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EPA-905-4-85-004
May 1985
METHODS MANUAL FOR BOTTOM SEDIMENT SAMPLE COLLECTION
by
Marvin Palmer
Surveillance and Research Staff
Great Lakes National Program Office
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region V
Great Lakes National Program Office
536 South Clark Street, Room 958
Chicago, Illinois 60605
Environmental Protection Aso
5, Library (5PL-16)
Dearborn Street, Boom 1670
, IL 60604
March 1984
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Purpose of the Manual
3. Sampling Site Selection
4. Sampling Equipment
4.1 Core Sampler
4.2 Ponar Dredge
4.3 Macroinvertebrate Samples
4.4 Safety equipment
5. Sample Containers arid utensils
6. Sample Collection
7. Field Observations
8. Preservation of Samples
9. Sample Handling And Custody Procedures
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Sample Control/ Holding Procedures
9.2.1 Procedures for Hazardous and non-Hazardous Water and
Sediment Samples
9.2.2 Sample Handling - Contract Laboratories and Contract Field
Staff
9.3 Chain of Custody Procedures
9.3.1 Sample Custody
9.3.2 Field Custody Procedures
9.3.3 Transfer of Custody and Shipment
9.3.4 Field Custody - Contractors
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Table of Contents (Cont.)
9.4 Field Logbook
9.5 Laboratory chain of Custody Procedures
10. Documentation Control Program
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Region V Documentation Control Program Description
10.3 Document Control Number
10.4 Serialized Documents
10.5 Project Logbook
10.6 Field Data Record
"V
10.7 Sample Identification Documents
10.8 Chain Of Custody Records
10.9 Photographs
10.10 Corrections To Documentat
11. Quality Assurance
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Policy And Objectives
11.3 Quality Assurance Procedures
on
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List of Figures
~igure 1
-"Igure 2
Figure 3
-Igure 4
r:igure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Equipment and Supply Checklist
Field Observation Sheet
Site Location Sheet
Logbook Format
Core Sectioni ng Log
Chai n of Custody Tags
Chain of Custody Record
Core Samp! er
List of Tables
Table i Categories for Field Evaluation of Sediment Characteristics
Table 2 Qualitative Descriptions of Odors
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INTRODUCTION
Great Lakes Harbor and River Sediment Sampling Program
Toxic substances are being introduced into the environment from many sources.
Secondary compounds from these toxicants are often formed in the environment.
Some of these secondary compounds are more hazardous than the primary chemicals
from which they came.
Sediments serve as a sink as well as a potential source for toxic and con-
vential pollutants. Even if discharges of pollutants are completely eliminated5
contaminated sediments can serve as a continuing source of pollution to aquatic
life, the Great Lakes, and the populations using the water bodies for drinking
water supplies. If one names the toxic substance problem areas around the Great
Lakes - Waukegan, Indiana Harbor Canal, Ashtabula, Saginaw River and Bay, Sheboygan
River, Green Bay, Milwaukee, Buffalo and Niagara River, the "problem" is invariably
linked with toxics in the sediments.
Some 10 million cubic meters of sediments are dredged annually to maintain
navigation in Great Lakes' ports. Many of these ports contain sediment contami-
nated with toxic substances. Environmentally safe dredging and disposal is neces-
sary to protect the lakes, wildlife, and the public while maintaining the econonic
viability of water borne commerce.
A large data base on levels of sediment contamination by conventional pollu-
tants (volatile solids, nutrients, metals) in Great Lakes exists from past USEPA
monitoring and Corps of Engineers' monitoring of federal navigation channels.
This data base has allowed the development of guidelines for determining the rel-
ative level of contamination in sediments and has been used to evaluate the suita-
bility of sediments for open lake disposal. This data base may be the largest
consistant (sampling methods and analytical methods) sediment contami nation data
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base in the country, representing over 100 harbors and rivers. The data has been
widely used for dredge and fill review, ranking of problem areas, reporting on
environmental status of areas, etc. Data gathered in the program has helped de-
tect or verify toxic substrance problems at Waukegan (PCBs) Marinette-Menominee
(arsenic), Ashtabula (PCBs, HCBs), Detroit River and Lake St. Clair (mercury),
Sacketts Harbor (mercury), Green Bay (mercury), etc. In a number of cases the
information stimulated remedial actions.
Due to the relatively recent identification of in-place pollutants as major
remaining sources of contaminants and the availability of the analytical capabil-
ity to allow the measurement of toxic organics, only a very limited and disjointed
data base presently exists for organic contaminant levels in sediments. To fill
the void, Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) is working to determine the
degree of contamination of Great Lakes river and harbor sediments by toxic
substances. Sampling priorities are being determined by examining fish flesh
contaminant data, locations of likely industrial sources, and by review of
USEPA and other agency data.
The information generated by this program will be used in making regulatory
decisions on dredging and disposal and to identify environmental "hot spots"
requiring further remedial activity including identification and control of
sources. Chemicals monitored in the sediments will form a new information base
for the Great Lakes. Selected samples will be scanned for organics and metals
using best available methods. The organic scans involve acid, base, and neutral
extraction of volatile and non-volatile substances. Quantification is routinely
done by gas chromatograph electron capture technology (GC/EC) for PCBs and 30
some pesticides.
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The basic tests in current use for the pollutional evaluation of bottom
sediments include:
1. The field observation of the sample for color, texture, odor, oil,
benthic organisms, detritus, etc.
2. Bulk sediment chemical analysis of the sediment.
3. Sediment size distribution.
4. An elutriate test of the sample mixed with water from the dredging
site.
5. Macroinvertebrate identification and enumeration.
6. Sediment bioassay using sediment together with macroinvertebrates,
periphyton, and fish to determine relative toxicity.
2. Purpose
The purpose of this Methods Manual is to provide detailed procedures for
survey planning, sample collection, document preparation and quality assurance
for sediment sampling surveys conducted by the Great Lakes National Program
Office. The data base will be utilized, if need be, to institute a remedial action
program in accordance with USEPA policies and procedures guidelines.
In order to remain current, this manual will be reviewed and updated on
an annual basis.
3. SAMPLE SITE SELECTION
Each site survey is designed by determining and plotting on a large scale
map the location of sewage treatment plant discharges, combined sewer discharges
(particularly those carrying industrial waste), industrial discharges, and any
other feature that might result in contaminated sediments. To this is added
any data on sedimentation patterns that may exist from dredging records, and
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existing data on sediment quality. This information is used to identify loca-
tions where contaminated sediments are most likely to be found.
Two categories of sampling sites are selected. Primary sites are sites
that are most likely to be contaminated and all primary sites samples will
be scanned and run for specific compounds which are known to be used in the area
or have been found in fish from the area. Secondary sites are sites which will
be run if the primary sites indicate a significant problem exists and will be
used to define the extent of the problem. Secondary samples would only be ana-
lyzed for the specific compounds indicated as problems at primary sites. Com-
pounds for specific analysis at primary sites will be selected based on data
from fish and from data on industrial and agricultural usage in the area.
