902977001A
COMPREHENSIVE IFYGL MATERIALS BALANCE
STUDY FOR LAKE ONTARIO BASIN
PART I
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION II
26 FEDERAL PLAZA
NEW YORK, N. Y. 10007
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COMPREHENSIVE IPYGL MATERIALS BALANCE STUDY FOR
LAKE ONTARIO
PART I
Donald J. Casey
Patricia A. A. Clark
Jane Sandwick
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Region II, Rochester Program Support Branch
IPYGL Project
Rochester, New York
May 1977
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The opinions and professional judgments expressed in this
paper are those of the authors, and do not necessarily express
the views and policies of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
II
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Acknowledgements
This report dealing with the chemical materials balance of
Lake Ontario was written as one of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's contributions to the International Field Year,
Great Lakes (IFYGL) program which was part of the Irternational
riydrologic Decade, UNESCO.
The authors wish to acknowledge the' support of contributions
made by their colleagues' John Meagher, William Lewis, Amy Levek ,
Karen Thireos, Anthony Solpietro, Bruce McNeil, Zack Dobbs,
Michael Polito, Francis Brezenski, Melvin Ruszaj (all from EPA),
B.C. De Cooke, USCE, and Steven Salback, Ontario Ministry of
Environment.
rte are indebted to Paula Casey who contributed her time to
edit this report. rte would also like to thank Lucey Pelitera,
Ella Brown and Catherine Edwards who were loaned to us by the
rtork Incentive Program (rtlN), for typing sections of this report.
We wish to express our appreciation for supporting the IFYOL
program to Gerald Hansler, Administrator Region II, Kenneth
rtalker, former Director of the Rochester Field Office, Nelson
Thomas and John Christe, the U.S. and Canadian Co-chairman
respectively of the IFYGL Chemistry and Biology program and
Cornelius Callahan, U.S. IFYGL Program Coordinator, NOAA.
Ill
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IrYGL Comprehensive Materials
Balance Study of Lake Ontario
Table of Contents
I . Introduction
1.1 Program objectives
1.2 Previous Lake Ontario studies
II. Sampling procedures
2.1 Discharge measurements of tributaries
2.2 otreapi sampling
2.2.1 Locations
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V. Mass balance in the lake
b.l Derivation of mass balance equations
b.2 Calculation of mass balance quantities
5.3 Mass balances - Total phosphate, total filterable
phosphate, dissolved orthophosphate, nitrite-
nitrate, ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total
organic carbon, sulfate, cadmium and iron
References
Appendix A - Stream concentrations
Appendix B - Lake measurements
Appendix C - Laboratory analysis techniques
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List of Tables
1.1 Summary of Previous Studies
2.1 List of oeriods and frequency of stream samolinq
2.2 List of Materials Balance Lake sampling Stations
2.3 List of Materials Balance Cruises
2.4 List of the Number of Measurements of Each Substance
on each Cruise
2.5 leather Summary - Materials Balance Cruises in 1972
3.1 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Total Phosphate
3.2 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Total Filteraole
Phosphate
3.3 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Dissolved
Orthophosphate
3.4 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Nitrite-Nitrate
3.3 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Ammonia
3.6 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen
3./ Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Organic Nitro7en
3.8 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Total Nitrogen
3.9 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Total Organic
Carbon
3.10 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Silica
3.11 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Sodium
3.12 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Potassium
3.13 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Calcium
3.14 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Magnesium
3.15 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Sulfate
3.16 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Chloride
VI
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".'..;. i-i Tables (cont)
3.1 f Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Fluoride
3. IB i.iuyn .ionr.hly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Manganese
3.19 Muun Monthly Loruuncjs to Lake Ontario for Iron
3.20 tiuan , unthly Loadings to Luke Ontario for Nickel
3.21 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Cooper
3.22 Al^an Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Zinc
3.23 Moan Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Lead
3.24 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Cadmium
3.23 Mod,: Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Total
n i k u i i n i t y
3.26 W-jlation of Chemical Concentrations to Streamflow and
Correlation Coefficients for Genesee, Oswego, and
Black Rivers
4.la Statistics - Cruise 1 - May 1-5, 1972
4.1b Statistics - Cruise 2 - May 15-19, 1972
«>.}c Statistics - Cruise 3 - June 12-16, 1972
v.ld Statistics - Cruise 4 - Juiy 10-14, 1972
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List of Tables (cont)
4.2b Variations of Mean Measurements from /Jest -to East in
the Lake for Total Phosphate
4.2c Mass Determinations - Layers and Total for Total Phosphate
4.3a Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for
Total Filterable Phosphate
4.3b Variations of Mean Measurements from ^est to East
in the Lake for Total Filterable Phosphate
4.3c Mass Determinations - Layers and Total for Total
Filterable Phosphate
4.4a Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for
Dissolved Orthophosphate
4.4b Variations of Mean Measurements from rtest to East
for Dissolved Orthophosphate
4.4c Mass Determinations - Layers and Totals for Dissolved
Orthophosphate
4.5a Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for
Nitrite-Nitrate
4.3b Variations of Mean Measurements from rtest to East
for Nitrite-Nitrate
4.5c Mass Determinations - Layers and Totals for Nitrite-
Nitrate
4 ,6a Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for
Ammonia
4.6b Variations of Mean Measurements from iNest to East
for Ammonia
4.6c Mass Determinations - Layers and Totals for Ammonia
4.7a Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
4.7b Variations of Mean Measurements from rtest to East in the
Lake for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
VIII
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. i s L u t" f..:h 1,: .; (c: on t)
rminri L'.OMS - Layers and Totals for Total
Mi LT o j .;n
4.Hd V >r i 'tt ions 01 l.ciyer Mean Measurements with Depth for
Organic Nitrogen
4.8b Variations of Mean Measurements from West to East in the
Lake for Organic Nitrogen
4. He !(<**$ Determinations - Layers and Totals for Organic
Hi
Varidcions or Layer Me^n Measurements with Depth for
Total Nitrogen
4,v*b Vdricitions of Menn M'ia.sur Kments from rtest to East in the
Lake for Total Nitrogen
4.9c Mass Determinations - Layers and Totals for Total Nitrogen
4 . 1 Oa Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for
Total Organic Carbon
4.1 Ob Variations of Mean Measurements from West to East in the
L^ke for Total Organic Carbon
4 . I Oc Mnss Determinations - Layers and Totals for Total Organic
Carbon
4. I la Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for
Silica
4. lib Variations of Mean Measurements from West to East
Si lira
4. lie Mass Determinations - Layers and Totals for Silica
4 . I 2a Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth
for Sodium
4 . I 2b Variations of Mean Measurements from «vest to East
for Sodium
4 . I 2c Mass Determinations - Layers and Totals tor Sodium
IX
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List of Tables (cont)
4.i3a Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for
Potassium
< . I 3b Variations of Mean Measurements from West to East
for Potassium
4.13c Mass Determinations - Layers and Totals for Total
Alkalinity
4 . ! 4a Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth tor
Calcium
4.14b Variations of Mean Measurements from rtest to East in the
Lake for Calcium
4.l4c Mass Determinations - Layers and Totals for Calcium
4 . 1 ba variations of Layer Mean Measurements witn Depch for
si uin
4.1 t>o Var io t, ioni) of Mean measurements from rt&3t to h.J.sc .>:or
Mag ne^ si urn
4.15C Mass Determinations - Layers and Total for Magnesium
4.i6a Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for
Sulfate
4.16b Variations of Mean Measurements from rtest to East for
Sulfate
4.l6c Mass Determinations - Layers and Total for Julfate
\ -, 1 7=, Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for
:- ii!or ide
i . I 7b Variations of Mean Measurements from rtnst ;o fcast for
i-'luoride
4,l7c Mass Determinations - Layers and Total f^r r'n.nride
4 . 1 Ra variations of Layer Mean Measurements .*/i ch ^e^i.n for
Manganese
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List of Tables (cont)
4..18b Variations of Mean Measurements from *Vest to East for
Manganese
4.18c Mass Determinations - Layers and Total for Manganese
4.l9a Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for Iron
4.l9b Variations of Mean Measurements from rtest to East for
Iron
4.l9c Mass Determinations - Layers and Total for Iron
4,20a Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for
Nickel
4.20b Variations of Mean Measurements from West to East for
Nickel
4.20c Mass Determinations - Layers and Total for Nickel
4.21a Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for Zinc
4.21b Variations of Mean Measurements from West to East for
Zinc
4.21c Mass Determinations - Layers and Total for Zinc
4.22a Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for pri
4.22b Variations of Mean Measurements from flest to East for pH
4.23a Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for
Dissolved Oxygen
4.23b Variations of Mean Measurements from rtest to East for
Dissolved Oxygen
4.24a Variations of Layer Mean Measurements with Depth for
Total Alkalinity
4.24b Variations of Mean Measurements from flest to East for
Total Alkalinity
4.2b Summary - Total Mass Determinations
XI
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List of Tables (cont)
4.26 Mean Concentration in Upper 20 meters "Eutrophic Zone"
5.1 Chemical Mass contents of Lake Ontario during the Field
Year
5.2 Total Phosphate and Dissolved Orthophosphate - Mass
Balance Equation Terms
5.3 Total Nitrogen and Nitrite-Nitrate - Mass Balance
equation Terms
5.4 Ammonia and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen - Mass Balance
equation Terms
b.^> Organic Nitrogen, Total Organic Carbon and Sulfate - Mass
Balance Equation Terms
b.6 Comparison of measured outflow loading and Vollenweider
Model Term
5.7 Calculation of (=-S/M) from the Vollenweider Model
A-N 1 Niagara River Concentration Measurements - Total
Phosphate, Total Filterable Phosphate and Dissolved
Orthophosphate
A-N2 Niagara River Concentration Measurements - Nitrite-
Nitrate, Ammonia and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
A-N3 Niagara River Concentration Measurements - Total
Organic Carbon, Sulfate and Silica
A-N4 Niagara River Concentration Measurements - Fluoride
and Chloride
A-N5 Niagara River Concentration Measurements - Potassium,
Sodium and Calcium
A-N6 Niagara River Concentration Measurements - Magnesium,
Manganese and Iron
A-N7 Niagara River Concentration Measurements - Zinc, Nickel
and Copper
A-N8 Niagara River Concentration Measurements - Cadmium,
Lead and Mercury
XII
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List or Table: 3 (cont)
A-N9
A-NJO
A-G1
A-G2
A-G3
A-G4
A-Gb
A-G6
A-G7
A-G8
A-G9
A-GIO
A-01
rt«: ^jiu-a K':vur Fluid Measurements - Dissolved Oxygen,
.'m. .-/ Tuu.j-jf-/! cu;uruv pH and Total Alkalinity
rtiaijuj-u River - Statistical Sunwnary
Gi;nu:>oo Rivur Concuntrat ion Measurements - Total
Phosphate, Total Filterable Phosphate and Dissolved
Orthophosphato
Gi-nutjue Rivor Concentrnv ion Measurements - Nitrite-
Nitrate, Ammonia and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Genouuo Hivor Concentration Measurements - Total
Organic Carl>on, Sulfate and Silica
Goni.-snc Rivur Concentration Measurements - Fluoride
and Chloride
Gumsee River, Concentration Measurements - Potassium,
Sodium and Calcium
Gune^ee River Concentration Measurements - Magnesium,
Manganese and Iron
A-03
A-P-!
River Concentration Measurements - £inc,
Nickel and Coppur
Genesee River Concentration Measurements - Cadmium,
Lead and Mercury
Gunesoe River Field Measurements - Dissolved Oxygen,
^ater Temperature, pH and Total Alkalinity
Gunesde Rivur - Statistical Summary
Oswugo River Concencration Measurements - Total
Phosphate and Dissolved Orthophosphate
Oswugo River Concentration Measurements - Nitrite-
Niurate, Ammonia and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Oswego River Concentration Measurements - Total
Organic Carbon, Sulfate and Silica
Oswago River Concentration Measurements - Fluoride
and Chloride
XIII
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List of Tables (cont)
A-()D Qswego River Concentration Measurements - Potassium,
Sodium and Calcium
A-06 Oswego River Concentration Measurements - Magnesium,
Manganese and Iron
A-07 Oswego River Concentration Measurements - Zinc,
Nickel and Copoer
A-08 Oswego River Concentration Measurements - Cadmium,
Lead and Mercury
A-09 Oswego River Held Measurements - Dissolved Oxygen,
irtater Temperature, pH and Total Alkalinity
A-010 Oswego River - Statistical Summary
A-bl Black River Concentration Measurements - Total
Phosphate and Total Filterable Phosphate
A-B2 Black River Concentration Measurements - Nitrite-
Nitrate, Ammonia and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
A-B3 Black River Concentration Measurements - Total
Organic Carbon, Sulfate and Silica
A-B4 Black River Concentration Measurements - Fluoride
and Chloride
A-B5 Black River Concentration Measurements - Potassium,
Sodium and Calcium
A-i36 Black River Concentration Measurements - Magnesium,
Manganese and Iron
A-d7 Black River Concentration Measurements - Zinc,
Nickel and Copper
A-d8 Black River Concentration Measurements - Cadmium,
Lead and Mercury
A-B9 Black River - Statistical Summary
ASI St. Lawrence Concentration Measurements - Total
Phosphate, Total Filterable Phosohate, and
Dissolved Orthophosphate
XIV
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List of Tables (cont)
A-S2 St. Lawrence Concentration Measurements - Nitrite-
Nitrate, Ammonia and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
A-S3 St. Lawrence Concentration Measurements - Total
Organic Carbon, Sulfate and Silica
A-S4 St. Lawrence Concentration Measurements - Fluoride
and Chloride
A-S5 St. Lawrence Concentration Measurements - Potassium,
Sodium and Calcium
AS6 St. Lawrence Concentration Measurements - Magnesium,
Manganese, and Iron
A-S7 St. Lawrence Concentration Measurements - Zinc,
Nickel and Copper
A-S8 St. Lawrence Concentration Measurements - Cadmium,
Lead and Mercury
A-S9 St. Lawrence Field Measurements - Dissolved Oxygen
Water Temperature, pH and Total Alkalinity
A-SIO St. Lawrence - Statistical Summary
8-11 Concentration Measurements - Total Phosphate, Total
Filterable Phosphate and Dissolved Orthophosphate
(Cruise 1 - May 1-5, 1972)
B12 Concentration Measurements - Nitrite-Nitrate, Ammonia
and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Cruise 1 - May 1-5, 1972)
B-I3 Concentration Measurements - Total Organic Carbon,
Sulfate, Silica and Fluoride (Cruise 1 - May 1-5,
1972)
B-I4 Concentration Measurements - Sodium, Potassium,
Calcium and Magnesium (Cruise 1 - May 1-5, 1972)
B15 Field Measurements - Dissolved Oxygen, Total Alka-
linity and pH (Cruise 1 - May 1-5, 1972)
B-II1 Concentration Measurements - Total Phosphate, Total
Filterable Phosphate and Dissolved Orthophosphate
(Cruise 2 - May 15-19, 1972)
XV
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List of Tables (cont)
B-II2 Concentration Measurements - Nitrite-Nitrate, Ammonia
and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Cruise 2 - May 13-19,
1972)
B-II3 Concentration Measurements - Total Organic Carbon,
Sulfate, Silica and Fluoride (Cruise 2 - May 15-
19, 1972)
8-114 Concentration Measurements - Sodium, Potassium,
Calcium and Magnesium (Cruise 2 - May 15-19, 1972)
B-II5 Field Measurements - Dissolved Oxygen, Total Alka-
linity and pH (Cruise 2 - May 15-19, 1972)
B-IIII Concentration Measurements - Total Phosphate,
Total Filteraole Phosphate and Dissolved Ortho-
ohosphate (Cruise 3 - June 12-16, 1972)
B-III2 Concentration Measurements - Nitrite-Nitrate,
Ammonia and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Cruise 3 -
June 12-16, 1972)
B-III3 Concentration Measurements - Total Organic Carbon,
Sulfate, Silica and Fluoride (Cruise 3 - Jane
12-16, 1972)
B-III4 Concentration Measurements - Sodium, Potassium,
Calcium and Magnesium (Cruise 3 - June 12-16,
1972)
B-III5 Field Measurements - Dissolved Oxygen, Total
Alkalinity and pH (Cruise 3 - June 12-16, 1972)
B-IV1 Concentration Measurements - Total Phosphate,
Total Filterable Phosohate and Dissolved
Orthophosphate (Cruise 4 - July 10-14, 1972)
B-IV2 Concentration Measurements - Nitrite-Nitrate,
Ammonia, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Cruise 4 -
July 10-14, 1972)
B-IV3 Concentration Measurements - Total Organic Carbon,
Sulfate, Silica and Fluoride (Cruise 4 - July
10-14, 1972)
XVI
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List of Tables (cont)
B-IV4 Concentration Measurements - Sodiumf Potassium,
CaLcium and Magnesium (Cruise 4 - July 10-14,
1972)
B-IV5 Field Measurements - Dissolved Oxygen, Total
Alkalinity and pH (Cruise 4 - July 10-14, 1972)
B-VI Concentration Measurements - Total Phosphate, Total
Filterable Phosphate and dissoved Orthophosphate
(Cruise 5 - August 21-25, 1972)
B-V2 Concentration Measurements - Nitrite-Nitrate,
Ammonia and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Cruise 5 -
August 21-25, 1972)
B-V3 Concentration Measurements - Total Organic Carbon,
Sulfate, Silica and Fluoride (Cruise 5 - August
2J-25, 1972)
B-V4 Concentration Measurements - Sodium, Potassium,
Calcium and Magnesium (Cruise 5 - August 21-25,
1972)
B-V5 Field Measurements - Dissolved Oxygen, Total Alka-
linity and pH (Cruise 5 - August 21-25, 1972)
B-VI1 Concentration Measurements - Total Phosphate, Total
Filterable Phosphate and Dissolved Orthophosphate
(Cruise 6 - October 30-November 3, 1972)
B-VI2 Concentration Measurements - Nitrite-Nitrate, Ammonia
and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Cruise 6 - October 30-
November 3, 1972)
B-VI3 Concentration Measurements - Total Organic Carbon,
Sulfate, Silica and Fluoride (Cruise 6 - October 30-
November 3, 1972)
B-VH Concentration Measurements - Sodium, Potassium,
Calcium and Magnesium (Cruise 6 - October 30-
November 3, 1972)
8-VI5 Field Measurements - Dissolved Oxygen, Total Alka-
linity and pH (Cruise 6 - October 30-November 3,
1972)
XVII
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List of Tables (cont)
B-VII1 Concentration Measurements - Total Phosphate,
Total Filterable Phosphate and Dissolved Ortho-
phosphate (Cruise 7 - November 27-December 2, 1972)
B-VII2 Concentration Measurements - Nitrite-Nitrate, Ammonia,
and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Cruise 7 - November 27-
December 2, 1972)
B-VII3 Concentration Measurements - Total Organic Carbon,
Sulfate, Silica and Fluoride (Cruise 7 - November 27-
December 2, 1972)
B-VII4 Concentration Measurements - Sodium, Potassium, Calcium
and Magnesium (Cruise 7 - November 27-December 2, 1972)
B-VII5 Field Measurements - Dissolved Oxygen, Total Alkalinity
and pH (Cruise 7 - November 27-December 2, 1972)
B-VII6 Concentration Measurements - Iron, Manganese (Cruise 7 -
November 27-December 2, 1972)
B-VII7 Concentration Measurements - Zinc, Nickel and Copper
(Cruise 7 - November 27-December 2, 1972)
B-VIIII Concentration Measurements - Total Phosphate, Total
Phosphate, Total Filterable Phosphate and Dissolved
Orthophosohate (Cruise 8 - February 5-9, 1973)
B-VIII2 Concentration Measurements - Nitrite-Nitrate,
Ammonia and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Cruise 8 -
February 5-9, 1973)
B-VIII3 Concentration Measurements - Total Organic Carbon,
Sulfate and Silica (Cruise 8 - February 5-9, 19/3)
B-VIII4 Concentration Measurements - Sodium, Potassium,
Calcium, and Magnesium (Cruise 8 - February 5-9,
1972)
B-VIII5 Field Measurements - Dissolved Oxygen (Cruise 8 -
February 5-9, 1973)
XVIII
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List of Tables (cont)
B-IX1 Concentration Measurements - Total Phosphate and
Dissolved Orthophosphate (Cruise 9 - March 18-23,
1973)
B-IX2 Concentration Measurements - NitriteNitrate,
Ammonia and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Cruise 9 -
March 18-23, 1973)
B-IX3 Concentration Measurements - Total Organic Carbon,
Sulfate, Silica and Fluoride (Cruise 9 - March
18-23, 1973)
B-IX4 Concentration Measurements - Sodium, Potassium,
Calcium and Magnesium (Cruise 9 - March 18-23,
1973)
B-IXb Field Measurements - Dissolved Oxygen and pH
(Cruise 9 - March(18-23, 1973)
B-IX6 Concentration Measurements - Iron and Manganese
(Cruise 9 - March 18-23, 1973)
B-IX7 Concentration Measurements - Zinc, Nickel and
Copper (Cruise 9 - March 18-23, 1973)
B-X1 Concentration Measurements - Total Phosphate,
Total Filterable Phosphate and Dissolved
Orthophosphate (Cruise 10 - April 24-30, 1973)
B-X2 Concentration Measurements - Nitrite-Nitrate, Ammonia,
and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Cruise 10 - April 24-
30, 1973)
BX3 Concentration Measurements - Total Organic Carbon,
Sulfate, Silica and Fluoride (Cruise 10 - April 24-
30, 1973)
B-X4 Field Measurements - Dissolved Oxygen and pH (Cruise
10 - April 24-30, 1973)
B-XD Concentration Measurements - Iron and Manganese
(Cruise 10- April 24-30, 1973)
B-X6 Concentration Measurements - Zinc, Nickel and Cooper
(Cruise 10 - April 24-30, 1973)
XIX
-------
List of Tables (cont)
B-XI1 Concentration Measurements - Total Phosphate, Total
Filterable Phosphate and Dissolved Orthophosphate
(Cruise II -June 11-15, 1973)
B-XI2 Concentration Measurements - NitriteNitrate, Ammonia
and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (Cruise II - June 11-15,
1973)
B-XI3 Concentration Measurements - Total Organic Carbon,
Sulfate, Silica and Fluoride (Cruise II - June
11-15, 1973)
B-XI4 Concentration Measurements - Sodium, Potassium,
Calcium and Magnesium (Cruise II - June 11-15,
1973)
B-XIb Field Measurements - Dissolved Oxygen, Total
Alkalinity and pH (Cruise II - June 11-15, 1973)
B-XI6 Concentration Measurements - Iron and Manganese
(Cruise 11 - June 11-15, 1973)
B-XI7 Concentration Measurements - Zinc, Nickel and
Copper (Cruise II - June 11-15, 1973)
C-l Atomic Absorption Parameters for Metals Analysis
C-2 Minimum Detectable Limits - Laboratory Analysis
C-3 Statistical Elements - Accuracy Determination
XX
-------
Lib I or Figures
i.l M--;» ». : ti.«; )fM..Mri'j basin v/lth Tributary Basins
ina i < .11 .jr.
,1 Morituiy .u^churgui; - Comparison of Field /ear and Long
Tor .1 i '.( en , ;
-) ) i- .(, ,-r, . ;
u i > >.n c > >.;v
t I i ,';inriV,'O
,J«2 SthuinHtic or Saiiiple H-aridl \ng
,.;.-io o)' Lciku Ontario v/ith Locations of Lake and
Stations indicated
J.i ,'.iOMLM)y M«an Strorjdi Loadings - Total Phosphate
J.,: liiscourams ror Total Pho^pnate
-i..j Monciuy Mean Struum Loadings ~ Total Filterable Phosphate
3.4 Histograms for Total Filterable Phosphate
j.^> -Sonchly Mean Stream Loadings - Dissolved Orthophosphate
J.o .Ustograms for Dissolved Orthophosphate
J. / ..Unr.hly Mean Stream Loadings - Nitrite-Nitrate
J.B ilistograrns for Nitrite-Nitrate
.3.9 MontJily Mean Stream Loadings - Ammonia
J . H) iiistograms for A.n'tionia
J.li Monthly Mean Stroaui Loadincjs - Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
3.12 Histograms for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
J.I 3 Monthly Mean Strua'.n Loadings - Organic Nitrogen
3.14 Histograms for Organic Nitrogen
3.15 Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Total Nitrogen
3.16 Histograms for Total Nitrogen
3.17 M'onchly Mean Stream Loadings - Total Organic Carbon
3.18 Histograms for Total Organic Carbon
XXI
-------
List of Figures (cont)
3.19 Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Silica
3.20 Histograms for Silica
3.21 Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Sodium
3.22 Histograms for Sodium
3.23 Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Potassium
3.24 Histograms for Potassium
3.25 Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Calcium
3.26 Histograms for Calcium
3.27 Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Magnesium
3.28 Histograms for Magnesium
3.29 Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Sulfate
3.30 Histograms for Sulfate
3.31 Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Chloride
3.32 Histograms for Chloride
3.33 Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Fluoride
3.34 Histograms for Fluoride
3.35 Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Manganese
3.36 Histogram for Manganese
3.3/ Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Iron
3.38 Histograms for Iron
3.39 Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Nickel
3.40 Histograms for Nickel
3.41 Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Copper
3.42 Histograms for Copper
3.43 Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Zinc
3.44 Histograms for Zinc
XXII
-------
List or i-ic/ures Ccont)
..H'lp.nly Mean :>lr<..'oi,) Loadings - Lead
J.4o tiiutu)ra:ns for LOud
3.4/ Monthly Mean Struarn Loadings - Cadmium
3.48 (i i;;to<;rarn j ror C^omiu"!
3.49 Moniniy Mtrrtf) bLrooin Locioingu - Mercury
3.:jO liiytoc ranis for pri
3.ji Histograms for Dissolved Oxygen
J.52 :i-.>nchly Moan Stream Loadings for Total Alkalinity
3c'j»3 H i. rftoqrarns ror Total Alkalinity
liiscuqrams for Hater Temperature
,'') for Ecist-rtesn Chemical Variations in Lake Ontario
4.2 M <( ror North Sou tn Chemical Variations in Lake
Ontario
4.3 Map ror wiiddla Lake-Offshore Chemical Variations
in Lake Ontario
4.4a Histograms for Total Phosphate
4 .4b Contours of Constant Surface Total Phosphate
4.4c Dtioth versus Time Contours of Constant Total Phosohate
4 ,4d Morch-souch Variation of Mean Total Pnosphate
4.4t; Middle Lake-Of f shor o Variation of Mean Total Phosphate
4.4f ,.U;cin Surface Vciriation of Total Phosphate Concentration
During tho Field Year
4.4q M.3<3n Bottom Variation of Total Phosphate Concentration
During the Field Year
4.L>a Histograms for Total Filterable Phosphate
4.5b Contours of Constant Surface Total Filterable Phosphate
4. DC Jepth versus Time Contours of Constant Total Filterable
Phosphate
XXIII
-------
List of Figures (cont)
4.bd North-south Variation of Mean Total Filterable Phosphate
4.ie Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Total Filterable
Phosphate
4.Df Mean Surface Variation of Total Filterable Phosphate
Concentration During the Field Year
4.5g Mean Bottom Variation of Total Filterable Phosphate
Concentration During the Field Year
4.6a Histograms for Dissolved Orthophosphate
4.6b Contours of Constant Surface Dissolved Orthophosphate
4.6c Depth versus Time Contours of Constant Dissolved
Orthophosphate
4.6d North-south Variation of Mean Dissolved Orthophosphate
4.6e Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Dissolved
Orthophosphate
4.6f Mean Surface Variation of Dissolved Orthophosphate
Concentration During the Field Year
4.6g Mean Bottom Variation of Dissolved Orthophosphate
Concentration During the Field Year
4.7a Histograms for Nitrite-Nitrate
4.7b Contours of Constant Surface Nitrite-Nitrate
4./c Jepth versus Time Contours of Constant Nitrite-Nitrate
4.7d North-south Variation of Mean Nitrite-Nitrate
4.7e Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Nitrite-Nitrate
4.7f Mean Surface Variation of Nitrite-Nitrate Concentration
During the Field Year
4.7g Mean Bottom Variation of Nitrite-Nitrate Concentration
During the Field Year
4.8a Histograms for Ammonia
4,8b Contours of Constant Surface Ammonia
4.8c Depth versus Time Contours of Constant Ammonia
XXIV
-------
Li s c o r i- i cjuru a ( con t )
4,8
-------
List of Figures (cont)
4. lie Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Total Nitrogen
4.1 If Mean Surface Variation of Total Nitrogen Concentration
During the Field Year
4.11g Mean Bottom Variation of Total Nitrogen Concentration
During the Field Year
4.l2a Histograms for Total Organic Carbon
4.12b Contours of Constant Surface Total Organic Carbon
4.12c Depth versus Time Contours of Constant Total Organic
Carbon
4.l2d North-south Variation of Mean Total Organic Carbon
4.l2e Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Total Organic
Carbon
4.l2f Mean Surface Variation of Total Organic Carbon
Concentration During the Field Year
4.12g Mean Bottom Variation of Total Organic Carbon
Concentration During the Field Year
4.l3a Histograms for Silica
4.13b Contours of Constant Surface Silica
4.13c Depth versus Time Contours of Constant Silica
4.13d North-south Variation of Mean Silica
4.l3e Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Silica
4.l3f Mean Surface Variation of Silica Concentration During
the Field Year
*
4.l3g Mean Bottom Variation of Silica Concentration During
the Field Year
4.14a Histograms for Sodium
4.l4b Contours of Constant Surface Sodium
4.14c Depth versus Time Contours of Constant Sodium
4.14d North-south Variations of Mean Sodium
XXVI
-------
of hiv^ure^ icont)
4.J'rO Middl,, Lake~-0i I'slior c Variations of Mean Sodium
4.l4f Mean Surface Variation of Sodium Concentration During
the Field Yo^r
4 . i 4g Mu'cm Hot torn Variation of Sodium Concentration During
v,hu Fi eld V- ' r
4.1ja ,-;i s to^rams foi PoLcissiuifi
4.ibb vjontours of Conatant Surface Potassium
4 . 1 5c ijcpth versu?? Time Contours of Constant Potassium
4.15d North-south Variations of Mean Potassium
4.1'Je Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Potassium
4.1 -or M«j^n u/rfaco variation of Potassium Concentration During
Lnri i-i eld Yu-ar
4 . l 5g .Ac^n bottom Variation of Potassium Concentration During
trv; Field tecr
4. 16) Hibvograms for Calcium
^.'6b Ooncours of Constant Surface Calcium
4.i6c D*;pth versus TirAj Contours of Constant Calcium
4.l6d North-south Vc.riar,ions of A^ean Calcium
4,!6ft Middle Lake-Of f shoru Variations of Mean Calcium
1,i6r Mom .Surface Variation of Calcium Concentration During
> h Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Magnesium
XXVII
-------
List of Figures (cont)
4.1/f Mean Surface Variation of Magnesium Concentration During
the Field Year
4.17g Mean Bottom Variation of Magnesium Concentration During
the Field Year
4.l8a Histograms for Sulfate
4.185 Contours of Constant Surface Sulfate
4.l8c Depth versus Time Contours of Constant Sulfate
4.18d North-south Variations of Mean Sulfate
4.l8e Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Sulfate
4.l8f Mean Surface Variation of Sulfate Concentration During
the Field Year
4.l8g Mean Bottom Variation of Sulfate Concentration During
the Field Year
4.l9a Histograms for Fluoride
4.19b Contours of Constant Surface Fluoride
4.19c Depth versus Time Contours of Constant Fluoride
4.19d North-south Variations of Mean Fluoride
4.19e Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Fluoride
4.19f Mean Surface Variation of Fluoride Concentration During
the Field Year
4.19g Mean Bottom Variation of Fluoride During the Field Year
4.20a Histograms for Manganese
4.20b Contours of Constant Surface Manganese
4.21a Histograms for Iron
4.2lb Contours of Constant Surface Iron
4.22a Histograms for Nickel
4.22b Contours of Constant Surface Nickel
4.23a Histograms for Zinc
XXVIII
-------
: j.->: '.if i:tgurti':j i-leont)
4.23b Cum,ot--s of CuMb'cync Surface Zinc
4.243 .UStO^r or!,;' fvJ, pH
4-.24b Coni3ui~s of CojWuoiic Surfaco pH
4«.24(. ;)i..-r;L'> versus ii'io Contours of Constant pH
<;.._4ci v,i t.n~south Variations of pH
t.24e Middle Lake-Orfshore Variation of Mean pH
.26c Di-pth versus Tim« Contours of Constant focal Alkalinity
4.x6d rjortn-south Variations of Total Alkalinity
4.26e Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Total Alkalinity
4.26f Moan Sijrface Variation of Total Alkalinity Concentration
During the Field Year
4.26g Mean Bottom Variation of Total Alkalinity Concentration
During the Field Year
-3.1 The -iass Contort (rn) and the Production Rate (S) of Total
Phosphate During tho Field Year
XXIX
-------
List of Figures (cont)
5.2 The Mass Content (m) and the Production Rate (S) of
Dissolved Orthophosphate During the Field Year
5.3 The Mass Content (r.i) and the Production Rate (S) of Total
Nitrogen During tne Field Year
5.4 The Mass Content (m) and the Production Rate (S) of
Nitrite-Nitrate During the Field Year
5.5 The Mass Content (m) and the Production Rate (S) of
Ammonia During the Field Year
3.6 The Mass Content (m) and the Production Rate (S) of Total
Kjeldahl nitrogen During the Field Year
5.7 The Mass Content (m) and the Production Rate (S) of
Organic Nitrogen During the Field Year
XXX
-------
Chapter i
< .. 1 Program ob jccLivxjs
A uidjur '''lective of the 1 ntern.j cional Field Year for the
v/r^.at i..tk.'s ( irYOL) iiuay m La ice Ontario was no provide an
n<_.,:urattJ and detailed description of r.htf trophic status of the
i.jki:t >?'je Hicj. I.I. To this end an extensive materials balance
.study was conducted as a joint United States and Canadian effort.
in the U.S. che study was under the auspices of the U.S.
