135
6.63092
6.58711
7.06590
6.61476
6.14790
6.38069
6.48352
0.98723
15.25968
1.19708
16.17519
0.41085
2.68214
2.59967
2.55641
2.66738
6.77216
5.82384
121.25242
1.89078
520.83780
1.13123
3.28585
10.23422
9.00377
9.49523
1.58125
59.58885
11.26263
5461 .02381
Standard
deviation
2.53376
208.42700
76.89641
4.79774
208.70151
0.09833
5.45127
1.05574
17.02911
0.29350
39.99638
0.54860
0.82550
0.81743
0.97586
0.83263
0.65917
0.76725
0.86234
0.20298
31.45457
3.23114
7.24359
0.18399
1.68856
1.65794
1.63550
3.21926
7.83774
9.12651
190.01401
0.50291
630.33173
1.75375
2.14531
3.97149
2.68895
3.82036
7.17877
457.98664
14.40741
33195.60583
Min
0.10200
8.39100
0.00000
0.06000
2.61000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.62000
0.00000
0.00000
3.81000
3.80000
3.82000
3.81000
4.62000
3.99000
3.60000
0.65400
0.00000
0.00000
2.00000
0.05080
0.10000
0.05000
0.00000
0.00000
0.50000
0.10000
2.08200
0.68000
33.95500
0.00000
0.00000
0.70000
4.00000
1.40000
0.00000
1.73000
1.00000
5.00000
Max
32.533
2676.165
2030.000
58.549
2546.881
1.630
90.367
30.600
493.578
2.070
261.967
5.000
8.820
8.780
8.930
9.360
8.110
8.840
9.280
1.959
833.000
45.109
40.000
1.016
11 . 500
11.450
11.400
22.600
119.000
119.000
2477.580
4.170
5408.420
8.700
7.500
21.900
15.300
21.100
290.000
16843.710
82.558
551300.000
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
62
Table 14. Characteristics of numeric variables, PC data set
file ELS-I.RG1, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Variable
ALEX11
ALKA11
ALTL11
ANCAT
ANSUM
CA16
CATSUM
CL16
COLVAL
CONCAL
CONDI!
OICE11
DICVAL
OOC11
ELEV
FE11
FTL16
HC0316
K16
LAKE_SIZ
MG16
MN11
NA16
NH416
N0316
PHEQ11
PHSTVL
PTL11
RT
SECMEAN
SI0211
SITDPM
S0416
TMPTOP
TURVAL
WALA
WSHED
N
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
678
765
768
768
768
768
768
768
768
Mean
16.43132
246.43729
82.37370
1.09544
518.56986
252.80748
544.37003
168.70019
32.15820
63.77247
60.70167
2.67787
3.18445
4.89102
327.07311
87.91081
3.00737
219.34374
16.26754
118.99640
97.83916
33.64518
173.12857
2.88856
2.10560
7.11684
6.68322
13.41374
0.47060
2.82170
2.27329
5.81698
124.23265
10.99831
1.10473
80.92600
4086.33641
Standard
deviation
36.35289
395.25058
91.11827
0.19626
577.51590
310.58216
575.20750
298.79375
27.97935
66.35044
60.82066
4.32100
4.56360
2.88793
222.06455
122.56009
2.78388
367.15718
15.66557
827.83248
131.05954
75.41905
260.51477
5.24475
5.62028
0.83784
0.74451
21.50178
0.77263
1.84087
2.10464
6.08889
72.36926
2.32969
1.46060
647.16726
19195.40300
Min
0.00000
-45.60000
0.00000
0.67592
58.10000
19.26100
69.38000
4.24600
0.00000
10.80478
11.00000
0.04900
0.20400
0.14000
1.52000
0.00000
0.15800
0.30200
0.15300
3.70000
10.28300
0.00000
3.87200
0.00000
0.00000
4.34000
4.32000
0.00000
0.00017
0.25000
0.00000
0.50000
29.08600
1.50000
0.00000
1.90000
13.00000
Max
324.50000
4046.60000
796.80000
3.68011
4945.94000
3028.43100
4809.44000
2501.32400
250.00000
519.10627
453.50000
46.90800
48.99000
26.38000
1582.00000
1082.00000
30.88400
4051.28200
149.84000
16604.29688
1711.00800
1191.00000
2154.99000
54.88600
75.52100
8.90000
9.36000
376.40000
7.82332
11 .45000
13.01900
88.40000
879.87400
20.40000
17.40000
16843.71000
229433.00000
-------
63
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 15. Characteristics of numeric variables, PC data set,
file ELS-I.RG2, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Variable
ALEX11
ALKA11
r\ i_i\n i i
ALTL11
rl l_ i ^ i *
ANCAT
ANSUM
CA16
Vrl 1 w
