United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Great Lakes National
Program Office
536 South Clark Street
Chicago, Illinois 60605
EPA-905/3-84-004
oEPA
Contaminant Analysis
Of 1982 Fall Run Coho
Salmon (Onchorhynchlus
Kisutch)
Do not WEED. This document
should be retained in the EPA
Region 5 Library Collection.
^)T*^Jj:fi
-------
EPA 905/3-84-004
April, 1984
Contaminant Analysis of 1982 Fall Run
Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
by
David S. OeVault
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Great Lakes National Program Office
and
Joseph A. Weishaar
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Department of Health and Human Services
240 Hennepin Avenue
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401
For
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Great Lakes National Program Office
536 South Clark Street
Chicago, Illinois 60605
US. Environmental Proton Agency
Region 5, library Cfl-^J).
ITWest Jacfcson Boulevard,
Chicago, It 606044590
-------
DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Great Lakes National Program Office,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and approved for publication,
Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views
and policies of the USEPA, nor does mention of trade names or commercial
products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
-------
FOREWORD
The Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency was established in Region V, Chicago to focus attention
on the significant and complex natural resource represented hy the Great
Lakes.
GLNPO implements a multi-media environmental management program drawing
on a wide range of expertise represented hy universities, private firms,
State, Federal and Canadian governmental agencies and the International
Joint Commission. The goal of GLNPO is to develop programs, practices
and technology necessary for a better understanding of the Great Lakes
system and to eliminate or reduce to the maximum extent practicable the
discharge of pollutants into the Great Lakes system. The GLNPO also
coordinates U.S. actions in fulfillment of the Agreement between Canada
and the United States of America on Great Lakes Water Quality of 1978.
This study was carried out under a cooperative agreement between GLNPO,
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and the States of Ohio, Michigan,
New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin. The samples
were collected by state personnel and analyzed by USFDA. Data analysis
and program coordination was provided by GLNPO.
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ABSTRACT
Skin-on coho salmon fillets from Lakes Huron, Michigan, Erie and Ontario
were analyzed under a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the states
of Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana and Illinois. Results
indicate that the highest concentrations of pesticides and industrial
compounds occurred in coho from Lake Ontario and lowest in Lake Erie.
Tissue residue levels were below U.S. Food and Drug Administration
action levels for all compounds with the exception of mi rex and PCB
in Lake Ontario. Mi rex exceeded the action level of 0.1 ug/g in each
of the 3 composite samples from Lake Ontario. The Lake Ontario samples
also exceeded the 2.0 ug/g action level for total PCB. Comparison of
the 1982 data with that collected in 1980 indicate significantly (P<.05)
lower levels of DDT, PCB and chlordane in the 1982 samples from Lakes
Michigan and Huron. PCB has declined significantly in Lake Erie coho.
m
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Contents
Page
Foreward 11
Abstract Ill
Figures and Tables v
Ac know! edgements vi
Introduction 1
Methods 2
Results and Discussion 6
References 16
iv
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Figures
Figure 1 Tributary Locations for 1982 Coho Salmon Collection
Page
. 3
Tables
Table 1 Coho Salmon Sample Data - 1982 Collections 4
Table 2 Contaminant Data From the 1982 Coho Salmon Collections 7
Table 3 Mean Contaminant Concentrations in 3 Year Old Coho Salmon
Composites 1982 10
Table 4 Comparison of 1980 and 1982 Mean Levels for Ma.i'or
Contami nants 14
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Acknow!edgements
We thank the many people in the Fisheries and Natural Resource Department
of the States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and
New York who collected samples for this program. We also thank Dr. .James
Clark, USEPA, Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Florida;
Dr. Ronald Sloan, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation;
and Dr. Ronald Rossmann, University of Michigan for reviewing and commenting
on the report. We also thank Ms. Lois J. Payne and Ms. fiaynell Whatley
for typing the manuscript and tables.
VI
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Introduction
Fish contaminant monitorinq programs have been implemented by state and federal
agencies throughout the Great Lakes Basin with varying levels of intensity. The
Great Lakes Fish Monitoring Program (GLFMP) was designed and implemented to pro-
vide interagency coordination and cooperation for gathering information on the
contaminant problem in the Great Lakes (GLNPO 1981). In an effort to address the
potential public health concerns associated with contaminants in major game fish
from each of the Great Lakes, one element of the Great Lakes Fish Monitoring
Strategy calls for the collection and analysis of fall run coho salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch).