(environmental Protection Agency with the cooperation of the
National oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The Canadian
Centre for Inland Waters was responsible for the work on the
Canadian side. This study included the determination of the
chemical loadings of the major streams tributary to Lake Ontario
(preliminary summary - Casey and Salbach, 1975) and the chemical
concentration determinations at a number of positions and depths
in Lake Ontario throughout the field year.
Chapter 2 describes the sampling procedures on the lake and
o c. stream mouths. The loadings are calculated and discussed in
Chapter 3. Variations in the lake chemical concentrations, both
vurtic- 1 and horizontal as well as seasonal, are described in
Chaocur 44 Based on the tributary loadings and the chemical mass
determinations in the lake, the rates of retention of various
chemical substances as functions of time have been calculated in
Chapter t;. Aopendix A tabulates the U.S. stream mouth
concentrations while all of the lake measurements are presented and
-------
described In Appendix C.
1.2 Previous Lake Ontario studies
Comprehensive studies of Lake Ontario chemistry are a fairly
recent phenomenon which began in the J960vs. A review of these
early studies was reported by Chalwa (1971). The U.S. Federal
rtater Pollution Control Administration (FWPCA) 1965 study of Lake
Ontario, as reported by Casey, Fisher and Kleveno (1973),
included 3 cruises (May, late July - early August and late
September - early October) which sampled 42 stations. The
chemical paramenters sampled were total phosphate, total
filterable phosphate, nitrate, ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen,
chloride, silica, potassium, dissolved oxygen, pH, biochemical
oxygen demand and dissolved solids. In 1967, the Canadian
Department of National Health and Welfare (NHW) conducted
bi-monthly cruises of Lake Ontario from June through August.
Surveyed in the study were total phosphate, dissolved
orthophosphate, nitrite-nitrate, ammonia, sulfate, silica,
sodium, iron, manganese, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, dissolved
oxygen and alkalinity. Shiomi and Chawla (1970) presented an
analysis of the first year-round lake-wide study which reported
nutrient data collected at monthly intervals from 60 stations in
Lake Ontario during the period April 1969 through March 1970.
Their investigation included total phosphate, dissolved
orthophosphate, nitrate, ammonia and silica. The IFYGL study
reported here spanned the period May 1972 though June 1973 and
included not only year-round lake wide chemical sampling of
1-2
-------
nutrients, major ions and mutals, but also tributary and
precipitation loadings for the same period. Table t.l summarizes
the mean concentration measurements of these studies. More
detailed comparisons will be made in Chapter 4.
1-3
-------
Table 1.1 Summary of Previous Studies
Lake Ontario Chemistry
(milligrams per liter)
FWPCA 1965 (I) NHW 1967 (2) CCIW 1970 (3)
TP (as P)
TFP (as P)
OOP (as P)
N02-NU3 (as N)
NH3 (as N)
TKN (as N)
TOG
S04
S102
F
Na
K
Ca
Mg
Fe
Mn
Cu
Pb
Ni
Zn
Cd
DO
Alka. (as CaC03)
Conduct, (//mhos)
pH
.0.18
.015
-
.35 (4)
.06
.29
-
30.5
1.20
-
45
9.2
'
-
12.4
97
318
8.5
.015
.002
. 167
.03
.295
27.5
.1-.4
12.2
>2
-
.015
.004
.012
.004
.002
.008
.000
12.5
90
-
.023
.008
-
. 149
.027
-
-
-
.258-.415
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(I) 3 cruises (May, July-August, September-October 1965)
Casey et al., 1973.
(2) Bi-monthly cruises (June thru October 1967) I.J.C. (1970).
(3) 12 monthly cruises (April 1969 - March 1970) Shiomi and
Chawla (1970).
(4) Nitrate only.
1-4
-------
I
U"!
INTERNATIONAL FIELD YEAR
**- FOR THE
GREAT LAKES
LAKE ONTARIO
SCALC IN MILES
0 10 2
-------
J.,1 IJiiictiurgo hioauur
The Water Ro your toy Division ur v,he Q*S. Geological Survey
has maintained discharge gauging Bunions on the Niagara,
Genesee, Oswego, Black and St. Laurence Rivers for a number of
years0 These discharge measurements are reported in an annual
series of reports entitled "Wdter Resources Data for New York,
Part I Surface Water Records". Monthly discharges of each of
the tributaries are illustrated in Figure 2.1d~e, In each case
the field year was characterized by high discharges.
The Niagara River discharge measurements were made at the
head of the Niagara River at Buffalo (latitude 42051>'40"V
longitude 78°53'25" ) The discharge is determined from several
power plants at Niagara Falls plus the discharge over the falls.
Discharge measurements on the Niagara River have been made since
1860 and have averaged b73l cubic meters per second (202,000
c f s ).
For the Genesee Riveru the discharge measurements were made
from the right bank 12,2 meters (40 ft.) downstream from plant 5
of "Che Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation, 3005 meters (100
ft») upstream rrom Driving Park Avenue Bridge at Rochester and
9.8 kilometers (6.1 rnio) upstream from the mouth (latitude 43°
10^50", longitude 77°37MO"). Downstream from this location, the
Eastman Kodak Waste Disposal Plant and the Irondequoit - St. Paul
Municipal rtaste Disposal Plant contribute discharges which
2-1
-------
average 1.1 cubic meters per second (39.1 cfs) and 1.3 cubic
meters per second (45.3 cfs), respectively. These discharges are
less than 1.6% and .07% of the average Genesee discharge and will
be neglected in the loading calculations. Discharge measurements
at Rochester have been compiled since 1904 and have averaged 76.5
cubic meters per second (2696 cfs).
Discharge measurements for the Oswego River were collected
from the right bank of the river at lock 7 in Oswego, 1.3
kilometers (.8 mi.) upstream from the river mouth (latitude 43°
27V06JI and longitude 76°30/20"). Reliable discharges have been
recorded since 1933 and have averaged 180.9 cubic meters per
second (6374 cfs).
The Black River discharges have been obtained on the
downstream side of the right abutment of the Vanduzee Street
Bridge at rtatertown, 5.6 kilometers (3.5 mi.) upstream from
Philomel Creek. Discharge determinations on the Black were first
recorded in 1920. Over this period, the discharge averaged 109.1
cubic meters per second (3845 cfs).
St. Lawrence River discharges have been determined since
1860 and have averaged 6798.1 cubic meters per second (239,600
cfs). These measurements are made at the Robert Moses - Robert
H. Sanders power dam on Lake St. Lawrence on the International
Boundary at Cornwall, Ontario, 4.67 kilometers (2.9 :ni.) upstream
from the Grass River, 10 kilometers (6.2 mi.) upstream from the
Raquette River and 9.5 kilometers (5.9 mi.) northeast of Massena,
New York (latitude 45°00'22", longitude 74°47'43").
2-2
-------
',-',< *."!. i,:Iotv
t'.jcor samples iruiii oucti or the tributary streams were
gather ~*d at 2 to J ray intervals uiougnout the fluid year. The
1 oca!", i.onu ur uic rjaui.) i.> ng s M,U^ arc indicated in Fig. 2.2. faole
,2,, I liics the ')vorc3cjc rruqu^-ticy or nmasurernent for each of the
U,,ju :5Ci uuitts together v;ith nhu period during which the samples
were rjd i-hcrud.. On each occasion 4 i -liter grab samples were
obc<.u'nod fro'i) o depth of I tiieter u^ing a non-metallic PCV-type
suin|jicr. A .ichumatic or thu aampiu handling procedure is
provicrjd in Hitjure 2UJ.
"ihu iMiag;,ra River sarduloa were obtained near the Coast Guard
ij'ca'oiun just bolov/ Fore Ni^gurcj. (jcnusee River .samples were
tfiktiii ut u point near thu Navui Militia Station at the mouth of
tho rxvurr, For the Oswugo Rivur, the sampling location tvas near
i.he. Delaware,, Lackawannu and riustern Railroad br?.dge which is J
block.; upstream from th i/uru taken adjacent to the
cono (;to Jock at thu Now York Department of Environmental
Oon.su rva c i on at Cape Vi.nccnt, In the winter, sample water v/as
pumped inside the NYSDb'C orfice.
.. 2. 2 Field analysis
One of the 4 I-liter jrab satuplos v/as analyzed in situ to
determine water temoerature, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and pH.
-------
A mercury thermometer was used to determine the water
temperature which was reported in degrees Celcius. The
concentration of dissolved oxygen, measured in milligrams per
liter, was ascertained by means of a rtinkler titration; this
procedure is described on p. 474 of "Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Waste Water". The alkalinity of the
sample was determined by a titration with .02 Normal H2S()4 to a
pH of 4.5 as described on p. 55 of the same reference; the
alkalinity is reported as milligrams per liter of calcium
carbonate. A Leeds and i^orthrup field meter was used for the pH
determination. Field chemistry is tabulated in Appendix A,
Tables A-N9, A-G9, A-09 and A-S9. Field measurements for the
Black River are not available.
2.2.3 Laboratory analysis
Laboratory analysis for nutrient, major ion and metals
concentrations was performed on the remaining 3 1-liter grab
samples at the laboratory of U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Rochester (N.Y.) Field Office. One of these samples was
frozen after collection and later thawed and used for the
determination of total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphate and
chloride concentrations. The second sample was filtered through
a Millipore filter (0.45 micron poresize) and also frozen at the
sampling site. In the laboratory this sample was thawed and
analyzed for concentrations of sulfate, silica, fluoride,
nitrite-nitrate, ammonia, dissolved orthophosphate and total
filterable phosphate. The third sample was preserved by
-------
acidification with 2 MJ II :',litcru of concentrated ni'cric acid and
later used to determino total organic carbon, mugnesiuia,
manganese, iron, potassium, aodiusa, calcium, zinc, nickel,
copper^ cadmium, load and mercury concentrations.
Appendix C gives detailed information on the laboratory
techniques used for the chemical analyses. Tho concentrations
are tabulated in Appendix A, Tables A-N1 through A-N8 for the
Niagara River0 A-GI through A-G8 for the Genesee River, A-01
though A~()8 for the Oswego River, A-BI through A-38 for the Black
River and A-SI through A-S8 for the St0 Lawrence River. In
Chapter 3 the loadings associated with each of the chemical
concentrations are calculated and discussed.
2.3 Lake sampling
2U 3»1 Locations
Figure 2.2 is a nup of Lake Ontario which shows the
locations of each of the sampling stations and the planned route
of the sampling vessel,, Listed in Table 2.2 are the latitude and
longitude coordinates of the station locations together with the
depth of the lake at each of these locations. At each of the
stations,, water samples were drawn from the surface to the
maximum depth of the station at intervals of approximately D, 10,
15, 20V 23, 30., 40, 50, 100, 150 and 200 meters. Samples were
obtained on a total of li cruises which occurred between May I,
1972 and June 15, 1973 (see Table 2.3).
2-5
-------
2.3.2 Procedures
The sampling procedures required a General Oceanics rosette
multibottle sampling array which sequentially gathered samples
below each station. Each of the 5-liter samples was split upon
retrieval, with 3 1-liter samples destined for laboratory
analysis and 2 samples for immediate field analysis. Fig. 2.3 is
a schematic indicating the processing procedure for the materials
balance samples. One of the 3 laboratory samples was immediatel/
frozen and later thawed for the determination of total Kjeldahl
nitrogen and total phosphate. A second laboratory sample was
first filtered through a Millipore filter (0.45 micron pore size)
and then frozen. In the laboratory this sample was thawed and
analyzed for the concentrations of sulfate, silica, fluoride,
nitrite-nitrate, ammonia, dissolved orthophosphate and total
filterable phosphate. The third laboratory sample was acidified
with 2 milliliters of concentrated nitric acid and used to
determine total organic carbon, magnesium, manganese, iron,
potassium, sodium, calcium, zinc, nickel and cadmium
concentrations. Field measurements were carried out as described
in Section 2.2.2. Table 2.4 shows the number of measurements of
each substance taken on each cruise. Table 2.5 supplies a
weather summary for each of the cruises.
Appendix C provides a description of the laboratory
techniques used for the chemical analyses. The concentrations
are tabulated in Appendix 6, 13-11 through B-XI7. Chapter 4
provides a discussion of the lake chemical content and
comparisons with previous studies.
2-6
-------
Tciblu 201 List or Periods and Frequency of Scrediii Sampling
Rivor
N la gar a
Genesee
Os w ego
Black
Sto Lawrence
Sampling
Star ced
April
April
April
April
May \i
3, 1972
10, 1972
8, .1972
4, 1972
3, 1972
Suppling Frequency of
Ended Sampling (days)
May 23,
May 28,
May 3 1 ,
May 1 , 1
March 28
1973
1973
1973
973
, 1973
3
3
2
2
3
2-7
-------
Table 2.2 Materials Balance Sampling Stations
Station
Number
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
-12
13
14
15
17
19
20
23
24
26
27
30
31
32
34
35
36
38
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
52
Latitude
XX°XX'XX"
43 22 48
43 15 36
43 13 12
43 16 48
43 21 36
43 26 24
43 32 24
43 36 00
43 25 12
43 19 12
43 15 36
43 19 12
43 1.7 24
43 24 00
43 33 00
43 45 36
43 49 48
43 43 48
43 39 00
43 30 36
43 26 24
43 21 36
43 23 24
43 32 24
43 45 00
43 52 48
43 55 12
43 45 36
43 31 48
43 23 24
43 23 24
43 27 00
43 31 12
43 35 24
43 43 48
43 49 12
43 55 48
43 56 24
43 49 48
Longitude
XX°XX'XX"
79 40 48
79 38 24
79 25 12
79 26 24
79 28 48
79 30 00
79 33 00
79 21 00
79 16 48
79 14 24
79 13 12
79 04 12
79 00 00
79 00 36
79 03 36
79 07 12
78 51 00
78 49 12
78 48 00
78 46 12
78 44 24
78 43 48
78 30 00
78 30 00
78 30 00
78 30 00
78 14 24
78 13 48
78 12 36
78 12 00
77 59 24
78 00 00
78 00 00
78 00 36
78 01 12
78 02 24
78 03 00
77 40 48
77 41 24
Depth at Station
(meters)
33
16
15
66
95
82
16
15
119
90
55
10
10
102
130
14
18
82
114
146
128
20
28
171
85
18
14
99
175
9
1 5
120
174
183
120
72
26
20
65
Type of
Station*
X
X
X
S
X
S
X
X
XX ,S
S
x,s
S
x.s
x.s
X
X
x.s
S
XX, S
x,s
S
x.s
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x,s
S
X
XX ,S
x,s
S
x,s
X
X
2-8
-------
Table 2.2 (continued)
Station
Number
54
56
59
60
62
64
66
67
69
71
72
73
74
75
77
78
79
83
85
89
90
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
103
105
Latitude
XX°XX'XX"
43 39 36
43 27 00
43 21 36
43 15 36
43 28 48
43 41 24
43 54 36
43 49 12
43 3S 24
43 23 24
43 18 00
43 18 00
43 25 12
43 29 24
43 40 12
43 48 00
43 53 24
43 44 24
43 36 00
43 25 12
43 28 12
43 40 12
43 43 12
43 50 24
43 t>4 00
43 58 48
44 00 36
44 04 48
44 00 00
43 45 00
43 33 00
Longitude C
XX°XX'XX"
77 43 12
77 44 24
77 45 00
77 30 00
77 30 00
77 30 00
77 30 00
77 15 00
77 15 00
77 15 00
77 15 00
76 24 24
76 36 36
76 48 48
77 36 36
77 24 24
76 54 00
76 47 24
76 40 48
76 45 00
76 34 12
76 22 48
76 30 00
76 30 36
76 42 36
76 40 48
76 48 00
76 36 00
76 28 48
76 15 00
76 18 00
)epth at Static
(meters)
139
134
26
12
169
85
12
20
152
186
24
17
157
233
114
53
20
99
188
76
13
67
84
35
18
35
29
22
40
27
25
>n Type of
Station*
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X,S
S
XX, S
X, S
x,s
X
X
X
X
X
xfs
S
x,s
X
XX ,S
x,s
x,s
X
X
x,s
* Types of stations*
X - Water Quality,
XX- Master rtater Quality
S - Spring bloom.
2-9
-------
Table 2.3 Materials Balance Cruises
Number Dates Vessel
I May 1-5, 1972 Researcher
2 May 15-19, 1972 Researcher
3 Jun 12-16, 1972 Researcher
4 Jul 10-14, 1972 Researcher
5 Aug 21-25, 1972 Researcher
6 Oct 30-Nov 3, 1972 Researcher
7 Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972 Researcher
8 Feb 5-9, 1973 Limnos
9 Mar 18-23, 1973 Limnos
10 Apr 24-30, 1973 Martin Karlsen
II June 11-15, 1973 Limnos
2-10
-------
Table 2.h Nunbor of Measurements of Each Substance on Each Cruise
Substance
D.O.
PH
T . Al ka .
Anron i a
TK','
rJ02-;i03
T. Phos.
TFP
OOP
TOC
Ca 1 c i un
Magnes ium
Sor! i un
Pot or, s i un
Sulfate
F 1 uo r i de
Si 1 ica
Cadi: i un
Chropi un
Coppor
1 ron
Marten nese
N i c ko 1
Zi nc
Cr. 1
21
136
1GG
198
197
208
177
Io5
55
38
38
38
38
195
188
190
Cr. 2
98
171*
179
193
257
190
180
232
05
268
186
187
186
1SG
191
150
192
_
.
Cr. 3
l*G5
1*CO
1*60
l*U3
1*53
1*1*2
391
1*21
1+1*5
171*
92
93
93
93
31*9
1*1*3
1*1*1
Gi*
G'*
Gi*
53
53
Gi*
61*
Cr. i*
1*61
1*51
GIG
331
352
331
356
1*38
193
11*5
111
111
111
111
131
329
329
Cr. 5
1*39
1*65
1*66
391
376
1*20
1*29
329
31*0
155
128
127
127
127
377
1*31*
357
__-
78
78
78
78
78
Cr. 6
1*71
1*81*
1*83
290
379
1*08
U39
1*1*1)
321*
102
130
129
129
129
1*25
1*26
321*
...
Cr. 7
282
1*22
1*22
226
278
399
210
385
288
...
101*
101*
101*
101*
383
395
186
...
91
91
91
91
91
Cr. 8
162
60
80
96
128
100
98
115
111
111
111
111
97
98
31
31
31
31
31
Cr. 9
66
129
..;.
66
81*
101*
128
15
97
117
117
117
117
117
101*
106
85
...
110
85
110
110
110
Cr. 10
57
237
...
21*3
151*
21*1*
21*7
21*1*
231
92
...
2U1
21*6
218
...
92
92
92
92
92
Cr. 11
321*
323
71*
203
21*8
286
31*1
278
197
129
130
130
130
130
283
285
282
...
130
130
130
130
130
-------
Table 2.5 Weather Summary
Materials Balance Cruises 1972
Number Dates Max. wind
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
May
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Oct
Nov
1-5
15-19
12-16
10-14
21-25
30- Nov 3
27-Dec 2
Speed
(kts. )
25
20
32
25
16
22
30
Max. Wave
Height
(ft.)
3
0
5
3
2
5
7
Lowest
Visibility
50m
50m
50m
4km
200m
500m
2km
Length of
Cruise
(hrs. )
86
99
99
96
97
93
Number Dates
leather - % of Observations with*
Fog Drizzle Rain Snow Thunderstorms
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
May
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Oct
Nov
1-D
15-19
12-16
10-14
21-25
30-Nov 3
27-Dec 2
29
96
20
26
36
1 1
0
13
0
0
1
0
4
0
8
1
0
2
1
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
I
0
0
0
0
0
0
2-12
-------
O
N
D
M
M
Figure 2.la Niagara River Monthly Discharges - Comparison of
Field Year and Long Term Means
2-13
-------
CMS
xlO'
8
Mean Monthly Flow
Long term
Field Year
7
3
2
I
M
D
J
Figure 2.1b Genesee River Monthly Discharges
Field Year and Long Term Means
F M A M
Comparison of
2-lk
-------
CMS
xlO'
a
Mean Monthly Flow
Long term
[ '"-""'I Field Year
Figure 2.1c Oswego River Monthly Discharges
Field Year and Long Term Means
- Comparison of
2-15
-------
CMS
Iff
xlO'
Mean Monthly Flow
Long term
L. J Field Year
Fi
A
gure
2.Id Black River Monthly Discharges
Field Year and Long Term Means
of
2-16
-------
CMS xlO3
Mean Monthly Flow
Long term
Field Year
M
M
M
Figure 2.1e St. Lawrence River Monthly Discharges - Comparison of
Field Year and Long Term Means
2-17
-------
to
c
c
c
1C
x:
a
£
m
c
u
4->
a
u
oo
CM
CM
0)
to
9-1 R
18
-------
I
v->
to
f .. '96 r»
HAMILTON
Lake stations
Stream stations
Fi^uro 2.3 linp of Lake Ontario with locations of lake and stream sampling stations indicated
-------
Chapter 3
3.1 Description of Loading Analysis
Provided in chapter 3 is a monthly breakdown of the loading
contributions to Lake Ontario which includes the tributary streams,
direct municipal, direct industrial and on-lake precipitation.
fhe tributary, direct municipal and direct industrial loadings
were measured on the Canadian side of the lake by the Canadian Center
for Inland waters and reported by Casey and Salbach (1975). Results
are summarized in Tables 3.1-3.2b for each of the various chemicals
measured.
There are no direct industrial loading contributions to Lake
Ontario from the U.S. side. The U.S. direct municipal loading rates
were obtained directly from the Wilson, Rochester, Irondequoit,
Webster and Oswego sanitary treatment plants. Summed for each chemical
substance measured, these loading rates are included in Tables 3.1-
3.16.
Loadings for thd Niagara, Genesee, Oswego, Black and St. Lawrence
Rivers, are calculated as described in Casey and Salbach (1974). This
involved finding an average daily mass contribution, measured in metric
tons/day. The average daily mass was calculated to be the sum of each
daily product of concentration, times the flow rate, times the constant
.00247, divided by the number of days. Daily chemical concentrations
(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) were interoolated linearly from
measured concentrations. Daily flows were obtained from the U.S.
3-1
-------
Geological Survey.
For the U.S. minor tributaries and municipal sources, estimates
of the loading rates .were made on the basis of measured discharges
and a few isolated concentration measurements. These must be considered
to be considerably more uncertain than the major tributary loadings.
For the Canadian tributaries, the data used is from Casey and
Salbach (1974). In this case the mean daily mass was calculated as
the average flow times the average concentration, times the constant
loadings
.002.447. doth major and minor tributary*are listed in Tables 3.1-3.25.
fhe direct on-lake loading r-ates are estimated from the measured
number of inches of rainfall each month during the field year as
reported by dolsenga and Hagman (1975) and the average of the U.S.
Casey et al (1976) and Canadian (Shiomi and Kuntz (1973) Lake Ontario
basin precipitation chemistry studies. Calculated estimates of these
loading rates are also listed in Table 3.1-3.25.
3.2 Description of U. S. River basins
NIAGARA RIVER BASIN
fhe Niagara River (Fig. I.I), which drains an area of
686,400 sq. km. (264,000 sq. mi.), has a mean annual inflow to
Lake Ontario of 5,720 cumecs (202,000 cfs) and is by far the
greatest hydrologic factor influencing the chemical budget of the
lake. The distribution of this flow is quite even because of the
damping influences caused by the upstream lakes and the
regulation of Lake Superior. The result is that an essentially
steady-state flow is constantly imposed o.n Lake Ontario. A 5%
3-2
-------
error in measuring the flow of the Niagara River, based on the
long-term yearly mean, would amount to approximately 285 cumecs
(10,000 cfs)» while, for comparison, the sum of the long-term
mean flows for the Genesee, Oswego and Black Rivers is equal to
393 cumecs (14,000 cfs).
Although the Niagara River receives a lot of municipal and
industrial waste, the chemistry of the river is mainly a
reflection of the chemistry of the upper water levels of Lake
Erie. The industrial. wastes entering the river in the
Buffalo-Niagara halls area include wastes from chemical, steel,
paper and oil refineries.
During the field year the flow of the Niagara River was
greater than the long-term average (Fig. 2.la).
GENESEE RIVER BASIN
The Genesee River basin (Fig. I.I) is located in western New
York State. The basin extends southward from Lake Ontario, at
Rochester, New York, on into Pennsylvania, a distance of about
.160 km. (100 mi.). It is about 65 km. wide and covers an area of
6200 sq. km. (2400 sq. mi.). From its mouth to its origin in
Pennsylvania, the Genesee River cuts through a 685 m. (2250 ft.)
section of sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic age. These rocks
gently dip southward and strike east-west and are generally made
up of alternating beds of shales, limestones, sandstones, salts,
gypsum and mixtures of those rock types.
The ground water of the Genesee basin is, for the most part,
enriched in dissolved solids. The average annual precipitation
3-3
-------
is 86.4 cm. (34 in.). With respect to rainfall, the field year
was atypical because of tropical storm Agnes, which struck the
upstate New York area between June 21 and 26, 1972. Of the
streams draining into Lake Ontario, the Genesee River was most
affected by the storm. The annual runoff ranges from 25.4 cm.
(10 in.) to 50.8 cm. (20 in.). The long-term average runoff is
about 3D.5 cm. (14 in.). The Genesee River is regulated by a
series of dams on the main stem and several tributaries. The
principal dam, which is 66 m. (218 ft.) high, is located 50 km.
(30 mi.) above Rochester.
The population in the Genesee basin is concentrated in the
Rochester area and was about 800,000 in 1970. Economic
productivity is heavily influenced by the Rochester metropolitan
area, with both manufacturing and non-manufacturing industry.
About 70% of the land in the basin is devoted to agriculture.
Concentrated in the central portion of the basin is a small
mineral industry, the major products of which include salt,
gypsum, stone, and gravel. Near the New York - Pennsylvania
border, there are several small and generally depleted oil
fields.
The major pollution problems in the Genesee River are in the
lower and central portion of the main stem and in its
triburaries. The most serious problem area is that part of the
river that is b.elow both the Eastman Kodak Co. and the
storm-water overflows of the Rochester City sewer system.
OSrtEGO RIVER BASIN
3-4
-------
fhe Oswego River basin is situated in west-central New York
and is bounded by basins of small streams tributary to Lake
Ontario, the Genesee River basin, the Mohawk River basin and the
Black River basin. The area of the basin is 13,200 sq. km.