In general, the finer and more polluted sediments will deposit along the
edges of a navigation channel, on the inside edge of a curve in a river, and on
the down drift side of the littoral drift beach zone. Samples should, therefore,
generally be collected in these areas rather than mid-channel. Sounding charts
are extremely helpful for sample site selection since they show the areas
requiring the most dredging and, therefore, where the shoal material is deposit-
ing. On a straight channel, lacking sounding information, a good approach is to
select sites on alternating sides of the channel.
Areas likely to show the pollutional effects of man's activity should be
sampled. Therefore, where applicable, sample sites should be located in the
vicinity of marinas, loading docks, industrial or municipal outfalls, etc.
If only a limited number of PCB and pesticide samples are to be collected, they
should be collected at these sites.
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If an open water disposal site may be used for the dredged sediment, sample
sites in the disposal site may be appropriate.
If a sediment bioassay is to be performed, sediment samples from "unaffected
areas" in the lake should be collected for use as "control" sediments in the
toxicity testing.
4. SAMPLING EQUIPMENT
Where the bottom material is of recent origin, such as in areas dredged
recently, surface grab samples are usually sufficient. Where there is likely
to be stratification of different sediment types with varying pollutional
levels, such as in areas where dredging has not taken place for a long time,
core sampling is recommended. The length of the core should approximate the
depth of the unconsolidated deposits. The final choice of sampler to be used
will depend upon the known or suspected characteristics of the area to be
sampled. Currently, a 2 inch diameter stainless steel corer with a CAB plastic
liner is used for all samples whenever possible.
Surface grab samples are collected when the coring device is ineffective
(sand or gravel), or when large quantities of surface material are required
(benthos collection or bioassay).
Macroinvertebrates are separated from the sediment by washing on a U.S.
standard No. 30 sieve.
4.1 Core Sampler
The stainless steel corer utilized by GLNPO is approximately 4 ft in
length and has a 2 inch inside diameter. A weighted free fall through the
water generates the force to penetrate the bottom sediment. A bronze nose
flutter valve prevents the material collected from dropping out. Thus once the
sediment is in the corer it will remain in the corer, unless it is very watery
(non-cohesive).
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If the sample is brought back in it's liner, the core liners should be
labelled with a sample tag (Figure 6) including date, time, sample location,
the number of the core if multiple cores are collected at the same site, and
the person collecting the sample. The liners should be labelled to indicate
which end is the top of the core since this may not be obvious from the appear-
ance of the core.
The core diameter and the vertical resolution desired (i.e., 2 inch verti-
cal layers, 1 foot vertical layers, etc.) will determine the number of cores
required at a sample site to provide sufficient sample material to perform the
desired chemical tests.
Core samples are usually best collected and stored using a core liner which
is capped at both ends for transportation and storage. Metallic liners (stain-
less steel preferred) or Teflon liners should be used if PCB and pesticides analy-
sis is to be performed on the sample.
Experience with plastic liners to date has revealed no contamination
problems with regard to PCBs and pesticides, but before extensive use of a
particular material, that material should be ground up, mixed with sediment and
the results compared with the results from the sediment prior to mixing.
Core samples are usually best left in the core liner for processing at the
laboratory. If this is not possible due to the type of corer used or the excess-
ive length of the cores, the cores may have to be extruded in the field with a
solid extruding rod (Figure 8), cut in about 30 cm or less lengths and placed
in sample jars with Teflon lined caps. In this case, upon being extruded, the
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samples are handled in the same manner as discussed below for surface grab
samples. Particular attention must be paid to properly labelling the sample
jars that will contain the various core vertical sections. The labels should
include the sample site, the number of the core if multiple cores will be taken
at the same site, and the vertical section of the core (i.e., 0-6 inches, 6-12
inches, etc.).
4.2 Ponar Dredge
The Ponar dredge is an aluminum/steel device also used in collect-
ing sediment samples whenever a corer cannot be utilized. The jaws of the Ponar
dredge, which close on the bottom, provide a sharp cutting action. The wide
jaws functions to prevent stones from jamming the shutting mechanism. The
screen on'the top serves to reduce the sediment loss due to the pressure-wave
in front of the dredge upon descent.
Upon retrieval, the sample should be emptied into either a rnetal
(bioassay, PCB or pesticides sample) or polyethylene (all other samples)
tub. The field observations should be recorded as discussed later in "Field
Observations". Additional pertinent information that should be recorded includes
the number of grabs used if a composite sample was necessary to obtain sufficient
sample material and a separate description of any grab in the composite which
differs markedly from the other grabs in the same composite (see figure 2).
Care should be taken to assure that a representative sample is taken.
Therefore, it is recommended that the sample be thoroughly mixed in the tub prior
to transfer to a sample jar.
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Bioassay samples should be processed using a stainless steel spoon or
spatula. Multiple grabs will likely be required to obtain sufficient sample
volume. The sample should be appropriately labelled and put in an ice chest
with ice (see "Preservation" section).
4.3 Macroinvertebrate samples
Samples must be washed through a U.S. Standard No. 30 sieve. The ma-
terial that is retained on the sieve after thorough washing should be spooned
or transferred with tweezers to the sample jar. Care must be taken to avoid
injury to the benthic organisms when transferring them to the sample jar.
The appropriate label should be filled out and affixed to the sample
jar. If more than one jar is necessary for a sample, all tags should include a
notation such as "1 of 3, 2 of 3, . . .". The jars do not have to be placed in
an ice chest but they may be for convenience.
4.4 Safety Equipment
The field personnel will follow all the safety procedures to assure an
accident free working environment. They will utilize floatation devices, wear
rubber gloves, and steel-toe shoes.
The equipment needed on sediment surveys will vary, depending on the
area and the purpose, but a check list such as Figure 1 should be used to assure
that needed equipment/supplies are not over-looked.
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5.0 Sample Containers
Any container material can be criticized for some reason, legitimate or not,
unless adequate quality assurance, in conjunction with the sampling is used to
show that contamination of the sample and loss or degradation of the sample para-
meters is insignificant. For all sediment samples glass jars with teflon lined
lids, are generally considered satisfactory. The major disadvantage of glass is
that freezing samples in the jars will usually break the jar. The suitability
of various plastics for use as containers for PCB, pesticides, and bioassay
samples has not been adequately studied to warrant their use. Polyethylene and
polypropylene are generally considered acceptable for most inorganic chemical,
physical and biological parameters. Teflon is generally considered satisfac-
tory for virtually every parameter, but the extreme cost of Teflon makes its
use limited.
For organics samples, the sample should be transferred from the metal tub
to the glass sample jar using a metal spoon or spatula. The glass jar should
be pre-washed as outlined below. An aluminum foil square should be placed over
the mouth of the jar (overlapping about 2 inches) or a Teflon liner inserted in
the cap before sealing with the cap. The sample jar should be labelled (see
Figure 6) and placed in an ice chest (see "Preservation" section).
In some cases, such as bioassay and elutriate water, quality assurance
studies for sample Containers have not been performed. GLNPO advocates
the use of either glass or polyethylene for elutriate water and glass or stain-
less steel for bioassay samples.
