&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Great Lakes
National Program Office
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, Illinois 60604
EPA-905/9-91/018
GLNPO Report No. 015-91
September 1991
C. I
Chemical Contamination
and Physical Characteristics
Of Sediments iri Upper Great
Lakes Connecting Channels
1985
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EPA-905/9-91/018
GLNPO No. GL-015-91
September 1991
Vfe
CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION
and
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
of
SEDIMENTS
in the
UPPER GREAT LAKES CONNECTING CHANNELS
1985
by
Paul E. Bertram
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Great Lakes National Program Office
230 S. Dearborn St.
Chicago, IL 60604
and
Thomas A. Edsall
Bruce A. Manny
Susan J. Nichols
Donald W. Schloesser
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
National Fisheries Center-Great Lakes
1451 Green Road
Ann Arbor, Ml 48105
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DISCLAIMER
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service reviewed and
approved this report for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of either agency unless so designated by other authorized documents. Conclusions
and suggested courses of study or action are exclusively those of the authors. Mention of trade names
or commercial products does not endorse or recommend their use.
This report may be cited as follows:
Bertram, P.E., T.A. Edsall, B.A. Manny, S.J. Nichols, and D.W. Schloesser. 1990. Chemical
Contamination and Physical Characteristics of Sediments in the Upper Great Lakes Connecting
Channels: 1985. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency No. EPA-905/9-91/018. Great Lakes National
Program Office, Chicago.
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ABSTRACT
Contamination of sediments by toxic organic substances and heavy metals was widespread throughout
the connecting channels of the upper Great Lakes in 1985. Sediments at 250 stations in the
connecting channels were analyzed for total PCBs, oil and grease, phenols, total cyanide, total volatile
solids, mercury, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, and the results were
evaluated according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines-, for polluted
sediments. Guidelines for Cd, Hg, and PCBs by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, which are
more restrictive than USEPA guidelines, are also referenced. The percentage of stations that were
contaminated according to USEPA guidelines by at least one of the studied substances was St. Marys
River - 92%, St. Clair River - 66%, Lake St. Clair - 65%, and the Detroit River - 81%. Sediments were
most heavily contaminated near industrialized areas, although some areas more than 40 km
downstream from known point sources of pollution were moderately contaminated by oil and metals.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Disclaimer ii
Abstract Hi
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vii
List of Figures ix
Acknowledgements xi
Introduction 1
Methods 1
Results 5
Discussion 11
Literature Cited 14
Tables 17
Figures 22
Appendix 1 Station Location 37
Appendix 2 Methodology and Quality Control Used in Chemical
Analyses of Sediment Samples 62
Appendix 3 Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Sediments 63
Appendix 4 Concentrations of Organic Contaminants in Sediments 69
Appendix 5 Sediment Grain Size, Percent Total Solids, and Volatile
Solids in Sediments 75
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VII
Table 1
Table 2
Tables
TABLE LEGENDS
Ontario Ministry of the Environment (OMOE) and U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) pollution classification guidelines for
sediments (IJC 1982)
Duplicate sample analyses performed on 25 sample pairs for
contaminants in the upper Great Lakes connecting channels in 1985
13
17
18
Table 4
Stations with sediment concentrations of 1-11 contaminants exceeding
pollution classification guidelines of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) or of the USEPA and the Ontario Ministry of Environment
(OMOE)
Stations in the upper Great Lakes connecting channels where sediment
concentrations of contaminants exceeded the pollution classification
guidelines of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or the Ontario
Ministry of Environment, for cadmium, mercury, and PCBs
19
Tables
Mean (mg/kg), standard error (SE), and range of 14 contaminants tested
in the sediments of the upper Great Lakes connecting channels in 1985
20
21
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IX
FIGURE LEGENDS
Page
Figure 1 Location of 250 stations in the Great Lakes upper connecting channels
where sediment samples were collected in 1985 22
Figure 2 Percentage of stations exceeding USEPA or OMOE guidelines for one or
more heavy metals, oil and grease, PCBs, or cyanide. Stations
contaminated only by the indicated contaminant group are represented by
the portion of the bar above the horizontal line. Stations also contaminated
with substances from one or more of the other contaminant groups are
represented by the portion of the bar below the horizontal line 23
Figure 3 Percentage of stations with clean or with moderately or heavily
contaminated sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting channels in
1985. Stations classified as clean had no exceedances of USEPA or
OMOE sediment guidelines. Stations classified as moderately or heavily
polluted exceeded USEPA or OMOE guidelines at that level for at least
one contaminant. Forward bar represents sediment classification based on
all 11 contaminants; hind bar excludes cyanide 23
Figure 4 Copper contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982) 24
Figure 5 Lead contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982) 25
Figure 6 Nickel contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982) 26
Figure 7 Zinc contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982) 27
Figure 8 Chromium contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes
connecting channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC
1982) 28
Figure 9 Cadmium contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982) 29
Figure 10 Mercury contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982) 30
Figure 11 Cobalt contamination in the sediments of the upper Great Lakes
connecting channels in 1985 31
Figure 12 Oil and grease contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes
connecting channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines 32
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FIGURE LEGENDS (continued)
Figure 13 PCB contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982) 33
Figure 14 Volatile solids contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes
connecting channels in 1985, according to USEPA criteria (IJC 1982) 34
Figure 15 Phenol contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985 35
Figure 16 Cyanide contaminaiton of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982) 36
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XI
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was a cooperative project by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Research
Center-Great Lakes, and the Great Lakes National Program Office (USEPA-GLNPO) of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, under the terms of I nteragency Agreement No. DW 14931214-01-0.
Sediment chemistry services were provided by the Bionetics Corporation under contract to USEPA-
GLNPO. Contribution 785 of the National Fisheries Research Center-Great Lakes, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105.
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INTRODUCTION
The connecting channels of the upper Great Lakes are the St. Marys River, St. Clair River, Lake St.
Clair, and the Detroit River. Because of elevated sediment concentrations of iron and zinc in the St.
Marys River and mercury in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers (IJC 1983), the International Joint
Commission designated each channel an Area of Concern (Hartig and Thomas 1988). The original
designations were based on studies of areas near suspected point sources of pollution. More recent
studies describe pollution throughout the Detroit River (Mudroch 1985; Namely and Post 1985; Fallen
and Horvath 1985) and Lake St. Clair (Thomas et al. 1977). A literature review by Limno-Tech (1985)
summarized information on polluted sediments in the upper connecting channels and discussed the
problems of integrating results of pollution studies by various methodologies from different years for
a variety of contaminants.
In 1985, Canada and the United States initiated an Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channels Study
(EC and USEPA 1988) that included several studies of pollution in the connecting channels. As part
of this program, we surveyed surficial sediments of the connecting channels from the head of the St.
Marys River to the mouth of the Detroit River to determine the extent of sediment contamination.
METHODS
Sediments were collected in May and June 1985 from 250 stations in a 250 cell grid over the upper
Great Lakes connecting channels; the number of stations (and cells) was 125 in the St. Marys River,
35 in the St. Clair River, 43 in Lake St. Clair, and 47 in the Detroit River (Fig. 1 and Appendix 1). Each
grid cell was 2.2 x 2.2 km in the St. Marys and St. Clair rivers, 4.8 x 6.9 km in Lake St. Clair, and 2.8
x 1.8 km in the Detroit River. In each grid cell, we established one station at the first location where
we found fine-grained, silty sediments, suitable for habitation by nymphs of the burrowing mayfly
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2
(Hexagenia). All stations were referenced to readily distinguishable landmarks, including navigation
buoys, on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration navigation charts (Appendix 1). Of the
250 stations, 97 were in Canadian waters and 153 in U.S. waters.
In each grid cell, 1000-2000 g of wet sediment were collected with a standard Ponar grab that sampled
0.05 m2 of the bottom. Upon retrieval from the water, the Ponar grab was placed in a clean,
galvanized-metal tub and carefully opened so that the jn situ profile of the sediment was preserved and
the surficial sediments nearest the sediment-water interface did not come into contact with the tub.
About 500 g of these surficial sediments were removed from the top 3-cm layer of each sample with
a stainless steel spoon, placed in an acetone-washed bottle, stirred, and refrigerated in darkness at
4°C. In a few instances, more than one grab sample was collected to provide the volume of sediment
needed for analysis. The tub and spoon were rinsed several times with river water between each use.
Each sample was analyzed for cyanide, oil, PCBs (as Aroclors), phenol, volatile solids, mercury,
cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc. Heavy metals, with the exception of
mercury, were analyzed by standard methodology (Inductively Coupled Adsorption Plasma [ICAP]
analysis; Federal Register 1979; Appendix 2). Mercury was analyzed by a tin chloride reduction and
cold vapor trapping technique (Plumb 1981). All other contaminants were analyzed on a dry weight
basis by standard methodology (USEPA 1979a, 1979b; Appendix 2).
According to established procedures for reporting low-level data (ASTM1983), analytical results below
the limit of detection for a particular method are designated in the appendices by the code T. This
code indicates that the individual datum with which it is associated does not differ significantly from
zero in the judgement of the laboratory that did the analysis. Such values occurred for certain
estimates of mercury, oil and grease, phenol, and most of the estimates for total cyanide (Appendices
3 and 4). However, because the procedures recommend that actual measured values be reported,
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3
even if they fall below the criterion of detection (IJC 1980), we used the actual reported values in all
tables and in the maps of contamination distribution. Approximate limits of detection for each
parameter are presented in Appendix 2.
The particle-size composition of each surficia! sediment sample (Appendix 5) was also measured and
interpreted by standard classification criteria (ASTM 1969,1971). These criteria define silt and clay
as material 0.06 mm or less in diameter that passes through a #200 U.S. Standard Sieve. We define
very fine sand as sediment that passes a #100 U.S. Standard Sieve but is retained on a #200 U.S.
Standard Sieve.
The extent of sediment contamination was judged by guidelines of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) for polluted sediments (IJC 1982). Guidelines of the Ontario Ministry of the
Environment (OMOE) for polluted sediments (IJC 1982) were also used for comparative purposes
(Table 1). Except for Cd, Hg, and PCBs, OMOE guidelines fall within the range defined by USEPA
guidelines for moderately polluted sediments. No guidelines were listed by either USEPA or OMOE
for cobalt or phenols. However, to provide a basis in this report for assessing relative contamination
by these materials, sediments containing cobalt were grouped as < 6 mg/kg, 6-10 mg/kg, and > 10
mg/kg, and sediments containing phenols were grouped as < 1 mg/kg, 1-4 mg/kg, and > 4 mg/kg.
Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures
To ensure cleanliness, glass sediment collection jars were checked for organic (chlorinated
hydrocarbons and phthalate esters) and metal contamination before they were used in the field. Jars,
lids and aluminum-foil lid-liners were washed with detergent (Alconox 1), rinsed once with tap water,
rinsed three times with distilled water and spectrograde acetone, and heated to 135°C for five days.
Organic contamination was determined for three sets of jars, lids, and liners selected randomly from
the 300 that were heat-treated. The three sets were each rinsed with about 10 ml of petroleum ether
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4
and the three rinses were combined and analyzed with a petroleum ether system blank on a gas
chromatograph. For determination of metal contamination, 10 other sets of jars, lids, and liners were
selected at random from the heat-treated 300, and each was rinsed with about 20 ml of 10% nitric acid
(Ultrex). The rinses were combined, analyzed by plasma emission spectrophotometry, and compared
to a 10% nitric acid blank. Bottle blanks, consisting of heat-treated jars sealed with solvent-rinsed, foil-
lined lids, were taken into the field where they were briefly opened in air, reseated, handled like the
sediment samples, and analyzed for organic contamination. No contamination was reported for any
of the sample containers flars, liners, and caps) or the bottle blanks.
To provide estimates of sampling and analytical variance, duplicate sediment samples were collected
at 25 stations selected randomly from among the 250 sample stations. These 25 duplicate samples
were given coded labels (to conceal the station number) and then submitted with the other 250
samples for analysis of organic and metal contamination. The results of the duplicate analyses are
summarized in Table 2.
Laboratory procedures for PCBs, metals, and cyanide included analysis of sample container blanks (to
detect contamination or interfering peaks), spikes (to identify % recovery), and duplicates (to determine
repeatability) with each set of samples. For ICAP metals, mercury, and cyanide, the analyses also
included check standards (for instrument accuracy). For each group of samples, all EPA-approved
limits for the Quality Control analyses (Appendix 2) were met or the samples were re-analyzed.
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RESULTS
General Patterns of Contamination
At 204 (82%) of the 250 sample stations, sediment concentrations of at least one pollutant exceeded
USEPA guidelines for moderate or heavy pollution (Table 3; Appendices 3-5). Contamination was most
widespread in the St. Marys River (92% of stations) followed by the Detroit River (81%), Lake St. Clair
(65%), and the St. Clair River (66%). When OMOE guidelines were substituted for USEPA guidelines
for cadmium, mercury, and PCBs, the total number of contaminated stations in ail four channels
combined increased to 222 (89%), with the percentage of contaminated stations increasing to 94% in
the St. Marys River, 91% in the Detroit River, 70% in Lake St. Clair, and 89% in the St. Clair River.
All of the 11 pollutants of Table 1 were found at concentrations exceeding either USEPA or OMOE
guidelines at one or more stations in each of the connecting channels; the exceptions were chromium
in the St. Clair River and oil and grease in Lake St. Clair (Table 4). Concentrations of cadmium in the
St. Marys River, St. Clair River, and Lake St. Clair; mercury in the St. Marys River and St. Clair River;
and PCBs in the St. Clair River and Lake St. Clair exceeded OMOE guidelines but not those of
USEPA. In the Detroit River, all pollutants exceeded USEPA guidelines at one or more stations.
Contamination of a station by more than one substance was common (Table 3). According to USEPA
and OMOE guidelines, samples from 64 (32%) of the 203 stations in the upper three channels were
contaminated by a single substance, but 97 stations (48%) were contaminated by 2-6 substances, and
18 stations (9%) by 7-11 substances. In the Detroit River, a much smaller percentage of stations was
contaminated by a single substance (6 stations, 13%) and 2-6 substances (14 stations, 30%), and a
greater percentage was contaminated by 7-11 substances (23 stations, 49%).
In the three upper channels, 78% of the stations that were contaminated by metals, 95% of those
contaminated by PCBs, and 64% of those contaminated by cyanide were also contaminated by
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6
substances from one or more other major contaminant groups (Appendices 3 and 4; Fig. 2). In the
Detroit River, 94-95% of the stations that were contaminated by metals, PCBs, or cyanide were also
contaminated by substances from one or more of the major contaminant groups. All of the stations in
all four channels that were contaminated by oil and grease were also contaminated with one or more
other substances.
Some groups of contaminants tended to occur together. According to USEPA or OMOE guidelines,
88% of all stations contaminated by oil and grease and 74% of the stations contaminated by PCBs
were also contaminated by at least one heavy metal (Appendices 3 and 4), although no one metal
dominated the association. In the Detroit River, all stations contaminated by oil and grease were also
contaminated by metals, PCBs, and cyanide.