(b,100 sq. mi.).
The hydrological and chemical characteristics of the basin
are dominated by extensive storage in the Finger Lakes, Oneida
Lake and Onondaga Lake. fhe Oswego River originates 37 km. (23
mi.) south of Lake Ontario, at the junction of the Seneca and
Oneida Rivers, and flows northward, reaching Lake Ontario at
Oswego, N. V. In addition, the New York State Barge Canal cuts
across the basin and in some areas the Oswego and other rivers in
the basin are used as part of the canal.
The bedrock of the Oswego River basin is entirely composed
of sedimentary rocks like those of the Genesee River basin. The
surface is covered with glacial till composed of silt, sand and
gravel, with numerous cobbles and boulders.
There is considerable variation in the total annual precipi-
tation of the basin, ranging from a mean of 81 cm. (24.6 in.) in
the west-central part to .163 cm. (bO.2 in.) in the eastern part.
r'reciDitation during the field year was about 1.6 times higher
than the long-term averages. Tropical storm Agnes caused heavy
rainfall in the basin from June 21-26, 1972 with precipitation
oasin. In addition, November 19/2 showed high precipitation
levels, due to heavy snows. April 19/3 also had very high
precipitation. The basin-wide average annual runoff is about
3-5
-------
43.7 cm (17.2 in); during the field year the runoff was 86.4
cm. (34 in.).
In 19/0, the population of the Oswego River basin was about
9/0,000, about half of which was largely concentrated in the
Syracuse metropolitan area. Manufacturing is a very substantial
activity in the Syracuse and Oswego areas. Major products
include machinery, primary metals, metal products, chemicals and
transportation equipment. Agriculture is quite extensive, with
dairying and vegetable and grape growing being the principal
activities.
The principle pollution problems in the basin are discharges
from inadequate municipal treatment plants and from industrial
plants that discharge chemical, steel, paper and cannery .wastes.
BLACK RIVER BASIN
The Black River (Fig. 1.1) drains an area of 4962 sq. km.
(1916 sq. mi.) in the north-central area of New York State. It
is bounded by the St. Lawrence River basin on the north, the
Hudson and Mohawk River basins on the east, and the Oswego basin
on the southwest. The dlack River basin is approximately 121 km.
(75 mi.) long, with a maximum width of 64 km. (40 mi.).
The main stem of the Black Riv.er flows north, in general,
following a contact zone between pre-Cambrian metamorphosed
rocks, making up the Adirondack highlands, and sedimentary rocks,
principally limestone, of Silurian age. fhe eastern part of the
watershed drains the wooded Adirondacks, with elevations up to
910 m. (3000 ft.) and with many lakes and ponds due to glacial
3-6
-------
damming, Stroamflows from this area are characteristically low
in dissolved solids. The rest of the basin is mixed forest and
agricultural land, and the strearnflows are relatively high in
dissolved solids.
fnu Black River has a large annual runoff, ranking among the
highest per unit area in New York State. The average annual
runoff is 69 cm. (27 in.). During the field year the annual
runoff reached 89 cm. (35 in.). Average annual precipitation
ranges from about 76 cm. (30 in.) near the mouth to 140 cm. (55
in.) in parts of the Adirondack highlands. The basin
precipitation for the field year was atypical due to heavy rains
in the early summer of 1972 and spring of 1973 and heavy snows in
November and December 1972. Although part of the _high
precipitation during the early summer of 1972 was the result of
tropical storm Agnes, the effects of the storm -were less dramatic
than those experienced in the Genesee and Oswego basins, which
lay more .directly along the track of the storm center.
The population, 75,000, of the Black River basin is
concentrated in the lower part of the basin. fhe woodpulp and
paper industry is the largest commercial enterprise and dairying
is the principal agricultural activity. Presently, limestone is
the only mineral product produced in significant quantities,
although deposits of iron ore, lead and zinc were mined in the
past.
fhe major pollution problems in the Black River basin occur
in the central and lower sections of the river and are caused by
3-7
-------
the woodpulp and paper industry.
ST. LAURENCE RIVER 8ASIN
The St. Lawrence River (Fig. I.I) is the stream by which
Lake Ontario is drained. The long-term mean annual flow of the
river is 68,025 cumecs (240,200 cfs). During the field year the
flow of the St. Lawrence River was greater than the long-term
average (Fig. 2.1 a). The outflow of the St. Lawrence River is
regulated, as needed, by one of t.wo dams* one at Iroquois,
Ontario, and the other, the Robert Moses Dam, somewhat further
downstream. This regulation of flow in turn affects the level of
Lake Ontario. Before and during the early part of the Field
Year, the incoming flows plus precipitation on the lake exceeded
the outflow of the St. Lawrence River, causing the volume of Lake
Ontario to increase by about \% or nearly I meter (3 ft.).
3.3 Nutrients
TOTAL PHOSPHATE
Figure 3.1 shows the monthly mean loadings of total
phosphate (TP), reported as phosphorus, to Lake Ontario from the
principal streams, rthile the mean monthly loadings, in a broad
sense, follow the pattern of the mean monthly streamflows (Fig.
2.1 a through 2.le), percentage changes observed in the loadings
are usually significantly greater than corresponding percentage
changes in streamflow, indicating significant changes in stream
chemistry. This is what one would expect for an ion which is
involved in biogeochemical processes. The TP loading pattern of
the Niagara River, which reflects the biogeochemical
3-8
-------
characteristics of Lake Erie, Is more varied than that of the St.
Lawrence Rivur waich is sfnootho
Histograms of the IP e CM'rent rat ions are shown in Figure 3.2f
as are also the mean, standard deviation, median and number of
samples. The histograms of the Niagara, Black and St. Lawrence
River;; are narrow in ranyo and ueyatively skewed, the histogram
or the Oswcgo Rivor is broad and negatively skewed, and the
Genesee River histogram has the broadest range of concentrations.
The mean fP concentrations were as follows* Niagara .034 mg/1,
Genesee .143 mg/1, Oswego .090 rng/1, Black .033 mg/1 and St.
Lawrence .030 mg/1. For a more complete listing of the
.statistics see Tables A-N10V A-GiQ, A-OIO, A-BIO and A-S10 in the
appendix. fables A-N1, A-G1 A~0I, A-Bi and A-St in the appendix
give .a complete listing of TP concentration measurements for the
principal U.S. rivers.
The concentration of IP was weakly correlated to streamflow
in the Oswego River and Genesee Rivers, as shown on fable 3.27.
Little if any correlation exists between TP concentration and
streamflow in the Black River. No a.ttempt was made at
correlating TP concentrations with streamflow for the Niagara and
St. Lawrence Rivers because of their regulated streamflows. The
log-log correlation coefficients were as follows* Genesee .144,
Oswego -.257 and Black -.062. The regression relationship was
C=kQ , where C=concentration, Q=streamflo.w and k and n are
constants.
Table 3. I lists the monthly average and field year average
3-9
-------
loads, expressed as metric tons per day, carried to and from the
lake by streams, municipal and industrial discharges, and
precipitation. ihe table also lists the calculated average and
field year average net load (see Chapter 5) to the lake. The
average field year net load to the lake .was 27.6 metric tons/day
(30.4 tons/day). The monthly average net load ranged from 7.2
metric tons/day (7.9 tons/day) in August to 55.4 metric tons/day
(61 tons/day) in December. The mean input during the field year
was 49.b metric tons/day (55 tons/day). Of the total mean input
to Lake Ontario, 42% was contributed by the Niagara River, 16% by
Canadian municipal and industrial discharges, 12% by U.S. minor
tributaries, 12% by precipitation, 7% by Canadian tributaries, 5%
by the Oswego, 4% by the Genesee, 1% by the Black and
-------
loadings of the other streams tend to follow the pattern of the
mean monthly streamflows. The Genesee River has the most varied
mean monthly OOP loadings.
Histograms of the LK)P concentrations observed for the
principal streams are sho.wn on Mgure 3.6, as are the mean,
standard deviation, median and number of samples. The histograms
of the Niagara, Black, Oswego and St. Lawrence Rivers are
negatively skewed. fhe histogram of OOP concentrations of the
Genesee River suggests that the distribution is bimodal. This
bimodai distribution may have been the result of the Agnes storm
and therefore is probably no.t what might be expected year to
year. The mean OOP concentrations were as follows* Niagara .004
mg/1, Genesee .033 mg/1, Oswego .026 mg/1. Black .004 mg/1 and
the St. Lawrence .006 mg/1. For a more complete listing of the
statistics see fables A-NIO, A-GiO, A-010, A-BIO and A-S10 in the
appendix. Tables A-NI, A-G1, A-01, A-Bl and A-SI in the appendix
give a complete listing of the OOP concentration measurements for
the principal U.S. rivers.
The concentration of OOP was moderately related to
streamflow in the Genesee River, as may be seen in Table 3.27.
No significant relationship between OOP concentrations and
streamflow was established for the Oswego and Black Rivers. The
correlation coefficients were as follows* Genesee -.bOO, Oswego
.021, and dlack .000. The regression relationship was C=kQ ,
where C=concentration, Q=streamflow and k and n are constants.
Table 3.3 lists the monthly average and field year average
3-11
-------
OOP loads, expressed as metric tons of phosphorus per day,
carried to and from Lake Ontario by streams, municipal and
industrial discharges, and precipitation. fhe table also lists
the calculated average monthly and field year net load (see
Chapter 5) for Lake Ontario. The average net load to the lake
during the field year was 10 metric tons/day (II tons/day). fhe
peak monthly net load, which occurred in December 1972, was 17.2
metric tons/day (19 tons/day). fhe total mean field year input
to Lake Ontario was 14.6 metric tons/day (16 tons/day). Of the
total mean field year input to Lake Ontario, 37% was contributed
by Canadian municipal and industrial discharges, 17% by U.S.
minor tributaries, 16% by precipitation, 15% by the Niagara
rtiver, 6% by Canadian tributaries, 5% by the Oswego River, 2% by
the Genesee, 1% by the Black River and 1% by U. S. municipal
discharges. Approximately 08% of the OOP load to Lake Ontario
was retained or was transported from the lake as another form of
phosphorus.
NIfRITE-NITHATE
fhe monthly mean loadings of nitrite-nitrate, reported as
nitrogen, to Lake Ontario from the principal streams are shown on
Figure 3.7. While in the overall sense these monthly loadings
tend to follow the mean monthly streamflows (Figures 2.la through
2.1e), there are distinct differences. The most significant of
these differences is the increase in nitrite-nitrate loadings
observed in the St. Lawrence River from a low in September 1972
to a high in March 1973. This upward trend in loadings was not
3-12
-------
affected by the decrease in streamflow which occurred in October,
iNiovember and December. In addition, the low which was observed
in September 1972 occurred during a period of near maximum flow.
In the Niagara River also, a nitrite-nitrate minimum load was
observed in September. The Genesee, Oswego and dlack Rivers also
show a September minimum followed by a gradual rise into the
winter months and a tendency to decrease during the spring
months.
Histograms of the nitrite-nitrate concentrations observed
for the principal streams are sho.wn in Figure 3.8, as are also
the mean, standard deviation, median and number of samples. The
histograms of the Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers are negatively
skewed and have a relatively narrow range. The histograms of the
Genesee, Oswego and Black are near normal with a broader range of
concentrations. The Genesee River displayed the broadest range
of all. The mean concentrations observed were as follows*
Niagara .191 mg/1, Genesee .768 mg/1, Oswego .503 mg/1. Black
.335 mg/1 and the St. Lawrence .187 mg/1. For a more complete
listi.ng of the statistics see fables A-NIO, A-G10, A-olO, A-B1G
and A-S10 in the appendix. Tables A-N2, A-G2, A-02, A-B2 and
A-S2 in the appendix give a compl.ete listing of the
nitrite-nitrate concentration measurements for the principal
rivers.
The concentration of nitrite-nitrate was related to
streamflow in the Genesee, black and Oswego, as shown on Table
3.27. This relationship was weak for the Genesee and moderate
3-13
-------
for both the Oswego and Black. The log-log correlation
coefficients were as follows* Genesee .231, Oswego .533 and
Black .572. The regression relationship was C=kQ , where
C=concentration, Q=streamflow and k and n are constants.
Table 3.4 lists the monthly average and field year average
loads of .nitrite-nitrate, expressed as metric tons of nitrogen
per day, carried to and from Lake Ontario by streams, municipal
and industrial discharges, and precipitation. The table also
lists the calculated average monthly and average field year net
load (see Chapter 5) for Lake Ontario. The average Field Year
net load was 110.4 metric tons/day (122 tons/day). The maximum
average monthly net load of 262.5 metric tons/day (290 tons/day)
occured in June 1972, while the minimum net load, 10.9 metric
tons/day (12 tons/day), occurred in August 1972. The total mean
input to Lake Ontario during the field year was 254.9 metric
tons/day (281 tons/day). Of this amount, 49% was carried by the
Niagara tfiver,23% by precipitation, 8% by U.S. minor tributaries,
6% by the Oswego, 5% by Canadian tributaries, 4% by the Genesee,
3% by the Black, 1% by Canadian municipal and industrial
discharges and <1% by U. S. municipal discharge. Of the total
mean nitrite-nitrate input, approximately 43% is retained in Lake
Ontario or is removed in another form. It can be seen from the
above percentages that almost one-quarter of the nitrite-nitrate
input to Lake Ontario is from direct rainfall.
AMMONIA
Figure 3.9 shows the monthly mean loadings of ammonia.
3-14
-------
reported as metric tons of nitrogen per day, to Lake Ontario from
the principal s-treams. The ammonia loadings of the Niagara River
are varied and are quite different from the smooth loading
patterns observed for the St. Lawrence River. The loadings of
the St. Lawrence, Black, Oswego and Genesee do, in a broad sense,
follow the monthly mean streamflow patterns (Figures 2.la through
2.le)» however, in April and May, while streamflows increased,
the ammonia load of the St. Lawrence decreased.
Histograms of the ammonia concentrations observed for the
principal streams are shown in Figure 3.10, as are also the mean,
standard deviation, median and number of samples. The histograms
of the Niagara, Black and St. Lawrence Rivers are negatively
skewed, with the range of values for the Niagara and St. Lawrence
being relatively narrow. The histograms for the Genesee and
Oswego Rivers show a wide range of values and the distribution is
nearly uniform. The mean ammonia concentrations were as follows*
Niagara .J40 mg/1, Genesee .221 mg/1, Oswego .185 mg/1. Black
.083 mg/1 and St. Lawrence .026 mg/1. For a more complete
listing of the statistics see fables A-NIO, A-GIO, A-OIO, A-BIO
and A-S10 in the appendix. fables A-N2, A-G2, A-02, A-B2 and
A-S2 in the appendix give a compLete listing of the ammonia
concentration values for the principal U.S. rivers.
The concentration of ammonia was weakly related to
streamflow in the Genesee, Oswego and Black Rivers, as indicated
on Table 3.27. The log-log correlation coefficients were as
follows* Genesee -.377, Os-wego .253, and Black .226. fhe
3-15
-------
regression relationship was C=kQ , where C=concentration,
Q=streamflow and k and n are constants.
Table 3.5 lists the monthly average and field year average
loads, expressed as metric tons of nitrogen per day, carried to
and from Lake Ontario by streams, municipal and industrial
discharges, and precipitation. fhe table also lists the
calculated average monthly and average field year net load (see
Chapter 5) for Lake Ontario. The average net load during the
field year was 91.4 metric tons/day (10J tons/day). fhe maximum
monthly net load of ammonia occurred in November and was 159.5
metric tons/day (176 tons/day). The total mean input of ammonia
to Lake Ontario during the field year .was 109.6 metric tons/day
(121 tons/day). Of this total, 35% was contributed by rainfall,
25% by Canadian municipal and industrial discharges, 23% by the
Niagara River, 5% by the Oswego River, 4% by Canadian
tributaries, 3% by U. S. minor tributaries, 3% by U. S.
municipal discharges, 2% by the frenesee River and 1% by the Black
River. Approximately 83% of the ammonia is either retained in
the lake or leaves it in another form. The amount of ammonia
contributed to Lake Ontario by rainfall is indeed significant,
particularly in view of the fact that it can be considered a
"shock" loading.
TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN
Figure 3.11 shows the monthly mean loadings of total
Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), reported as metric tons per day of
nitrogen, to Lake Ontario from the principal streams. The TKN
3-16
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loadings of all the streams follow the mean monthly streamflow
patterns (Figures 2.1 a through 2.le)» however, the St. Lawrence
displays a greater change in the magnitude of loadings relative
to a change in streamflow than do the other s-treams.
Histograms of the TKN concentrations observed for the
principal streams are shown in Figure 3.12, as are also the mean,
standard deviation, median and number of samples. The histograms
of the Niagara, Oswego and Black are near normal, whereas the
Black is negatively skewed and the Genesee is broad and nearly
uniform. The mean fKN concentrations observed were as follows*
Niagara .180 mg/1, Genesee .409 mg/1, Oswego .41) mg/1, Black
.181 mg/1 and the St. Lawrence .200 mg/1. For a more complete
listing of the statistics see fables A-N10, A-G10, A-OJO, A-BJO,
and A-SIO in the appendix. fables A-N2, A-G2, A-02, A-B2 and
A-S2 in the appendix give a complete listing of the fKN
measurements for the principal U.S. rivers.
The relation of TKN concentration to streamflow was moderate
in the Genesee River and weak in the Black and Oswego Rivers, as
shown on Table 3.26. The log-log correlation coefficients were
as follows* Genesee -.533, Oswego -.287 and Black -.388. The
regression relationship was C=kO , where C=concentration,
Q=streamflow and k and n are constants.
The monthly average and field year average TKN loads,
expressed as metric tons of nitrogen per day, carried to and from
Lake Ontario by streams, municipal and industrial discharges, and
precipitation are shown on fable 3.6. The table also lists the
3-17
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calculated average .monthly and average field year net load for
Lake Ontario. The average field year net load .was Ib2 metric
tons/day (168 tons/day). The minimum net load occurred in
October 1972 and was 13.9 metric tons/day (15 tons/day) and the
maximum net load occurred in October 1972 and .was 227 metric
tons/day (2bO tons/day). The total mean input of TKN to the lake
was 282 metric tons/day (311 tons/day), of which 38% was
contributed by the Niagara River, 21% by precipitation, 13% by
Canadian municipal and industrial discharges, 11% by Canadian
tributaries, 8% by U. S. minor tributaries, 4% by the Oswego
River, 2% by the Genesee River, 2% by U. S. municipal discharges
and 1% by the Black River. Of the mean net load, approximately
54% of the TKN was either retained in the lake or transported out
as some other form of nitrogen.
ORGANIC NITROGEN
fhe concentration of organic nitrogen was not measured
directly, but was calculated by subtracting the concentration of
ammonia from the corresponding concentration of total Kjeldahl
nitrogen.
Figure 3.13 shows the monthly mean loadings of organic
nitrogen to Lake Ontario from the principal streams. These data
show seasonal changes in the stream chemistry, .which can be seen
in the tendency of the organic nitrogen loads to have an inverse
relationship to the monthly mean streamflows at certain times
(Figures 2. la through 2.le). The higher organic nitrogen
loadings for the months of June and July for the Genesee River
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resulted from the tropical storm "Agnes", so therefore these
months can not be considered normal early summer months. If one
assumes that the higher organic nitrogen loadings of the Niagara
(in August) and the St. Lawrence (in September) represent
seasonal biochemical change in Lakes Erie and Ontario, then it
might further be assumed that this change occurred about a month
earlier in Erie than in Ontario.
Histograms of the calculated organic nitrogen are shown on
Figure 3.14, as well as the mean, standard deviation, median and
number of samples. The histogram of the Niagara Hiver organic
nitrogen data is normal, while the others tend to be negatively
skewed. The mean concentrations of organic nitrogen were as
follows* Niagara ,15ft mg/1, Genesee .1/2 mg/1, Oswego .219 mg/1,
black .117 mg/1 and St. Lawrence .172 mg/1.
fable J.7 is a tabulation of the Lake Ontario organic
nitrogen data for the field year. It lists the mean monthly and
mean field year loads, expressed as metric tons of nitrogen per
day, carried to Lake Ontario. ihe table also lists the
calculated mean monthly and mean net load (see Chapter 5) for
Lake Ontario. The mean net load to the lake was 56.d metric
tons/day (6J tons/day). fhe monthly organic nitrogen budget
showed a deficit in September and October 19/2 of -46.7 and -61./
metric tons/day (-51 and -68 tons/day). The highest mean monthly
net load occurred in April 19/3 and was J30./ metric tons/day
(144 tons/day). The total mean input to the lake was 1/2.2
metric tons/day (190 tons/day), of which 48% was contriouted by
3-19
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the Niagara, 16% by the Canadian tributaries, 12% by the U. S.
minor tributaries, 12% by precipitation, 5% by Canadian municipal
discharges, 3% by the Oswego, 2% by the Genesee, and 1% by U. S.
municipal discharges. Approximately 33% of the organic nitrogen
entering Lake Ontario either remains in the lake or is
transported out of the lake in another form; this figure is based
o.n a comparison of the total mean input to the mean net load.
TOfAL NITROGEN
Total nitrogen (TN) concentrations were not measured
directly in the laboratory but were calculated by adding
concentrations of nitrite-nitrate to corresponding concentrations
of total Kjeldahl nitrogen. Figure 3.15 shows the monthly mean
loadings of total nitrogen to Lake Ontario from the principal
streams. In general the patterns of total nitrogen tend to
follow the mean monthly streamflow patterns, as shown on Figure
2.la through 2.1e. The relative magnitude of the loading
changes, however, appears to be greater than corresponding
changes in the mean monthly flows suggest tha.t they should be.
The 1972 data for April and May cannot be compared directly with
1973 data for those months because there .was a significant
climatic difference between the two spring seasons.
Histograms of the total nitrogen concentrations are shown in
Figure 3.15, as are also the mean, standard deviation, median and
number of samples. The histograms of the streams all display
normal distributions. The GEnesee River exhibits a wider range
of total nitrogen concentrations than do the other streams.
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Table 3.8 is a tabulation of the Lake Ontario total nitrogen
budget (input and output) for the field year. It lists the mean
monthly and mean field year loads, expressed in metric tons of
nitrogen per day. The table also lists the calculated mean
monthly and mean net load (see Chapter b). The mean net load was
256.4 metric tons (283 tons/day) per day. ihe highest mean
monthly net load occurred in June 1972 and was 406.3 metric
tons/day (447 tons/day). The second highest net load, which was
almost as great, occurred in December 1972. The lowest net load
was 70.9 metric tons/day (78 tons/day) and occurred in October
1972. The total mean input to Lake Ontario during the field year
was b31.1 metric tons/day (^8D tons/day), of which 44% was
contributed by the Niagara River, 21% by precipitation, 9% by
U.S. minor tributaries, 9% by Canadian tributaries, 7% by
Canadian municipal and industrial discharges, b% by the Oswego,
3% by the Genesee, 2% by the black and 1% by U. S. municipal
discharges. Approximately 48% of the measured input of total
nitrogen was retained in the lake.
i'Oi'AL ORGANIC CARBON
i'he 'nonthJy mean loadings of total organic carbon (IOC) to
Lake Ontario from the principal streams is shown on Figure 3.17.
The loadings of the Genesee and dlack Rivers follow the monthly
mean streamfiow patterns (Figures 2.1b and ^.ld), whereas the
Oswego River (Figure 2.lc) does not. x'his difference in the TOC
loading pattern of the Oswego versus the Black and Genesee Rivers
is most likely due to tae biochemical characteristics of the
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Finger Lak.es an.d other lakes which are drained by- the Oswego
River. The Niagara River TOG loadings are a reflection of the
biochemical characteristics of eastern Lake Erie. The TOG
loadings of the St. Lawrence are representative of the
biochemical .characteristics of Lake Ontario. There is a notable
difference, however, between the pattern of fOG loadings of the
Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers* the St. Lawrence River monthly
.mean TOG loadings are much more varied than those of the Niagara
River.
Histograms of the f()G concentrations observed for the
principal streams are shown in Figure 3.18, as are also the mean,
standard deviation, median and number of samples. The histograms
for each of the streams are fairly close to normal, with the
exception of the St. Lawrence River, .which is positively skewed.
The peak on the right upper side of the histogram for the Niagara
River is due in part to the selection of class sizes. The mean
TOG concentrations were as follows* Niagara 3.27 mg/1, Genesee
4.25 mg/1, Oswego 4.74 mg/1, Black 4.55 mg/1 and St. Lawrence
2.63 mg/1. For a more complete listing of the statistics see
fables A-N10, A-G10, A-OIO, A-BIO and A-SJO in the appendix.
Tables A-N3, A-G3, A-03, A-B3, and A-S3 in the appendix give a
complete listing of the TOG concentration measurements for the
principal U.S. rivers.
The concentration of fOG was weakly related to streamflow in
the Genesee, Oswego and Black Rivers, as shown on fable 3.27.
Because of the regulated streamflow of the Niagara and St.
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Lawrence Rivers, no attempt at correlating i'OC concentrations
with streamflow was made. The log-log correlation coefficients
were as follows* Genesee .295, Oswego .378 and Black .444. The
regression relationship was C=kQ , where C is concentration, Q is
streamflow, and k and n are constants.
fable 3.9 lists the monthly average and field year average
loads, expressed as metric tons oer day, carried to and from Lake
Ontario by streams, municipal and industrial discharges, and
precipitation. The table also lists the calculated average
monthly and average net load (see Chapter 5) for Lake Ontario.
The average net load to the lake during the field year was 1671
metric tons/day CI842 tons/da/). In September and October the
net budget of FOC to Lake Ontario showed a deficit of -102 and
-316 metric tons/day (-113 and -348 tons/day), respectively. The
mean total input to Lake Ontario during the field year was 3bOb
metric tons/day (3863 tons/day). The largest monthly mean TOC
load to Lake Ontario occurred in December 1972 and was 3283
metric tons/day (3618 tons/day). In March 1973, the net TOC load
was nearly as great at 3218 metric tons/day (3b46 tons/day), of
the total mean f()C input to Lake Ontario, 5b/« was contributed by
the Niagara River, \^% by the Canadian tributaries, 1 b/o by
precipitation, 6% by the Oswego River, 2% by municipal and
industrial discharges directly to the lake, 2% by the Black
River, 1% by the Genesee and 3% by the U. S. minor tributaries.
Most of these percentages were within expectation excepc for the
effect of precipitation, which is indeed worth noting.
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SILICA
Figure 3.19 shows the monthly mean loadings of silica to
Lake Ontario from the principal streams. fhe loadings of the
Genesee, Black and Oswego Rivers tend to follow the mean monthly
streamflow patterns (Figures 2.1bt 2.Ic and 2.Id). Although the
Niagara and St. Lawrence also generally tend to follow the
patterns of the mean monthly streamflow, Figures 2.la and 2.le
show what appears to be a significant drop in the silica load
during August and September. In addition, the relative changes
in silica load are greater for the St. Lawrence than for the
Niagara.
Histograms of the silica concentrations observed for the
principal streams are shown on Figure 3.20, as are also the mean,
standard deviation, median and number of samples. The silica
histograms are quite varied; the Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers
are negatively skewed and have a narrow range, the Genesee has a
relatively uniform and broad distribution, the Oswego appears to
be bimodal, and the Black snows a broad, near normal
distribution. The mean concentrations of silica are as follows*
Niagara ,44V mg/1, Genesee 2.942 mg/1, Oswego 1.762 mg/1. Black
3.982 mg/1 and the St. Lawrence .601 mg/1. The statistics are
listed on Tables A-NIO, A-G10, A-OIO, A-BIO and A-S10 in the
appendix. Tables A-N3, A-G3, A-03, A-B3 and A-S3 in the appendix
list the silica concentration measurements for the principal
r i v er s.
Silica concentration was related to streamflow in the
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Genesee, Oswego and Black Rivers (fable 3.27). In the Genesee
and Oswego Wivers, this relationship was weak, whila in the Black
it was moderately strong. The log-log correlation coefficients
were as follows* Genesee .266, Oswego .235 and Black -.717.
fhe regression relationship was C=kQ , where C is concentration,
Q is str.eamflow and k and n are constants.
Table 3.10 lists the monthly average and field year average
loads, expressed as metric tons of silica per day, carried to and
from Lake Ontario by the principal streams and U. S. minor
tributaries; corresponding data from other sources of silica in
the Lake Ontario basin are not available. The table also lists
the calculated average monthly net load and average field year
net load to Lake Ontario. The average field year net load was
21.9 metric tons/day (24 tons/day) and, in this case, represents
a minimum (because of the unavailable data mentioned above).
Negative monthly net loads occurred in June, July and August 1972
and in February and March 1973. These months correspond to a
period when the level of Lake Ontario was being lowered. The
total mean load was 495.6 metric tons/day (546 tons/day), of
which 53% was contributed by the Niagara, 15% by U. S. minor
tributaries, 14% by the Black, 13% by the Oswego and 5% by the
Genesee. fhe total mean input includes only the sources
of silica listed on Table 3.10.
3.4 Major Ions
SODIUM
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Figure 3.21 shows the monthly mean loadings of sodium to
Lake Ontario from the principal streams. fhe sodium loadings of
the principal U.S. rivers follow the mean monthly streamflow
patterns (Figures 2.1 a through 2.le). The Os.wego, because of
higher sodium concentrations, has greater relative changes in its
load than do the other rivers.
Histograms of the sodium concentrations observed for the
principal streams are sho.wn on Figure 3.22, as are also the mean,
standard deviation, median and number of samples. All of the
histograms are normally distributed, with the Niagara, Black and
St. Lawrence having a narrow range of concentrations and the
Genesee and Oswego Rivers having a greater range of
concentrations. The mean sodium concentrations were as follows*
Niagara 13.1 mg/1, Genesee 27.3 mg/1, Oswego 48.0 mg/1. Black 2.6
mg/1 and St. Lawrence 13.5 mg/1. For a more complete listing of
the statistics, see fables A-NIO, A-GIO, A-OIO, A-B10 and A-S10
in the appendix. fables A-N5, A-G5, A-O5, A-B5 and A-S5 in the
appendix give a complete listing of the sodium concentration
measurements for the principal U.S. rivers.
fhe concentration of sodium was related to streamflow in the
Genesee and Black Rivers but not in the Oswego River. In the
Genesee, the relation was moderately strong and in the Black it
was moderate (see Table 3.27). The correlation coefficients were
as follows* Genesee -.620, Oswego -.088 and Black -.559. fhe
regression relationship was C=kQ , where C=concentration,
Q=streamflow, and k and n are constants. It is interesting to
3-26
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note that although the geology of the Oswego and Genesee River
basins is quite similar, sodium concentrations are not related to
streamflow in the Oswego River but they are in the Genesee River.