Coho salmon were chosen for contaminant monitoring because of their popu-
larity as a sport fish, rapid growth rates and migratory behavior. Coho move
about the nearshore and open water areas of a lake while maturing and are
exposed to contaminants from numerous sources. As a fast growing, terminal
predator in the Great Lakes, coho salmon consume large quantities of alewife
and other forage fish. They may, therefore, accumulate chlorinated organics
and other contaminants both through direct absorption and the food chain.
Numerous coho salmon of a uniform age group can be sampled relatively easily
as mature fish return to tributaries to spawn at the end of their three
year life cycle. Also, their three year life span provides an indication
of contaminant problems over the recent past, as opposed to the extended
picture given by more long lived species such as lake trout (Salvelinus
namaycush).
Papers have been prepared for data generated by this program in 1980 (Clark
et al. 1984) and 1981 (DeVault and Weishaar 1983). This paper presents
the 1982 data as well as a comparision of current contaminant levels with
those observed in the first year of the program (1980).
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Methods
State agency personnel collected adult coho salmon using nets and other con-
ventional equipment as the fish began their fall, upstream migrations in 1982.
Where sufficient fish were available, 15 adult coho salmon were collected at
each site (Figure 1) and composited 5 fillets per sample. Two year old fish
supplemented the Kellogg Creek and Platte River (Lake Michigan), and Detroit
River (Lake Erie) collections. The age, mean lengths, weghts and ranges for
fish yielding fillets are listed in Table 1. The collecting agency froze
the fish samples and shipped them to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's
(USFDA) laboratory in Minneapolis, Minnesota for analysis. All samples
were standard skin-on fillets (GLNPO 1981).
The fillets in each sample were ground into a uniform tissue homogenate. An
aliquot of this homogenate was weighed and analyzed for contaminat residues
according to the USFDA Pesticide Analytical Manual (USFDA 1980). Contaminants
were triple extracted from the fish tissue in petroleum ether and fats separated
from the sample using petroleum ether/acetonitrile partitioning. The sample
preparations were then added to an activated Florisil column. Three solutions
of increasing polarity were put through the column providing distinct preparations
for analysis with interferences due only to interactions of individual and
multipeak contaminants within each extract.
Mi rex and 8-monohydromirex (photomirex) were determiner) by a combination of
official and collaborated methods. This involved the triple extraction of the
contaminants from the fish tissue in petroleum ether with fats separated from
the samples using an unactivated Florisil column. The mirex and 8-monohydro-
mirex were partially separated from the other contaminants using an activated
Florisil column. Additional clean up was by a nitration process followed by
an alumina column as described by Norstrom et al. (1980).
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Figure 1: Tributary locations for 1982 Coho Salmon collections
LAKE SUPERIOR
Kellog Creek
Illinois
M2
Springbrook
New York
O1
Trail Creek
Indiana
M3
Huron River
Ohio
E2
Trout Run Trib.
Pennsylvania
E4
Chargrin River
Ohio
E3
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TABLE 1 COHO SALMON SAMPLE DATA - 1982 COLLECTIONS
Collection
Site and Date Sample #
Lake Huron
Tawas River 1
Michigan 2
9/30/82 3
Lake Michigan
Trail Creek1
Indiana 2
10/4-14/82 3
Kellogg Creek 1
Illinois 2
11/10-19/82 3
Platt River 1
Michigan 2
9/30/82 3
Lake Erie
Detroit River 1
Michigan 2
11/02/82 3
Huron River 1
Ohio 2
10/15/82 3
Chagrin River 1
Ohio 2
10/25/82 3
Trout Run Tributary 1
Pennsylvania 2
10/13/82 3
Lake Ontario
Salmon River 1
New York 2
11/03/82 3
#Fish
Composited
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Age
3
3
3
3
3
3
2/3
3
3
2/3
2/3
2/3
2
2
2/3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Mean MM
Length (Range)
587(354-670)
666(660-670)
707(685-720)
586(493-637)
630(622-640)
670(637-744)
526(440-600)
603(555-655)
646(625-665)
578(550-605)
636(625-661)
679(665-712)
622(540-651)
664(648-681)
708(683-732)
593(546-612)
630(583-675)
674(619-745)
618(597-635)
649(630-673)
668(648-711)
5fiO(5?5-600)
623(590-650)
643(610-690)
756(732-767)
786(757-810)
815(796-825)
Mean KG %
Weight Range Lipid
2.31(0.50-2.90) 4.9
3.27(3.00-3.50) 4.0
3.92(3.54-4.45) 4.2
2.18(1.30-2.61) 2.8
2.72(2.63-2.83) 4.0
3.41(2.95-4.08) 4.6
1.51(1.00-2.20) 0.9
2.81(1.85-2.60) 1.4
2.90(2.75-3.25) 1.7
1.51(1.25-1.85) 0.8
2.17(2.00-2.50) 1.0
3.06(2.50-3.57) 0.8
2.16(1.67-3.02) 0.5
3.23(3.05-3.40) 1.3
3.69(3.47-3.89) 1.0
2.02(1.75-2.24) 2.0
2.49(2.35-2.60) 2.7
3.07(2.60-3.99) 1.6
2.65(2.38-2.83) 7.1
3.06(2.83-3.29) 5.6
3.67(3.40-3.96) 5.4
1.77(1.50-?.07) 3.0
2.33(2.13-2.44) 1.4
2.68(2.47-3.12) 2.6
4.28(4.00-4.55) 2.3
5.08(4.65-5.75) 1.2
5.72(5.49-5.82) 2.0
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Organochlorines were quantified on a Hewlett-Packard gas-liquid chromatograph
using a Nickel-63 electron capture detector.