CATSUM
CL16
w L. 1 w
COLVAL
CONCAL
COND11
DICE11
DICVAL
DOC11
ELEV
U. L_ L. »
FEU
1 1_ i i
FTL16
HC0316
K16
LAKE_SIZ
MG16
1 IU 1 W
MN11
i in i i
NA16
NH416
N0316
PHE011
i 1 1 1 \f t i
PHSTVL
PTL11
RT
SECMEAN
SI0211
SITDPM
S0416
TMPTOP
TURVAL
WALA
WSHED
N
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
592
271
591
592
592
592
591
592
591
591
Mean
14.85726
337.83703
55.08429
1.32298
397.92899
250.10206
455.17480
26.36550
47.52956
47.48514
45.08243
3.70076
4.16900
7.56780
417.96933
152.76182
1.95386
298.91267
15.37094
228.80470
143.00523
13.28547
42.29103
2.88165
1.69885
7.20709
6.66905
16.37500
1.33389
2.18672
2.60069
6.63514
66.87173
7.50085
1.22373
27.03393
1783.52453
Standard
deviation
24.06341
536.37445
71.24538
0.39460
573.55282
341.95743
573.02890
67.20984
40.07031
60.55767
53.06983
5.97319
5.94529
4.31016
93.19639
233.69000
1.79584
499.35963
12.53058
3687.82072
210.65423
30.34586
56.55044
4.51240
4.06693
0.96156
0.81658
13.02489
2.10697
1.27330
3.53472
5.63415
83.15468
3.54530
1.52824
111.64595
10555.14335
Min
0.00000
-48.60000
0.00000
0.30782
24.17000
12.97400
54.35000
1.12800
4.00000
7.25949
7.80000
0.00000
0.21700
0.00000
184.40624
0.00000
0.47400
0.21300
2.30100
3.80000
11.51600
0.00000
2.61000
0.00000
0.00000
4.44000
4.43000
0.00000
0.00231
0.35000
0.00000
0.90000
2.08200
0.70000
0.10000
1.73000
10.00000
Max
213.00000
4002.00000
805.00000
5.07775
5986.79000
2769.99900
5410.09000
1006.70200
345.00000
667.12761
494.00000
43.47000
44.23000
28.80000
594.36723
2290.00000
24.42500
3700.45800
165.18200
89357.75000
2676.16500
470.00000
876.96000
46.01500
81 .45600
8.93000
8.69000
146.00000
14.65093
9.05000
22.60000
36.90000
1917.52200
16.00000
24.00000
1687.34000
169319.00000
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
64
MrDAr Var1ab1es' pC data set,
U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Variable
ALEX11
ALKA11
ALTL11
ANCAT
ANSUM
CA16
CATSUM
CL16
COLVAL
CONCAL
CONDI]
DICE11
DICVAL
DOC11
ELEV
FEU
FTL16
HC0316
K16
LAKE SIZ
MG16
MN11
NA16
NH416
N0316
PHEQ11
PHSTVL
PTL11
RT
SECMEAN
SI0211
SITDPM
S0416
TMPTOP
TURVAL
InlALA
WSHED
N
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
252
131
251
252
252
252
252
252
231
231
Mean
15.04286
300.00282
102.87659
1.10402
795.15516
303.48070
840.54794
240.83323
49.95040
101.74301
93.67996
3.70177
4.10723
6.53758
198.44944
107.60714
2.92582
281.83960
65.27744
448.46504
245.99266
44.73810
215.43385
3.91381
11.59388
6.99524
6.58583
22.97222
0.42241
2.28745
4.32829
9.22460
256.31047
14.29325
4.43194
101.77597
22079.30303
Standard
deviation
37.61724
513.99854
147.01061
0.21191
921.42669
456.72497
925.75947
276.01491
56.21904
113.06640
96.78401
5.98719
5.80983
8.52618
264.90799
263.79158
2.96358
484.62304
91.87338
2230.58687
361.16737
146.28747
234.53684
8.30921
42.97750
1.22004
1.02353
71.32378
0.58274
1.40724
4.75184
14.14498
444.62537
4.81251
18.62202
423.29760
81102.78478
Min
0.00000
-209.12000
8.00000
0.77165
53.83000
9.33100
69.33000
15.51500
5.00000
8.01816
7.80000
0.11600
0.15800
0.28700
7.00000
0.00000
0.05300
0.05200
0.10200
2.80000
14.88900
0.00000
16.09500
0.00000
0.00000
3.82000
3.81000
0.00000
0.00041
0.05000
0.00800
0.90000
3.01900
0.90000
0.10000
1.91000
16.00000
Max
446.00000
3639.76000
1357.40000
2.06647
5263.49000
3040.90600
5396.04000
2671.48700
300.00000
666.88582
543.00000
42.59000
39.63000
48.22000
1103.40000
2638.00000
16.16000
3270.17500
638.73900
21091.00000
2447.23500
2030.00000
2546.88100
90.36700
