902977001B
COMPREHENSIVE IFYGL MATERIALS BALANCE
STUDY FOR LAKE ONTARIO BASIN
PART II
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION II
26 FEDERAL PLAZA
NEW YORK, N. Y. 10007
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COMPREHENSIVE IPYGL MATERIALS BALANCE STUDY FOR
LAKE ONTARIO
PART II
Donald J. Casey
Patricia A. A. Clark
Jane Sandwick
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Region II, Rochester Program Support Branch
IPYGL Project
Rochester, New York
May 1977
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Chapter 4
4.1 Data analysis techniques
For a comprehensive discussion of the chemical
characteristics of Lake Ontario, the measurements have been
grouped into 4 basic categories* (1) nutrients, (2) major ions,
(3) heavy metals and (4) field measurements.
The nutrient chemistry involved variations in the
concentrations of total phosphate (TP - P), total filterable
phosphate (fFP - P), dissolved orthophosphate (OOP - P)f
nitrite-nitrate (N02-N03 - N), ammonia (NH3 - N), total KJeldahl
nitrogen (fKN - N), organic nitrogen (ON - N), total nitrogen (IN
- N), total organic carbon (TOO and silica (Si02). Included as
major ions are sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ga),
magnesium (Mg), sulfate (S()4 ), and fluoride (F). Manganese
(Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cooper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cadmium
(Cd) are the heavy metals. The quantities pH, dissolved oxygen
and total alkalinity were obtained as field measurements. The
water temperatures were improperly measured and so have not been
reported.
Variations of the chemical concentrations and field
measurements are, of course, a very complex matter. Statistics
for each of the cruises are provided in Tables 4.I a through 4.1k.
In order to ascertain some basic trends in these variations,
histograms for the measurements of each substance for each cruise
have been obtained (the "a" series of figures for each
substance). The "b" series show the lake surface concentrations
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map. The variations in mean concentration with depth are
presented in the "a" series of tables (beginning with Table
4.2a). Depth-time isopleths of concentration have been
determined in the figures labeled "c". Horizontal variations are
presented in figures "d" (north-south variations), "e" (middle
lake-offshore variations), and the "b" series of tables
(east-west variations). Figures "f and "g" show the mean
monthly surface and bottom concentrations and where possible
compare these with those reported by Shiomi and Chawla (1970)
which spanned the period April 1969 through March 1970. In
addition, a calculation of the mass of each substance contained
in the lake at the time of each cruise has been made. The total
masses together with the masses of each of the horizontal
sublayers into which the lake was divided are presented in the
tables "c" beginning with 4.2c. A summary of the total masses
for each cruise has been provided in Table 4.26. The masses of
each substance in the upper 20 meter "eutrophic zone" appear in
Table 4.25.
Before continuing with the discussion of the individual
substances, the analysis procedures previously listed will be
described. Contours of constant surface concentrations have been
plotted for those substances for which data were obtained from at
least 2b (0 to 2 meters) sampling stations. Using the SYMAP
computer contouring oackage (Dudnik 1971) together with a
digitized map of the shoreline of Lake Ontario, contours for eacn
substance on each cruise have been drawn.
The variations of the mean concentrations of each of the
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substances with depth were obtained from the SPLOTCH (Boyce 1973)
computer program. The program interpolates vertically to fill
gaps in the missing data and then layer mean concentrations are
obtained by dividing the calculated layer masses by the layer
volumes.
In order to determine the general east-west trends in the
concentration variations, the lake is split into sections which
run perpendicular to the lake in a roughly north-south direction,
see Figure 4.1. The concentrations of each substance measured at
all stations within each section have been averaged and are
listed in the tables designated "b".
North-south variations in the concentrations of each
substance are obtained by dividing the lake into sections which .
are perpendicular to the lake surface in a generally east to
westerly direction. Stations in each section are indicated in
Figure 4.2. Averages were obtained for the north, central and
southern sections. These mean values have been plotted in the
11 d" series of figures.
For the comparison of middle lake and offshore mean
concentrations the lake has been divided as indicated in Figure
4.3. The field year variations of the mean middle lake and mean
offshore concentrations have been plotted in the "e" series of
the figures.
Lake mass contents of the nutrients, major ions and heavy
metals have been calculated by means of a numerical integration
of the product of the substance concentration and the volume
element associated with that concentration over the entire lake.
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The bottom surface contours and the lake shoreline have been
digitized for an accurate volume determination of Lake Ontario.
The integrations were performed by means of the SPLOTCH (Boyce
1973) computer program which divided the lake into layers and
obtained the mass of each substance in each of the layers. These
layer masses together with the total mass of each substance are
listed in the "c" series of tables with the totals summarized in
Table 4.26.
4.2 Nutrients
TOTAL PHOSPHATE
The means, standard deviations, maximum and minimum
concentration measurements of total phosphate are presented in
Tables 4.la - 4.1k for each of the II materials balance cruises.
For each of the cruises, a total phosphate histogram has been
drawn in Fig 4.4a. These are generally somewhat skewed toward
lower values.
Computer surface concentration maps of TP are provided in
Fig 4.4b for cruises 4(Jul 10-14, 1972), 5(Aug 21-25, 1972),
6(()ct 30-Nov 2, 1972), 7(Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972), 9(Mar 18-23, 1973),
10(Apr 24-30, 1973) and IKJun 11-15, 1973). Insufficient
surface concentration data was available in the case of the other
cruises. The pattern roughly appears to be characterized by
higher south shore concentrations in the mid summer (cruise 4)
followed by a propagation of higher concentrations northward
(cruises 5 and 6). The surface concentration became fairly
uniform with the onset of winter (cruise 7). During 1973, the
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cycle of higher concentration on the south shore in the early
spring (cruise 9) which later migrating northward in summer
(cruises 10 and 11) was repeated.
The variations of the mean concentration with depth were
provided in Table 4.2a. The early May (cruise 1) concentrations
were fairly uniform with depth at about .010 mg/1. By mid May
(cruise 2) the concentrations were higher throughout the lake
with the highest levels in the depth range 30-JOO meters. The
spring turnover appeared to have occurred between these two
cruises. The mid June (cruise 3) concentrations showed a similar
distribution to that of the previous cruise. By middle July
(cruise 4) there was a definite negative gradient of the
concentration with depth. In mid August (cruise 5) the upper 20
meters concentrations had decreased while the concentrations in
the 30-150 meter depths have increased. The fall overturn seemed
to have homogenized the concentration by November (cruise 6).
Generally December, February, March and April (cruises 7,8,9, and
10) are fairly uniform with depth. Between cruises 10 and II
(later April and mid-June) there was the spring turnover with
maximum concentrations again in the middle levels. Fig 4.4c
illustrates these seasonal variations of concentration with
depth.
Fig 4.4d, which shows the north to south variation of the
mean total phosphate concentrations, demonstrates a rather ^ell
defined north to south positive gradient with central lake values
running generally lower than either the north or south shore
areas. The offshore-middle lake variation is further illustrated
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in Fig 4.4e where offshore values slightly exceed those of the
middle lake. Table 4.2b shows no enduring bias throughout the
field year (each segment showed a mean over the field year of
about .018 mg/1). Cruises 1,2,6,8,9 and II exhibited an increase
from east to west while the opposite trend was noted in cruises
3, 4 and 10 data. Cruises 5 and 7 showed increased
concentrations in the central portion.
Fig 4.4f compares the mean surface concentrations of total
phosphate as measured by Shiomi and Chawla (1970) in 1969-70 with
the IFYGL study. The Shiomi and Chawla values averaged about 1.4
times those of the IFYGL study in 1972-73. The comparison of the
bottom concentrations, Fig 4.4g, also showed uniformly higher
values in the Shiomi-Chawla study.
Table 4.25 shows the field year variation of total of total
phosphate in the top 20 meter "eutrophic zone". The mass peaked
in the spring-summer and early winter periods. The component
layers and total mass contents of TP for the lake are listed in
Table 4.2c. A summary of the total mass content for each cruise
is provided in fable 4.26.
TOi'AL FILTERABLE PHOSPHATES
Tables 4.1a-4.Ik provide the means, standard deviations,
maximum and minimum concentration measurements of total
filterable phosphate for each of the cruises. A total filterable
phosphate histogram is also included for each of the cruises in
Fig 4.ba. The histograms, like those for total phosphate, are
generally skewed somewhat toward lower values.
Computer surface concentration maps are included as Fig
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4.Db. Sufficient surface concentration data existed to produce
maps for cruises 2(May 25-19, 1972), 3(Jun 12-16, 1972), 4(Jul
10-14, 1972), 5(Aug 21-25, .1972), 6(()ct 30-Nov 2, 1972), 7(Nov
27-Dec 2, J972), 8(Feb 5-9, 1973) and 11(Jun 11-15, 1973).
Higher concentrations were noted off the mouth of the Niagara
River and also the eastern central portion of the lake in May
1972. By mid June the portions of these higher concentration
areas near shore have been depleted. The higher concentration
regions were once more quite extensive, reaching across the lake
from Breeze-Hamlin (U.S.) to Colbourg (Canada) and from the
Oswego to Black River mouths (U.S.) to the Coleborne to Prince
Edward Point (Canada) area in July. In August the overall
surface concentrations were reduced, with patches of moderate
concentrations at points along the southern shore and off
Toronto. The early November cruise showed increased surface
concentrations of total filterable phosphate with higher
concentration patches along the shoreline. The December cruise
found a more uniform lake surface with only very small areas of
enhanced concentrations at the mouths of the Niagara, Genesee and
St. Lawrence Rivers. The general level of the surface total
filterable phosphate had greatly increased by February with heavy
concentrations extending from the Niagara River mouth to Toronto,
from the north central shore into the lake and along the shore
near the mouth of the Black River. During June the surface mean
concentration was again reduced with catches of moderate
concentration at various shore locations and a north-south strip
which extended from the Sodus Bay area (U.S.) up to the
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Colbourne-Salmon Point area (Canada).
Table 4.3a provides a synopsis of the variation of total
filterable phosohate with depth. Throughout May (cruise I and 2)
the concentrations remained fairly uniform at all depths of the
lake. By mid June (cruise 3) the upper 40 meters were depleted
while the lower levels had been enhanced. This situation
persisted into July (cruise 4). The August cruise (cruise 6)
showed a general reduction of total filterable phosphate at all
depths. At the beginning of November (cruise 6) the
concentrations were somewhat increased but fairly uniform with
depth. The concentration remained much the same into December
(cruise 7). February (cruise 8) saw greatly enhanced
concentrations with a positive depth gradient; this picture
persisted into March (cruise 9). The highest concentrations of
the field year were observed in April (cruise 10) at which time
the variation with depth was extremely slight. By June (cruise
II) the upper levels were again experiencing depletion. This
field year variation in total filterable phosphate
concentration, shown in Fig 4.5d, indicated that lower
concentration levels persisted throughout the field year in the
northern part of the lake as compared with the central and
southern portions. The central and southern portions showed the
same mean value over the field year, however, the concentrations
in the central lake exceed northern and southern in the spring
while the southern concentrations were dominant in the summer,
fall and winter seasons.
The offshore-middle lake variation is further illustrated in
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Fig 4.be where off-shore concentrations were greater in summer
and winter. Springs of 1972 and 1973 both showed higher middle
lake values. Table 4.3b shows no particular east-west trend in
the total filterable phosphate data.
Figs 4.5f and 4.5g show the mean surface and bottom
variation of total filterable phosphate throughout the field
year. Both showed the same basic structure with winter spring
maxima and generally lower values in the summer and fall.
Table 4.2b shows the field year variation of total
filterable phosphate in the upper 20 meter eutrophic zone. This
quantity also peaked in the winter-spring period. Table 4.3c
lists the component layers and total mass contents of TFP for the
lake. A summary of the total mass content for each cruise is
provided in Table 4.26.
DISSOLVED OHTHOPHOSPHATE
For each of the materials balance cruises, the means,
standard deviations, maximum and minimum dissolved orthophosphate
concentrations are listed in Tables 4.la - 4.1k. Fig 4.6a
provides the histograms for the OOP concentrations determined for
each of the cruises. The histograms are generally quite broad
and skewed toward lower values in the summer and fall while the
winter and early spring saw higher concentrations.
Computer surface maps of dissolved orthophosphate are shown
in Fig. 4.6b. Sufficient surface data was available for the
construction of maps only for cruises 5 (Aug. 21-25, 1972), 6
(Oct. 30 - Nov. 2, 1972), 7 (Nov. 27 - Dec. 2, 1972), 8 (Feb.
5-9, 1973), 9 (Mar. 18-23, 1973) and 11 (June 11-15, 1973).
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August 1972 was characterized by low uniform concentrations.
From November to March there were some isolated coastal patches
of higher concentrations superimposed on generally low lake wide
concentrations. The concentrations were universally low again by
June.
The variation of dissolved orthophosohate with depth is
included as Table 4.4a. In mid-May the concentrations were
higher near the surface and declined with increasing depth.
Uniformly low OOP concentrations were observed in June. By July
and August the upper levels were still low, however, the
concentrations at the lower levels had increased. The
concentrations began to rise also at higher levels in the lake
during November and December so that the overall lake wide
concentrations were moderate. Early February saw a decline at
the greatest depths but no change at shallower depths. In
mid-March the OOP was again beginning to be depleted. June was
characterized by decreased concentrations in the shallower
portions of the lake. The field year depth variation of
dissolved orthophosphate is further illustrated in Fig 4.6c.
Fig. 4.6d shows the north-south distribution of dissolved
orthophosphate in the lake. On the average, the northern
concentrations were the lowest but increased considerably in the
central lake and increased slightly more in the south part of the
lake. The offshore-middle lake variations are specifically
presented in Fig. 4.6e where it is shown that the middle
concentrations exceeded those of the offshore region, except in
mid-winter. From Table 4.4b, the east-west variations indicated
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a trend of increasing dissolved orthophosphate concentrations
from the eastern to the western end of the lake.
Figs. 4.6f and 4.6g show the surface and bottom
concentrations of dissolved orthophosphate. Both had low
concentrations in the summei—fall period and peaks in the winter.
Table 4.25 lists the field year variation of OOP in the
upper 20 meter "eutrophic zone". The lake mass content of OOP
peaked in the winter-spring period. The component layers and
total mass content of dissolved orthophosphate for the lake are
listed in Table 4.4c. A summary of the total mass content for
each cruise is provided in Table 4.26.
NITRITE-NITRATE
Given in Tables 4.la-4.lk are the means, standard
deviations, maximum and minimum concentration measurements of
nitrite-nitrate for each of the II cruises. A nitrite-nitrate
histogram is also included for each cruise in Fig 4.7a. In each
case, the histogram is skewed toward lower values.
Fig 4.7b shows a computer mapoing of the surface
concentration data for each of the 11 cruises. In early May
(cruise I) high concentrations existed in the western and central
portions of the lake surface which by mid May (cruise 2) were
somewhat reduced in magnitude. Concentrations in the eastern end
of the lake had become large. High concentrations were also
characteristic of the western and central lake into June (cruise
3) but the eastern concentrations were lower once again. With
the exception of small areas the nitrite-nitrate concentrations
were quite low during July and August (cruise 4 and 3). The
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concentration level of the entire lake was increased with the
greatest increases having occurred along the western end and the
southern shore by early November (cruise 6). In early December
(cruise 7), the south-western shore concentrations were reduced
as compared with the previous month. February, March and into
May (cruises 8, 9 and 10) showed a fairly uniform high
concentration level for the whole lake with slightly higher
concentrations along the southwestern shore. By mid-June (cruise
11) the concentration levels were generally reduced except near
the mouths of the major tributaries.
The variations of the mean concentration of nitrite-nitrate
with depth has been included as Table 4.5a. During May (cruises
I and 2) the concentrations were high at all depths but generally
increased with depth. Depletion of nitrite-nitrate throughout
the lake to a near uniform moderate level occurred in June
(cruise 3). This uniformity may have been the result of the
spring overturn mixing. The July cruise (4) found further
depletion of nitrite-nitrate in the upper 20 meters while at
greater depths the concentrations had increased. Reductions of
concentration throughout the lake characterized August (cruise
5). By November (cruise 6) the mean concentration in the upper
20 meters of the lake again began to increase while at greater
depths concentrations continued to decrease. A decrease in
concentrations throughout the lake occurred in December (cruise
7) but by February (cruise 8) and through March (cruise 9) this
trend had been entirely reversed with a near uniform
concentration at all depths. The late April (cruise 10) and June
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(cruise II) data showed a general depletion. "During June
concentrations near the lake bottom grew. Fig 4.7c is a graphic
presentation of the variations with depth over the field year.
North-south variations in nitrite-nitrate shown in Fig 4.7d
indicate lower concentration levels persisted through the field
year in the northern part of the lake. The central lake
concentrations are largest in the spring and summer 1972 but
remained about equal with the southern portion of the lake during
the remainder of the field year. Fig 4.7e for the offshore-
middle lake comparison of mean concentrations of nitrite-nitrate
showed the middle lake concentration to exceeded those of the
offshore area throughout the year except during the winter. The
east-west concentration variation of the mean concentrations are
listed in Table 4.5b. Generally the concentrations at the
western end of the lake exceeded those at the eastern end except
in June and December when the opposite situation existed.
The mean surface concentration of nitrite-nitrate measured
in 1969-70 and reported by Shiomi and Chawla (1970) are compared
with the IFYGL data in Fig 4.7f. Both studies found the same
structure of variation by the late summer-fall values in the
IFYGL study are considerably lower than in the Shiomi and Chawla
study. Fig 4.7g compares the bottom concentrations determined in
the same two studies. both showed a near constant level
throughout the field year.
Table 4.2b illustrates the field year variation of total
filterable phosphate in the upper 20 meter "eutrophic zone". The
mass peaked in the springs of both 1972 and 1973. The comoonent
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layers and total mass contents of nitrite-nitrate for the lake
are listed in Table 4.5c. A summary of the total mass contents
for each cruise is provided in Table 4.26.
AMMONIA
Means, standard deviations, maximum and minimum
concentration measurements of ammonia are provided in Tables
4.la-4.Ik for each of II cruises. Fig 4.8a includes a histogram
for each of the cruises. Cruises t and 2 showed a nearly
constant value throughout the lake while the remainder showed a
generally rather broad distribution in concentration values.
Computer maps of ammonia surface concentrations are provided
in Fig 4.8b for cruises 3(Jun 12-16, 1972), 4(Jul 10-14, 1972),
5(Aug 21-25, 1972), 6(0ct 27-Nov 2, 1972), 7(Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972),
8(Feb 5-9, 1973), 9(Mar 18-23, 1973) and II(Jun 11-15, 1973).
Insufficient surface concentrations existed for the other cruises
to make possible the calculation of computer maps. June 1972 was
characterized by generally low levels of ammonia except
immediately adjacent to Toronto, the Niagara River mouth and at
the east end of the lake where moderate concentrations were
noted. 3y July 1972 the ammonia concentration level of the lake
had increased with wide north-south strips of higher
concentration connecting the Niagara River mouth to Toronto and
another running from Rochester to Oswego almost across the lake.
The August cruise found quite similar surface ammonia
concentration picture. At the beginning of November overall
ammonia had increased with higher levels typical of the entire
western hair of the lake as well as a north-south strip crossing
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from Rochester to Prince Edward Point.
The ammonia concentration was greatly reduced throughout the lake
by Decemoer. dy February areas of higher ammonia concentrations
had developed adjacent to Toronto, the Niagara Wiver mouth and the
Rochester area. From late March into June the ammonia concen-
trations were moderately low.
i'he variation of ammonia with depth is illustrated in
fable 4.6a. In late spring the concentration dropped off with
depth. During the summer there was a build up of the ammonia
in the deeper lake waters until by August ammonia levels were
fairly uniform with depth, This situation persisted until
spring l°/3l see Fig. 4.8c.
Presented in Fig. 4.3d is the north-south variation of ammonia
The southern ammonia concentrations consistently exceeded both
northern and central mean concentrations. The northern lake
ammonia concentrations ran slightly in excess of the central lake
throughout the field year. This offshore versus middle lake
variation is demonstrated explicitly in Fig. 4.8e. Except for May
\9/2 when a uniform ammonia concentration throughout the lake was
determined, the offshore concentrations consistently surpassed
thos of the middle lake. In the east-west variation, Table 4.6b,
the middle lake mean concentrations continued to be lower than
either those in the eastern or western ends of the lake. The
western end of the lake did however, tend to contain higher ammonia
concentrations than the eastern except during the late fall when
the two are comparable.
Figs. 4.8f and 4.8g show the mean surface and bottom variations
of ammonia throughout the field year as compared witn data obtained
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data obtained in 1969-1970 and reported by Shiomi and Chawla
(1970). The IFYGL surface values average about half the values
obtained in the other study but show a summer-fall peak which was
absent in the Shiomi-Chawla study. For the bottom concentrations
the two studies indicated closely related structures and ranges
of value. The late summer-fall peak was evident in both studies.
In the IFYGL analysis, high values were maintained even into the
winter. Spring minima were characteristic of both studies.
The field year variation of ammonia in the upper 20 meters
"eutrophic" zone is shown in Table 4.25. July through August
were characterized by the highest ammonia content while the
minimum ammonia content appeared in early spring. Component
layers and total mass contents of ammonia for the lake are listed
in Table 4.6c. A summary of the total mass content for each
cruise is provided in Table 4.26.
TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN
Provided in Tables 4.la-4.lk are the means, standard devia-
tions, maximum and minimum concentration measurements of Total
Kjeldahl nitrogen for each of the cruises in Fig 4,9a. The
summer and fall cruises showed considerably broader ranges of
concentrations than during the rest of the year.
Comouter maps of the lake surface concentrations are
included as Fig 4.9b. Sufficient surface concentration data
existed only for cruises 2(May 15-19, 1972), 3
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generally moderate through May and June 1972 with increased
levels which developed during July. Concentration levels, then
once again, began to subside in August and continued to do so
through February 1973. The February values are uniformly low
throughout the lake. By June 1973 the map showed the same sort
of higher concentrations that had been observed the previous
June.
The variation of total Kjeldahl nitrogen with depth is
provided in Table 4.7a. Generally the concentrations decreased
with depth during the field year although during the winter-
spring 1973 period the decrease with depth was rather small.
This variation is graphically demonstrated in Fig. 4.9c.
North-south variations in total Kjeldahl nitrogen shown in
Fig 4.9d revealed the north and south mean concentrations to be
quite close, however, the south peaked slightly before the north.
Also the central lake was consistently lower than either the
north or south means. The offshore-middle lake variation is
further illustrated in Fig 4.9e where the offshore values ran
consistenly higher than the middle lake. Both showed
simultaneous maxima and minima. Table 4.7b provides the
east-west variations. It is apparent from the table that the
eastern end of the lake displayed generally higher concentrations
than the western end. Both were higher than the central lake
concentrations.
Fig 4.9f and 4.9g display the mean surface and bottom con-
centration variations of total Kjeldahl nitrogen during the field
year. Both surface and bottom mean concentrations exhibited the
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same type of variation with summer-fall peaks and winter-spring
troughs.
Table 4.2b lists the field year variation of total Kjeldahl
nitrogen in the upper 20 meter "eutrophic zone41. This quantity
peaked in July 1972 and reached its minimum in March 1973.
Component layers and total mass contents of total Kjeldahl
nitrogen for the lake are listed in Table 4.7c. A summary of the
total mass content for each cruise is provided in Table 4.26.
ORGANIC NITROGEN
The histograms for each of the cruises appear in Fig. 4.10a.
During the field year, the width of the distribution of values
varied considerably with a maximum during the summer. Late
spring and into summer was a period of maximum mean values.
The variation of organic nitrogen with depth is included as
Table 4.8a. Generally, the organic nitrogen concentrations
decreased with depth in the lake except in the fall when the
reverse occurred. The field year variation of organic nitrogen
with depth is further illustrated in Fig. 4.IOc.
Horizontal variations are provided by Fig. 4,IOd (north-
south variation), 4.10e (offshore-middle variation) and Table
4.8b (east-west variations). Organic nitrogen appeared to exist
at the highest concentrations in the northern segment of the
lake, with the southern mean concentrations somewhat lower and
the central concentration still lower. The offshore-middle lake
variations show consistently higher offshore than middle lake
mean concentrations. Also there were generally higher
concentrations in the eastern than in the western ends of the
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lake.
Figs. 4.)0f and 4.IOg show that the surface and bottom mean
concentrations were structurally similar with summer maxima and
winter-early spring minima. The surface means, however,
generally exceeded the bottom means which is to be expected from
Table 4.8a.
The component layers and the total mass content of organic
nitrogen in the lake are listed in Table 4.8c.
TOTAL NITROGEN
The histograms for total nitrogen as determined for each of
the cruises are provided in Fig. 4.11 a. Over the field year the
width of the distribution of total nitrogen measurements varied
from quite broad in the summer and fall of 1972 to very narrow in
the winter. Variation in the cruise mean values ranged from a
high of .48 mg/1 in summer 1972 to a low of .27 mg/1 in fall
1972.
Table 4.9a, provides the mean concentrations for the study
of the variation of total nitrogen with depth. Both spring 1972
and 1973 showed a decrease of total nitrogen with depth while a
general increase was noted throughout the remainder of the field
year. See also Fig. 4.He.
Provided in Fig. 4. ll.d is a plot of the north-south
variation of total nitrogen. There were no major north-south
variations, however, the concentrations in the northern segment
of the lake were slightly lower than either the central or
southern mean concentrations. Offshore-middle lake variations
are provided in Fig. 4.11 e. Again, the variations were not great
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but during the spring and summer, the middle lake values exceeded
the offshore concentrations while in winter the situation was
reversed, rtith regard to the east-west variations, mean total
nitrogen concentrations decreased from west to east in the lake;
see Table 4.9b.
Fig. 4.1 If and 4.1lg provide the surface and bottom mean
nitrogen concentrations throughout the field year. While the
surface concentrations showed a seasonal variation, the bottom
concentration variation seemed to show no such definite pattern.
Instead, it appeared to be a statistical variation about a
uniform mean level.
Table 4.9c provides a listing of the component layers and
total mass of total nitrogen in the lake.
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
Tables 4.1a-4.Ik provide the means, standard deviations,
maximum and minimum total organic carbon concentrations for each
of the materials balance cruises. The histograms for each cruise
appear in Fig. 4.12a and have distributions which are fairly
broad and show seasonal variation in the mean value.