The percentage of stations with clean sediments (i.e. no contaminants exceeded the guidelines of
Table 1), or sediments that were moderately or heavily contaminated, varied considerably among the
four channels (Fig. 3). The percentage of stations with clean sediments was highest in Lake St. Clair
(30%) and lowest in the St. Marys River (6%). Moderately contaminated sediments occurred most
frequently in the St. Clair River (71 % of the stations) and least frequently in the Lake St. Clair (56%
of the stations). Heavily polluted sediments occurred most frequently in the Detroit River (34% of the
stations) and least frequently in Lake St. Clair (14% of the stations).
Many of the values in Appendix 4 for cyanide exceeded USEPA guidelines for moderately
contaminated sediments and, therefore, are reflected in Tables 3 and 4 and in Fig. 3 (forward bars).
However, we believe these cyanide data should be interpreted with caution because almost all of the
values carry the V notation, which indicates that they were smaller than or equal to the calculated limit
of detection for the sample. Excluding the cyanide data from consideration would increase the
percentage of clean stations to 56% for Lake St. Clair and to 32% for the St. Marys River, while
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7
decreasing the percentage of highly contaminated stations to 5% for Lake St. Clair and 13% for the
St. Marys River (Fig. 3). Excluding the the cyanide data would have little effect on the percentage of
clean and contaminated stations in the St. Clair River and the Detroit River.
Metals
The mean and maximum concentrations of the heavy metals were highest in the Detroit River, except
for cobalt, which was highest in the St. Marys River (Table 5). The lowest mean and I west maximum
concentrations for copper, lead, and zinc occurred in Lake St. Clair; for chromium and nickle in the St.
Clair River; and for mercury in the St. Marys River. For cadmium and cobalt, the lowest means were
observed in Lake St. Clair, while the lowest maximum values occurred in the St. Clair River.
Copper exceeded USEPA guidelines for moderate or heavy pollution at 85 (34%) of the stations (Table
4; Fig. 4). Contamination was heavy in the upper St. Marys River, the upper St. Clair River, and
throughout the Detroit River. Only four stations in Lake St. Clair were moderately polluted with copper,
and none was heavily polluted.
Lead contamination was found at 45 (18%) of the stations (Table 4; Fig. 5), and the distribution of
lead-contaminated stations resembled copper-contaminated stations. Most samples (56%) exhibiting
lead pollution, were heavily contaminated according to USEPA guidelines, and were near areas
receiving industrial discharges. Only one station in Lake St. Clair contained moderate lead
contamination.
Nickel contamination occurred at 80 (32%) of the stations (Table 4; Fig. 6). Heavy contamination was
restricted to the Detroit River, whereas moderate nickel contamination was found throughout the St.
Marys River, upper St. Clair River, parts of Lake St. Clair, and the entire Detroit River.
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Zinc contamination occurred at 58 (23%) of the stations (Table 4; Fig. 7). Heavy pollution by zinc, as
observed for copper, was restricted to the upper St. Marys River and to one station in the St. Clair
River, but was widespread in the Detroit River. Moderate pollution was more common than heavy
pollution by zinc in the St. Marys and St. Clair rivers and Lake St. Clair, but heavy zinc pollution was
common in the Detroit River.
Chromium concentrations exceeded USEPA pollution guidelines in three of the four channels (Table
4; Fig. 8); moderate contamination was common in all areas of the St. Marys River and the Detroit
River. Sediments with heavy chromium pollution were restricted to one station in the upper St. Marys
River and three stations in the Detroit River. No samples from the St. Clair River exhibited chromium
pollution and only two stations were moderately polluted in Lake St. Clair.
Heavy contamination with cadmium (>6 mg/kg) that exceeded the USEPA guideline for sediments
occurred at only two stations in the Trenton Channel (Table 4; Fig. 9). No USEPA guideline exists for
moderate contamination of cadmium in sediments. However, if the OMOE guideline of 1 mg/kg is
used, additional stations in the St. Marys River (5), St. Clair River (2), Lake St. Clair (2), and the Detroit
River (17) were polluted (Table 4; Appendix 3).
Concentrations of mercury exceeded the USEPA guideline for heavily contaminated sediments (1.0
mg/kg) at two stations near the center of Lake St. Clair, at one station in the Detroit River proper, and
at three in the Trenton Channel (Table 4; Fig. 10). Although no USEPA guideline exists to distinguish
moderately polluted sediments, the OMOE guideline of 0.3 mg/kg was exceeded in 1 sample from the
St. Marys River, 8 samples from the St. Clair River, 9 from Lake St. Clair, and 21 from the Detroit
River.
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Like copper, cobalt in the connecting channels was widespread, especially throughout the St. Marys
River and the Detroit River. No USEPA or OMOE sediment pollution guidelines exist for cobalt, but
concentrations were highest (6 mg/kg or higher) in the industrial portions of the channels and in
deposition areas in Lake Munuscong (lower St. Marys River) and central Lake St. Clair (Fig. 11).
Organics
Heavy pollution by oil and grease occurred at 20 (8%) of the stations and was most common near
industrial areas in the upper St. Marys River and the Detroit River (Fig. 12). Heavy pollution by oil and
grease also was observed several kilometers from any known point source, particularly in the St. Marys
River and the St. Clair River. Moderate contamination by oil and grease was found at 14 (6%) of the
stations.
Concentrations of total PCBs in the sediments exceeded the USEPA guideline for moderately polluted
sediments (1 mg/kg) at only one site in the St. Marys River and six sites in the Detroit River (Fig. 13).
No PCB concentrations exceeded the USEPA guideline of 10 mg/kg that identifies sediments as
"polluted and unacceptable for open lake disposal no matter what the other data indicate" (IJC 1982).
However, the number of stations in each river that exceeded the OMOE guideline for sediments
contaminated by PCBs (0.05 mg/kg) was high: St. Marys River - 33, St. Clair River -16, Lake St. Clair
-8, Detroit River - 33 (Table 4).
In the St. Marys River, St. Clair River, and Lake St. Clair, PCBs were identified almost exclusively as
Aroclors 1248 and 1254 (Appendix 4). However, Aroclor 1260 was identified in one sample from the
middle reach of the St. Marys River and in 56% of the samples from the Detroit River that contained
PCBs. Nowhere throughout the connecting channels was Aroclor 1242 identified.
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Volatile solids exceeded USEPA guidelines for contaminated sediments at 41 (16%) of the stations,
and highest concentrations occurred in samples from the upper St. Marys River and the Detroit River
(Fig. 14). Most heavily polluted samples were associated with industrialized areas of the connecting
channels. Only two stations in the St. Clair River and two in Lake St. Clair were moderately
contaminated by volatile solids.
No guidelines for phenol contamination of sediments have been established by USEPA or OMOE. The
sediments most heavily polluted by phenols (> 4 mg/kg) were from the upper St. Marys River and the
upper St. Clair River (Fig. 15). Lower concentrations of phenols (1-4 mg/kg) were observed in some
samples from all four channels.
Cyanide was the most widespread contaminant, occurring at 164 (66%) of the stations (Fig. 16). Of
the stations contaminated with cyanide, most (72%) were only moderately polluted. Heavy
contamination was found most often in the upper St. Marys River, the lower Detroit River, and some
nearshore areas of Lake St. Clair. As noted previously, these data should be treated wii:h caution
because most reported values were less than the limit of detection claimed by the laboratory that
performed the analyses.
Grain Size Analysis
Sediment that we collected at the 280 stations throughout the four channels was composed largely of
fine-grained materials (Appendix 5). These included fine sand, very fine sand, silt, and clay. More than
half of the sediment in the samples was very fine sand, silt, and clay at 66% of the stations in the St.
Marys River, 73% of those in the St. Clair River, 64% in Lake St. Clair, and 62% in the Detroit River;
when the fine sand fraction was included in the calculation, the percentage of stations with sediment
composed of more than half fine-grained materials increased to 92, 100, 98, and 96 for the four
water bodies.
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DISCUSSION
The results of this study are in general agreement with earlier studies that showed sediments near
industrial areas in the Detroit, St. Marys, and St. Clair rivers were contaminated with metals and
organic substances. The Detroit River has a long history of pollution (Limno-Tech 1985; Manny et al.
1988). It contains the most heavily contaminated sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels and a disrupted benthic animal community (Thornley and Hamdy 1984). The St. Marys River
below Sault Ste. Marie was reported to be heavily contaminated with copper (Hamdy et al. 1978; IJC
1983), and sediment contamination by organic substances in the St. Clair River downstream from the
cities of Port Huron, Sarnia, and St. Clair was reported by OMOE (1979) and ENCOTEC (1974).
Because the present study was based on samples that were collected in a grid designed to distribute
sampling effort evenly throughout the connecting channels of the upper Great Lakes, we were able to
show that metal contaminants were present in sediment deposition areas more than 40 km downstream
from known pollution sources. For example, mercury concentrations in sediments were higher in the
center of Lake St. Clair than in the St. Clair River near Sarnia, Ontario, where two chloro-alkali plants
were a major source of mercury (Limno-Tech 1985). The St. Clair River is narrow, heavily dredged,
and has a fast current that enhances the transport of sediments and contaminants to Lake St. Clair,
where current velocities are lower and where some of the discharged contaminants seem to be
deposited (Rossman 1988).
Of the seven metals we measured, only copper and cadmium were previously considered problem
contaminants in all four of the channels (Limno-Tech 1985). However, heavy contamination by nickel
and chromium had been documented in the Detroit River (Limno-Tech 1985), and our data show that
contamination by nickel, zinc, and lead was almost as widespread as contamination by copper, and
that chromium contamination was widely distributed in both the St. Marys River and the Detroit River.
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Although cadmium and mercury have been documented as contaminants in the St. Clair River and
Lake St. Clair for several years (Thomas 1974; Thomas et al. 1977; OMOE 1979), the significance of
the observed concentrations is problematic because two sets of pollution guidelines are in common use
for these metals in the Great Lakes region (Table 1). The USEPA guidelines for cadmium and mercury
recognize only heavy pollution. If OMOE guidelines are applied, cadmium is a contaminant at 40% of
the stations in the Detroit River, whereas mercury is a contaminant at 23% of the stations in the St.
Clair River and Lake St. Clair and at 53% of the stations in the Detroit River.
Of the five non-metal sediment contaminants in our survey, total cyanide was most frequently
encountered, particularly in the St. Marys River, Detroit River, and Lake St. Clair (Fig. 16). Because
it is a natural by-product of organic matter decomposition (Menzer and Nelson 1986), we expected
cyanide to be widely distributed in low concentrations. Cyanide has been monitored for many years
in these channels (Hamdy et al. 1978), and reported levels vary considerably. Although many of our
values for total cyanide were not significantly different from zero (see explanation of T notation in the
Methods section), these and data of other researchers indicate that cyanide is widely distributed
throughout the connecting channels. Because cyanide is highly toxic to aquatic biota (Sunshine 1969;
Johnson and Findley 1980), continued monitoring of this substance is warranted.
High concentrations of organic pollutants, including volatile solids and oil and grease, have long been
associated with industrial complexes in the St. Marys River, the St. Clair River, and the Detroit River
(Limno-Tech 1985). Volatile solids and oil and grease have similar distributions (Figs. 12 and 14) and
seem to be readily transported by flowing water. In the St. Marys River, volatile solids and oil and
grease were found in Lake George and lower Lake Munuscong more than 30 km downstream from the
industrialized Sault Ste. Marie area, suggesting that these substances are indeed readily transported.
However, spills may have occurred anywhere from vessels and spills from the abandoned freighter-
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refueling stations on Lime Island near station 115 may also have contributed to contamination of
sediments in lower Lake Munuscong.
Levels of total PCBs have been monitored for many years in the connecting channels (LJston et al.
1980; Bonner and Meresz 1981; Thornley and Hamdy 1984). By USEPA guidelines for dredged
sediments, we found total PCB contamination in the upper connecting channels to be minimal.
However, if the OMOE guideline for contaminated sediments is applied, 26% of the stations in the St.
Marys River, 46% in the St. Clair River, 19% in Lake St. Clair and 83% in the Detroit River were
polluted by PCBs. Caution is warranted in interpreting these data because some PCB congeners are
more toxic to biota than others (Huckins et al. 1988) and because our data do not distinguish all PCB
congeners that may have been present in the samples.
Cobalt and phenol have been identified as contaminants of concern that require future study in the
upper connecting channels (Limno-Tech 1985). Although no sediment pollution guidelines have been
established by regulatory agencies for these contaminants, our data indicate that both are distributed
in the sediments in much the same manner as other contaminants, where levels are highest near
industrial areas and in downriver sediment deposition zones.
We conclude that metals and organic contamination of sediment in the upper connecting channels of
the Great Lakes is widespread and will likely be of concern for many years. Sediment concentrations
of seven metals exceeded USEPA guidelines for moderately and heavily polluted sediments at more
than half of our sampling sites. Although most heavy pollution was near industrial areas, contaminants
from these areas seem to have been transported downstream and concentrated in areas more than
40 km from known pollution sources.
-------
14
LITERATURE CITED
American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control
Federation. 1980. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 15th Edition.
Method 503D.
ASTM (America! Society of Testing and Materials). 1969. 'Standard method or test for materials finer
than No. 200 (75-nm) sieve in mineral aggregates by washing". Designation C117-69, American
National Standard A374, 1970, October, 1969; pp. 68-69.
ASTM. 1971. "Standard method or test for sieve or screen analysis of fine and coarse aggregates".
Designation C136-71, American National Standard A378, September 1971; pp. 87-88.
ASTM. 1983. "Standard Practice for Interlaboratory Quality Control Procedures and a Discussion on
Reporting Lower Level Data". In: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 11.01, p.7-11, American
Society of Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
Bonner, R.F., and O. Meresz. 1981. St. Clair River organics study: identification and quantification
of organic compounds. OMOE, Water Resources Branch, Toronto, Ont. 217 pp.
EC and USEPA (Environment Canada & U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1988. Upper Great
Lakes Connecting Channels Study. Volume II - Final Report. Toronto, Ontario and Chicago, Illinois.
626 pp.
ENCOTEC (Environmental Control Technology Corporation). 1974. Water Pollution Investigation:
Detroit and St. Clair Rivers. Report No. EPA/905/9-74-013, Environmental Control Technology
Corporation, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 361 pp.
Fallen, M., and F. Horvath. 1985. Preliminary assessment of contaminants in soft sediments of the
Detroit River. J. Great Lakes Res. 11 (3):373-378.
Federal Register. 1979. ICAP Metals Methodology. 44(223, December):69526-69531. Washington,
D.C.
Hamdy, Y.S., J.D. Kinkead and M. Griffiths. 1978. St. Marys River Water Quality Investigations, 1973-
1974. OMOE, Water Resources Branch, Toronto, Ontario. 53 pp.
Hamdy, Y.S. and L. Post. 1985. "Distribution of mercury, trace organics, and other heavy metals in
Detroit River sediments". J. Great Lakes Res. 11(3):353-365.