Analytical grade standards and pesticide grade solutions were used in the
analysis. Analytical quantitation limits were 0.005 ug/g for DDT, chlordane
components, endrin and mi rex, and 0.10 ug/g for PCB. A series of chlori-
nated chemicals resembling toxaphene were quantified when present at 0.25 ug/g
or greater using a toxaphene standard. Several pesticides and industrial
compounds which were present at low concentration were not quantified unless
present at concentrations above 0.05 ug/g, although detection limits were
0.005 ug/g or less. All fish tissue concentrations were computed on a ug/g
wet weiqht basis and not corrected for extraction or recovery efficiency.
Standard USFDA quality control procedures were followed throughout (USFDA
1980).
For purposes of graphical display and numerical calculations, concentrations
below quantitation limits and above detection limits were assumed to be 1/2
the quantitation limits. Concentrations below the instrument detection
limits were calculated as 0.
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Results and Discussion
Laboratory analysis indicated the presence of 25 pesticides and industrial
compounds in the 27 coho salmon samples analyzed (Table 2). These included
pesticides currently in use in the Great Lakes Basin and substances whose
use has been banned or severely restricted. Table 2 includes data on com-
posites of both two and three year old fish, while Table 3 and the following
discussion compare only 3 year old coho as these are most directly comparable
and represent the highest contaminant concentrations. The Lake Michigan
3 year old data set consists of only 3 samples from Trail Creek and 2
samples from Kellogg Creek due to the large number of 2 year olds collected
at the Michigan sites (Table 1).
PCBs were the most prominent contaminant found (Table 2). Total PCBs were
highest in three year old coho from Lake Ontario with an average of 2.65 ug/g.
Lake Michigan 3 year olds averaged 0.83 ug/g while both Lake Erie and Lake
Huron averaged 0.67 ug/g (Table 3). Aroclor 1254 was the predominate Aroclor
mixture comprising between 60 percent and 80 percent of the total PCB burden
across the entire data set.
Total PCB concentrations exceeded the USFDA action level only in Lake Ontario
where all samples were above the USFDA action level of 2.0 ug/g total PCB.
Total p.p-DDT concentration varied widely between lakes with 3 year old
coho from Lake Erie averaging 0.10 ug/g and Lake Ontario 0.57 ug/g.
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Table 2
Contaminant Data From the 19R2 Coho Salmon Collections
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
Total PCB
P.P'-DOE
P,P'-ODD
P.P'-DDT
Total DDT
Trail
ND
<0.10
0.37
<0.10
0.47
Creek,
NO
<0.10
0.47
0.12
0.64
IN
ND
0.24
0.87
0.22
1.33
Lake Michigan
0.15 0.18 0.38
<0.005 <0.005 0.03
<0.005 <0.005 <0.005
0.155 0.185 0.4125
Apparent toxaphene 0.3
0.4
0.6
Hexachl orohenzene
Dacha!