493.57800
8.66000
8.96000
833.00000
3.25555
8.45000
19.92000
119.00000
2477.58000
21.90000
290.00000
5301.14000
551300.00000
-------
65
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 17. Characteristics of numeric variables, PC data set,
file ELS-I.SPC, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
Variable
ALEX11
ALKA11
ALTL11
ANCAT
ANSUM
CA16
CATSUM
CL16
COLVAL
CONCAL
CONDI 1
DICE11
OICVAL
DOC11
ELEV
FE11
FTL16
HC0316
K16
LAKE SIZ
MG16
MN11
NA16
NH416
N0316
PHEQ11
PHSTVL
PTL11
RT
SECMEAN
SI0211
SITOPM
S0416
TMPTOP
TURVAL
MALA
WSHED
N
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
185
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
186
129
186
186
186
186
186
186
185
186
Mean
30.38038
87.51387
107.00941
1.08956
234.77613
112.47215
250.88575
54.88017
26.17473
30.86082
29.92661
1.02046
1.37198
4.22379
465.47063
67.56720
2.33915
76.17933
11.12719
100.57507
56.86865
23.25538
64.96949
2.22826
2.18545
6.50191
6.19844
8.88253
0.64988
3.41989
2.25655
7.83226
99.04769
10.26505
0.82446
22.33373
2183.27914
Standard
deviation
54.21199
130.11197
120.98585
0.24132
204.32662
93.59672
214.45812
112.91371
24.50996
24.36839
22.64624
1.40585
1.46852
3.24976
231.73038
112.44073
1.82291
116.86902
8.08205
300.57163
59.05333
25.52832
102.91122
3.75044
4.23507
0.98254
0.82480
10.47581
0.99895
1.79639
2.67706
7.54631
62.00120
3.22150
0.88564
59.47057
10270.65206
Min
0.00000
-63 . 20000
0.00000
0.66471
46.32000
14.47100
67.19000
5.07800
0.00000
7.34817
7.80000
0.00000
0.20100
0.09000
13.40000
0.00000
0.31600
0.62300
2.09700
0.90000
8.39100
0.00000
3.65400
0.00000
0.00000
4.19000
4.18000
0.00000
0.00825
0.65000
0.00000
0.60000
4.58000
2.90000
0.10000
1.79000
5.00000
Max
291.10000
990.60000
685.00000
2.79296
1366.95000
632.73200
1430.51000
1063.88400
150.00000
180.17453
169.00000
10.32000
11.79000
21.30000
1213.00000
1050.00000
11.61800
926.29100
91.79600
2861.89990
422.81600
134.50000
1038.78000
40.63800
34.76000
8.39000
7.74000
95.00000
7.33698
10.75000
18.50000
60.00000
699.55200
21.20000
7 . 50000
702.00000
120474.00000
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
66
Table 18.
Card-image listing uirst five lakes), data set 3,
U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
BOHON5
DO 3.9000
190 090 1.8000
1.0000
-999.0000
-999.0000
1E3-018 21NOV84 26NOV84 05DEC84 29NOV84 150CT84 13:42
4.0200
18.0000
1.5000
53.0000
-999.0000
14 15 16
58.0000 49.0000
6.0000 1.2000
-999.0000 10.4000
-999.0000 7.0700
-999.0000 -999.0006 -999.00oT9-°00° l OOoT'T
^n",;??0S -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000
-999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999 0000
-999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999 0000 - '
1
100
MOUNTAIN POND
POND 46.5583 69.0111
15' MUSQUACOOK LAKES
-999.0000
REG/
0.5080
EMSI
.9040
ME
1 E
0.0300
0.2440
BO
2
1
69
9
3
0
,2000
7796
2530
1600
8860
01 1 1.2026 DRAINAGE
442.00 368.8000 29.200 I/O
PRESQUE ISLE
46-33'30"N 69-00'40"W
0.8200 1.8000 1.0660
20.0000 10.3330
1000 MIXED 744.0000
19.0000 160CT84 1
1.9090 7.4200
4.7000 40.0000 F
1E3 23021
15.140
0.1160
66.903
72.8820
0.0500 BO
244
BO
.1280
BO
19.9000
0.0199
BO
278
7.6400
0.8710 5.2420 36.6700
0.2050
-4.0000
0.3280
0.0540 HON5
7.0800
330.2900 397.2000 393.9852
279.1900 0.5220 BO
4.0500
BOHON5
74.4730
.5950
68.0000
2.8530
1.0480
0.8430
7000
16.5000
7.0800
3.5770
0.0570
3.8000
3.0590
B5
CT/9C
94.500
69.2000
3.2930
-999.0000 U
39.7000
7.2800
PLICATE MEASUREMENT NOT MADE.