Hartig, J.H. and R.L. Thomas. 1988. "Development of plans to restore degraded areas in the Great
Lakes". Environm. Management 12:327-347.
Huckins, J.N., T.R. Schwartz, J.O. Petty and L.M. Smith. 1988. "Determination, fate and potential
significance of PCBs in fish and sediment samples with emphasis on selected ATTH-inducing
congeners". Chemosphere 17:1995-2016.
-------
15
LITERATURE CITED (CONTINUED)
IJC (International Joint Commission). 1980. "Reporting low level data". The quality control handbook
for pilot watershed studies, PLUARG (as revised by J.L Clark, March 13,1980). International Joint
Commission, Windsor, Ontario.
I JC. 1982. Guidelines and register for evaluation of Great Lakes dredging projects. Report of the
Dredging Subcommittee to the Water Quality Program Committee of the Great Lakes Water Quality
Board. International Joint Commission. Windsor, Ontario. 365 pp.
IJC. 1983. "An inventory of chemical substances identified in the Great Lakes ecosystem, Vol. 1 -
Summary'. Report to the Great Lakes Water Quality Board. International Joint Commission, Windsor,
Ontario. 196pp.
Johnson, W.W., and M.T. Findley. 1980. Handbook on acute toxicity of chemicals to fish and aquatic
invertebrates. U.S. Dept. of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. Resource Publ. 137.
98pp.
Limn-Tech. 1985. "Summary of the existing status of the upper Great Lakes connecting channels
data". Prepared for Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channels Study. Limno-Tech, Inc., Ann Arbor,
Michigan. 159 pp. + appendices.
Listen, C.R., W.G. Duffy, D.E. Ashton, C.D. McNabb and F.E. Koehler. 1980. Environmental baseline
and evaluation of the St. Marys River dredging: Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway Navigation
Season Extension Program. 1980. FWS/OBS 80/62, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 270pp.
Manny, B.A., T.A. Edsall and E. Jaworski. 1988. "The Detroit River, Michigan: An Ecological Profile".
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biol. Rep. 85(7.17). 86 pp.
Menzer, R.E., and J.O. Nelson. 1986. "Water and soil pollutants", pp. 825-853. in: Klassen, C.D.,
M.O. Amdur and J. Doull (eds.), Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. MacMillan. New York.
Mudroch, A. 1985. "Geochemistry of the Detroit River sediment". J. Great Lakes Res. 11 (3) :193-200.
OMOE (Ontario Ministry of the Environment). 1979. St. Clair River organics study: biological surveys,
1968 and 1977. OMOE, Water Resources Assessment Unit, Toronto, Ontario. 90 pp.
Plumb, Jr. R.H. (ed). 1981. Procedures for handling and chemical analyses of sediment and water
samples. Technical Report EPA/CE-81-1. Prepared by Great Lakes Laboratory, State University
College at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY for USEPA/Corps Technical Committee on Criteria for Dredged of Fill
Material. Published by U.S. Army Engineering, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss. 386
PP-
Rossman, R. 1988. "Estimation of trace metal storage in Lake St. Clair post-settlement sediments
using composite samples". J. Great Lakes Res. 14:66-75.
Sunshine, I. (ed.). 1969. Handbook on Analytical Toxicology. The Chemical Rubber Company,
Cleveland, Ohio. 1081 pp.
-------
16
LITERATURE CITED (CONTINUED)
Thomas, R.L. 1974. The distribution and transport of mercury in the sediments of the Laurentian
Great Lakes system". In Proc. Internal Conf. on Transport of Persistent Chemicals in Aquat. Ecosys.
Natl. Res. Council of Can., Ottawa, pp. 11-116.
Thomas R.L., J.M. Jaquet and A. Mudroch. 1977. "Sedimentation processes and associated changes
in surface sediment trace metal concentrations in Lake St. Clair, 1970-1974". International Conference
on Heavy Metals in the Environment, Toronto, Ontario, October 27-31,1975. Symposium proceedings.
T.C. Hutchinson et al. (eds.), The Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California.
Thornley, S. and Y. Hamdy. 1984. *An assessment of the bottom fauna and sediments of the Detroit
River". Ontario Ministry of the Environment Technical Report. ISBN. 9-7743-8474-3. February. 48
PP-
USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1979a. Chemistry laboratory manual for bottom
sediments and elutriate testing. NTIS PB-294596.
USEPA. 1979b. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes. USEPA 600/4-79-020,
Cincinnati.
-------
17
Table 1. Ontario Ministry of the Environment (OMOE) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) pollution classification guidelines for sediments (IJC 1982). Units are mg/kg dry weight of
sediment except for volatile solids (%). Dash (-) means no guideline.
USEPA
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
PCBs
Oil and grease
Volatile solids
OMOE
1.0
25.0
25.0
0.1
50.0
0.3
25.0
100.0
0.05
1500
6.0
Moderately polluted
25
25
0.1
40
20
90
1.0
1000
5
._
-75
-50
-0.25
-60
...
-50
-200
- 10.0
-2000
-8
Heavily polluted
>6
>75
>50
>0.25
>60
>1.0
>50
>200
> 10.0
>2000
>8
-------
18
Table 2. Duplicate sample analyses performed on 25 sample pairs for 13 contaminants in the upper
Great Lakes connecting channels, 1985.
Relative percentage difference"
Contaminant
Cadmium
Cobalt
Copper
Chromium
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
Cyanide
Oil and grease
Total PCBs
Phenols
Volatile solids
Average
14.9
13.0
11.0
13.9
17.9
55.3
14.3
17.1
69.9
43.1
19.1
53.4
16.0
Range
0.0-
0.0-
0.0-
0.0-
0.0-
6.8-
0.0-
0.0-
0.0-
9.0-
0.0-
4.0-
2.0-
100.0
50.0
40.0
40.0
83.3
108.6
48.3
155.3
142.9
77.7
82.5
66.7
100.0
N
25
25
25
25
25
4
24
25
3
3
15
2
25
1/ Relative percent difference (RPD), calculated as (| Dup1 - Dup2 |)/[(Dup1 + Dup2)/2] x 100.
Average RPD was calculated as (IRPD/N).
N = Number of duplicate sample pairs in which both values were > zero, & the approximate limit of
detection given in Appendix 2, and were not denoted with a "t" in Appendices 3-5.
Range represents minimum and maximum RPD for N sample pairs.
-------
Tabto 3. Stations with sediment concentrations of 1-11 contaminants exceeding pollution classification guidelines of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agony (USEPA) or of the
USEPA and Ontario Ministry of Environment (OMOE). Each station is represented by a single sample. The guidelines are given in Table 1.
Niimhnr Af "
IvUIIIUOl wl
contaminants
exceeding guidelines
in sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total number of
contaminated stations
Percent of stations
contaminated*
Number of stations (samples) with contaminant concentrations exceeding guidelines
St. Marys River
USEPA"
45
22
15
8
8
3
8
6
0
0
0
115
92
USEPA
and
OMOE"
40
23
15
15
6
3
5
8
1
2
0
118
94
St. Clair River
USEPA
13
4
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
66
USEPA
.and OMOE
11
12
3
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
31
89
Lake St. Clair
USEPA
17
8
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
65
USEPA
and OMOE
13
8
5
2
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
30
70
Detroit River
USEPA
9
3
2
1
3
3
5
6
4
1
1
38
81
USEPA
and OMOE
6
7
4
1
1
1
2
1
7
4
9
43
91
All channels combined
USEPA
84
37
23
12
11
6
13
12
4
1
1
204
82
USEPA and
OMOE
70
50
27
21
9
4
8
10
8
6
9
222
89
USEPA guidelines for 11 contaminants (see Table 1).
USEPA guidelines for cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, oil and grease, cyanide, and volatile solids; OMOE guidelines for cadmium, mercury, and PCBs
(see Table 1).
Calculated as, (total number of contaminated stations in channel/total number of stations In channel) X100. Total number of stations In channel = St. Marys River -125;
St. Clair River - 35; Lake St. Clair - 43; Detroit River - 47; all channels - 250.
-------
Table 4. Stations in the upper Great Lakes connecting channels where sediment concentrations of contaminants exceeded the pollution classification guidelines of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) or (in parentheses) the Ontario Ministry of Environment, for cadmium, mercury, and PCBs. The guidelines are given in Table 1.
Volatile solids
Oil and grease
PCBs
Cyanide
Mercury
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Nickel
Lead
Zinc
St.
M*
9
9
1
68
-*
-
69
38
42
7
14
Marys River
N"=125
H"
9
10
0
(33)
29
0
0)
0
(5)
1
4
0
9
9
St.
M
2
0
0
4
-
-
0
15
5
2
4
Clair River
N=35
H
0
2
0
(16)
1
0
(8)
0
(2)
0
1
0
3
1
Lake St. Clair
N=43
M H
2 0
0 0
0 0
(8)
22 4
2
(9)
0
(2)
2 0
4 0
9 0
1 0
2 0
Detroit River
N=47
M H
13 6
5 8
6 0
(33)
24 12
4
(21)
2
(17)
19 4
11 12
19 5
10 13
17 11
All channels combined
N=250
M
26
14
7
118
-
-
90
68
75
20
37
H
15
20
0
(90)
46
6
(39)
2
(26)
5
17
5
25
21
" N= number of stations and samples. * M = moderately polluted. * H = heavily polluted. * - = no USEPA guidelines.
-------
Table 5. Mean (mg/kg), standard error (SE) and range of 14 contaminants tested in the sediments of the upper Great Lakes connecting channels In 1985.
St. Marys River
N1/ » 125
Mercury
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Nickel
Lead
Zinc
Cobalt
Oil and grease
Total PCB
Phenol
Cyanide
Volatile solids
Mean
0.05
0.31
30.72
20.57
15.31
20.95
69.34
6.86
917.34
0.066
0.386
0.283
3.530
SE
0.005
0.024
1.718
1.370
0.886
1.752
6.374
0.373
198.51
0.1108
0.1108
0.0513
0.3146
Range
0.00-0.31
0.20-1 .80
2.70-
78.00
1.80-
110.00
1.80-
44.00
7.0-
130.00
6.00-
470.00
0.900-
20.00
0.-
16500.00
0.-3.306
0.-1 1.000
0.-3.300
0.250-
St. Clair River
N = 35
Mean
0.14
0.44
10.25
24.47
13.39
28.23
67.40
5.08
368.51
0.053
0.731
0.026
2.134
SE
0.033
0.039
0.512
2.249
0.840
3.301
7.874
0.289
110.99
0.0051
0.2445
0.0132
0.2209
Range
0.00-
0.60
0.20-
1.20
5.20-
15.00
7.10-
55.00
5.90-
24.00
7.00-
92.00
28.00-
310.00
2.70-
8.50
0.-
3130,0
0.-0.127
0.-8.100
0.-0.400
0.230-
6.850
Mean
0.25
0.28
11.78
12.31
13.62
17.06
47.91
5.05
162.65
0.040
0.384
0.112
2.314
Lake St. Clair
N = 43
SE
0.078
0.035
0.917
1.258
1.033
1.718
3.479
0.291
24.443
0.0060
0.0745
0.0271
0.2074
Range
0.00-2.71
0.20-1 .40
2.80-
26.00
1.40-
30.00
3.80-
33.00
7.00-
50.00
11.00-
130.00
1.60-9.50
0.-637.0
0.-0.200
0.-2.800
0.-0.800
0.520-
6.210
Mean
1.61
1.99
37.01
38.23
27.24
65.59
272.70
6.26
1580.99
0.714
0.391
0.738
5.105
Detroit River
N = 47
SE
1.180
0.716
6.806
5.413
3.099
11.866
112.349
0.311
582.540
0.2357
0.0752
0.3562
0.8309
Range
0.04-
55.80
0.20-33.0
4.80-
260.00
3.30-
150.00
6.10-
130.00
7.20-
360.00
21.00-
5300.00
2.30-
11.00
14.0-
24100.0
0.0-9.130
0.0-3.200
0.0-
15.700
0.820-
" N = number of stations and samples.
ro
-------
22
Lake Huron
St Clair River
Lake St. Clair
Detroit
Detroit J
River
Port Huron
Sf. Clair River
n = 35
Square =
2 2 x 2 2 km
N St Clair
Lake St Clair
Lake S! Clair
feb^
Detroit
1 Lake Erie
Figure 1. Location of 250 stations in the Great Lakes upper connecting channels where
sediment samples were collected in 1985.
-------
23
100
METALS
10&Q
3 PCBs I I CYANIDE
-T1 ,
St. Marys River St. Clalr River Lake St. Clalr
Detroit River
Figure 2. Percentage or stations exceeding USEPA or OMOE guidelines for one or more
heavy metals, oil and grease, PCBs, or cyanide. Stations contaminated only by the indicated
contaminant group are represented by the portion of the bar above th horizontal line. Stations
also contaminated with substances from one or more of the other contaminant groups are
represented by the portion of the bar below the horizontal line.
100
80
eo-
-------
24
Lake
George
n-125
Square =
2.2 x 2.2 km
wE
s
COPPER
D = Non-Polluted
B_ Moderately
"Polluted
_ Heavily
~ Polluted
Lake Huron
Port
Huron,
Michigan
St. Clair River
n = 35
Square =
22 x 2.2km
St Clair
J.ake Huron
Sarnia,
" Ontario
Lake St Clair
Ml Clemens
Clinton River
outfall
Detroit]
River
St. Clair River
Lake St. Clair
n = 43
Square =
6.9 x 4 8 km
N
WE
Lake St Clair
Detroit,
Michigan
Detroit River
n = 47
Square =
28 x 1 8km
WE
s
Lake Erie
Figure 4.. Copper contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982).
-------
25
Lake
George
LEAD
D=Non-Polluted
B_ Moderately
~ Polluted
_ Heavily
Polluted
Lake Huron
Port
Huron,
Michigan
St. Clair River
n = 35
Square =
2.2 x 2.2km
Lake Huron
Sarnia,
" Ontario
Lake St Clair
Mt. Clemens
Clinton River
outfall
St. Clair River
Lake St. Clair
n = 43
Square =
6 9 x 4.8 km
N
Detroit J
River
Lake St Clair
Detroit,
Michigan
Detroit River
n = 47
Square =
Lake Erie
Figure 5. Lead contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982).
-------
26
NICKEL
D = Non-Polluted
S = Moderate
Pollution
= Heavy
Pollution
Lake Huron
Port
Huron,
Michigan "
St. Clair River
n = 35
Square =
2.2 x 2.2km
Lake Huron
Sarnia,
Ontario
Lake St. Clair
Mt. Clemens
Clinton River
outfall
Detroit J
Rivers,
St. Clair River
Lake St. Clair
n = 43
Square =
6 9 x 4 8 km
N
WE
S
LakeStClair
Detroit,
Michigan
Detroit River
n = 47
Lake Erie
Figure 6. Nickel contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982).