This divergence may be due to the high degree of flow regulation
and storage on the Oswego River.
Table 3.11 lists the monthly average and field year average
loads, expressed as metric tons of sodium per day, carried to and
from Lake Ontario by the principal streams and by precipitation.
fhe table also lists the calculated average monthly and average
field year net load for Lake Ontario. i'he average annual net
load to the lake was -81.1 metric tons/day (89tons/day) which
owing to the fact that sodium input data from other sources in
the basin are not availaole, represents the minimum amount
contributed by those unavailable sources. The total mean input
of sodium from the principal tributaries and from precipitation
during the field year was 9735.4 metric tons/day, of which 79%
was contributed by the Niagara, 16% by the Oswego, 3/0 by the
Genesee, I / by precipitation and <\% by the dlack River.
HOTASSIUM
The mean monthly loadings of potassium to Lake Ontario from
the principal streams ore shown on higure 3.24. The potassium
loadings follow the patterns of the mean monthly streamflows
(Figures 2. la through 2.1e).
Histograms of the potassium concentrations observed are
shown on Figure 3.2t3, as are also the mean, standard deviation,
median and number of samples. The histograms are all fairly
3-27
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close to normal. The Genesee River has the widest range of
concentrations. The mean potassium concentrations vitere as
follows* Niagara 1.56 mg/1, Genesee 3.14 mg/1, Oswego 2.65 mg/1.
Black 0,77 mg/1 and St. Lawrence 1.51 mg/1. For a more complete
listing of the statistics, see Tables A-NJO, A-GIO, A-010, A-BIO
and A-SIO in the appendix. Tables A-N5, A-G5, A-05, A-B5 and
A-S5 in the appendix give a compl-ete listing of the potassium
concentration measurements for the principal U.S. rivers.
The concentration of potassium was weakly related to
streamflow in the Oswego River, and very .weakly related to
streamflow in the Black River (Table 3.27). There was little if
any relationship between potassium concentration and streamflow
in the Genesee Rivfir. The log-log correlation coefficients .were
as follows* Oswego .280, Black .156 and Genesee -.070. fhe
regression relationship was C=kQ , where C=concentration,
Q=streamflow and k and n are constants.
Table 3.12 lists the monthly average and field year average
loads, expressed as metric tons of po.tassium per day, carried to
and from Lake Ontario by the principal streams and by
precipitation; potassium input to Lake Ontario from other sources
is not available. fhe table also lists the calculated average
monthly and average field year net load for Lake Ontario. The
average field year net load of potassium was -16.4 metric
tons/day (18 tons/day), which in this case indicates the minimum
amount of potassium contributed to Lake Ontario from sources
other than principal streams and precipitation. The total mean
3-28
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input of potassium during the field year (excluding Canadian
sources) was J062.9 metric tons/day, of which 84% was contributed
by the Niagara, 8% by the Oswego, 4% by the Genesee, 3% by
rainfall and 1% by the Black River.
CALCIUM
Figure 3.26 shows the monthly mean loadings of calcium to
Lake Ontario from the principal streams. These loadings follow
the pattern of mean monthly streamflow, as shown on Figure 2.la
through 2.le.
Histograms of the calcium concentrations observed for the
principal streams are shown on Figure 3.27, as are also the mean,
standard deviation, median and number of samples. fhe histograms
of the Niagara and St. Lawrence calcium data are positively
skewed, whereas the histograms for the Black, Oswego and Genesee
Rivers are near normal. The mean calcium concentrations were as
follows' Niagara 32.3 mg/1, Genesee 43.7 mg/1, Oswego 6b.7 mg/1.
Black 1U.5 mg/1 and St. Lawrence 32.ti mg/1. For a more complete
listing of the statistics, see iables A-NIO, A-GIO, A-OIO, A-H10
and A-olO in the appendix. Tables A-Nb, A-G5, A-Ob, A-Bb and
A-S;> in the appendix give a complete listing of the calcium
concentration measurements for the principal U.S. rivers.
The concentration of calcium was weakly related to
streamflow in the Genesee and Oswego Rivers (Table 3.27). In the
Black River, little or no relation between calcium concentration
and streamflow existed. The correlation coefficients were as
follows* Genesee -,40V, Os.wego . 23b and Black -.087. The
3-29
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regression relationship was C=kQ , where C=concentration,
Q=str.eamf low and k and n are constants.
Table 3.13 lists the monthly average and field year average
loads, expressed as metric tons of calcium per day, carried to
and from Lake Ontario by principal streams and precipitation.
The table also lists the calculated average .monthly and average
field year net load to Lake Ontario. Calcium data from other
sources are not available. During the field year, the average
net load to Lake Ontario was -1057.6 metric tons/day. Inasmuch
as the annual net load is negative and budgetary data is
incomplete, this figure represents the minimum amount of calcium
being contributed- from other sources. fhe change from negative
loadings in 1972 to positive loadings in 1973 is attributed to
the regulation of the St. Lawrence flow. During the period from
May to December 1972, the outflow from Lake Ontario via the St.
Lawrence River .was maximized in order to lower the level of the
lake. In December the outflow was cutback, and the inflow began
to equal or exceed the outflow. The mean total calcium input to
Lake Ontario during the field year (excluding Canadian sources)
was 22,4o4 me.tric tons/day (24,755 tons/day), of which 87% was
contributed by the Niagara, 9% by the Oswego, 2% by the Genesee,
1% by the Black and 1% by precipitation.
MAGNESIUM
Figure 3.28 shows the monthly mean loadings of magnesium to
Lake Ontario from principal streams. The magnesium loadings, in
an overall sense, follow tne mean monthly streamflow patterns.
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(Figures 2. la through 2.1e).
Histograms of the magnesium concentrations observed for the
principal streams are sho.wn on Figure 3.29, as are also the mean,
standard deviation, median, and number of samples. The
histograms of the Niagara, Genesee, Black and St. Lawrence Rivers
are normal. The histogram of the magnesium concentrations of the
Oswego River is irregular. fhe mean magnesium concentrations
were as follows* Niagara 7.9b mg/1, Genesee 12.36 mg/1, Oswego
12.39 mg/1. Black 1.25 mg/1 and the St. Lawrence 7.68 mg/1. For
a- more compl.ete listing of the statistics, see fables A-N10,
A-G10, A-010, A-dlO and A-SIO in the appendix. fables A-N6,
A-G6, A-06, A-B6, and A-36 in the appendix give a complete
listing of the magnesium measurements for the principal U.S.
r i v er s.
The concentration of magnesium was weakly related to
streamflow in the Genesee River (Table 3.27); in the Oswego and
Black Rivers, this relationship was even .weaker. fhe log-log
correlation coefficients were as follows* Genesee -.267, Oswego
.121, and Slack . 1 1 D. fhe regression relationship was C=kQ ,
where C is concentration, Q is streamflow, and k and n are
constants.
fable 3.14 lists the monthly average and field year average
loads, expressed as metric tons of magnesium per day, carried to
and from Lake Ontario by principal streams and precipitation;
data from other sources of magnesium input to the lake are
unavailable. The table also lists the calculated average monthly
3-31
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and average field year net load. During the field year the
average net load to the lake was -94.8 metric tons/day. fhis
figure, owing to the fact that the magnesium budgetary data was
incomplete and the load was negative, represents the minimum
amount coming into the lake from other sources. The total mean
input of magaesiura (excluding Canadian sources) to the lake was
5338.7 metric tons/day, of which 89% was contributed by the
Niagara, 7% by the Oswego, 3% by the Genesee, 1% by precipitation
and <1% by the Black.
SULFATE
Figure 3.30 shows the monthly mean loadings of sulfate to
Lak.e Ontario from the principal streams. The sulfate data
collected and analyzed in the early months of the field year was
questionable and, therefore, was not included. fhe stream
loadings closely follow the mean monthly streamflow patterns
(Figures 2.I a through 2.1e).
Histograms of the sulfate concentrations observed for the
principal streams are shown in Figure 3.31, as are also the mean,
standard deviation, median and number of samples. The histograms
are all normal, with the Niagara, Black and St. Lawrence Rivers
having rather narrow distributions and the Genesee and Oswego
Rivers having relatively broad distributions. The apparent
skewedness of the Niagara and Black River histograms is caused b/
the class size which was used. The mean concentrations were as
follows* Niagara 25.1 mg/1, Genesee 47.9 mg/1, Oswego 52.4 mg/1.
Black 9.6 mg/1, and St. Lawrence 27.4 mg/1. For a listing of the
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statistics, see Tables A-NIO, A-GIO, A-OIO, A-BIO and A-S10 in
the appendix. Tables A-N3, A-03, A-03, A-B3 and A-S3 in the
appendix give a complete listing of the sulfate concentration
measurements for the principal U.S. rivers.
The concentration of sulfate was moderately related to
streamflow in the Genesee rtiver (Table 3.27), but in the Black
and Osweqo Rivers, little if any such relation existed. The
log-log correlation coefficients were as follows* Genesee -.545,
Oswego -.091 and Black .024. The regression relationship was
C=kQ , where C=concentration, Q=streamflow, and k and n are
constants. Although one .would normally expect sulfate to be
related to streamflow in the Oswego Wiver because of the basin-'s
geology, the fact that it does not appear to be so may be due to
the effect of streamflow regulation and storage.
Table 3.15 lists the monthly average and field year average
loads, expressed as metric tons of sulfate per day, carried to
and from Lake Ontario by streams, municipal and industrial
discharges, and precipitation. The table also lists the
calculated average monthly and average field year net load (see
Jhapter 5) to Lake Ontario. i'he average net load was 622 metric
tons/day (68^ tons/day). In October and November of 1972 and ,4ay
1973, the net budget of sulfate to Lake Ontario showed a deficit
or -/536, -229 and -289 metric tons/day (H305, 252, and 318
tons/day), respectively. This deficit, however, was most likely
due to changes in trie hydrologic budget, which resulted in a
lowering of the lake level (sulfate being removed from storage),
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rather than to any changes in basin sulfa.te chemistry. The total
mean input to Lake Ontario during the field year was 19,472
metric tons/day (21,458 tons/day), of which 75% was contributed
by the Niagara River, 7% by the Oswego River, 7% by Canadian
tributaries, 4% by U. S. minor tributaries, 3% by precipitation,
2% by the Genesee River, 1% by the Black River, 1% by Canadian
municipal and industrial discharges, and
-------
standard deviation, median and number of samples. fhe histogram
of the dlack River is negatively skewed. The rest of the
principal U.S. rivers all have normal distributions (the apparent
skewedness of the Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers is due to the
size class which was selected). The histogram of the Oswego is
quite broad, whereas the other rivers are narrow. The mean
chloride concentrations were as follows' Niagara 2i.3 mg/1,
Genesee 40.0 mg/1, Oswego 123.4 mg/1, Black 1.9 mg/1 and the St.
Lawrence 28.7 mg/1. For a more complete listing of the
statistics, see fables A-NIO, A-GIO, A-OIO, A-BIO and A-S10 in
the appendix. fables A-N4, A-G4, A-04, A-B4 and A-S4 in the
appendix give a complete listing of the chloride concentration
measurements for the principal U.S. rivers.
The concentration of chloride was strongly negatively
related to streamflow in the Genesee River and moderately
negatively related in tne Oswego River (labie 3.27). No valid
reiationsnip was observed for the black River. The log-log
correlation coefficients were as follows* Genesee -,/02, Oswego
-.344 and Black .098. ihe lesser correlation coefficient of tne
Osrfeqo as compared to the Genesee reflects the large amount of
water storage in tne Oswego basin. i'he regression relationship
,yas J=kQ , where ^concentration, Q=streamflow and k and n are
constan ts.
fable 3.16 lists tne monthly average and rieJd year average
leads, expressed aq metric tons per day, transported to and from
Lake Ontario by streams, municipal and industrial discharges and
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precipitation. The table also lists the calculated average
monthly and average field year net load for Lake Ontario. The
average net load to the lake during the Field Year was -604
metric tons/day (-666 tons/day). This apparent deficit resulted
from the fact that during the summer months the flow out of Lake
Ontario via the St. Lawrence River exceeded Inflow, and,
therefore, the chloride was, in effect, coming out of storage as
the lake level was lowered. Conversely, the largest net load
occurred in December, when the Niagara flow was up and the St.
Lawrence flow was decreasing. fhe mean input during the field
year .was 20,663 metric tons/day (22,770 tons/day). Of the total
mean chloride load to Lake Ontario, 71% .was contributed by the
Niagara River, 17% by the Oswego, 4% by Canadian tributaries, 3%
by U. S. minor tributaries, 2% by the Genesee, 2% by municipal
and industrial discharges, <1% by the Black and <1% by
precipitation. The apparent deficit of -604 metric tons/day
caused by the lowering of Lake Ontario water levels amounts to 3%
of the total mean field year input. If the lake level had not
been changing during the field year the chloride budget would
have balanced to less than 3%. The accuracy of the chloride
budget is quite important inasmuch as the chloride ion in the
lake environment is conservative and thus indicates the relative
accuracy of the other chemical budgets presented in this report.
FLUORIDE
Figure 3.34 shows the monthly me.an loadings of fluoride to
Lake Ontario from the principal streams. In general the loading
3-36
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patterns follow the patterns of monthly mean streamflow, as shown
on Figures 2.la through 2.1e.
Histograms of the fluoride concentrations observed for the
principal streams are shawn on Figure 3,35, as are the mean,
standard deviation, median and number of samples, fhe histograms
for all of the streams are near normal and are relatively broad.
fhe mean concentrations were as follows* Niagara .115 mg/1,
Genesee .118 mg/1, Oswego .117 mg/1, Black .094 mg/1 and the St.
Lawrence .115 mg/1. For a listing of the statistics, see fables
A-N10, A-G10, A-010, A-B10 and A-S10 in the appendix. Tables
A-N4, A-G4, A-04, A-34 and A-S4 in the appendix give a complete
listing of the fluoride concentrations.
fhe concentration of fluoride was weakly related to
streamflow in the Oswego and Black Rivers and not related at all
in the Genesee River (Table 3.27). fhe correlation coefficients
were as follows* Genesee -.024, Oswego .2s4 and Black -.318.
fhe regression relationship was C=kQ , wh-ere C=concentration,
Q=streamflow, and k and n are constants.
fable 3.17 lists tne monthly average and average field year
loads, expressed as metric tons of fluoride per day, carried to
and from Lake Ontario by the principal streams; fluoride data is
not available from other sources. fhe table also lists the
calculated average .monthly and average field year net load to
Lake Ontario. fhe average net load to the lake was I.59 metric
tons/day (1.75 tons/day). In tnis case, because data from other
fluoride sources within the basin are not available, the average
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net load represents a minimum net load.
During the months of July, September and December the net
budget for the measured sources showed a deficit of 12.6, 22.5
and -34.3 metric tons/day (-13.9, -24.8 and -37.8 tons/day).
respectively. The total mean input to Lake Ontario from the
principal streams (excluding Canadian sources) was 76.9 metric
tons/day (84.7 tons/day), of which 91% was contributed by the
Niagara, 4% by the Oswego, 3% by the Black and 2% by the Genesee.
Approximately, 2% of the fluoride contributed by the principal
streams was retained.
3.5 Heavy Metals
MANGANESE
Figure 3.36 shows the mean loadings of mangaaese to Lake
Ontario from the principal streams. i'he loadings for the
Genesee, Oswego, Black and St. Lawrence Rivers, for the most
part, follow the mean monthly streamflow patterns (Figures 2.1b,
c, d and e). The Niagara River, on the other hand, shows several
large variations even though the streamflow was relatively
constant. If these data for the Niagara are valid, then one
would suspect that the cause of the higher manganese values is
local and not due to changes in Lake Erie water chemistry.
Histograms of the manganese concentrations observed for the
principal streams are shown in Figure 3.37, as are also the mean,
standard deviation, median and number of samples. The histograms
of the Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers are negatively skewed.
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while those of the Black and Oswego are near normal. The
histogram of the Genesee data shows a central normal distribution
with a suggestion of additional modes on either side of the major
.node. The mean manganuse concentrations were as follows2
Niagara .013 mg/1, Genesee .088 mg/1, Oswego .052 mg/1, Black
.041 mg/1 and St. Lawrence .005 mg/1. For a more complete
listing of the statistics see Tables A-NIO, A-GIO, A-OIO and
A-SIO in the appendix. Tables A-N6, A-G6» A-06, A-B6 and A-S6 in
the appendix give a complete listing of the manganese
concentration measurements for the principal rivers.
The concentration of manganese was related to streamflow in
the Genesee, Oswego and Black Rivers (Table 3.27) although the
relationshio in the Oswego and Black was weak and in the Genesee
it was very weak. The log-log correlation coefficients were -.133,
-.237 and .235, respectively. The regression relationship was C=kO ,
where C is concentration, = is streamflow and k and n are constants.
fable 3.18 lists tne monthly average and field year average
loads, expressed as metric tons per day,, carried to and from Lake
Ontario by principal streams and precipitation. i'he table also
lists calculated average monthly and average field year net load
to Lake Ontario. Manganese data from Canadian sources and U. S.
runor tributaries are not available. The average net load to the
lake was 10.4 metric tons/Jay C I ! .5 tons/day). i'he maximum
monthly net load occurred in December and was 24.6 metric
cons/day (2/.I tons/day). i'he total mean inout to the Ic3ke was
14.2 metric tons/day (lb.6 tons/day). Of the total mean input of
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manganese, 63% was contributed by the Niagara, 13% by
precipitation, 11% by the Oswego, 8% by the Genesee, 5% by the
Black. The total mean input includes only the sources listed in
Table 3.18. Approximately 73% of the measured manganese input to
the lake was retained.
IRON
Figure 3.37 shows the monthly mean loadings of iron from the
principal streams flowing into Lake Ontario. The loading
patterns of all of the principal streams closely resemble the
mean monthly streamflow patterns (Figures 2.la through 2.1e). A
peak load of 902 metric tons/day (994 tons/day) .was transported
by the Niagara River in December 1972; a peak load of 1116 metric
tons/day (1230 tons/day) was observed for the St. Lawrence River
in October 1972. This difference in time of occurrence of peak
loads in the two rivers is due to changes in streamflow and not
to biogeorhemical differences between Lakes Erie and Ontario.
Histograms of the iron concentrations observed are shown in
Figure 3.39, as are also the mean, standard deviation, median and
number of samples. The histograms are all negatively ske.wed and,
with the exception of the Genesee River, have a relatively narrow
range of size classes. The reason for the wider range of iron
concentrations observed for the Genesee is the high sediment load
transported by the river. The mean iron concentrations were as
follows* Niagara .320 mg/1, Genesee 4.34 mg/1, Oswego .446 mg/1,
tilack .770 mg/1 and St. Lawrence .317 mg/1. For a more complete
listing of the statistics see fAbles A-N10, A-G10, A-OIO, A-B10
3-40
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and A-S10 in the appendix. Tables A-N6, A-G6, A-06, A-B6 and
A-S6 in the appendix give a complete listing of the iron
concentrations measured at the mouths of the principal rivers.
The relationship of iron concentration to streamflow was
moderate in the Genesee, moderate to weak in the Oswego and weak
in the Black River (Table 3.27). The log-log correlation
coefficients were as follows* Genesee .614, Oswego .406 and
black -.220. The regression relationship was C=kQ , where
C=concentration, Q=streamflow and k and n are constants. In the
Gen.esee River, during January and February 1973, it was found by
using the cross-correlation function that the concentrations of
iron lagged streamflow by about twelve days. Using paired data,
having a twelve day lag, it was found that the concentrations of
iron were strongly related to streamflow and also to chloride
concentration. The conclusion was that the iron content of the
river during this time period was strongly influenced by the
spreading of common salt to clear roads of snow and ice (Casey et
al, 1976).
The monthly average and field year average loads, shown on
Table 3,19, are expressed in metric tons per day carried into and
out of Lake Ontario by streams, municipal and industrial
discharges and precipitation, i'ho table also lists the
calculated average monthly and field year net load (see Chapter
5) ror Lake Ontario. The average net load to the lake during the
field year was 148 metric tons/day (163 tons/day). fne months of
July, August, beptember and Octooer showed deficits of -III,
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-126, -273 and -757 metric tons/day (-122, -139, -301 and -834
tons/day), respectively. The mean total input to Lake Ontario
during the field year was 433 metric tons/day (477 tons/day).
The largest net load, lOlb metric tons/day (1118 tons/day),
occurred in December 1972 as a result of increasing inflow and
decreasing outflow. Of the total mean load of iron to Lake
Ontario, 65% was contributed by the Niagara River, 15% by the
Genesee, 7% by Canadian tributaries, 3% by the Black, 3% from
Canadian municipal and industrial sources, 2% by U. S. minor
tributaries and 1% by precipitation. Data for U. S. municipal
discharges were not available and, during the study period, there
were no direct discharges to Lake Ontario by U. S. industries.
Of the total mean input of iron to Lake Ontario, about 34% was
retained.
NICKEL
Figure 3.40 shows the monthly mean loadings of nickel to
Lake Ontario from the principal streams. The nickel load carried
by the Niagara River follows the mean monthly streamflow pattern
(Figure 21a) very closely; loading pa.tterns of the Genesee, Black
and St. Lawrence Rivers also follow the mean monthly streamflow
patterns (Figures 2.1b, d and e) though not so closely as the
Niagara. The nickel loadings of the Oswego, starting in July,
show a continuous increase in spite of low August, September and
October flows (Figure 2.1c) and reach a maximum in January W73.
Histograms of the nickel concentrations observed for the
principal streams are shown in Figure 3.41, as are also the mean.
3-42
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standard deviation, median and number of samples. fhe histograms
of the Niagara, Black and St. Lawrence Rivers are negatively
skewed, that of the Genesee is close to a normal distribution,
and the Oswego histogram shows a distinct bimodal distribution.
The upp.er mode on the Os-wego histogram may be an indication of
pollution by some metal processing industry. fhe mean nickel
concentrations were as follows* Niagara .010 mg/1, Genesee .015
mg/1, Oswego .025 mg/1, Black .004 mg/1 and St. Lawrence .007
mg/1. For a more complete listing of the statistics, see fables
A-N10, A-G10, A-OIO, A-B10 and A-S10 in the appendix. fables
A-N7, A-G7, A-07, A-B7 and A-S7 give a complete listing of the
.nickel concentration measurements for the principal rivers.
The concentration of nickel was weakly related to streamflow
in the Oswego River (Table 3.27). The relation of nickel
concentration to streamflow was weak in the Genesee River and
almost non-existant for the Black River. fhe log-log correlation
coefficients were as follows* Oswego -.354, Genesee .266 and
dlack -.146. The regression relationship was C=kQ , where
C=concentration, Q=streamflow and k and n are constants. It is
worth noting that the concentrations are related positively in
the Genesee, while in the dlack and Oswego Rivers the relation is
negative. fhe reason for this may be the large sedimentary load
transported by the Genesee River. fable 3.20 lists the monthly
average and field year average loads, expressed as metric tons
per day, carried to and from Lake Ontario by the principal
streams and precipitation. fhe table also lists the calculated
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average monthly net load and the average field year net load.
The average annual net load to the lake was 0.68 metric tons/day
(0.69 tons/day). During July and August, a period when the St.
Lawrence River flow .was high, the nickel budget showed a deficit
of -3.16 and -2.61 metric tons/day (-3.5 and -2.9 tons/day). A
deficit of -0.42 metric tons/day (-0.42 tons/day) also occurred
in March. The yearly mean total input to Lake Ontario from the
tributaries plus precipitation was 6.51 metric tons/day (6.6
tons/day). fhe largest net load occurred in December and was 4.4
metric tons/day (4.9 tons/day). of the total mean monthly load
to Lake Ontario, 79% was carried by the Niagara River, 13% by the
Oswego, 3% by the Genesee, 3% by precipitation and 1% by the
Black. Approximately 10% of the mean net load was retained in
the lake. The nickel load figures, however, do not take into
account the other sources of input, for which data are not
available.
COPPER
Figure 3.42 shows the monthly mean loadings of copper to
Lake Ontario from the principal streams. The copper loading
patterns for the principal streams, with the exception of the
Oswego River, all tend to follow the pattern of the mean monthly
streamflows, Figures 2.la through 2.1e. In the Oswego River,
during August, September and October, a period of relatively low
streamflow, the loadings are rather high.
Histograms of the cooper concentrations observed in the
principal screams are shown in Figure 3.43, as are also the mean.
3-44
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standard deviation, median and number of samples. The histograms
are all somewhat negatively skewed with broad distributions,
except for the Niagara Hiver, which, when compared to the other
streams, has a relatively narrow distribution. The mean
concentrations of copper were as follows* Niagara .008 mg/1,
Genesee .017 mg/1, Oswego .019 mg/1. Black .010 mg/1 and St.
Lawrence .016 mg/1. For a listing of the statistics see Tables
A-NIO, A-G10, A-010, A-BIO and A-S.10 in the appendix. Tables
A-N7, A-G7, A-O/, A-B7, and A-S7 in the appendix give a complete
listing of the copper concentration measurements for the
principal rivers.
The concentration of copper was very weakly related to
streamflow in the Genesee, Oswego and Black Rivers (Table 3.27).
The log-log correlation coefficients were as follows* Genesee
.202, Oswego -. I b6 and Black .308. The regression relationship
was C=kQ , where C=concentration, Q=streamflo.w, and k and n are
constants.
Table 3.21 lists the monthly average and field year average
loads, expressed as metric tons of copper per day, carried to and
from Lake Ontario by the principal streams and by precipitation;
data from Canadian municipal and industrial discharges and
Canadian tributaries as well as I). 5. municipal discharges and
minor tributaries are not available. The table also lists the
calculated average monthly and average field year net load to
Lake Ontario. The average net load was -b.b9 metric tons/day
(6.2 tons/day). This figure, because much of the budgetary data
3-45
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is not available, represents the minimum amount of copper which
may come from those unavailable sources. The net monthly
loadings for copper showed a deficit throughout the study year
except during December, January and February, when the relative
flow of the bt. Lawrence was reduced and the level of Lake
Ontario was increasing. i'he total average input from the listed
sources was 7.31 metric tons/day (8 tons/day), of which 67% was
contributed by the Niagara, 11% by precipitation, 11% by the
Oswego, 9% by the Gen.esee and 3% by the Black.
ZINC
The mean monthly loadings of zinc to Lake Ontario from the
principal streams are shown on figure 3.44. The loadings of the
Genesee and Black Rivers tend to follow the monthly mean
streamflow patterns (Figures 2.Ib and 2.Id), whereas the other
streams do not; for example, during the period of low flows of
August, September and October, the copper load carried by the
Oswego River (Figure 2.1c) is quite nigh. *he Niagara and St.
Lawrence Rivers exhibit large changes in the relative magnitude
of the load when compared to the monthly streamflow (Figures 2.la
and 2.1e).
Histograms of the zinc concentrations observed for the
principal streams are shown in Figure 3,4b, as are also the mean,
standard deviation, median and number of samples. The histograms
are all negatively skewed. The Genesee River histogram shows the
broadest range of values. The mean zinc concentrations were as
follows* Niagara .021 mg/1, Genesee .072 mg/1, Oswego .030 mg/1,
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Black .022 mg/1, and St. Lawrence .032 mg/1. For a listing of
the statistics, see fables A-NIO, A-GIG, A-OlO, A-BIO and A-SIO
in the appendix. fables A-N/, A-G7, A-07, A-B7 and A-S7 give a
complete listing of the observed copper concentrations for the
principal rivers.
fhe concentration of zinc was related to streamflow in the
Genesee, Oswego and Black Rivers (Table 3.27) although the
relationship was weak for the Black and very weak for the Genesee
and Oswego Rivers. The log-log correlation coefficients were as
follows* Black .308, Genesee .202 and Oswego -.156. fhe
regression relationship was C=kQ , where C=concentration,
Q=streamflow, and k and n are constants.
Table 3.22 lists the monthly average and field year average
loads, expressed as metric tons of zinc per day, carried to and
from Lake Ontario by the principal streams and by precipitation.
fhe table also lists the calculated average monthly and average
field year net load to Lake Ontario. Zinc concentration data are
not available for sources other than those listed. The average
net load was 2.5 metric tons/day (2.8 tons/day) which, because of
the lack of data from other sources of zinc, represents a minimum
load. In the months of June, July, September and October, the
monthly net load showed a deficit. fhe minimum net load was
-19.96 metric tons/day (22 tons/day), and the maximum was 26.25
metric tons/day (29 tons/day); these occurred in October and
December, respectively. The total mean input during the field
year was 26.23 metric tons/dv (19 tons/day), of which /!% was
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contributed by the Niagara, 20% by precipitation, 5% by the
Oswego, 3% by the Genesee and \% by the Black. Approximately 10%
of the measured amount of zinc contributed to the lake was
retained.
LEAD
Figure 3.46 shows the monthly mean loadings of lead to Lake
Ontario from the principal streams, rthen the loading patterns
are compared to the monthly mean- streamflaw patterns, as shown in
Figures 2.la through 2.1e, the Black River shows the closest
agreement and the Oswego River the least. The St. Lawrence River
exhibits the greatest relative change in loadings in comparison
to corresponding changes in streamflow. There is a notable
difference between the loading patterns of the Niagara and St.
Lawrence Rivers. Histograms of the lead concentrations observed
for the principal streams are shown in Figure 3.47, as is also
the mean, standard deviation, median and number of samples. The
histograms are all negatively skewed; in addition, the Oswego
River data displays two modes. The mean concentrations of lead
are as follows* Niagara .017 mg/1, Genesee .029 mg/1, Oswego
.054 mg/1, Black .012 mg/1, and the St. Lawrence .030 mg/1.
The concentration of lead was weakly related to streamflow
in the Oswego and very weakly related in the Genesee (Table
3.27). The log-log correlation coefficients were as follows
Genesee .135, Oswego -.345 and Black .061. The regression
relationship was C=kQ , where C=concentration, Q=streamflow, and
k and n are constants.