40.6216
SUSPECT, DU
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
-------
67
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 18. (continued)
BOHON5
DO 3.9000
090 045 10.7000
2.0000
10.4000
7.6600
1E3-060 21NOV84 26NOV84 05DEC84 29NOV84 150CT84 14:45
4.0200 58.0000 49.0000 23 24 25
18.0000 35.0000 2.2000
1.5000 9.2000 11.3000
52.0000 47.0000 7.1000
0.9000 -999.0000 -999.0000
-999 0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 1.0000 2.0000
-999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000
-999 0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000
-999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000
-999.0000
02 1 1.2210 DRAINAGE
17521.00 230.1000 873.800 I/O
PRESQUE ISLE
46-18'10"N 68-52'30"W
0.8000 1.6700 1.0440
20.0000 10.3330
2.1000 MIXED 744.0000
19.0000 160CT84 1 R
-999.0000 7.4200 -999.0000
45.0000 E BOHON5
331.6100 404.9100 402.5401
277.5440 0.6550 BO
1
MILLINOCKET LAKE
LAKE 46.3028
15' MILLINOCKET LAKE
-999.0000
REG/
0.5080 43.3820
EMSI
.5870
.5000
100
ME
68.8750 1 E
0.0290
1E3 23021
20.050
0.5130
2
0,
BO
66.3937
.3380
.3280
.0750
73.301
88.4290
0.0400 BO
-999.0000
BO
232.3610 BO
8.9000
7.6400
12.2000
0.0212
BO
264.3000
2.8620
6.2000 65
CT/9C
PLICATE MEASUREMENT NOT MADE.
1.0480 5.4210
0.2120
4.0000
0.3310
0.0650 HON5
6.7200
31.1460 87.0900
5.5620
89.0000
7.2600
79.300
1.9040
-999.0000 U
40.7000
1.1160
0.7160
4.1830
0.0420
7.4000
3.0530
26.9000
41.5374
SUSPECT, DU
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
3?
38
39
-------
ORNL/TM-10153 68
Table 18. (continued)
000
26NOV84 05DEC84 29NOV84 150CT84 12:47
33 oOO -
,9,000 ^ ,!:3S ?:SS
-999.0000 -° -999,000 "•200° -999,oo299-0000 , 00o1" ' °?°
-999. GOOD -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999 0000-999 0000
-999 • 0000 -999 . 0000 -999 . 0000 -999 . 0000 -999 0000 -999 0000 -9™ §
-~999:X ~999-°000 ~999*°000 -9"-0000 -9"-0000 -999:°°°° -"9- 10
WHFnnr* i AITC ] 10° °4 ] 1.0894 DRAINAGE 12
WHEELOCK LAK'E ME 629.00 243.5000 52.000 I/O 3
iJ- FAP.P .A,4-7'2000 68'7167 ] E E°MUNDSTON J
n tAbLt LAKE 47-12'00"N 68-43 '00"W 1E3 23003 T?
-999.0000 0.0310 0.8600 1.7700 l.?6oO 12 loT 16
0.3810 1.2550 5.1500 MIXED 10'3330 °-57°° "
ruci •.-—« j.uuwpuAtu /44.UUOO IB
19.0000 160CT84 1 R
n'cnAn -999.0000 7.5800 -999 QOOO 20
0-5000 -999.0000 20.0000 E BOHON5 2?
31.9413 39.535 365.2?90 BO ^IL" 'TlsS^"0
9.1960 67.7820 0.1610 4.6790 50.6770 65.2710 1.3580 24
0.'8240 ' 4 B° 0.1830 7'15°° T 1650 25
-5.0000 "jft nnnn •»•«
9.3000 0.3260 36'000° 3 1350 8
0.0100 HON5 2.8770 29
0.0258 3.2300 0 0360 ™
on 5'810° U° 7'4100 7 4500 3?