-------
27
Lake
George
n = 125
Square =
2 2 x 2.2 km
ZINC
Q = Non-Polluted
r^i Moderately
^"Polluted
_ Heavily
" Polluted
Lake Huron
\Lake Huron
Port
Huron,
Michigan ~j~CTr Sarnia,
Ontario
St. Clair River
n = 35
Square =
2.2 x 2.2 km
Lake St C/air
Mt. Clemens
Clinton River
outfall
Detroit}
River &
St. Clair River
Lake St. Clair
n = 43
Square =
6.9 x 4.8 km
N
WE
S
Lake St. Clair
Detroit,
Michigan
Detroit River
n = 47
Square =
2 8 x 1.8 km
Lake Ene
Figure 7. Zinc contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982).
-------
28
Lake
George
CHROMIUM
n = Non-Polluted
B = Moderate
Pollution
= Heavy
Pollution
Lake Huron
Port
Huron,
Michigan
St. Clair River
Lake Huron
Sarnia,
Ontario
Lake St Clair
Mi. Clemens
Clinton River
outfall
Detroit J
River S
St. Clair River
Lake St. Clair
n = 43
Square =
6.9 x 4.8 km
N
JL
wE
s
Lake St. Clair
Detroit,
Michigan
Detroit River
n - 47
Square ;
Lake Erie
Figure 8. Chromium contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982).
-------
29
CADMIUM
D = Non-Polluted
_ Heavily
"Polluted
Lake Huron
\Lake Huron
Port _XL
Huron, j
Michigan | (^ Sarnia,
~ Ontario
St. Clair River
n = 35
Square
Lake St Clair
Mt. Clemens
Clinton River
outfall
Detroit J
Rivers,
St Clair River
Lake St. Clair
n = 43
Square =
6.9 x 4 8km
N
^H
s
. Clair
Detroit,
Michigan
Windsor, Ontario
Detroit River
n = 47
Square =
28 x 18km
N
s
Late &ve
Figure 9. Cadmium contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982).
-------
30
n = 125
Square =
2.2 x 2.2 km
MERCURY
D = Non-Polluted
Heavily
Polluted
Lake Huron
Port
Huron,
Michigan "
St. Clair River
n = 35
Square =
22 x 2.2km
Lake Huron
Sarnia,
Ontario
Lake St Clair
Detroit J
River
St. Clair River
Lake St. Clair
n = 43
Square =
6 9 x 4 6 km
Detroit,
Michigan
n = 47
Square =
2 8 x 1 8 km
N
wE
s
Lake Ene
Figure 10. Mercury contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982).
-------
31
| Sault Ste. Mane,
\ Ontario
Lake
Superior i c
Lake
George
n = 125
Square =
2.2 x 2 2 km
Lake Huron
Port
Huron,
Michigan "
St. Clair River
n = 35
Square = 43V
2.2 x 22km
Lake Huron
Sarnia,
Ontario
WE
Lake St Clair
Ml. Clemens
Clinton River
outfall
St. Clair River
Lake St. Clair
n = 43
Square =
69 x 4.8km
Detroit 3
Riven
Lake St. Clair
Detroit,
Michigan
Detroit River
n = 47
Square =
2 8 x 1.8km
Lake Erie
Figure 11. Cobalt contamination in the sediments of the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985.
-------
32
Lake
George
OIL/GREASE
D = Non-Polluted
B_ Moderately
~ Polluted
tm Heavily
Polluted
Lake
Munuscong k
Lake Huron
Port
Huron,
Michigan "
St. Clair River
n = 35
Square =
Lake Huron
Sarnia,
Ontario
Lake St. Clair
Mt. Clemens
Clinton River
outfall
Detroit J
River
St. Clair River
Lake St. Clair
n = 43
Square =
6.9 x 4.8km
IN
wE
s
Lake St. Clair
Detroit,
Michigan
Detroit River
n = 47
Square =
Lake Erie
Figure 12. Oil and grease contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes
connecting channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982).
-------
33
Sault Ste. Mane,
Lake
George
PCBs
Q= Non-Polluted
m Moderately
^"Polluted
Heavily
"Polluted
Lake Huron
Port
Huron,
Michigan "
Sf. C/a/r River
n = 35
Square =
2.2 x 2.2km
Lake Huron
Sarma,
Ontario
Lake St Clan
Mt. Clemens
Clinton River
outfall
Detroit J
Riven
St. C/a/r River
LakeSt.Clair
n = 43
Square =
6.9 x 4 8 km
N
wE
s
Lake St C/a/r
Detroit,
Michigan
Detroit River
n = 47
Square =
28 x 1.8km
N
Lake Erie
Figure 13. PCBs contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982).
-------
34
SaultSte. Marie
Ontario
Lake
George
VOLATILE SOLIDS
n = Non-Polluted
m _ Moderately
^'Polluted
I Heavily
Polluted
Lake Huron
Port
Huron,
Michigan
St. Clair River
Lake Huron
Sarnia,
Ontario
Lake St. Clair
St Clair River
Lake St. Clair
n = 43
Square =
6 9 x 4 8 km
Lake St Clair
Detroit J
Rivers.
Detroit,
Michigan
Detroit River
n = 47
Square :
Lake Erie
Figure 14. Volatile solids contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes
connecting channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982).
-------
35
Lake
George
Lake Huron
Port
Huron,
Michigan
St. Clair River
n - 35
Square =
2.2 x 2 2km
lake Huron
Sarnia,
Ontario
Lake St. Clair
Mt. Clemens
Clinton River
outtal!
Detroit J
River S
St Clair River
Lake St. Clair
n = 43
Square =
6 9 x 4.8 km
Lake St Clair
Detroit,
Michigan
Detroit River
Lake Erie
Figure 15. Phenol contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985.
-------
36
Sault Ste. Marie,
Ontario
Lake
George
CYANIDE
D=Non-Polluted
r^i _ Moderately
^'Polluted
_ Heavily
Polluted
Lake Huron
Port
Huron,
Michigan
St. Clair River
n = 35
Square =
2.2 x 2.2km
Lake Huron
'_ Sarnia,
"Ontario
Lake St Clair
Mt. Clemens
Clinton River
outfall
St Clair River
Lake St. Clair
n = 43
Square =
6.9 x 4.8 km
N
Detroit J
Rivers.^
Lake St Clair
Detroit,
Michigan
s
Detroit River
Lake Erie
Figure 16. Cyanide contamination of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in 1985, according to USEPA guidelines (IJC 1982).
-------
37
Appendix 1. Locations of 250 stations in the Great Lakes upper connecting channels where sediment
samples were collected in 1985. Stations 1-125 are in the St. Marys River, 126-158 in the St. Clair
River, 159-203 in Lake St. Clair, and 204-250 in the Detroit River. Base maps are photocopies of
National Ocean Survey Charts, of the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Agency, U.S. Department of
Commerce.
-------
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14883-June 1989
ST. MARYS RIVER
km 0
1
miles 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
-------
'; x:
'\
. --'^x'f.
<.jp£r~M K
3, ,
//((^ H'.(//,,
y-^31,
32
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14884-Aug. 1980
ST.
\^
km 0
h
1
miles 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
S'
m
CO
CO
-------
<{ >
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA charts 14883-June 1989
and 14884-Aug. 1980 ST. MARYS RIVER
km 0 1 2 3
miles 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
^-M N r;l
' > --^r
-------
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14883-June 1989
ST. MARYS RIVER
km 0
h
1
3
i
miles 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
-------
42
'» * \ V > i\ ^-\je MMM^feHI0iMlMMMMMfMpMHi PMMOTMMiB
K!"*S x ii 7" \ »SS. . 'V ,
w *%* '*"
^r-X* *
*T₯is v
jib*.*1 A -. «*8^
,
V
__ . -.
iv^v^^^r^f:-". --| /
A
'/"
Station Locations for EPA/FWS >>
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14883-June 1989
ST. MARYS RIVER
r
0.5 1.0
J
82
-,
"J/, --' 17
-------
43
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14883-June 1989
ST. MARYS RIVER
miles 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
-------
£
-,', " '' ' " i 'i^'A '"^Tx"; COUBO , \ i ;'fj i/ ''|t?_3 * ' i ** ' * * I
Station Locations for EPA/FWS ^ ^
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA charts 14883-June 1989
and 14882-March 1979 ST. MARYS RIVER
km 0
1
miles 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
DE TOUR PASSAGE TO MUNUSCONG LAKE ?Y
Seal* HIMWU " J -
SOUNDINGS IN FEET " : ,
NOTES
-------
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA charts 14882 -March 1979
and 14883 -June 1989 ST. MARYS RIVER
miles 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
cn
-------
~ "' 4*S'/ - < '',
-y , ___v ,
\ V- . , ...-x,
\ / '»»*"." *",
3AGE
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14882-March 1979
Sf. MARYS RIVER
3
-"1
"\ , **'
1 2
_j r_^
''.,ir^ > cj.'"
/5u<*tf co£*$r ^ ;--~^Sj6«-
, - - ^f- ^y,.VI^
C"; ' * '
,»""'.
MiJiId.i. ' I.
r <}*«;*?«» Si w*.
-------
47
U--' -"' .-' /
i- V '/ W .'
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14852-Dec. 1988
ST. CLAIR RIVER
miles 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
-------
48
s
A> Vr
x * ' __:
^
^r
^ ; 135f
'^ i
i
137f
139
. 1*41
. . a
i y
/ *
/
142 '
\ y
jf^
If
'ir!
138
t ;
4 s
f Station
1985 Sec
Plotted on
km
V miles
1
, v\ r\-
i^4!
/\*^4j'"' !'^:>/ / ';^l
.-,. \!*\
° (N FEET
Locations for EPA/FWS
liment Contaminant Survey
NOAA chart 14852 -Dec. 1988
ST. CLA1R RIVER
D 1 2 3
1 I j
D 0.5 1.0 15 2.0
\
D ; ti
j ' * !'
! mi
-------
I 148
Station Locations for EPA/FWS >
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14852-Dec. 1988
ST. CL/Wfl R/VER
NOTTS.
0- -HIS CH*RT iw»< *tic
onfl Lake Si C=ft. ts ot etevaito-- s^l 7 fn«
^-,1 !r«m ; iy=5j
AIDS '0 ***ViDA1fOC, r» tort^je ono
-------
50
L r
* N
t ' 1*CTi.-" "'
-:_'' .-'-i "s L \ k N D
"
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14852-Dec. 1988
ST. CLAIR RIVER
km 0
1
3
L_
miles 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
-~x .*
-------
,
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14850-Oct. 1988
LAKE ST. CLAIR
km 0
01
-------
o
» « f f*e fnHs a* If*
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14850-Oct. 1988
LAKE ST. CLAIR
LORAN-G win XT
ARAL
»*o tr>«
-------
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14850-Oct. 1988
-------
54
UJ8SEP01NTI
PARK
193
188
-88«
0
«*-(' OVEKi'KIKTED
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14850-Oct. 1988
LAKE ST. CLAIR
km 0 1 2345
I I J 1 1 I
miles 0123
NGS IN FEET
-------
-------
56
V* t ' * f ->* e5*?* < '"' ''
-------
SOUNDINGS IN FEET
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14848 -Nov. 1988
DETROIT RIVER
km 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 25
C II ' r""" /?:*'?'**
'....'// II F">"T-V . : ' )' .,
// i, !-" :.'u 11.;..',;:"
'i ,i VM. > , :> , < ~ t\
.! , ' , "^^ rfr --,>' ?,,.,, , , I
-------
58
s
a
*
\ ' rtfttwl""'""'. }&,. ,
,V"""' * '»'..
>/'5«&& \.
># ,/ ,-'"' * i /'/'if V'
! ?J"- V< i-
./£ ,-'""% "u. V>
^^V^^%«'7
4 ^sj&i^ ^K5r-"
'vJT"' v"'9»y ' « ' J.^A^jCifc^ ~
S^^sffiS
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14848-Nov. 1988
DETROIT RIVER
km 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
-------
59
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14848-Nov. 1988
DETROIT RIVER
-------
60
«&WLT«ffl4l!V«''f»t < S 'V\V^.Kf/^
»-%n^rsA-L v; AWijefo*
?^- /: /»' <! u^'l I -1^*'//;///
"/ //:, L'A.
l\i!:'^if'
iv/*^i«
V'<'j.*T"
toi
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14848 -Nov. 1988
DETROIT RIVER
km 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
miles 0
-T-1 h ' H
0.5
1.5
'tli I.
><*< /'
i'l' I
'.ffrfy
-------
Station Locations for EPA/FWS
1985 Sediment Contaminant Survey
Plotted on NOAA chart 14848-Nov. 1988
DETROIT RIVER
km 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
miles 0
0.5
1
1.5
0)
-------
Appendix 2. Methodology and quality control information used in the chemical analyses of sediments at 250 stations in the upper Great Lakes ro
connecting channels, June 1985^'
Parameters
ICAP Metals
Cd
Co
Cu
Cr
Pb
Ni
Zn
Cn
Phenol
Mercury
Volatile Solids
% Solids
Oil and Grease
PCBs
Unit
mg/kg dry weight basis
mg/kg dry weight basis
mg/kg dry weight basis
,
mg/kg dry weight basis
% of total solids
% dry weight fa)
wet weight (g)
mg/kg dry weight basis
mg/kg dry weight basis
Approximate limit of
detection8'
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.8
7.0
2.0
4.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.01
0.1
650
0.03
Recovery of internal
standards (range in %) Comment
77 - 1 08 'Preparation of Sediments and Other Solids for ICAP
Analysis' Central Regional Laboratory, (CRL) Method
#MET 413. 'Standard Operative Procedure (SOP) for the
Determination of Total Metals in Water by ICAP CRL
Method #MET 111' Reference USEPA 1979a.
73 - 1 02 'SOP for Total Cyanide, CRL Method #MIN 71 91 9"
Reference USEPA 1979b.
95 - 1 14 'SOP: Phenols, Total Recoverable, CRL Method #MIN
74818' Reference USEPA 1979b.
87 - 1 14 'SOP: Total Mercury in Fish and Sediments, CRL Method
#MIN 7336' Reference USEPA 1979b.
N/A 'SOP for Total Volatile Solids (%) in Sediments and Solids,
CRL Method #447' Gravimetric determination at 550°C +
50°C.
N/A 'SOP for Total Residue (% Solids), CRL Method #444"
Gravimetric determination.
N/A 'SOP: Analysis of Sediments and Other Solids for Oil and
Grease, CRL Method #PES2415243.' Reference APHA-
AWWA-WPCF 1980, Method 503D.
74-106 'SOP: Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soils and
Sediment Bottoms, CRL Method 0PES1 262-84 Revised
05/86'.
" Source: John Morris, Chief, Inorganic Chemistry Section, USEPA, Region V. Chicago, Illinois.