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Aluminum foil has been used for lining caps for sediment samples in the
past, apparently with no adverse effects. Beginning with the October 1982
survey, teflon lined closures will be used exclusively for all sediment samples,
Occasionally glass sediment sampling jars have been prewashed with
soap and water or with hexane, but for the most part, new unwashed jars have
been used, with at most a thorough rinsing with water from the sampling site.
Since no adverse effects have been noted from this procedure, it is now the
standard operating procedure. In summary, at present new (unused) jars are
pre-rinsed with water from the sampling site and Teflon lined paper backed lids
are used for closures.
6.0 SAMPLE COLLECTION
If samples are to be collected from a small boat, the location of the sam-
pling can be defined by compass point to nearby landmarks or navigation buoys,
rangefinder readings to nearby landmarks, fathometer readers, Loran C readings,
visual estimates or various combinations of these.
Depending on wind velocity or difficulty of obtaining a sample it may or
may not be necessary to put down an anchor to maintain position while sampling.
The core sampler may be allowed to free-fall from a certain distance above bottom
or it may be lowered fairly rapidly. The advantage of a fairly rapid versus
lowering free-fall, on the present winch, *at least, is that it reduces the
incidence of tangled cable. It may also reduce the incidence of smashed or bent
nosepieces.
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As indicated under equipment, coring is the preferred method of sampling
for priority pollutants.
If elutriate tests will be performed on sediments, water samples for the
elutriate test should be collected at a depth of 1 meter from the bottom in an
area representative of that which will be dredged. A non-rnetal lie sampler
should be used. The sample bottle should be placed in an ice chest for storage
(see "Preservation" section).
7.0 FIELD OBSERVATIONS
Observations on a sediment sample in the field form an important part of
the pollutional evaluation. Comprehensive field observations are a very valu-
able aspect of the survey for sediments.
Field observations that should always be recorded include sampling date
and time; sampling site significance and location; sampling depth; color,
texture, odor, presence of oil in the sediments; and the absence or presence of
benthic organisms, as well as their identification, if possible. Figure 2 & 3
show an example of a properly completed observation sheet. The field logbook
is also utilized (Figure 4).
At surface sampling sites where macroinvertebrate samples will not be
retained for further analysis, it is useful to sieve a portion of the sediment
sample through a U.S. Standard No. 30 sieve as an aid to completing the entries
for observed benthic organisms on the field observations sheet.
Notations of any unusual conditions encountered should also be recorded on
the field observation sheet. This can include, for example, adverse weather con-
ditions, equipment malfunctions, frequent passage of shipping traffic, etc.
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Further notations to be made depend upon the sampling equipment used or the c/!>,
cf samples being collected, i,n\ «re discussed i n the appropriate sections
e.' sewher e.
In order to achieve cor.Gisterrcy in recording sucn data, guides to ci'i'.su.
ing sediment types and odors are gibers In Tables 1 a-M :-!. In the cast of odor;,,
the abbreviated codes given in Table 2 can be used for << klrd of shortlana noi.:
tion. Additional pertinent information that should be recorded include;, the
number of attempts required to obtain a useable core, tlu-; approximate penetra-
tion depth of the corer, loss of sample through top or bottom of sampler upon
retrieval, etc.
8.0 Preservation of^ampl_e
Except for macroi nvertebrates samples, the samples should bu placed in an sea
chest with wet ice for storage. The chest should be refilled with wet ice as
necessary to keep the chest contents cold, at approximately 4°C to prevent
bioloaical activity and chemical reaction.
The appropriate label should be filled out and affixed to the sample isn.
If more than one jar is necessary for a sample, all tags should include a n.na-
tion such as "1 of 3, 2 of 3, . . .".
For macroinvertebrates samples, the preferred preservative is 70% ethanol.
A 70% ethanol solution is approximated by filling the jar, containing the sample,
half full and a small amount of rinse water, with 9b% ethanol.
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If formalin is used for the macroinvertebrates, the jar should be filled
about one-half full with sample. Sufficient rinse water should be added (or
already present) to assure that the sample is suspended in water. Formalin
should then be added to 5% by volume, i.e., add about 25 ml formalin per pint
of sample (including rinse water).
Once preserved as above, the samples do not have to be kept cold. For
convenience, they may be kept in the same ice chest used for the samples dis-
cussed above. However, the macroinvertebrate samples should not be frozen.
The required field preservations can be summarized as follows:
Preservation Sample types
Iced, at about 4°C, Bulk sediment chemical analysis
Elutriate test sediment samples
but not frozen PCB and pesticides samples
Water for the elutriate test
Bioassay samples
70% ethanol or 5% formalin Macroinvertebrate samples
9.0 SAMPLE HANDLING AND CUSTODY PROCEDURES
9.1 Introduction
As in any other litigation, the USEPA must be able to prove that any analyt-
ical data offered into evidence in a court of law accurately represents environ-
mental conditions existing at the time of sample collection. This implies that
it can be clearly demonstrated that none of the involved samples could possibly
have been tampered with during collection, transfer, storage or analysis. There-
fore, an accurate written record must be maintained to trace the possession of
each sample from the moment of it's collection through it's introduction into
evidence. Samples for which this accurate documentation is maintained are called
custody samples.
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Since the USF.PA, Region V, performs the same basic sample handling operations on
both known litigation and non-litigation samples all sediment samples collected
by the SRS will be collected and handled according to the standard custody proced-
ures. This does not apply to GLNPO's lake surveillance water samples.
9.2 Sample control/holdi ng procedures
A sample is physical evidence collected from a facility and/or from the
adjacent environment. An essential part of all enforcement investigations is
that evidence collected be controlled. To accomplish this, standard operation
procedures for sample handling and chai n-of-custody have been developed. Accord-
ingly, these procedures shall be utilized for all sampling situations and sample
types (parameters and preservative types) carried out by the SRS staff on sedi-
ment surveys.
Environmental samples may represent several media/ matrices or mixed
media/matrices types; e.g., water, fish, sediment, air, soil, oil, and water,
etc. Some of the desired measurement parameters may be completed in the field
(e.g., ph, temperature, fl ow measurement, etc.). All field measurements will
be recorded (in the field at the time of measurement) directly in serialized
Field Logbooks or on field data record forms. (Field Data Record Sheet and
logbook format are shown in Figures 2 & 4.)
Samples other than the in-situ and in-field measurements will be identi-
fied by the National Standard format tags (see Figure 6) with all infor-
mation filled out as appropriate and indicated.
These samples are removed from the sample location and transported to
a laboratory or other location for analysis under proper preservation and ship-
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ping procedures. Sample tags shall be completed for each sample, using waterproof
ink unless prohibited by weather conditions. For example, a logbook notation
would explain that a pencil was used to fill out the sample tag because a ball-
point pen would not function in freezing weather. The information recorded on
the sample tag would include:
Project Code - A number assigned by Environmental Services Division (ESD)
and also serves as the Document Control number for the
survey.
Station Number - A number assigned by the Project Leader
using the CRL Log Number system.
Date - A number indicating the year,mo nth, and day of collection.
Time A four digit nurnner (XXXX) indicating the military time
of collection-for example: 0954
Station Location- The sampling station description, as specified in the
project plan.
Samplers - Each sampler signs.
Tag Number - A unique serial number is stamped on each tag.