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Table 3.3 lists the monthly average and field year average
loads and the calculated average monthly and average field year
net loads, expressed as metric tons of lead per day, carried to
and from Lake Ontario by principal streams and precipitation.
Lead concentration data are not available from Canadian
industrial and municipal discharges, U.S. municipal and U.S.
minor tributary sources. The average net load was -7.86 metric
tons/day (-8.7 tons/day) whicn, because all the sources of lead
were not measured, represents the amount which may come from
those unmeasured sources. The monthly average net load data
indicates that there was a deficit in each month except January
and March. The total mean input from the listed sources was h_>.
metric tons/day (17 tons/day), of which 71% was contributed by
the Niagara, 14% by precipitation, 10% by the Oswego, 3% by the
Genesee and 1% by tne black. <*hen the average net load is
compared to the total average input, it can be seen that the
output of lead exceeds the input by approximately 51% which,
although impossible, does indicate that there must be some other
significant source of lead in the Lake Ontario basin besides
principal streams and precipitation.
CAD MI UM
The .aunthly mean loadings of cadmium to Lake Ontario from
the principal streams is shown on Figure 3.48. ihe loadings of
the Niagara, Genesee, black and St. Lawrence Rivers follow the
monthly mean streamflow patterns, (Figures 2. la, b, d, and e).
^he distinct increase in the June loadings for the Genesee River
3-49
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resulted from the Agnes storm. The loading pattern displayed by
the Oswego River is interesting in that the loadings are
relatively high in the months of August, September and October,
which was a period of low monthly mean flow (Figure 2.1c).
Figure 3.49, shows the histograms of chemical concentrations
of the principle streams as well as the mean, standard deviation,
median and number of samples. All of the histograms are
negatively skewed. The mean cadmium concentrations were as
follows* Niagara .001 mg/1, Genesee .003 mg/1, Oswego .002 mg/1
Black .002 mg/1 and the St. Lawrence .003 mg/1. For a more
complete listing of the statistics, see Tables A-NIO, A-G10,
A-OIO, A-BIO, and A-S10 in the appendix. fables A-N8, A-G8,
A-08, A-68 and A-S8 in the appendix give a complete listing of
the cadmium concentrations measured at the mouths of the
principal rivers.
The concentration of cadmium was weakly related to
streamflow in the Genesee and Black Rivers (fable 3.27). Due to
.the regulated streamflows of the Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers,
no attempt was made to correlate concentrations with streamflow.
The log-log correlation coefficients were as follows* Genesee
.210, Oswego -.058 and Black -.288. fhe regression relationship
was C=kQ , where C is concentration, Q is streamflow, and k and n
are constants, fhe positive relationships of cadmium to stream-
flow in the Genesee suggest an industrial source. The mean and
median cadmium concentrations of the Genesee River are about t>0%
higher (Figure 3.49) than those of the Oswego and Black Rivers.
3-50
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Table 3.47 lists tne monthly average and field year average
cadmium loads, expressed as metric tons per day, transported into
and out of Lake Ontario by the principal streams and by
precipitation; data of cadmium loadings to the lake from other
sources are not available. Fhe table also lists the average
monthly and field year average net loads. Inasmuch as the
chemical budget data for cadmium is incomplete, the calculated
net loadings presented are from principal tributaries plus
precipitation. The average net load to the lake was -1.22 metric
tons/day (1.3 tons/day). For each month, the net load showed a
significant and consistent deficit, indicating that a substantial
source or sources of cadmium exist in the basin besides those
listed on fable 3.3. The mean input from the principal
tributaries and precipitation during the field year was 1..QG
metric tons/day (1.0 tons/day). Of this, 79% was contributed by
the Niagara, 3% by the Genes.ee, 9% by the Oswego, 3% by the Black
and 6% by precipitation.
MERCURY
figure 3.5 shows the montniy mean loadings of mercury to Lake
Ontario from the principle streams, compiled from measurable
mercury concentrations (no "less than" concentration values were
used). Thus, these data should be viewed as representing maximum
loads and are presented here only to show the relative loads and
patterns between the streams. For a listing of the observed
mercury concentrations, see Tables A-N8, A-G8, A-08, A-b8 and
A-S8 in the appendix. For a listing of the maximum observed
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concentrations, see fablas A-NIO, A-G10, A-O10, A-BiO, and A-SIO.
It is estimated that, based on measurable samples, 85% of
the mercury transported into Lake Ontario comes from the Niagara
River, 12% from the Oswerjo, 2% from the Genesee and 2% from the
Black River. Due to the huge strearnflows in the Niagara and St.
Lawrence Rivers and the low concentrations of mercur/,
significant loading calculations .were not practical with these
data.
3.6 Field Measurements
HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION (pH)
Figure 3.52 shows the histograms of pH for the Niagara,
Genesee, Oswego and St. Lawrence Rivers. The histograms are near
normal except for the Niagara River, which has two distinct
peaks.
The mean pH was as follows* Niagara 7.58 units, Genesee
/.06 units, Oswego 7.97 units and St. Lawrence 7.72 units. For a
more complete listing of the statistics, see Tables A-NlO, A-G10,
A-OiO, and A-SIO in the appendix. Tables /V-N9, A-G9, A-09, and
A-S9 in the appendix give a complete listing of the pH values for
all the principal rivers, except the Black.
DISSOLVED OXYUtN
Histograms of dissolved oxygen are shown in Figure 3.53, as
are also the mean, standard deviation, median and number of
samples for the principal streams. fhe mean concentrations of
dissolved oxygen were as follows* Niagara 12.5 mg/1, Genesww
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12.4 mg/1, Oswego ll.b mg/1, and St. Lawrence 12.4 mg/1. No
dissolved oxygen data are available for the Black River. For a
listing of the statistics, see iables A-N10, A-GIO, A-OlO, A-B10,
and A-SIO in the appendix. Tables A-N9, A-G9, A-()9f and A-S9 in
the appendix give a complete listing of the dissolved oxygen data
for the Niagara, Genesee, Oswego and St. Lawrence Hivers.
The concentration of dissolved oxygen was very strongly
related to streamflow in the Genesee and moderately related in
the Oswego River. The log-log correlation coefficients were
-.8lb and .481, respectively (Table 3.27). The regression
relationship was C=kQ , where C=concentration, Q=streamflow and k
and n are constants. One should view this relationship of
dissolved oxygen to streamrlow with some caution because of the
strong seasonal effects.
HATER TEMPERATURE
Histograms of temperature data from the principal streams
are shown in Figure 3.b6v as are also the mean, stanJjj i
deviation, median and number of samples.
The mean temperatures were as follows* Niagara 12.1 0.,
Genesee 10.J Cu , Oswego 11.3
-------
A-NIO, A-GIO, A-OIO, and A-S10 in the appendix give a more
compl.ete listing of the statistics. Tables A-N9, A-G9, A-09, and
A-S9 in the appendix give a complete listing of the temperature
data collected.
I'DfAL ALKALINITY
Figure 3.54 shows the mean monthly loadings of total alkalinity
to Lake Ontario from the principal streams, reported as metric
tons of calcium carbonate per day. The loadings of the Niagara,
Genesee, Oswego and St. Lawrence Rivers follow the monthly mean
streamflow patterns (Figures 2.la through 2.1e). No data is
available from the Black River.
Histograms of total alkalinity are shown in Figure 3.55, as
are also the mean, standard deviation, median and number of
samples. The histograms for each of the streams are fairly close
to normal. The mean total alkalinity concentrations were as
follows* Niagara 83.6 mg/1, Genesee 79.0 mg/1, Oswego 113.6 mg/1
and the St. Lawrence 72.5 mg/1. For a more complete listing of
the statistics, see Tables A-NIO, A-GIO, A-OIO and A-SIO in the
appendix. Tables A-N9, A-G9, A-09, and A-S9 in the appendix give
a complete listing of the total alkalinity for the Niagara,
Genesee, Oswego and St. Lawrence Rivers.
The concentration of total alkalinity .was related to stream-
flow in the Genesee and Oswego Hivers (Table 3.27); the
relationship was moderately strong in the Genesee River and very
weak in tne Oswego River. The log-log correlation coefficients
were as follows* Genesee -.619 and Oswego -.135. The regression
3-54
-------
relationship was C=kQ , where C=concentration, Q=streamflow and k
and n are constants.
Table 3.3 lists the monthly average and field year average
loads, expressed as metric tons per day of calcium carbonate,
carried to and from Lake Ontario by principal streams and U.S.
minor tributaries. In May, July, August, September and November
the net loadings showed a deficit. The mean net load was 2878.7
metric tons/day (3172 tons/day). The maximum net load occurred
in January 1973 and was 18764.8 metric tons/day (20679 tons/day).
i'he total mean input during the field year was 546)1.2 metric
tons/day (60182 tons/day), of which 88% was contributed by the
Niagara, 6% by the Oswego, 4/£ by U.S. minor tributaries and 2/S by
the Genesee. About 5% of the total mean input was retained in
the lake. ihis figure represents a minimum due to the fact that
several sources of total alkalinity were not included in these
data; if all sources had been included, the mean net load would
have been higher.
3-55
-------
Table 3.1 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Total Phosphate
(mean metric tons/day)
St. Canadian
Month Niagara Genesee Oswego Black Lawrence Trib.
Canadian U.S.
Municipal U.S. Minor
& Indus. Municipal Trib. Precip.
Loading
Apr 1972
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan 1973
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Mean
Percent of
Total Input
18.9
12.2
24.0
20.4
22.1
17.8
15.4
19.3
31 .4
18.6
23.5
23.9
17.8
19.5
20.7
42
1.6
1.6
2.1
2.9
0.4
0.5
0.7
1.0
4.3
1.8
0.7
3.1
2.3
1 .6
1.7
4
4.4
2.9
2.6
4.7
2.0
1.2
1.8
1.4
1.9
3.1
2.3
3.0
1.8
2.0
2.5
5
1.2
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.2
0. 1
0.3
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.6
1.9
1.4
0.5
0.7
1
20.7
19.8
21.7
27. I
33.6
22.3
16.9
15.8
13.3
12.9
20.4
25.4
27.0
28.0
21 .8
6.5
3.9
3.5
2.4
1 .0
0.5
1.0
3.5
4.9
4.4
3.2
6.3
5.0
2.4
3.5
7
8.3
7.2
7.1
7.7
6.7
8.2
7.3
7.3
9.1
9.6
9.9
9.0
8.3
7.9
8.1
16
0.2
0. 1
0.1
0.1
0. 1
0.2
0. 1
0. 1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
<1
1 1.2
7.0
5.9
4.5
1.9
1. 1
2.0
5.7
8.2
7.3
5.3
10.7
8.7
4.0
6.0
12
4.9
6.0
7.9
4.8
6.4
5.3
5.7
7.9
8.2
2.8
4.0
7.D
7.7
5.7
6.1
12
36.5
22.3
32.1
21 .0
7.2
11 .5
17.6
31 .2
55.5
35.2
29.3
45.3
26.2
15.8
27.6
+56
Total Mean Input = 49.5 metric tons/day
-------
Table 3.2 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for
Total Filterable Phosohate
(mean metric tons/day)
Iri
I
VJ1
Month
Apr 1972
Mav
JUT
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan 1973
Heb
Mar
Apr
Ms/
Mean
Percent of
Niagara
12.2
13.5
22. 9
13.0
16.5
7.9
11.4
9.2
22.8
35.7
23.7
16.5
10.3
1) .4
16.2
Total Input 68
Genesee
1.4
1.1
0.7
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.5
2
Oswego
0.9
1.8
1.0
0.5
1.4
2.6
3.3
3.3
2.4
4.7
i .4
1.2
2.0
9
Black
0.2
0.2
.0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.3
1
St.
Lawrence
13.9
12.4
21.9
15.9
14.7
16. 1
13.0
17.3
10.3
14.9
25.8
_
16.0
Precip.
4.0
4.9
6.4
3.9
5.2
4.2
4.7
5.3
6.7
2.3
3.3
6.2
6.3
4.7
4.9
20
Loading
-2.1
7.1
-1.7
2.2
4.7
16.5
31.7
15.2
9.2
+38
Total Mean Input = 23.9 metric tons/day
-------
Table 3.3 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Dissolved Orthophosphate
(mean metric tons/day)
Month
Niagara Genesee Oswego Black
St. Canadian
Lawrence Trib.
Canadian U.S.
Municipal U.S. Minor
& Indus. Municipal Trib.
Precip. Loading
Apr 1972
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
o>i lN|ov
i Dec
\n
00 Jan 1973
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
1.2
1 .5
2.0
2.2
1.6
2.6
2.2
5.2
3.6
2.3
2. 1
1 .2
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.5
0.1
0. 1
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.7
0.7
0.3
0.2
0.4
1.2
1.6
1.1
0.9
1 . 1
0.5
0.3
0..
0.
0.
0.
<0.
<0.
<0.
0.
<0.
O.J
o.;
o.c
0..
2.4
3.5
8. 1
4.5
1.9
1.8
2. 1
4.1
4. 1
I 6.5
> 9.3
\ ___
1.7
1 .0
0.9
0.6
0.3
O.I
0.3
0.9
1.3
1 .2
0.9
1.7
1 .3
0.6
o 5
4.8
4.8
5. 1
4.5
5.5
4.9
4.8
6.1
6.4
6.6
6.0
5.5
5.3
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
4.6
2.9
2.5
1.8
0.8
0.6
1 .0
2.4
3.4
2.9
2.2
4.3
3.6
1 .6
1.9
2.3
3.0
1.8
2.4
2.0
2.2
3.0
3.1
I.I
1.5
2.9
2.9
2.2
10.5
10.6
4.6
6.4
8.4
9.9
11 .2
17.2
12.5
8.4
9.9
-..-
Mean
2.2
Percent of
Total Input 15
0.3
0.7
O.I
4.4
0.9
5.4
37
0.
2.5
17
2.3
16
10.0
+68
Total Mean Input = 14.6 metric tons/day
-------
Table 3.4 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Nitrite-Nitrate
(mean metric tons/day)
Month
Niagara Genesee Oswego Black
St. Canadian
Lawrence Trib.
Canadian U.S.
Municipal U.S. Minor
& Indus. Municipal Trib.
Precip. Loading
IN
1
Ul
to
Apr 1972
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
iN'ov
Dec
Jan 1973
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
I 16.2
112.7
182.9
122.1
93.8
25.4
41.2
93.6
130. b
175.4
133.8
153.3
141 .8
218.7
4.1
3.8
15.2
16.5
2.1
0.9
1.6
8.8
15.1
8-9
8.3
23.7
20.9
7.2
26.4
18. 1
22.4
27.4
5.2
2.9
3.8
12.7
21.1
20.8
19.0
18.6
14.4
10.7
14.7
10.0
3.8
3.6
1 .6
0.4
0.6
4.4
7.4
8.8
11 .5
17.3
10.7
4.3
100.0
Ib8.5
82.6
222.5
169.7
30,0
60.3
90.9
108.2
136.2
181 .7
258.4
198.9
226.5
19.8
13.6
17.7
20.2
4.0
1.8
2.5
11.1
18.4
16.3
16.6
25.3
19.6
9.4
2.3
2.2
2. 1
1.9
1.7
1.8
1 .9
2.0
2.7
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.4
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
40. 4
25.3
21.2
16.4
7.0
4. 1
7.3
20.6
29.6
26.2
19.0
38.4
31.4
14.4
49.2
60. 7
79.4
48.5
64.8
33. 5
58.0
80. I
58.0
28.6
40.2
75.9
78. 1
58.0
173.6
88.3
262. b
34. o
10.9
61 .1
57.0
142.8
17D.1
151 .7
69.8
97.3
12! .2
99.1
Mean
Percent of
Total Input
124.4
9.8
16.0
7.1
144.6
14.0
2.2
0.4
21.5
59.5
49 4
Total Mean Input
6 3
254.9 metric tons/day
110.4
+43
-------
Table 3.5 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Ammonia
(mean metric tons/day)
Month
Niagara Genesee Oswego Black
St. Canadian
Lawrence Trib.
Canadian U.S.
Municipal U.S. Minor
& Indus. Municipal Trib.
Precip. Loading
vx
Ol
o
Apr 1972
Aiay
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
()ct
Nov
Dec
Jan 1973
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
27.8
!6.l
47.5
33.3
27.6
17.7
17.2
60.7
14.4
30.3
9.5
20.8
15.4
12.0
0.5
0.1
2.8
1.0
0.9
0.9
1 .3
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.9
2.0
2.7
6.8
3.1
5.8
5.1
1.2
0.9
3.1
10.5
11.3
8.1
7.3
7.5
3.8
4.J
2.5
2.7
1.7
1.4
0.7
0.2
0.2
1.3
0.7
0.9
1.1
2.2
3.8
0.7
3.3
4.4
12.5
29.2
32.8
13.0
1 1.3
1 1. 1
13.0
19.2
26.5
36.4
27.8
16.5
4.5
2.7
4.7
3.4
1.3
0.8
2.2
6.5
6.5
5.1
4.7
5.7
4.3
3.4
31 .4
25.9
25.9
23.7
22.6
20.7
22.6
3.8
31.1
25.6
27.1
30.0
30.6
27.0
3.5
2.9
3.0
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.5
3.5
3.5
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.4
3.0
6.3
4.0
3.3
2.6
I.I
0.6
1.2
3.2
4.6
4.1
3.0
6.0
4.9
2.3
31.0
38.3
50.0
30.6
40.9
33.7
36.6
50.5
52.2
18. 1
25.4
47.9
49.2
36.6
111.1
9.1
132.3
74.5
66.0
65.0
75.9
159.5
113.7
78.3
56.7
89.9
89.7
75.3
Mean
Percent of
Total Input
25.0
1.7
5.6
1.4
18.4
4.0
23 2
Total Mean Input
5 1
109.6 metric tons/day
26.9
25
3.0
3.4
38.6
35
91 .4
+83
-------
Table 3.6 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Total KJeldahl Nitrogen
(mean metric tons/day)
Month
Apr 1972
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
oct
, Nov
en Dec
Jan 1973
feb
Mar
Apr
May
Niagara
117.3
89.8
105.5
110.0
138.0
124.5
85.9
92.9
109.2
93.9
106.5
107.6
115.8
1 13.5
Genesee
2.7
3.7
.10.5
9.5
2.1
1 .5
2.5
3.3
4.5
3.6
3.4
5.0
4.2
3.7
Oswego
13.3
13.3
10.7
12.3
6.9
3.5
5.8
14.3
17.4
13. 1
11.1
12.4
8.6
9.6
Black
3.1
3. 1
2.2
2.8
1.2
0.9
1.7
2.0
1.3
6.2
3.7
6.0
7.7
3.8
St.
Lawrence
98.4
95.2
88.6
198.0
153.2
211.3
197.9
1 17.5
106.3
99.1
130.1
.132.4
98.7
89.7
Canadian
Trib.
36.0
36.6
42.9
45.0
18.5
10.5
18.1
36.0
42.4
41.9
33.2
33.5
26.5
28.2
Canadian
Municipal
& Indus.
41.8
35.0
35.6
31.5
29.6
29.0
30.1
42.3
.41.9
34.5
36.6
40.4
41 .2
36.0
U.S.
Municipal
5.2
4.4
4.5
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.7
5.3
5.2
4.3
4.5
5.1
5.1
4.5
U.S.
Minor
Trib.
44.5
27.9
23.4
18.0
7.7
4.5
8.1
22.7
32.6
28.9
21.0
42.3
34.6
15.8
Precip.
47.4
58.5
76.5
46.8
62.5
51.5
55.9
77.2
79.7
27.6
38.8
73.2
75.3
55.9
Loading
212.9
177.1
223.2
81.8
1 17.0
18.2
13.9
178.5
227.9
154.9
128.7
193.1
220.3
181 .3
Mean
Percent of
Total Input
107.9
4.3
38 2
Total Mean Input
10.9
4
= 281.9
3.3
129.7
32.1
11
36. I
4.5
23.7
59. I
21
152.1
+54
-------
Table 3.7 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Organic Nitrogen
Cmean metric tons/day)
Month
Apr 1972
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Get
I Nov
o> Dec
»SJ
Jan 1973
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Niagara
89.5
73.7
58.0
76.7
1 .1 0 . 4
106.8
68.7
32.2
94.8
63.4
97.0
86.8
100.4
101.5
Genesee
2.2
3.6
7.7
8.5
1.2
0.6
1.2
0.7
2.1
1.4
1.3
2. 1
2.2
1.0
Oswego
6.5
10.2
4.9
7.2
5.7
2.6
2.7
3.8
6. 1
5.0
3.8
4.9
4.8
5.5
Black
0.6
0.4
0.5
1.4
0.5
0.7
1.5
0.7
0.6
5.3
2.6
3.8
3.9
3. 1
St.
Lawrence
95.1
90.8
76.1
168.8
120.4
198.3
186.6
106.4
93.3
79.9
103.6
96.0
70.9
73.2
Canadian
Trib.
31.5
33.9
38.2
41.6
1 7.2
9.7
15.9
29.5
35.9
36.8
28. S
27.8
22.2
24.8
Canadian U.S.
Municipal U.S. Minor
& Indus. Municipal Trib.
10.4
9. 1
9.7
7.8
7.0
8.3
7.5
10.5
10.8
8.9
9.5
10.4
.7
.5
.5
.3
.2
.2
.2
.8
.7
.5
.5
.8
10.6 1.7
9.0 J.5
38.2
23.9
20. 1
IS. 4
6.6
3.9
6.9
19.5
28.0
24.8
18.0
36.3
29.7
13.5
Precip.
16.4
20.2
26.5
1612
21.6
17.8
19.3
26.7
27.5
9.5
13.4
25.3
26. 1
19.3
Loading
101 .9
85.7
91 .0
7.3
51 .0
-46.7
-61 .7
19.0
114.2
76.7
72.0
47.6
130.7
106.0
Mean
Percent of
Total Input
82.9
2.6
5.3
1.8
111.4
48 2
Total Mean Input
3 1
172.2 metric tons/day
28. 1
16
9.3
1.5
20.3
12
20.4
12
56.8
33
-------
Table 3.8 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Total Nitrogen
(mean metric tons/day)
V/J
I .
CT1
V/4
Month
Apr 1
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan 1
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Mean
Perce
Total
'
Niagara
972 133.5
202. 5
283.4
232.1
231 .8
149.9
127.1
186.5
239.7
973 269.3
240.3
260.9
257.6
332.2
232.3
nt Of
Input 44
Total
Genesee
6.8
7.5
25.7
26.0
4.2
2.4
4.1
12.1
19.6
12.5
11.7
28.7
25.9
.10.9
14.2
3
Mean Input
Oswego
39.7
31.4
33.1
39.7
12.1
6.4
9.6
27.0
38.5
33.9
30.. 1
31.0
23.0
20.3
26.8
5
= 531.1
Black
17.8
13.1
6.0
6.4
2.8
1.3
2.3
6.4
8.7
15.0
.15.2
23.3
18.4
8.1
.10.3
2
metric
St.
Lawrence
198.4
253.7
171 .2
420.5
322.9
241.3
258.2
208.4
214.5
235.3
31 1 .8
390.8
297.6
316.2
274.3
tons/day
Canadian
Trib.
55.8
50.2
60.6
65.2
22.5
12.3
20.6
47.1
60.8
58.2
49.8
58.8
46.1
37.6
46. 1
9
Canadian
Municipal
& Indus.
44.1
37.2
37.7
33.4
31 .3
30.8
32.0
44.3
44.6
37.9
39.2
43.1
43.9
38.4
38.4
7
U.S.
Municipal
5.7
4.8
4.9
4.3
4.1
3.9
4. 1
5.7
5.7
4.8
5.0
5.6
5.6
5.0
4.9
1
U.S.
Minor
Trib.
84.9
53.2
44.6
34.4
14.7
8.6
15.4
43.3
62.2
55. 1
40.0
80.7
66.0
30.2
45.2
9
Free ip .
96.6
119.2
76.5
95.3
127.3
105.0
113. 9
157.3
137.7
56.2
79.0
149. 1
153.4
113.9
1 12.9
21
Loading
386.5
265.4
406.3
116.3
127.9
79.3
70.9
321.3
403.0
307.6
198.5
290.4
342.3
280.4
256.9
+48
-------
Table 3.1J Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Total Organic Carbon
(mean metric tons/day)
Month
Apr 1972
Hoy
Jun
Jul
Aiig
Sop
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan 1973
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Moan
Percent of
Total Input
Niagara Genesee
1U78.1
2075.3
1272.3
1082.6
2302.3
1929.8
1872.0
1566.9
2U50.5
1889.3
1837.6
2101.8
2382.2
2399.5
1917.2
55
Mean Total
95. C
65.9
31.7
65.U
1*0.9
11*. 0
11.7
68.5
79.U
30.5
32.7
69.1*
1*3.0
1*1.1*
1*9.8
1
1 nput
Oswefio
21*6.3
207.7
217.2
221.2
229.6
237.9
2U6.2
251*. I*
2U6.1*
155.6
109.6
131.1
79.1*
122.2
193.2
6
= 3505.5
Black
203.8
11*7.2
32.2
21*. 3
19.1*
12.0
29.0
98.8
70.1
81.2
33.2
99.7
110.2
56.1
72.7
2
St,
Lawrence
1666.8
1921.0
2603.9
1891*. 1*
2232.8
3319.9
3562.1
1935.0
813.2
651.3
1001.9
61*1.8
1590.8
1812.3
1831.9
Canad ian
Trib.
930.3
715.8
1*80.1*
531.3
501.8
1*1*9.9
1*87.2
717.1
672.1
1*57.9
301.5
509.1
396.9
376.2
537.7
15
Canadian
Municipal
& Indus.
51*. 2
1*4.2
U5.7
1*0.5
37.9
37.2
37.9
51*. 2
53.7
1*3.6
1*6.2
51.8
51.6
1*5.5
1*6.0
1
U.S.
Muni c i pa 1
1*9.1
1*0.3
1*1.7
36.6
31*. 5
33.5
31*. 6
1*9.1
1*8.5
39.5
1*1.9
1*6.7
1*6.9
1*1.5
1*1.7
1
U.S.
Mi nor
Trib.
168.1*
105.1*
88.5
68.2
29.0
16.9
30.5
86.0
123.3
109.3
79.3
159.7
131.0
59.9
89.7
3
Precip.
1*1*7.7
552.2
722.1
1*1*1.5
589.7
1*86.5
527.8
728.8
752.6
260.6
366.1
690.7
710.3
527.8
557.5
16
Loading
2006.7
2033.0
327.9
1217.2
1558.3
-102.2
-285.2
1688.8
3283.1*
21*16.2
181*6.2
3218.2
2361.3
1857.8
1673.1*
+1*8
-------
Table 3.10 I lean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Silica
(nean metric tons/day)
honth
Uiajjara Genesee Oswego Black
St. U.S. Minor
Lavvrcnce Trtb. Loading
Apr 1972
Hay
Jim
Oul
Ann
Sop
Oct
Uov
Doc
Jan 1973
Fob
1 la r
Apr
Uny
137.7
l'jl*.2
387.0
203. 0
333.7
33G.7
1U5.3
1*90.3
259.0
157.7
2G5.2
185.2
5.G
27.7
15.1
94. 8
9.8
5.2
8.1*
51.2
81. 8
30.0
9.1
7.1
10 .0
12.5
G9.5
133.1*
53.5
00.7
9.9
18.9
21.9
101*. 0
1U2.7
155.1*
8U. 1
17.7
Ji.C
13.4
83.0
G2.0
GO.l
52.7
28.5
21.3
37.3
55.3
S8.o
101.3
131.3
103.0
89.5
---
313.1
1*08. b
835.1
501*. k
230. G
33U. 1
U13.3
l*9b.O
281*. 9
389.1
GbU.G
---
139.2
87.1
73.1
5G.li
2.1*
11*. 0
25.2
71.1
101.9
90.1*
65.5
132.0
lOt,. 3
1*9.5
...
139.9
- 12. G
-183.5
-310.8
1G2.G
95.1*
Gl*.3
U08.8
352.1*
- 58. C
-139.6
...
Moan
Percent of
Total Input
202.1 20.1*
GU.2 70.3
1*1*8.5
53 5
Total dean Input
13 1"*
i*'J5.G metric tons/day
72.C
15
57.8
12
Table 3.11 (lean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Godi
(nean metric tons/day)
Ulil
Month
Niagara benesee Oswego lilack
St.
Lawrence
Prec i p.
Load!
Apr
I la y
Uun
Jul
1972
Sop
Oct
Nov
Doc
Jan 1973
Fob
Mar
Apr
li.iy
Moan
Percent of
Total Input
G72G
7458
8110
7872
7253
7120
7577
829o
7290
8027
8313
8791
7717
79
1*13
1*81*
358
2Gb
99
73
134
307
1*90
201
20G
312
277
21*3
2JJ1
2002
2018
12'jo
2oG3
11*58
828
1060
1033
2101
2089
15G2
1317
9SC
12J1
1599
lo
G9
1*7
1*5
3U
2u
11
25
1*0
35
31+
33
1*1*
5U
3o
10795
11257
1100J
10728
11351*
112CG
9131
7299
7070
7431
8U22
9G17
81
100
130
80
100
88
95
131
13G
1*7
GG
138
128
95
101
11*22
1971
151
1174
3100
2852
564
382G
2G57
1014
1415
Total Mean Input = 9735 Metric tons/day
3-65
-------
Table 3.12 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Potassium
(mean metric tons/day)
Month
Apr 1972
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sop
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan 1973
Fob
Mar
Apr
May
Mean
Percent of
Total Input
Niagara
83U. 6
951.9
820. it
827.7
791.7
941.3
886.9
898. 0
1000.6
927.3
799.U
91*0.0
965.0
-__
891.1
8U
Genesee
1*7.6
1*5.8
83.8
79.6
10.8
8.2
15.2
1*2.1
70.9
25.1
16.2
1*7.5
32.7
23.1
39.2
l*
Oswego
129.8
115.3
107.7
151.6
1*7.9
33.1
1*3.1*
70.8
111.0
91*. 1
73.1
68.9
1*5.9
51*. 1
81.9
8
Black
35.3
19.6
16.3
10.5
l*.2
2.8
6.1*
13.9
11.3
10.8
13.1
20.7
12.7
"
13.7
1
St.