21 Limit of detection is sample specific and may vary slightly from this value.
-------
63
Appendix 3. Concentrations of heavy metals (mg/kg) in sediments at 250 stations in the upper Great Lakes connecting channels
in June 1985. The letter designation following the station number indicates whether the station was located in U.S. (A) or
Canadian (C) waters. Values with an asterisk (*) exceed U.S. guidelines for moderately polluted sediments (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn)
or Canadian guidelines for polluted sediments (Hg, Cd). Analytical results below the guideline of detection for a particular method
are followed by at* code in conformance with established procedures for reporting low level data.
Station
number
St Marys
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Jurisdiction
River
C
C
C
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
C
C
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
C
C
A
A
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
A
A
Hg
0.04
0.13
0.03
0.13
0.01 t
0.03
0.02 t
0.05
0.00 t
0.02 t
0.05
0.10
0.16
0.02 t
0.10
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.02
0.11
0.00 t
0.11
0.07
0.04
0.00 t
0.00 t
0.00 t
0.03
0.03 t
0.09
0.06
0.00 t
0.01 t
0.10
0.01 t
0.00 t
0.05
0.01 t
0.25
0.27
Cd
0.40
1.80*
0.20
1.50*
0.20
0.20
0.20
1.10*
0.31
0.42
0.60
0.90
0.90
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.80
0.40
1.00*
0.40
0.60
0.20
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.90
0.90
0.20
0.60
0.30
0.50
0.70
0.30
0.50
0.20
0.40
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
Co
4.8
8.4
3.1
8.0
2.8
7.0
2.8
6.6
5.7
2.7
6.3
6.3
7.7
3.6
5.8
2.2
4.6
4.3
2.3
7.0
5.6
10.0
13.0
2.4
1.2
3.8
8.5
1.9
11.0
6.2
1.7
3.9
3.4
9.2
9.5
8.1
3.1
1.6
1.7
3.0
Cr
17.0
58.0*
10.0
58.0*
7.4
18.0
8.8
47.0*
26.0*
10.0
78.0*
59.0*
53.0*
9.3
15.0
6.0
26.0*
18.0
41.0*
45.0*
40.0*
40.0*
56.0*
7.6
2.7
14.0
20.0
6.6
47.0*
26.0*
5.0
13.0
20.0
43.0*
37.0*
33.0*
10.0
3.7
6.2
21.0
Cu
16.0
110.0*
7.9
70.0*
6.5
19.0
6.9
35.0*
26.0*
13.0
49.0*
44.0*
49.0*
8.0
12.0
6.0
18.0
20.0
17.0
31.0*
44.0*
32.0*
53.0*
5.6
1.8
34.0*
6.1
5.3
53.0*
26.0*
5.1
12.0
15.0
41.0*
22.0
30.0*
6.2
3.6
4.0
11.0
Ni
9.2
30.0*
6.1
27.0*
4.3
13.0
4.7
16.0
13.0
5.9
22.0*
24.0*
23.0*
6.6
11.0
4.0
8.5
8.6
7.6
17.0
17.0
21.0*
31.0*
4.6
1.8
9.6
6.6
4.3
27.0*
14.0
3.5
8.0
8.7
25.0*
23.0*
19.0
5.7
3.2
3.2
7.4
Pb
19.0
130.0*
8.8
84.0*
7.0
7.6
7.6
66.0*
52.0*
29.0
62.0*
75.0*
74.0*
10.0
16.0
11.0
18.0
18.0
29.0
72.0*
53.0*
51.0*
76.0*
7.0
7.0
30.0
21.0
7.0
76.0*
47.0*
7.0
7.0
15.0
43.0*
9.0
42.0*
7.0
7.0
7.0
12.0
Zn
64
470*
29
260*
36
46
30
330*
260*
60
190*
220*
210*
29
62
16
37
36
26
220*
150*
150*
240*
28
6
57
22
24
240*
140*
14
26
49
140*
45
130*
18
21
11
33
-------
64
Appendix 3. (Continued)
Station
number
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
Jurisdiction
A
A
C
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
C
C
A
A
C
C
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
C
A
Hg
0.01 t
0.01 t
0.00 t
0.00 t
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.01 t
0.04 t
0.02
0.00 t
0.01 t
0.02 t
0.12
0.02 t
0.03
0.03
0.11
0.02
0.01 t
0.02 t
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.01 t
0.02
0.01 t
0.06
0.07
0.01 t
0.00 t
0.31 *
0.01 t
0.01 t
0.01 t
0.02 t
0.02 t
0.00 t
0.00 1
0.00 1
0.09
0.06
0.09
Cd
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.20
1.20*
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.40
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.70
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.40
0.40
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
Co
4.0
3.0
3.7
2.6
6.3
1.5
0.9
5.0
11.0
3.1
6.5
2.7
2.8
1.4
2.6
12.0
2.1
2.2
2.2
9.5
2.4
1.0
3.8
6.2
5.2
4.5
8.1
3.7
6.9
7.5
11.0
2.2
4.0
4.5
2.8
14.0
3.6
7.6
6.9
8.5
4.6
6.2
7.5
14.0
11.0
Cr
12.0
8.3
11.0
6.6
29.0*
4.8
2.7
17.0
45.0*
9.9
22.0
8.1
13.0
9.5
11.0
42.0*
11.0
12.0
7.3
36.0*
20.0
4.5
15.0
36.0*
31.0*
18.0
33.0*
23.0
25.0*
28.0*
46.0*
10.0
29.0*
40.0*
16.0
45.0*
16.0
40.0*
34.0*
38.0*
26.0*
23.0
42.0*
54.0*
35.0*
Cu
9.8
7.3
9.8
4.4
14.0
3,7
4.0
11.0
15.0
7.4
21.0
8.4
8.3
4.2
8.2
41.0*
5.9
8.0
6.3
34.0*
7.6
2.6
12.0
22.0
18.0
12.0
16.0
12.0
19.0
24.0
35.0*
4.6
11.0
15.0
10.0
28.0*
7.9
23.0
22.0
20.0
13.0
15.0
24.0
30.0*
18.0
Ni
7.0
6.0
7.3
5.0
13.0
3.6
2.2
12.0
13.0
6.9
16.0
5.7
5.8
3.0
5.8
28.0*
4.5
5.4
4.6
22.0*
5.7
1.8
8,3
14.0
12.0
9.6
17.0
8.0
16.0
16.0
25.0*
3.5
7.2
10.0
5.4
31.0*
5.9
15.0
15.0
17.0
8.7
12.0
16.0
33.0*
22.0*
Pb
13.0
7.0
15.0
7.0
13.0
7.0
7.0
9.6
35.0
7.0
17.0
12.0
8.1
7.0
11.0
39.0
7.0
10.0
9.7
43.0*
7.8
7.0
10.0
17.0
15.0
12.0
9.1
11.0
19.0
28.0
35.0
7.0
7.7
15.0
9.2
7.0
7.0
18.0
20.0
16.0
10.0
8.7
18.0
13.0
9.1
Zn
55
20
55
16
27
19
14
37
35
21
75
46
22
13
28
180*
19
26
33
200*
23
11
40
60
61
50
41
32
72
110*
150*
16
30
37
30
53
20
57
61
46
31
27
59
59
44
-------
65
Appendix 3. (Continued)
Station
number
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
St. Clair
126
127
128
129
130
Jurisdiction
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
River
A
C
C
A
C
Hg
0.11
0.10
0.13
0.14
0.08
0.13
0.06
0.16
0.05
0.04
0.06
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.06
0.04 t
0.09
0.03
0.00 t
0.02
0.10
0.01 t
0.02 t
0.02 t
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.11
0.04
0.09
0.07
0.08
0.12
0.10
0.04
0.09
0.10
0.09
0.02
0.01 t
0.02 t
0.01 t
0.01 t
0.06
Cd
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.30
0.40
0.20
0.50
Co
7.8
9.8
4.3
8.0
15.0
10.0
5.8
20.0
20.0
7.6
9.2
8.6
7.9
11.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
11.0
2.8
6.1
7.2
8.8
6.5
13.0
9.6
14.0
8.1
1.1
12.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
10.0
14.0
15.0
6.1
15.0
11.0
15.0
3.0
3.2
5.3
5.1
7.2
6.0
Cr
24.0
35.0*
22.0
50.0*
63.0*
34.0*
19.0
64.0*
70.0*
28.0*
49.0*
46.0*
39.0*
35.0*
51.0*
48.0*
55.0*
58.0*
9.1
20.0
27.0*
41.0*
21.0
56.0*
45.0*
60.0*
34.0*
4.2
54.0*
51.0*
60.0*
68.0*
47.0*
63.0*
64.0*
29.0*
67.0*
48.0*
63.0*
11.0
7.4
12.0
11.0
14.0
15.0
Cu
14.0
16.0
10.0
21.0
31.0*
17.0
11.0
35.0*
41.0*
18.0
26.0*
22.0
26.0*
25.0*
25.0*
29.0*
28.0*
28.0*
6.3
14.0
17.0
22.0
10.0
30.0*
21.0
42.0*
24.0
2.3
30.0*
27.0*
33.0*
31.0*
24.0
34.0*
35.0*
14.0
33.0*
28.0*
35.0*
6.9
55.0*
25.0*
38.0*
45.0*
41.0*
Ni
15.0
20.0*
8.0
17.0
34.0*
20.0*
12.0
44.0*
44.0*
15.0
21.0*
18.0
18.0
22.0*
20.0*
24.0*
25.0*
24.0*
5.6
14.0
16.0
20.0*
14.0
29.0*
22.0*
26.0*
20.0*
3.4
27.0*
26.0*
29.0*
29.0*
23.0*
36.0*
38.0*
14.0
33.0*
27.0*
37.0*
6.8
18.0
16.0
14.0
17.0
20.0*
Pb
8.4
9.0
7.4
16.0
20.0
14.0
7.0
19.0
20.0
10.0
28.0
17.0
22.0
15.0
21.0
23.0
19.0
19.0
7.0
7.0
10.0
19.0
7.0
25.0
13.0
37.0
20.0
7.0
20.0
22.0
26.0
24.0
23.0
29.0
35.0
10.0
27.0
28.0
38.0
9.8
30.0
24.0
31.0
28.0
53.0*
Zn
29
40
23
50
63
43
22
74
74
31
64
51
57
45
57
62
73
70
16
26
39
57
29
82
54
86
54
6
80
79
89
86
66
98*
110*
40
97*
79
110*
21
42
54
64
83
79
-------
66
Appendix 3. (Continued)
Station
number
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
Lake St.
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
Jurisdiction
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
C
A
C
C
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
C
C
C
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
Clair
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
Hg
0.01 t
0.01 t
0.01 t
0.03 t
0.00 t
0.01 t
0.01 t
0.00 t
0.00 t
0.18
0.49*
0.42*
0.00 t
0.12
0.04
0.06
0.05
0.47*
0.06
0.42*
0.52*
0.60*
0.55*
0.02 t
0.03 t
0.39*
0.18
0.17
0.04 t
0.02 t
0.02 t
0.03 t
0.08
0.02 t
0.00 t
0.08
0.04 t
0.01 t
0.02 t
0.02 t
0.01 t
0.01 t
0.45*
0.20
0.07
Cd
0.60
0.40
0.70
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.60
0.60
1.00*
0.40
0.60
0.50
0.30
0.20
0.40
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.20
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.40
0.20
0.30
1.20*
0.40
0.30
0.60
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.20
1.00*
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
1.40*
Co
3.8
6.8
4.8
4.4
8.1
4.9
6.2
4.4
3.4
8.5
7.0
5.5
7.6
7.1
3.5
5.1
2.7
4.4
8.4
4.4
2.8
3.1
3.0
3.3
4.8
3.1
4.8
4.0
6.5
4.8
5.2
5.4
4.4
4.3 \
3.9
6.5
7.1
4.5
7.8
4.0
4.7
4.3
4.7
2.1
4.0
Cr
8.2
15.0
8.6
9.2
13.0
11.0
13.0
9.3
6.7
15.0
13.0
12.0
12.0
15.0
7.4
9.1
5.2
8.0
15.0
10.0
6.5
6.6
6.8
7.0
11.0
6.0
10.0
8.6
13.0
8.2
6.6
9.8
7.8
7.5
6.2
12.0
25.0*
11.0
10.0
7.7
8.2
8.0
8.0
4.2
14.0
Cu
45.0*
43.0*
38.0*
42.0*
31.0*
27.0*
40.0*
23.0
21.0
31.0*
34.0*
29.0*
19.0
15.0
12.0
11.0
10.0
9.9
20.0
16.0
7.1
10.0
8.2
8.0
20.0
9.4
18.0
13.0
25.0*
17.0
6.2
14.0
14.0
13.0
5.5
19.0
27.0*
8.0
9.2
6.8
5.5
7.0
13.0
3.0
25.0*
Ni
10.0
18.0
13.0
12.0
20.0*
14.0
17.0
12.0
8.2
24.0*
19.0
14.0
21.0*
17.0
8.4
11.0
6.2
9.4
20.0*
12.0
5.9
6.3
7.0
7.0
13.0
6.4
12.0
9.9
18.0
12.0
8.6
12.0
9.3
9.6
7.4
15.0
33.0*
14.0
15.0
8.0
10.0
9.0
13.0
4.0
11.0
Pb
28.0
38.0
50.0*
27.0
31.0
27.0
33.0
25.0
24.0
63.0*
92.0*
85.0*
17.0
32.0
7.6
9.4
7.0
19.0
26.0
22.0
21.0
20.0
18.0
7.2
17.0
14.0
18.0
15.0
19.0
10.0
8.1
14.0
10.0
11.0
7.0
15.0
50.0*
19.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
11.0
14.0
7.0
39.0
Zn
81
91*
90*
79
91*
64
94*
57
48
67
87
77
59
51
46
310*
37
34
74
50
29
41
36
28
58
33
56
49
73
47
31
48
58
56
20
62
130*
46
40
35
38
35
45
19
67
-------
67
Appendix 3. (Continued)
Station Jurisdiction
number
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
Detroit River
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
A
C
C
C
C
A
A
C
C
C
C
A
A
C
C
C
C
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
A
C
C
C
C
Hg
0.30*
2.71*
0.05
0.04
0.15
0.06
0.25
2.02*
0.36*
0.03
0.03 t
0.18
0.06
0.62*
0.82*
0.47*
0.00 t
0.39*
0.61*
0.32*
0.13
0.17
0.02 t
0.10
0.09
0.04
0.06
0.03 t
0.38*
0.30*
0.13
0.04 t
0.29
0.30*
0.17
0.14
0.31*
0.46*
0.20
0.31*
Cd
0.80
0.40
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
3.20*
0.20
0.20
0.40
0.20
0.20
0.20
4.70*
0.80
1.00*
0.80
1.20*
Co
6.4
6.6
2.2
1.7
3.5
5.3
7.3
6.7
5.4
4.0
3.5
4.4
7.0
8.4
9.5
6.8
3.8
3.8
7.9
7.4
7.2
5.1
5.5
1.6
3.3
1.9
4.1
3.8
7.4
3.1
2.3
6.0
5.0
3.4
4.3
8.9
4.9
7.7
6.3
7.0
Cr
16.0
17.0
5.3
4.3
13.0
13.0
17.0
17.0
13.0
5.9
8.0
13.0
14.0
23.0
26.0*
19.0
8.5
9.0
21.0
24.0
18.0
12.0
13.0
3.3
7.4
2.8
9.6
7.6
39.0*
6.0
4.8
15.0
12.0
8.9
8.4
130.0*
14.0
38.0*
20.0