Remarks - The samplers record, pertinent observations and sample
type; i.e., water, sediment, fish, etc.
Referencing the example'sheet of the Field Logbook, (see Figure 4) the
responsible field staff will enter both formated information (required entries)
and observational information (judgemental data). The Field Logbook will be seri-
ally numbered and unique to each survey/project.
During collection, separation, identification, and preservation, all
samples will be maintained under Chain-of Custody procedures discussed later. If
the composite or grab sample is to be split, it is aliquoted into similar sample
containers. Identical sample tags are completed and attached to each replicate
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and marked with a "A" in the sample number. The tag identifies the replicate
sample for the appropriate government agency, facility, laboratory, or company.
In a similar fashion, all tags on blank or duplicate samples will be marked with
an "R" or a "D", respectively. An explanation of the numbering system follows.
The sample type letter is used to identify quality assurance and other
sample types. The following letters are fixed and are to be used only as
specified:
S = Sample
D = Duplicate Sample (two samples collected)
A = Duplicate Analysis (one sample split)
L = Laboratory Control Standard
R = Reagent Blank (Field)
B = Reagent Blank (Laboratory)
All other letters may be used as the Project Officer wishes, after
clearing with the CRL Sample Custodian.
The sample numbers should be assigned in numerical order to all samples
collected during the specified survey. If more than 99 samples are collected dur-
ing a given survey, a new survey number should be used as required to uniquely
identify all samples. Quality Assurance samples should receive unique numbers with
duplicates being always for the preceeding sample.
Additional examples are given below to further explain the system.
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Sample Number "GP01S01"
WHERE: G = Great Lakes National Program Office
P = Marvin Palmer
01 = Palmer's first survey in FY 82
S = Sample
01 = First sample collected for project 01
Sample Number "GP01D06
WHERE: 0 = Great Lakes National Program Office
P = Marvin Palmer
01 = Palmer's First Survey in FY-82
D = A Duplicate Sample of Sample Number GP 01S05
06 = The Sixth Sample in Project 01
During the time that the environmental samples are collected, the
proper aliquots are prepared and properly preserved, an analysis request sheet
is completed, commensurate with the desired parameters for each discrete ali-
quot. The analysis request forms should have parameters listed that match with
the parameters checked off on each sample tag, on each sample aliquot. (In the
future, the CRL will generate the analysis request sheet by computer.) Most
sample data will be entered onto these analysis request sheets by the CRL and
returned to the data user.
All field collected samples requiring shipment from the field to an
USEPA laboratory or to a centralized location, and/or shipment to a contractor's
laboratory will be shipped in compliance with all applicable D.O.T. regulations,
preservation requirements, and USEPA safety requirements. An overview of these
procedures are listed below.
9.2.1 PROCEDURE FOR HAZARDOUS AND NON-HAZARDOUS WATER AND SEDIMENT SAMPLES
These samples generally are collected in one (1) pint, one (1) quart, one
(1) gallon, or two and one-half (2 1/2) gallon glass containers.
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Fourty-eight (48) or seventy-six (76) quart capacity plastic picnic coolers
should be used to ship the samples.
Samples are placed in the picnic cooler in an upright position and
separated by styrofoam sheets of 1" to 3" thickness. Alternately, cardboard sec-
tions are placed in a manner so as to keep the glass sample bottles from "bang-
ing up" against each other, both sideways and from the top and bottom.
After the styrofoam or cardboard is placed in the picnic cooler, addi-
tional packaging material consisting of "peanut", "popcorn" absorbents or
"bubble" plastic sheets are used to further cushion and compact the cooler so
that movement is minimized.
Volatile organic samples (40 ml VGA vials) are wrapped in the "bubble"
plastic sheets and placed in one corner of the picnic cooler to prevent breakage
and leakage. Paperwork to be shipped with the samples is placed in a plastic
ziplock bag and sealed with tape. Liberal portions of ice, crushed or cubed, are
added to fill the cooler and a cardboard sheet placed over the ice and the
picnic cooler is sealed. The cardboard serves to prevent breakage if the cooler
is dropped, either in an upright or upside down position. U.O.T. regulations
require packaging to withstand a four foot (41) fall. The above packaging methods
achieve this requirement. The picnic cooler is sealed with filament tape complete-
ly around all edges and the custody seal is placed on both sides of the cooler
and taped once so that when the picnic cooler is received, the receiver can
readily check to see if the seal has been tampered with.
On the outside of the chest, a sticker indicating "THIS SIDE UP", "WATER
SAMPLES", "FLAMMABLE" or "HAZARDOUS MATERIALS", "GLASS", or "FRAGILE" will be
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attached to the sides and top of the cooler (to assure that any warning notice
can be clearly recognized by the courier).
The custody seals should be covered with clear plastic and tape to decrease
the chance of accidental breakage during transfer.
When shipping hazardous samples, a "HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SHIPPERS CERTIFICATE"
and an address label must be attached to the top of the picnic cooler (these
latter procedures apply to Federal Express shipments only). All of the former
procedures mentioned above apply to Purolator Courier and Federal Express
Courier. (The CRL presently does not use United Parcel Service.)
9.2.2 SAMPLE HANDLING - CONTRACT LABORATORIES AND CONTRACT FIELD STAFF
When practicable, all Regional laboratory and field contracts managed by
the GLNPO will require the Contractor(s) to follow identical sample handling
procedures as described above - any justifiable exception to the above shall re-
quire the approval of the GLNPO Director. However, it should be noted - with
particularity - that the Agency has several national contracts for field investi-
gation/sample collection and laboratory analysis and each of these contracts has
it's own specific handling protocol; accordingly, these specific protocols must
be followed attendant to the contractual agreement. In addition, all of Region
V's handling requirements must also be met. Prior to establishing analytical or
field investigation/sampling contracts, CRL staff person(s) responsible for
coordinating contract analytical work should be contracted for specifics.
General guidelines follow:
Both USEPA and Contractors will use the National Standard Sample Tag and
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the National Standard Custody form - other specific field and tracking forms
and as required by the contract.
All samples to be shipped will follow the Standard Regional/ D.O.T. re-
quirements as defined under Shipping Procedures.
All samples shipped to Region V contracted laboratories for analyses will
be accompanied by the tracking form, with distribution made as shown on the
form.
Samples to be collected by the FIT's Contractor or USEPA Region V staff
for analysis by the VIAR Contractor will follow specific protocol. All forms
and procedures must follow the required order and sequences or the associated
samples will be discarded.
9.3 CHAIN OF CUSTODY PROCEDURES
Due to the known or potential evidential nature of samples collected during
environmental investigations, possession must be traceable from the time the
samples are collected until they are introduced as evidence in legal proceedings-
it shall be the policy in USEPA's Region V GLNPO to collect all sediment samples
under the standard custody procedures.