Computer surface maps of total organic carbon are shown in
Fig. 4.12b. Sufficient surface data existed for the construction
of maps only for cruises 2(May 15-19, 1972), 3(Jun 12-16, 1972),
4(Jul 10-14, 1972) 5(Aug 2l-2b, 1972), 6(()ct 30-Nov 2, 1972),
8(Feb 5-9, 1973), 9(Mar 18-23, 1973) and llUun 11-15, 1973). In
May the TOG concentrations were moderately low except for a few
isolated patches at somewhat higher concentrations. The general
concentration level of the lake had risen by June and continued
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to do so in July especially in the eastern and southern parts of
the lake. There was a reduction in the overall concentration
level of the lake in August. The concentrations were moderately
low through the winter and into the following spring. A build up
was apparent again at the time of the June cruise as the seasonal
cycle began to repeat.
The variation of total organic carbon with depth is related
in Table 4.10a. An examination of the table shows that the total
organic carbon concentrations decreased with increasing depth
except in the late fall-winter period when the situation was
reversed. The field year depth variation of total organic carbon
is further illustrated in Fig. 4. 12c.
Fig. 4.l2d shows the north-south distribution of total
organic carbon mean concentrations in the lake. Central
concentrations average lower than either the northern or southern
segments. The latter two showed the same mean values. Offshore
areas dominatedthe concentration picture in the late
wintei—spring period while the late summer-fall and early winter
found the central concentrations to be highest. See also Fig.
4.12e. From Table 4.lOb, the east-west variation determinations
indicated a generally higher eastern lake TOC concentration than
that in the western end of the lake. The centbal lake mean
concentration was higher than either the eastern or the western.
Figs. 4.l2f and 4.12g illustrate the mean surface and lake
bottom concentration variations of total organic carbon. Both
are characterized by summer peaks and mid winter lows at the same
times of year and with nearly the same magnitudes.
4-2
-------
The field year variation of TOC in the upper 20 meter
"eutrophic zone" is shown in Table 4.25. This mass content also
peaked in the summer. The component layers and total mass
content of total organic carbon for the lake are listed in Table
4.10c. A summary of the total mass content for each cruise is
supplied in Table 4.26.
SILICA
Provided in Tables 4.1a-4.1k are the means, standard
deviations, maximum and minimum silica concentrations for each of
the cruises. The histograms for each cruise appear in Fig.
4.l3a. A fairly broad distribution of values is characteristic
of the entire field year.
Silica computer surface maps are shown in Fig. 4.l3b. There
was sufficient surface data to produce maps for all I I cruises
from May 1, 1972 through June 15, 1973. In May the general
concentration levels of the lake were moderately low and
decreased still further in June. A build up of silica in the
eastern half of the lake and off Toronto was apparent in July.
The increase continued in August and moderate levels were
observed throughout the lake even into February. By the end of
April both the east and west ends of the lake were depleted to
low levels. In June the sizes of these low concentration regions
had grown.
The variation of silica with depth is included as Table
4.1 la. From the table it is apparent that the silica
concentrations near the surface were greater than those near the
bottom, however, the maximum values were achieved at intermediate
4-22
-------
levels. This situation prevailed throughout the field year
except the early May and early November cruises. See also Fig.
4.l3c.
From an examination of Fig. 4.13d, there were no distinct
north-south variations. On the average, the north and south
segments of the lake have similar means, although the central
lake mean silica concentration was higher. The offshore-middle
lake variation is illustrated specifically in Fig. 4. 13e. It
shows that the middle lake values usually exceeded the offshore
values except in the fall when the situation was reversed. In
the east-west variations, see Table 4.1,4.b, it appears that the
eastern concentrations were on the average somewhat smaller than
either the western or central values. The latter two quantities
had nearly equal mean values.
Figs. 4.13f and 4.l3g provide a comparison of the mean lake
surface and bottom concentrations as obtained in this study
(1972-1973) with those observed in the Shiomi and Chawla (1970)
study (1969-1970). Both figures show the IFYGL concentrations to
have exceeded the Shiomi and Chawla values. The IFYGL surface
data appears to have peaked in the fall whereas the Shiomi and
Chawla data peak occurred in mid winter. The structure of the
bottom data from the two studies is quite similar with definite
seasonal variations less distinguishable.
Table 4.25 shows the field year variation of silica in the
upper 20 meter Jleutrophic zone". The silica mass content of this
layer of the lake peaked in the spring. Component layers and the
total mass content of silica in the lake are listed in Table
4-23
-------
4.He. A summary of the total mass content for each cruise is
provided in Table 4.26.
4.3 Major Ions
SODIUM
Tables 4.1a-4.1k contain the means, standard deviations,
maximum and minimum sodium concentrations for each of the
materials balance cruises. The distributions of the sodium
concentration measurements, shown in the cruise histograms. Fig.
4.l4a, are quite narrow with a mean that varied only slightly
throughout the field year.
Computer maps of sodium surface concentration are provided
in Fig. 4.l4b. Sufficient surface data were available for the
calculation of the maps for all cruises except the first. The
results show that the surface concentrations ran almost uniformly
in th.e 13 to 14 mg/1 range without regard for season.
Examination of Table 4.12a, indicates that the sodium
concentrations were rather uniform with depth. See also Fig.
4.14c. In the analysis of the horizontal variations of the
sodium concentration no patterns of either north-south or
offshore-middle lake variation were apparent, see Figs. 4.l4d and
4.14e. Even the east-west variation. Table 4.l2b, showed little
variation in the sodium concentration.
Figs. 4.l4f and 4.l4g show the near constancy of both the
mean surface and mean bottom sodium concentrations which are also
about equal in magnitude.
Table 4.2b provides a listing of the sodium content of the
4-24
-------
upper 20 meter "eutrophic zone" during the field year. As would
be expected, it remained rather uniform. The component layer
masses and the total mass content of sodium in the lake are shown
in Table 4.12c. A summary of the total mass content for each
cruise is provided in Table 4.26.
HOfASSIUM
Means, standard deviations, maximum and minimum potassium
concentrations for each of the cruises are listed in Tables 4.la-
4.1k. Rather narrow distributions and nearly uniform means were
characteristic of the histograms for potassium; see Fig. 4.15a.
Potassium surface concentration computer maps are provided
in Fig. 4.1bb for all cruises except the first and so span the
period from May 15, 1972 to June 15, 1973. Spring and early
summer 1972 showed fairly uniform moderate concentrations which
steadily increased into the winter. By February 1973 and on
through June the concentrations had returned to the moderate
levels of the previous spring.
Analysis of Table 4.l3a, shows that the potassium
concentrations were quite uniform with depth in the upper 100
meters of the lake. At greater depths the concentrations were
usually somewhat lower. See also Fig. 4. 15c. Just as in the
case of sodium no significant horizontal variations in potassium
were observed in either the north-south means. Fig. 4.lDd, or the
offshore-middle lake variation. Fig. 4.15e. Even the east-west
variations. Table 4.13b, indicated little variability in the mean
potassium concentrations.
Provided in Table 4.25 is a listing of the potassium content
4-25
-------
of the upoer 20 m.eter "eutrophic zone11 during the field year.
These values were quite uniform with a maximum variation of 20£.
The component layers and the total mass content of potassium in
the lake are shown in Table 4.l3c. A summary of the total mass
content for each cruise is provided in Table 4.26.
CALCIUM
For each of the cruises the means, standard deviations,
maximum and minimum calcium concentrations are listed in Tables
4.1a-4.Ik. The calcium histograms show a rather narrow
distribution of values and a nearly uniform mean; see Fig. 4.16a.
Calcium surface concentration maps are provided for all
cruises except l(May l-o, 1972) and lOCApr 24-30, 1973) and
appear in Fig. 4.16b. The surface concentrations typically ranged
Detween 36 and 40 mg/1 but higher values were noted during Ma/
and June 1972.
A uniformity of the calcium concentrations with depth can be
noted from Table 4.l4a. At depths greater than 100 meters there
*as some drop in the concentrations. See also Fig. 4.16c for a
graohic presentation of the calcium variation with depth. The
horizontal variations as orovided in the north-south means. Fig.
4.16d, the offsnore-middle lake means, Fig. 4.16e and the east-
west means in Table 4.!4b, show a near uniform calcium
concentration, rigs. 4.16f and 4.l6g indicate also uniform mean
la
-------
4.2b. Component layer masses and the total mass content of
calcium in the lake are listed in Table 4.14c. A summary of the
total mass content for each cruise is included in Table 4.26.
MAGNESIUM
Means, standard deviations, maximum and minimum magnesium
concentrations for each of the cruises are listed in Tables
4.la-4.11c. rtith the exception of cruise 2(May 15-19, 1972) the
distributions of values are quite narrow and the means fairly
constant as shown in the histograms. Fig. 4.l7a.
The computer magnesium surface concentration maps, included
as Fig. 4.17b, are for all cruises except I(May 1-5, 1972) and
10(Apr 24-30, 1973). Surface concentrations typically ranged
from 7 to 10 mg/1 .with only summer concentrations running at the
upper end of the interval.
Table 4.15a shows a reasonable uniformity of the magnesium
concentration with depth in the upper 100 meters of the lake. At
greater depths the concentrations are generally lower. See also
fig. 4.17c for a graphic presentation of the depth variation over
the field year.
The north-south variations of magnesium concentrations are
shown in Fig. 4.l7d. Through most of the year the concentration
of southern segment of the lake slightly exceeded those of the
northern and central portions. A similar result, indicating
slightly greater offshore than middle lake mean concentrations,
appears in Fig. 4.17e. Table 4.15b shows no strong east to west
variations.
The lake mean surface and bottom variations of magnesium are
4-27
-------
presented in Fig. 4.17f and 4.l7g. Both figures show a prominent
dip in the summer-fall 1972 mean concentrations and an otherwise
uniform level.
Table 4.25 provides a listing of the magnesium content of
the upper 20 meter "eutrophic zone" which shows the same
structure as the surface concentrations. Component layer masses
and the total mass content of magnesium in the lake are shown in
Table 4.l5c. A summary of the total mass content for each cruise
is provided in Table 4.26.
SULFATE
Tables 4.la-4.Ik provide the means, standard deviations,
maximum and minimum sulfate concentrations for the materials
balance cruises. The distributions of the sulfate measurements
for each of the cruises is shown in the histograms. Fig. 4.l8a.
These histograms indicate a rather narrow distribution of values
and a nearly uniform mean for all of the cruises.
Computer maps of sulfate surface concentrations are orovided
in Fig. 4.186 for cruises 6(0ct 3O-Nov 2, 1972), 7(Nov 27-Dec 2,
19/2), 8(Feb 5-9, 1973), 9(Mar 18-23, 1973), 10(Aor 24-30, 1973)
and 11 (Jun 11-15, 1973). The sulfate surface concentration
distributions were fairly uniform in the range 25 to 30 rnq/l
except during cruise 7 when the lower limit of the range reached
20 mg/1.
Examination of Table 4.16a shows that the sulfate
concentrations were rather uniform with depth. See also Fig.
4.1Sc . In the analysis of the horizontal variations of sulfate
concentrations no strong patterns of either north-south or
4-28
-------
offshore-middle lake variations were noted in Figs. 4.18d and
4.18e, respectively. Even the east-west variation Table 4.165,
showed very little sulfate variation. The near constancy and
equality of both the mean surface and mean bottom sulfate
concentrations are illustrated in Figs. 4.I8f and 4.18g.
Table 4.25 provides a listing of the sulfate content of the
upper 20 meter "eutrophic zone". As would be expected, it
remained rather uniform. The component layer masses and the
total mass content of sulfate in the lake are listed in Table
4.l6c. A summary of the total mass content for each cruise is
provided in Table 4.26.
FLUORIDE
For the fluoride measurements made on each of the materials
balance cruises, means standard deviations, maximum and minimum
concentration values are listed in Table 4.la-4.lk. The
distributions of the fluoride measurements, shown in the cruise
histograms. Fig. 4.19a, are quite broad with considerable
variation in the mean values.
Computer maps of fluoride surface concentrations are
provided for all cruises except 2(May 15-19, 1972) and 8(Feb
5-9,1973) and appear in Fig. 4.19b. Throughout most of the field
year fluoride concentrations lay in the range .06-.18 mg/1 with a
predominancy in the .06-.12 mg/1 subrange.
From Table 4.17a, the variation of fluoride with depth does
not appear to be significant. See also Fig. 4.19c for the field
year variation with depth of the mean fluoride concentrations.
As indicated in Figs. 4.19d and 4. 19e, the north-south and
4-29
-------
offshore-middle lake variations seemed to be essentially absent
for fluoride. However, Table 4.17b does show a monotonic decline
in fluoride concentrations from west to east in the lake. Fig.
4.l9f and 4.19g provide lake mean surface and bottom
concentrations. Both figures show similar values and a slow
variation over the field year period.
Provided in Table 4.25 is the listing of the fluoride
content of the upper 20 meter "eutrophic zone" which indicated a
maximum in the spring-summer period. The component layer masses
and the total mass content of fluoride in the lake are shown in
Table 4.17c. A summary of the total mass content for each cruise
is provided in Table 4.26.
4.4 Heavy Metals
MANGANESE
Provided in Tables 4.1a-4.1k are the individual cruise
means, standard deviations, maximum and minimum manganese
concentrations. Manganese histograms show a fairly broad
distribution of values and varying mean values; see Fig. 4.20a.
ComDuter manganese surface concentrations are shown in Fig.
4.20b. Sufficient surface data exists to produce maps only for
cruises 3(Jun 12-16, 1972), 5(Aug 21-25, 1972), 7 (Nov 27-Dec 2,
1972), 9(Mar 18-23, 1973), 10(Apr 24-30, 1973) and IHJun 11-iD,
1973). The June 1972 cruise showed a general low concentration
level. By August the mean concentration was somewhat increased
with heavy concentrations in the eastern end of the lake. The
western half of the lake showed moderately low concentrations
4-30
-------
while in the eastern half the concentrations had increased at tne
time of the December cruise. During March and April 1973 the
general level of concentrations rose steadily over those that had
been observed during the winter. By June, the manganese had
again dropped. Chau et al. (1970) found similar surface
variations in their manganese surface data. However, their
measurements were uniformly lower than those of the present
study. Table 4.l8a shows little variation in the manganese
concentration with depth. Chau et al; (1970) found a similar
result.
Because of so little data, the horizontal variations in
manganese concentrations in the lake are difficult to access. No
definite north-south or offshore-middle lake variations were
determined. From Table 4.18b, this also seemed to be the case
with regard to east-west variations.
Based on Table 4.25 which shows the variation of manganese
in the upper 20 meter "eutrophic zone", it appears that the
manganese content varied by a factor of two during the field
year. The comoonent layers and the total mass content of
manganese in the lake are listed in Table 4.18c. A summary of
the total mass content for each cruise is provided in Table 4.26.
IRON
Tables 4.1a-4.Ik contain the individual cruise means,
standard deviations, maximum and minimum iron concentrations.
The histograms for each cruise show consistently wide
distrioutions of iron concentrations with mean values ranging
from .04-.06 mg/1; see Fig. 4.21a.
4-31
-------
Iron surface concentration maps are provided in Fi}. 4.21b.
They are generally characterized by concentration levels in the
range .03-.06 mg/1 with isolated shore patches in the .06-.09
mg/1 range. This situation is quite similar to that found by
Ohau et al. (1970) in their summer study of Lake Ontario.
The variation of the mean iron concentrations with depth
seemed to be quite small; see Fable 4.19a. Chau et al. (1970)
found a definite increase with depth. Basic horizontal
variations are difficult to determine because of the relatively
small data base. However, it appears that no strong north-south,
offshore-middle, or east-west (Table 4.l9b) variations can be
ascertained.
Examination of Table 4.2:5 shows no particular seasonal
variation in the iron content of the upper 20 meter "eutrophic
zone" in the lake. The component layers and the total mass con-
tent of iron in the lake are listed in Table 4.19c. A summary of
the total iron content for each cruise is included in Table 4.26.
NICKEL
The means, standara deviations, maximum and minimum nickel
concentrations on each of the materials cruises are provided in
Tables 4.1a-4.1k. Fig. 4.22a includes the nickel histograms for
each of the cruises. These histograms show a fairl/ narro-v
distribution of concentration measurements with mean values in
the range of .009-.014 mg/1.
Nickel surface concentration maps for cruises 7(;>iov 27-Oec
2, IV72), ^(Mar 13-23, 1973), U(Apr 24-30, 1973) and 1 1 ( Jim
11-lD, 1973) are presented in Fig. 4.22b. Concentrations
4-32
-------
typically ranged from .008-.020 mg/1 but during August reached
.020-.030 mg/1. These levels are significantly higher than
.001-.003 mg/1 average nickel concentrations reported by Chau et
al. (1970).
•firamination of Table 4.20a indicates a general decrease in
the nickel concentration with depth. This decrease was not noted
by Chawla et al. (1970) who found no distinct variation with
d.epth. Both studies found no strong horizontal variations in the
nickel concentration (east-west variations in Table 4.20b).
On the basis of Table 4.25, there seemed to be a fairly
broad variation in the mass content of the upper 20 meter
"eutrophic zone'1 with a maximum during the spring time. The
component layers and the total nickel mass content of the lake
are listed in Table 4.20c. A summary of the total mass content
for each cruise is provided in Table 4.26.
ZINC
The means, standard deviations, maximum and minimum zinc
concentrations for each of the cruises is presented in Tables
4.la-4.Ik. Zinc histograms for these cruises show rather broad
distributions of measurements with means ranging between
.005-.020 mg/1; see Fig. 4.23a.
Surface concentration maps of zinc are included in Fig.
4.23b. These figures show considerable variation in the zinc
content near the lake surface. Typically the background
concentrations ran in the .007-.014 mg/1 range with isolated
patches reaching as high as .035 mg/1. Although, it is not
entirely clear due to the extent of the data base, it appears
4-33
-------
that the summer concentrations may have fcueen the highest. Zinc
surface concentrations measured in this study compare very
closely with those measured by Chau et al. C1970) who found a
complex structure with values generally in range .005-.030 mg/1.
The mean zinc concentrations at successive depths, which are
listed in Table 4.2la, indicated no significant variation of
these concentrations with depth. Chawla et al.(1970) reported
the same result. Likewise, no strong horizontal variations of
the zinc concentration were noted; see Table 4.2lb.
Table 4.25 also indicates relatively high summer zinc
content of the upper 20 meter "eutrophic zone". The comoonent
layers and the total mass content of zinc in the lake are listed
in Table 4.2lc. A summary of the total zinc content for each
cruise is provided in Table 4.26.
CADMIUM
Cadmium concentrations were obtained only during cruise
3(Jun 12-16, 1972). The cruise mean, standard deviation, maximum
and minimum cadmium concentrations are provided in Table 4.lc.
Insufficient surface concentration measurements made it
impossible to obtain a surface concentration map for cadmium.
The mean cadmium concentrations showed no variation with depth on
the cruise. Chawla et al. (1970) reported the same result. There
was not enough data for the determination of any horizontal
variations in the cadmium concentrations.
Table 4.25 contains the cadmium content in the upper 20
meter "eutrophic zone" as obtained on cruise 3. The total
cadmium content for this cruise of the lake is shown in Table
4-34
-------
4.26.
4,b Field Measurements
pH
For each of the materials balance cruises, the means,
standard deviation, maximum and minimum pH measurements are
listed in Tables 4. la-4.lk. Fig. 4.24a provides the histograms
for the pH values determined on each of the cruises. The May
histograms are quite narrow while in June the distribution of
values had increased. With the approach of fall and winter there
was a larger number of low pH values.
The computer surface maps of pH values are shown in Fig.
4.24b. Sufficient surface data permitted the construction of
maps only for cruises 3(Jun 12-16, 1972), 4(Jul 10-14, 1972),
5
-------
By June the levels were quite high particularly in the eastern
end of the lake.
The variation of pH values with depth is included as Table
4.22a. Usually the pH values declined with depth during the
field year with means of* 8.5 for 0-10 meters, 8.3 for 20-30
meters and 8.24 for 100-150 meters. The field year depth
variation of pH is further illustrated in Fig. 4.24c.
Fig. 4.24d shows tne north-south distribution of pH values
in the lake. The northern section of the lake exhibited the
highest pH measurements with the southern and central portions at
slightly lower values. In the case of each of the 3 lake
sections, the spring-summer pH values were generally higher with
fall levels reaching a minimum. The offshore-middle lake
variations are further demonstrated in Fig. 4.24e where offshore
pHs were greater than middle values from May through November
1972 and approximately equal from November to December 1972.
East-west variations shown in Table 4.22b shows a fairly
consistent lower central measurements but the eastern and western
concentration are about the same.
The mean lake surface and bottom variations of pH during the
field year are presented in Fig. 4.2'4f and 4.24g, resoectively.
Surface values showed a seasonal cycle of high summer
measurements and winter lows while the bottom values appear to be
180 degrees out of ohase.
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
Tables 4.1a-4.Ik provide the means, standard deviations,
maximum and minimum concentration measurements of dissolved
4-36
-------
oxygen for each of the cruises. A dissolved oxygen histogram is
also included for each of the cruises in Fig. 4.25a. A broad
range of values was evident from May through August 1972. By
November the distribution had narrowed considerably and remained
so into February.
Computer surface dissolved oxygen concentration maps are
included for curises 3(Jun 12-16, 1972), 4(Jul 10-14, 1972),
5(Aug 21-25, 1972), 6(()ct 30-Nov 2, 1972), 7(Nov 17-Dec 2, 1972),
8(Feb 5-9, 1973), and 11(Jun 11-15, 1973) in Fig. 4.25b. June
1972 showed the highest overall level of concentrations. Highest
dissolved oxygen concentrations were noted in the western end of
the lake and adjacent to the north central shore. In July the
concentration level was reduced but quite varied over the lake
surface. A further drop occurred in August, however, the level
of variation were quite small. During November and December the
dissolved oxygen began to increase again to a moderate uniform
level. Except for the development of high concentrations at
isolated shore ooints, the February 1973 dissolved oxygen was
still moderate. By June the high concentrations had been
depleted.
Table 4.23a provides the data concerning the variation of
dissolved oxygen with depth. During May a build up to a
uniformly high level of dissolved oxygen throughout the lake had
occurred. These were the highest levels which were observed in
the study. In June there was a depletion of the DO, particularly
in the upper layers. The July and August cruises found
increasing depletion at all levels. By November and in December
4-37
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and on into February higher concentrations developed first at
greater depths and later near the surface. A uniformly high
level had been reach throughout the lake by March. From April
into June DO depletion was again observed. The field year depth
variation of dissolved oxygen is illustrated in Fig. 4.25c.
North-south variations in DO shown in Fig. 4,25d indicate *
that the northern and central means were nearly identical through
the period of study while the southern mean was lower than the
other two in the spring-early summer 1972 period and higher in
the winter. The offshore-middle lake variation is presented in
Fig. 4.25e. With the exception of February 1973, the
measurements showed the offshore dissolved oxygen concentration
to be consistently lower than the middle lake. From Table 4.23b,
the east-west variations of dissolved oxygen concentration showed
the central concentrations to be tyoically slightly higher than
the western and eastern lake segment concentration. Eastern
concentrations were usually somewhat higher than the western
values.
Figs. 4.25f and 4.25g illustrate the mean surface and lake
bottom variations of dissolved oxygen during the field year. The
surface values were high in spring, dropped to a minimum in late
summer which was followed by a winter recovery. The bottom
concentrations aopeared to have the same structure.
roi'AL ALKALINITY
Means, standard deviations, maximum and minimum measurements
of total alkalinity are included in Tables 4.1a-4.lk. Histograms
for each of the cruises are provided in Fig. 4.26a. Except for
4-38
-------
the first cruise, the distributions of values are fairly narrow.
However, as the year advanced from spring to winter,
progressively higher value of total alkalinity were reported.
Fig. 4.26b shows the computer total alkalinity measurement
maps wnich could be constructed. There was sufficient surface
data only in the cases of cruises 3(Jun 12-16, 1972), 4(Jul
IO-.14, .1972), b(Aug 21-2D, 1972), 6(()ct 30-Nov 2, 1972), and
7(Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972). During June the surface total alkalinity
values were generally moderate with some isolated near shore
patches at lower values. In July measurements were low and
fairly uniform over the lake surface. In August the general
level of the total alkalinity rose to a moderate level with north
to south bands of lower concentrations across the middle lake and
the eastern end. Moderate levels prevailed into November with
the development of higher concentrations around the mouth of the
Niagara River. In December more extensive bands of higher total
alkalinity concentrations were in evidence.
The variation of total alkalinity with depth is documented
in Table 4.24a. In mid May the measurements are uniform with
depth. By June the upper 10 meter values were reduced somewhat
while at greater depths the concentrations remained constant at
the level of the previous month. The total alkalinity was
reduced at all depths in July, however, there was a positive
gradient with increasing depth. August values were all increased
considerably over the previous month but still showed the same
increase with depth. At the beginning of November the
concentration had not changed very much, but by December the
4-39
-------
values were uniform with depth and the highest measured during
the field year. see Fja.4.26c.
-jg.
The north-south variations in total alkalinity which appear
in Fig. 4.26d indicate that the southern mean remained lower than
the northern or central values in the spring and summer but
higher in the fall-winter period. The northern and central
segments of the lake showed comparable total alkalinity levels
through July. After this time the central levels were high and
remained rather uniform from fall into winter. Presented in Fig.
4.26e is the offshore-middle lake total alkalinity variation.
Throughout the field year the middle lake values ran somewhat
higher than the offshore values. The east-west variations, see
Table 4.24b, indicate the lowest level of total alkalinity was
measured in the eastern end of the lake and the highest in the
central lake. The western end was almost as high as the central
lake.
Figs. 4.26f and 4.26g illustrate the mean surface and bottom
variations of total alkalinity. The surface values showed a
seasonal decline of the total alkalinity in the late summer-fall
period while the bottom values are reasonably uniform with time.
4-40
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fat^e 4. la Statistics - Cruise 1 - May 1-5, 1972
Parameter
Units
Number
Mean
Stand.
Dev. Maximum
Minimum
Dis. Oxygen
pH
MH3
N02-N03
Total Phos.
fFP
OOP
T. Org. Carbon
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Fluoride
Silica
mg/1
SU
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
21
136
198
197
208
177
185
55
38
38
38
38
188
190
12.8
8.28
.005
.411
.0.11
.010
.001
2.42
37.4
7.54
12.9
1.50
.050
.702
3.33
.174
.001
.363
.004
.005
.001
.494
.985
. 155
.284
.139
.040
.671
14.8
8.66
.015
3.10
.042
.033
.005
4.00
39.2
8. 16
13.5
2.01
.120
6.30
1 .52
7.60
.004
.070
.006
.002
.000
1 .40
33.4
7.30
12.4
1.21
.009
.005
-------
Table 4.lb Statistics - Cruise 2 - May 15-19. 1972
Parameter
Dis. Oxygen
pH
Total Alka.