22.0
Cu
20.0
30.0*
2.3
2.1
9.2
11.0
24.0
23.0
9.8
2.1
6.3
13.0
15.0
23.0
29.0*
22.0
5.4
5.5
23.0
19.0
17.0
9.1
12.0
2.3
4.6
1.4
7.1
4.8
93.0*
8.4
3.3
22.0
13.0
4.9
8.0
150.0*
39.0*
30.0*
25.0*
57.0*
Ni
17.0
19.0
4.7
3.8
11.0
16.0
22.0*
20.0*
13.0
7.0
8.0
15.0
17.0
25.0*
30.0*
22.0*
7.5
10.0
24.0*
23.0*
22.0*
14.0
16.0
4.4
7.3
4.9
11.0
9.4
33.0*
8.9
6.1
17.0
14.0
9.2
11.0
55.0*
15.0
32.0*
21.0*
22.0*
Pb
28.0
29.0
7.0
7.0
10.0
24.0
29.0
31.0
21.0
7.0
7.0
26.0
14.0
31.0
34.0
30.0
11.0
7.0
37.0
28.0
24.0
12.0
15.0
7.0
9.0
7.0
8.5
7.0
200.0*
7.2
7.2
32.0
17.0
8.3
13.0
340.0*
100.0*
46.0*
48.0*
150.0*
Zn
62
73
23
18
29
53
70
67
45
30
23
61
55
76
91*
67
37
34
72
63
60
39
49
11
39
16
34
33
210*
34
21
70
49
39
48
550*
150*
110*
120*
420*
-------
68
Appendix 3. (Continued)
Station
number
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
Jurisdiction
A
C
C
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
C
A
A
C
Hg
0.43*
1.12*
0.35*
0.16
0.27
0.29
0.22
0.17
0.32*
0.63*
0.22
0.65*
0.30*
0.09
55.80*
0.48*
0.11
1.16*
0.11
0.16
3.45*
0.18
0.88*
0.07
0.47*
0.62*
0.08
0.66*
0.20
0.07
0.39*
0.91*
0.80*
0.18
0.79*
Cd
2.20*
0.90
0.80
0.40
3.30*
0.50
0.30
0.30
1.10*
0.30
0.20
0.20
1.70*
0.20
33.00*
1.20*
0.30-
4.90*
0.20
0.60
7.80*
0.70
2.10*
0.50
1.60*
4.60*
0.80
1.00*
0.20
0.40
1.20*
0.30
5.30*
1.10*
0.20
Co
5.8
8.0
8.6
4.8
6.6
6.0
5.3
4.6
6.7
3.1
6.6
8.0
7.2
3.5
11.0
5.9
3.8
7.1
6.0
5.7
11,0
4.2
9.1
3.6
8.2
7.4
4.4
8.2
4.2
3.9
7.7
9.5
7.1
5.5
9.8
Cr
59.0*
25.0*
29.0*
12.0
58.0*
20.0
13.0
12.0
32.0*
8.0
12.0
24.0
47.0*
7.8
180.0*
27.0*
9.5
92.0*
' 15.0
20.0
260.0*
21.0
40.0*
14.0
53.0*
70.0*
25.0*
32.0*
11.0
11.0
35.0*
26.0*
69.0*
25.0*
27.0*
Cu
130.0*
30.0*
34.0*
13.0
100.0*
20.0
10.0
14.0
33.0*
8.0
12.0
24.0
40.0*
8.2
120.0*
23.0
11.0
80.0*
13.0
14.0
130.0*
14.0
67.0*
13.0
51.0*
68.0*
20.0
39.0*
13.0
7.1
37.0*
33.0*
59.0*
24.0
31.0*
Ni
56.0*
28.0*
33.0*
14.0
38.0*
18.0
13.0
14.0
28.0*
10.0
15.0
29.0*
40.0*
10.0
66.0*
22.0*
12.0
62.0*
15.0
17.0
130.0*
16.0
38.0*
13.0
34.0*
35.0*
18.0
30.0*
11.0
12.0
27.0*
32.0*
50.0*
19.0
31.0*
Pb
140.0*
55.0*
46.0*
23.0
110.0*
26.0
11.0
24.0
55.0*
11.0
14.0
37.0
53.0*
12.0
360.0*
34.0
21.0
150.0*
14.0
22.0
280.0*
26.0
76.0*
29.0
65.0*
71.0*
35.0
48.0*
16.0
11.0
46.0*
43.0*
79.0*
30.0
41.0*
Zn
200*
130*
160*
64
340*
93*
43
51
140*
34
42
78
170*
31
5300*
120*
55
820*
44
96*
750*
88
380*
58
210*
240*
110*
140*
49
42
140*
100*
480*
99*
99*
-------
69
Appendix 4. Concentrations of organic contaminants (mg/kg) in sediments at 250 stations in the upper Great Lakes connecting
channels in June 1985. The letter designation following the station number indicates whether the station was located in U.S.
(A) or Canadian (C) waters. Values with an asterisk (*) exceed U.S. guidelines for moderately polluted sodiments (oil and
cyanide) or Canadian guidelines for polluted sediments (total PCB). Analytical results below the guideline of detection for a
particular method are followed by a *t* code in conformance with established procedures for reporting low level data.
Station
number
St Marys
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Juris-
diction
River
C
C
C
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
C
C
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
C
C
A
A
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
A
A
Oil
300 t
9320*
368 t
8960*
975 t
308 t
801
999 t
1330*
Ot
5420*
3440*
6500*
150 t
17t
Ot
563 t
Ot
Ot
1520*
400 t
937 t
Ot
3720*
791
Ot
278 t
809
2010*
1370*
188 t
536 t
579 t
949 t
Ot
805
66 t
Ot
Ot
44t
Total
PCB
0.000
0.362*
0.076*
0.092*
0.025
0.000
0.026
0.053*
0.000
0.020
0.026
0.032
0.068*
0.020
0.020
0.000
0.099*
0.025
0.020
0.041
0.000
0.051*
0.056*
0.025
0.000
0.000
0.023
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.070*
0.041
0.065*
0.000
0.000
0.074*
0.090*
Aroclor
1242
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
' 0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Aroclor
1248
0.000
0.174
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.066
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.070
0.041
0.065
0.000
0.000
0.074
0.090
Aroclor
1254
0.000
0.188
0.076
0.092
0.025 t
0.000
0.026
0.053
0.000
0.020
0.026
0.032
0.068
0.020
0.020
0.000
0.033-"
0.025
0.020
0.041
0.000
0.051
0.056
0.025
0.000
0.000
0.023
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Aroclor
1260
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Phenol
0.0 t
8.2
0.1 t
11.0
0.1 t
0.0 t
0.2 t
0.2 t
0.3
0.1 t
0.3
0.1 t
0.8
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.8
0.0 t
0.1 t
0.0 t
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.3 t
0.1 t
0.5
0.4
0.1 t
2.4
0.4
0.1 t
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.2 t
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
Cyanide
0.0 t
3.3 t*
0.0 t
2.7 *
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.2 t*
0.4 t*
0.2 t*
0.1 t*
0.6 t*
0.3 t*
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.2 t*
0.2 t*
0.2 t*
0.0 t
1.6 *
0.0 t
0.7 t*
0.4 t*
0.2 t*
0.0 t
0.3 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
2.8 *
0.8 t*
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.4 t*
2.9 *
0.1 t*
0.5 *
0.2 t*
0.1 t*
0.2 t*
0.1 t*
-------
70
Appendix 4. (Continued)
Station
number
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
Juris-
diction
A
A
C
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
C
C
A
A
C
C
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
C
A
Oil
172 t
222 t
364 t
641
320 t
724
441 t
328 t
284 t
256 t
581 t
Ot
156 t
311 t
205 t
1750*
798
54t
5090*
320 t
Ot
235 t
236 t
537 t
10800*
347 t
574 t
191 t
501 t
510 t
1200*
16500*
211 t
217t
442 t
434 t
479 t
619 t
573 t
313 t
47 t
Ot
Ot
Ot
95 t
Total
PCB
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.039
0.000
0.049
0.056*
0.040
0.000
0.000
0.056*
0.000
0.000
0.020
0.046
0.101*
0.055*
3.306*
0.061*
0.049
0.035
0.033
0.050*
0.034
0.070*
0.086*
0.031
0.125*
0.054*
0.123*
0.145*
0.052*
0.041
0.077*
0.098*
0.031
0.035
0.045
0.043
0.049
Aroclor
1242
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Aroclor
1248
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.056
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.020 t
0.046
0.101
0.055
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.125
0.054
0.123
0.145
0.052
0.041
0.077
0.098
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.049
Aroclor
1254
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.039
0.000
0.049
0.000
0.040
0.000
0.000
0.056
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2.240
0.061
0.049
0.035
0.033
0.050
0.034
0.070
0.086
0.031
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.031
0.035
0.045
0.043
0.000
Aroclor
1260
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.066
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Phenol
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.1
0.1
0.1 t
0.2
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.0 t
0.2 t
0.9
0.3
0.6
0.1
0.3
0.1 t
0.1
0.1 t
0.2 t
0.2
1.8
0.2
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.0 t
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.0 t
0.1 t
1.2
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1 t
0.4
1.3
0.3
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.1 t
0.5
Cyanide
0.4 t*
0.3 t*
0.1 t*
0.2 t*
0.1 t*
0.2 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.2 t*
0.2 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.2 t*
1.4 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.3 t*
0.2 t*
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.3 t*
0.3 t*
0.2 t*
0.2 t*
0.0 t
0.3 t*
0.31*
0.5 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.2 t*
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.0 t
-------
71
Appondix 4. (Continued)
Station
number
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
St. Clair
126
127
128
129
130
Juris-
diction
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
River
A
C
C
A
C
Oil
222 t
499 t
Ot
Ot
Ot
Ot
Ot
Ot
951
137 t
Ot
Ot
369 t
Ot
235 t
343 t
364 t
310 t
122 t
Ot
set
Ot
47 t
29 t
146 t
Ot
144 t
273 t
410 t
1066*
1129*
10131*
438
1250
744
454
424
266
505
159
6
44
289
291
2730
Total
PCB
0.038
0.033
0.033
0.098*
0.107*
0.055*
0.047
0.085*
0.097*
0.029
0.041
0.030
0.029
0.035
0.037
0.036
0.035
0.031
0.035
0.035
0.036
0.031
0.025
0.040
0.028
0.041
0.029
0.024
0.047
0.052*
0.045
0.045
t
t*
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
*
Aroclor
1242
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.031
0.039
0.032
0.035
0.031
0.034
0.036
0.023
0.000
0.030
0.048
0.048
0.075*
Aroclor
1248
0.038
0.033
0.033
0.052
0.057
0.055
0.047
0.044
0.056
0.029
0.1 t
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.035
0.035
0.036
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.024
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Aroclor
1254
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.046
0.050
0.000
0.000
0.041
0.041
0.000
0.1 t*
0.030
0.029
0.035
0.037
0.036
0.035
0.031
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.031
0.025
0.040
0.028
0.041
0.029
0.000
0.047
0.052
0.045
0.045
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Aroclor
1260
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.031
0.039
0.032
0.035
0.031
0.034
0.036
0.023
0.000
0.030 t
0.048
0.048
0.075
Phenol
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.1 t
0.4
0.0 t
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.1 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.8
0.2
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.2 t
0.2
0.0 t
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.0 t
0.1 t
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Cyanide
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.3 t*
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.7 t*
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.3 t*
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.2 t*
0.2 t*
0.2 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.2 t*
0.4 t*
0X2 t*
0031 t*
0023 1*
00131*
O.B.6*
coint*
ooint*
CD11tt*
ODOOtt
cooott
aoio t
o.«t*
aoaot
-------
72
Appendix 4. (Continued)
Station
number
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
Lake St.