Lawrence
91*0.5
1212.2
1373.0
1U00.6
1287.1
121*6.0
1153.7
819.7
721*. l*
753.1
935.3
___
. « _
1078.1*
Pr*cip.
29.7
36. I*
1*7.9
29.3
39.1
32.3
35.0
1*8.1*
1*9.9
17.3
2U. 3
1*5.8
1*7.1
35.0
37.0
3
Load! ng
...
228.3
-136.1
-271*. 3
-506.9
-269.U
-259.2
- 80.5
l*2i*. 0
333.2
173.0
187.6
. . .
-16.1*
-2
Total Mean Input = 1062.9 metric tons/day
Table 3.13 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Calcium
(mean metric tons/day)
Month
Apr 1972
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Scp
Oct
Nov
Doc
Jan 1973
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Moan
Percent of
Total Input
Niagara
18087
2061*2
17936
17089
16720
16612
18339
17131*
19173
22517
21588
211*51*
22297
23352
19496
87
Genesee
707
608
GUI
51*9
138
107
153
5UQ
763
1*03
379
771
557
U95
1*87
2
Oswego
27U2
2599
2231
3636
1362
878
1331*
227G
2878
251*1
1912
191*1
1396
1727
2101*
9
Black
319
161*
173
153
65
31*
72
108
192
238
221
280
261
---
180
1
St.
Lawrence
...
21*220
25670
22871
19809
21909
23531*
21*356
23961*
21619
23709
19701
---
22851
Precip.
159
196
256
156
209
172
187
258
267
92
130
21*5
252
187
198
1
Loading
...
11
-1*1*33
-1287
-1311*
-1*105
-31*1*9
-6029
- 691
1*173
522
1*990
--
-1058
-5
Total Mean Input 221*61* metric tons/day
3-66
-------
Table 3.14
Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Magnesium
(mean metric tons/day)
Month
Aor 1972
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan 1973
Feb
Mar
Aor
May
Mean
Percent of
Total Mean
Niagara
4076
4475
4471
4486
4831
4410
5001
4698
4770
5324
5233
4686
4996
4876
4738
89
Gsnesse
188
153
279
222
50
29
49
155
247
112
92
234
149
116
148
3
Oswego
643
629
465
638
271
120
203
395
462
409
310
318
226
277
387
7
Black
45
24
23
22
8
4
8
20
18
24
18
28
25
21
-------
Table 3.15 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Sulfate
(mean metric tons/day)
CO
I
CO
Month
Apr 1972
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sop
Oct
Nov
Doc
Jan 1973
Fob
Mar
Apr
May
Moan
Porcent of
Total Input
Niagara
...
...
...
...
11307
lb!2U
15822
14163
11*259
11*732
11*961
1511*9
11*5U9
75
Genesee
...
150
15U
5U3
70S
U92
302
602
1*97
591*
1.05
2
Osweno
« a
379
1*33
1313
1951*
1901*
151*9
1905
1227
1315
1330
7
Black
<
...
31
63
157
152
li*U
10S
2U1*
255
205
157
1
St.
Lawrence
...
...
...
...
20110
2101*3
21U40
17529
1631*0
17795
19521
20680
19771
19359
Canadian
Trlb.
...
...
...
...
...
188
361*
1318
1822
161*0
1210
2369
1883
911
1301
7
Canadian
Municipal
& Indus.
...
...
---
132
128
190
18U
156
173
170
190
156
161*
1
U.S.
Muni c I pal
_ .
~
-
--
--
27
27
39
39
32
32
37
38
33
31*
<1
U.S.
M i no r
Trib.
...
...
...
___
...
165
298
81*1
1206
1069
775
1562
1281
586
865
1*
Precip.
...
...
...
...
...
1*91
533
736
760
263
370
698
717
533
567
3
Loading
...
...
...
...
. -
---
-7536
- 229
5178
3519
1103
2858
369
- 289
622
+ 3
Total Mean Input = 191*72 metric tons/day
-------
TnMo 3.1C Cenn Monthly Loadings to Lal-e Ontario for Chloride
(mean rietric tons/day)
CO
vo
Month '
Apr 1972
Hay
Jun
Jul
Aun
Sep
Oct
TJov
Dec
Jan 1973
Fob
Mar
Apr
May
Mean
Percent of
Total I'enn
« tci£.irtj
13525
11*501*
11* if 1*1;
li*79G
11*706
11*131*
1U057
1G8I*5
15803
13892
13SG1
11*1*07
153UC'
1G292
ll*7G7
71
Total
firnosop I
579
509
1*33
3GO
11*9
115
188
1*29
727
1*1*9
32 G
599
1*77
399
1*10
2
Mean Input
St.
Isi-'eco riac!: Laurence
1*827
'ill* 9
ii39C
l*!tl9
251*2
1351*
1787
1*789
5551+
3032
3209
2Ci*8
2701
27G3
3505
17
= 20CG3
01*
3G
27
25
7
7
13
30
37
1*5
1*2
50
2G
--
32
<1
Metric 1
2511G
23829
23008
21S98
22228
20202
17993
1CGOI*
189GG
1981G
203GG
:ons/day
U.S.
Canadian Canadian & U.S. Minor
Trih. Municipal & Indus. Trih.
1318
11GO
1079
1160
31*8
21*0
232
839
10t*l*
928
770
101*1*
1079
G96
853
1*
351*
351*
351*
35U
351*
351*
351*
351*
351*
351*
351*
351*
351*
351*
351*
2
12G3
790
GG3
511
218
127
229
61*5
925
820
595
1198
982
1*1*9
672
3
Precip.
58
71
92
5C
75
62
67
93
96
33
1*7
88
91
67
71
<1
Loading
-3628
-21U8
-1*609
-5505
-5300
3820
651*8
381*9
269
662
-601*
3
-------
Table 3.17 Mean Monthly Loadings .to Lake Ontario for Fluoride
(mean metric tons/day)
Month
Niagara Genesee Oswego Black
St.
Lawrence
Loading
Apr 1972
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan 1973
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Mean
Percent of
Total Input
36.05
37.51
50.52
69.06
48.79
56.b3
84.90
86.53
8.1.65
80.64
80.83
89.89
88.37
70. 10
2.33
1.22
2.05
2.62
0.53
0.33
0.36
1.36
3.47
1.37
0.83
1.98
0.63
0.85
1.42
91 2
Total Mean Input
4.57
86
05
12
88
6.61
4.37
3.17
3.31
3.03
2.63
3.33
I .50
1 .60
1.44
1.37
0.86
0.38
0.62
1.32
1.47
1.77
2.28
6.83
5.96
2.08
91.16
90.16
71.64
64.87
73.03
42.31
91 .63
132.35
87.83
85.02
37.10
78.87
4 3
76.93 metric tons/day
12.54
7.43
-22.48
16.31
0.82
34.28
1
.32
.90
55.84
1.59
Table 3.18 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Manganese
(metric tons/day)
Month
Niagara Genesee Oswego Black
St.
Lawrence
Precip.
Loading
Apr J972
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan 1973
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Mean
4.6
3.4
5.4
17.6
8.0
7.0
6.5
9.0
21.7
11.9
5. 1
7.5
4.2
13.9
9.0
Percent of
Total Input 63
1.8
1.3
1.5
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.4
1. I
2.3
1.1
0.8
2.7
0.5
0.7
1.1
8
2.0
2.7
1.9
2.3
0,7
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.8
2.2
2.7
1.7
1.6
1. I
1.6
1 .6
0.9
1 .0
0.
0.
0.
.7
.2
,1
0.2
0.5
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.8
I .3
0.7
5.0
5.8
5.6
5.3
4.7
4.7
4.3
3.9
2.4
1.4
1.8
Total Mean Input
11 5
14.2 metric tons/day
1 .3
1 .6
2.2
1 .3
1.8
1 .5
1 .6
2.2
2.2
2.6
1 .1
2.1
2.1
1.6
I .8
13
4.9
6.1
16.9
5.6
4.6
4.5
9.3
24.6
16.1
8.9
13.0
10.4
+ 73
3-70
-------
Tahle 3.19 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Iron
(mean netric tons/Hay)
Month iJ
Apr 1972
Hay
Jun
Jul
Auj;
oOP
Oct
Nov
Doc
Jan 19/3
Fob
tiar
Apr
May
Moan
Percent of
Total Input
iagara
191*. 2
1U7.5
SI, 2
98.6
115.2
270.5
308.1
339.5
'JOl.i,
007.1
2o5.J
208.7
192.3
lib. a
279.2
65
Geneseo
112.5
5U. 8
70.3
91*. 5
I*. 9
6.7
9.5
52.1
1UU.1
51*. 1*
1*2.9
165.8
1*1*. ii
66.0
15
Oswerio
35.9
35.1*
25.3
7.2
3.1*
i*.9
11.1
11*. 3
ll.it
9.1
lk.il
S.I.
9.1J
15.2
l*
Clack
1*2.1
I'*. 9
22.3
10.8
7.9
5.1
8.1*
19.3
5.7
8.8
ll.i*
9.9
11.5
...
11*. 1
3
St.
Lawrence
39.0
1U7.9
1*07.0
295.2
58C.O
1115.9
35'J.i*
120.2
108.2
39.2
65.3
__ _
301*. 0
Canadian
Trib.
«*9 1
1*3.' 2
1*0.2
U3.2
12.9
8.9
8.7
31.3
38.9
31*. 0
28.7
38.9
1*0.2
25.9
31.8
7
Can ad tan
Municipal
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
& U.S.
& Indus.
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
3
U.S.
M i no r
Trib.
13.1*
7.0
C.i*
5.7
1.9
0.6
0.6
7.7
9.6
2.3
7.0
10.2
11.2
6.1*
6.9
2
Precip.
i*.i*
5.5
7.2
k.k
5.8
l*.8
5.2
7.2
7.5
2.6
3.0
6.8
7.0
5.2
5.5
1
Loading
...
283.3
131*. 5
-111.1
-125.9
-273.1
-757.0
122.1*
1015.1
575. U
363.0
1*02.1*
...
11*8.1
+ 31*
Total Mean Input = 1*32.8 netric tons/Jay
-------
Table 3.2U Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Nickel
(nean metric tons/day)
Month
Apr 1972
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sop
Oct
Nov
Doc
Jan 1973
Fob
Mar
Apr
Mny
Moan
Percent of
Total Input
Niagara
3.2
3.3
3.ii
5.2
5.8
6.1
l*.7
5.1*
6.0
6.9
G.!>
...
5.2
79
lienesee
0.34
0.15
0.17
0.1*1*
O.Ui*
0.03
0.07
0.29
0.34
0.13
0.07
0.25
0.23
---
0.19
3
Osweeo
0.31
0.31
0.28
0.53
0.63
O.i>0
0.9C
1.1
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.2
0.90
0.82
0.85
13
Clack
0.18
0.10
0.05
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.06
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.12
0.13
...
0.08
1
St.
Lav;rence
...
7.9
7.1*
5.9
5.7
5.8
2.5
3.3
7.7
8.3
.__
5.27
Precip.
0.18
0.22
0.29
0.18
0.23
0.19
0.21
0.29
0.30
0.10
0.15
0.27
0.28
0.21
0.22
3
Load i ng
...
-3.U
-2.7
0.3
1.1*
2.0
l*.l*
3.8
- .5
O.i*
...
0.8
12
Total Hoan Input = 6.51 metric tons/day
Table 3.21 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Copper
(mean metric tons/day)
Month Ni
Apr 1972
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Scp
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jnn 1973
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Mean
Percent of
Total Input
agara
l*.G2
3.75
U.91
7.47
7.08
2.78
3.57
6.71*
U.18
U.83
i*.59
l*.l*8
<*. 08
5.68
l*.9l
67
Total
Genesee
0.27
0.15
0.15
0.41
O.OG
0.03
O.OG
0.13
0.28
O.ll*
0.19
0.57
0.28
0.16
O.G3
9
Mean 1 npu
OSWCRO
0.69
0.39
0.37
1.06
1.01*
0.95
0.87
0.79
0.89
0.90
0.66
0.89
0.77
0.68
0.78
11
t = 7.31
Black
0.56
0.39
0.10
0.13
0.06
0.03
O.OG
0.12
O.ll*
0.17
0.20
0.35
0.35
___
0.20
3
metr i c
St.
Lawrence
10.32
11*. 06
12.U8
21*. 36
18.78
20.66
12.33
3.7U
5.18
5.90
9.87
...
12.51
tons/day
Precip.
0.58
0.71
0.93
0.57
1.79
0.63
0.68
0.91*
0.97
0.3U
0.1*7
0.89
0.91
0.68
0.79
11
Load! ng
~ »
- 3.60
- 8.67
- 6.02
-11*. 72
- 8.75
-16.2U
- 7.09
U.98
1.28
0.1*8
- 3.76
...
...
- 5.65
-77
3-72
-------
Table 3.22 Mean Monthly Loadinns to Lake Ontario for Zinc
(metric tons/day)
Month N
Apr 1972
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
of!P
Oct
Nov
Doc
Jan 1973
Fob
Mnr
Apr
May
Moan
Percent of
Total Input
iagara
7.53
8.59
13.20
a. 85
8.34
17.07
31.35
24.85
26.54
1*7.05
31.95
12.93
10.15
11.04
ltt.54
71
Genesee
0.00
0.5o
1.3U
1.86
0.27
0.21
0.50
0.88
1.35
0.50
0.1*8
1.2C
0.69
0.73
O.S1
3
Oswego
0.89
0.75
0.79
2.09
2.08
l.'Jl
1.71*
1.57
2.1'*
2.22
0.69
0.89
0.50
0.58
1.35
5
Dlack
...
0.3'J
0.33
0.16
0.09
0.20
0.5U
0.39
0.23
0.2G
0.21*
0.31*
...
0.29
1
St.
Lawrence
...
17.52
18.15
30.03
13.98
30.81
58.72
25.91
11.25
31.80
20.52
19.32
...
26.79
Preci p.
4.21
5.19
6.79
i». 15
5.55
4.58
U.90
6.80
7. OS
2.U5
3.44
6.50
G.68
4.96
5.21*
20
Loading
f V
...
- 5.61
-19.34
2.U2
- 6.95
-19.96
8.79
26.25
20.65
16.31
2.51
...
...
2.51
+ 10
Total Mean Input = 20.73 metric tons/day
Table 3.23 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Lead
(mean metric tons/day)
Month U lunar a
Apr 1972
May
Jun
Jul
AUJJ
oep
Oct
Nov
Doc
J.m 1973
Fob
M.-ir
Apr
May
liojn
Ho r cent of
Toual Input.
...
9. 63
4.U3
6.93
7.1*1
10.63
8.57
8.70
15.12
11*. 07
VJ.02
15.30
17.02
11. Ui*
71
Genespp
.
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
..
.50
.81
.59
.08
.05
.10
.25
.31*
.15
.18
.75
.1*0
.Ul
.1*1*
3
Osweiso
1.01
0.83
0.72
1.23
1.25
1.23
1.21
1.18
2.51*
3. 10
2.18
2.51*
1.85
1.07
l.ul
10
Black
0.55
O.l* '<
0.13
0.12
0.10
O.OU
0.05
0.11
0.2U
0.1*2
0.51
0.09
0.15
...
0.23
1
St.
Lav/rcnce
-
20
21
35
29
22
19
16
19
21
15
-
-
22
--
.22
.30
.96
.71
.37
.U3
.71
.03
.03
.33
--
--
.42
Precip.
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
i.
2
2
2
.77
.19
.86
.75
.34
.93
.09
.89
.98
.03
.45
.74
.81
.OJ
.21
14
Load! nr
..
--
-5.
-13.
-25.
-19.
- 8.
- 6.
- 3.
0.
- 3 ,
5.
--
- -
- 7.
-
.
-
07
57
26
04
28
42
85
79
23
32
-
-
80
51
Total l'.e,-«n Input = 15.53 metric tons/day
3-73
-------
Table 3.24 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Cadmium
(mean metric tons/day)
Month
Apr 1972
(lay
Jun
Jul
Aug
iifip
Oct
Mov
Doc
Jan 1973
Fob
Mar
Apr
May
lioan
Niagara
« »
0.08
0.85
0.76
0.85
1.04
O.'JO
0.80
0.71*
0.60
0.00
0.71
~ "
0.79
Genesee
...
0.02
0.10
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.03
O.OG
0.04
0.04
0.03
Oswego
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.14
0.12
0.11
0.09
0.11
0.10
0.08
0.08
O.Ob
0.05
0.09
Black
0.08
O.Ob
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.04
-
0.03
St.
Lawrence
1.43
1.89
1.19
4.54
4.13
1.75
1.63
1.50
1.78
1.84
...
2.17
Precip.
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.04
0.00
0.05
0.05
0.07
0.08
0.03
0.04
0.07
0.70
0.05
0.06
Loading
-
-0.80
-0.09
-3.50
-3.09
-0.53
-0.46
-0.51
-0.84
-1.0G
--_
Percent of
Total Input .79
393
Total (lean Input = 1.00 metric tons/day
-1.22
3-74
-------
Table 3.25 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario
for Mercury
(riean metric tons/day)
Month U
Apr 1972
May
Jun
Jul
Auii
iinp
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan 1973
Fob
Mar
Apr
May
Mean
Percent of
Total Input
i a gar a
0.895
0.716
0.290
0.728
0.766
0.312
0.181
0.145
...
---
0.504
85
Total
Genesee 0
0.03b
0.006
0.011
0.010
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.007
...
0.007
2
Mean Input
iswoijo B
0.069
o!i)23
0.044
0.211
0.171
0.130
0.090
0.049
0.035
0.041
0.039
0.044
0.013
0.027
0.070
12
= 0.590
lack
...
0.011
0.008
0.010
0.013
0.004
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.010
...
0.007
2
St.
Lawrence
w « «
...
2.828
2.183
1.309
0.435
3.073
2.390
...
2.036
Table 3.26 Mean Monthly Loadings to Lake Ontario for Total Alkalinity
(mean metric tons/day)
Month
Apr 1972
May
Jun
Jul
Ana
OOp
Oct
Nov
Doc
J.-in 1973
Fob
Mar
Apr
May
Moan
Percent of
Total Input
Niagara
39029. a
40913.8
4bG33.9
1*5752.0
U9517.1
47990.6
50028.1*
USi.30.7
1*7991.0
51*01*3.2
1*8823.3
1*9992.5
537G1.1
50U53.8
46283.0
88
Genesee
1160.1*
96U.2
1356.3
1306.7
31*1.1*
197.8
338.5
91*2,9
1395.2
708.5
580.9
11*99.8
101*0.1
G75.2
899.0
2
Oswee° Ulack
3o7i,.l
1*200.3
3818. 0
5521.2
18U1*. 1
796.9
120U. 2
i*'*i>3.3
5320.5
1*689.1*
3590.9
351*8.9
297U. 1
3U71.2
3495.8
6
St.
Lawrence
M « >
1*01*38.0
50066.1*
55780.U
57860.0
58071.6
510UD.O
57S39.6
1*8945.2
1*3032.1
1*751*0.4
51C6U.7
___
51717.8
U.S.
Minor Trlb.
3G30.0
2271.7
1906. 9
1469.9
625.8
364.2
657.1
1853.1
2658.2
2355.8
1709.0
3442.7
2823.1
1291.2
1932.8
4
Loading
* ~ tm
1932.0
5048. S
-1670.0
-5531. G
-8722.1
1182.2
-1729.5
8419. G
18764. £
7157.7
6814.2
...
2878. 7
5
Total Mean Input = 54611.2 metric tons/day
3-75
-------
Table 3.27 Relation of Chenical Concentrations to StreamfJow and Correlation
Coefficients for Genesec/ Osv/e^o and Black Rivers
tienesee (1)
Oswefio (2)
Black (3)
Tl'
TFP
OOP
N02-I103
Uil3
Tl'.H
TlJC
Sl)4
Sit>2
F
Cl
N.-i
K
C.'i
Mr,
Fo
in
iii
Cn
Cd
PI)
Mil
DO
Pll
Tot. Alka.
k
.218
.414
1.507
.129
12.13
!>.38
1.30
322.1
.82
.122
452.9
305.5
.005
122.5
19.77
.005
.25b
.005
.005
.007
.014
.313
17.86
K.32
200.0
n
-.071
-.278
-.I»9U
.190
-.51*5
-.329
.137
-.230
.11U
-.014
-.304
.304
.122
-.132
-.05ti
.512
-.172
.122
.129
-.124
.074
-.17'J
-.212
-.020
-.115
r
.144
-.3d
-.500
.231
-.377
-.533
.295
-.545
.200
-.024
-.702
-.020
-.070
-,40'j
-.207
.014
-.23U
.200
.202
.210
.135
-.183
-.815
-.248
-.619
k
3.532
.018
.028
.604
1.03
.10
67.9
.012
.3UU
2032.0
90.57
1.052
132.7
7.11
.002
.006
60.8
.455
1.052
1.498
1.98
1.58
7.73
162.6
n
-.424
.024
.304
.386
-.100
.401
-.355
.481
-.131
-.310
-.070
.085
.074
.058
.564
.138
-.848
.058
.085
.205
.386
.210
.003
-.039
r
---------
-.257
.021
.533
.253
-.287
.378
-.091
.235
.254
-.344
-.088
.280
-.235
.121
.406
.078
-.354
-.156
-.058
-.345
-.237
.481
.031
-.135
k
.043
.003
.067
3.698
.367
5.636
79.62
.583
1.242
15.205
.455
12.647
.893
4.266
.007
.011
.001
.006
.007
.013
n
-.052
,513
.251
-.396
.285
.024
-.365
-.230
.044
-.213
.059
-.030
.038
-.213
.142
-.142
.119
-.127
.048
.127
_ -
...
r
-.062
.572
.226
-.388
.444
.024
-.717
-.318
.098
-.559
.156
-.087
.115
-.220
.143
-.146
.308
-.288
.061
.235
«
Note: Relationship expressed as r = kQ , where;
Casey, Clark 1976
Casey, Clark 1976
Casey, Clark 1970
concentration (ng/1)
Q = streamflov.1 (cubic feot/sec; CFS)
r = correlation coefficient
-------
10
o
5 *
I
3
2
I
n n
A M J J AS
1972
0
J
N D J
1973
F
1
MAM
% «
-o 3
Figure 3.1 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Total Phosphate
A
1972
A SOUDJFM
1973
Figure 3.1 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Total Phosphate
3-77
-------
10 T
8
a
7
e < >
s
3 i
z
n
n
n n r-i n
n n n
n .
AMJJASQND JFMAM
1972 1973
t s
Figure 3.1 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Total Phosphate
A
1972
J
1973
F M
Figure 3.1 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Total Phosphate
3-78
-------
a
8
e
s
i
A
197Z
ASONDJF H
1973
Figure 3.1 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Total Phosphate
3-79
-------
100.0
80.0-
70.0-
30.0-
+0.0*
30.0.
20.0.
1.0.0-
.0
TOTAL PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : . 14-0
MEAN : . 14-3
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 115
.070
L_____
I t
. 029 . 07S
I
. 123
I
. 173
I
.223
I
279
.373
I
.4-23
r
.4-73
Figure 3.2 Genesee-River Histograms for Total Phosphate
100-0.
80.0-
80.0-
70.0-
80.0-
30.0.
4-0.0-
30.0.
20.0.
1.0.0-
TOTAL PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .030
MEAN : . 034-
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : S7
. 018
mg/1
I
029
.073
I
L23
. 173
I
.223
.273 .323 .373
.4-73
Figure 3.2 Niagara River Histograms for Total Phosphate
3-80
-------
e0.0-
80.0-
70.0-
B0.0-
S0.0-
4-0.0-
.0-
20.0.
1.0.0-
TOTAL PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .032
MEAN : .033
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 103
. 016
mg/1
I
.029
I
.073
I
1.23
I
173
.223
.879
r
.329
r
.379
(
. 4«9
f
.4.7S
Figure 3.2 Black River Histograms for Total Phosphate
100.0-
Q0.0.
80.0-
70.0-
80.0.
30.0-
30.0.
20.0.
10.0-
TOTAL PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .087
MEAN : .0Q0
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 123
J 1
.051
rag/I
I
.029
.079
r
129
. 179
r
.229
r
.279
I
.329
1
.379
r
. 4*9
I
.4-79
Figure 3.2 Oswego River Histograms for Total Phosphate
3-81
-------
100.0-
a0.0-
70.0-
80.0-
TOTAL PHOSPHATE.
MEDIAN : .026
MEAN : .030
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 74-
. 010
S0.0-
+0.0-
.0-
20.0.
10.0-
mg/1
I
.073
. 1.29 . 179 .223
I
.279
t
.379
t
.4.73
3-82
-------
I
Inn
A M J J A $
1973
DJ
1973
Figure 3.3 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Total Filterable Phosphate
0
X
! *
vt
3
u
i *
3
2
I
A
M
J
J
n
A S
0
N
1972
1
D J F NAM
1973
Figure 3.3 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Total Filterable Phosphate
3-83
-------
2
I
n n
A
1972
A S 0 N D J F t
1973
Figure 3.3 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Total Filterable Phosphate
a
u
i_
M
E
n
n
A
1972
AS ONDJF M
1973
Figure 3.3 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Total Filterable Phosphate
3-84
-------
I
AMOJ ASOND JFMAM
1972 ,973
Figure 3.3 St. Lawrence River Mean Monthly Loadings -
Total Filterable Phosphate
3-85
-------
100.0-
TOTAL FILTERABLE PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .04-0
MEAN : .0S0
STD- DEV. OF X : .030
N : 110
70.0-
80.0'
S0.0-
40.0-
30.0-
30.0.
10.0-
mg/1
.010
.038
I I
.090 .070
I
. 110
I
1S0
. 170
100.0-
70.0-
30.0-
S0.0*
Figure 3.4 Genesee River Histograms for Total Filterable Phosphate
TOTAL FILTERABLE PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .01O
MEAN : .020
STD. DEV. OF X : .008
N :
30.0.
20.0-
10.0-
mg/1
I
010
.030
I
.030
I
I
.0S0
I
t
r
. 1!
.070 .0S0 .110 .190
Figure 3.4 Niagara River Histograms for Total Filterable Phosphate
I
, 170
r
180
3-86
-------
100.0-1-
TOTAL FILTERABLE PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .021
MEAN : .026
STD. DEV. OF X : .021
N : 22
70.0- -
S0.0--
+0.0
30.0'
20.0.
10.0- -
.0
mg/l
I
.010
I
.030
.070
I
.080
I
.110
t
.150
130 .130 .170
Figure 3.4 Black River Histograms for Total Filterable Phosphate
I
.180
100.0-T-
00.0-
TOTAL FILTERABLE PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .070
MEAN : .073
STD. DEV. OF X : .033
N : 4-1
70.0- -
s0.0-
.0- -
+0.0- -
30.0- -
20.0- -
10.0'
II
mg/l
.010
I
.030
I
.030
.070
I
l
i
.130
f
t
.110 .130 .IS0 .170
Figure 3.4 Oswego River Histograms for Total Filterable Phosphate
I
.180
3-87
-------
ICO. S
£3.0-
70.0-
TOTAL FILTERABLE PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .021
MEAN : .02S
STD. DEV. OF X : .021
N : 22
o
V
Q.
.0
I
.
-------
100.0'
80.0-
70.0-
TOTAL FILTERABLE PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .018
MEAN : .013
STD. DEV. OF X : .007
N : 7S
S0.0-
4-0.0-
«
»
20.0-
ta
10.0-
.0
ta
«
mg/1
I i i t i i i i i r
.010 .030 .090 .070 .080 .110 .130 .190 .170 .180
Figure 3.4 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Total Filterable
Phosphate
3-89
-------
8
A
1972
Figure 3.5
S 0 N 0 J F M
1973
Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Dissolved Orthophosphate
e
I
AMJJAS ONDJF M
1972 19V3
Figure 3.5 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Dissolved Orthophosphate
3-90
-------
10
n
m I.I n
n
I
1/1
S
10
A
1972
A SONDJFM AM
1973
Figure 3.5 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Dissolved Orthophosphate
171 rn ij U n~i rp n
n
n n
AMJJ ASONDJF MAM
1972 1973
Figure 3.5 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Dissolved
3-91
-------
A
1972
A SONDJF HA
1971
Figure 3.5 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Dissolved Orthophosphate
3-92
-------
100.0
.0'
80.0
30.0'
20.0.
10.0-
DISSOLVED
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 127
ORTHOPHOSPHATE.
.027
.033
OF X : .021
M
mg/1
I
030
.030
f
.070
r
i
. 110
i
r
.130 .190
Figure 3.6 Genesee River Histograms for Dissolved Orthophosphate
I
. 170
i
. 180
100.0
a0.0
B0.0
70.0-
G0.0-
S0.0-
30.0.
20.0.
10.0-
DISSOLVE.D
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD . DEV .
N : 4-7
ORTHOPHOSPHATE
.004-
. 004-
OF X : . 003
mg/l
I
.010
I
.030
I
.090
.070
I
. 110
r
. 130
170
I
160
Figure 3.6 Niagara River Histograms for Dissolved Orthophosphate
3-93
-------
100.0-
80.0-
70.0-
80.0-
S0.0-
+j
I
I 4«.0-
20.0.
10.0-
DISSOLVED ORTHOPHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .004-
MEAN : . 004-
STD. DEV. OF X : .002
N : 96
mg/l
100.0-
e0.0-
80.0-
70.0-
S0.0-
30.0-
20.0-
1.0.0.
0
I
.0X0
I
.030
I
.090
t
.070
t
110
f
130
130
170
I
100
Figure 3.6 Black River Histograms for Dissolved Orthophosphate
DISSOLVED ORTHOPHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .025
MEAN : .026
STD. DEV. OF X : .014-
N : 87
mg/l
t
.010
I
.030
.090
I
.070
r
.110
130
f
.190
.170
I
180
Figure 3.6 Oswego River Histograms for Dissolved Orthophosphate
3-94
-------
100.0
70.0-
a0.0-
S0.0-
£ 40.0- -
20.0-
1.0.0-
DISSOLVED ORTHOPHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .005
MEAN : .006
STD . DEV . OF X : . 004-
N : SI
mg/l
r
.01.0
t
.030
t
.070
(
110
r
130
i
1S0
170
I
180
Figure 3.6 St. Lawrence River Histograms for
Dissolved Orthophosphate
3-95
-------
10
I
7
2
I
171 171
rn ,-=-, m I.I
I.I
AM JJASQN DJFMAM
1972 1973
Figure 3.7 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Nitrite-Nitrate
n
A
1972
A SONDJFM
1973
Figure 3.7 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Nitrite-Nitrate
3-96
-------
S
^.