NH3
TKN
N02-N03
Total Phos.
I>~P
OOP
f. Org. Carbon
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Fluoride
Silica
Units
mg/1
SU
mg/1
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
Number
98
174
179
193
2b7
190
ISO
23^
95
268
186
187
186
186
150
192
Mean
13.3
8.43
95.4
.005
. 170
.360
.013
.008
.003
2.89
41.1
7.87
12.9
1.42
.052
.468
Stand.
Dev.
2.15
.25b
8.84
.*OI
.060
.406
.014
.004
.006
.850
3.84
.957
.957
.132
.006
.297
Maximum
14.8
9.10
116.
.009
.520
3.00
.100
.029
,U50
6.40
48.0
10.1
16.8
2.30
.075
1 .70
Minimum
1 .34
7.90
10.0
.005
.035
.020
.001
.001
.002
1 .60
29.0
4.80
11.5
1 . 18
.015
.010
4-42
-------
Table 4.lc Statistics - Cruise 3 - June 12-16* 1972
Parameter
Dis. Oxygen
pH
Total Alka.
NH3
TKN
N02-N03
Total Phos.
TFP
OOP
T. Org. Carbon
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Fluoride
Silica
Cadmium
Chromium
Iron
Manganese
Nickel
Zinc
Units
mg/1
Su
mg/1
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 M
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
Number
46D(
460
460
443
453
442
391
421
44^
174
92
93
93
93
443
441
64
64
D3
53
64
64
Mean
12.5
8.55
95.3
.013
.176
.289
.015
.007
.001
3.56
39.4
7.91
13.0
1.43
.111
.434
7.07
10.6
63.2
2.62
32.8
22.8
Stand.
Dev.
1.93
.497
9.41
.010
.050
.394
.009
.005
.001
1.33
2.73
.738
.614
.081
.046
2.63
7.38
8.07
31.0
2.04
19.1
27.4
Maximum
lb.0
1 IgfF
115.
.100
.395
3.00
.063
.050
.008
8.80
46.7
8.70
15.4
1 .80
.270
47.0
50.0
41 .5
170.
13.0
61. D
222.
Minimum
1.51
.006
.005
.016
.020
.002
.002
.001
1 .30
32.5
5.03
1 l.b
1.27
.101
.030
4.00
1 .00
1 1 .0
1 .00
4.00
b.OO
4-43
-------
Fable 4.Id Statistics - Cruise 4 - July 10-14, 1972
Parameter
Dis. Oxygen
pH
Total Alka.
NH3
TKN
N02-N03
Total Phos.
IFF
OOP
T. Org. Carbon
Calcium
Magnesi urn
Sodium
Potassium
Fluoride
3il ica
Units
mg/1
SU
mg/1
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
Number
461
451
616
331
352
331
356
438
93
30
11
. 1 1
1 1
1 1
329
329
Mean
10.9
8.35
85.0
.025
.230
.236
.01 7
.01 1
.002
4.43
38.1
7.98
1 3.9
1.47
.116
.669
Stand.
Dev.
2.05
.349
10. 1
.036
.121
.251
.012
.013
.001
2.13
3.37
.731
1.29
.163
.057
.512
Maximum
15.0
9.20
101 .
.630
.770
3.78
.095
.240
.009
12.6
47.8
8.61
17.5
2.1
.359
3.01
Minimum
1.52
7.50
17.0
.004
.020
,01s
.004
.003
.001
2.20
31 .0
3.32
4. 14
1.19
.040
.037
4-44
-------
Table 4. I e Statistics - Cruise 5 - August 2l-2b, 1972
Parameter
Units
Number Mean
Stand.
Dev. Maximum
Dis. Oxygen
pH
Total Alka.
NH3
TKN
N02-N03
Total Phos.
TFP
OOP
T. Org. Carbon
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Fluoride
Silica
Iron
Manganese
Mickel
Zinc
mg/1
SU
mg/1
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
439
46D
466
392
372
418
429
310
287
155
128
127
127
127
434
355
78
78
77
77
9.73
8.21
96.5
.023
. 190
.178
.018
.007
.003
3.61
37.9
5.62
12.8
1.63
.088
.670
37. 2
3. 11
21.3
13.1
1.13
.456
9.16
.020
.145
.271
.010
.005
.002
1.02
4.47
1 .48
.793
.107
.025
.553
35.7
1 .20
10.2
10.3
14.7
9.00
119.
.088
1 .46
1 .98
.120
.039
.018
1 1 .0
44.8
7.72
14.7
1 .96
.164
3.00
167.
8.00
38.0
58.0
6.20
2. 10
10.0
.001
.010
.003
.004
.001
.001
1 .80
.340
3.35
10.2
1 .43
.002
.001
3.50
1 .00
5.00
3.50
4-45
-------
fable 4. if Statistics - Cruise 6 - October 30-November 2, 1972
Parameter
Dis. Oxygen
pH
Total Alka.
NH3
TKN
N02-N03
Total Phos.
TFP
OOP
f. Org. Carbon
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Sulfate
Fluoride
Silica
Units
mg/1
SU
mg/1
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
Number
471
484
483
290
379
408
439
440
324
.102
130
129
129
129
42D
426
324
Mean
11.5
8.40
100.
.022
. 163
.213
.017
.010
.004
3.39
37.5
7.59
13.5
1.54
26.6
.095
.653
Stand.
Dev.
.767
.232
9.98
.017
.085
. 136
.013
.007
.003
1.43
1.98
.333
.504
.073
3.32
.034
.396
Maximum
13.4
10.0
124.
.082
.460
1.43
.170
.112
.018
7.80
41 .5
8.60
14.5
1 .92
38.0
.200
5.90
Minimum
1 .78
6.90
70.0
.001
.005
.003
.001
.002
.001
1.00
32.5
6.75
12.3
1.37
1 1 .0
.010
.100
4-46
-------
fable 4.lg Statistics - Cruise 7 - November 27-December 1, 1972
Parameter
Dis. Oxygen
pH
Totai Alka.
NH3
FKN
N02-N03
Tot am Phos.
TFP
OOP
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Sulfate
Fluoride
Silica
Iron
Manganese
Nickel
Zinc
Units
mg/1
SU
mg/1
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
ug/11
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
Number
275
422
422
226
278
399
210
385
288
104
104
104
104
383
395
186
88
91
91
91
Mean
12.4
8.14
101 .
.01 1
.103
.177
.025
.008
.004
38.4
7.70
13.1
1.87
24.0
.091
.445
40.6
3.67
9.43
13.2
Stand.
Dev.
.342
.320
10.5
.017
.045
.060
.006
.003
.003
.810
.151
.402
.120
3.61
.030
.318
22.8
1.38
2.22
6.43
Maximum
13.8
8.80
124.
.251
.230
.396
.04^
.022
.018
40.2
8.24
14,0
2.42
32.0
.180
I .40
134.
14.0
26.0
o7.0
Minimum
1 1 .6
3.00
12.0
.001
.010
.006
.003
.002
.001
35.6
7.19
11.8
1.69
13.0
.030
. 100
1 3.0
1 .00
5.00
4.00
4-47
-------
Table 4. lh Statistics - Cruise 8 - February 5-9, 1973
Parameter
Dis. Oxygen
NH3
TKN
N02-N03
Total Phos.
TFP
OOP
roc
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Sulfate
Silica
Iron
Manganese
Nickel
Zinc
Units Number
mg/1 162
mg/1 N 60
mg/1 N 80
mg/1 N 96
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
28
00
98
15
II
1 1
1 1
II
mg/1 97
mg/1 98
ug/1 31
ug/1 31
ug/1 31
ug/1 31
Mean
12.6
.012
.099
.267
.018
.017
.007
1.97
38.9
7.67
12.9
1.44
28.0
.709
49.0
2.48
1 3.8
5.00
Stand.
Dev.
1.47
.012
.021
.026
.005
.004
.002
1.19
1.03
. 181
.447
.081
1 .88
.169
40.6
3.40
.821
5.87
Maximum
16.6
.0^7
.140
.331
.041
.040
.014
7.70
42.6
8.89
16.7
1 .74
31 .0
1 .10
155.
20.0
16.0
22.0
Minimum
1 0.2
.001
.060
.172
.009
.011
.002
.400
36.1
7.33
11.7
1 .32
24.0
.400
12.0
1 .00
12.0
1.00
4-48
-------
Table 4.11 Statistics - Cruise 9 - March 18-23, 1973
Parameter
Dls . Oxygen
pH
NH3
TKN
N02-N03
Total Phos.
OOP
T. Org. Carbon
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Sulfate
Fluoride
Units
mg/1
SU
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
Number Mean
66
129
66
84
104
128
97
117
117
117
117
117
.104
106
12.
8.
2,
38,
7,
13,
1,
26,
8
45
009
113
281
020
005
74
I
49
I
36
9
129
Stand.
Dev.
.490
.189
.006
.040
.048
.011
.002
.976
1.23
.151
.290
.105
1.36
.018
Maximum
13.6
9. .10
.024
.220
.500
.102
.Oil
7.80
40.7
7.97
14.4
2.12
31 .0
.180
Minimum
11.2
8.10
.001
.050
.148
.007
.001
I .10
27.8
7.08
12.4
1.29
22.0
.080
4-49
-------
fable 4.Ij Statistics - Cruise 10 - April 24-30, 1973
Parameter
Units
Number Mean
Stand.
Dev. Maximum
Minimum
Dis. oxygen
pH
NH3
N02-N03
Total Phos.
TFP
DOP
roc
Sulfate
Fluoride
Silica
Iron
Manganese
Nickel
Zinc
mg/1
SU
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
51
237
243
244
247
244
231
92
241
246
218
91
91
92
89
1 1.6
8.28
.014
.249
.019
.018
.007
2.58
26.5
. 108
.520
55.3
5.42
9. 12
5.82
.800
.159
.009
.051
.009
.014
.005
.930
2.78
.023
.267
32.4
1.31
3.42
2.95
15.0
8.66
. 1 18
.506
.094
.216
.065
5. 30
32.0
.180
1 .20
163.
10.0
19.0
19.0
10.6
7.06
.001
.063
.008
.007
.001
1 .20
b.OO
.030
.076
7.00
3.00
1 .00
2.00
4-50
-------
Table 4.1k Statistics - Cruise 11 - June 11-15, 1973
Parameter
Dis. Oxygen
pH
NH3
TKN
N02-N03
Total Phos.
TFP
OOP
f. Org. Carbon
Calcium
Mangesium
Sodium
Potassium
Sulfate
Fluoride
Silica
Iron
Manganese
Nickel
Zinc
Units
mg/1
SU
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 N
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1 P
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
Number
324
323
203
248
286
341
278
197
129
130
130
130
130
283
285
282
127
128
128
128
Mean
11.8
8.5.9
.OJ4
.142
. 184
.019
.010
.004
3.98
38.0
7.39
13.2
1.49
25.6
.124
.405
41.2
2.46
9.62
16.3
Stand.
Dev.
.896
.296
.013
.053
.093
.013
.004 •
.003
1.11
2.34
.174
.472
.115
1.20
.023
.245
24.8
1 .18
1 .95
6.91
Maximum
14.0
9.56
.113
.350
.556
.147
.032
.019
7.10
50.4
8.14
15.0
2.30
31 .0
.230
1 .10
168.
10.0
17.0
47.0
Minimum
9.20
7.76
.001
.040
.028
.005
.004
.001
2. 10
33.0
6.97
1 1.9
1.29
23.0
.060
.100
1 1 .0
1 .00
D.OO
6.00
4-51
-------
Table 4.2a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Total Phosphate
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
0-10
layers
10-15
(meters)
15-20
20-30
30-40
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
.012
.015
.016
.023
.020
.018
.009
.018
.020
.020
.024
,012
.015
,016
,020
,015
,016
.026
.0)7
.020
.021
.021
.011
.017
.015
.020
.015
.019
.026
.017
.020
.022
.019
.011
.017
.013
.016
.015
.017
.025
.016
.018
.020
.018
.010
.019
.015
.015
.018
.017
.024
.016
.017
.019
.021
cruise
40- bO
layers
50-1.00
(meters)
1 00- 1 50
1 bO-bottom
1
2
3
4
6
/
8
9
10
1 I
.01 I
.021
.018
.016
.018
.017
.02b
.016
.017
.020
.022
,01 1
,021
,018
,018
,018
,021
,025
,016
,017
,02.1
.022
.008
.01 I
.012
.015
.017
.018
.024
.013
.014
.024
.018
.007
.005
.009
.01 I
.009
.009
.020
Cruises* I-May 1-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-.14, .1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, 1972; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
Il-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-52
-------
Table 4.2b Variations of Mean Measurements from
West to East for Total Phosphate
(milligrams per liter)
rtest
Cruise 1-.12
Station Numbers
14-35 36-59
60-78
East
79-105
1 .014 .010 .010 .010 .Oil
2 .020 .021 .016 .013 .018
3 .013 .016 .016 .017 .015
4 .015 .015 .018 .020 .019
5 .017 .016 .022 .015 .019
6 .021 .021 .015 . .016 .016
7 .022 .027 .023 .022 .025
8 .027 .023 .022 .020
9 .022 .022 .018 .017 .019
10 .0.17 .017 .020 .022 .019
II .020 .022 .021 .021 .017
4-53
-------
Table 4.2c
Mass Determination - Layers and Total
for Total Phosphate
(metric tons)
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 I
0-JO
2..1067E3
2.52I7E3
2.8133E3
3.8418E3
3. 3593E3
3.07.14E3
I.5259E4
3.063IE3
3. 3600 E3
3.4385E3
4. I475E3
40-50
1 . 30D.I E3
2.54I4E3
2. I821E3
1.9927E3
2.2828E3
2. I57IE3
3.0768E3
1 . 9488E3
2.I281E3
2. 4098E3
2.6752E3
layers
10-1 5
9.4804E2
1 .2633E3
. 27 1 1 E3
.5917E3
.2336E3
. .324IE3
2.0976E3
.3889E3
.6127E3
.6980E3
.6954E3
layers
50-100
D.1581E3
9.8895E3
8.685IE3
8.3431E3
8.6076E3
1 . 00 1 1 E4
t .2050E4
7.6I38E3
8. I518E3
I.OIb7E4
I.Ob76E4
(meters)
15-20
8.348IE2
.3494E3
.I430E3
.5690E3
.1526E3
.4397E3
2.0I62E3
.3068E3
.5269E3
.6952E3
.46J8E3
(meters)
100-150
2.5891E3
3.4907E3
3.9072E3
4.8560E3
5.3J98E3
5.560IE3
7.53IOE3
4.0346E3
4.3342E3
7.5892E3
1 .9763E3
20-30
1.5506E3
2.5403E3
1.93I2E3
2.40I9E3
2. I566E3
2.5034E3
3.6950E3
2.3232E3
1.5880E3
2.9582E3
2.57I8E3
150-bottom
9. 4304E3
5.2424E3
1.I280E3
1 .3660E3
I.2728E3
9. 7482E3
3.2812E2
2.3855E3
2.9600E3
30-40
1.4197E3
2.6202E3
2.0676E3
2.0959E3
2.4231E3
2.2779E3
3.2959E3
2. 1 I84E3
2.3206E3
2.587IE3
2.7903E3
Total
1 .686IE4
2.6953E4
2.5138E4
2.8087E4
2.782JE4
2.9444E4
3.7864E4
2.2385E4
2.6424E4
3.4942E4
2.7923E4
4-54
-------
Table 4.3a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Total Filterable Phosphate
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
0-10
layers
IO-I5
(meters)
15-20
20-30
30-40
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
.010
.0.10
.008
.010
.006
.0.10
.008
.018
.013
.019
.010
.Oil
.008
.007
.010
.006
.009
.008
.017
.015
.018
.010
.012
.008
.008
.011
.006
.009
.008
.017
.015
.019
.009
.013
.009
.008
.009
.007
.010
.008
.016
.019
.019
.011
.011
.010
.009
.on
.008
.009
.008
.016
.014
.020
.013
Cruise
40-50
layers (meters)
50-100 100-150
150-bottom
1
2
3
4
D
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
.012
.Oil
.011
.012
.010
.010
.008
.016
.012
.020
.0.14
.013
.011
.Oil
.014
.011
.01 1
.010
.017
.013
.021
.014
.010
.006
.008
.011
.008
.013
.007
.015
.018
.019
.015
.013
.006
.010
.009
.008
.008
.005
___
.007
Cruises* 1-May 1-b, 1972;
1972; 4-Jul 10-14f
1972; 7-Nov
12-16,
6-Oct 30-Nov 2,
9-Mar 18-23, 1973;
1973.
5-9, 1973;
Il-Jun 11-15,
2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
972; 5-Aug 21-25, 19/2;
27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
4-55
-------
Table 4.3b Variations of Mean Measurements from
West to East for Total Filterable Phosphate
(milligrams per liter)
Station Numbers
rtest East
Cruise 1-12 14-35 36-59 60-78 79-105
I .011 .011 .011 .01.1 .006
2 .009 .008 .009 .008
3 .007 .008 .008 .007 .007
4 .014 .009 .011 .011 .009
5 .007 .008 .006 .007 .008
6 .014 .010 .008 .011 .009
7 .008 .008 .008 .008 .008
8 .020 .017 .016 .018 .016
10 .017 .017 .020 .022 .019
11 .012 .011 .010 .011 .008
4-56
-------
Table 4.3c Mass Determination - Layers and Total
for Total Filterable Phosphate
(metric tons)
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
0-10
.7313E3
. 7263E3
,35blE3
.7575E3
. 1094E3
. 74b6E3
.4141E3
2. 9970E3
2.2852E3
3.2448E3
1.6867E3
40-50
.4774E3
. 34 1 1 E3
.3233E3
.5219E3
. 1790E3
. 2 1 7 1 E3
9.431 1E2
2.02bbE3
1.3335E3
2.4809E3
1. 7079E3
8
6
5
7
4
7
6
1
1
1
8
6
5
5
6
5
5
4
8
6
9
6
layers
10-15
. 9662 E2
.5887E2
. 9893E2
. 7696E2
.8900E2
,4lblE2
,77b9E2
. 3514E3
. 1737E3
.4716E3
.OI30E2
layers
50-100
. 3346E3
. 1421E3
. J688E3
.4305E3
.1026E3
.3904E3
.5114E3
.2074E3
.3939E3
.8468E3
. 8149E3
(meters)
15-20
9.2788E2
6.2909E2
5.8888E2
8.7261E2
4 .9997E2
6.7897E2
6.261 1E2
I.2917E3 :
1.1910E3 '<
\ .4367E3 ;
7.2554E2
( meters)
100-1 50 1!
3.1793E3
J.9727E3 f
2.5148E3
3.4872E3
2.6186E3
4.2I68E4 <
2.2874E3
4.6233E3
5.6899E3 (.