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
Juris-
diction
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
C
A
C
C
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
C
C
C
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
Clair
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
Oil
293 1
221 t
209 t
265 t
215 t
244 t
641
277 t
191 t
208 t
499 t
224 t
232 1
3130*
49 t
155 t
77t
478
95 t
194 t
183 t
Ot
108 1
14 t
212 t
41 t
143 t
346 t
273 t
321 t
189 t
272 t
189 t
216 t
231 t
135 t
342 t
229 t
Ot
152 t
Ot
7t
287 t
96 t
610
Total
PCB
0.078*
0.088*
0.000
0.108*
0.000
0.069*
0.127*
0.059*
0.040
0.074*
0.125*
0.073*
0.070*
0.034
0.037
0.068*
0.050*
0.055*
0.044
0.073*
0.030
0.051*
0.030
0.030
0.043
0.035
0.042
0.039
0.045
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.036
0.030
0.075*
0.200*
0.080*
0.000
0.000
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.000
0.200*
Aroclor
1242
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Aroclor
1248
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.045
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.036
0.030 t
0.040
0.000
0.030 t
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.120
Aroclor
1254
0.078
0.088
0.000
0.108
0.000
0.069
0.127
0.059
0.040
0.074
0.125
0.073
0.070
0.034
0.037
0.068
0.050
0.055
0.044
0.073
0.030 t
0.051
0.030 t
0.030 t
0.043
0.035
0.042
0.039
0.000
0.030 t
0.030 t
0.030 t
0.030 t
0.000
0.000
0.035
0.200
0.050
0.000
0.000
0.030 t
0.0301
0.030 t
0.000
0.080
Aroclor
1260
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0,000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Phenol
0.9
1.5
0.4
0.8
0.3
0.2 t
0.2 t
0.2 t
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.1 t
0.3
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.2 t
0.2 t
0.6
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.2 t
0.4
0.4
2.4
0.4
0.9
0.5
0.4
0.0 t
0.8
0.0 t
0.3
2.8
0.4
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.8
0.9
0.2
1.3
Cyanide
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.2 t*
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.1 r
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.1 r
0.8 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
-------
73
Appendix 4. (Continued)
Station
number
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
Detroit Ri
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
Juris-
diction
A
C
C
C
C
A
A
C
C
C
C
A
A
C
C
C
C
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
ver
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
A
C
C
C
C
A
C
C
C
A
Oil
2421
597
146 t
45 t
Ot
99 t
247 t
307 t
82 t
Ot
69 t
310 t
99 t
Ot
162 t
110t
Ot
Ot
91 t
29 t
83 t
112t
637
26 t
186 t
Ot
140 t
220 t
2490*
217 t
289 t
564 t
250 t
161 t
124 t
6660*
471
509 t
857
1210*
2660*
716 t
38 t
253 t
3390*
Total
PCB
0.030
0.071*
0.000
0.000
0.030
0.042
0.075*
0.039
0.030
0.000
0.030
0.062*
0.030
0.044
0.041
0.045
0.030
0.030
0.042
0.039
0.058*
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.000
0.030
0.030
0.358*
0.032
0.000
0.105*
0.030
0.030
0.000
5.410*
0.165*
0.074*
0.249*
0.153*
4.000*
0.300*
0.231*
0.135*
1.038*
Aroclor
1242
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Aroclor
1248
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.043
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.062
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.169
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.053
0.000
0.141
0.083
0.740
0.150
0.106
0.092
0.186
Aroclor
1254
0.030 t
0.071
0.000
0.000
0.030 t
0.042
0.032
0.039
0.0301
0.000
0.0301
0.000
0.030 t
0.044
0.041
0.045
0.030 t
0.030 t
0.042
0.039
0.058
0.0301
0.030 t
0.030 t
0.030 t
0.000
0.030 t
0.030 t
0.000
0.032
0.000
0.105 t
0.030 t
0.030 t
0.000
1.900
0.112
0.074
0.108
0.070
0.960
0.150
0.125
0.043
0.466
Aroclor
1260
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.189
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
3.510
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2.300
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.386
Phenol
0.9
0.5
0.1
0.0 t
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.3
0.1 t
0.2 t
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1 t
0.0 t
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.3
0.1 t
0.6
1.1
0.7
0.9
0.6
0.6
1.1
1.1
0.9
0.4
0.2 t
Cyanide
0.2 t*
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.6 t*
0.5 t*
0.6 t*
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.5 t*
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.1 *
0.0 t
2.0 *
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.0 t
0.4 t*
-------
74
Appendix 4. (Continued)
number
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
Juris-
diction
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
C
A
A
C
Oil
408 t
91 t
413 t
1290*
46 t
140 t
297 t
1270*
160 t
24100*
263 t
118t
2130*
312 t
173 t
13300*
305 t
840 t
14t
2260*
1980*
264 t
1210*
124 t
3871
448 t
1701
370 t
430 t
134 t
Total
PCS
0.053*
0.000
0.074*
0.707*
0.099*
0.083*
0.136*
0.443*
0.041
2.363*
0.310*
0.132*
2.152*
0.146*
0.202*
9.130*
0.000
0.322*
0.336*
0.702*
0.795*
0.400*
0.350*
0.957*
0.200*
0.344*
0.154*
0.287*
0.359*
0.178*
Aroclor
1242
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Aroclor
1248
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.122
0.056
0,049
0.076
0.000
0.000
0.519
0.103
0.067
0.000
0.085
0.105
7.166
0.000
0.170
0.130
0.109
0.165
0.000
0.088
0.457
0.141
0.089
0.094
0.000
0.105
0.107
Aroclor
1254
0.053
0.000
0.074
0.000
0.043
0.034
0.060
0.258
0.041
1.130
0.127
0.000
1.300
0.061
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.152
0.135
0.389
0.393
0.200
0.176
0.000
0.000
0.147
0.060
0.166
0.150
0.071
Aroclor
1260
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.585
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.185
0.000
0.714
0.080
0.065
0.852
0.000
0.097
1.964
0.000
0.000
0.071
0.204
0.237
0.200
0.086
0.500
0.059
0.108
0.000
0.121
0.104
0.000
Phenol
0.4
0.3
0.2 t
0.2 t
0.2 t
0.2 t
0.2 t
0.2 t
0.2
0.1 t
0.2 t
0.4
0.2 t
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.4 t
0.2 t
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.0 t
0.1 t
0.2 t
0.1 t
0.1 t
0.0 t
0.6
Cyanide
0.1 *
0.1 *
0.2 t*
0.2 t*
0.0 t
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
0.2 t*
0.0 t
6.4 *
0.1 t*
0.1 t*
1.0 *
0.1 t*
0.2 t*
15.7 *
0.2 t*
0.2 t*
0.2 t*
0.9 t*
1.0 *
0.5 t*
0.4 t*
0.1 t*
0.2 t*
0.5 t*
0.2 t*
2.0 *
0.2 t*
0.1 t*
-------
75
Appendix 5. Sediment grain size distribution and percent total solids and volatile solids in sediments at 250 stetions in the upper
Great Lakes connecting channels in June 1985, The letter designation following the station number indicates whether the station
was located in U.S. (A) or Canadian (C) waters. Values with an asterisk (*) exceed U.S. guidelines for moderately polluted
sediments (volatile solids). Dash (-) means no data. Sediment grain sizes are reported as%of total mass retained on each sieve
size, or passed by a number 200 mesh sieve.
Sieve size
Station
number and 3/8
jurisdiction
4
10
16
28
50
100
200
200
(passed)
Total
%
Total
solids
Volatile
solids
St Marys River
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
C
C
C
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
C
C
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
C
C
A
A
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
A
A
0.0
.
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
.
0.1
1.8
0.1
0.2
0.5
1.4
1.0
0.7
1.3
0.3
2.3
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.8
0.1
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.3
2.2
0.1
17.7
21.8
2.1
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.3
.
0.1
5.1
0.2
0.4
0.5
1.0
2.0
1.3
2.3
0.2
5.8
0.2
0.0
0.1
3.6
0.8
0.1
0.6
0.4
0.7
9.4
0.1
0.3
5.4
0.1
0.1
10.4
0.7
0.2
5.0
4.8
21.2
8.1
0.5
0.8
0.0
0.1
3.6
1.5
.
0.3
20.2
0.5
1.0
0.4
7.4
0.5
1.5
1.9
0.6
15.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
3.7
3.9
0.2
1.2
0.6
5.7
3.0
0.8
1.2
5.6
0.2
0.3
11.6
8.0
0.8
3.1
2.2
6.9
4.1
1.0
0.5
0.1
0.5
5.0
5.5
.
3.2
9.5
20.5
14.6
3.5
8.0
0.7
3.6
4.9
2.5
7.8
28.9
4.5
0.2
11.5
6.3
1.5
5.0
5.3
8.7
5.0
15.3
13.3
4.6
1.8
2.9
16.8
3.7
17.4
8.9
29.6
5.9
10.6
12.3
2.0
3.2
0.7
3.1
6.4
.
46.4
9.7
54.9
42.7
44.3
15.7
5.8
33.9
10.2
9.4
8.9
46.9
42.5
38.5
9.6
9.9
17.8
16.3
7.7
12.6
13.3
54.1
82.4
7.0
16.7
40.8
16.0
5.4
39.9
16.7
16.0
8.9
17.8
11.0
63.6
76.7
1.8
6.8
14.8
.
17.7
21.7
16.4
27.6
23.9
22.0
26.8
33.1
30.1
44.3
18.8
7.6
31.3
46.3
23.2
33.3
41.3
26.8
27.4
17.0
19.1
16.8
2.4
20.3
31.8
25.8
13.4
26.5
22.7
25.3
29.2
18.4
30.2
24.5
28.3
16.7
55.3
19.2
71.0
-
32.1
32.0
7.3
13.6
26.9
44.5
63.1
26.0
49.3
42.7
39.5
15.8
21.5
14.7
48.3
45.7
38.8
49.6
58.0
55.0
49.6
11.5
0.1
56.4
49.2
30.1
30.4
56.4
18.6
38.7
18.2
21.0
7.2
48.5
2.6
3.2
41.7
61.6
100.1
-
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.1
100.0
100.0
99.9
100.1
100.0
100.0
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.1
99.9
99.9
100.1
99.9
99.9
100.0
99.9
99.9
100.0
100.1
99.9
100.1
99.7
100.7
99.9
100.0
100.1
100.0
99.8
99.9
100.1
99.9
100.1
99.5
49.22
15.82
62.65
22.23
29.58
54.93
58.67
34.44
60.45
56.33
32.13
38.53
21.70
63.27
59.25
62.90
60.41
52.85
65.85
46.88
34.14
42.06
27.09
69.20
75.45
34.71
67.43
63.63
27.37
43.92
62.91
56.35
39.34
26.56
48.62
43.04
68.19
67.36
67.13
64.68
3.08
17.62*
1.57
13.42*
5.17*
4.16
1.84
8.77*
8.29*
3.48
15.07*
8.24*
13.94*
1.25
1.85
1.00
2.56
2.73
1.48
7.70*
7.86*
3.88
7.58*
0.98
0.25
6.51*
1.44
1.15
7.40*
4.47
1.57
2.31
3.48
9.21*
2.26
4.03
0.67
0.66
0.85
1.65
-------
76
Appendix 5. (Continued)
Sieve size
Station
number and 3/8
jurisdiction
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
A
A
C
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
C
C
A
A
C
C
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
C
A
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
1.0
2.0
0.0
0.7
0.0.
0.8
1.2
2.0
1.2
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.6
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.8
2.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
10
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
1.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
11.2
1.4
3.6
6.8
23.2
10.2
0.3
9.2
17.0
22.2
16.2
37.0
8.6
5.6
19.4
17.6
0.5
8.3
8.0
2.9
18.4
4.4
9.2
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2
16
2.3
0.1
0.3
0.1
2.3
0.1
0.1
1.8
0.8
2.3
1.4
5.6
3.6
0.6
3.2
20.4
5.8
9.6
5.2
19.6
7.8
0.1
2.4
7.4
5.6
3.4
17.4
2.2
5.6
16.6
13.8
0.2
3.0
5.0
1.0
10.6
1.7
7.6
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.4
28
4.2
1.5
0.6
0.2
2.4
0.1
0.1
2.4
5.6
8.0
10.4
8.2
15.0
2.6
10.0
20.4
6.4
8.8
5.2
22.0
10.0
1.6
21.4
15.6
11.6
10.2
16.0
12.6
22.0
17.2
26.6
3.4
12.0
16.6
6.5
20.0
9.2
17.0
0.6
2.0
0.2
0.6
1.6
1.6
0.8
50
2.2
1.4
2.0
0.2
4.2
2.9
0.2
15.5
5.6
25.4
12.2
4.8
29.0
3.0
11.6
13.2
4.2
5.0
10.2
11.6
5.8
30.1
20.4
6.6
5.8
4.2
8.0
10.8
13.2
8.2
14.2
10.5
10.4
11.2
4.3
19.4
9.8
9.6
0.8
2.6
0.2
14.4
2.4
17.0
12.4
100
2.2
6.6
48.0
43.0
4.7
15.5
29.9
58.4
4.0
42.9
10.0
16.4
24.6
11.6
12.0
8.8
8.0
5.6
52.2
7.2
7.4
62.8
11.6
4.2
5.8
1.2
6.8
8.2
12.0
4.0
6.8
53.4
7.7
6.4
28.5
13.8
20.1
7.4
1.4
7.8
3.2
18.4
7.0
47.4
20.8
200
31.9
58.0
32.3
44.9
21.2
54.8
60.2
19.7
30.2
10.2
18.4
50.8
8.0
34.2
20.2
7.2
45.8
28.0
13.0
5.2
18.0
3.2
12.6
13.4
10.6
8.0
3.4
17.0
15.6
5.8
6.0
14.7
8.3
12.8
22.9
11.8
16.8
9.4
20.0
21.0
32.4
26.2
19.0
23.2
36.0
200
(passed)
56.9
32.4
16.6
11.5
65.2
26.2
9.4
1.9
52.8
10.5
47.6
12.4
16.8
47.2
41.8
16.4
27.8
39.0
5.4
6.8
39.4
0.3
21.4
33.0
36.8
53.4
13.0
40.4
18.0
27.8
12.4
16.5
49.3
39.8
33.6
6.2
36.8
41.8
69.0
64.8
60.4
40.2
68.6
10.2
27.6
Total
%
99.9
100.0
99.9
99.9
100.0
99.6
100.1
100.0
99.2
99.7
100.2
99.6
99.0
99.2
98.8
97.6
99.8
99.6
99.0
97.6
98.6
99.1
99.0
96.0
99.6
98.6
102.8
99.8
92.4
99.0
98.0
99.2
100.0
100.8
99.7
101.0
100.8
102.4
91.8
99.8
96.4
100.0
99.4
99.6
100.2
Total
solids
68.49
66.08
68.72
67.42
65.93
63.83
60.96
66.69
65.73
69.18
39.41
63.32
66.50
63.05
64.69
25.97
66.67
63.42
65.31
34.93
60.85
72.02
47.43
47.46
52.42
55.14
52.94
65.80
39.93
42.11
28.39
71.19
67.16
52.54
64.48
59.13
65.40
47.31
54.21
45.93
62.76
61.79
46.44
59.80
52.09
Volatile
solids
1.27
0.67
1.01
1.33
1.78
1.04
0.67
1.25
1.98
1.18
3.88
1.38
1.09
1.06
1.36
7.05*
1.13
1.33
1.07
25.85*
1.39
0.66
3.03
2.91
2.10
2.96
2.91
1.82
3.37
4.25
6.04*
1.01
1.56
2.75
1.75
1.83
1.69
3.11
3.76
3.10
1.86
1.70
3.26
2.35
3.14
-------
77
Appendix 5. (Continued)
Sieve size
Station
number and 3/8
jurisdiction
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4 .
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4
0.0
0.0
4.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.6
0.0
0.2
0.8
1.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.8
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
16
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.8
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.3
0.0
28
5.9
0.4
2.1
2.0
8.3
0.4
1.1
13.6
21.8
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.4
4.2
0.6
0.5
1.5
0.5
0.5
2.8
1.4
0.4
6.7
1.1
0.4
1.0
4.8
0.1
0.3
0.3
1.0
0.5
0.6
1.0
1.4
0.6
2.0
0.6
1.0
0.3
50
31.8
4.8
16.1
1.8
28.6
8.0
15.5
19.6
27.0
10,1
4.0
5.0
4.0
30.5
1.4
3.0
3.5
3.5
7.4
30.7
6.2
3.4
13.2
6.0
5.8
11.0
9.0
5.6
5.3
4.0
5.0
9.8
4.4
5.0
7.4
19.8
10.0
4.0
5.7
8.8
100
35.9
23.4
22.8
8.0
24.2
23.2
45.6
25.2
20.0
22.7
8.0
13.0
12.6
23.3
7.6
12.5
12.5
10.5
31.5
25.8
10.6
13.2
10.2
14.9
14.8
13.0
21.6
50.4
17.3
20.3
14.3
25.0
26.0
15.5
19.1
34.2
22.8
14.0
17.3
43.0
200
22.4
59.8
13.6
19.2
28.5
45.8
26.4
27.2
22.0
41.2
13.2
21.2
22.6
29.9
29.0
22.8
35.8
24.0
46.1
18.3
21.4
26.2
36.5
31.4
25.4
37.5
40.2
34.0
35.7
29.7
25.7
25.8
25.6
36.0
29.7
19.6
30.0
29.4
37.0
38.3
200 Total
(passed) %
4.0
11.4
39.8
67.2
10.2
21.8
10.6
11.2
8.8
26.4
72.4
58.4
60.2
10.0
61.0
60.5
44.5
61.0
14.3
22.0
58.8
56.2
32.9
45.7
52.6
35.5
20.6
9.7
40.4
44.3
62.0
41.2
49.0
43.0
42.3
26.0
35.5
51.7
39.0
9.5
100.2
99.8
99.7
98.8
100.1
99.6
99.8
100.2
100.0
101.4
99.0
99.8
100.2
99.8
99.8
100.3
99.8
99.5
99.8
100.0
99.8
99.8
100.2
99.1
100.0
99.0
99.0
99.8
99.0
98.9
109.0
102.3
106.2
101.0
100.2
100.2
101.3
100.0
100.3
99.9
Total
solids
66.57
61.80
57.13
47.54
54.42
45.32
67.28
47.91
60.37
71.39
44.32
47.90
52.12
68.67
45.04
37.82
35.46
39.04
71.46
73.16
50.03
43.96
62.99
34.60
49.25
34.57
48.30
67.20
32.62
33.56
30.08
31.56
39.23
27.29
27.71
47.36
29.50
31.95
29.66
69.17
Volatile
solids
1.56
2.39
1.96
2.89
3.62
4.63
1.55
3.83
2.57
1.25
3.75
2.75
2.96
2.05
3.31
4.09
4.42
4.32
1.22
1.58
2.83
3.06
1.95
4.37
3.31
4.38
3.90
0.64
4.74
3.91
4.85
4.12
3.19
5.00*
4.79
1.94
4.17
4.58
4.47
1.24
St. Clair River
126
127
128
129
130
A
C
C
A
C
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.3
9.7
12.5
0.0
0.3
1.0
2.0
4.8
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.6
13.9
0.5
0.3
0.5
6.1
25.3
1.6
0.6
1.2
13.0
34.5
33.6
10.1
6.7
16.0
3.2
36.6
43.0
61.2
17.1
2.7
26.8
45.4
28.7
32.0
99.7
99.1
99.8
99.9
99.8
84.30
65.88
56.02
60.06
58.72
0.23
1.11
1.98
2.27
2.81
-------
78
Appendix 5. (Continued)
Sieve size
Station
number and 3/8
jurisdiction
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
Lake
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
C
A
C
C
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
C
C
C
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
St.