Sample custody is initiated at the time of sample collection by fixing a
numbered custody seal to each sample taken or by placing the sample in a locked
container or into a container which is sealed with a custody seal. The custody
form is also, immediately filled out and signed by the person collecting the
sample. It is the responsibility of the sampler to ensure that the sample and
sample descriptive forms are in custody (locked or properly sealed to prevent
20
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tampering) and that all descriptive information is accurate and complete. Each
individual who subsequently signs the custody form has a similar responsibility
and, in addition, must ensure that all information added to the sample descrip-
tive forms is also complete and accurate. This process is documented by the
use of the Standard National Chain of Custody Record form (see Figure 7). The
Chain of Custody Record forms are serially numbered (forms are accountable) and
provides an original for accompanying the associated samples and a copy for the
field records.
9.3.1 SAMPLE CUSTODY
By definition, a sample is under custody if:
A. It is in your possession or
B. It is in your view, after being in your possession or
C. It was in your possession and then you locked it up to prevent
tampering or
D. It is in a designated secure area.
9.3.2 FIELD CUSTODY PROCEDURES
9.3.2.1 In collecting samples for evidence, collect only that number
which provides a good representation of the media being sampled. To the extent
possible, the quality and types of samples and sample locations are determined
prior to the actual field work. As few people as possible should handle the samples,
9.3.2.2 The field sampler is personally responsible for the care and
custody of the samples collected until they are transferred or dispatched properly.
9.3.2.3 Sample tags shall be completed for each sample using water
proof ink, unless prohibited by weather conditions. For example, a logbook
notation would explain that a pencil was used since a pen
would not function in freezing weather.
21
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9.3.2.4 The Project Leader determines whether proper custody procedures
were followed during the field work and decides if additional samples are required.
9.3.3 TRANSFER OF CUSTODY AND SHIPMENT
9.3.3.1 Samples are accompanied by a Chain-of Custody Record. When
transferring the possession of samples, the individuals relinquishing and receiving
will sign, date, and note the time on the record. This record documents samples
custody transfer from the sampler, often through other persons, to the analyst
and subsequently,sample storage in a custody room ( If appropriate).
9.3.3.2 Samples will be packaged properly for shipment and dispatched
to the appropriate laboratory for analysis with a separate custody record
accompanying each shipment (each ice chest). Shipping containers will be pad-
locked or sealed for shipment to the laboratory. The method of shipment,
courier name(s), and other pertinent information, is entered in the "Remarks" sec-
tion. (The general and specific procedures for shipping are described under
"Shipping Procedures" of the document.)
9.3.3.3 Whenever samples are split (replicated) with a source or
government agency, it is noted in the "Remarks" section of the Custody form
and in the Field Logbook. The note indicates with whom the samples are being
split and signed by both the sampler and the recipient. The person relinquishing
the samples to the facility or agency should request the signature of a
representative of the appropriate party, acknowledging receipt of the samples.
If a representative is unavailable or refuses to sign, this is noted in the
"Remarks" section.
9.3.3.4 All shipments will be accompanied by the Chain-of-Custody
22
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Record identifying its contents. The original record will accompany the ship-
ment, and a copy will be retained by the Project Coordinator.
9.3.3.5 If sent by mail, the package will be registered with return
receipt requested. If sent by common carrier, a Government Bill of Lading will
be used. Air Freight shipments are sent collect. Freight bills, post office
receipts and Bills of Lading will be retained as part of the permanent documen-
tation (see Shipping Procedures Section).
9.3.4 FIELD CUSTODY - CONTRACTORS
All Regional field contractors managed by the GLNPO will follow the above
custody procedure when practical and appropriate.
All justifiable cases requiring a variance from the above shall be reviewed
by GLNPO for approval. This review shall occur before the fact in normal opera-
tional procedures or as soon as possible after the fact for emergencies or other
controlled situations. NOTE: The National Standard Tag and Custody Sheets are
always used for all sampling protocols.
Chain of Custody Record
Project Number (data set number)
YYAANN
YY - last two digits of calendar year in which samples are
collected
A - first alphanumeric code for sampling office - N for GLNPO
A - second alphanumeric - code for survey leader
NN - survey number for survey leader
Project Name - Rivermouth, harbor, industry, etc.
Samplers (signature) - signatures of all survey members.
23
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Station numbers: SOI, S02, DOS, 804, S05 etc.
9.4 FIELD LOGBOOK
In addition to the sample tags, field sheets, analysis request sheets, custody
sheets, and/or other contractor required forms, a serially numbered bound field
logbook must be maintained by the Survey Leader and/or other Field Team members
(as needed) to provide a daily record of significant events. In order to accom-
modate surveys of different magnitudes filed logbooks will be ordered in differ-
ent sizes.
9.5 LABORATORY CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY PROCEDURE
Due to the evidentiary nature of enforcement type samples collected and ana-
lyzed in the laboratory during enforcement investigations (active and potential),
possession must be traceable from the time received by the laboratory until they
are introduced as evidence in legal proceedings or ultimately disposed. These
samples include all samples collected by GLNPO staff and all samples received and/
or analyzed by the CRL. To maintain and document sample possession in the labor-
atory, the following Chain-of-Custody Procedure shall be followed:
A sample is under custody if:
1. It is in your possession; or
2. It is in your view, after being in your possession; or
3. It is in a secure area.
The actual procedure shall be as follows:
There shall be designated, a Sample Custodian and Alternate Sample
Custodian(s). The Custodian accepts custody of the shipped or brought-in samples
and verifies that the seal is intact and has not been tampered with, opens the
case, reviews and verifies that the information on the tags are appropriate and
that they match the information on the Field Chain-of-Custody Record. Other
24
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pertinent information, as to shipment pickup, courier, etc., is entered in the
"Remarks" section of the Chain-of-Custody Record. The Chain-of-Custody Record
form will remain in the official transfer registry within the laboratory. All
appropriate transfers will be entered on that form. The samples will then be
placed in a secured area, preferably, a dedicated area whose only access is to
the Custodian or Alternate Custodian (Custody Sample Storage Room).
The Custodian will assign samples from and to his/her custody to the appro-
priate analysts. The names and signature of individuals who receive samples are
recorded on the Chain-of-Custody Record. Laboratory personnel are responsible
for the care and custody of samples from the time they are received until they
are returned to the Custodian. The sample is considered in the Custody of the
Analyst when it is in their possession, site, or in a secure area. The sample
will be returned to the Sample Custodian when the Analyst completes the
procedure.
When sample analyses and necessary quality assurance checks have been com-
pleted for identified enforcement cases, all identifying tags, data sheets, and
laboratory records shall be retained as part of the permanent documentation file.
Residual (unused) sample quantities will be retained in secure storage after the
completion of analytical determinations until formal notice is given from GLNPO
that the samples can be disposed of.
The final date(s) of disposal will be recorded on the Chain-of-Custody
Record by memorandum. For all samples not identified as enforcement cases, the
file management will be the same as above except that all attendant samples shall
be disposed of after three (3) months of storage. Disposal date(s) shall be docu-
mented to the documentation file by memorandum from the Sample Custodian.
25
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It should be noted - with particularity - that all of the National
Standard Tags associated with samples must be filed respectively in the appropri-
ate survey documentation files, at the time the sample is disposed of or at the
time of laboratory analysis, if all the sample volume is used during the ana-
lytical phases. This requirement means that tags associated with active samples
are never discarded by the bench analysts or field staff -- tags can only be
discarded by procedures governing the documentation Control File.