,QB ,nnn 36.5000 -999.0000 U 32
4 5610 P7 -999.000 U 48.5000 33
2;7000B5 45.2000 4<756° 50.1980 II
36
37
PLICATE MEASUREMENT NOT MADE. SUSPECT, DU 38
-------
69
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 18. (continued)
BOHON5WO
JO 3.8500
090 140 36.9000
3.9000
5.1000
6.9000
56.0000
5.0000
1E33-0056021NOV84 ™^%«S™ 'Wi^
' I'sT 121-000°3S.404002000 H.7000
S:S5 I:S5
ftQSOO 54000 1-0000 4.0000
11 4000 11 4000 '11.3000 10.6000 5.8000
D999USOOO -99? MOO -999 0000 -999.0000 77.0000
69*0000 55 0000 55.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -
-999.0000
GLAZIER LAKE
LAKE
15'
100 05 i 1.1640 DRAINAGE
ME 133706.00 170.4000 281.6001/0
47.2278 69.0000 1 E "MUNDSTON^^ ^.^ U3 23003
48.2140
Y
0,340 0,700 ,
4.0500 STRONG LR 744.0000
19.0000 160CT84 1
-999.0000 7.5300
-999.0000 50.0000
BO
8.8980
0.3480
REG/
0.3810
EMSI
0.4600 P1UO
0.5000
BO
59.7194
36.1650
2.4390
1'0510 3.0000
1.2820
0.4030 HON5WO
6.0200
8.0500 7.5500
on 25.9000
632.1000 -*•••«» U
«• Qcin /. loUU
0.4000 85 39.9000
CT/9C
474.810
0.0950
R
-999.0000
BOHON5WO
115.471 563.5460 BO
86.4550 6.5000
0.0200 BO
17.8000
0.0276
704.1200 819.5900 817.1291
659.1790 2.8900 BO
62.5960 93.5650 1.4530
13.2100
94.0000
3.3490
-999.0000 U
77.9000
1.4390
4.4940
0.0440
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
7.6600 31
32
33
34
83.8261 35
36
^UNSTABLE READING - LARGE ACTIVE ZOOPLANKTON n SAHPLE; Y-DATA SUSPECT, ou 38
PLICATE MEASUREMENT NOT MADE.
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
70
Table 18. (continued)
.8500
0903140 36.9000
:::•-
21 N0"84
.OOOO
"NOV84 1 50CT84 1 1 : 1 5
-s
GLAZIER LAKE
LAKE 47.2278 69.0000 E
'1659 DRAINA6E
281-600I/°
REG/
FMS?'3810 48'214° 4-°500 STRONG LR
70450 , 19.0000 160CT84'l
' •U*fjU 1 QQ£n
Rn °-4000 -999.0000 50.0000
BU BO
61.6538 115.908 558.1470 BO
36.2220 86.9490 6.5000
1.3860 0.0300 BO
I'0510 0.3170
2.0000
14.6000 -,.2840
0.4030 HON5
0.0270 6>2200
BO 8-0500 7.5800
80 27.6000
632-1000 7 nn n -999.000 U
7.0080 7 noo
-5.4000 B5
CT/9C
PLICATE MEASUREMENT NOT MADE.
e13'0120
13.1300
92.0000
3.3810
-999.0000 U
76.0000
1.4430
4.5020
0.0250
7.6000
83.2397
SUSPECT, DU
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
-------
71
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 19. Card-image listing (first five lakes), data set 4,
U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
1A1-003 250CT84 10:51 B
5.6000 5.4000 1.5000
22.0000 4.5000
-999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000
0.4360
HON5Z1
11
8
5
EHSI
.3305
.0400
.1560
-33.235
16.2870
16.2181
0.8820
9.7750
1.
4.
23.
0.2480
13.0000 B5Z1
6.3620
0.0542
4.7900
-9.9000
0.4100 Zl
23.8860 36043 04-504
96.00 645.3000
UTICA
43-57'25"N 74-57'30"W
30.0000 9.6330
MIXED REG/
7.3000 8.0000
7.2000 11.5000 11.3000 23.0000
4.5500 0.2000 -999.0000 -999.0000
1.0000 -999.0000 210 14
4.8000 0.4000 10.0000
HON5Z1
154.0100 120.7700 99.3970
Zl 59.2810 0.0000 Zl
6.3410 17.4870 132.4570 2.8530
HON5
1.1880
0.4020
208.3000
0.6060 0.8360
5700 0.0930
7300 4.7900
7000 B5 0.1290
0.0000 ZO 386.6000
-999.0000 HAWK POND NY
12.800 NI/0 POND
15' BIS MOOSE
1A1 0.0430 1.2500
0.6830 0.7620 0.4340 7.500 5.5000
1 711.0000 0.7842 DRAINAGE
0.1980
33.0000
0.2850
Zl
43.9569 74.9583 A
2.1000 0.9090