W1
E
S
n n r-n n
AMJJ ASOND
1972
_
|
1
n
J F H A M
1973
Figure 3.7 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Nitrite-Nitrate
2
A
1972
ND
J
1373
Figure 3.7 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Nitrite-Nitrate
3-97
-------
8
7
n
n
nfl
A M J
1972
A S 0 N D J F
1973
Figure 3.7 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream
Loadings - Nittite-Nitrdte
3-9
-------
100.0
O0.0-
80.0<
70.0-
10.0*
NITRITE-NITRATE
MEDIAN : .SQ0
MEAN : .76S
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 127
. 4-0O
1
1 1 f 1 I 1
1 t 1 1 1 1 t f 1 I
.100 .300 .300 .700 .800 1.100 1.000 1.300 1.700 1.000
Figure 3.8 Genesee River Histograms for Nitrite-Nitrate
100.0
80.0
70.0
30.0'
20.0-
10.0-
NITRITE-NITRATE
MEDIAN : .1S0
MEAN : .191
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : BS
mg/l
.L00
.900 .700
I
I
t
1.100 1.300 1.
Figure 3.8 Niagara River Histograms for Nitrite-Nitrate
3-99
-------
100.0
a0.0-
ea.a-
70.0-
.0-
S0.0-
30.0*
20.0-
10.0-
NITRITE-NITRATE
MEDIAN : .350
MEAN : .335
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 112
. ISO
mg/l
100.0-
80.0'
B0.0-
70.0-
30.0
T
20.0-
L0.0-
0
t
.300
i
.909
i
.700
i r
1.100 1.300
I.S00
r
1.7
00 1.000
Figure 3.8 Black River Histograms for Nitrite-Nitrate
NITRITE-NITRATE
MEDIAN : .500
MEAN : .503
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 93
. 14-6
. 1
1
. 1.03) -
l£0
a
1
t£0
.?
1 1 my/'
r i r t r r
t,t ,B£f l.lfcj 1.360 l.SCJJ 1.700 1.6a^9
Figure 3.8 Oswego River Histograms for Nitrite-Nitrate
3-100
-------
100.0'
70.0-
90.0-
NITRITE-NITRATE
MEDIAN : 160
MEAN : 187
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 86
. 133
30.0'
L0.0'
mg/1
t
.74
t. U
1.
Figure 3.8 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Nitrite-Nitrate
3-101
-------
10 T
3
2 <
I
rp T! ii
A
1972
ASOND JFH
1973
Figure 3.9 Genes.ee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Ammonia
A
1972
N
M
D J F
1973
Figure 3.9 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Ammonia
3-102
-------
r-ri
A
1972
10
3
Z
A S 0 N D J F
1973
Figure 3.9 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Ammonia
n
. _ n
i.i
n n .
AM JJASON DJFMA M
1972 1973
Figure 3.9 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Ammonia
3-103
-------
10 T
a
n n
A H
1972
J
J
A
S
~][~
0 N
0
1
J
973
F
M
A
M
Figure 3.9 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Ammonia
3-104
-------
1.00.0
S0.0-
70.0-
90.0-
a. 4-0.0-
30.0-
20.0-
AMMONIA
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : IIS
. 210
.221
OF X :
. 1S7
.a.
!2S
.8.
173
. 1
23
. 1
73
.S
|
.23 .2
1 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 *
r r r t i
173 .323 .373 .4-23 .4-73
Figure 3.10 Genesee River Histograms for Ammonia
100.0-
80.0-
80.0-
70.0-
30.0-
4-0.0-
30.0.
20.0.
1.0.0-
AMMONIA
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : S3
.030
. 04-0
OF X :
. 04-1
mg/l
> 1
.023 .073
f
1.23
I
I
I
I
.1.73 .223 .273 .323
Figure 3.10 Niagara River Histograms for Ammonia
. 373 .4-23
t
.4.73
3-105
-------
80.0-
70.0-
S0.0-
4-0.0-
30.0-
20.0.
10.0-
AMMONIA
ME.DIAN :
MEAN :
STD . DEV .
N : 106
. 070
.083
OF X :
.054-
1 mg/1
r r f r r i r i i r
.023 .079 .1.23 .173 .229 .273 .323 .373 .4-23 .4-73
Figure 3.10 Black River Histograms for Ammonia
100.0-
80.0-
80.0-
70.0-
S0.0-
S0.0-
30. SB'
20.0'
.0-
.0
AMMONIA
ME.DIAN :
ME.AN :
STD. DEV
N : QS
. 1S0
. 1SS
OF X :
.0S7
- !
!
.023
I
.073
I
. 123
. 173
.223
1 , 1 I
i r t i r
.273 .323 .373 . 4-SS .4-73
Figure 3.10 Oswego River Histograms for Anmonia
3-106
-------
0.0-
70.0-
AMMONIA
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 84-
.023
.026
OF X :
.016
+0.0-
30.0.
20.0.
V0.0-
mg/1
I I
.029 .079
IZ9
,178
.223
.879
.329
.379
.4-23
.4.79
Figure 3.10 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Ammonia
3-107
-------
3
2
1
i-i n
r-ir-ir-inrinnnnn
AMJJAS ONDJFMA M
1972 1973
Figure 3.11 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
3
2
I
n
n
AMJJASQN DJFM AM
1972 1973
Figure 3.11 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
3-108
-------
I
n 171 171
A M J
1972
n m _
J A S
rp TI r-p 1,1
0 N 3 J
1973
n H
. n
F M A H
7
Figure 3.11 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
n
0
n n
D
nn
AMJJA SONDJFH AM
1972 1973
Figure 3.11 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
3-109
-------
s
B
2
nnn
n
nn
i
nn .
A M J J
1972
A S 0 NDJFMA
197J
figur,1 3 11 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
."otal Kjeldahl Nitrogen
3-110
-------
1019.0
80.0-
70.0-
90.0-
30.0'
20.0.
TOTAL KTELDAHL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .370
MEAN : 4-0S
STD. DEV. OF X : .1O2
N : IIS
J[
I
90 .230
H-n-i_
1 1 1 t I f f
.390 .440 .030 .890 .790 .090 .090
Figure 3.12 Genesee River Histograms for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
100.0
00.0
e0.0
70.0'
Q0.0.
90.0-
+0*0'
3(0.0'
.0'
10.0-
TOTAL KJ"ELDAHL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .1S0
MEAN : .1S0
STD. DEV. OF X : .0S2
N : 30
.090
.390
r
.990
I
.830
.790
.290 .390 .440
Figure 3.12 Niagara River Histograms for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
.090
f
.690
3-111
-------
100.0
70.0-
90.0-
30.0.
20.0*
10.0'
TOTAL KJTELDAHL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .160
MEAN : .1S1
STD. DEV. OF X : .110
N : 71
mg/l
090
I
.130
.330 .*30 .930 .830 .730
Figure 3.12 Black River Histograms for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
100.0
80.0-
70.0-
S0.0-
S0.0-
44».»-J-
30.0-
20.0-
TOTAL KJTELDAHL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .4-10
MEAN : .4-11
STD. DEV. OF X : .07S
N :
t
. 130
mg/l
I
.230
.930
.4-30 .330 .830 .730
Figure 3.12 Oswego River Histograms for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
3-112
-------
100.0
a0.0<
70. 0'
30.0'
TOTAL KJTELDAHL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .180
MEAN : .200
STD. DEV. OF X : .0S0
N : 97
30.0
20.0'
10.0
nig/1
I I I I
.130 .230 .390 .400
1
.990
1
.790
t
.830
Figure 3.12 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
3-113
-------
1.0
7
B
S
s
(J
i
r_l
A
1972
n
MJJA SONDJF
1973
MAM
Figure 3.13 Genesee River Monthly Mean Loadings
Organic Nitrogen
a
4-
3
1 n
A M
1972
A SONDJF M
1973
Figure 3.13 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Orqanic Nitrogen
3-114
-------
n
n n
A
1972
ASONDJFM
1973
Figure 3.13 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Organic Nitrogen
i
2
I
nllnnn
A
1972
N D
)
1973
F M
Figure 3.13 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Organic Nitrogen
3-115
-------
8
I.I
II
AM JJASO NDJ FMAM
1972 1973
Figure 3.13 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Organic Nitrogen
3-116
-------
100.0-1-
80.0.
80.0-
70.0--
S0.0-
s +0.0--
100.0-
00.0-
80.0.
70.0--
ORGANIC NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .14-0
MEAN : .172
STD. DEV. OF X :
N :
. 102
30.0-
1.0.0-
1
.a.
«0
. i
30
1 1 1 I 1 t f I
.230 .330 .4-30 .330 .830 .730 .830 .830
Figure 3.14 Genesee River Histograms for Organic Nitrogen
ORGANIC NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .1S0
MEAN : .158
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 31
.032
S0.0-
§ +0.0-
01
Q_ ^_
30.0-
.0
mg/l
1 1 I 1 1 1 1 f 1 1
.030 .IS0 .230 .330 .4.30 .330 .830 .730 .830 .830
Figure 3.14 Niagara River Histograms for Organic Nitrogen
3-117
-------
100.0-
.0- -
.0-
70.0-
30.0-
S0.0- -
449.0- -
30.0--
ORGANIC NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .100
MEAN : .117
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 4-6
.080
20.0-
10.0-
.0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 \ II
.030 .130 .230 .330 .4.50 .330 .330 .730 .830 .S30
Figure 3.14 Black River Histograms for Organic Nitrogen
100.0
80.0- -
80.0-
70.0- -
S0.0-
50.0-
30.0--
20.0-
10.0--
ORGANIC NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .210
MEAN : .219
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 63
.096
1 1 1 '"U/l
r i ( i i i i i i i
.030 .130 .230 .330 .4.30 .330 .330 .730 .830 .830
Figure 3.14 Oswego River Histograms for Organic Nitrogen
3-118
-------
100.0-T-
80.0--
80.0'
70.0" -
90.0--
30.0- -
ORGANIC NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .150
MEAN : -172
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 74-
.083
40.0-
20.0--
10.0--
mg/1
.030
130
.230
I
.830
I
.730
I
.330 .4.30 .330 .830 .730 .830
Figure 3.14 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Organic Nitrogen
.030
3-119
-------
etric tons/day x 10
metric tons/day x 10
o <
tQ Q
3 -
r- N U * W
-H 1 1 1 1 (-I 1 1 1
(D
1
<&
I
n
±. O '
-------
10 T
7
*
3
Z
I
n
n
A
1972
A S 0 N3JFM
1973
Figure 3.15 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Total Nitrogen
n
A M J
1972
J
1Q71
Figure 3.15 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Total Nitrogen
3-121
-------
2
I
n
A M
1972
ASO NDJFMA
1973
Figure 3.15 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Total Nitrogen
3-122
-------
100.0-1-
.0- -
70.0--
90.0-
S0.0- -
+0.0-
30.0-
TOTAL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : 1.160
MEAN : 1.214-
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 108
.4-50
mi
20.0-
10.0-
0
.2
-
30
.]
30
1. 2
.30
F
j 1 mg/1
t 1 1 1 1 1 1
1.730 2.230 2.730 9.230 9.730 4.. 230 4-. 730
igure 3.16 Genesee River Histograms for Total Nitrogen
100.0-
a0.0+ TOTAL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .350
80.0-
70.0-
80. 0-
30.0-
*0.0-
90.0-
20.0-
10.0-
.0
1 ICJ-VIN OCJO
STD. DEV. OF X : .114-
N : 4-4-
I I I t I I t I I t
.250 .730 1.230 1.730 2.230 2.730 9.230 9.730 4..230 4.. 730
Figure 3.16 Niagara River Histograms for Total Nitrogen
3-123
-------
100.0-1-
00.0-
80.0- -
70.0- -
TOTAL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .4-60
MEAN : . 4-78
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : SB
. 154-
30.0-
+J
c
tu
t +0.0-
s.
30.0-
20.0-
10.0-
.0
| rag/1
U50.0-I-
80.0- -
80.0-
70.0- -
i r i t i i
.250 .730 1.230 1.730 2.230 2.730 3.230 3.730
Figure 3.16 Black River Histograms for Total Nitrogen
TOTAL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .900
MEAN : .909
STD. DEV. OF X : .138
N : 65
i i
4..230 4-. 730
B0.0-
S0.0-
+0.0-
30.0-
10.0-
:
l
mg/1
i i i i i i t i i r
.230 .730 1.230 1.730 2.230 2.730 3.230 3.730 4.. 230 4.. 730
Figure 3.16 Oswego River Histograms for Total Nitrogen
3-124
-------
L00.0-I-
.9- -
TOTAL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .380
MEAN : .375
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 72
. 118
70.0--
60.0- -
30.0. -
40.0- -
30.0- -
20.0.
10.0- -
mg/1
.230
r
r
r
i
r
.730 1.230 1.730 2.230 2.730 9.230 9.730 +.230
Figure 3.16 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Total Nitrogen
4.. 730
3-125
-------
metric tons/day x 10
metric tons/day x 10
I I
ro
i
U* 0)
D
M O
U 0)
-------
10 T
8
7
3
3
Z
I
n
Ha
n
n
A
1972
ASONDJFM
1973
Figure 3.17 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Total Organic Carbon
a
z
i
AMJ JASOND JFMAM
1972 1973
Figure 3.17 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Total Organic Carbon
3-127
-------
3
?
I i
1
A
972
M
J
J
A
S
_M
0
N
n
D J F
19/3
n
M
A
_
M
i Figure 3.17
St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream
Loadings - Total Organic Carbon
3-128
-------
100.0
T
. 0
?& SS
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
MEDIAN : 4- . 220
MEAN : 4-. 365
STD . DEV . OF X : 1 . 34-3
N : 91
j
mg/1
i t t i t r i i i i
1.00 3.00 a.00 7.00 a.00 11.00 L3.00 13.00 17.00 18.00
Figure 3.18 Genesee River Histograms for Total Organic Carbon
. 0 -
. SW 0
Z&.SD-
TOTAL ORGAiNxC CARBON
MEDIAN : 3.24-0
MEAN : 3 . 234-
STD. DEV. OF X : 1.19S
N : 70
mg/1
' I ' ' I I I I I
3.00 3.00 7.00 8.00 11.00 13.00 13.00 17.00 18.00
Figure 3.18 Niagara River Histograms for Total Organic Carbon
3-129
-------
100.0
80.0-
721.0-
40.0-
30.0-
10.0-
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
MEDIAN : 4- . 600
MEAN : 4-. 552
STD. DEV . OF X : 1 . SBS
N : SB
-
I .
00
1
a.
00
s.
00
7.
[ mg/1
i r i i i i
00 8.00 11.00 13.00 13.00 L7.00 18.00
Figure 3.18 Black River Histograms for Total Organic Carbon
100.0
G0.0-
B0.0-
30.0-
,; 449 . 0
10.0 -
.0
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
MEDIAN : 4-. 580
MEAN : 4-. 805
STD. DEV. OF X : 1.278
N :
L.00
-
-
I 1 mg/1
\
\
I
t t I I I
11.00 13.00 IS.00 17.00 IS.S
S.00 7.00 8.00
Figure 3.18 Oswego River Histograms for Total Organic Carbon
3-130
-------
100.0-
80.0-
70.0-
e0.0-
90.0-
+0.0-
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
MEDIAN : 2.3S0
MEAN : 2.627
STD. DEV. OF X : 1.S05
N : 74-
30.0-
20.0-
L0.0-
mg/1
I.I
I I I
3.00 S.00 7.00
i i r t i
II. 00 13.00 IS.00 17.00 IS. 8
Figure 3.18 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Total Organic Carbon
3-131
-------
A
1972
171 ,-71
M J J A
^ n
m .
S 0 N D J F M
1973
A H
Figure 3.19 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Silica
7
a
s
3
A
1972
ASONDJ FM
1973
Figure 3.19 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Silica
3-132
-------
10
7
S
3
2
t
n n r-i m n
AHJJA SONDJ FMAM
1972 1973
Figure 3.19 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Silica
10 T
? a
2
I
r^-, i i m
1
n^_
AMJJA SONDJF MAM
1972 1973
Figure 3.19 Oswego Riwer Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Silica
3-133
-------
10 T
a
A M
1972
ASO NDJFMA
1973
Figure 3.19 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Silica
3-134
-------
L00.0-
80.0-
+0.0-
30.0*
20.0-
10.0*
.0
SI LIC A
MEDIAN : 3.200
MEAN : 2 . 94-2
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 73
1 .84-3
^_^_^ m9/'
i i i i r i r t r t
.900 1.900 a. 900 3.900 4.. 900 9.900 0.300 7.900 8.900 8.900
Figure 3.20 Genesee River Histograms for Silica
100.0-
80.0-
70.0-
00.0-
S0.0<
+0.0-
30.0-
20.0-
10.0-
.0
SILICA
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : SO
. 390
. 4-4-9
OF X :
.306
mg/1
I
.900
f I I
1.900 S.900 3.900
I I
.900 9.900
7.
r r
8.900 a.900
Figure 3.20 Niagara River Histograms for Silica
3-135
-------
LCU0.0-
eua.to-
30.0-
20.0-
10.0-
SILICA
MEDIAN : 4-. 000
MEAN : 3.9S2
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 34-
1 . 2S8
1
.300
I I
1. Saw 2.300
7.S00
Figure 3.20 Black River Histograms for Silica
100.0
30.0<
7SO.0-
90.0-
30.0.
20.0.
t0.0-
SILICA
MEDIAN : 1.370
MEAN : L.7B2
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 62
1 .34-3
1 mg/1
t t i i i i i i t r
.300 1.300 2.300 3.300 4.. 300 3.300 8.300 7.300 8.300 8.300
Figure 3.20 Oswego River Histograms for Silica
3-136
-------
L00.0-
70.0'
SILICA
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 73
. 4-S0
.601
OF X :
.321
90.0*
*0.0*
30.0-
20.0.
10.0-
mg/1
ill
1.900 S.900 3.900
r t
9.900 8.900
7.900 8.900 0.
Figure 3.20 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Silica
3-137
-------
n n n r-i
HI ii ii f~l r~i m
A H
1972
A S 0 N DJFM
1973
Figure 3.21 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Sodium
10 T
a
s
3
I
i.l
I.I
1
AM JJASQUD JFMAM
1972 1973
Figure 3.21 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Sodium
3-138
-------
10 T
a
8
o
5
i
A
1972
MJJAS ONDJFMA M
1973
Figure 3.21 Figure 3.21 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Sodtum
7
3
n
A M
1972
0 N
J
1973
MAM
Figure 3.21 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Sodium
3-139
-------
2 B
2
I
nnnn.nn
A M
1972
0 N
n
D J
1973
Figure 3.21 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Sodium
3-140
-------
100.0
0-
80.0-
70.0-
.0-
S 90.0-
40.0-
30.0-
SODIUM
MEDIAN : 26.580
MEAN .- 27.315
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 131
10. 4-B2
20.0.
1.0.0.
0
mg/1
i i i i i i r t i r
9.00 13.00 29.00 33.00 44.00 99.00 89.00 79.00 89.00 89.00
100.0
80.0-
70.0'
80. 0'
90.0-
g =B.
20.0-
1.0.0-
Figure 3.22 Genesee River Histograms for Sodium
SODIUM
MEDIAN : 12.500
MEAN : 13. 14-4-
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : SI
1 . 5SQ
mg/1
I I
9.00 13. fi
till
29.00 39.00 4A.00 99.1
I I
S3. 00 79. t
r i
89.00 83.00
Figure 3.22 Niagara River Histograms for Sodium
3-141
-------
70.0-
Q0.0-
90.0-
448.0-
30.
20.0.
10.0-
SODIUM
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD . DEV .
N : 135
3.750
. SSI
OF X :
. 711
mg/l
I I I I I I I I I I
S.00 LS.00 23.00 33.00 4.3.00 93.00 83.00 73.00 89.00 89.00
Figure 3.22 Black River Histograms for Sodium
1.049.0
80. 0'
70.0-
80.0-
S 30.0-
449.0-
30.0-
20.0-
10.0-
0
SODIUM
MEDIAN : 50.530
MEAN : 4-7. SSI
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 100
11.175
1 I 1
1 mg/l
I I
3.00 13.«
I ...
29.00 33.00 4-3.00 93.00 89 .<
Figure 3.22 Oswego River Histograms for Sodium
3-142
-------
100.0-
80.0-
80.0-
70.0-
»-
C0.0-
90.0-
+0.0-
30.0-
20. 0-
10.0-
.0
SODIUM
MEDIAN : 13.280
MEAN : 13.522
STD. DEV. OF X : 2.175
N : 32
" J
rag/1
1.00 LS.00 2S.00 3S.00 4-S.00 SS.00 83.00 7S.00 8S. <
Figure 3.22 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Sodium
3-143
-------
10 T
a
8 :
7
n n
i . »
A M J J A
S
r-i n
0 N
n
D
n
J
r-, n
F M
n
A
m ,
M
10 T
e
7
1972
1973
Figure 3.23 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Potassium
II
n
II
II. .
A
1972
AS Q N D J F M
1973
Figure 3.23 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Potassium
3-144
-------
10
3
A
1972
ASONDJFM
1973
Figure 3.23 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Potassium
10
n.
n
A
1972
AS ONDOFM
1973
Figure 3.23 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Potassium
3-145
-------
2
I
I.I
AMJO ASONDJ FHAM
1972 1973
Figure 3.23 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Potassium
3-146
-------
80.0-
70.0-
80.0-
90.0-
4-0.0'
20.0-
10.0-
POTASSIUM
MEDIAN : 3.100
MEAN : 3.136
STD. DE1V. OF X :
N : 134-
.300
mg/l
i i i i r i i
.300 L.900 2.900 3.S00 4..900 9.900 a.900
Figure 3.24 Genesee River Histograms for Potassium
7.
a.900 a.900
100.0
80.0'
70.0
g0.
3 90.0
449.0'
30.0-
20.0-
10.0-
0
POTASSIUM
MEDIAN : 1.600
MEAN : 1.S59
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 85
. 183
mg/l
i r i r i i i r
.900 1.900 2.900 3.900 4.. 900 9.900 0.900 7.900
Figure 3.24 Niagara River Histograms for Potassium
a. 900
a. 900
3-147
-------
O0.0-
80.0-
70.0-
80.0'
S0.0-
30.0-
20.0-
POTASSIUM
MEDIAN : .7
MEAN : .772
STD. DEV. OF X
: L30
. 18B
rag/1
(III
.300 L.S00 Z.S00 3.S00
i r
0.S00 7.S00
B.S00 S.S00
L00.0
00.0.
70.0
3(0.0
Figure 3.24 Black River Histograms for Potassium
POTASSIUM
MEDIAN : 2 - 64-0
MEAN : 2 . 654-
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : S6
.34-6
S 30.0--
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
mg/1
I
.900
I.S00
i t i r
2.900 3.900 4-. 300 9.900
I
8.900
Figure 3.24 Oswego River Histograms for Potassium
7.900 8.900 a. 900
3-148
-------
L00.0-
7(0.0-
80.0-
POTASSIUM
MEDIAN : 1 - 54-0
MEAN : 1.514-
STD. DEV. OF X :
N :
.314-
8 S0.0--
+0.0-
20.0.
10.0-
nl
mg/l
I I
.900
I
I
3.900 4..900 3.900 e.900 7
Figure 3.24 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Potassium
a.900
3-149
-------
7
A
1972
ASON DJFM
1973
Figure 3.25 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Calcium
10
*
| 1
1 1
__
1 1
AHJO ASONDJ FMAM
1972 1973
Figure 3.25 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Calcium
3-150
-------
.a.
m rn
10 T
A M
1972
ASOND JFH
1973
Figure 3.25 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Calcium
n
A
1972
A S 0 NDJFM
1973
Figure 3.25 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Calcium
3-151
-------
10
2
I
AMJ JASOND JFMA M
1972 1973
Figure 3.25 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Calcium
3-152
-------
80.0-
70.0-
40.0*
30.0-
S0.0*
10.0-
.0
CALCIUM
MEDIAN : 4-3.000
MEAN : 4-3. SSI
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 133
11.073
I I I I f I f i I t
S.00 LS.00 S3.00 3S.00 44.00 99.00 89.00 79.00 89.00 89.00
Figure 3.26 Genesee River Histograms for Calcium
100.0
80.0-
70.0-
S se.0<
30.0<
10.0-
CALCIUM
MEDIAN : 32.700
MEAN : 32 . 304-
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : SO
4-. see
mg/1
S.00 13.
ri
29.00 3S.
till
99.00 83.00 79.00 89.1
Figure 3.26 Niagara River Histograms for Calcium
3-153
-------
70.0-
+0.0<
30.0-
IP.Q-
CALCIUM
MEDIAN : 10.300
MEAN : 10.4-63
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 131
2. 4-84-
mg/l
i r i i i i i r
9.00 19.00 29.00 39.00 +9.00 99.00 89.00 79. S
Figure 3.26 Black River Histograms for Calcium
89.00 S9.4
.0-
70.0-
90.0-
4<0.0-
.0-
20.0.
10.0-
CALCIUM
MEDIAN : 6S.000
MEAN : 65.723
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : Ql
6. 713
i i i i r
9.00 19.00 29.00 99.00 4-9.00 99.
00
as.
00
79.
| mg/l
C 1
00 89.00 89.00
Figure 3.26 Oswego River Histograms for Calcium
3-154
-------
100.0-
80.0'
70.0-
CALCIUM
MEDIAN : 33.700
MEAN : 32.S00
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 36
4-. 374.
+0.0-
30.0-
20.0-
10.0-
mg/1
S.00
I I I
IS.00 29.00 3S.
I I
4.9.00 99.<
I
09.
Figure 3.26 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Calcium
r i
79.00 as.4
as.00
3-155
-------
10
n n n
n
A
1972
A SQNDJF M
1973
Figure 3.27 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Magnesium
10
7
A
1972
AS QNJJFH
1973
Figure 3.27 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Magnesium
3-156
-------
8
7
10
Figure 3.27 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Magnesium
A
1972
ASONDJ FM
1973
Figure 3.27 Oswego RiVer Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Magnesium
3-157
-------
10
I
1972
ASO NDJFM A
1973
Figure 3.27 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Magnesium
3-158
-------
100.0-r-
70.0-
S0.0-
40.0*
80.0
10.0
MAGNESIUM
MEDIAN : 12.S00
MEAN : 12.3SS
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 132
2. 131
S.00 7.00 a.00 11
100.0-1-
70.0-
10.00
Figure 3.28 Genesee River Histograms for Magnesium
MAGNESIUM
MEDIAN : B.000
MEAN : 7.350
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : S3
S33
20.0-
L0.0*
mg/1
t.00 3.00
I
r
00 7.00 0.00 11.00 13.00 13
Figure 3.28 Niagara River Histograms for Magnesium
17.
is.
3-159
-------
100.0-
a0.0-
70.0-
S0.0-
S0.0'
30.0'
20.0*
10.0*
MAGNESIUM
MEDIAN : 1.330
EAN : 1 . 24-6
3TD. DEV. OF X :
. 2S3
mg/1
f
I
I ! I
1.00 It.00 13.00
f
S.00 7.W a.00 It.00 13.00 IS.I
Figure 3.28 Black River Histograms for Magnesium
r r
17.00 10.00
100.0'
00.0-
B0.0-
70.0-
20.0'
MAGNESIUM
MEDIAN : 11.300
MEAN : 12.38S
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 100
. 170
=
i
^ 1
1
!
I
i
I 1 ! f F I ! « f
1.00 3.00 S.00 7.00 f.jfV 11.00 in. 00 IS.dW IV.00 1«
Lina/1
^.,
Figure 3.28 Oswego River Histograms for Magnesium
3-160
-------
70.0- -
90.0.
(J
a
a_
30.0
10.0'
MAGNESIUM
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD . DEV .
N : 7a
«
r
7 . 700
7 .677
OF X : . 4-76
mg/l
I I
.00 II.
I I f
19.00 IS.00 17. t
ta.00
Figure 3.28 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Magnesium
3-161
-------
s
*
a
A M
1972
J F
1973
M
M
Figure 3.29 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Sul fate
n
AMJ J ASONDJ FMAM
1972 1973
Figure 3.29 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Sulfate
3-162
-------
3
A M
1972
J J
O N D
J F
1973
MAM
2
L
Figure 3.29 Bl»ck River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Suffate
n n
A M
1972
) J A S O N D I F M
Figure 3.29 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Sulfate
3-163
-------
A M
1972
J
1973
Figure 3.29 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Sulfate
3-164
-------
100-0-r
70.0--
.0- -
£ 80.0-
s
40.0*
30.0- -
20.0- -
10.0- -
SULFATE
MEDIAN : 4-8.000
MEAN : 4-7 . 863
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 73
9.817
ng/1
It! I I I I I I I
s.00 is.00 23.00 as.00 4.3.00 ss.00 as.00 73.00 as.00 as.00
Figure 3.30 Genesee River Histograms for Sulfate
100.0-1-
.0--
SULFATE
MEDIAN : 25.600
MEAN : 25.081
STD. DEV. OF X : 2.4-20
N : 37
70.0'
80.0-
' S0.0-
40.0-
30.0- -
20.0- -
10.0- -
mg/1
t t i r f i r i i t
3.00 13.00 23.00 33.00 4.3.00 33.00 S3.00 73.00 83.00 S3.00
Figure 3.30 Niagara River Histograms for Sulfate
3-165
-------
100.0-T-
S0.0- -
SULFATE
MEDIAN : 10.300
MEAN : 9 . 64-3
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 4-2
2.033
70.0. _
80.0- -
530.0- -
40.0-
30.0- -
20.0--
10.0- -
mg/1
S.