10.0 DOCUMENTATION CONTROL PROGRAM
10.1 INTRODUCTION
The goal of the Region V Document Control Program is to assure that
all project documents issued to and/or generated by Region V staff will be
accountable (in legal connotation) when the project is completed. The system
involves locating all cases affecting information in officially located doc-
umented files. These files shall be capable of consolidation into one central
file or to stand alone containing a unique single document control number system,
per case/survey, a document inventory procedure, and an evidentiary filing system
all operated and managed by respective document control managers.
10.2 REGION V DOCUMENTATION CONTROL PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
Region V shall operate it's Documentation Control Program at two levels,
as described below.
The District Offices will maintain a Document Control Program file with
an appointed document control file manager—will receive all required field
office investigation and laboratory data. Active enforcement Document Control
files will be forwarded to the appropriate enforcement office for maintaining
Tracking of this numbering system will be done by use of a computer program.
26
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Program files for a period of at least five years...this file will be designated
as the D.O. Branch Documentation Control File.
The Central Regional Laboratory (CRL) will maintain a Document Control
Program file with an appointed document control file manager—will receive all
required laboratory records and analytical data records. Active enforcement
Document Control files will be forwarded directly to the District Office(s)...
this file will be designated as the CRL Branch Documentation Control File.
The above two level systems will allow the Region V to handle all surveys
and analytical analyses in the custody mode with little additional resources
usage. This procedure will allow survey data to be used in Court, if needed,
without resampling.
10.3 DOCUMENT CONTROL NUMBER
The CRL has been assigned a sequential data set number to each survey of
samples received at the laboratory—this number is preceeded by an identification
code which identifies the office collecting the sample. As an example, EDO for
Eastern District Office, CDO for Central District Office, GLNPO for Great
Lakes National Program Office etc. This data set numbering system will be used
to generate the Document Control Program numbers for each field investigation
study. This system of assigning Document Control numbers will apply to both
sampling and non-sampling surveys alike- in essence, every field investigation
situation and/or any CRL reception of samples from other Divisions or other
sources must result in the assignment of a document control number. The CRL
Document Control Program manager will assign the document numbers to the data
users' Document Control Program managers in blocks of series. Tracking of this
numbering system will be done by use of a computer program.
27
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10.4 SERIALIZED DOCUMENTS
The CRL has responsibility for the procurement of all forms and logbooks.
Typically, several months supply of these numerically serialized materials will be
assigned to each office conducting field surveys or collecting samples. The
series of numbers on the documentation materials will be recorded by the
CRL Documentation Control Program manager. The field investigation offices' Doc-
ument Control Program managers will assign the subject serialized materials to
each project coordinator, who will in turn assign the subject serialized mater-
ial to the appropriate field investigation team or to the participating samplers —
the project coordinator has complete responsibility for insuring and documenting
documenting in his or her logbook, the sufficient and proper distribution of
of documentation control documents. Policy Note: All serialized documentation
control documents will have a document control number affixed to it, prior to
use on any survey.
10.5 PROJECT LOGBOOKS
Generally, logbook entries should be dated, legible and contain accur-
ate and inclusive documentation of an individuals's project activities. Because
the logbook forms the basis for the subsequent written reports, it must contain
only facts and observations. Language should be objective, factual and free of
personal feelings or other terminology which might prove inappropriate. Entries
made by individuals other than the person to whom the logbook was assigned are
dated and signed by the individual making the entry.
All project logbooks are the property of Region V and are to be re-
turned to the Project Leader when a survey assignment has been concluded.
logbook.
28
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The organization of the logbook would be such that a format is
available to prevent overlooking required entries while at the same time it
should allow entry of unusual events. This can be accomplished either by using
the first two or three pages,of the field logbook to describe the required en-
tries or each page can be formated or a combination of the two.
10.6 FIELD DATA RECORDS - REGION V FIELD RECORD FORMS
Where appropriate, serialized Field Data Records (FDR) (in the form of Region
V Field Record Forms or bound logbooks with affixed document control numbers) are
maintained for each survey sampling station or location and the project code
and station number are usually recorded on each page. The project leader also
numbers the FDR covers with the appropriate project code and station number.
\
All in-situ measurements and field observations are recorded in the FDR's with
all pertinent information necessary to explain and reconstruct sampling opera-
tions. Each page of a Field Data Record is dated and signed by all individuals
making entries on that page. The Project Leader and the field team on duty are
responsible for ensuring that FDRs are present during all monitoring activities
and are stored safely to avoid possible tampering. Any lost, damaged or voided
FDRs are reported to the Project Leader.
10.7 SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION DOCUMENTS
All necessary serialized sample tags (with affixed document control numbers)
are distributed to field personnel by the Project Leader (or designated project
participant) and the serial numbers are recorded in the Project Leader's logbook
and each involved inspector's logbook. Individuals are accountable for each tag
assigned to them. A tag is considered in their possession until it has been
29
-------
filled out, attached to a sample, and transferred to another individual with the
corresponding Chain-of-Custody Record. At no time are any sample tags to be dis-
carded and if any tags are lost, voided, or damaged, this is noted in the appro-
priate or logbook immediately upon discovery and the Project Leader is notified
At the completion of the field investigation activities, all unused sample tags
are returned to the designated individual who checks them against the list of
assigned tag serial numbers. Tags attached to those samples split with the
source or another government agency are accounted for.
10.8 CHAIN-OF-CUSTUDY RECORDS
Serialized Chain-of-Custody Records (with affixed document control numbers)
are assigned and accounted for in a manner similar to that used for sample tags.
Double copy forms of the Custody Sheets are filled out in the field, according
to the Region V Custody Procedures Manual. All field staff having charge (legal
custody) of a sample(s) must sign the respective Custody Sheet(s). The Project
Leader or a designated field custodian transmits the samples and properly signed
Custody Sheets to the respective office custodian locally or may mail samples
from the field directly to another U.S. EPA or contractor laboratory(s) -- the
various options involving samples exchanges and Custody Sheet management are
listed below:
1. Samples transported from the field by field staff and turned
in to the laboratory or office custodian -- Double copied Custody Sheets are
signed by all field staff legally responsible for custody and turned over to the
laboratory or office custodian.
2. Samples mailed from the field directly to the CRL -- Samplers
and/or inspectors sign the double copied Custody Sheet(s) and forward original
30
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(top sheet) with the samples (Note: A copy of the Custody Sheet must be packaged
with each package of samples shipped. The second Custody Sheet copy is turned
over to the shipping office's sample custodian, either by the Project
Leader or designated staff-- a record of this transaction is entered into the
Project Leader's field logbook.
3. Samples mailed from the field directly to a contractor's labora-
tory—Follow the protocol prescribed for the specific contract, such as VIAR
and the additional Regional protocol(s) as specified by the Project Officer.
4. For all samples to be tracked by the local field laboratory(s)
-- No CRL responsibility — the orginal of the Custody Sheet will be mailed to
the contract laboratory stamped, "Sign and return to Sample Custodian". Generally,
the contract will state that contract laboratory shall make and retain a copy of
the subject Custody Sheet, prior to returning it. (Note: It is expected to be
rare cases where samples will be sent to contract by S&AD Offices and the CRL
will not track the analyses.)