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
72
Table 19. (continued)
1A1-004 250CT84 10:32 B
7 3000 c nnnn
20.0000 4.4600 4.4400 0.1000 -999 0000 -9QQ nnnn
-999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 -999 0000 210 i, ° 999-0000
2 HONS7! °'428° 7, 4'6700 °*2000 5-°°00
HON5Z1 Zl HON5Z1
on Mt 125.9900 104.5500 82.3830
-21.441 0.6330 HOZ1 45.0100 0.0000 HOZ1
16.5340 8.7750 7.4410 13.3980 106.7860 2.2950
7.3903
7.5040
1.2750
EMSI
20.8930
0.0436
4.6900
-11.3000
0.3770
0.2910
30.0000 B5
5.1290
HON5
0.9020
0.3080
163.3000
0.5440
HOZ1
22.0660 36043 04-500
73.00 612.7000
UTICA
43-55'00"N 75-01'00"W
30.0000 9.6330 -999.0000
MIXED REG/
0.2010
52.0000
0.2660
0.3630
1-0600 0.0230 Zl
4-7100 4.6800
22.7000 85 0.1280 Zl
0.0000 ZO 273.1000
-999.0000 EVERGREEN LAKE
19.500 NI/NO LAKE 43.9167
15' NUMBER FOUR
1A1 0.0440 1.2800 2.1400
75.0167 A
NY
0.9060
0.7620 0.6610 3.740 6.2500
1 711.0000 0.8298 SEEPAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
-------
73 ORNL/TM-10153
Table 19. (continued)
1A1-008 150CT84 11:43 P DAM AT NORTH END OF LAKE 1.5000 18.0000
16000-999.0000 1.5000-999.0000 12.3000-999.0000 32.0000
' -9990000 6.3500 -999.0000-999.0000-999.0000-999.0000
-999 0000 -999.0000 -999.0000 1.0000 1.0000 205 03
2 1.1390 6.5400 1.1000 30.0000
HON5Z1 Zl HON5Z1
02 200.5300 217.3200 215.6880
38.4854
11.3400
1.3860
EMS I
L.I I*J JL
0.0450
7.0200
71.8000
1.2340
26.0820
11914.00
UTICA
43-42 '30"
25.0000
MIXED DR
16.788 65.3980 1
49.4380
0.2455
0.2510
87.0000
5.7400
36041 05-667
640.1000
N 74-28 '30"W
9.6330
REG/
1.8870 6.4180 32.
HON5Z1
2.5440
0.7560
85 17. 3000
0.1170
4.0000 D2
6.4800
26.0000
6.3000 B5Z1
-999.0000 CEDAR
264.600 I/O UNKNOWN
15' INDIAN LAKE
26.9460 0.0300
8860 119.5070
0.
5.5580
0.0250 Zl
6.6100
0.7680
205.5000
RIVER FLOW
43.7083
1A1 0.0430 1.2300 2.0800
0.0250 0.6350 1.
1 711.0000
2.3690
6010
20.0000
0.4020
NY
74.4750 A
0.9090
8420 45.030 1.6000
1.0837 DRAINAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
i f\
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
74
Table 19. (continued)
1A1-009 300CT84 13:49 B
,
-*»
HON5Z1
27.3742 -48.688 0.6230
HON5Z,
150-24
°-6000
".0000
EMS I
0.0650
122.0000 85
6.6240
0.0367
4.5100
-23.1000
0.5450
26.6430 36041 07-934
129.00 812.0000
UTICA
43-37'15"N 74-37'15"W
30.0000 9.6330
MIXED REG/
0.5070
0.4590
324.5000
0.1230
1.9720
).2580
35.0000
0.2760
28.2000 85
5-8000 Zl
-"9-0000
0.1660 Zl
638.3000
LAKES (EASTERN)
NY
°-°450
0.7620
0.0520 17.430
.
1 711.0000 0.6759 DRAINAGE
0.9000
1 5000
3
4
5
6
B
9
10
n
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
Table 19. (continued)
^
D2HON5Z1
4 % 5000 -999.0000 13.2000 -*99°6oOO° 34°6oOO°
0000 4 3000 -999 . 0000 -999 . 0000 -999 . 0000 -999 . 0000
-999.0000 -999.000099.0000 -999^-999.0000 206^04
146.81jgHO?I?.1500 79.7480
02 45.8580 0.0000 02
2.8380
02 HON5Z1
0.9190
0
282
0
80
3
rM<-T
EMSI
.6590
-22 660
15 2186
40.7380
02
4840
5650
. .
15.8340 131.8950 1.7480
.3640
.7000
.0970
Zl
0.1110
249.0000 B2B5
6.3350
.0332 5.3500
.4200 4.3700
2000 33.7000 D2WO
'5560 0.1000 B5Z1
30^6790 36041 04-1011 -999.0000 SNYOER LAKE
145 00 734.6000 7.300 I/O LAKE 43.5708
UTICA 15' OLD FORGE
43-34'15"N 74-49'15"W 1A1 0.0470 1.3900 2.3300
30 0000 9.6330 0.0290 0.7620 0.0300 19.860
0.