5.8823E3
1 ,6474E3
20-30
.8704E3
.3249E3
. 1054E3
.3155E3
.0126E3
.3941E3
. 1287E3
>.3595E3
'.7284E3
>.8350E3
.5832E3
jO-bottom
.6136E3
J.6691E2
I.3365E3
.0928E3
.0569E3
?.3050E2
3.7410E3
<
5.9219E2
1.5I88E3
7.2040E2
30-40
.4774E3
.3238E3
.1633E3
.4230E3
.0798E3
.2779E3
.031 1E3
2.1 711E3
.8629E3
.6557E3
. 7477E3
Total
.9571E4
.4711E4
.5164E4
.8711E4
.4149E4
. 7689E4
1 .3I45E4
>. b082E4
I* D702E4
3. 1384E4
1 .7435E4
4-57
-------
Table 4.4a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Dissolved Orthorphosphate
(milligrams per liter)
layers (meters)
Cruise O-.IO 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
JO
II
.002
.006
.002
.002
.002
.004
.004
-007
.005
.006
.003
.002
.005
.002
.002
.002
.003
.004
.008
.005
.006
.003
.002
.007
.002
.002
.002
.003
.004
.008
.005
.007
.003
.002
.004
.002
.002
.002
.004
.004
.008
.006
.007
.004
.001
.004
.002
.003
.003
.004
.003
.008
.006
.008
.005
layers (meters)
Cruise 40-50 50-100 100-150 150-bottom
I .002 .002 .001 .002
2 .004 .005 .003 .002
3 .002 .003 .002 .002
4 .003 .004 .005 .004
5 .003 .005 .004 .002
6 .004 .005 .005 .004
7 .003 .004 .003 .004
8 .008 .007 .005
9 .006 .006 .004
10 .008 .008 .006
I I .005 .006 .005
Cruises* 1-May 1-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-14, 1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, 1972; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
ll-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-58
-------
Table 4.4b Variations of Mean Measurements from
rtest to East for Dissolved Orthophosphate
(milligrams per liter)
Station Numbers
Nest East
Cruise 1-12 14-35 36-59 60-78 79-105
1 .002 .002 .002 .001 .001
2 .003 .006 .004 .007
3 ..003 .002 .002 .002 .002
4 .002 .003 .002 .002 .002
5 ..002 .003 .002 .002 .003
6 .006 .004 .003 .003 .003
7 .005 .004 .004 .003 .003
8 .008 .008 .006 .009 .006
9 .006 .004 .005 .005 .003
.10 .006 .007 .006 .008 .006
11 .005 .004 .003 .004 .002
4-59
-------
Table 4.4c
Mass Determination - Layers
Dissolved Orthophosphate
(metric tons)
and Total for
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
Cruises
1
2
3
4
b
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
0-JO
2.6437E2
9.8553E2
3.8293E2
3. 0082E2
3.5616E2
6.8068E2
6. I297E2
.1.2730E3
8. I296E2
1 . 0348E3
4. 4435E2
40-50
2.2287E2
t?. !5b9E2
2.686IE2
3.6890E2
4.0D87E2
4.4597E2
3.96I6E2
9.5698E2
7.2637E2
9.2530E2
6. !5b2E2
layers
10-15
I.2270E2
4.3506E2
l.72b6E2
1 ,b343E2
l.6b63E2
2.7030E2
3.3188E2
6.303IE2
3.954IE2
5. I194E2
2.3395E2
layers
bO-100
7.5321E2
2. !70bE3
1. I874E3
1 .7643E3
2. 1566E3
2.2433E3
I.7895E3
3.4bb8E3
2.7937E3
3.6978E3
2.7302E3
(meters)
15-20
I.2I35E2
5.2I06E2
1 .5.708E2
1 .5039E2
1 .8449E2
2.6089E2
3.2774E2
6.I064E2
3.8900E2
3.II23E2
2.6.223E2
(meters)
100-150
4.7093E2
9. 1544E2
5.1845E2
.4305E3
.2173E3
.7172E3
.0855E3
.7292E3
. .2424E3
2.0329E3
5.7.162E2
20-30
2.2350E
-------
Table 4.5a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Nitrite-Nitrate
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
0-10
layers (meters)
10-15 15-20
20-30
30-40
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
.379
.316
.269
. 192
.107
.209
.179
.277
.345
.262
. 118
.413
.373
.234
.240
.111
.223
.183
.274
.363
.262
.157
.430
.329
.273
.250
.173
.221
.184
.275
.360
.269
.195
.488
.330
.262
.481
.297
.199
.194
.271
.399
.264
.241
.537
.352
.238
.489
.321
.232
.201
.268
.383
.259
.248
Cruise
40-50
layers
50-100
(meters)
100-150
150-bottom
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
.10
II
.452
.305
.261
.490
.305
.256
.207
.272
.376
.265
.243
.539
.358
.282
.565
.354
.249
.210
.279
.369
.268
.258
.735
.479
.216
.412
.268
.214
.210
.258
.243
.197
.280
.276
.279
.278
.206
.209
.179
. 117
.196
.261
Cruises: I-May 1-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-14, J972I 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-()ct 30-Nov 2, 1972; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
Il-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-61
-------
Table 4.5b Variations of Mean Measurements from
West to East for Nitrite-Nitrate
(milligrams per liter)
nest
Cruise 1-12
Station Numbers
East
14-35 36-59 60-78 79-105
1 .433 .384 .531 .484 .222
2 .360 .324 .388 .257
3 .219 .202 .279 .290 .232
4 .259 .343 .259 .399 .265
5 .169 .210 .180 .177 .154
6 .324 .255 .184 .209 .171
7 .192 .190 .185 .186 .138
8 .189 .185 .187 .204
9 .309 .274 .282 .283 .252
10 .266 .245 .250 .257 .228
II .186 .171 .208 .198 .153
4-62
-------
Table 4.t>c
Mass Determination - Layers and Total
for Nitrite-Nitrate
(metric tons)
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
0-10
6. 4679E4
5.40I3E4
4.5855E4
3. 2930E4
I.8279E4
3.5698E4
3. 0540E4
4.7289E4
5.8862E4
4.4659E4
2.0I45E4
40-60
5.5768E4
3.7658E4
3.2225E4
6. 0490E4
3.7642E4
3. 1569E4
2.5602E4
3.359IE4
4.64I9E4
3.27IIE4
3. 0023E4
layers
10-15
3.3327E4
3.0085E4
I.8884E4
2.6978E4
8.9653E3
I.80I8E4
J.4754E4
2.2I22E4
2.9328E4
2. H5IE4
.I.2653E4
layers
50-.I 00
2.5773E5
.6983E5
.3413E5
2.6820E5
.6827E5
.I8I5E5
9. 9938E4
.3326E5
. 7647E5
. 2836Et>
,2273Eb
(meters)
15-20
3.3225E4
2.5464E4
2.I069E4
1.9331E4
I.3338E4
1 .7085E5
I.4242E4
2.1285E4
2.7860E4
2.0785E4
1 .5090E4
(meters)
100-150
2.3353E5
I.52I4E5
6.8665E4
1 .3097E5
8.5I67E4
6.7893E4
6.6645E4
8.I913E4
7.7257E4
6.2546E4
3.2633E4
20-30
7.I074E4
4.8I30E4
3.8223E4
7. 0060E4
4.3322E4
2.8933E4
2.82I7E4
3.94I3E4
5.8H2E4
3.852IE4
3.5I4IE4
1 50-bottom
3. 5557E4
2.8508E4
3.5595E4
2.0352E4
2.6715E4
2.I344E4
1.4006E4
2.5I77E4
2.42IOE4
2.583IE4
30-40
7.2639E4
4.7701E4
3.2I73E4
6.6140E4
4.3419E5
3.I436E4
2.7222E4
3.6233E4
5. I906E4
3.5I22E4
3.3556E4
Total
8.5795E5
5.9432E5
4.2698E5
7.0I70E5
4.4533E5
3.7I8IE5
3.22I8E5
4.4I23E5
D.5186E5
4.0983E5
3.0237Eb
4-63
-------
Table 4.6a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Ammonia
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
O-.IO
layers
10-15
(meters)
15-20
20-30
30-40
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
.10
.007
.027
.021
.021
.010
.009
.006
.014
.010
.013
.026
.030
.025
.009
.008
.006
.013
.014
.0-14
.027
.034
.028
.009
.008
.006
.013
.016
.015
.024
.026
.026
.01 1
.006
.006
.012
.013
.013
.026
.013
.026
.011
.006
.007
.013
.013
Cruise
40-50
layers
50-100
(meters)
100-150
150-bottom
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
.014
.025
.012
.026
.015
.006
.009
.013
.009
,013
,022
,015
,023
.011
,004
,008
,01 I
.009
.01 I
,015
,015
.012
.007
.003
.005
,008
,01 1
.008
.012
.023
.006
.004
.001
.002
Cruises* I-May 1-5, 1972* 2-May 15-19; 19721 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-14, 1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, 19721 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
ll-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-64
-------
Table 4.6b Variations of Mean Measurements from
rtest to East for Ammonia
(milligrams per liter)
Station Numbers
rtest East
Cruise 1-12 14-35 36-59 60-78 79-105
3 .017 .014 .Oil .014 .013
4 .037 .022 .021 .024 .027
5 .034 .030 .023 .017 .021
6 .024 .019 .021 .019 .028
7 .009 .0.10 .010 .013 .013
8 .015 .013 .005 .018 .011
9 .010 .010 .010 .008 .005
.10 .013 .015 .016 .012 .012
II .012 .014 .017 .011 .016
4-65
-------
Table 4.6c
Mass Determination - Layers and Total
for Ammonia
(metric tons)
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0-JO
2.1627E3
4.6518E3
3.6186E3
3.4992E3
1 . 7603 E3
I.4558E3
1.0005E3
2.4I37E3
1.730IE3
40-50
1 . 786 1 E3
3.0324E3
1.4680E3
3. 1774E3
1 . 8639E3
7.2999E2
I.0503E3
1.5739E3
1.0565E3
layers
10-15
1.0266E3
2.0598E3
2.3996E3
J.9953E3
7.4326E2
6.8319E2
.5. I242E2
1.0665E3
1. 143IE3
layers
50-100
_
5.9562E3
1.06S3E4
7. 18I6E3
1.0967E4
5.0328E3
1.9527E3
3.6602E3
5.3033E3
4.3858E3
(meters)
15-20
I.0496E3
2.0777E3
2.621 7E3
2.1549E3
6.9333E2
6.5148E2
5.0041E2
9.801 JE2
1 .2548E3
(meters)
100-150
_
3.491 1E3
4.9192E3
4.6864E3
3.8431E3
2.2045E3
8.8324E^
1 .6454E3
2.6954E3
1.2763E3
20-30
2. 1 448E3
3.4807E3
3.7392E3
3.8077E3
1.6300E3
9.3600E2
8.5950E2
I.7M7E3
1.9043E3
150-bottom
_
I.OI26E3
1. I596E3
2.9171E3
6.055IE2
3.6125E2
1.9023E2
2.0099E2
1 .9017E2
4.I698E3
30-40
1.8121E3
3.5260E3
1.7979E3
3.5848E3
1.7486E3
7.8102E2
9.7402E2
1.7064E3
1.7803E3
Total
*•*«»*«
— — -
2.0448E4
3.5929E4
3.0459E4
3.3787E5
1 .6I89E4
8.2708E3
1 .0415E4
1 .7642E4
1.870JE4
4-66
-------
Table 4.7a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
0-10
layers
10-lD
(meters)
15-20
20-30
30-40
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
. 187
.204
.288
.236
. 168
.111
. 102
.116
.085
.170
.200
. 186
.247
.215
.167
. 108
.094
.115
.086
.164
.179
. 181
.225
.212
.170
.1 II
.100
.110
.081
.144
. 164
. 170
.215
.174
. 178
.121
.094
. I 16
.073
.122
.161
.151
.198
.162
.173
.119
.090
.109
.067
. I 16
Cruise
40-50
layers (meters)
50-100 100-150
150-bottom
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
10
11
. 162
. 160
. 199
. 164
. 160
.111
.091
. 106
.072
.108
.178
.167
.206
.152
.171
.102
.092
.122
.078
.107
.229
.171
.236
.113
. 159
.079
.056
.098
.073
. 116
.243
. 115
.123
.108
.074
.060
. I 18
Cruises* 1-May 1-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-14, J972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-()ct 30-Nov 2, 1972; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; I0-Apr 24-30, 19731
Il-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-67
-------
Table 4.7b Variations of Mean Measurements from
rtest to East for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
(milligrams per liter)
Station Numbers
rtest East
Cruise i-12 14-35 36-59 60-78 79-105
2 .168 .164 .212 .147
3 .162 .169 .180 .186 .175
4 .229 .291 .192 .216 .260
5 .232 .213 .156 .198 .182
6 .125 .165 .168 .154 .177
7 .095 .095 .094 .121 .114
8 .094 .106 .086 .111 .097
9 .134 .111 .087 .114 .091
10 .071 .080 .082 .082 .095
II .151 .156 .125 .134 .152
4-68
-------
Table 4.7c
Mass Determination - Layers and Total for
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
(metric tons)
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
0-10
3.I884E4
3. 4890E4
4.9159E4
4. 0357E4
2.8638E4
1.8877E4
I.7476E4
J.9854E4
1 . 4503E4
2.9087E4
40-sO
2. 0028E4
I.974IE4
2.4519E4
2.0273E4
I.9710E4
I.3649E4
I. II84E4
I.3035E4
8.9079E3
.1.33IOE4
layers
10-15
.6I27E4
.5044E4
.9934E4
.7369E4
.3437E4
8.6832E3
7.6168E3
9.2848E3
6.9090E3
I.3227E4
layers
50-100
8.4361E4
7.9I47E4
9.7734E4
7.2231E4
8.1072E4
4.830IE4
4.3972E4
5.8216E4
3.7b05E4
5.0884E4
(meters)
15-20
.381 IE4
.3977E4
.74J3E4
.6402E4
.3I15E4
8.5799E3
7.7285E3
8.4812E4
6.2472E3
1 .1121E4
(meters)
100-150
7.2639E4
5.4446E4
7.4896E4
3.5869E4
5.0435E4
2.5143E4
1.7894E4
3.1261E4
2.3044E4
1 .35JOE4
20-30
2.3860E4
2.4715E4
3.I360E4
2.5364E4
2.5978E4
.7570E4
.3482E4
.6925E4
.0599E4
.7736E4
150-bottom
2.4876E4
1.4755E4
1.5533E4
1.3896E4
7.1057E4
6.7476E3
1.0962E4
3.5182E3
30-40
2.I779E4
2.0501E4
2.6779E4
2.1905E4
1.3463E4
1 .6109E4
1.2I20E4
1.4790E4
9. 1 126E3
1.5684E4
Total
3.102DE5
2.7730E5
3.5761E5
2.6380E5
2.6324E5
1.6427E5
1 .8343E5
1 .2 17JE5
1 .6461E5
A-69
-------
Table 4.8a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Organic Nitrogen
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
0-.10
layers
10-15
(meters)
15-20
20-30
30-40
I
2
3
4
p
6
7
8
9
10
.181
.197
.261
.215
. 147
. 101
.093
. 110
.071
. 160
.195
.173
.221
.185
.142
.099
.086
.109
.073
.150
.174
.167
.198
.179
.142
..102
.092
. 104
.068
.128
, 159
,155
,191
148
,152
1.10
088
I 10
,061
,109
.156
.138
.172
.149
.147
.108
.084
.102
.054
.103
Cruise
40-50
layers
50-1.00
(meters)
100-150
150-bottom
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
.157
. 146
.174
.152
. 134
.096
.085
.097
.059
.099
.172
. 154
.184
. 137
.148
.091
.088
.1 14
.067
.098
,224
,160
.221
,098
.147
,072
,053
,093
.065
.105
.237
. 107
.Ml
.085
.068
.056
.116
Cruises: 1-May .1-5, 1972? 2-May 15-19; 1972? 3-Jun
12-16, 19721 4-Jul 10-14, 1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 19721
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, 1972* 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
ll-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-70
-------
fable 4.8b Variations of Mean Measurements from
West to East for Organic Nitrogen
(milligrams per liter)
Station Numbers
rtest East
Cruise I-12 14-35 36-59 60-78 79-105
2 .163 .159 .207 .142
3 . 1 45 . 1 55 .1 69 . 1 72 .1 62
4 .192 .269 .171 .192 .233
5 .198 .183 .133 .181 .161
6 .101 .146 .147 .135 .149
7 .086 .085 .084 .108 .101
8 .079 .093 .081 .093 .086
9 .124 .10.1 .077 .106 .086
10 .058 .065 .066 .070 .083
II . 1 39 .1 42 .108 . 123 .1 36
4-71
-------
Table 4.8c
Mass Determination - Layers and Total for
Organic Nitrogen
(metric tons)
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 I
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
0-10
3.0944E4
3.2727E4
4.4507E4
3. 6738E4
2.5139E4
1 . 7 1 1 7E4
I.6020E4
I.8854E4
1 . 208.9E4
2. 7357E4
40-60
.9375E4
.7955E4
2. I487E4
. 880 5 E4
.6533E4
. I785E4
.04D4E4
. 1985E4
7.3340E3
1. 22b4E4
layers
10-15
.5719E4
.4017E4
.7874E4
.4969E4
. 1442E4
7.9400E3
6.9340E3
8.7720E3
5.8430E3
.1 .2084E4
layers
50-100
8. 1714E4
7.3191E4
8*7081 E4
6.5049E4
7.0105E4
4.3268E4
4.2019E4
5.4556E4
3.2202E4
4.6498E4
(meters)
15-20
1 .3403E4
1 .2927E4
1 .5335E4
1.3780E4
9.3073E3
7.8866E3
7.0770E3
8.43I2E4
5.2671E3
9.8662E3
(m.eters)
1 00- 1 bO
7. 1 124E4
5.0955E4
6.9977E4
3. 1 183E4
4.6592E4
2.2939E4
1 .701 1E4
2.9616E4
2.0349E4
1 .2234E4
20-30
2.3097E4
2.2570E4
2.7879E4
2.1625E4
2.2170E4
I.5940E4
1.2546E4
1.6066E4
8.8873E3
1.5832E4
1 50-bottom
2.4214E4
J.3742E4
1.4373E4
1.0979E4
7.0451E4
6.71 15E4
___
1.0761E4
3.4992E4
30-40
2. 106bE4
I.8689E4
2.3253E4
2.0107E4
I.9878E4
1 .4360E4
1.1339E4
1.3815E4
8.9420E4
1.3904E4
Total
3.0148E5
l.b683E5
3.2168E5
I.3334E&
l.4808Eb
1 . 7301Eb
1 .0407E5
1 .4591E5
4-72
-------
Table 4.9a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Total Nitrogen
(milligrams per liter)
layers (meters)
Cruise 0-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40
2 .503 .573 .508 .494 .513
3 .473 .420 .454 .432 .389
4 .480 .487 .475 .696 .687
5 .343 .326 .385 .453 .483
6 .377 .3.90 .391 .377 .405
7 .290 .2.9} .295 .315 .320
8 .379 .368 .375 .365 .358
9 .461 .478 .470 .515 .492
.10 .347 .348 .350 .337 .326
II .288 .321 .339 .363 .364
Cruise
40-50
layers
50- 1 00
(meter-s)
100-150
150-bottom
2 .467 .536 .708 .522
3 .421 .449 .387 .393
4 .689 .771 .648 .329
5 .469 .506 .381 .317
6 .416 .420 .373 .253
7 .318 .312 .289 .177
8 .363 .37.1 .314
9 .482 .491 .341 .196
10 .337 .346 .270
II .351 .365 .396
Cruises* l-May .1-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-14, 1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, 1972; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
ll-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-73
-------
Table 4.9b Variations of Mean Measurements from
Nest to East for Total Nitrogen
(milligrams per liter)
rtest
Cruise 1-12
Station Numbers
East
14-35 36-59 60-78 79-105
2 .528 .488 .600 .404
3 .381 .371 .459 .476 .407
4 .488 .634 .451 .615 .525
D .401 .423 .3-36 .375 .336
6 .449 .420 .352 .363 .348
7 .287 .295 .279 .307 .252
8 .295 .271 .298 .301
9 .443 .385 .369 .397 .343
10 .337 .325 .332 .339 .323
II .337 .327 .333 .332 .305
4-74
-------
Table 4.9c - Mass Determination - Layers and Total for
Total Nitrogen
(metric tons)
Cruises
0-10
layers (meters)
10-15 15-20
20-30
Cruises 40-50
layers (meters)
50-100 100-150
150-bottom
30-40
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
8.5897E4
8.0745E4
8. 2089E4
5.8636E4
6.4336E4
4.9417E4
6. 4765E4
7. 8716E4
5.9I62E4
4.9232E4
4.6212E4
3.3928E4
4.69I.2E4
2.6334E4
3.1455E4
2.3437E4
2.9739E4
3.8613E4
2.8060E4
2.5880E4
3.9275E4
3.5046E4
3.6744E4
2.9740E4
1 ,8396Eb
2.2822E4
9.8571E4
1 . 1 267E4
2.7032E4
2.621 1E4
7. 1 990E4
6.2938E4
3. 1431E4
6.8686E4
5.49IIE4
4.5787E4
b.289bE4
7.5037E4
4.9120E4
5.2877E4
6.9480E4
5.2674E4
9.2919E4
4.5610E5
5.4899E4
4.3331E4
4.8353E4
6.6696E4
4.4235E4
4.9240E4
Total
1
2
3
4
D
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
5.7686E4
5. 1966E4
8.5009E4
5. 791bE4
5. 1279E4
3.92DIE4
4.477bE4
5.94b4E4
4. 1619E4
4.3333E4
2.54I9E5
2. 1328E5
3.6593E5
2.40DOED
1 .9922E5
1 . 4824Eb
J ,7723Eb
2.3469E5
1 .6587ED
1 .7361E5
2.2478E5
1 .231 1E5
2.0587Eb
1.2104E5
1 .1833E5
9.1 788E4
9.9807E4
1 .0852E5
8.5590E4
4.6143E4
5.3384E4
5.0350E4
3.tJ88bE4
4.061 1E4
9.2401E4
2.0754E4
3.51 72E4
2.9349E4
9.0457E5
7.0428E5
1 .0593E6
7.0913E5
6.3505E5
4.864;jE5
7.3529E5
5.3lD4Eb
4.6698ED
4-75
-------
Table 4.IOa Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Total Organic Carbon
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
O-.JO
layers (meters)
I OH 5 15-20
20-30
30-40
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2.
3,
3,
4,
3,
82
05
79
58
97
3.98
2.26
2.81
2.86
4.34
2.48
3.03
3.74
4.62
3.76
3.80
2.26
2.78
2.94
4.36
2.49
3.1!
3.86
4.67
3.76
3.85
2.16
2.82
2.93
4.20
^.33
2.74
3
4
3
76
72
75
4.21
2.09
2.77
3.02
4.20
2.56
2.71
3.72
4.86
3.72
4.87
1.72
2.70
2.91
4.01
Cruise
40-50
layers
50-100
(meters)
100-150
150-bottom
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
2
2
3
5
3
,70
(75
,76
,05
,78
4.21
1.61
2.77
2.95
3.93
2.61
2.82
3.82
5.35
3.73
4.59
1.87
3.08
2.91
3.84
2.43
2,
2.
18
98
4.08
3.34
4.79
1.71
2.13
1 .88
3.75
Cruises* 1-May J-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19; 19721 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-14, 1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, 1972? 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
Il-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-76
-------
Table 4..IOb Variations of Mean Measurements from
rtest to East for Total Organic Carbon
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
west
1-12
3.86
4.13
3.84
3.14
1.94
2.94
2.77
3.53
Station
14-35
3.09
4.68
4.65
3.65
3.19
_ —
1.97
2.30
2.78
3.70
Numbers
36-59
3.08
3.49
5.49
3.97
3.54
-..-.
1.82
2.98
2.46
3.94
60-78
2.58
2.87
3.42
3.33
4.68
1.96
2.61
2.37
4. 10
East
79-105
2.80
3.54
4.18
3.37
2.60
2.08
3.01
2.27
4.45
4-77
-------
Table 4.10c
Mass Determination - Layers and Total for
Total Organic Carbon
(metric tons)
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
Cruises
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
0-10
4.8180E6
5.2028E5
6.4687E5
7. 81 ^2Et>
6. 7899E5
3.8527E5
4. 7920E5
4.888IE5
7.4132E5
40-bO
3.3360E5
3.4014E5
4.6391E5
6.2313E5
5.20I2E5
1.9893E5
3.41 74Eb
3.6476E5
4.8579E5
layers
10-15
2.0046E6
2.4457E5
3.0173E5
3. 7297E5
_ —
3.0699E5
— _
1 .8201E5
2.2471E5
2.371 1E5
3.521E5
layers
50-1 00
.1.24 70 E6
1.3408E6
1 .8159E6
2.54I2E6
2. I792E6
8.9238E5
1 . 47 1 7E6
1 .3929E6
1.8233E6
(meters)
15-20
J .9259E5
2.4033E5
2.9841E5
3.6105E5
2.9785E5
— . —
1 .660E5
2.1777Eb
2.2653Eb
3.2443E5
( meters)
100-150
7.7323E5
6.9290E5
9.4748E5
1 .2964E6
1 .5220E6
5.4316E5
6.7777E5
5.9671E5
4.3803E3
20-30
3.3961E5
3.9923E5
5.4823Eo
6.8754ED
- —
6. \298Eo
3.0379E5
4.0392ED
4.3965E5
6.1244E5
I 50-bottom
2.3063ED
1 . 1 D7bE3
1.6618E5
2.4430E5
4.4425E5
4.8922E4
I.4052E5
1 . 1 050E5
30-40
3.4601E5
3.6716E5
b.0292E5
6.5844E5
_-._
6.5880E5
___
2.3325E5
3.6583E5
3.9433E5
5.4319E5
Total
4. 1 462E6
4.27I6E6
5.6926E6
7.572IE6
7.2444E6
2.9104E6
4.2861E6
4.2826E6
5.431 IE6
4-78
-------
Table 4.I la Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Silica
(milligrams per liter)
layers (meters)
Cruise 0-.10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
.10
II
.911
.481
.573
.695
.675
.700
.489
.729
.491
.606
.397
.805
.544
.511
.724
.645
.738
.532
.765
.500
.580
.310
.855
.550
.948
.689
.723
.674
.545
.781
.501
.593
.400
.768
.710
.770
.702
.793
.648
.484
.764
.531
.631
.416
.785
.628
.276
.742
.676
.488
.443
.736
.521
.642
.476
layers (meters)
Cruise 40-50 50-100 100-150 150-bottom
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
JO
11
.819
.563
.298
.745
.627
.541
.380
.740
.528
.681
.561
1.11
.549
.311
.770
.728
.624
.384
.765
.550
.721
.660
.754
.307
.316
.795
.637
.569
.478
.585
.518
.532
.672
1 .28
.248
.208
.339
.459
.324
.273
—
—— .
-—
Cruises* l-May 1-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 19721 4-Jul 10-14, 1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, 1972; 7-^ov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
11-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-79
-------
Tables 4.lib Variations of Mean Measurements from
West to East for Silica
(milligrams per liter)
Station Numbers
rtest East
Cruise 1-12 14-35 36-59 60-78 79-105
I .720 .789 .620 .114 .196
2 .501 .487 .548 .381
3 .225 .252 .106 .269 .196
4 .540 .643 .772 .659 .788
5 .628 .665 .727 .694 .604
6 .889 .566 .612 .551 .763
7 .346 .D15 .444 .428 .459
8 .622 .717 .693 .755 .738
10 .530 .483 .536 .584 .437
II .411 .339 .415 .456 .415
4-80
-------
Table 4.IIc Mass
Determination
for Silica
(metric tons)
- Layers and Total
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
/
8
9
10
1 1
0-10
.1 . 5542E5
8. 2013E4
9.7765E4
1. I865E5
1 . 1 52 1 E5
1.1942E5
8.3431E4
1.2442E5
8.3726E4
J.0333E5
6. 7696E4
40-50
1.01 I8E5
6.9578E4
3.68I3E4
9.20I3E4
7.7 440 E4
6.6549E4
4. 6972E4
9. I402E4
6. 5243E4
8.4052E4
6.9322E4
layers (
10-15
6.4993E4 t.