100.0-1-
00.0- -
80.0--
70.0- -
90.0*
30.0- -
40.0-
I I I I I t ! I J
IS. 00 S3. 00 33.00 +3.00 33.00 S3. 00 73.00 83.00 «3.00
Figure 3.30 Black River Histograms for Sulfate
SULFATE
MEDIAN : 53.4-00
MEAN : 52.4-10
STD. DEV. OF X : 9.623
N : SI
30.0*
20.0- -
10.0- -
mg/l
t i i i i r i i ( r
3.00 IS.00 23.00 33.00 4-3.00 33.00 S3.00 73.00 83.00 S3.00
Figure 3.30 Oswego River Histograms for Sulfate
3-166
-------
100.0-1-
.0--
80.0. -
70.0- -
SULFATE
MEDIAN : 27.600
MEAN : 27 . 4-07
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 59
3.84-5
«
40.0-
*
30.0-
M
10.0-
»
.A
-J
J rag/1
S.00
IS
i i r t I i t i i
.00 25.00 33.00 +S.00 33.00 SS.00 93.00 83.00 S3.00
Figure 3.30 St. Lawrence River Histograms' for Sulfate
3-167
-------
n n n
n fl n m H n n
A N
1972
D 0 F M A M
1973
Figure 3.31 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Chloride
A M 0 J A S QNDJFM AM
1972 1973
Figure 3.31 Ntagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Chloride
3-168
-------
10
a
I
A
1972
10
AS Q N D J F M
1973
Figure 3.31 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Chloride
A
1972
A S 0 N D JFM
1973
Figure 3.31 Oswego Rfver MontMy Mean Stream Loadings
Chloride
3-169
-------
I
£ s
o
M
U
T
-M
i *
2
I
AHJJASQ NDJFHAM J
1972 1273
Figure 3.31 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Chloride
3-170
-------
100.0-r-
70.0'
40.0-
20.0*
10.0-
CHLORIDE
MEDIAN : 4-0.330
MEAN : 3O.O62
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 130
12.80S
mg/l
I I
7S.0 129
I I I II
.0 179.0 229.0 279.0 929.0 979.0
Figure 3.32 Genesee River Histograms for Chloride
4*9.
4.73.0
80.0-
70.0*
30.0'
20.0.
10.0-
CHLORIDE
MEDIAN : 25.SQ0
MEAN : 2S . 254-
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : S2
1 . IBS
ng/l
2.S0
I
I
I
I
LS.90 17.90 22.90 27.90 92.90
Figure 3.32 Niagara River Histograms for Chloride
97.90 4C.90 4.7.90
3-171
-------
100.0
80.0
70.0.
30.0-
20.0.
10.0-
CHLORIDE:
MEDIAN : 102.600
MEAN : 123.3S1
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 118
4-7 . 3O0
mg/1
23.0 79.0
I
I
I
I
I
L2S.0 173.0 223.0 273.0
Figure 3.32 Oswego River Histograms for Chloride
373.
I I
+23.0 4.73.0
100.0-
70.0'
30.0-
*0.0-
30.0-
20.0-
10.0-
CHLORIDE
MEDIAN : 1.830
MEAN : 1.90S
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 101
.623
mg/1
i i r t r i i r
2.30 7.30 L2.S0 17.30 22.30 27.30 32.30 37.30
Figure 3.32 Black River Histograms for Chloride
r t
:.S0 4.7.30
3-172
-------
100.0-
70.0-
CHLORIDE
MEDIAN : 2S.600
MEAN : 28.703
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 70
2.24-1
S0.0-
+0.0-
20.0.
mg/l
I I I I I I I I f I
2.30 7.90 LS.90 17.30 2S.90 87.30 32.30 37.30 4B.S0 4-7.-
Figure 3.32 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Chloride
3-173
-------
k
\
A M J J
1972
A
n n
SON D J
1973
F
nn
MAM
Figure 3.33 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Fluoride
2
I
in 1,1 H 1 1 n
A MJJ ASONDJF MAM
1972 1973
Figure 3.33 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Fluoride
3-174
-------
h «
2
I
A
1972
A SONDJFM
1973
Figure 3.33 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Fluoride
I
A
1972
AS ONDJFM
1973
Figure 3.33 Oswego River Monthly-Mean Stream Loadings -
Fluoride
3-175
-------
n
n . .
AMJJ A S 0 N D JF MAM
1972 1973
Figure 3.33 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Fluoride
3-176
-------
70.0- -
30.0'
FLUORIDE.
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD . DE.V .
N : 12B
. 120
. IIS
OF X :
.04-2
n
mg/l
.073
t
. 189
.178
I
WB3
.979
Figure 3.34 Genesee River Histograms for Fluoride
.4.73
100.0-1-
80.0-
70.0
FLUORIDE
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 01
. 120
. IIS
OF X :
.04-5
30.0-
M
20.0-
10.0-
.ea
| , - «,/!
.079 .129 .179 .229 .279 .329 .373 .4-23 .4-73
Figure 3.34 Niagara River Histograms for Fluoride
3-177
-------
70.0--
90.0-
+0.0-
20.0'
10.0-
.0
FLUORIDE
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 112
.031
.034-
OF X :
03B
.079
I
.879
123 .173 . C*B
Figure 3.34 Black River Histograms for Fluoride
I
.329
.378
.4*9
.4.79
100.0-
30.0-
.0-
I
20.0-j-
10.0-
.0
FLUORIDE
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV
N : 34-
. 1 10
. 117
OF X :
| - 1 |
.031
-9/1
r
.073
I
123
I
I
r
.173 .229 .279 .323
Figure 3 34 Oswego River Histograms for Fluoride
.373
.433
.4.73
3-178
-------
100.0
80.0<
70.0
30.0-
20.0.
L0.0-
FLUORIDE:
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 92
. 100
. 115
OF X :
.055
mg/1
f 1 f f f I I f I f
.023 .073 .129 .173 .223 .273 .323 .373 .4-23 .4-73
Figure 3.34 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Fluoride
3-179
-------
I *
171
n m n
n
A
1972
10 T
2
I
ASONDJF H
1973
Figure 3.35 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Manganese
n
nnn-n
ri n
A M
1972
AS ONDJFM
1973
Figure 3.35 Niagara RTver Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Manganese
3-180
-------
a
7
3
1
A
972
M
r~|
J , ^ ^ rv, n n
J J A S 0 N D
1
J
973
n
F
H
| 1
A
M
S
u
T
+J
i
Figure 3.35 Black Rfver Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Manganese
Hn
A M J J A S
1972
0
N
D J F M A H
1973
Figure 3.35 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Manganese
3-181
-------
7
S
4.
I
nnnnnnnn
1972
0 A S ONDJFM
1973
Figure 3.35 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Manganese
3-182
-------
70.0-
S0.0-
+0.0-
30.0.
20.0.
10.0-
MANGANESE
MEDIAN : .090
MEAN : .0S8
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 124-
.04-0
!__,-
Lr-.
i t t i i i i r i r
.010 .030 .030 .070 .000 .110 .130 .190 .170 .160
Figure 3.36 Genesee River Histograms for Manganese
100.0
70.0<
S0.0<
+0.0-
30.0'
20.0-
10.0-
MANGANESE
MEDIAN : .012
MEAN : .013
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : S3
.011
mg/l
I t
.010 .030
I
.090
I
.070
I
110
r
. 130
. 190
t
> 170
. 180
Figure 3.36 Niagara River Histograms for Manganese
3-183
-------
100.0
70.0<
S0.0-
4-0.0'
30.0.
20.0.
10.0-
MANGANESE
MEDIAN : .04-1
MEAN : .04-1
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 12B
.014-
: r
i
.010 .«
| mg/1
00 .030 .070 .080 .110 .130 .190 .170 .160
Figure 3.36 Black River Histograms for Manganese
100.0
a0.0<
70.0-
830.0.
+0.0-
30.0-
20.0.
10.0-
MANGANESE
MEDIAN : .050
MEAN : .052
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : S0
.024-
"
1 1 1 1 '"9/1
> 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 ( I
.010 .030 .030 .070 .080 .110 .130 .130 .170 .180
Figure 3.36 Oswego River Histograms for Manganese
3-184
-------
100.
8(0.0-
70.0'
eat. 0.
£30.0--
+0.0-
30.0-
20.0*
10.0.
.0
MANGANESE
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 32
. 00S
.003
OF X :
.003
mg/l
I
.0L0
.030
.050
I
.070
.080
I
110
. 130
I
130
.170
r
ia0
Figure 3.36 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Manganese
-------
s
7
S
3
I
n
A M J J A S ONDJ
1972 1973
F
MAM
Figure 3.37 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Iron
10
2
A M J J A
1972
ri n 171
m m
S Q M D J F M
1973
rp r-p ,
A M
Figure 3.37 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Iron
3-186
-------
a
n
A M
1972
0 N
D J F
1973
Figure 3.37 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Iron
n n
A
1972
0 N
J
1973
MAM
Figure 3.37 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Iron
3-187
-------
10
I
. . n
A M J J
1972
n
FT! r^ r-,
A S 0 N D 0 F M A M
1973
Figure 3.37 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Iron
3-188
-------
80.0'
70.0-
S0.0-
S. 40.0-
30.0.
20.0.
10.0-
IRON
MEDIAN : 3.780
MEAN : 4-. 34-0
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 106
1.
1 1 r t . r"9/l
t 1 I 1 1 1 t ( !
00 3.00 S.00 7.00 «. 00 11.00 13.00 13.00 17.00 10.00
Figure 3.38 Genesee River Histograms for Iron
100.0
80.0<
70.0.
90.0.
30.0'
441.0
30.0.
20.0.
10.0.
IRON
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 34-
.320
.34-7
OF X :
.207
mg/J
I t
1.00 3.00
I I
S.00 7.00
I I I
1.00 11.00 13.4
13.00
f (
17.00 10.00
Figure 3.38 Niagara River Histograms for Iron
3-189
-------
100.0-
a0.0-
70.0-
20.0.
10.0-
IRON
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 12S
. 770
.813
OF X :
.629
mg/l
I I t t t t I
90 7.00 0.00 It.00 19.00 19.00 17.00 18.00
Figure 3.38 Black River Histograms for Iron
100.0'
70.0-
30.0-
S. +0.0-
30.0.
20.0-
10.0*
IRON
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 97
. 4-20
. 4-4-6
OF X :
.24-4-
mg/l
L.00 3.00
I
f
I
I
S.00 7.00 0.00 11.
Figure 3.38 Oswego River Histograms for Iron
I I
13.00 13.fl
r t
17.00 IS.00
3-190
-------
100.0-
00).
B0.0-
70.0-
S0.0'
30.0-
20.0.
10.0-
IRON
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 93
.200
.317
OF X :
.3S3
mg/l
I f I f I I I I I
3.00 s.00 7.00 a.00 11.00 13.00 is.00 17.00 ia.00
Higure J.38 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Iron
-------
metric tons/day x 10
metric tons/day x 10
IQ
c -
fD rvl *"
00
CO ^
£T5 ^*
n>
ro
u> c.
n>
ID
5 "
<
fD
"^ t/i
|
£»; o
2
3
00
g "^
O
O>
Q.
^' ="
13
IQ
l/l
1 -f
Z
O ^
7T
0)
1 ' 1 i 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 ( 1- I 1 1 1 1 1 n-fl
-1 % -
-J % 3*
1 " *
-J W *
] " -.
H-
I OQ
1 S
p
(5
H
| 0
] 1 z
~1 3
0
1 *
J n> -
f
o
Qj
1 H'
-1 3
OQ S
J 1
Z >
H-
o
(C $
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3
-J
'
u
Z]
Z3
i
1 '
I
Z)
1
'
ID
' 1
1
-------
fa
7
2
I
A
1972
10 T
AS ONDOFH
1973
Figure 3.39 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Nickel
A
1972
OA50N DJFMA
1973
Figure 3.39 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Nickel
3-193
-------
2
I
fl r-i n I.I
AMJ JASONDJ FHAM
1972 1973
Figure 3.39 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings - Nickel
3-194
-------
fc> -y
S0.0'
80.0-
70.0-
80.0'
30.0.
20.0.
L0.0-
NICKEL
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 55
.010
.010
OF X :
.004-
mg/l
I
.009
I
.019
.0es
.033
I
.04-3
I
.033
.078
0as
Figure 3.40 Niagara River Histograms for Nickel
80. 0-
B0.0-
70.0-
B0.0-
50.0-
4-0.0-
30.0
20.0'
1.0.0-
NICKEL
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV
N : 106
. 01B
.01S
OF X :
. 005
t mg/l
i i r i i r f i i r
.005 .015 .023 .033 .04-3 .033 . 0B3 .073 .083 .083
Figure 3.40 Genesee River Histograms for Nickel
3-195
-------
L00.0-
80.0-
80.0-
70.0-
80.0-
4J
C
i_
4^.0-
«w
30.0-
20.0-
1.0.0-
.0
NICKEL
MEDIAN : .004-
MEAN : . 004-
STD . DEV . OF X : . 002
N : 7S
| mg/l
i i i i i i i i t r
.003 .013 .023 .033 .04-3 .033 .083 .073 .083 .083
Figure 3.40 Black River Histograms for Nickel
3-196
-------
L00.0-
.0-
80.0*
70.0- -
B0.0-
NICKEL
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 86
. 007
.007
OF X :
.005
30.0
4-0.0'
30.0-
20.0.
10.0-
.0
mg/1
.003
I I
.013 .023
.033
f
0V3
.039
f
.073
f
.083
.083
Figure 3.40 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Nickel
3-197
-------
T1 T1
A M
1972
T1 1 1 ' r M T
J J A S 0
r-pi
N
n
D
IT1 T"
m r-,
J F M A M
1973
Figure 3.41 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Copper
10 T
e
8
7
8
A
1972
J ASONDJ FM
1973
Figure 3.41 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Copper
3-198
-------
n
n
A M
1972
ASO NDJFM
1973
Ftgure 3.41 Black. River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Copper
t
n n
nnn
nnnn
A
1972
ASQND JFM
1973
Figure 3.41 Oswego River HontKly Mean Stream Loadings -
Copper
3-199
-------
I
A M
1972
A SOUDJFM A
1973
Figure 3.41 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings. -
Copper
3-200
-------
100.0
00.0-
a0.0<
70.0-
30.0
+0.0<
90.0-
20.0.
10.0-
COPPER
MEDIAN :
ME1AN :
STD. DEV.
N : 127
.01S
.017
OF X :
.00S
" ,_,
1^
0029 06
173
.01
23
.01
73
1
.08
«s
H_
1 1 | mg/l
f i r t r
.0279 .0929 .0373 .0+83 .04.73
Figure 3.42 Genesee River Histograms for Copper
100.0
.0
70.0<
COPPER
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 81
.00S
.00S
OF X :
.003
+0.0-
90.0-
S0.0-
L0.0-
O}
n rag/1
i i i i r i i i i i
.0089 .0079 .0189 .0173 .0229 .0279 .0923 .0979 .0+29 .04-73
Figure 3.42 Niagara River Histograms for Copper
3-201
-------
100. 0
.0-
70.0'
90.0.
+0.0-
30.0.
20.0.
10.0'
COPPER
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 116
.00S
.010
OF X :
.005
1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 t
.0023 .0079 .0129 .0179 .0223 .0279 .0329 .0379 .0*23 .04*73
Figure 3.42 Black River Histograms for Copper
100.0
S0.0-
80.0-
70.0-
e0.0-
S0.0<
$> +0.0.
30.0.
20.0-
L0.0-
COPPER
MEDIAN :
ME1AN :
STD. DEV.
N : 9S
.019
.013
OF X :
.010
^ . . ...... II
1 f 1 f 1 1 f I '"9/1
t i i i i r i t t r
.0029 .0079 .0129 .0179 .0229 .0273 .0323 .0373 .04-23 .04-73
Figure 3.42 Oswego River Histograms for Copper
3-202
-------
80.0-
70.
B0.0-
90.0-
*0.0-
30.0<
20.0.
10.0-
COPPER
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 100
.015
.01S
OF X :
.011
h-T~l
ng/l
.00SS .0079 .0ies .0179 .0CSS .0279 .09B9 .0379 .0*29 .04-79
Figure 3.42 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Copper
3-203
-------
10
nn
A M
1972
0 N
D J
1973
Figure 3.43 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Zinc
o S
3
I
n
rp
n
ion
n
A
1972
A SONDJFH
1973
Figure 3.43 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Zinc
3-2J4
-------
_D_
n
n
AMJ JASONDJF MA
1972 1973
I ,
M
I
Figure 3.43 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Zinc
n n
n n
m m n
A
1972
A S 0 N D J F M
1973
Figure 3.43 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Zinc
3-205
-------
10
>, e
8
A M J J A S
1972
ONDJFHAM
1973
Figure 3.43 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Zinc
3-206
-------
80.0
70.0-
*0.0-
30.0-
20.0.
10.0"
ZINC
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 73
.013
.021
OF X :
.014-
mg/l
I I
.010 .030
.0s0
.070
.110
.190
100
Figure 3.44 Niagara River Histograms for Zinc
100.0
70.0-
80.0-
₯ 90.0-
30.0-
20.0'
10.0.
ZINC
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 12S
.0SS
.072
OF X :
.037
__J 1 1
1 f
.010 .030
1
m
.<
_, , ( 1 mg/l
f 1 1 1 t 1
»70 .0B0 .110 .130 .190 .170 .180
Figure 3.44 Genesee River Histograms for Zinc
3-207
-------
100.0'
80.0-
70.0-
+0.0*
30.0-
20.0.
10.0-
ZINC
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : O4-
.025
.030
OF X :
01S
.<
»10
.<
f | mg/1
1 1 1 1 1 f t 1
K30 .090 .070 .000 .110 .130 .LS0 .170 .180
100.0-
70.0-
90.0-
30.0-
20.0.
10.0'
Figure 3.44 Oswego River Histograms for Zinc
ZINC
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 100
.020
.022
OF X :
.012
mg/l
I
.0L0
.030
.090
.070
.110
I
.130
. 190
170
Figure 3.44 Black River Histograms for Zinc
3-208
-------
100.0
70.0
ZINC
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 94-
.023
.032
OF X :
.02S
*
20.0.
«
10.0-
.0
»
I | | mg/1
(fiftrirrr
.010 .030 .030 .070 .000 .110 .190 .190 .170 .100
Figure 3.44 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Zinc
3-209
-------
7
S
3
2
\
1 . 1
n
AMJJAS
1972
NDJF
1973
MAM
Figure 3.45 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Lead
8
4-
2
fin
nn
AMJJA SONDOFMA M
1972 1973
Figure 3.45 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Lead
3-210
-------
10
1,1
A
1972
171 m
M J
f* '."'1 1 ' 1 1 y
J A S
_,_ rn T1
0 N D
n
r_i , ,
0 F M A
1973
M
I *
£
Figure 3.45 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Lead
D
A
1972
M J
0 N
D J
1973
Figure 3.45 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Lead
3-211
-------
-S s
A
197Z
A S 0 M D J FMA
1973
Figure 3.45 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Lead
3-21Z
-------
100.0-
80.0-
80.0-
70.0-
30.0-
30.0.
20.0.
10.0-
LEAD
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N :
.02Q
OF X
.014-
mg/1
I
.010
I
.030
I
.070
.110
i 130
I
, 170
Figure 3.46 Genesee River Histograms for Lead
100.0-
80.0-
70.0-
80.0-
90.0'
LEAD
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 54-
. 014-
.017
OF X :
.007
30.0-
S0.0.
10.0-
mg/1
i i i i i i i r i i
.010 .030 .090 .070 .060 .110 .130 .130 .170 .180
Figure 3.46 Niagara River Histograms for Lead
3-213
-------
100.0-
LEAD
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 1 14-
.012
.012
OF X :
.008
70.0-
30.0*
*0.0-
30.0-
20.0-
10. 0-
.0
mg/1
I
.010
t
.030
I
.090
I
.070
r
. 110
r
LS0
i
170
I
LS0
Figure 3.46 Black River Histograms for Lead
100.0-
S0.0-
B0.0-
70.0-
S0.0-
90.0-
4-0.0.
LEAD
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : S3
. 060
0S4-
OF X :
. 032
30.0-
20.0-
10. 0-
mg/1
J
. 0V.0
I
.030
I
.090
I
.070
1
L10
I
130
t
, L90
i 170
. Lea
Figure 3.46 Oswego River Histograms for Lead
3-Z14
-------
100.0-
70.0-
LEAD
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 100
.023
.030
OF X :
.014-
30.0*
80.0-
±L
i
.070
I
1.10
I
190
mg/1
170
Figure 3.46 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Lead
3-215
-------
s
u
L.
4->
g
nnnnnnnnn
A M J J A S 0
1972
N D J F
1973
Figure 3.47 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Cadmi urn
n r-i n n n 171
A M J
1972
ASO NDJFM
1973
Figure 3.47 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Cadmium
3-216
-------
s
s
u
5
8
nnn
Hnnnnnnn
I
3
A « J J A S
1972
ONDJFM AM
1973
Figure 3.47 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Cadmium
I
Ha
n n
A N
1972
ASONDJF M
1973
Figure 3.47 BUck River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Cadmium
3-217
-------
10
2
I
A
1972
JAS ONDJFM
1973
Figure 3.47 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Cadmium
3-218
-------
100.0
80.0-
70.0-
S.30.0--
*0.0-
30.0-
20.0-
10.0-
CADMIUM
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 55
.001
.001
OF X :
.001
mg/l
I
001
I
.003
I
.009
r
007
I
.011
I
.013
t
.013
I
.017
I
.0ia
100.0-
80.0-
70.0-
90.0-
Figure 3.48 Niagara River Histograms for Cadmium
CADMIUM
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 113
.003
.003
OF X :
.001
30.0.
20.0.
10.0.
t
001
r
.003
r
.009
i
i
.011
i
013
.007
Figure 3.48 Genesee River Histograms for Cadmium
I
01S
I
.017
3-219
-------
100.0-1-
80.0-
70.0<
a0.0<
90.0-
40.0'
20.0
10.0'
CADMIUM
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 94-
.002
.002
OF X :
.001
1
.001
.A
XP3
mg/1
.009 .007 .000 .011 .019 .019 .017 .010
Figure 3.48 Oswego River Histograms for Cadmium
100.0'
80.0-
70.0-
90.0-
S0.0-
40.0'
30. 0-
20.0'
10.0'
CADMIUM
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 84-
.002
.002
OF X :
.001
mg/l
.009
.009
.007
.000
t
I
.011 .019
I
.019
.017
.010
Figure 3.48 Black River Histograms for Cadmium
3-220
-------
100.0-r-
80.0
70.0--
60.0- -
40.0<
20.0- -
10.0-
CADMIUM
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV
N : 63
.003
.003
OF X :
.002
mg/l
t
.003
.009
t
.007
f
.011
f
.013
r
.015
f
.017
f
.0LS
Figure 3.48 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Cadmium
3-221
-------
10
i
m
A
1972
ASQ NDJFM
1973
Figure 3.49 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Mercury
2 e
X
>>
s
A
1972
ASONDJF M
1)73
Figure 3.49 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Mercury
3-222
-------
3
U
t.
4->
g
171 in n
n m
I.I n n n n r
AMJJA SONDJF M
1972 1973
-T- rn ,
A M
I
fi
A
1972
Figure 3.49 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Mercury
ASO N i) J F M
1973
Figure 3.49 Black River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Mercury
3-Z33
-------
I
-------
100.0'
70.0'
80.0'
S0.0'
PH
MEDIAN : 7.B00
MEAN : 7.57S
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : QS
.623
+0.0-
30.0-
20.0.
10.0-
I I
.900 S
I
9.300 4..900 S.900 O
Figure 3.50 Niagara River Histograms for pH
I
7.
1.900 0.9
100.0-
70.0-
90.0
PH
MEDIAN : 7.100
MEAN : 7 . 064-
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 127
. 4-82
+0.0-
00.0-
20.0.
10.0-
( I
.900 1.900
I
I
I I I I
. 900 S.900 8. 900 7.S00
2.900 3.900
Figure 3.50 Genesee River Histograms for pH
0.900 0.S00
3-225
-------
a0.0<
70.0- -
30.0.
00.0'
80.0-
10.0-
PH
MEDIAN : 7.520
MEAN : 7.SS7
STD. DEV. OF X :
N :
. 4-0S
»
»
r i r i r t i
.900 1.900 2.900 3.900 4.. 900 9.900 8.900
7.!
00
1
8.9
^^M
r
100 0.900
Figure 3.50 .Oswego River Histograms for pH
L00.0-
80.0-
70.0-
+0.0'
30.0'
20.0'
10.0-
PH
MEDIAN : 7.800
MEAN : 7.723
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : Q7
. 4-83
1
1
1
1 1
9.900 8.900
2.300 3.900 4.. 900 9.900 8.900 7
Figure 3.50 St. Lawrence River Histograms for pH
900 8.
3-226
-------
100.0
80.0
70.0-
.0.
.0'
30.0-
20.0-
10.0-
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
MEDIAN : 12 . 4-S0
MEAN : 12.4-3S
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 131
3.363
: _r-
1 mg/l
100.0-1-
S0.0- -
80.0- -
70.0- -
S0.0- -
30.0-
t r i i i { r r
2.00 e.00 10.00 14..00 is.00 22.00 2B.00 30.00 34..00
Figure 3.51 Genesee River Histograms for Dissolved Oxygen
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
MEDIAN : 12.500
MEAN : 12.193
STD. DEV. OF X : 2.4-76
N :
30.0-
20.0-
10.0-
.0
,
mg/l
2.00 S.00 10.1
14.. 00 18.00 22.
I I I I
2S.00 30.00 34-. 00 38.00
Figure 3.51 Niagara River Histograms for Dissolved Oxygen
3-227
-------
100.0-
80.0.
70.0-
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
MEDIAN : 12.4-70
MEAN : 12.4-217
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 109
1 .984-
30.0-
20.0.
10.0*
.0
mg/1
2.00
i i r i r
L0.00 14-. 00 18.00 22.00 28.00
r f i
1.00 34..00 38.»
100.0-
80.0.
70.0-
Figure 3.51 St. Lawrence River "Histograms for Dissolved Oxygen
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
MEDIAN : 12.100
MEAN : 11.S2S
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 139
2. 665
30.0>
30.0-
20.0-
10.0'
0
mg/1
2.00 B.
i
r i i r
18.00 22.00 28.00 30.
L0.00 14-. 00
Figure 3.51 Oswego River Histograms for Dissolved Oxygen
00 34..00 38.00
3-228
-------
n m n
AMJOA SONDOFM AM
1972 1973
10 T
8
8
a
3
I
Figure 3.52 Genesee River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Total Alkalinity
A
1972
ASONDJ FM
1973
Figure 3.52 Niagara River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Total Alkalinity
3-229
-------
10
A
1972
ASON DJFMA
1973
Figure 3.52 St. Lawrence River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings -
Total Alkalinity
3
2
A
1972
AS ONDJFM
1973
Figure 3.52 Oswego River Monthly Mean Stream Loadings
Total Alkalinity
3-230
-------
100.0
H0.0-
70.0-
30.0-
+0.0.
30.0.
20.0.
10.0'
ALKALINITY
MEDIAN : 82.000
MEAN : 79 . 038
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 132
12.093
mg/l
10.0 30.0
t t r i r r i i
30.0 70.0 S0.0 110.0 130.0 L90.0 170.0 LS0.0
Figure 3.53 Genesee River Histograms for Total Alkalinity
100.0 -I-
80.0- -
70.0--
80.0-
S0.0-
ALKALINITY
MEDIAN : 89.000
MEAN : 83.629
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 97
9.607
40.0-
M
30.0-
20.0-
10.0-
.0
1 1 t
10.0 30.0 30. 0
I mg/l
t I ( ( 1 ! 1
70.0 fl0.0 110.0 130.0 130.0 170.0 IS0.0
Figure 3.53 Niagara River Histograms for Total Alkalinity
3-231
-------
100.0 -
80.0.
80.0-
70.0-
80.0-
S0.0-
+0.0-
30.0.
20.0.
1.0.0-
ALKALINITY
MEDIAN : 77.200
MEAN : 72 . 54-6
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 108
6. 365
mg/l
10.0
30.0
I
r
i
r
c
90.0 70.0 80.0 110.0 130.0 1.30.0
Figure 3.53 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Total Alkalinity
170.0
180.0
100.0
00.0
80.0
70.0-
S0.0-
. 0-
30.0-
20.0.
10.0-
ALKALINITY
MEDIAN : 115.700
MEAN : 113.574-
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 136
16.398
| mg/l
I I
10.0 30.0
I
f
.0 70.0 80.0 110.0 130.0 1S0.0
Figure 3.53 Oswego River Histograms for Total Alkalinity
170.0
180.0
3-Z32
-------
100.0-
70.0-
Jf 90.0- -
40.0-
WATER TEMPERATURE
MEDIAN : 10.S00
MEAN : 12.094-
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 103
7 . 539
80.0.
10.0-
'
. 00 18.00 22.00 28.00 30.00 34..
B.00 10.00
Figure 3.54 Niagara River Histograms for Water Temperature
100.0
80.0*
70.0-
8 90.0--
WATER TEMPERATURE
MEDIAN : 10.000
MEAN : 10.S35
STD. DEV. OF X :
N :
S.33S
20.0.
10.0-
.0
i i r t r i r i t
2.00 8. 00 10.00 14-. 00 18.00 22.00 28.00 30.00 34-. 00
Figure 3.54 Genesee River Histograms for Water Temperature
38.00
3-233
-------
100.0
1.0-
70.0-
WATER TEMPERATURE
MEDIAN : Q.000
MEAN : 11.2S2
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 14-0
a. 10s
90.0'
+0.0<
30-0-
20.0.
L0.0-
.0
2.00
8.00 10.00 14-. 00 18.00 22.00 28/00 30 .'00 34-.'00 38/00
Figure 3.54 Oswego River Histograms for Water Temperature
100.0'
00.0-
80.0*
70.0-
S0.0-
+0.0-
30.0-
20.0-
WATER TEMPERATURE
MEDIAN : 8.300
MEAN : 9.2S0
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 103
.0
_L
I
I
I
I
i r i r i
22.00 28.00 30.00 34-. 00 38.00
8.00 10.00 14-. 00 18.00
Figure 3.54 St. Lawrence River Histograms for Water Temperature
3-334
------- |