4,
34
0.
2
0
4
0
527
0.1850
23.0000
0.3940
6760
0660
3900 02
2340
5000
NY
74.8208 A
0.8900
1.0000
MIXED
REG/
.
1 711.0000 0.8457 DRAINAGE
2
3
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
23
24
-------
ORNL/TM-10153
76
up 1akes>' PC data set,
, U.S. EPA Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
1A1-003 HAWK POND
7.5 DRAINAGE 0.58 11.5 MIXED
0.78 4.79 4.80 -9.9 23.7 23 9
17.5 6.3 5.2 132.5 0.9
33.0 250CT84 9.633 711 5
1A1-004 EVERGREEN LAKE
3.7 SEEPAGE . 12 2 MIXED
0.834.694.67 -11.3 22.7 22 1
13.4 7.4 1.3 106.8 0.6*
52.0 250CT84 9.633 711 5
1A1-008 CEDAR RIVER FLOW
45.0 DRAINAGE 0.02 12.3 MIXED
1.08 7.02 6.54 71.8 26.0 26 1
32.9 6.4 1.4 119.5 66.4' 1
20.0 150CT84 9.633 711 5
1A1-009 TWIN LAKES (EASTERN)
17.4 DRAINAGE 0.05 10.6 MIXED
0.68 4.51 4.54 -23.1 28.2 26 6
20.0 1.7 2.5 137.9 0.6*
35.0 300CT84 9.633 711 5
1A1-010 SNYDER LAKE
19.9 DRAINAGE 0.03 13.2 MIXED
0.85 4.42 4.36 -34.2 33.7 30.7
15.8 2.8 3.7 131.9 0.5 1
23.0 160CT84 9.633 711 5
43-57'25''N 74-57'30"W NY 645 13
n il'3n 5'5 °'4 10 13'° 154-0
0.13 0.44 1.57 208.0 386.6 59.3
8.0 9.8 2.9 0.0 0.84 REGULAR
43-55'00"N 75-01'00"W NY 613 20
7.3 6.3 0.2 5 30.0 126.0
0.13 0.43 1.06 163.0 273.1 45 0
7.5 8.8 2.3 0.0 0.36 REGULAR
43-42'30«N 74-28'30"W NY 640 265
1.5 1.6 1.1 30 87.0 200.5
0.77 1.14 4.00 17.0 205.5 126.9
.3 1.9 2.4 6.3 5.56 REGULAR
43-37'15«N 74-37'15»W NY 812 7
n nV5n ]45 °'6 25 122'° 150-2
0.17 0.47 4.16 324.0 638.3 25 3
7.8 2.0 1.9 5.8 1.97 REGULAR
43-34'15''N 74-49'15"W NY 735 7
0.9 1.0 0.4 40 249.0 146 8
0.23 0.68 5.35 282.0 527.5 45.9
1'1 ]-6 I-7 0.1 2.68 REGULAR
96 1
120.8 2
16.3 3
4
73 1
104.5 2
16.5 3
4
11914 1
217.3 2
49.4 3
4
129 1
101.5 2
21.2 3
4
145 1
124.1 2
15.2 3
4
-------
?7 ORNL/TM-10153
8. REFERENCES
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-------
ORNL/TH-10153 78
Hill... D.C.J.. J.F. Potter, and s.j. Simon, 1986. National Surface
water Survey, Eastern Lake Survey - Phase I, Analytical Methods
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Kanciruk, P., J = M. Ellers, R.A. McCord, D.H. Landers, D.F. Brakke, and
R.A. Linthurst, 1986. Characteristics of Lakes in the Eastern
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Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
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Morris, F.A., D.V. Peck, M.B. Bonoff, and K.J. Cabbie, 1986. National
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-------
79 ORNL/TM-10153
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j.M. Omernik. Characteristics of Lakes in the Eastern United
States. Volume II: Lakes Sampled and Descriptive Statistics for
Physical and Chemical Variables. EPA-600/4-86-007B, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1986, 374 pp.
Skougstad, M.W., M.3. Fishman, L.C. Friedman, D.E. Erdman. and
S.S. Duncan, (eds), 1979. Methods for Determination of Inorganic
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Statistical Analysis Report: System Design and User Code Manual.
EPA-600/8-84-023. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC.