4.3928E4 t
4.I225E4
5.838IE4 i
5.2025E4 f
5.9531E4 £
4.2959E4 t
6.I704E4 <
4.0338E4 :
4.6836E4 <
2.4980E4 ;
layers <
50-100
5.3^42E5 I
2.6065E5 5
1.4758E5
3.6b45E5 I
3.4571E5 2
2.9613E5
I.8218ES
3.6567E5
2.6316E5
3.4462E5
3.1350E5
meters)
15-20
>.6091E4
L2490E4
N3308E4
>.3271E4
>.5892E4
).2107E4
1.2146E4
i.0404E4
J.875IE4
1.5877E4
J.0919E4
'meters)
100-150
J.3932E5
>.7539E4
.0027E5
>.524IE5
J.0246E5
.8062E5
.5I89E5
.8596E5
.6446E5
.6906E5
^.8374E4
20-30
1.11 90 E5
9.6063E4
1 . 1 223E5
t .0229E5
1.1532E5
9.4439E4
7.0548E4
1. M26E5
7.7424E4
9. 1943E4
6.0575E4
1 50-bottom
1.6500E5
2.5306E4
2.6498E4
3. 4949E4
5.8625E4
3.8838E4
_~_
1.41 19E4
4. 3942E4
9.200E3
30-40
I.062DE5
7.7524E4
3.7408E4
J.0042E5
9.1532E4
6.6093E4
5.991 IE4
9.9697E4
7.0573E4
8.6924E4
6.4404E4
Total
1.5433E6
7.96D3E5
6.7331E5
1 . 1 865E6
1. 1 148E6
9.7657E5
6.835DE5
1 .1038E6
8.2007E5
1 .0309E6
7.1069E5
4-81
-------
Table 4,l2a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Sodium
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
1
2
3
4
D
6
7
8
9
10
11
Cruise
1
2
3
4
D
6
7
8
9
10
0-10
13.5
13.5
13.8
14.8
13.5
14.1
13.8
13.5
13.8
13.9
40-50
13.3
13.3
13.8
14.3
13.3
14.1
13.6
13.5
13.7
layers
10-15
13.6
13.5
13.9
14.7
13.4
14.2
13.7
13.4
13.7
—__
13.9
layers
50-100
13.7
13.7
14.2
15.0
13.9
14.5
14.1
13.9
14.1
— __
(meters)
15-20
13.7
13.4
14.0
14.7
13.4
14.2
13.8
13.5
13.8
_- ._
13.9
(meters)
100-150
11.9
12.8
11 .7
12.7
11.9
12.8
12.0
1 1.8
12.0
— _
20-30
13.3
13.3
13.8
14.4
13.2
14.0
13.6
13.4
13.6
13.7
150-bottom
10.3
12.2
10.1
10.9
12.8
10.8
10.3
9.4
30-40
13. 1
13.1
13.6
14.0
13.1
13.9
13.4
13.3
13.5
___
13.6
13.8
14.2
12.0
11.3
Cruises* 1-May 1-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-14, 1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, 1972; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
11-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-82
-------
Table 4.12b Variations of Mean Measurements from
West to East for Sodium
(milligrams per liter)
Station Numbers
West East
Cruise 1-12 14-35 36-59 60-78 79-105
2 12.5 12.7 12.9 13.3
3 12.9 13.0 12.9 13.1 13.2
4 14.2 13.1 13.8 14.0 14.5
5 12.7 12.5 12.6 13.1 13.2
6 13.5 13.2 13.7 13.6 13.5
7 13.2 12.9 13.0 13.2 13.2
8 13.1 12.7 12.7 13.1 13.0
9 13.3 13.1 12.5 13.2 13.1
11 13.1 13.2 13.1 13.3 13.2
-83
-------
fable 4.l2c Mass Determination - Layers and Total for Sodium
(metric tons)
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I 1
0-10
2.3081E6
2.3075E6
2.3578E6
2.5I79E6
2.3000E6
2.4124E6
2.35D7E6
2.2962E6
2.3549E6
2.3769E6
40-50
.6406E6
. 640 1 E6
.704 3 E6
. . 7652E6
.6394E6
.7354E6
.6823E6
. 666 1 E6
.6912E6
___
1 . 7035E6
layers
10-1 5
.0946E6
.0882E6
. 1187E6
.1837E6
.0794E6
. 143 1E6
. 1079E6
. 0849E6
. 1088E6
1 . 1 1 80E6
layers
50-100
6.5684E6
6.5192E6
6.7529E6
7.13U6E6
6.5960E6
6.8940E6
6.6974E6
6.6336E6
6.7342E6
6.7426E6
(meters)
15-20
.0562E6
.0391E6
.0799E6
.1366E6
. .0371E6
.0997E6
.0653E6
.0440E6
.0678E6
1 .0764E6
(meters)
100-150
3.7851E6
4.0727E6
3.7222E6
4.0426E6
3.7853E6
4.0262E6
3.821 1E6
3.761 1E6
3.8259E6
3.8040E6
20-30
1.9342E6
1.933IE6
2.0147E6
2.0965E6
1.9273E6
2.0454E6
1.9841E6
1 . 9500E6
I.9857E6
___
2.0023E6
ISO-bottom
.3251E6
.246I2E6
.2985E6
.3677E6
.2706E6
.3085E6
. I31IE6
.2083E6
8.9796E5
1 .3035E6
30-40
.7682E6
.7767E6
.8468E6
.8906E6
.7693E6
.8775E6
.8I99E6
.7968E6
.8279E6
___
1 .8395E6
Total
2. I488E6
2.1671E7
2.I903E7
2.3160E7
2. 141 7E7
2.262IE7
2. 18D8E7
2.1487E7
2. 1 900E7
2. 1 984E7
4-84
-------
Table 4.13a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Potassium
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
10
II
0-10
,58
layers (meters)
10-15 15-20
1.60
1.60
20-30
1.58
30-40
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
.54
.48
.52
.56
.71
.62
.95
.50
.41
.55
.49
.52
.55
.69
.60
.93
.50
.40
.59
.50
.52
.57
.69
.61
.93
.51
.41
.55
.48
.49
.54
.67
.59
.90
.50
.39
.45
.47
.48
.50
.64
.59
.87
.48
.37
1.56
Cruise
40-50
layers
50-100
(meters)
100-150
150-bottom
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
JO
11
.53
.49
.49
.51
.66
.61
.90
.51
.39
1.58
.57
.53
.54
.54
.68
.67
.96
.53
.43
1 .65
.36
.32
.31
.30
.46
.40
.70
.30
.22
.39
.43
.83
.08
. 11
.23
.15
.41
.06
1.21
Cruises* l-May J-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-14, 1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-()ct 30-Nov 2, 1972; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
11-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-85
-------
Table 4.l3b Variations of Mean Measurements from
rtest to East for Potassium
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
rtest
1-12
Station Numbers
14-35 36-59
60-78
East
79-105
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
.10
11
.47
.56
.63
.54
.90
.43
.44
1.47
.43
.40
.40
.59
.55
.89
.45
.34
1.46
.39
.42
.51
.63
.50
.83
.41
.32
1.49
,45
42
,52
64
.57
88
,44
37
,55
.41
.48
.40
.63
.54
.86
.45
.33
1.46
4-36
-------
Table 4.13c
Mass Determination - Layers and Total for Potassium
(metric tons)
Cruises
1
2
3
4
0
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
Cruises
1
2
3
4
b
6
7
8
y
10
1 1
CMO
2.62b2Eb
2.5343E5
2.5943E5
2.66:>6Eb
2. 9I9DEb
2. 7b90Eb
3.3364E5
2.b649Eb
2.4138Eb
— _
2.6956E5
40-30
1.88 44 E5
.1 . 8393Eb
1.8443E5
1 . 864 1 Eb
2. 0487ED
1. 9907E6
2. 3blDE5
I.8598E5
1. 7206 Eb
— —
1.9547Eb
layers
10-15
.2477E5
.2043E5
. 2229 E5
. .2bl7Eb
.36b/E5
.2942E5
.556IE5
.2I16E5
. I3J7E5
— —
1 .2879E5
layers
bO--l 00
7.52I4E5
7.2832ED
7.3JblED
7.3237E5
7. 9777ED
7. 9333 ED
9.30DbE5
7.3351E5
6.8360ED
7.8187E5
(meters)
15-20
.2274E5
..1602E5
.1728E5
.2l03Eb
.3082ED
.2476E5
.4924E5
.1678E5
.0887E5
— _
1 .2345E5
(meters)
100-lbO
4.3343E5
4.1972Eb
4.1577Eb
4.1412E5
4.6394Eb
4.4631E5
5.39IOEb
4. 13J5E5
3.8771Eb
4.4014ED
20-30
2.2604E5
2.1b2bEj
2.I763E5
2.2464E5
2.4263E5
2.3223E6
2.7624E5
2.1784E5
2. 0227 ED
2.3033E5
1 50-bottom
.8416Eb
.8730E5
2.3870ED
.40I7E5
.5682E5
.3954ED
. 5500ED
.3631E5
8.8997E4
1.3934Eb
30-40
1.9642E5
f .9846E5
1 .9969E5
2.0309Eb
2.2212Eb
2. 1568E5
2.5377E5
2.0066E5
1.359bE5
2. 1 I68E5
Total
2.49I5E6
2.43ME6
2.3875E6
2.4I63E6
2.649IE6
2.5647E6
3.0548E6
2.387IE6
2.2242E6
2.-j22bE6
4-87
-------
Table 4.l4a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Calcium
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
0-10
layers
10-15
(meters)
15-20
20-30
30-40
J
2
3
4
D
6
7
8
9
JO
II
38.7
43.4
41.8
40,
39,
39,
40.3
40.8
40.0
39.8
,-1
,4
,2
38,
43,
41 ,
39.6
39,
39,
40,
40,
39.9
40.1
38.9
43.2
41.5
39.7
40.5
39.3
40.6
40.9
40.1
40.2
37.4
42.2
41.0
39.2
39.4
38.9
40.0
40.3
39.6
39.3
36.4
41 .5
40.4
39.0
37.9
38,
39,
39.9
39.2
,3
,7
Cruise
40-50
layers (meters)
50-100 100-150
150-bottom
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1)
38.3
41 .8
40.9
39.6
J8.2
39.0
40.3
40.5
39.8
39.7
40.2
44.2
42.5
40.8
39.1
40.2
41 .5
41 .6
41 .0
41 .3
34.4
40.5
36.8
34.0
33.4
34.7
35.3
35.7
34.9
35.3
28.9
44.7
30.1
27.0
32.2
30.5
29.2
28.9
30.9
Cruises* I-May 1-5, 19/2; 2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-14, 1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, 1972; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 3-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
11-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-88
-------
Table 4.14b Variations of Mean Measurements from
rtest to East for Calcium
(milligrams per liter)
Station Numbers
west East
Cruise 1-12 14-35 36-59 60-78 79-105
2 37.5 41.5 43.1 42.7
3 39.6
4 39.5
5 39.7
6 37.8
7 38.4
8 38.8
9 38.9
II 37.2 38.0 39.4 37.3 38.1
37.9
37.7
38.8
37.1
38.5
38.7
38.0
39.0
38.0
39.0
38.1
38.5
39.2
38.3
39.8
38.2
37.0
37.2
38.7
39.1
38.0
41 .1
37.9
37.3
36.9
38.0
38.7
37.4
4-89
-------
Tabl
Sruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
il
e 4. I4c Ma
0-10
6.61I5E6
7 . 409 1 E6
7. 1361E6
6. 8360E6
6. 7I74E6
6.68b6E6
6.8784E6
6.9656E6
6.8271E6
— -
6. 7963E6
40-50
4.7241E6
5. 1555E6
5.0512E6
4. 883DE6
4.7I30E6
4.81 76E6
4.9716E6
4.9989E6
4. 9194E6
4.8999E6
ss Determination - Layers
(metric tons)
layers
10-15
3. 12I1E6
3.5264E6
3.33bOE6
3. I949E6
3.205oE6
3. I560E6
3.2b43E6
3.280IE6
3.2199E6
3.236bE6
layers
60- i 00
1.92I5E7
2.0980E7
2.0177E7
.9368E7
.8571E7
.9083E7
.9721E7
.9882E7
.961 7E7
1 .9614E7
(meters)
15-20
3.0072E6
3.3416E6
3.2124E6
3.0708E6
3.I332E6
3.0354E6
3.I352E6
3.1601E6
3.1016E6
3.1095E6
(meters)
1 00- 1 bO
.0940E7
.2853E7
.1688E7
.08I2E7
.0586E7
. 1029E7
.1213E7
.1343E7
1 .1085E7
1 . I2I9E7
and Total for
20-30
5.4530E6
6.1544E6
5.9737E6
5.7165E6
5.7428E6
5.6717E6
5.8286E6
5.8730E6
5.7740E6
5.7277E6
1 50-bottom
3. 7I71E6
4.5654E6
3.8560E6
3.4038E6
4.0979E6
3.6921E7
3.2089E6
3.7218E6
2.5b97E6
3.6800E6
Calcium
30-40
4.9685E6
5.6155E6
5.4671E6
5.2762E6
5. 1265E6
5.10807E6
5.3676E6
5.4034E6
5.3104E6
5.2814E6
Total
6. 1 779E7
6.9775E7
6.5918E7
6.2633E7
6.1938E7
6.2587E7
6.4127E7
6.4769E7
6.3572E7
6.3614E7
4-90
-------
Table 4.l5a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Magnesium
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
0-10
layers
10-lb
(meters)
15-20
20-30
30-40
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
8.06
8.31
8.33
8.47
D.96
7.99
8.05
8.05
/.83
7.77
8.03
8. 18
8.33
8.40
82
,97
8.04
8.04
7.80
/. 73
5,
7,
8.05
8.09
8.42
8.46
5.79
8.05
8.07
8.09
7.85
7.75
8.05
8.03
8.39
8.45
5.76
7.94
7.95
7.99
7.74
7.62
7.96
8.01
8.41
8.37
5.67
7.91
7.87
7.88
7.67
7.55
Cruise
40-50
layers (meters)
50-100 100-150
150-bottom
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
7.98
8. 11
8.53
8.50
5.71
8.06
8.00
7.98
7.79
7.66
8. 10
8.09
y.86
8.76
6.22
8.15
8.25
3. 19
8.00
7.96
6.90
7.67
7.68
7.52
4.94
6.98
7.06
7.07
6.80
6.78
5.77
8. 10
6.28
6.23
6.38
5.72
5.83
5.61
6. 18
Cruises* I-May 1-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-14, 1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, 1972; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2f 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
11-J'jn 11-15, 1973.
4-91
-------
Table 4. I5b Variations of Mean Measurements from
West to East for Magnesium
(milligrams per liter)
Station Numbers
rtest East
Cruise 1-12 14-35 36-59 60-78 79-105
2 6.99 8.09 8.21 8.24
3 7.98 8.01 7.99 8.13 7.36
4 8.37 7.85 7.92 7.86 8.09
5 5.07
6 7.61
7 7.73
8 7.60
9 7.60
II 7.29 7.36 7.46 7.39 7.40
5.06
7.53
7.71
7.68
7.53
4.81
7.58
7.68
7.73
7.38
6.68
7.59
7.72
7.69
7.52
6. 11
7.75
7.67
7.68
7.41
4-92
-------
Table 4.15c Mass Determination - Layers and Total for Magnesium
(metric tons)
Cruises
O-JO
layers (meters)
10-15 15-20
20-30
30-40
1
2
3
4
b
6
7
8
9
10
tl
Cruises
1 <
2
3
4
5
6 <
7 <
8 <
9 <
10
.3762E6
.4176E6
.42I9E6
.4453E6
.OI72E6
.3642E6
.3746E6
.3745E6
.337IE6
. 32b4E6
40-50
>.8560E5
I.OOI7E6
.0529E6
I.0495E6
7. 0482Eb
?. 9536E5
?.87b2E5
?.8586E5
>. 6!96Eb
—
6.4772Eb
6.6000E5
6.7I88E5
6.777IEb
4.6934E5
6.4303E5
6.4864E5
6.4868E5
6.2929E5
6.2379Eb
layers
50-100
3 . 87 1 5 E6
3.8436E6
4.2060E6
4. I598E6
2.9bb7E6
3.8719E6
3.9I59E6
3.9I64E6
3.8278E6
6.2237E5
6.252IE5
6.5123E5
6.5437E5
4.4737E5 I
6.2221E5
6.2420E5
6.25I6E5
6.0669E5
5.9902E5
(meters)
100-150 IE
2.1922E6
2.4380E6 {
2.4398E6 I
2.3896E6
l.b685E6 <
2.2J87E6. <
2.2437E6 <
2.2454E6
2.1607E6 £
__ _
.I722E6
.1693E6
.2228E6
.23I6E6
3.3872EO
. 1572E6
.I588E6
.I634E6
.1279E6
. II06E6 1
?0-bottom
7.4293Eb 1
3.277IE5
5.0367E5
7.8606E5
5.31b"OEb <
5.9470E5
5.4094E5
7.2225E3
J.OI04E5
— __
.0777E6
.0844E6
.1378E6
.I332E6
7.6729E5
.0708E6
.0652E6
.0674E6
.0388E6
___
.0217E6
Total
.2693E7
.3IOOE7
.36I3E7
.3527E7
?.4071E6
.2680E7
.2769E7
.2776E7
.24J8E7
__—
9.464IE5
3.7817E6
2.1532E6
7.1340E5
.2285E7
4-93
-------
Fable 4.16a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Sulfate
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
0-10
layers (meters)
10-lD 15-20
20-30
30-40
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
28.4
25.0
29.6
28.1
28.0
26.9
27.1
25.3
29.6
28.1
28.0
27.1
26.9
25.
29,
28,
28,
27.2
28.0
25.5
29.2
27.9
27.5
26.5
27.9
25.2
28.8
27.8
27.5
26.3
Cruise
40-50
layers
50- 1 00
(meters)
100-150
1 50-bottom
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
27.6
2U.7
29.1
28.1
27.6
26.9
25
28
27
,9
.2
.8
,8
27.5
22. 1
22.6
25.0
25.2
25.1
30.7
16.2
II .6
Cruises* l-May 1-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19* 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-14, .1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, 1972; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
11-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-94
-------
Table 4.16b Variations of Mean Measurements from
West to East for Sulfate
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
West
1-12
Station Numbers
14-35 36-59
60-78
East
79-105
6 26.7 26.8 26.5 27.1 25.8
7 24.8 24.5 24.1 23.3 23.2
8 27.5 28.4 27.5 28.6 27.8
9 27.2 26.9 27.3 27.1 26.0
10 26.8 25.6 26.4 27.1 26.7
II 25.6 25.7 25.9 2:>.3 25.4
4-95
-------
Table 4.16c Mass Determination - Layers and Total for
Sulfate
(metric tons)
Cruises
1
2.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Cruises
1
2
3
4
b
6
7
8
9
10
11
0-10
4. 8448E6
4.2616E6
5.0564E6
4. 7910E6
4. 7740E6
4.5899E6
40-50
3. 4030E6
3. I672E6
3.5942E6
3.47b2E6
3.40D5E6
3.32/OE6
layers
10-15
2. 1836E6
2.0440E6
2.38/6E6
2.2680E6
2.2b67E6
2. I896E6
layers
50-100
.3228E7
. 1B78E7
.4146E7
.3964E7
.3544E7
.3703E7
(meters )
15-20
___
2.0779E6
1 .94I8E6
2.2945E6
2.1802E6
2. 1788E6
2.1002E6
( meters)
100-150
7.0240E6
7.1830E6
7.9310E6
8.0-100E6
7.9863E6
3.3208E6
20-30
___
___
___
4.0855E6
3.7099E6
4.2539E6
4.0674E6
4.0002E6
3.8666E6
150-bottom
I.9105E6
6.5786ED
1.9337E6
3.3900E5
30-40
__ _
— —
___
3.7730E6
3.4148E6
3.8983E6
3.7596E6
3.7243E6
3.5560E6
Total
4.2706E7
3. 7750E7
4.3663E7
4.332IE7
4.3819E7
3.6687E7
4-96
-------
Table 4.I 7a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Fluoride
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
O-.IO
layers (meters)
10-15 15-20 20-30
30-40
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
,055
,053
, 115
, I 13
,089
, 103
.097
,143
, I 10
,127
.054
.055
.111
.120
.096
.095
.096
.142
.ill
.130
,055
,055
,115
,123
,100
,099
,098
,141
, 110
,131
.066
.054
.109
. 115
.099
.105
.096
.139
.109
.135
.068
.054
.109
.109
.094
.102
.100
. 138
.110
.129
Cruise
40-50
layers
50-100
(meters)
100-150
1 50-bottom
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
.057
.054
. 106
. M3
.088
.097
. 103
. 140
.111
.129
.062
.057
. 113
.120
.104
.105
.098
.140
. 116
.134
.060
.055
.105
.125
.095
.095
.090
.113
.094
.137
.008
.028
.073
.061
.091
.053
.068
Cruises* l-May 1-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19| 1972* 3-Jun
12-16, 19721 4-Jul 10-14, 1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, 1972; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
It-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-97
-------
Table 4.17b Variations of Mean Measurements from
irtest to East for Fluoride
(milligrams per liter)
Station Numbers
west East
Cruise 1-12 14-3b 36-59 60-78 79-105
! .048 .061 .070 .036 .030
2 .051 .054 .054 .051
3 . 120 .130 .116 .083 .109
4 .146 .137 .131 .083 .085
5 .095 .085 .086 .088 .088
6 .117 .114 .093 .086 .082
7 .102 .087 .095 .101 .080
9 . 122 .125 .135 .132 .131
10 .105 .106 .104 .110 .115
11 .128 .129 .121 .120 .121
4-98
-------
Table 4.17c Mass Determination - Layers and Total for
Fluoride
(metric tons)
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
8
9
10
1 1
0-10
9.3836E3
9. I14DE3
.96I9E4
.9247E4
.5235E4
.7S45E4
.6548E4
—
2.4364D4
I.8697E4
2. I76IE4
40-50
7. 0178E3
6.6956E3
.3I26E4
.394 1 E4
.0877E4
. I922E4
.265 9 E4
_ —
.7229E4
.3678E4
. b92 1 E4
layers
10-15
4.3540E3
4.4540E3
8.9180E3
9.6793E3
/.7337E3
7.6833E3
7. 7I39E3
1. I429E4
8.9528E3
I.0507E4
layers
50-1 00
2.9600E4
2.6982E4
D.3545E4
D.7182E4
4.917IE4
4. 9984 E4
4.6475E4
6.6V87E4
5.5280E4
6.3521E4
(meters)
15-20
4.239IE3
4.2724E3
8.8636E3
9.5089E3
7.7060E3
7.6203E3
7.5390E3
1 .0923E4
8.5350E3
1 .O.I62E4
(meters)
100-150
1 .9013E4
1 .7384E4
3.33I6E4
3.9624E4
3.0084E4
3.0303E4
2.854IE4
3.58I7E4
2.9778E4
1 .6009E4
20-30
9.5528E3
7.8549E3
.5928E4
.6788E4
.4403E4
.5332E4
.4032E4
2.0228E4
1.5864E4
1.9630E4
1 50-bottom
I.0939E3
2.856IE3
9.3145E3
6.0226E3
I.I643E4
6.3952E3
_.__
2.8749E3
8.0293E3
2. I880E3
30-40
9.2198E4
7.3705E3
.4802E4
.4697E4
.279JE4
.3804E4
.3560E4
.87I6E4
.4849E4
. 7504E4
Total
9.3479E4
8./ 164E4
1 .7746E5
1 .88D3E5
1 .5975E5
I.6104E5
1 . 479sEb
— -
2.090DE5
1.737IE5
1.7520Eb
4-99
-------
Cruise
Cruise
fable 4.l8a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Manganese
(milligrams per liter)
O-.IO
layers (meters)
10-15 15-20
20-30
30-40
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
.003
.003
_ —
_- 1 _
.005
.005
.003
.003
_— .
.003
_ —
___
— — - .
.004
.006
.002
.003
—- .—
.003
___
.005
.006
.002
.003
— —
.003
— —
.004
.006
.002
.003
.003
_ —
__ _
.004
.008
.002
40-50
layers (meters)
50-100 100-150 1 50-bottom
1
2
3
4
D
6
7
8
9
10
It
.003
—
.003
—
.004
.008
.002
.003
.003
— _
— _
.003
.0.12
.002
.002
.003
.003
.005
. 002
.002
.002
. 002
Cruises* I-May .1-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-1.6, 19721 4-Jul 10-14, .1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-()ct 30-Nov 2, 19/2; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
11-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-100
-------
Table 4.18b Variations of Mean Measurements from
to East for Manganese
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
rtest
1-12
Station l<
14-35
lumbers
36-59 60-78
East
79- 1 05
7 .003 .004 .003 .004 .005
9 .005 .007 .005 .006 .006
10 .005 .005 .013 .006 .006
II .003 .003 .002 .003 .002
A-101
-------
Table 4.18c Mass Determination - Layers and Total for
Manganese
(metric tons)
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
Cruises
1
2
3
4
b
6
7
8
9
10
i 1
0-10
4.80I9E2
5.8274E2
6. 1377E2
8.02I5E2
9. 3006E2
4.3765E2
40-50
_ —
3.2942E2
4.0232E2
3.6722E2
4.8286E2
I.02/4E3
2.4601E3
layers
10-1 5
2.2122E2
2.4608E2
2.8012E2
3.8487E2
4.6207E2
l.75b6E2
layers
50-100
1.3796E3
1 .4524E3
1 .2350E3
— _
1.62J7E3
5.82I2E3
1 .0569E3
(meters)
15-20
— «
2.3197E2
2.2936E2
2.6273E2
3.7470E2
4.5972E2
1 ,b357E2
( meters)
100-150
- —
6.lbl5E2
9.2099E2
1 .2532E3
9. 1121E2
1 .4323E3
5.6775E2
20-30
4.2580E2
4.8666E2
4.7584E2
5.8141E2
9. 1050E2
2.8417E2
150-bottom
_
1.9047E2
I.7148E2
I.4929E2
3. 2269E2
4.4784E2
2.7155E2
30-40
3. /370E2
4.2842E2
3.94I3E2
5.2 119E2
1 .0248E3
2.b931E2
Total
_
4.3487E3
__- .
5.0395E3
—
5.3589E3
6.1563E3
1.2519E4
3.4564E3
4-102
-------
Table 4.l9a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Iron
(milligrams per liter)
layers (meters)
Cruise 0-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40
1
2
3
5
6
1
8
9
.10
II
.068
.074
__
.084
.048
.047
.071
.061
— __
.078
.050
.033
.071
.056
—
— —
.079
.049
.032
.069
.053
—
.070
.047
.030
.067
.051
- —
.065
.052
.032
layers (meters)
Cruise 40-50 50-100 100-150 150-bottom
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
.065
.053
_.__
—
.063
.056
.039
.058
.042
— —
.067
.073
.041
— _
.060
—
.042
.049
.044
.040
.041
—
.034
___
— .
.020
.085
Cruises* 1-May 1-5, 1972? 2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 19721 4-Jul 10-14, 1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, 1972; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
ll-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-103
-------
Table 4.19b Variations of Mean Measurements from
West to East for Iron
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
rtest
1-12
Station l>
14-35
lumbers
36-59 60-78
East
79-105
2. — — — — ——— —~ ..——
3___ ___ ___ __—
___ _——
5 —— —•— —.—— ^^^. ___
6
7 .035 .030 .034 .053 .053
10 .044 .057 .092 .053 .059
11 .078 .048 .036 .044 .053
4-104
-------
Table 4.19c Mass Determination - Layers and Total for Iron
(metric tons)
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Cruises
1
2
3
4
b
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
0-JO
I.I689E4
I.2647E4
__—
6.4481E3
1 . 4290E4
8.2609E3
8.3028E3
40-50
8.0550E3
___
6.5076E3
4.0251E3
7. 8329E3
6.9501E3
4. I688E3
layers
10-15
5.6949E3
4.9559E3
2.86DIE3
6.2880E3
3.9992E4
2.6286E3
layers
50-100
2.7398E4
___
1 . 9991 E4
1 . 606 1 E4
3. 1962E4
3.4789E4
1.9589E4
(meters)
15-20
5.4533E3
4.3578E3
2.6528E3
6.1138E3
3.799.7E3
2.4930E3
(meters)
100-150
1 .8.968E4
1.3472E4
7.l7t>4E3
1 .5557E4
1 .3976E4
1 .2568E4
20-30
I.0002E4
7. 7391E3
4.8317E3
1.0356E4
6.8537E3
4.4245E3
150-bottom
3.4284E3
2.5611E3
7.6044E2
1.3171E4
2.5369E3
1 .0594E4
30-40
9.0888E3
6.8934E3
4.3263E3
8.7918E3
7.1044E3
4.2986E3
Total
1 .0160E5
8.0949E4
5.0784E4
1 .2091E5
8.8283E4
6.8974E4
4-105
-------
fable 4.20a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Nickel
(milligrams per liter)
layers (meters)
Cruise O-.IO 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40
5 .027 .030 .03J .068 .085
6
9 .015 .016 .016 .015 .015
10 .009 .009 .009 .010 .010
11 .011 .J10 .010 .010 .010
Cruise
40-50
layers
50-100
(meters)
100-150
150-bottom
4
5 .106 .117 .049 .023
O -" - - "" """^ "*""™ *" *""""
7 •»•• «*».* •»«•• .*._
O ^_ vm ^m^ i _IL • L-m Mm —.
9 .016 .015 .015
10 .010 .012 .010 .014
11 .010 .010 .010 .014
Cruises* 1-May 1-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-14f 1972; 5-Aug 21-2bf 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2f 1972; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
11-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-106
-------
Table 4.20b Variations of Mean Measurements from
rtest to East for Nickel
(milligrams per liter)
Station Numbers
rtest East
Cruise 1-12 14-35 36-59 60-78 79-105
7 .010 .010 .009 .010 .010
9 .010 .015 .017 .012 .017
10 .008 .007 .011 .010 .008
II .009 .010 .010 .010 .Oil
4-107
-------
Table 4.20c Mass Determination - Layers and Totals for
Nickel
(metric tons)
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Cruises
1
2
3
4
D
6
1
8
9
10
1 1
0-10
-.—
4.6936E3
2.6535E3
-.__
2.5392E3
1 .5846E3
1.8602E3
40-50
1.260DE4
___
2.0560E3
___
1. 9392E3
I.2319E3
1.2071E3
layers
10-16
- —
2.3891E3
1.2680E3
1.2676E3
7.6176E2
7.8130E2
layers
50-100
D.5742E4
—
7. 1734E3
7. 2634 £3
D.6254E3
4.8498E3
(meters)
15-20
_ —
— —
2.4095E3
I .2329E3
1 .2312E3
7.2725E2
7.3847E2
(meters)
100-150
1 .5677E4
— —
2.3281E3
4.6514E3
3.0373E3
3.1798E3
20-30
—— .
__—
9.8942E3
2.2065E3
2.2o45E3
I.3948E3
1.3923E3
150-bottom
1.76 06 E3
2.1784E3
6. I684E2
1. 1701E3
1.7523E3
30-40
_—
1 . 1 458E4
— —
2.3941E3
2.0910E3
1 .3145E3
1.2912E3
Total
— _
— —
1 . 1 786E5
— — —
2. 1989E4
—
2.4127E4
1 .6874E4
1 .7080E4
4-108
-------
Table 4.21a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Zinc
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
JO
II
0-10
.025
___
.016
_ —
.013
.006
.020
layers
10-15
.026
.015
— —
___
.013
.006
.017
(meters)
15-20
.026
.016
— —
.013
.007
.017
20-30
_ -~-
.025
_.— .