Oieldrin
Endrin
A-BHC
G-BHC(lindane)
Trans nonacholor
Cis nonachlor
Cis chlordane
Trans chlordane
Octachlor epoxide
Total chlordane
Heptachlor epoxicde
Pentahhlorophenyl
methyl ether
Trifl ural in
Mi rex
B~Monohydromired
(Photomi rex)
<0.05
<0.05
0.02
<0.005
<0.05
<0.05
0.02
<0.005
0.01
o.oi
<0.005
0.045
<0.005
<0.05
ND
MA
NA
<0.05
<0.05
0.05
<0.005
<0.05
<0.05
0.02
<0.005
0.02
0.01
<0.005
0.055
<0.005
<0.05
ND
NA
NA
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.005
0.05
<0.05
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.01
<0.005
0.1125
<0.005
<0.05
ND
NA
NA
Kelloqq Creek, IL
ND
<0.10
0.38
<0.10
0.48
ND
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00
Table 2 (continued)
Contaminant Data From the 1982 Coho Salmon Collections
Detroit River, MI
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
Total PCB
P.P-ODE
P.P-DDD
P.P-DDT
Total DDT
Apparent toxaphene
Hexachlorobenzene
Dachal
Dieldrin
Endrin
A-BHC
G-BHC (lindane)
Trans nonachlor
Cis nonachlor
Cis chlordane
Trans chlordane
Octachlor epoxide
Total chlordane
Heptachlor expoxide
Pentachlorophenyl
methyl ether
Triflural ine
Mi rex
Monohydromirex
8 (photomirex)
NO
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Table 2 (continued)
Contaminant Data From the 1982 Coho Salmon Collections
Lake Huron
Lake Ontario
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
Total PCB
P.P-DDE
P.P-DDD
P.P-DDT
Total ODT
Apparent toxaphene
Hexachlorobenzene
Dacha!
Dieldrin
Endrin
A-BHC
G-BHC (lindane)
Trans nonacholor
Cis nonachlor
Cis chlordane
Trans chlordane
Octachlor epixide
Total chlordane
Heptachlor epoxide
Pentachlorophenyl
methyl ether
Trifl ural in
Mi rex
8-Monohydromirex
(Photomirex)
Tawas River,
ND
<0.10
0.46
o.u
0.62
0.20
0.01
0.02
0.23
1.0
<0.05
<0.05
0.03
<0.005
<0.05
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Table 3
Mean Contaminant Concentrations in 3 Year
Old Coho Salmon Composits - 1982
Mean (Standard error) in ug/g
Lake
Michigan
Huron
Erie
Ontario
Number of
Samples
5
3
9
3
Total
PCB
0.83
(0.19)
0.67
(0.03)
0.67
(0.05)
2.65
(0.31)
Total
DDT
0.27
(0.06)
0.21
(0.01)
0.10
(0.01)
0.57
(0.03)
Total
Chlordane
0.08
(0.01)
0.07
(0.004)
0.04
(0.02)
0.12
(0.01)
"Apparent
Toxaphene"
0.68
(0.16)
0.83
(0.09)
0.03
(0.05)
0.83
(0.09)
Weight
(kg)
2.68
(0.23)
3.17
(0.47)
2.64
(0.19)
5.03
(0.41)
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Mean concentrations in Lake Huron and Michigan were intermediate at 0.21 ug/g
and 0.27 ug/g respectively. The dominate form was pp-DPE which comprised
between 47 and 97 percent of the total pp-DDT.
Total chlordane in three year old coho composites ranged from 0.05 ug/g in
Lake Erie to 0.12 ug/g in Lake Ontario (Table 3). Lake Huron and Lake
Michigan were intermediate with 0.07 ug/g and 0.08 uq/g respectively. While
the components of technical chlordane were present in all samples (Table 2),
total chlordane was well below the USFDA action level of 0.3 ug/g.
As in 1980 (Clark et al. 1984) and 1981 (DeVault and Weishaar 1983), a series
of chlorinated chemicals with chromatographic characteristics similar to toxa-
phene were found in all samples. Toxaphene standards were used for quanti-
tation, however, several of the peaks in the standards were consistantly
absent from the sample chromatograms. Mean concentrations of "apparent
toxaphene" in 3 year old coho ranged from 0.03 ug/g in Lake Erie to
0.83 ug/g in both Lakes Ontario and Huron.
As the pesticide mirex has been routinely found in the Lake Ontario Basin
(Veith, et al. 1979, Clark et al. 1984) only the Lake Ontario samples were
analyzed for Mirex and its photodegradation product, 8-monohydromirex (photo-
mi rex). Mirex ranged from 0.15 ug/g to 0.17 ug/g, and 8-monohydromirex
(photomirex) ranged from 0.06 ug/g to 0.08 ug/g (Table 2). Mirex was
substantially above the 0.10 ug/g USFDA action level in all the Lake
Ontario coho samples.