-------
-------
81
ORNL/TM-10153
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100. M. 6. Johnson, Northrop Services, Inc., 200 SW 35th Street,
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-------
ORNL/TM-10153 84
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Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, National Center, MS 412
Reston, VA 22092
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street
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Laramie, WY 82071
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Precipitation, 722 Jackson Place, NW, Washington, DC 20506
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-------
95 ORNL/TM-10153
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Biology, Cornell University, Boyce Thompson Institute for
Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853
141. Raymond G. Wilhour, Chief, Air Pollution Effects Branch,
Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street,
Corvallis, OR 97330
142 T. Williams, Office of Environmental Analysis, PE-26,
Room 46-036, Forrestal Building, U.S. Department of Energy,
Washington, DC 20585
143. Frank 3. Wobber, Ecological Research Division, Office of
Health and Environmental Research, Office of Energy Research,
MS-E201, Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20545
144. M. Gordon Wolman, The Johns Hopkins University, Department of
Geography and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218
145. Office of Assistant Manager for Energy Research and
Development, Oak Ridge Operations, P.O. Box E, U.S.
Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
146-172. Technical Information Center, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
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APPENDIX B
DATA BASE FORMAT DOCUMENTATION
Table B-1. File Documentation
Description
. — —
Regular8 lakes -
Northeast
Regular lakes -
Upper Midwest
Regular lakes -
Southeast
Special lakes •
all regions
Format - - This
file
Filename
, • —
ELS-I.RG1
ELS-I.RG2
ELS-I.RG3
ELS-I-SPC
ELS-I.FRM
Number
of Lakes
. —
768
592
252
186
Number
of Records
3840
2960
1260
930
....
Size (bytes)
•
274945
211937
90217
66589
~
a Probability Sample Lakes.
B-1
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Format Documentation for U.S. EPA NSWS ELS Data on PC Disk
The U.S. EPA NSWS ELS-I data, as reported in EPA report number EPA-600/4-86-007C have
been formatted into fixed records with a maximum length of 80 columns. The data in this format
may be stored on two double-sided/double density 5 1/4" diskettes (360KB) or on one high
capacity PC-AT disk. The disk was produced with PC-DOS 3.1. The data and format are reported
in the files as described in Table B-1. All of the data files have the same format as described in
Table B-2.
B-2
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ID
Name
Latitude
Longitude
State
Elevation
Lake Area
Watershed Area
Record Number
WA/LA
Hydrologic Type
Surface Temp.
Stratified
Site Depth
Secchi Depth
Turbidity
Color
Fe
Sum Anions
Sum Cations
Record Number
Cations /Anions
Equilibrated pH
Closed pH
ANC
Meas. Conductivity
Cal. conductivity
Equilibrated DIC
Closed DIC
DOC
Extractable Al
Total Al
Ca
Mg
Record Number
Na
NHA
SO4
Cl° 3
P°3
Total P
Si09
Sarffple Type
Record Number
Mn
Date
Population Factor
Strata Population
Record Number
(none)
(none)
(dd-mm'ss"N)
(dd-mm'ss"W)
(none)
(m)
(ha)
(ha)
(none)
(none)
(none)
(deg C)
(none)
(m)
(m)
(NTU)
(PCU)
(pieq/L)
(peq/L)
(none)
(none)
(pH)
(PH)
(peq/L)
(/jS/cm)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
(W/L)
(pg/U
(peq/L)
(peq/L)
(none)
(Aieq/L)
(peq/L)
(/neq/L)
/^/M
(peq/L)
(A/eq/L)
(/jeq/L)
(mg/L)
(none)
(none)
(pg/L)
(ddmmmyy)
(none)
(N)
(none)
char
char
char
char
char
num
num
num
num
num
char
num
char
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
num
char
num
num
char
num
num
num
7
26
10
10
2
4.0
6.0
6.0
1 .0
7. 1
9
6.1
6
5.1
6.1
5.1
4.0
6.1
6.1
6.1
0
4.2
4.2
4.2
6.1
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
1 .0
6.1
5.1
4.1
6.1
6.1
1
6.1
5.1
4.1
5.1
5.2
16
1
0
6.1
7
6.3
4.0
1.0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
1 - 7
9 - 34
36 - 45
46 - 56
58 - 59
61 - 64
66-71
73 - 78
80 - 80
1 - 7
9 - 17
19 - 24
26 - 31
33 - 37
39 - 44
46 - 50
52 - 55
57 - 62
64 - 69
71 - 76
80 • 80
1 - 4
6 - 9
11 - 14
16 - 21
23 - 27
29 - 33
35 - 39
41 - 45
47 - 51
53 - 57
59 - 64
66 - 71
73 - 78
80 - 80
1 - 6
8 - 12
14 - 17
19 - 24
26 - 31
33 - 38
40 - 44
46 - 49
51 • 55
57 - 61
63 - 78
80 - 80
1 - 6
8 - 14
16 - 21
23 - 26
28 - 28
A foot note will go here. .
B-3
«U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 19 8 8- s o 8-1 5 8 / 8 7 0 3 9
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^ r.
to
r!
&
g
Upper Midwest
Southern New England (1D)
Regions and Subregions, Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I
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