10.9 PHOTOGRAPHS
When movies, slides or photographs are taken which visually show the
/
effluent or emission source and/or any monitoring locations, they are numbered
to correspond to logbook entries. The name of the photographer, date, time,
site location, and site description are enterd sequentially in the logbook as
photos are taken. Chain-of-Custody procedures depend upon the type of film
and the processing it requires. Once developed, the slides or photographic
prints shall be serially numbered corresponding to the logbook description,
labeled and forwarded with the logbook in the logbook photo page format.
31
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l°jJJI ':0.RRlPIIOJiS.TO _UOC^MENTATION _
*U previously noted, unless prohibited hy weather conditions, all original
tic.5.1 re-. orde«! =n logbooks, sample tags, and other data sheet entries are written
vi Hh waterproof if1^« None of the accountable serialized documents listed above
~ K tr* he destroyed or thrown away, even if they are illegible or contain inac-
•<•'; ^ ^quired a leplsrement document.
. • -•: •:.- mile -,'.i« an ,T<;< ountable document assigned to one individual,
•*' •••> •>i'^ !••"!(.ampin .^ruMnis correrUons simply by • rossing a line
- . • • ~^ •.-. '- ^'i r-itai i-Mj i hr • or r ?• t information. Any sub'^'iMpnt error
''• • •' "' -I'l an mintablo Horiiini.-nt sh!"j!(i he corrected by the person who made
the ei'ir.y. All subsequent < >" t ect ions ip'r>i. K-> initialed and dated.
It a sample tag is lost in shipment, or a fag was never prepared for a S3^~
^le(s), or a properly tagged sample was not transferred with a formal Chain-of-
'"ustody tag, the following procedure applies. A written statement is prepared
detailing how the sampIP was collected, air-dispatched or hand-transferred to the
f'eld or ERI laboratory. The statement should include all pertinent information,
men as entries in field logbooks regarding the sample, whether the sample was
in the sample collector's physical possession or in a locked compartment until
hand-transferrpd to the laboratory, etc. Copies of the statement are distributed
to the Project Leader and the appropriate office Custody Files.
\1. QUALITY ASSURANCE
Il±.' Introduction
L'.S. Environmental PraterMon Agency (USEPA) Policy, enunciated in memoranda
of May 30 and June 14, 1979, requires participation in a centrally managed Quality
Assurance (gA) program by all USEPA Regional Offices, Program Offices, USEPA Labor-
dl'r'-^-- and the .states.
32
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This Includes those monitoring and measurement efforts mandate.! m- Hu^-urt-
u!TPA through regulations,, grants, contracts, or other formalized o.jrr-L-niiMits.
!.•' 0/1 pi uoi ,.,,-; iu> the : KiU-i> in Region V v»il! If' < oopurji. ively dtnu-iupe'! wiin
hc,.. ./}!••: !<}!)) I cmt nied through i ho Re.jiui, ! DI'M;?-,
irte Of fit*-, of K^Learcl. ;M i.. ,. I«.U:IIIMI • :>!•.!•, K( •-, ;,t K ,. .[oriS'ib il i t y
f
o eve lop ing, com'Jinat ing, aiid nii^.J i, , i i -, .•.; !-.•,,>,,; .; i..i, .,-1 > i.. / •, ,,- . • •, •
gram. Irt ttddition, an Agency QA Ad'-.i^ury t, ^mn i..-» h,:n,,i , , -! -,r ; i>
sentatives from the Program Offices, Reyioiu;! Of rice;., M^M « , . ., ; , i
States, has been established to coord iiidtc this effort.
As an initial step, in implementing thU policy, OA n.in:, ^Pr-itji ,;-ir;, -i
prfejiared by all USEPA-supported or - required environmental monitor ing an-.; ..;,--•-,.
ment activities per the speriflcations or UEN'AS guidance Joawier.t QAMS \j'
-------
priority in the Region V QA program is to establish and implement a method to
define and quantitate the program product - data quality.
Other QA program objectives are listed in Section 3 of Report No. EPA -
905/4-80-001.
The Agency's QA policy statement specifies that the Regional Adminis-
trator is responsible for the implementation and coordination of the mandatory
QA activities within Region V.
Specific details of this responsibility are delineated in Section 4 of
the Report No. EPA - 905/4-80-001.
Elements to be addressed for the preparation of QA programs are con-
tained in Section 8 of Report No. EPA - 905/4-80-001.
11.3 Quality Assurance Procedure
Basically Quality Control consists of:
1. A mechanism for promoting consistent operation, and
2. Verification of adequacy of this operation.
In order to achieve consistent operation, methods and procedures must
be documented to an extent that no decisions are available or necessary The
purpose of this manual is to provide a mechanism for achieving consistent
operation.
Verification of the adequacy of this operation will be monitored by
the use of blanks and replicate samples. Since the utility of replicates with
respect to analyses for parameters that are normally present at undetectable
levels is questionable, duplicates should be selected from the areas that are
most likely to be polluted. Sediment blanks will be empty jars covered at the
34
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sampling site with lined caps and carried along with the other samples. Repli-
cate samples are, as described elsewhere, either a split of a collected sample
("A" designation), or a second collected sample at the same site at nearly the
same time ("D" designation). Since most of the information available from split
samples can be achieved by splitting the sample in the laboratory, standard
operating procedures is for all field duplicates to be duplicate samples ("D"
designation).
Approximately, for every fifteen analyses, one blank and one field
duplicate will be included. In view of the cost of duplicate sampling compared
to cost of analyses, it may be advisable to collect duplicates at every site so
that analysis of duplicate samples can be chosen on the basis of analytical
results.
At least one blank and one field duplicate will be collected for every
fifteen samples.
35
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BOAT
DINGHY
MOTOR
FUEL/OIL
BATTERIES
IGNITION KEYS
OAR
BOAT HOOK
ANCHOR/LINE
TOOLBOX
WORKVESTS
FOUL WEATHER GEAR
WADERS
SAFETY SHOES
GLOVES
TAPE/RULER
WATER PROOF TAPE
FLASHLIGHT
COMPASS
RANGEFINDER
LORAN C
RADIO/ANTERRA
BOTTOM SOUNDER
WINCH/DAVIT/CABLE
SAFETY LINE
CORER
LINERS
END CAPS
NOSE CONES
CORE CATCHER
COLLAR
HOLDER
SAW
PONAR
PAN
SPATULA
SCREEN
FOIL
SAMPLE JARS
S.J. LINERS
COOLERS
PAPER TOWELS
WATER SAMPLER/LINE
FIRST AID KIT
THERMOMETER
MACROINVERTEBRATE PRESERVATIVE
SECCHI DISK
BOAT BUMPERS
FLARE GUN & FLARES
Figure 1
Equipment and Supply Checklist
SEDIMENT MANUAL
SURVEY PLAN
LOGBOOK
CHARTS
LAKE SURVEY
STATION LOCATION
LORAN C
STATION LIST
FIELD SHEETS _____
ADHESIVE TAGS
CHAIN OF CUSTODY
RECORDS
TAGS
SEALS
WATER PROOF PENS
ANALYSIS REQUEST FORM
SPARE PROPELLER FOR
SPARE TIRE FOR BOAT FRAILER
FIRE EXTINGUISHER _ "
JUMPER CABLES _
BINOCULARS
36
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FIELD OBSERVATIONS
HARBOR:
SAMPLED:
STATION
NO.