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Clair
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10
0.1
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.6
0.2
3.1
0.5
0.1
3.5
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.7
0.5
0.2
0.9
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
1.8
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
16
0.1
1.6
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.1
2.5
0.2
0.1
2.6
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
28
0.2
1.8
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.3
2.5
0.6
0.2
7.1
0.8
0.3
7.7
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.3
1.9
0.4
0.2
0.7
0.4
0.2
1.7
0.5
1.5
0.1
0.5
0.4
7.7
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.2
SO
0.6
3.2
0.6
0.6
2.4
0.9
7.6
1.2
7.8
11.9
10.1
1.8
18.2
13.0
6.8
42.1
2.9
18.2
6.6
1.5
0.8
2.2
0.6
4.4
1.0
1.1
0.6
1.0
2.1
2.7
0.6
5.9
3.5
1.2
25.7
2.7
2.3
0.4
24.5
0.9
29.2
0.9
1.0
2.9
2.0
100
7.9
5.2
41.7
5.3
59.1
6.6
23.4
15.2
63.5
38.8
31.1
35.9
31.9
43.6
26.2
29.6
41.5
39.2
26.6
27.9
37.8
18.0
37.8
16.8
12.4
17.9
2.8
8.7
6.2
27.4
5.9
12.7
7.4
2.6
46.9
6.0
5.0
17.9
46.5
9.2
40.8
4.7
10.9
56.1
42.6
200
52.0
14.8
42.7
58.6
24.2
75.3
49.6
71.6
17.9
34.1
46.7
46.3
33.6
35.1
53.5
10.0
38.9
37.6
53.4
40.5
48.7
69.7
50.7
65.5
60.6
70.5
66.6
74.8
61.2
52.9
66.6
48.3
61.3
74.5
16.1
45.8
57.3
46.2
20.0
72.4
16.2
73.1
69.4
34.6
48.0
200 Total
(passed) %
38.6
72.2
14,7
35.1
13.4
15.4
15.5
11.9
10.0
9.0
10.3
16.0
3.2
5.9
12.5
4.3
16.4
4.1
12.0
29.6
12.4
9.6
10.8
12.9
25.4
10.1
28.2
14.4
27.6
15.8
26.5
31.3
27.3
21.4
9.6
43.3
31.1
35.5
8.6
17.1
6.0
20.9
18.3
6.2
7.1
99.6
99.4
100.0
99.8
100.1
99.5
97.1
100.0
99.5
99.7
99.8
100.5
99.6
99.5
99.9
99.8
100.1
99.7
99.8
100.4
100.2
99.9
100.0
99.8
100.0
99.7
99.5
100.3
99.4
100.2
99.8
100.0
99.9
99.9
100.0
100.3
99.9
100.1
100.3
100.0
100.5
100.0
100.4
100.1
99.9
Total
solids
67.34
45.17
70.64
64.04
72.97
64.64
64.37
70.06
76.60
66.62
65.59
66.27
75.79
58.43
65.90
76.82
7C.31
71.13
60.98
54.00
66.56
69.85
6S.46
67.34
62.47
65.79
60.38
55.75
53.14
66.54
68.34
65.62
67.56
68.14
72.19
58.34
61.03
69.67
71.73
45.12
74.32
66.29
67.95
76.49
66.00
Volatile
solids
1.56
3.11
2.02
1.01
1.23
1.58
1.61
1.02
0.41
1.51
1.70
6.85*
2.01
5.10*
1.59
1.69
1.56
1.49
3.83
3.80
1.86
1.59
1.36
1.04
2.71
1.69
2.85
2.72
3.77
2.18
1.78
2.62
1.79
1.62
1.13
2.76
3.13
1.45
2.51
5.67*
0.91
1.20
2.05
0.52
2.84
-------
79
Appendix 5. (Continued)
Sieve size
Station
number and
jurisdiction
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
Detroit
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
A
C
C
C
C
A
A
C
C
C
C
A
A
C
C
C
C
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
River
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
A
C
C
C
C
3/8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
-
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.8
0.4
0.8
0.0
4.8
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.0
-
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
1.2
1.7
0.0
3.2
0.5
0.4
0.0
0.9
0.0
16
0.4
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.8
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.2
2.4
1.7
1.0
0.7
0.0
3.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.8
0.3
-
0.0
0.2
2.9
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.8
0.2
0.2
0.8
0.3
1.9
0.0
0.7
0.2
28
1.5
3.7
0.5
0.4
0.2
2.3
2.9
1.6
1.7
0.7
1.2
0.3
9.9
1.5
1.6
1.1
0.2
4.8
2.7
0.9
1.1
5.3
4.5
0.2
-
0.2
3.5
15.3
1.0
0.5
0.3
2.4
0.8
1.5
2.7
0.8
11.9
0.8
3.9
0.7
50
3.1
3.3
20.0
7.0
0.9
3.6
5.1
4.1
6.2
30.2
35.0
0.5
17.7
3.5
4.8
3.3
0.7
13.0
9.7
10.0
9.0
20.3
5.9
3.1
-
1.6
19.3
43.4
2.4
0.7
1.0
6.0
2.6
7.2
9.0
4.2
20.1
2.0
7.6
4.6
100
4.0
4.0
53.5
55.3
39.5
7.6
6.0
5.8
10.0
52.6
48.9
40.2
33.5
11.7
15.0
5.9
4.6
54.9
10.0
26.8
13.8
41.4
9.9
68.7
-
61.1
48.7
13.0
9.0
21.0
57.5
8.5
6.3
50.4
12.6
26.0
26.0
30.4
12.4
45.4
200
10.8
31.9
17.1
29.7
47.8
37.0
28.8
36.1
57.6
13.2
11.5
48.3
23.8
45.3
47.0
53.7
71.1
11.7
38.6
24.1
43.8
22.5
36.9
25.5
_
27.6
20.6
20.2
52.4
65.0
33.4
33.9
59.8
27.2
24.9
47.3
30.9
40.8
56.8
37.4
200 Total
(passed) %
80.0
56.3
8.6
7.4
11.2
49.2
56.2
51.8
23.7
3.1
2.9
10.8
8.8
35.5
30.6
34.1
23.4
7.1
38.1
38.8
32.1
9.8
41.6
2.9
-
9.6
7.3
4.0
34.8
13.3
8.4
47.5
29.2
13.7
45.3
21.2
9.6
26.8
17.2
12.5
99.8
100.1
99.7
99.8
99.6
100.0
100.2
99.6
100.1
99.8
99.8
100.3
99.5
100.0
100.4
99.6
100.0
100.2
99.6
101.5
100.4
100.8
99.8
100.7
-
100.1
99.6
99.1
100.4
100.9
100.8
100.3
100.6
100.2
99.9
100.3
100.8
100.8
99.5
100.8
Total
solids
64.52
57.20
77.05
74.44
64.10
65.59
53.50
56.69
66.48
76.85
72.91
55.42
83.99
47.04
40.54
54.66
67.44
84.28
48.74
51.17
52.19
73.99
62.22
75.74
80.87
74.95
77.14
75.07
43.57
73.27
71.96
50.38
73.68
72.74
70.96
45.67
71.07
31.61
50.38
72.63
Volatile
solids
2.88
3.56
0.69
0.59
2.31
2.36
4.21
3.42
2.04
0.55
1.07
2.54
1.23
4.34
6.21*
3.64
1.12
2.87
3.63
3.80
3.88
1.77
2.88
0.65
1.30
0.74
1.31
1.94
5.48*
1.39
0.82
4.09
1.37
1.51
1.81
9.61*
13.45*
6.22*
4.87
2.45
-------
80
Appendix 5. (Continued)
Sieve size
Station
number and 3/8
jurisdiction
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
A
C
C
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
C
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
C
A
A
C
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.3
1.4
1.8
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0 '
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10
0.1
0.4
2.4
3.4
4.4
0.6
2.2
7.6
0.7
2.7
1.4
4.4
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.4
1.0
0.1
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.3
9.5
0.7
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.4
16
0.6
0.8
12.4
6.8
3.4
2.1
5.1
4.0
1.5
1.1
2.2
8.2
2.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
1.0
0.2
0.4
0.1
6.5
0.1
0.3
0.1
3.4
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
28
5.8
0.4
23.6
9.4
14.2
6.8
13.5
13.2
9.3
8.1
16.2
25.0
11.2
5.8
8.8
5.8
5.7
1.8
9.4
2.2
19.3
2.5
0.3
3.7
5.0
3.2
0.3
2.9
1.8
0.1
2.2
2.6
0.1
1.2
5.7
50
14.9
1.2
14.4
14.2
10.4
7.1
14.0
8.4
12.5
24.1
16.6
16.8
12.4
6.2
20.0
9.8
14.1
3.4
9.0
10.6
16.8
15.0
3.3
17.4
5.9
10.5
3.3
12.8
17.1
1.6
3.6
15.2
0.8
16.2
19.6
100
25.3
9.2
6.8
39.8
19.2
10.4
24.3
19.4
32.7
44.4
11.4
13.0
12.6
28.3
16.4
23.8
44.6
13.0
18.2
41.2
16.8
29.0
15.0
37.3
12.1
15.9
31.0
6.9
23.2
37.3
7.0
10.6
4.3
21.8
11.9
200
36.4
47.2
17.2
16.0
18.2
36.0
13.7
23.6
24.7
11.0
8.0
12.8
21.2
36.7
13.6
37.0
19.3
57.6
28.8
31.5
29.9
36.2
26.7
27.5
50.1
22.1
50.1
19.2
37.7
54.2
27.6
22.4
75.3
26.0
20.3
200 Total
(passed) %
16.9
39.6
24.4
9.8
28.4
36.7
24.0
23.4
18.5
7.2
41.2
18.6
39.0
16.6
39.2
22.0
11.2
22.8
30.2
14.2
4.3
17.4
52.3
13.5
14.0
46.9
15.2
58.0
20.1
6.6
58.8
48.4
19.0
34.0
41.6
100.2
98.8
101.2
99.4
98.6
99.7
99.8
99.6
100.2
100.0
98.8
99.4
98.8
99.3
98.0
98.6
99.6
99.2
98.6
99.9
99.3
100.2
97.9
99.8
100.0
99.6
100.2
100.5
100.0
99.9
99.8
99.4
99.6
99.9
99.8
Total
solids
60.35
42.67
39.21
68.49
58.65
55.87
69.07
67.06
55.69
75.54
63.20
46.98
47.97
69.26
21.76
6C.59
71.20
64.34
50.48
76.90
56.15
70.56
26.42
67.42
44.47
50.31
70.99
44.83
70.04
71.17
47.17
41.13
66.89
6S.56
40.33
Volatile
solids
37.86*
5.47*
6.01*
2.16
5.61*
2.78
2.82
3.15
4.20
1.12
3.66
4.12
6.03*
1.69
11.19*
2.83
2.06
6.61*
727*
2.23
11.44*
1.57
9.78*
2.70
5.43*
5.75*
2.22
5.53*
1.98
1.58
4.45
5.56*
2.33
2.42
554*
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-905/9-91/018
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Chemical Contamination and Physical Characteristics of Sediments
the Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channels - 1985
in
5. REPORT DATE
September 1991
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
5G-9J
7. AUTHOR(S)
Paul E. Bertram (U.S. EPA, Great Lakes National Program Office)
Thomas A. Edsall, Bruce A. Manny, Susan J. Nichols, Donald W.
Schloesser (U.S. FWS, National Fisheries Center-Great Lakes)
and
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
GLNPO Report No. GL-015-91
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
National Fisheries Center-Great Lakes
1451 Green Road
Aim Arbor, MI 48105
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
IAG No. DW14931214-01-0
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Great Lakes National Program Office
77 West Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, Illinois 60604
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 1985
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
GLNPO
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project was performed as part of the binationa! Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channels Study
16. ABSTRACT
Contamination of sediments by toxic organic substances and heavy metals was widespread throughout the connecting
channels of the upper Great Lakes in 1985. Sediments at 250 stations in the connecting channels were analyzed for total
PCBs, oil and grease, phenols, tola! cyanide, total volatile solids, mercury, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel
and zinc, and the results were evaluated according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines for polluted
sediments. Guidelines for Cd, Hg, and PCBs by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, which are more restriclive than
USEPA guidelines, are also referenced. The percentage of stations that were contaminated according to USEPA guidelines
by at least one of the studied substances was St. Marys River - 92%, St. Clair River - 66%, Lake St. Clair - 65%, and the
Detroit River - 81%. Sediments were most heavily contaminated near industrialized areas, although some areas more than 40
km downstream from known point sources of pollution were moderately contaminated by oil and metals.
17,
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTIONS
b.
IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field Group
Great Lakes, St. Marys River, St. Clair River, Lake St.
Clair, Detroit River, sediments, contamination, pollution,
PCB, oil, grease, phenol, cyanide, mercury, cadmium,
chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, zinc
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Document is available to the Public through the National
Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA
22161. Limited copies may be available from U.S. EPA
GLNPO or from U.S. FWS NFC-GL.
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
21. NO. OF PAGES
92 pages
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
22. PRICE
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