Several pesticides and industrial compounds occurred at low levels throughout
the basin (Table 2). These included hexachlorobenzene, dieldrin, A-BHC(HCH),
pentachlorophenylmethyl ether, and octachlor epoxide. Lindane was detected
at <0.05 ug/g at all sites except the Platte River (Lake Michigan),
11
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Trout run tributary (Lake Erie) and Salmon River (Lake Ontario). Endrin was
detected at <0.005 ug/g at all sites with the exception of the Huron River
(Lake Erie).
Highest mean concentrations of DDT, PCB, and chlordane were observed in three
year old coho from Lake Ontario and the lowest in Lake Erie. However, com-
parisons of the relative concentrations of contaminants found at various sites
must be tempered by the fact that neither the size, nor the sexual composition
of our samples were held constant. Contaminant concentrations are known to
increase with size and exposure period, (age) and recent information indicates
that in the fall, male coho may exhibit higher contaminant concentrations than
females (NYDEC 1982). While the effects of age have been eliminated by com-
paring only three year old fish, the size of the fish and sexual composition
of our composite samples varied from site to site. The smallest coho were
obtained from Lake Erie and the largest from Lake Ontario (Table 1). The
higher concentrations of contaminants in the Lake Ontario samples may reflect
the more rapid growth rates and larger fish as well as high levels of con-
taminant inputs. The lower contaminant contaminant levels in Lake Erie
coho may reflect the smaller fish collected there as well as the high
level of productivity and sedimentation which may bind up hydrophobic
contaminants and remove them from the system before they find their way
into the top carnivore fishes.
While trend monitoring of contaminant levels are not among the goals of this
element of the GLFMP, it is interesting to compare the 1982 data with that
of 1980. Table 4 gives the mean and standard error for major contaminants
in each lake in 1980 and 1982. Only sites at which data for 3 year old
coho were available for both years were included to avoid possible effects
12
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Table 4
Comparison of 1980 and 1982 Mean Levels for Major Contaminants
Mean (Standard Error)
Lake Michigan
We i ght
DDT
PCB
Chlordane
Number of
Samples
1980
3.49 (0.19)
0.67 (0.08)
1.90 (0.15)
0.175(0.01)
6
1982
2.68(0.14)**
0.36(0.09)*
0.79(0.17)**
0.08(0.01)**
5
1980
4.05 (0.27)
0.41 (0.02)
1.93 (0.05)
0.130(0.01)
3
Lake Huron
1982
3.17 (0.47)
0.21 (0.01)**
0.68 (0.03)**
0.068(0.002)**
3
Lake Erie
1980
2.37 (0.32)
0.265(0.11)
1.02 (0.07)
0.06 (0.004)
9
1982
2.64(0.19)
0.169(0.06)
0.67(0.05)**
0.05(0.006)
9
Lake Ontario
1980
4.68(0.42)
0.57(0.33)
3.23(0.31)
0.18(0.02)
3
1982
5.03(0.41)
0.79(0.12)
2.65(0.31)
0.12(0.01)
3
difference significant at P<.05
**Difference significant at P<.01
-------
due to geographical variation. It is readily apparent that in most cases mean
contaminant concentrations observed in 1982 were lower than those in 1980.
To test the significance of this apparent decrease, the data (pooled by lake)
for 1980 and 1982 were compared using a two sample T-test (Zar 1974). This
analysis (Table 4) indicated statistically significant decreases in DDT con-
centrations in Lakes Michigan and Huron, PCR concentrations in Lakes Michigan,
Huron, and Erie as well as chlordane in Lake Michigan and Huron. Mean con-
centrations of PCB, and chlordane declined in all lakes between 1980 and 1982,
though only those changes discussed above were statistically (P<.05) significant-
It is important that care be taken in the interpretation of these results.
While the effects of age have been eliminated by comparing only 3 year old fish,
the size and sexual composition of our collections varied from year to year.
In fact the mean weight of Lake Michigan coho was significantly (P<.05) lower
in 1982 than 1980. Regression analysis of the pooled 1980 and 1982 Lake
Michigan data yielded the following results when weight was used as predictor
of DDT, PCB and chlordane concentrations.