CM
-------
Figure 3
Site Location Sheet
38
:>
Ft
12
m
r
C
o
fi
-------
Figure 4
Logbook Format
Page Heading (Harbor or periodic entries)
Harbor/River// Date // Survey members
Weather conditions ( fair, rain, drizzle, overcast)
Wind (0.5, 5/10, 10/20, >20-)
Water (calm, 0/6 in., 6 in to 1 ft., 1 ft to 2 ft, 2 ft. to 4 ft.,
4 ft. to 8 ft.)
Station entries
STATION NUMBER/time
Location description (landmarks, compass reading, Loran C reading, etc.)
Water appearance (very turbid, turbid, moderately turbid, clear)
Average stream depth, breadth and velocity if possible to estimate
Type of sampler used, number of tries
Number of containers & Chain of Custody tag numbers
Chain of Custody record number
Benthics (if screened so indicate)
39
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CORE SECTIONING LOG
Waterbody:
Date Sampled:
Date Sectioned:
Sectioned by:
LOCATION
m
-------
FIGURE 6 SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION TAGS
en
1C
?rej . Code
Station No.
Mo./Day/Yr.
Station Location
H*_
ȣ
itf»
^
r*
o>
er
«/»
ft-
-o
n
Remarks:
[Bacteriology
[hutagenlclty
Pesticides
«c
o
o>
p»
n
o
«0
o>
3
rT
V»
•T3
-1
O
n
5
13
0
c
r»
O»
3
rr
i/>
O
-i
VD
DJ
3
O
«A
0
o
R
Tlae
Designate:
Conp.
Crab
Samplers: (Signature)
0
tu
3
O.
n
-i
(t-
o>
l/<
n
r>
v;
o>
3
Q.
n>
fT
i-»
Or
W
Mercury
•o
n
0
r>
ut
0
•H
0
O
2
C
r>
n
re
3
l-r
4A
BOO Anions
Solids (TSS)(TDS)(SS]
Analyses
©
?roj. Code
Station No.
Mo./Day/TT.
Tiae
Sequence No
Station Location:
Samplers: (Signature)
93
3
(D
Remarks
Q.
E
Q Source Filter
Q Probe Wash
LJ Implnger Catch
Q Ambient Filter
Q Ambient Implnger
D Solid Adsorbant
D Liquid Adsorbant Q
•I
^
Vt
u
Ol
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT
NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS CENTER
BUILDING 53, BOX 25227, DEWE* fEDERAL CENTER
DENVER, COLORADO 80225
r™
41
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CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD
Chicago. Illinois iOoO
PROJ. NO.
PROJECT NAME_ ./ c-
Fulls- r i
11,
STA. NO.
sol
DATE
STATION LOCATION
NO.
OF
CON-
TAINERS
•a
M
o
o
01
CO
3
u
O
CN
Relinquished by: (Signature)
fMJ
Date /Time
Received by: (Signature)
DV—
Relinquished by: (Signature/
Data /Time
Received by:
Relinquished by: tbignaturel
.'./ ; Date /Time
Received by: (Signature)
Relinquished by: (Signature)
Relinquished by: (Signature)
Date /Time
Received for Laboratory by: ^
(Signature) . // //
" ' I
Date /Time
Distribution: White — Accompanies Shipment; Pink — Coordinator Field Files; Yellow — Laboratory File
Date /Time
by: (S,gn
-------
Figure 8
i
i
Extruding rod
Core Sampler
Core Sampler
43
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TABLE 1. CATEGORIES FOR FIELD EVALUATION OF SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTIC?*
SIZE OR CHARACTERISTIC
Inorganic 0opponents
Bed rock or ?oVH v
Boulders
Rubble
Gravel
Silt
Clay
Marl
Organic ' opponent'
Detritus
Fibrous Peat
Pulpy Peat
Muck
>256 mm (10 in.) in diameter
64 to 256 mm (2-1/2 to 10 in.) in diameter
2 to 64 mm (1/12 to 2-1/2 in.) in diameter
0.06 to 2.0 mm in diameter; gritty texture
when rubbed between fingers
0.004 to 0.06 mm in diameter
<0.004 mm in diameter; smooth, slick feeling
when rubbed between fingers
Calcium carbonate; usually gray; often
contains fragments of mollusc shells or
CHARA; effervesces freely with hydro-
chloric acid
Accumulated wood, sticks, and other
undecayed coarse plant materials
Partially decomposed plant remains; parts
of plants readily distinguishable
Very finely divided plant remains; parts
of plants not distinguishable; varies in
color from green to brown; varies greatly
in consistence-often being semi-fluid
Black, finely divided organic matter;
completely decomposed
*Biological Field and Laboratory Methods for Measuring the Quality of
Surface Waters and Effluents, EPA-670/4-73-001, July 1973, USEPA, NERC,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
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TABLE 2, QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIONS OF ORDORS*
CODE
Ac
Cc
Ch
Cm
Cs
)
Df
Dp
Ds
MATURE OF ODOR
Aromatic (spicy)
cucumber
Balsamic (flowery)
geranium
nasturtium
sweetish
violet
Chemical
chl on* nous
hydrocarbon
medicinal
sulfuretted
Disagreeable
+; shy
pigpen
septic
Earthy
peaty
Grassy
Musty
Moldy
Vegetable
DESCRIPTION (Such as Odors of:)
Camphor, cloves, lavender,, "lemon
SYNURA
Geranium, violet, vanilla
ASTERIONELLA
APHANIZOMENOM
COELOSPHAERIUM
MALLOMONAS
Industrial wastes or treatment
chenicals
free chlorine
oil refinery wastes
phenol and iodoform
hydrogen sulfide
{Pronounced, unpleasant)
UROGLENOPSIS, DINOBRYON
ANABAENA
stale sewage
Damp earth
peat
Crushed grass
Decomposing straw
damp cellar
Root vegetables
*Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 12th Edition,
1965, APHA, AWWA> WPCF* New York.
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Methods Manual For Bottom Sediment
Sample Collection
5. REPOR
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
5GL
7. AUTHO.RIS)
Marvin Palmer
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Great Lakes National Program Office
Chicago, Illinois 60605
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SP
SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Great Lakes National Program Office
536 South Clark Street, Room 958
Chicago, Illinois 60605
13.
OF. REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
Great Lakes National Program
Office-USEPA, Region V
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The Methods Manual is detailed procedures for survey planning, sample collection,
document preparation and quality assurance for sediment sampling surveys conducted
by the Great Lakes National Program Office. The data base will be utilized to
institute a remedial action program in accordance with USEPA policies and procedures
guidelines.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
Toxic substances
Sediment bioassay
Core samples
Volatile organic samples
Contamination
Harbor sediment
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Document is available
to the public through the National Techni-
cal Information Service, Springfield, VA
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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