.036
___
.014
.007
.016
30-40
__ .—
.022
— —
.044
___
___
.014
.007
.017
layers (meters)
Cruise 40-50 50-100 100-150 150-bottom
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
.023
.054
.013
.008
.019
.024
.066
— _
_-.—
.012
.009
.022
— -
.017
— _
.030
— -
___
.009
.006
.018
.Oil
.017
___
— -
.002
.042
Cruises* I-May 1-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19? 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-14, J972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, 1972; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2f 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
Il-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-109
-------
Table 4.215 Variations of Mean Measurements from
rtest to East for Zinc
(milligrams per liter)
rtest
Cruise 1-12
Station Numbers
East
!4-3b 36-59 60-78 79-105
2 ——— — —•• — ——• —>~ — —•
3___ ___ ___ ___ ___
———
D •••— -..^^ •WMM^ M*"^4U- """""*
O -~^^ •«•««•.• ••vu ^ ^— -»^—
7 .012 .018 .015 .014 .013
9 .012 .0.12 .007 .017 .009
.10 .007 .006 .009 .006 .009
II .025 .018 .018 .026 .013
4-110
-------
Table 4.21c Mass Determination - Layers and Totals for
Zinc
(metric tons)
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
Cruises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I t
0-.IO
4.2548E3
2.6999E3
4.9I35E3
2.2566E3
9.7534E2
3.4072E3
40-50
2.8077E3
_ —
6.7244E3
4.5048E3
1.6303E3
1.00^9E3
2.28D8E3
layers
10-15
2.0748E3
1.2418E3
2.1950E3
___
I.0617E3
5.202IE2
! .3P59E3
layers
50- 1 00
1. 1163E4
_ —
3.1286E4
1.7268E4
— _
5.5959E3
4.3522E3
1 . 0633E4
( meters)
15-20
2.025IE3
1 .2472E3
2.0912E3
1 .03I8E3
5.2919E2
1 .2785E3
(meters)
1 00- 1 50
5.44I8E3
9.6052E3
— _
1 .1304E4
2.7904E3
1 .9149E3
5.7656E3
20-30
3.6771E3
- —
5.2215E3
4.4787E3
_ —
2.0580E3
1.0426E3
2.3802E3
1 50-bottom
1.3381EJ
I.2995E3
— _
1.3960E3
1.3822E3
2.9510E2
5. 1634E3
30-40
3.0443E3
5.9845E3
—
5.3271E3
1.8297E3
1 .003IE3
2.2390E3
Total
3.5841E4
6.6222E4
5.6558E4
2.0I21E4
1 . 1 637E4
3.4623E4
4-111
-------
fable 4.22a
Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for pH
Cruise
0-10
layers (meters)
10-lb 15-20
20-30
30-40
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
8.31
8.53
8.67
8.69
8.69
8.44
8.09
—
8.45
8.3!
8.79
8.32
8.38
8.60
8.42
8.26
8.43
8.08
—__
8.47
8.32
8.. 64
8.37
8.31
8.55
8.19
8.03
8.42
8. 15
8.51
8.31
8.49
8.28
8.34
8.50
8. 14
7.93
8.40
8.20
___
8.46
8.30
8.43
8. 18
8.29
8.47
8.10
7.95
8.37
8.18
___
8.33
8.24
8.42
Cruise
40-50
layers (meters)
50-100 100-150
ISO-bottom
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
8. 19
8.27
d.38
8.04
7.97
8.31
8. 13
«. —
8.37
8.22
8.42
8.20
8.33
8.36
8.05
7.96
8.28
8. 15
8.42
8.21
8.45
8.14
8.29
8.35
8.05
7.95
8.30
8.15
8.40
8.21
8.53
8.10
8.55
8.38
8.06
7.85
8.46
8. 18
8.47
8. 19
8.77
Cruises' 1-May 1-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-14, 1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, 1972; 7-Nov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
1l-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-112
-------
Table 4.22b Variations of Mean Measurements from
West to East for pH
Station Numbers
rtest East
Cruise 1-12 14-35 36-59 60-78 79-105
I 8.22 8.18 8.19 8.30 8.44
2 8.36 8.38 8.34 8.75
3 8.84 8.50 8.61 8.34 8.57
4 8.38 8.31 8.35 8.33 8.39
5 8.20 8.20 8.21 8.28 8.24
6 8.49 8.48 8.47 8.41 8.16
7 8.16 8.19 8.17 7.92 8.12
9 — — — —— — -.-.— — ~™
j j _^_nr — — ""'—— —— ———
4-113
-------
Table 4.23a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Dissolved Oxygen
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
10
t!
Cruise
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0-10
10.1
13.9
12.3
J1.2
10. 0
11.4
12.4
12.9
12.8
11 .8
12.0
40-50
13.6
13.5
12.6
1 1 .0
10.2
11.4
12.5
13.1
12.8
9.3
1 1 .8
layers
10-15
1 1 .4
13.7
12.3
11.1
9.7
11.3
12.4
12.9
12.7
12.0
12.0
layers
50- 1 00
13.8
13.5
12.6
10.9
10.2
1 1 .9
12.6
12.2
12.7
10.5
11 .7
(meters)
15-20
14.1
13.5
12.4
10.8
9.2
11.4
12.4
12.6
12.9
9.9
11.7
(meters)
100-150
12.7
13.5
12.9
1 J .0
10.1
12.3
12.6
12.0
12.9
11.2
1 1 .6
20-30
14.0
13.6
12.6
10.5
9.5
11 .5
12.4
12.5
13.0
9.6
11 .7
150-bottom
11.2
13.6
12.9
11 .2
9.5
12.4
12.5
11 .9
12.7
11.1
11 .8
30-40
13.8
13.5
12.6
10.9
9.9
11.3
12.4
13.0
12.9
9.1
11.8
Cruises* 1-May J-5, 1972; 2-May 15-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, .1972; 4-Jul 10-14, 1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct 30-Nov 2, .1972; 7-Mov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
11-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-114
-------
Table 4.23b Variations of Mean Measurements from
West to East for Dissolved Oxygen
(milligrams per liter)
rtest
Cruise 1-12
Station ^
14-3S
lumbers
East
36-59 60-78 79-105
2 14.0 11.5 13.6
3 12.3 12.2 12.5 13.1 12.1
4 11.3 10.9 1.1.2 10.8 10.6
5 9.8 9.8 9.7 9.8 9.6
6 12.1 11.7 11.5 11.4 11.1
7 12.4 12.4 12.5 12.5 11.9
8 12.4 12.4 11.7 11.9 13.9
4-115
-------
Table 4.24a Variations of Mean Measurements
with Depth for Total Alkalinity
(milligrams per liter)
Cruise
0-10
layers (meters)
10-15 15-20
20-30
30-40
2.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
97.1
93.8
82.1
93.6
97.0
101 .9
95.7
96.5
84.4
94.5
97.7
101 .9
96.3
96.9
85.9
95.8
98.4
101.0
97.4
97.0
86.8
98.3
97.1
100.0
96
96
87
00
96
,7
,3
, 1
,2
,8
99.9
Cruise
40-50
layers
50- 1 00
(meters)
100-150
150-bottom
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
96.5
95.8
87.7
100.9
97.6
99.7
96.7
96.0
87.1
101 .7
99.6
100.6
96.8
95.2
88.4
J02. 1
J02.2
101 .3
97,
98,
88,
97,
104,
7
0
2
2
6
101 .6
Cruises: 1-May 1-5, 1972; 2-May lD-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-16, 1972; 4-Jul 10-14, .1972; 5-Aug 21-25, 1972;
6-Oct JO-Nov 2, 1972; 7-^ov 27-Dec 2, 1972; 8-Feb
5-9, 1973; 9-Mar 18-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
li-Jun 11-15, 1973.
4-116
-------
Table 'i.2'ib Variation of nean neasurnonts fron
t.'fist to East for Total Alkalinity
(ni 11 irraris prr 1 i ter)
Cruise
'.,'cst
1-12
Station f.'unbors
East
li»-35 36-59 60-7G 79-105
1
2 --- 90.3 95.7 97. ij 9C.7
3 05.0 Oli.C 9G.lt 92.it 97.7
l* 2G.fi 85.9 87.G PU.E 79. P
5 98.'I 99.2 98.5 93.2 93.'t
6 90.3 103.5 9G.1 9C.3 95.5
7 100.2 99.G 103.0 100.0 97.2
9
10
11
4-117
-------
rrtnrio - L'pprr 20 :'
('irtric tons)
TP
TFP
T>np
:i02-!.'j3
: . i 1 3
Tier;
TOC
sou
6102
F
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l\
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7, 32 ''3 5.7rr3 r.
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s.r'5':.', o.;\":i!i i.
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I . "' " 7 " " ' " 7 "! .
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1071
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7303
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2 5 " f
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12 r5
7'; n'i
00 r s
50 rr
37T7
7 L; r f.
33r2
2 C r '4
35r3
1 1 r i
ir-23
73
0
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r s :: 3
r 0 '1 3
if "3
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2 ' " '
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3 . r i) r .'•. 3 . r 7 0 '; 3 . 2 £ F U
5.13T5 S.SO^.f. 5.3CT5
ir.n.rr !;.i;2rr t,.f.:rr-
1.31-7 1.31T7 l.POr?
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1 _ r , r r 1 . " J ' r
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4-118
-------
TaMo 't.2G Lake Ontario - ("henlcal Total ('.ass Peternlnatlon
TP
TFP
pop
f. '02 -MO 3
1:113
TICf!
TOC
son
5i02
F
K
f.'a
Ca
i'.c
t'.n
Fe
Zn
0!
T"
TFP
pop
!!02-ri03
fill 3
TKt!
TOP
SOlt
f.102
F
K
l.n
Cr.
i:':
FP
Zn
111
Cr!
Cay 1-5
1972
Cr. 1
i.r.grji
1 . 9 fi r. '}
2.G1E3
8.5815
_--
4 .15F.C
1.5'tF.r
0.35 Hi
2 .'fSFIT
2.1517
C .1817
1.27E7
•*— —
!!ov 27-^flc 2
1972
rr . 7
3.79H,
1.311/t
c.nir'
3.2215
1 . G 2 F. 't
1 . C
-------
.Tst- \.rut sc-p.ncnts indicate-! on tho nap.
-N-
10
ro
o
HAMILTON
Fh;ure l*.l Hap for Ei:st-V,'ost Chcuical Variations in Lake Ontario
-------
ro
10
HAMILTON
• Lake stations
Fir.ure i».2 Map for f.'orth-South fhenical Variatins in Lake Ontario
-------
ro
ro
-N-
n f f sl'<>ro
10 0 10 20 30 ml-
D
TORONTO
HAMILTON
• Loko stntlons
Fi;;uro it, 3 Mr>p for flidtllr l.nUe-Off shore rhonical Variations in lake Ontario
-------
100.0-1-
.0- -
•0.0'
70.0- -
.0- -
30.0- -
1.0- -
30.0.
20.0-
10.0- -
TOTAL PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .011
MEAN : .011
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 204-
.003
mg/l
100.0-r
S0.0- -
80.0'
70.0--
30.0- -
+0.0- -
30.0--
t
.013
I
.023
,033
I
.044
.093
.0,*
Figure 4.4a Histograms for Total Phosphate
Cruise 1
TOTAL PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .013
MEAN : .014-
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 124-
.010
Figure 4.4a Histograms for Total Phosphate -
Cruise 2
20.0-
10.0-
1 1 1 1 1 1 "-g/1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
.003 .013 .023 .033 .044 .033 .003 .073 .083 .083
4-123
-------
Percent
Percent
c ^
L/l O
n i i i i i i — i i — i — i — i — i — i — i — i — i — i — i
5-
i- Hrnrno
10 >r
w nrj -- -9
8 com -d
<. . T
•• -L
O
3-- U)
0- U
T ~n§) X
• j— • • ^>
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MfTl
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u
.
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(~"
s
3"
8-
u
r
t
i — i
~
p*
m
I-
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t r
CD
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?5 6
£T to
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n> m
T .
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v) U
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o
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u *—
s 3
i-
5
•
r
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2W3ZH
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LO >r
1 * ^J C7 " Z
-H < -X
0
^ 12
Q- TJ
"7 TS X
i-. >
- S
s
Q
00
-~^
-------
Percent
F»Mtt*undH
• 2- 1~^ ^^
^ >r
fj3 1"^ ** *?
»-*rn ~ti
< "X
^ ^+, «•*••
O
r w
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%
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p.Mll*lk||UftBtt
• «5£«S«5l8
_ — ^
r» (H °
•" - •' i o. a» 2
J ^r- 3 *
ro
' fl . *
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r
-------
100.0-T-
e0.0--
80.0--
70.0-
.0--
30.0--
40.0-
30.0--
20.0.
10.0~~
TOTAL PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .026
MEAN : .025
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 209
.007
mg/l
100.0-r-
S0.0--
80.0-
70.0--
e0.0--
S0.0--
40.0--
30.0-
Z0.0--
10.0--
.0
I
.013
I
.029
I
.033
I
.0*3
.033
t
.009
I
.079
Figure 4.4a Histograms for Total Phosphate -
Cruise 7
TOTAL PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .017
MEAN : .017
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 125
.004-
mg/l
1
.003
.013
1
.023
I
.033
.043
1
.033
I
.009
I 1
.073 .083
Figure 4.4a Histograms for Total Phosphate -
Cruise 8
4-126
-------
100.0-r-
80.0*
B0.0-
70.
80.0-
30.0- -
+0.0- -
30.0-
20.0- -
10.0- -
TOTAL PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .018
MEAN : .018
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 125
.005
-------
100.0-T-
B0.0-
80.0- -
70.0- -
.0--
S0.0--
*0.0-
TOTAL PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .018
MEAN : .019
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 320
.008
30.0--
10.0-
mg/l
1
.90S
.033 .083 .073 .983 .083
t r i
.013 .023 .033
Figure 4.4a Histograms for Total Phosphate
Cruise 11
4-128
-------
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I
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
t
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i
3
I
I
I
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4
4 1 4 1 4 3 4
-------
CO
o
! MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
0.04 MG/L
0.07
+ + *+ QCCCCOOCC €€€€€€666 BlISEiJSH
ccccccccc 6feeee€€«
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+ + +!. .<
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44
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< 4 V. +/4 + + 4+ + + + + + + t*4 + 4-'OCC
4/1 74 44
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COOCC>iCCCCOOOOOCCGO)66 I
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-------
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CO
I
I
T
I
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I
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MINIMUM 0.0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 MG/L
MAXIMUM 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.07
*****+**+ cccccocco eeeeeeeee asittttat
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***+**+**+« cccccccocoocc+ccceeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeccoooocco**********
eCCCCOCOC****»******* + *******««*******»** + *******»****» + »CCCC£€'5»>8CCOCOC****»«»
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-------
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MG/L
MAXIMUM 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.07
H.++++,.,. occccooco eeeeeeeee iiiiznii
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4 + »*- + -f+CCCOCCC**--n-**+ + *<-* + CJCCCCCCCCCOOOOUO*»*..<*+.............* + + + + + **•» + + +
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Figure 4.4b Contours of Constant Surface Total Phosphate
Cruise Number 7: November 27, 1972 to December 2, 1972
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Figure 4.4b Contours of Constant Surface Total Phosphate
Cruise Number 8: February 5, 1973 to February 9, 1973
-------
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
4-135
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Figure 4.4b Contours of Constant Surface Total Phosphate
Cruise Number 11: June 11, 1973 to June 15, 1973
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1973
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Figure k.kd Uorth-south variation of total phosphate
M
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Figure k.ke Middle Lake-Offshore Variation of Wean Total Phosphate Concentration
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1973
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Figure 4.4f Mean surface variation of Total Phosphate concentration during the field year.
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Moan Bottom Variations of Total Phosphate Concentration
Durinr, the Field Year
M
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80.0-
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70.0--
80.0--
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TOTAL FI1TERAB1E PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .001
MEAN : .010
STD. DEV. OF X : .004-
N : 174-
.0--
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mg/l
I
.003
.008
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1
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Figure 4.5a Histograms for Total Filterable Phosphate
Cruise 1
100. 0-T-
B0.0-
80.0-
70.0-
00.0'
S0.0-
TOTAL FILTERABLE PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .008
MEAN : .008
STD. DEV. OF X : .004-
N : 230
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Figure 4.5a Histograms for Total Filterable Phosphate
Cruise 2
4-144
-------
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70.0-
TOTAL FILTERABLE PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .007
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N : 4-14-
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Figure 4.5a Histograms for Total Filterable Phosphate -
Cruise 3
100.0-r
00.0* -
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TOTAL FILTERABLE PHOSPHATE
MEDIAN : .010
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N : 4-36
.037
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Cruise 4
f
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Figure 4.5a Histograms for Total Filterable Phosphate -
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CRUTS"
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NUMBER 11: JUNE 11, 1973 TO JIA'- 15, 1973
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Concentrat ion
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Cruise 1
100.0-r
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Concentration
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field year.
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During the Field Year
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NITRITE-NITRATE
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r
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1.7|
'00 1.800
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MEDIAN : .200
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Figure 4.7a Histograms for Nitrite-Nitrate - Cruise 10
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SY"AP
Figure 4.8b Contours of Constant Surface Anmonia
CRUISF NUMBER 11: JUNE 11, 1973 TO JUNE 15, 1973
-------
MG/L
MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
0.00
0.01
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Figure i».8c Depth Versus Time Contours of Ammonia
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Figure U.8e Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Ammonia Concentration
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Figure 4.8f Mean surface variation of ammonia concentration during the field year.
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F igure k,8g
Rotton Variation of Ammonia Concentration
Turing the Field Year
M
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S0.0-
•0.0-
70.0--
9.0--
S 50.0--
TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .165
MEAN : .168
STD. DEV. OF X : .057
N : 256
30.0--
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mg/l
.0XS
LM.0-
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80.0--
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X 90.0-
*0.0--
Figure 4.9a Histograms for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen -
Cruise 2
TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .175
MEAN : .173
STD. DEV. OF X : .04-4-
N : 4-4-4-
30.0--
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Figure 4.9a Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen - Cruise 3
4-224
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80.0-
70.0-
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o 80.0- -
+0.0- -
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TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .214-
MEAN : .230
STD. DEV. OF X : .121
N : 34-6
mg/l
t
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t
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Figure 4.9a
.ces
r
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Histograms for Total Kjeldahl Hitrogen -.
Cruise 4
TOTAL
Kean . 190
Std. Dev. of X
N 372
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5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1(0 l|5 50
Figure it.Oa Histograms for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen -
Crui se 5
4-Z25
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.0. -
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TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .160
MEAN : .162
STD. DEV. OF X : .084-
N : 378
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Figure 4.9a Histograms for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen -
Cruise 6
TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .093
MEAN : .103
STD. DEV. OF X : .04-5
N : 278
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Figure 4.9a Histograms for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen -
Cruise 7
4-226
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TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : - 122
MEAN : .099
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Cruise 8
100.0-r-
B0-0-
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u S0.0--
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TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .105
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STD. DEV. OF X : .04-0
N : 84-
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.Figure 4.9a Histograms for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen -
Cruise 9
4-227
-------
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.0- -
TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .083
MEAN : .082
STD. DEV. OF X : .027
N : 154-
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.0- -
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.0- -
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Cruise 10
UB0.0-I-
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TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : . 14-1
MEAN : .139
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30.0- -
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Cruise 11
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CPU'S" NUMBFF 6: OCTOBER 30, 1972 TO NOVEMBER 3, 1972
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CROISF NUMBER II* JUNE 11, 1973 TO JUNE 15, 1973
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Figure i».9c Depth Versus Time Contours of Constant Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
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field year.
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During the Field Year
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100.0-T-
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100.0 -r-
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4-246
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4-247
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TOTAL OROANIQ CARBON
Mean 3.61
Std. Dev. of X 1.02
N 155
n
123
Figure l(.12a Histograms for Total Organic Carbon -
Cruise 5
.0-T-
80.0--
70.0- -
B0.9- -
30.0--
*0.0- -
30.0- -
20.0- -
10.0- -
TOTAL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .4-4-0
MEAN : . 4-76
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 228
.239
-1__
1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
.V00 .300 .900 .700 .800 1.100 1.300 1.300 1.700 1.800
Figure 4.11a Histograms for Total Nitrogen - Cruise 4
4-255
-------
100.0-1-
.9- -
80.0- -
70.0- -
.0- -
90.0- -
+0.0
TOTAL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .350
MEAN : .357
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 34-4-
. 115
90.0-
»
20.0-
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Figure 4.1 la Histograms for Total Nitrogen - Cruise 6
100.0-1-
.0--
70.0- -
80.0- -
90.0- -
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30.0- -
20.0- -
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TOTAL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .270
MEAN : •273
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 277
.071
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.0
1 I
.100 .300
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Figure 4.11a Histograms for Total Nitrogen - Cruise 7
4-256
-------
.0-1-
80.0'
80.0- -
70.0- -
80.0^
o 30.0- -
*0.0- -
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TOTAL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .360
MEAN : .369
STD. DEV. OF X :
N r*-i 57
.036
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.100 .900
.700
.800 1.100 1.300 1.300 1.700 I.'
Figure 4.11a Histograms for Total Nitrogen - Cruise 8
100.0-1-
80.0- -
80.0- -
70.0- -
TOTAL NITROGEN
MEDIAN : .380
MEAN : .392
STD. DEV. OF X :
N- : 80
.069
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Figure 4.11a Histograms for Total Nitrogen - Cruise 9
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Mean 3.61
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N 155
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Figure i).12a Histograms for Total Organic Carbon -
Cruise 5
100.0-1-
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MEDIAN : 3.320
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N : 101
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Figure 4.12a Histograms for Total Organic Carbon -
Cruise 6
4-266
-------
I
e0.0-|-
80.04-
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i
70.0-4-
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
MEDIAN : 1.738
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STD. DEV. OF X : 1.0B9
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Cruise 8
E0.0--
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GJ.0- -
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TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
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4-Z67
-------
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Cruise 10
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Cruise 11
4-268
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CRUISE NUMBER 4: JLLY 10, 1972 TC JULY 14, 1S72
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L1' I
Cl'T
I/OH
-------
ro
10 T
9 "
8 ••
7 '
5 '
C5
2 •
1 '
North
Central
South
M J JAS 0 N D J F
1972 1973
Figure U .12ci North-south variation of total organic carbon
M
MJ
-------
ro
00
o
10
8
7
6 •
tc
E
Middle
Offshore
M J
1972
SO
ND
JF
1973
M
M
Figure k.l2e Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Total Organic Carbon
Concentration
-------
5,0 T
I
ro
CO
3,5
3.0
2.5 f
,4
a 2.0
1.5 4
1.0
.5
i • i-
•*•
•*•
•*•
M J
1972
0
N D J F M
1973
M
Figure A.12f Mean surface variation of Total Organic Carbon concentration during the field
year.
-------
I
IN3
CD
ro
10
tc
E
3
2 •
1 •
M
M
MJJASONDJF
1972 1973
Figure U*12g Mean Bottom Variation of Total Organic Carbon Concentration
During the Field Year
-------
f
N —
.
s
»•
W-*
-n
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5 >l-
5 a
.& ^
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. ^ I—I I—I
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Percent
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.
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.
g
.
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g
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• ^^££B«^£
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, < 01
=1
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s
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-------
100.0-1-
.0- -
.0- -
70.0- -
.0- -
30.0- -
20.0- -
10.0- -
SILICA
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N : 185
.4-05
.4-4-0
OF X :
.310
mg/l
1
.230
1.&90 1.730 2.230 a. 730 a. 230 3.790 *.230 4..790
Figure 4.13a Histograms for Silica - Cruise 7
100.0
80.0'
80.0--
70.0'
20.0
10.0--
SILICA
MEDIAN :
MEAN :
STD. DEV.
N :
.699
. 70S
OF X :
. IBS
mg/l
I
.230
.730 1.Z30 1.730 S.E30 8.730 3.230 3.730 + .830 4..7S0
Figure 4.13a Histograms for Silica - Cruise 8
4-286
-------
Percent
Percent
I
S" -.
.
K~
8_
rt
n
r
N
•4—
K
u
M-
U
r
*
M-
i!
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r
i 1^ h L I 1 1 I I I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1
1 1 V 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 — i
8
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oom S"
^^ -Tl
* ^ .
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^-x "" If
O • *• *
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3
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xcnm
-Is-
i—
i—
(J
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CO
-------
Percent
« B
I I I I I I I
B B B B B B
! i i I I ! II I I I
r
-imS^
Hcnm*-1
••dJ>dr
• Z MM
M >O
OOd-Z>
Mm
o
ro
-------
1 a —
I
I
I
I
4
I
I
\
1
I
I
I
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I
!
•£-> *
K I'
oo r
I
5
I
I .
+ .
i
i
i
s
T
I
I
I
I
I
— » 1 * j » 3 «. 4 + 5 -+ 1 — — * 7 * B + 9 » 1 * *•"
MINIMUM 0.0 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 G/,
MAXIMUM 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 ilu/L
+#+.*+*** CCCCCCCCO CC6€€€€€€ 111111*11
4**»+»*»« cccccocco eceeee€€€ inaisiii
SYMPCLS ,..«.... *+***»**+ cccc*cccc etee»ee€€ iau>xiu
»*» + f^*t* CLCCCCCCC teeeecee€ ixiimii
*.***»*»* ccccccccc ttceeefi€€ 111x11111
FCcC. IB 6 1 « 0 ^ ^^
* SAILING STAHON
* \ * •> * -\ * 4 ^ ^5 + -fc + ? * 8 * 9- + I -* 1
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
..... i
. .....i
.... i
.... i
t
3
j
1
I
I
*
I
t
I
I
4
I
I
I
1
*
I
I
— t •
SYHAC
Figure 4."13b Contours of Constant Silica Concentration
Cruise Number 1: May 1, 1972 to May 5, 1972
-------
-p.
i
MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
0.0
0.50
0.50
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.50
2.00
2.00
2.50
MG/L
OCUCCJOCU
IIIIIIIII
occccoccc ffteeeeee iniiiiii
cccc*cccc
occccoccc
1111*1111
iniiiiii
ccccccccc teeeeeeee iniiiiii
4+ 4 + *»•+++•».
I
2
1
I
I
I
I
+
I
«« I
»*»!
+ I
2
I
I
I
I
* SAMPLING STATION
SVMAP
Figure 4.13b Contours of Constant Silica Concentration
Cruise Number 2: May 15, 1972 to May 19, 1972
*i
!l
-------
ro
MINIMUM 0.0 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00
MAXIMUM 0.50 1.00 1-50 ^.UU ^.ou
*"*~*"~*~ + i*i«. + «.»» OCCCOOOCO €€€€€eee€ IIIIIIIII
«»,*.*»«« OtCCCOOOO €€€<€€€*€ IIIIIIIII •
......... ^+ + >tttt cccc*oocc eeee*ea€€ 1111*1111
"I!.!!!! «*»»»**«* ococcooco teeeeeeee iiimiii
II"I"'.i «»»»t4»»* occccooco teeeeeert
•rstsrsK^ss'sssss^********5""*"***" ~
5? 2 C C
PSFC.