PCB (uq/g) = 0.98 X weight (kg) - 1.67
R2 = 67.3 F = 18.55 DF = 1/9 P<.01
DDT (ug/g) = 0.279 X weight (kg) - 0.341
R2 = 42.4 F = 6.62 DF = 1/9 P<0.1
Chlordane (ug/g) = 0.081 X weight (kg) - 0.121
R2 = 66.7 F = 18.0 DF = 1/9 P<.01
The decreased weight of the 1982 Lake Michigan samples is therefore a possible
contributary factor in the decline in contaminant concentrations in coho from
that Lake. The lipid content of our samples may also have varied between
1980 and 1982. Unfortunately lipid was not determined in 1980, precluding
evaluation of the effect of possible changes on observed contaminant con-
centrations.
14
-------
No assessment of trends In contaminant levels prior to 1980 was attempted,
however, the contemporary residue levels are generally less than those re-
ported in the 1960's and early 1970's (IJC 1978). Other fish collections
have been designed to specifically address trends in residue levels in open
lake fish (lake trout and smelt, whole fish preparation) as part of the Great
Lakes Fish Monitoring Program. These results will he reported at a later date.
15
-------
References
Armstrong, R. W. and R. J. Sloan. 1980. Trends in levels of several known
chemical contaminants in fish from New York State Waters. New York
State Department of Environmental Conservation. Albany, New York
June 1980. 77p.
Clark, J. R., D. DeVault, R. J. Bowden, and J. A. Weishaar. 1982. Con-
taminant analysis of fall run coho salmon. J. Great Lakes Res. 10:38-47.
DeVault, D.S. and J.A. Weishaar, 1983. Contaminant anslysis of 1981 Fall
Run Coho Salmon (Onchorhynchus Kisutch). U.S. EPA. Rreat Lakes National
Program, EPA 905/3-83-001. 16p
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IJC. 1978. Great Lakes water quaility status report, Appendix E. Great
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Gas liquid chromatographic determination of Mirex and Photomirex in
the pressence of Polychlorinated biphenyls. J. Assoc. Of. Anal. Chem.
63:53-59.
Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 1980. 1979 status of PCB's in Lake
Erie fishes. ODNR Communication, Columbus, Ohio.
Rohrer, T. K., J. C. Forney and J. H. Hartig. 1982. Organochlorine and
heavy metal residues in standard fillets of coho and Chinook salmon
of the Great Lakes - 1980. Journal of Great Lakes Reseach 8:623-634.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) 1980. USFDA Pesticide Analytical
Manual. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C.
Veith, G. D., D.W. Kuehl , E. N. Leonard, K. Welch and G. Pratt. 1981.
Polychlorinated biphenyls and other chemical residues in fish from
major watersheds near the Great Lakes, 1978. Pestic. Monit. J. 5:1-8.
Zar, J. H. 1974. Biostatiscal Analysis. Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey, 580p.
16
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-905/3-84-004
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Contaminant Analysis of 1982 Fall Run Coho Salmon
(Oncorhynchus Kisutch)
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
5. REPORT DATE
April. 1984
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOFUS)
David S. DeVault and Joseph A. Weishaar
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Department of Health and Human Services
240 Hennepin Avenue
Minneapolis, Minnesota
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Great Lakes National Program Office
536 South Clark Street
Chicago, Illinois 60605
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Research 1982
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
Great Lakes National Program
Office-USEPA Region V
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
Skin-on coho salmon fillets from Lakes Huron, Michigan, Erie and Ontario were
analyzed under a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the states of Pennsylvania,
New York, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana a.id Illinois. Results indicate that the
highest concentrations of pesticides and industrial compounds occurred in coho
from Lake Ontario and lowest in Lake Erie. Tissue residue levels were below
U.S. Food and Drug Administration action levels for all compounds with the
exception of mirex and PCB in Lake Ontario. Mirex exceeded the action level
of 0.1 ug/g in each of the 3 composite samples from Lake Ontario. The Lake
Ontario samples also exceeded the 2.0 ug/g action level for total PCB. Com-
parison of the 1982 data with that collected in 1980 indicate significantly
(P<.05) lower levels of DDT, PCB and chlordane in the 1982 samples from Lakes
Michigan and Huron. PCB has declined significantly in Lake Erie coho.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Coho salmon
PCB DDT contaminant
Fish contaminant
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATl Held/Group
1S. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Document is available to the public through
the National Technical Information Service
(NTISJ, Springfield^ VA 22161
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
21. NO. OF PAGES
26
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1985-555-187/507
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