.*......*.
.*......»
* SAMPLING STATION
• ---- « ---- ) ---- , ---- 2 ---- » ---- 3 ---- «. ---- 1, ---- + ---- 5 ---- « ---- 6 ---- < --- 7 ---- » ---- 8 ---- * --- 9 ---- 1 ---- A ---- » ---- 1 ---- 4 ---
STH4P
Figure 4.13b Cqntours of Constant Silica Concentration
Cruise Number 3: June 12, 1972 to June 16, 1972
-------
I
ro
ro
MINIMUM 0.0 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00,G/L
MAXIMUM 0.50 1.00 1.50 Z.OU t.*>
occccoccc teeeeeeet » JIM"
cccc«cccc eeee«ee€t «»i»«m»i
occcccccc €teeee£«e """"•
ccctcocco «eeee«€tt
F^FC.
44
«44«
«»»»<<«»*»»»+
12
.»»+»* +*t*»
44»CCCC
,occccco
0 * * + 4 .
cooo*«*».
,4CGCCCCCCC
,jcoo»ococoo
• OCOCOC'JQOO
.»*co*o*«*.
•JOJOOOCOO
• tco
+ ***+*+**+*+
•44«4<«4.
*0000 0*4-
* SAILING STATION
Figure 4.13b Contours of Constant Silica Concentration
Cruise Number 4: July 10, 1972 to July 14, 1972
-------
-f*
I\5
CO
MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
SVCEOLS
0.0
0.50
0.50
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.50
2.00
2.00
2.50 nu/L
ccccoooco eeeeeeeee iniiiiii
cccccccco f£eeee«6€ minim
OCCC*CCCC ee€t)*e6€€ XIII-11II
occccoccc feeeeesee iniiiiii
CCCCCCCCO €«€tjeet€€ '(IIIIIIll
2o
€€6€6e900+ «••«.. ....... * ..... .*.
eti'ineeeeeeeooo* *«»*.«*«*+»»....»
...tCCCC".
».«»
....«...»«-cc9eeef€€<€€€€eeccc»
tn-CC-5e6666 68886*6000*
ttOOCC«Cte«o€€€9SeO»«
**CCCCC«+
.*.......••.4»**4»t 4444444*4*.
..44*44444 + 4*4444-4+..
....*444*44*444»»*4»
* SAMPLING STATION
Figure 4,13b Contours of Constant Silica Concentration
Cruise Number 5: August 21, 1972 to August 25, 1972
-------
4i
ro
vo
• « 1 * —
MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
SYMBOLS
F?rc.
•e
Itlltj
C€€li«««
**CCS6fl«flrt
44444CCCOCOC
— 2 * 3 * <, * -a * < * / * a * 1 » 1 » 1 » «
I
0.0 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 R/, }
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 nb/L ; [
««««»r, ,«.».,.««=««•«».«««««»««««..««...««««.» 0000 I
8 19 <• 1 1 +»OCCCCOOOOO+ I
..4*00<000004444 {
....4*CCC004*«**« 4
03* + * *+ + + + ++ + + + + * » + 0 000 + + + + + + + *+ + + +«•*<** + .......„.. » + t+ + OOCQC+ + + + +...*...***+COCO + +***+ *I
..**»
* 1 * —
444 . I
1
I
1
1
I
t
* SAMPLING STATION ' I
I
I
— 2 * 1 * 1, + 5 » 6 + 7 » 6 + 9 » 1 + 1 * *
Figure 4.13b Contours of Constant Silica Concentration
Cruise Number 6: October 30, 1972 to November 3, 1972
-------
I
ro
tn
MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
SVFOLS
0.0
0.50
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.00
2.50
1.00
1.50
OUCCOJOCO
ccccccoco
OCCC'OCCC
occccccco tteteeeot
oocccuooo eeeeeeeet IIIIIKIII
x * c * - * * =
15
4444.
+ 4 « « « * 4 4 » * « •« .
+ 44444«444 «+44 .
.44444* 4444444444.
«ooc»
..».*.
SAMPLING STATION
Figure 4.13b Contours of Constant Silica Concentration
Cruise Number 7: November 27, 1972 to December 2, 1972
-------
* »-- — 1 + — --2
t
!
{ MINIMUM 0.0
; MAXIMUM 0.50
i
i
i
*
i
i
i
i
2
I
I *
I *+
I .4.44
I + *««,
I
I
4
1
t
t
I
4
I
I
. « 1 * ?
I
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 HG/L j
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 }
44*4444*4 OCCCOOOCO 6€€€€6€€€ 11II1IIH t
' 4»»»t4.4.44 occccooco eeeeeeeei AIIIHIIII • -^ t
ie c c o ,„;;:: 4 j
.4444**.»4»4»»». I
+ 44»4»**4*4»**«4 + +»»* + «44+**4t4 + *4-l> + + 4*t + ** + + 4 4***4*+*t*****4**+*+* 2
+.444+««4 + 1+ + *+4 + *+ + 4*4+t + +44+4 + + ***4 + 4 + + + +4 + + 4 + 444+4 + + 44+*4 + 4+4* + + 4»+++4 + 4-+4 I
444 * •4+44*4444*4 + 4- +++ •*
+ .1
t
I
I
* SAMPLING STATION I
j
i
_4 3 4 4 + 5 + 6 » 7 + 8 » 9 + I + 1 + *
Figure 4.13b Contours of Constant Silica Concentration
Cruise fiumber 8: February 5, 1973 to Febraury 9, 1973
-------
—» 1—
MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
0.0
0.50
0.50
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.50
2.00
2-°° HP/I
2.50 MG/L
<»*•••••• OOOOCdOCO «tee«6t«€ Illllim
«....,».« occcccccc tt«eee€6« • muni
"" ««««•«»** occc*cctc *tee»eett 1111*1111
.I:.. ».,«,»» CCCCCCOCO tt£t€CC€< 111111111
... «««<»<»4« crccccccc
12
»•<««««««»««»«««»»««»*+*...........
»»»«»«««•««»»»»«»»•*«*»«...«.....»..
•««««»««*•»«»».
«*««»
* SAMPLING STATION
i:
i
I:
I
4
I
I
I
I
*
I
I
-*
CTt
CM
Figure 4.13b Contours o£ Constant Silica Concentration
Cruise Number 9: March 18, 1973 to March 23, 1973
-------
.MINIMUM
'MAXIMUM
0.0
0.50
0.50
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.50
2.00
2-°° Mr/i
2.50 MG/L
ro
VD
CO
SVKECLS
FSFC.
4»44 OOOOOJOCO €6€€EE6€€ IIIIISIII
«»44 ccccccccc eeee«eet« iiiiiini
4444 cccc«occc £tee*eee€ iili*nii
4444 cccccocco t«eeeE€€€ iiiiiini
4444 occrcoccc «eeeee«6< iiiiiuii
18
16
...•• + * + + + »» + * + + + » »»*»»
.***«**»++«»»+»+*»»«»+»»»*
44** + 4.. .• .
* SAMPLING STATION
7 « 9 4 9 «. 1 + 1 «
-•
t
I
I
1
4-
I
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
4
I
1
.1
I
2
I
I
I
I
4
I
1
I
I
3
I
I
I
I
«
I
I
I
I
*
I
I
I
I
*
I
I
>-•
SVMAF
Figure 4.13b Contours of Constant Silica Concentration
Cruise Number 10: .April 24, 1973 to April 30, 1973
-------
-1 » ?-
-7 « e » •» » 1 + 1-
ro
HIM!»IIV O.C 0.50 l.CC 1.50 2.0C MG/L
"iXlfll" n.'sG 1.00 1.5C i.OC I. EC
SYMFCLS
FhFC.
«*<»*»»»» OCOCCJOCO
»»f.*«>»» oocc::)cco
*«««*«»»» OCCC»JCCC
»•»»»«,,. cccccjcco
Illllllll
iiiiitin
AIIIHIII
iiiiinii
«*
» * + »
27
10
.*»•
**»cocccc»«».
f »CCCCCCCC«*.
»»«ccccccc*».
* SAMPLING STATION
-t <, «-
4.13b Contours o£ Constant Silica Concentration
NU»e£f. H: M\.i 11, 1973 1C JUNE 15, 1973
-------
MINIMUM 0.11 O.iB 0.45 0.01 0.7o
Mi-XIVUM 0.2b O.'+l? 0.61 °'78__ _ °
STATION " = = = "== = = =="4=rn4=+n4"oOOOOjOOO=6e8666999"«l««a*il«l"
4-+++ +++ + + OOOOOOOOO 669b6H«96 «*••••••«
SYMB'M S ....*.... ++++*++++ OGOO*OOUO 699t?*6989 «••«*••••
-(•••*• 69 GOuooG-uoG 6698-8ea6t-'9Ha6ee66ettdeea86bdd9998ee89e OOOCJGGGOOOJG 68e-)e669e6eeb OGOOOGGGGOJUGOGJOOOOJJ + 4- +++++++^
i•*•»»• GCGOCOJOGGO 969996669969999^6436966666909996969996 OGOOOOOOOOOOG 9669666969666 OuOGGOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOG
!••»••** *GGOJ )J*0J 4366*tit3T:lf titJrieie6*96669-669699a-eH99d9*btjb 00*0000000000 9666666*68996 OOGO*GGOuOOOO*OGOOOOO
,••••••• 9 O.H1G T3666e6€tJt39d3T9869rib6dfe'T39T;-€99966'9ri99666 OOOOO JO JOOOOO 988d8o3869b98 oGOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
*GJu T!d*6666tj9-'-6€6':)^'3t!*|69*966fl9666ti'39«96Ti996*896 GG*GOJuJGGOJ 696899oa'*896d 00000*00000000*000000
sj d x.gg-j^^Q^^^^^^^yQ^^ tj*j,:)4-.g434.ij^..,,.,^yyrl3*a^ 000*00000300 696669969-?96969 0000*00000000*0000000
1*0 0# ^y | * ^QQ^^^gtj^^^^^y^* jg ^^^^^^^..(^...(^QQri*^^ 001^*000000000 99669989*866968 000*00000000* OOOOO
• » 6699 0 G G e66666-3t(6btih666o 66b969t)8 OOOcOOOOOOOCOOO 88899999698669 000000000 968 00
I*> 6* (/J +*+ 9'cd*6e96tl6-o999"!9666f)e96ti ^G 1000(JO-'OOOOGO*COOOOOOOOG 9898986*988669 000*00000 69*69868 00 * i
I •••• 9 O.Jo + + + +4- •3«366e669'39b99o9e6fl9t3d-b 0J jOOOUOGOOCOO 00 69696899999699 GOJOGOOOO 96869966 000000000000-
I * * 9 *0()0 + + V4-4- () 9->c)tidt6-e-3ti€r)*969999699 00JOOOCiG*"JOOO +*4 + + +4-+ + 4- 0 6969699*999689 OOG*0000 669*668666 00000*00000.
{ 0 0 OOUOO 4-4- + 4-4- C 6966-3««-8tJt)T3'36999899a9 000JOOOOOOUUGO + + + + ++4-+ + ++ 699999699999660 00000000 9968696668 OOOOOOOGOOC."
• 4 ..*. *000 r + * + + 0 tr.-969bb6d-bo9*69ttH96-d69 OGOOOJJO'" GO + + *+ +++++ + + + 86669969*999999 OOG*OJOG 999*9966666 * 01
.4. 4- 00 + + + + 4-4- 0 99696696oe9o9-l96»d966
-------
7/
?-307
-------
CO
o
IN3
1.0 T
.9
.8 ••
.7"
.6"
.5 ••
M
E
.3"
.2 '•
.1"
Middle
Offshore
M J
1972
0
J F
1973
M
M
Figure t».13e Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Silica Concentration
-------
I
GO
O
CO
1.0
,9
.8
.7
.5 -
.3
.2
.1
- - - Shiomi & Chawla
IFYGL
S - . -
M
1972
JJ ASO NDJ FM AM
1973
Figure 4.13f Mean surface variation of Silica concentration during the field year.
-------
o
-t=>
1.0
.9
.7
.0 •
.5
.2 •
.1
Shlomi & Chaw la
IFYGL
M J
1972
Figure k.
0
N D
J F
1973
Mean Bottom Variation of Silica Concentration
During the Field Year
M
M
-------
U».0-r-
60.0
80.0-
70.0--
8 50,0--
*0.0'
30.0--
20.0--
10.0--
9ODIUM
MEDIAN : 12-710
MEAN : 12.8B8
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 38
.280
mg/l
I I I
1.00 3.00 S.I
I I I I f I I
7.00 8.00 11.00 13.00 19.00 17.00 18.00
Figure 4.14a Histograms fpr Sodium - Cruise 1
100.0
J.0- -
70.0- -
P 30.0--
.0- -
30.0- -
20.0--
SODIUM
MEDIAN : 12.630
MEAN : 12.791
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 183
.837
mg/l
i i i i i r i i i i
1.00 3.00 S.00 7.00 8.00 11.00 13.00 13.00 17.00 18.00
Figure 4.14a Histograms for Sodium - Cruise 2
4-305
-------
Percent
Percent
«
i"
u
§"
tl
8"
•o
§"
ffl
8"
r-
§"
r*
§
5
i
r"
Nl
§"
ffi
i"
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
-ill! i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
8"
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4 + 4444+ + + +4+4+44444
44 444444 + 4 444 + 4+44 I
+ +44+4 + + + + + 44+444- + I
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+++++++ 4+4 44 4444+ I
. ++++++++++++444+ I
I
r
I
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T
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t
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1072
1973
Contours of Constant Potassium
-------
5 T
3 ••
CO
CO
2 ••
1 ••
north
Central
South
M J
1972
A
n
J F
1973
M
M
Figure U.lSd North-south variation of potassi
un
-------
5.0T
U.5 -
Middle
Offshore
I
co
.0 -•
3.5 -
3.0 •
2.5 '
2.0 -•
1.5 ••
i.o ••
.5 ••
M J
1972
N D J F
1973
M
M
Figure ^.
Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Potassium Concentration
-------
5.0
-C.
i
OJ
d.O
3.5
3.0.
•J
Is
2.5'
2.0
1.5
1.0
M JJ A S 0 ND JFM
1972 1973
M
Figure A.15f Mean surface variation of Potassium concentration during the field year.
-------
5.0 T
.5 ••
k.O ..
3.5 -.
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I
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1972
Figure
0
N
D
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197.3
M
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Mean Bottom Variation of Potassium Concentration
During the Field Year
-------
UM.0-T-
80.0- -
.9- -
70. e-
.e~ -
s0.0-
30.0--
20.0- -
10.0-
• 0
CALCIUM
MEDIAN : 37.4-70
MEAN : 37.3B3
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 38
971
mg/l
I I I I I I I lit
3.00 8.00 13.00 21.00 27.00 33.00 38.00 4.3.00 SI .00 37.*
Figure 4.16a histograms for Calcium - Cruise 1
100.0-r
.0- -
80.0- -
70.0--
80,0~-
Z0.0- -
CALCIUM
MEDIAN : 4-2.000
MEAN : 4-1 . 109
STD. DEV. OF X : 3.828
N : 186
+0.0--
30.0--
,04-
10.0--
.fTl
1
rl
mg/l
i t r r r i i i i
a.00 IS. 00 21.00 27. t* 33.00 38.00 44.00 31.00 37.00
Figure 4.16a Histograms for Calcium - Cruise 2
-------
9.0- -
70.0- -
80.0-
CALCIUM
MEDIAN : 39.84-0
MEAN : 39.4-12
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 92
2.718
S S0.0--
4«.0- -
30.0-
.0--
10.0- -
tng/1
3.«0
t i i r t i i t i
a.00 IS.00 SI.00 27,00 33.00 38.00 44.00 SI.00 37.00
100. 0-r
.0- -
70.0- -
if 50.0--
40.0*
Figure 4.16a Histograms for Calcium - Cruise 3
CALCIUM
MEDIAN : 38.100
MEAN : 38 . 14-0
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 111
3.357
30.0--
20.0--
10.0- -
.0
mg/1
—i i i r t i it i i
3.00 B.00 IS.00 21.00 27.00 33.00 3S.00 4.S.00 SI .00 87.
Figure 4.16a Histograms for Calcium - Cruise 4
4-344
-------
OALoiun
Mean 37,9
Std. Dev. of X U.U7
N 12S
n
n
mg/l
6 IT 18 21t 30 56
Figure U.16a Histograms for Calcium -
Cruise 5
5Ti60
70.
CALCIUM
MEDIAN : 37.260
MEAN : 37 . 4-7 1
STD. DEV. OF X :
N : 130
1.970
3.4
a.MI
mg/.l»
Figure 4.16a Histograms for Calctum - Cruise 6
4-345
-------
Percent
Percent
88*88*888
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CALCIUM
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251
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9.00 a1.00 IS.'M SI.'M S7.'«0 aa.'** OB.'M «S.M si.
Figure 4.16a Histograms for Calcium - Cruise 9
.0- -
.0- -
CALCIUM
MEDIAN : 37.890
MEAN : 35.14-9
STD. DEV. OF X : 9.798
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rag/1
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Figure 4.16a Histograms for Calcium - Cruise 11
4-347
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Figure 4.16b Contours of Constant Surface Calcium
< 2: iv, y 15, : ',12 T._ y-y ir,
-------
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1-? 4: Jl'LY 1J. 1^72 Ti JuLY 14,
-------
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b: Mr.UST Zl , 1S72 Tr
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Figure i».16e Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Calcium Concentration
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1972 1973
Figure U.16g Mean Bottom Variation of Calcium Concentration
Purina the Field Year
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Figure i».21a Histograms for Iron -
Cruise 5
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MEAN :
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N : 52
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Cruise 3
4-424
-------
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Figure 4.21 a Histograms for Iron -
Cruise 7
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Figure 4.21a Histograms for Iron
Cruise 8
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Figure 4.21a Histograms for Iron -
Cruise 10
4-426
-------
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Cruise 11
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Cruise 10
4-443
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Figure U.2«*e Middle Lake-Offshore Variation of Mean pH
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1973
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During the Field Year
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STD. DEV. OF X :
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Cruise 1
.0-r
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a0.0- -
70.0- -
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MEDIAN : 13.830
MEAN : 13.779
STD. DEV. OF X :
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Figure 4.25a Histograms for Dissolved Oxygen -
Cruise 2
4-469
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MEDIAN : 12.550
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Cruise 4
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MEDIAN : 12.500
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I I I
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CRUI.1E NUMBER 7: NOVEMBER 27, 1972 TO DECEMBER 2, 1972
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ALKALINITY
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MEAN : 95.352
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TOTAL. ALKALINITY
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0 13 37 8 0
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I
I
>• ---- + ---- l ---- f ---- ? ---- <- ---- j ---- + ---- ^ ---- + ---- ;, ---- 1- ---- 6 ---- + ---- 7 ---- + ---- o ---- + ---- 9 ---- + ---- 1 ---- *• ---- 1
+ --- *
Figure 4.26b Contours of Constant Surface Total Alkalinity
-------
?if.T '?
-C, ll Z1M
-I'.v »A
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NOI1V1S DNIIdWVS •
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-------
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in
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2
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O
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Ob t«i
CD O -> +-><-« t-> *
-------
•p.
UD
200
180
IkO
120 '
100 '
o
2 80 t
bO
20 '
North
Central
South
M J
1972
JAS 0 N
Figure ^.2Gd North-south variation of total alkalinity
DJ F
1973
M
M
-------
bC
E
200
180 -
160 -
11*0 -
120 ••
100 '
80 •
GO •
20 ••
Middle
Offshore
M J J
1972
0 N
D J F
1973
M
M
Figure I*. 2 6e Middle Lake-Offshore Variations of Mean Total Alkalinity Concentration
-------
I
-P*
<-D
CO
200 T
180 -.
160 ..
120 ••
t-100 ••
80 ••
GO ••
20 ••
M
1972
I I
« ' t
0 N
i
J
1973
M
M
Figure 4.26f Mean surface variation of Total Alkalinity during the field year.
-------
200
180
160
120
C
o
-------
-------
Chapter 5
5.1 Derivation of chemical mass balance
Based on the chemical concentration data collected on the II
materials balance cruises, monthly average rates of chemical
accumulation have been determined for total phosphate (TP),
dissolved orthophosphate (OOP), total nitrogen (TN),
nitrite-nitrate (N02-N03), ammonia (NH3), total Kjeldahl nitrogen
(TKN), organic nitrogen (ON), total organic carbon (TOO and
sulfate (S04). The accumulation rates are the consequence of
such processes as biochemical transformation processes, sediment
exchanges and loading rate variations. The model relates the
accumulation rate of a particular substance with the rate of
change of the total mass of that substance in the lake and with
the net total loading rate to the lake (tributaries, direct
municipal and industrial, and on-lake precipitation).
The total masses of each chemical substance for eacn of the
cruises (see Table 5.1) have been calculated using the numerical
integration computer program SPLOTCH (Boyce 1973) with the input
of concentration measurements which were collected from about 75
stations on the lake at depths of 1,5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50,
100, 150 meters (where possible) and at the lake bottom. The
monthly sum of the tributary net loading rates, the direct
municipal and industrial loading rates and the direct
precipitation loadings are tabulated in Chapter 3 (see Tables
3.1, 3.3 through 3.9 and 3.15).
fhe mass balance will be derived next. Since all other
-------
quantities in the mass balance equation can be evaluated directly
on the basis of the measured lake chemical concentrations and the
measured loading rates, the accumulation rate can then be
calculated.
It is convenient to begin with the hydrodynamic equation for
the conservation of mass, written in its integral form (see, for
example, Batchelor 1967),
where Pi is the concentration of chemical species i, _v is the
flow velocity and &\ is the rate of accumulation (or loss) per
unit volume of the same species. V is the volume of the fluid
(in this case, the volume of Lake Ontario). S is the total
surface (top and bottom) of the lake.
The term on the left hand side of eq. (1) can be written as
V
-dMi
(2)
where Mj is the total mass of chemical species i in the lake at
5-2
-------
time t. Cj designates the second term on the right of eq. (2).
This term can be neglected whenever (AP/P)»(AV/V). The U. S.
Army Corps of Engineers measured a change of about 1 meter in the
level of Lake Ontario (Monthly Bulletin of the Lake Levels, 1972
and 1073). This corresponds to a volume increment of about 20 km
so that AV/V~.OJ2. If this is compared with (AP/P>~.20 for
total phospnate, which shows about the smallest concentration
variation of any of the chemical substances studied (see Table
5.1), it is apparent that (Ap/p)»(AV/V) will hold for all
substances.
The second term in eq. (I) is the net loading rate
(3)
where LjT is the net loading rate (inflow minus outflow) due to
tributary stream flow, LjR is the loading rate due to rainfall
directly on the lake surface and Lj^ is the net loading rate due
to sediment exchange. LjS must be either estimated or
calculated.
The third term in eq. (1) is the total net rate of
production of species i,
(4)
5-3
-------
where fj is a function of time.
Substituting eqs. (2), (3) and (4) into eq. (1) yields
dt (5!
All quantities in eq. (?) can be determined from measurements
except the sum L\$ + Tj = Sj so that this sum can be obtained
from eq. (5). Eq. ('j) may be rewritten as
(6)
where
Thus Sj may include either or both a volume rate of production
(or loss) or a surface exchange term, depending on the particular
suostance considered. The importance of surface terms in the
case of phosphates has been emplasized by Dillon and Kirchner
(I97D), Kirchner and Dillon (1975), Dillon (1975) and Chapra
(1 9 7-j ) in their aoplications and extensions of Vollenweider
(1969). After ootainin^ the terms in equation (6), the equation
will be compared with tne Vollenweider (196V) model.
The dMj/dt term in eq. (6) has oeen obtained by means of
5-4
-------
numerical differentiation of the time varying substance masses
Mj(t). The Mj(t) were calculated by means of the SPLOTCH computer
program. It is assumed that the chemical masses so obtained are
characteristic of the average chemical masses in the lake for the
month during .which the cruise occurred. The assumption seems
justified on the basis of the relatively smooth progression of
mass determinations from cruise to cruise. For those months for
which no cruises took place, linearly interpolated values have
been obtained. The monthly variations in the chemical mass
contents of the lake are plotted in Figs. 5.1-5.9 and will be
discussed in section 5.2. Numerical differentiation of Mj with
respect to t has been performed by passing a parabola through 3
successive monthly mass values -M],M2,M3 . The derivative at
the mid-point is given by
(7)
where h =. one month (see, for example, flylie 1951). For
convenient comparison, dM/dt has been expressed in units of
metric tons per day. The monthly values of dM/dt for each
substance are provided in Tables 5.2-5.5, together with the
loading rate L and the calculated value of the monthly
accumulation rate, S. The latter quantity was obtained by
substitution of dMj /dt and Li into eq. (6). Before continuing
with a discussion of the variations of dMj/dt, and Sj , the mass
balance equation (6) will be compared with the Vollenweider
-------
(1969) model equation.
Vollenweider's model is
dm\v . _
mw is the to'tal amount of substance w in the lake at time t, J is
the rate of tributary loading of substance w to the lake, Q is
the mean discharge of the lake, V is the lake mean volume and
is the sedimentation rate coefficient. In comparing eqs. (6) and a
(8) Lj is the net loading rate (inflow minus outflow) obtained
directly from measurement. The comparable terms J-Qmw/V in eq.
(8) involve an assumed model for the outflow. The measured
outflow and the Qmw/V model term are compared in Table D.6. It
is apparent that the model is quite useful for total nitrogen,
nitrite-nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, organic nitrogen,
sulfate and total organic carbon while for total phosphate,
dissolved orthophosphate and ammonia the model predictions
deviate considerably from the measured values.
In fable 5.7 , the use of the -amw term in eq. (8) (where
is a constant) to represent the Sj term in eq. (6) has been
explored. t-or none of the substances examined does this
representation seem useful.
5.2 Chemical accumulation rates
In this section, the variations of mass content (Mj(t)), the
rate of change of the mass content (dM-/dt), the total net loading
D-6
-------
(Lj ), and the source term (S; ) are discussed for each of the
substances.
TOTAL PHOSPHATE
The total phosphate content of the lake shows an average
deviation of 9.5% from the mean with a maximum deviation of 19%.
The maximum deviations occurred in the springs of 1972 and 1973,
and the early winter of 1972, reflecting seasonal perturbations
from the mean (see Fig. 5.1), Table 3.1 lists the various
contributions and the net total loading rate of total phosphate
by month. The net total loading rate to the lake varied by a
factor of 10 reaching a maximum in the December 1972 through
March 1973 period and a minimum in the August through October
1972 period.
Having obtained the mean monthly values of the numerical
derivative, dM/dt, and using the net loading rate, L, eq. (6)
yields the source function, S. s varied from positive to nega-
tive rfurior the field year, with n phosphate build up in the
sediments during the fall and winter and a release in spring and
summer. The field year average was k metric tons per day for S.
DISSOLVED ORTHOPHOSPHATE
Strong seasonal variations in the total dissolved
orthophosphate content of the lake are apparent in Figure 5.2.
Low values of the total mass of OOP are characteristic of the
summer and fall with winter and early spring values higher, by a
factor of two. The loading also peaks in the winter to early
spring period with summer and fall being minimums. Except in the
5-7
-------
late summer-fall period when dM/dt, L and S in eq. (6) exhibit
comparable magnitudes, the L values are considerably smaller than
dM/dt and S. During this period, the changes in the OOP mass
content of the lake occur more as a result of biochemical
transformations than as a result of loading variations. The
field year mean of the accumulation rate (see Table 5.2) appears
to be very small and possibly zero.
T.OIAL NITHOGEN
The total nitrogen characteristics are derived from a sum of
total Kjeldahl nitrogen and nitrite-nitrate measurements. Figure
5.3 illustrates the seasonal variation in the total nitrogen mass
m
content of the lake which exhibits higher values in summer 1972
and spring 1973. A factor of 5 variation in the total net
loading rate, L, will be noted from fable 3.8. However, L was
generally smaller in order of magnitude than either dM/dt or S,
so that changes in the total nitrogen content of the lake occur
mainly as a consequence of sediment exchange processes, rather
than loading variations. In addition, there appears to be a mean
net loss to sedimentation of total nitrogen (see Table D.3).
NITRITE-NITRATE
The total nitrite-nitrate content of the lake showed a very
definite seasonal variation, see Fig. 5.4. Maximum mass content
is characteristic of the early summer 1972 and spring 1973
periods with a low occurring in the late summer through fall
period. The range of variation is a factor of about 2.3. In
facie 3.4 a comoilation of the partial and net total loading
rates for N02-N03 is provided. This net total loading rate
5-8
-------
varied by a factor of more than 20 during the field year, but is
typically more than an order of magnitude smaller than dM/dt and,
therefore, also S. This indicates that a major source of
nitrite-nitrate is the result of biochemical transformations
rather than loading rate variations.
The source term changes sign during the year with losses due
to biological assimilation in the spring and summer and
production due to the ammonification and nitrification sequence
during the winter months. Table 5.3 shows a mean value of S
which is 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the magnitudes of
the individual monthly values of S, indicating no net accumulation
of nitrite-nitrate in the sediments.
AMMONIA
The total ammonia content of the lake also shows a strong
seasonal variation, see Fig. 5.5. Highest mass content occurred
in late summer through fall of 1972. Reaching a mid-winter
minimum, the mass content climbed with the onset of spring 1973.
Provided in Table 3.5 are the loading rate contributions of
ammonia which show a variation, by a factor of about 3, during
the field year.
Because of the comparable sizes of dM/dt and L and thus S
(in eq. (6.)), the variations in the ammonia content of the lake
are more complicated. From Table 15.4 the mean value of S, -83
metric tons/day, indicates a net accumulation of ammonia in the
sediment.
TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN
Fig. 5.6 shows the seasonal variation of the total Kjeldahl
5-9
-------
nitrogen content of Lake Ontario during the field year. Higher
values characterized summer and fall of 1972, followed by lower
levels during the winter and spring of 1973, a maximum variation
factor of about 2.5 times. In the total net loading rate (Table
3.6), the highs exceeded the lows 20 times in magnitude. As is
indicated in Table 5.4, considerable differences in the relative
sizes of dM/dt, L and S were noted during the field year. In
spring 1972 and winter and spring 1973, the magnitudes of the 3
terms are comparable while during the summer and fall, L is an
order of magnitude smaller than dM/dt and thus, also S. This ma/
be the result of the biochemical ammonification processes and
sedimentation during this period. Fall and spring turnovers
anpeared to be responsible for some return of TKN from the
sediments to the lake, however, there is a net TKN loss to the
sediments (see fable 5.4).
ORGANIC NITROGEN
Although organic nitrogen was not measured directly, it has
been obtained by subtracting ammonia contributions from those of
total Kjeldahl nitrogen. The organic nitrogen content of the
lake, see Fig. 5.7, was high during the summer (growing season)
and dropped by a factor of 3 with the onset of fall^-winter and
the decay orocesses. Table 5.5 shows the loading rate, L, to be
an order of magnitude smaller than dM/dt and S, indicating that
the variations of the organic nitrogen content of the lake are
mainly a consequence of biochemical transformations within the
lake. The source function, S, indicated organic nitrogen
assimilation in the late summer through fall and production in
5-10
-------
the winter-spring period. Table 5.5 shows a field year mean loss
2
to sediments of S = -3.7 x 10 metric tons/day.
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
Strong seasonal variations in the total organic carbon
content of the lake are illustrated in Fig. 5.8. Peaking in the
summer-fall 1972 period, the TOG content fell to a mid-winter
minimum before beginning a gradual soring rise. A comparison of
the terms in eq. (6) as shown in Table 5.5 snows that the main
'balance was between dM/dt and S, since L was an order of
magnitude smaller. Thus, changes in the total o^anic carbon
content of the lake are mainly a consequence of the biochemical
carbon transformations rather than the loading rate variations.
From Table 5.5, it is apparent that the mean source term is very
small, thereby indicating no net sediment enrichment in total
organic carbon.
SULFATE
Spring and summer 1972 measurements are missing because of
difficulties in the chemical analysis of these samples. The
sulfate mass content of the lake (Fig. 5.9) remained fairly
uniform throughout the field year so that dM/dt =0. This then
requires the balance to be between S and L in eq. (6). The mean
value of S over the period of measurement is very small as
compared with individual monthly values indicating a nearly
conservative character ror sulfate in Lake Ontario (see Table
b.5).
-------
Table 5.1 Total Substance Masses in Lake Ontario
(metric tons)
;>ubstance
TP 1
UOP 2
TH
!i02-HU3 8
iiH3 b
TKN
UU
TOC U
oO<*
1
.G8G1EU
.'G05UE3
. 5759 11 ->
.ii551E3
,li*U2Eb
2
2.0953C4
7.041SE3
9.0455E5
5.9t»32Eb
S.7711E3
3.102bEb
3.01l*Ur.l>
4.271GCG
3
2.U087EI*
3.5007E3
7.U1»2SE5
4 . 2 1) 9 8 E 5
2 . OUI*8C4
2.7730C5
2 . 5'bbbCb
5.b92bCb
u
2.7821FU
5 .3558F3
1.0593F.C
7.0170E5
3 . 5929l;l|
3.57G1ES
3 ,21b9Eb
7.5721EG
---
Cruise
5
2.9WEU
5!471CF.3
U.U533E5
3.0U59EU
Numbers
G
3.5288F.U
7.01G5E3
C.333GE5
3.7012E5
3.37S7E1*
2.G324E5
2.29I+5E5
7.244i(Fb
4.270GE7
7
2.3852E1*
G.0097P4
4.8GI*5F5
3.2218E5
1.C189E4
1.6427E5
1.1*808E5
3.7750E7
8
2.3852EI*
1.0878E4
U . 4123E5
8.2708E3
2.9104EG
4.36G3E7
9
2.61*21*E1*
8.0761E3
7.3529E5
5.5186E5
1.0U15E4
1.8343E5
1.7302E5
4.2861E6
4.3321E7
10
3 U9U2E1.
l!l338Ei*
5.3154E5
U.0983E5
1.7642E4
1.2171E5
1.0U07E5
4.2826EU
U.3819E7
11
2.7923E4
5.9945E3
4.6598E5
3.0237E5
1.8701EI*
1.6UG1E5
l.i*591Eb
5.4311EU
3.G687E7
Exponential notation hns bren used:
l.bSbl x 10
CJl
I
ro
Cruises: 1-May 1-b", 1972; 2-May lb-19; 1972; 3-Jun
12-10, 1972; i»-Jul 10-lit, 1972; b-Aug 21-25, 1972;
b-Oct 30-llov 2, 1972; 7-Uov 27-Ucc 2, 1972; 8-Feb
b-9, 1973; 9-har 1S-23, 1973; 10-Apr 24-30, 1973;
11-Jun 11-lb, 1973.
-------
Table 5.2 Total Phosphate and Dissolved Orthophosphate
Mass Balance Equation Terns
(metric tons/day)
Total Phosphate
Dissolved Orthophosphate
Month
Hay 1972
Jun
Jul
Aug
oep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan 1973
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Mean
dM/dt/l(?
...
.tt8
.33
.13
.19
.65
.55
.02
-1.25
.07
1.19
.92
.08
.39
L/101
3.21
2.10
.72
1.15
1.76
3.12
5.55
3.52
2.93
U.53
2.62
1.5*
2.76
S/101
-2.33
-2.11
-O.C9
-1.11
-1.15
-2.45
-5.52
-4.65
-2.80
-3.21
-1.59
-1.00
-2.38
dM/dt/101
1*3.0
-14.1
15.9
5.9
10.3
10.0
-16.8
39.3
39.3
-32.2
2.5
36.2
-59.1*
6.15
L/lOl
10.5
10.6
l*.6
6.1*
8.1*
9.9
11.2
17.2
12.5
8.1*
9.9
...
10.0
S/10 0
39.7
-20.5
11.9
-0.78
2.1*1
.33
-29.1
25.0
29.9
-38.0
-3.1*8
._.
---
1.58
5-13
-------
Table 5.3 Total Nitrogen and Nitrite-Nitrate
Mass Balance Equation Terns
(metric tons/day)
Total Nitrogen
Nitri te-Nitrate
Month
May 1972
Jun
Jul
Aue
i>Cp
Uct
Uov
Dec
Jan 1975
l:eb
Mar
Apr
May
dM/dt/10
-5.07
1.71
-0.28
-4.06
-2.73
-2. KG
-2.92
-0.07
3.21*
2.92
-1.10
-2.71
-1.83
L/l?
.27
.1*1
.12
.13
.08
.07
.32
.40
.31
.20
.29
.31*
.28
S/1(T
-5.31*
1.34
-0.44
-4.21
-2.81
-2.93
-3.23
-0.47
2.93
2.72
-1.38
-3.03
-2.11
5
dM/dt
-5. GO
.87
-0.28
-3.19
-1.63
-1.11
-1.G1
.03
3. Ob
3.14
-0.34
-2.50
-2.31
L/10 3
.09
.26
.03
.01
.06
.06
.14
.18
.15
.07
.10
.12
.10
S/10 3
-5.69
.59
-0.31
-3.20
-1.69
-1.17
-1.75
-0.14
2.91
3.07
-0.43
-2. 61
-2.41
Mean
-1.21
.26
-1.4b
-0.88
.11
-.99
5-14
-------
Table 5.1* Anmonla and Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Mass Balance Equation Terms
(metric tons/day)
Amnon ia
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Month
Hay 1U72
Jun
Jul
Aug
oep
Uct
tlov
Dec
Jan 1973
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Mean
•- r—
dM/dt/10
.93
3.b2
.81
- .10
.25
-1.10
-3.15
-2.38
- .81*
.13
1.01
1.17
,5G
.07
L/10
.91
1.32
.75
.Ob
.0'5
.76
l.bO
l.ll*
.78
.57
.90
.90
.75
.91
2
S/10
.02
2.30
.07
- .76
- .1*0
-l.SG
-l*. 75
-3.52
-1.G2
- .1*1*
.11
.27
- .19
- .83
5
dli/dt
.53
.81*
.00
- .87
-1.10
-1.75
-1.31
- .10
.18
- .22
- .76
- .22
.1*8
- .33
L/103
.18
.22
.08
.12
.02
.01
.18
.23
.15
.13
.19
.22
.18
.15
S/103
.35
.75
- .08
-1.01
-1.12
-1.76
-1.1*8
- .33
.02
- .35
- .95
- .1*2
.30
- .1*7
5-15
-------
TaMo 5.5
i c t. i trocon
Organic Nitrogen, Total Orsanic Carbon and Sulfate
Mass Balance Equation Terns
(metric tons/day)
Total Organic Carbon
en
i
en
Sulfate
Month
May l'J72
Jun
Jul
AUg
i>ep
Uct
Uov
Dec
Jan 1J7J
Keb
Mar
Apr
May
Mean
dM/dt/103
O.Ul*
.1*8
- .08
- .80
-1.13
-1.01*
-1.00
.13
.20
- .23
- .86
- .33
.1*2
- .32
L/10 3
0.09
- .09
.01
.05
- .05
-.oc
.02
.11
.Ob
.07
.05
.13
.11
.00
S/10D
0.35
.52
.U
- .33
-1.08
-1.57
-1.01
.02
.18
- .31
- .90
- .U5
.32
- .37
dM/dt 3
13.5
UG.3
27.6
2.3
- 3.1
-13.9
-30.9
-1*0.6
-27. C
8.9
11*. 8
3.9
IS. 5
.98
L/103
2.0
.3
1.2
1.6
-.1
-.3
1.7
3.2
2.1*
1.8
3.2
2.1*
1.9
1.7
S/103
11.5
1*5.9
26. 1
.5
- 2.9
-12.8
-37.2
-1*8.9
-3 .0
7.0
11.6
6.5
lfa.7
- .l*b
dM/dt
...
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
L*
...
.0
.5
.3
.1
.2
.0
.0
.02
*
...
.00
- .5
- .3
- .1
.2
.0
.0
- .02
-------
e
01
t-
01
xi
o
£
V.
a.
X!
a;
c
01
o
13
c
10
eg re
C TJ
X:
re o
O l-H
x
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0 CO
•— O
M- Id
3 IA
O
II
-a
o **»
u >
3 "•»
0 Cf
n **
V
u-
c
c
0
u
c
a
o
0
o
•
Lft
01
T
(C
•o
Ml
NH3
Outflow
lei Measure
w
0
XI
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o o 10
Z — 01
CM «
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ZOO)
•c
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o
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CJ> O f^» -* IA O O rH r*« CM O IA IA
I^rxc-li-lrHC'iailA rt»A.*lAlO
rH r-l t-« rH
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OTCNrOOCnOOOO OCMOOOIf1^
IA LO C*^ ^** C^l CO Ol C3 fA OO U"\ O) CM
,-1 C4 f-4 rH rH rH C4 rH CM
lOfHrH^rOOttA^f lAKtOlAlA
K*OOCM^*^*K*O(O CM 1s* O9 tO M
CMrHCMt-lrHrHrHrH rH rH rH rH tH
IA OO O 00 O OO Ol ^ *^ IA rH ^ Ol
.^tOf^Cn^lAOrH CM O CM O F*»
CM CM IA CM CM CM CN CM CM r^ K\ CM CM
CMCOlADOlAOrHlA CO OO OO K\ O»
tOCMK*CMCMCMrHrH rH CM CM CM iH
OOlOlOr*»^frHf>t LA CJ* CM
CMlAOOJ'rHrHOJJ' J- O Ol 1 1
3O Ol PA C3 C3 CM m rH O fA LO O in
rHrHrHCMCMCMCMCM PArAtAfAIA
=or~cML3OoicoK> a> j- -3- o o
C7>r-ir<-IArHt3inrA CMOinr>a9
rHCMCM»ACMrHrHi-l rHCMCMCMCM
J- J J» .» CM r»
OfAOlrHCMtnr^r** ^3C1 f1* O OO
OO CnOlOOOrHrH 91COO1 rH t-4
rH rH rH t-4 rH rH rH
XI
Ol
L.
'!• 3
0
3 —
XI
—
•a
rtj
3
2 ut
o ^
— V
§**" z
Ol C3 91
rHrHt-HrHCMCMCMrH rHrHrHCMl-4
moot^ ^ior^^ru>
1 1 1 1 IrHrHin CM rH LO U» in
i i i i i to m rH cMr^ior^oi
i i i i i .* -* .* mininin^
t-l rH rH rH t-H rH rH rH
t-4 JT ^ rA O CM in IA in CM r^ rH CM
CM O 3* IA CM O tA r>4 rH O «rf O> rH
cn id oo CM IA in cn oo 10 o o in oo
rH CM rH CM IA rA rH rH rH rH
CM CM Jt O> in v-l & CM rH .*> rH id ^
rH 00 rH 0) Id IA in fA rH rH O) & OQ
^o C3 ** rf* id 10 in oo m CM & in to
rH CM CM CM CM CM CM rH rH rH rH rH rH
IA O Ol Id Ol CM
1-4 IA j in oo r-. r«. IA cn^rincaiA
oocncMCncnooocn r» o 01 r» rs.
rH rH rH rH rH i-H
•J% l~~ ^> rvi inoooorx
CM r^ CM rA rA w td J) cncM^fcMi^
rHrH rH rH
f^ rH r> l~>
in m rA oo i—4 20 ^o .d 31 3 CM 09 01
oo o in CM rH cn rH o cn rA IA cn so
CMrHrHCMrHrHrH rHrH
r^ldtA CMCMOOrHCM
id m ^* ^ m 3 in rH rA in oo co ^
rH t-l rH rH t-4
CM
f»
Ol
I0333UUOOI
rA
r~
31
>c— to a *j > o c j3 i- v. x
23330iuooi aoiioaio
_-3-ao = := -ou.2:<::
5-17
-------
Table 5.7 Calculation of (= -S/M) fron Vollenweider Model
(day )
tionth
fl«ay 1U72
Jun
Jul
Aug
oep
Uct
liOV
Dec
Jan 1973
l:eb
liar
Apr
Hay
fiean
otan. Dev.
Tl'
-0.181*
-0.070
-0.01k
-U.OOG
-0.008
-0.051
-0.028
+O.UU2
+0.222
+0.018
-u.ogy
-0.071
-0.001
-0.019
0.093
DOH
xlO
-8.01
i*.Gb
-2.35
0.11*
-0.1*0
-O.Ob
k.k7
-3.UC
-3.09
-3.89
---
-1.20
3.8C
TN
+0.173
-0.522
-0.052
+0.162
+0.11U
+ 0.11*3
+ 0.181*
+0.028
-0.177
-0.117
+0.059
+0.151
+ 0.121*
0.029
0.199
rJ02-ti03
xlO
+8.70
-1.18
+0.51
+ C.02
+i*.OG
+ 3.01*
+ 5.0G
+O.U8
-8.37
-C.l*2
+0.82
+ 5.71
+6.1*1*
2.32
i*.3l*
NH3
xlO
-0.02
-1.09
-0.02
+ 0.21*
+0.13
+ 0.5b
+ 1.90
+2.1*8
+2.1*8
+ 1.58
-0.1*9
-0.10
+0.18
0.602
1.1U
TKM
xlO
-0.12
-0.2U
+ 0.01*
+0.32
+ 0.39
+0.70
+ 0.81
+0.19
-0.02
+0.19
+ 0.58
+0.32
-0.20
0.23
0.3U
ON
xlO
-0.1.0
-0.51*
-0.12
+ 1.01
+ 1.25
+ 2.21*
+ 1.99
-0.10
-0.39
+0.1*7
+ 1.89
+ 1.07
-0.71*
0.59
1.05
TOC
xlO
-0.25G
-0.796
-0.360
-O.OOG
+0.01*0
+0.176
+0.571
+0.903
+0.825
-0.210
-0.279
-0.152
-0.357
0.012
0.505
50k
XlO
-0.183
+0.052
-0.069
-0.159
-0.01*8
0.000
+0.076
+0.270
-0.008
0.11*5
-------
Ul
I
10
8
C
2
0
-2
-k
-6
-8
-10
1972
mxlO metric tons
SxlO metric tons/day
1973
-r—
M
T~
A
JJASONDJFMAMJ
Figure 5.1 The mass content (m) and the production rate (S) of Total
Phosphate during the field year
-------
10T
8
0
-2
-4
-8
-10
«_ • v mxlO Metric
Metric Tons/day
1972
1973
M
J
J
A
N
J
M
M
Figure 5 2 THE MASS CONTENT (m) AND THE PRODUCTION RATE '(S) OF DISSOLVED
ORTHOPHOSPHATE DURING THE FIELD YEAR.
-------
I
ro
8 •
6 •
4..
-4
-6 •
-10
1972
• — • — mxlO Metric Tons
" SxlO Metric Tons/day
1973
M
J
J
O
N
J
M
M
Figure 5.3 TIIC fSASS CONTENT (n) AMD THE PRODUCTION RATE (S) OF TOTAL NITROGEN
DURING THE FlELD YEAR.
-------
I
CO
-4-
. _ , — m * 10^ Metric Tons
1973
5x10J Mefric Tons/day
M
J
N
J
M
M
Figure 5,'j The mass content (m) and the production rate (S) of Nitrite-Nitrate
during the field year
-------
lOr
8 -
6 •
2-
0
I
ro
-2 •
-4..
-6
-8
1972
• «— » •••• mxlO Metric Tons
2
- S x 10 Metric Tons/day
1973
MJ J.ASONPJ FMA
Figure 5.5 The mass content (m) and the production rate (S) of Ammonia
during the field year
M
-------
VJI
I
N3
10
6-
2-
0
-2
-4
-6-
-8 -
-10
„-. . _ m x 10D Metric Tons
1972
1973
SxlQJ Metric Tons/day
M
J
J
N
J
F
M
M
Figure 5.6 The mass content (m) and the production rate (S) of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
during the field year ' .
-------
en
i
ui
10
8
— 2
-6
-8
-10
1972
M
mxlO Mouic Tons
S x 10 Metric Tons/day
1973
J
J
N
D
M
A
M
Figur 5 7 T'|r flASS rf^MTENT (n) Ar.'P THE PROnUCTION RATE .(S) OF ORHAr'IC NITROGEN
OUR 1 fir, THE Fl ELP YFAR.
-------
lOr
8 -
6 •
4..
2 •
VI
I
ro
ci
0
-2-
-6-
-8-
-10
1972
M . -» m x TO6 Mcfric Tons
SxlO4 Metric Tons/day
1973
M
J
J
O
N
J
F
M
M
Figure 5,8 The mass content (m) and the production rate (S) of Total Organic Carbon
during the field year \
-------
References
I. Batchelor, O.K., 1967, An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics,
Cambridge University Press, New York, o. 74.
2. bolsenga, S.J. and J.C. Hagman, 1975, IFYGL Bulletin #16,
pp. 57-62, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Rockville, Md.
3. Boyce, F.M., 1973, A computer routine for calculating total
volume contents of a dissolved substance from an arbitrary
distribution of concentration profiles. Tech. Bull. No. 83,
Inland Water Directorate, Canadian Centre for Inland waters,
Burlington, Ontario.
4. Casey, D.J., P.A. Clark and W. Lewis, 1975, private
communication.
5. Casey, D.J., P.A. Clark and J.W. Meagher, 1975, IFYGL
Materials Balance Study - G.enesee River, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Rochester, New York.
6. Casey, D.J., W. Fisher and C.O. Kleveno, 1973, Lake Ontario
Environmental Summary 1965, U.S. EPA, Rochester, New York.
7. Casey, D.J. and S.E. Salbach, 1975, IFYGL stream materials
balance study. Proceedings 17th Conference on Great Lakes
Research, International Association for Great Lakes
Research, pp. 668-681.
8. Chapra, S.C., 1975, Comment on "An Empirical Method of
Estimating the Retention of Phosphorus in Lakes" by W.B.
Kirchner and P.J. Dillion, Water Resour. Res. II, pp.
.1033-1034.
9. Chau, Y.K., V.K. Chawla, H.F. Nicholson and R.A. Vollenweider,
1970, Distribution of trace elements and chlorophylla in
Lake Ontario, Proceedings Conference. Great Lakes Research,
International Assoc. Great Lakes Research, pp. 659-672.
10. Chawla, V.K., 1971, Changes in the water chemistry of Lakes
Erie and Ontario, Proceedings of the Conference on Changes
in the Chemistry of Lakes Erie and Ontario in Bull, of
Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences 25, pp. 31-64.
II. Dillon, P.J., 1975, The application of the ohosohorus-loading
concept to eutrophication research, Scientific Series No. 46,
Inland Waters Directorate, CCIW, Burlington, Ontario.
12. Dillon, P.J. and W.B. Kirchner, 1975, Reply, Water Resour.
Res. II, pp. 1035-1036.
13. Dudnick, E.E., 1971, SYMAP User's Reference Manual for
Synagraphic Computer Mapping, Department of Architecture,
-------
College of Architecture and Art, University of Illinois at
Chicago Circle, Chicago, Illinois.
14. International Joint Commission, 1969, Pollution of Lake
Ontario and the International Section of the St. Lawrence
River, International Commissions, Washington, D.C.
15. Kirchner, W.B., and P. J. Dillon, 1975, An empirical method
of estimating the retension of phosphorus in lakes, Water
Resour. Res. II, p. 182.
16. Shiomi, M.T. and V.K. Chawla, 1970, Nutrients in Lake Ontario,
Proceedings !3th Conference Great Lakes Research,
International Association Great Lakes Research, pp. 715-732.
17. Shiomi, M.T. and K. W. Kuntz, 1973, Great Lakes precipitation
chemistry* Part I. Lake Ontario basin. Proceedings of the
16th Conference on Great Lakes Research, pp. 581-602.
18. Technicon Instrument Corporation, }97I, Technicon Autoanalyzer
Manual, Tarrytown, New York.
19. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, "Monthly Bulletin of the Lake
Levels" 1972 and 1973, Detroit, Mich.
20. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency* 1971, Methods for
Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency Water Quality Office, Cincinnati, Ohiof
21, U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Data for New York,
Part I. Surface Water Records, Albany, N.Y. Volumes
1961-1973.
22. Van Otterloo, H., J.B. Bell and B,J. Dutka, 1967, A study of
Lake Ontario, Advisory Board on Water Pollution,
International Joint Commission, Department of National
Health and Welfare, Public Health Engineering Div.,
Unpub. M.S. Rept. 67-20.
23. Vollenweider, R.A., 1969, Moglichkeiten und Grenzen elementarer
Modelle der stoffbiianz von Seen, Arch. Hydrobiol., pp. 1-36.
24. Wylie, C.R., Jr., 1951, Advanced Engineering Mathematics,
McOraw Hill Book Co., New York.
------- |