EPA/540/2-89/040
      SUPERFUND TREATABILITY
              CLEARINGHOUSE
                 Document Reference:
 Lopat Enterprises, Inc. "Representative Selection of Laboratory Experiments and
Reports of Full-Scale Commercial Use Which Demonstrate the Effectiveness of K-20
   Lead-in Soil Control System in Physical/ Chemical Solidification, Fixation,
  Encapsulation & Stabilization of Certain Soil, Ash, Debris and Similar Wastes."
 Technical data report. Approximately 60 pp. Assembled for CDM.  August 1987.
                EPA LIBRARY NUMBER:

             Super-fund Ttestability Clearinghouse - FCAK
                                  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                  Region 5, Library (PL-l0."
                                  77 West Jackson f":-;1. •
                                  Chicago, IL 6000 ' .

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               SUPERFUND TREATABILITY CLEARINGHOUSE ABSTRACT
Treatment Process:

Media:

Document Reference:
Document Type:

Contact:
Site Name:
Location of Test:
Immobilization - Stabilization

Soil/Generic

Lopat Enterprises, Inc.  "Representative Selection
of Laboratory Experiments and Reports of Full-Scale
Commercial Use Which Demonstrate the Effectiveness
of K-20 Lead-in Soil Control System in Physical/
Chemical Solidification,  Fixation,  Encapsulation &
Stabilization of Certain  Soil, Ash, Debris and
Similar Wastes."  Technical data report.  Approxi-
mately 60 pp.  Assembled  for COM.   August 1987.

Contractor/Vendor Treatability Study

Lou Parent
Lopat Enterprises, Inc.
1750 Bloomsbury Avenue
Wanamassa, NJ  07712
201-922-6600

Confidential

Lopat Enterprises, Inc.,  Wanamassa, NJ
BACKGROUND;  The report consists of brief summaries of seven bench-scale
tests conducted by Lopat Enterprises for their clients.  Lopat Enterprises
report that their technique will stabilize solids contaminated with
inorganic volatile and non-volatile metals (Cd, Zn, Hg, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu),
non-metallic toxic elements (As), and certain organics (PCBs).
OPERATIONAL INFORMATION;  Lopat Enterprises uses a proprietary technology
called K-20   Lead-in-Soil Control System (K-20/LSC) for the physical/
chemical fixation, solidification, encapsulation, and stabilization of
contaminated soil and soil-like matrices.  In the K-20/LSC system, two
liquid components are blended and diluted prior to application to dry
waste.  Dry fixative materials are then added to the wetted waste material,
and the dry waste are mixed with the K20/LSC system components and allowed
to cure for a day or more.  The formulation of these components is site
specific and proprietary.  The volume of wastes treated varied with each
project and was not reported.
PERFORMANCE:  Lopat Enterprises reports that the K-20/LSC system is capable
of reducing leachate concentrations by 90%.  The document presents EP
Toxicity test results before and after fixation of electric arc furnace
dust, auto shredder residue, paint manufacturing sludge, blasting sand,
incinerator bottom ash, blast furnace slag, and oil-soaked soil.  Data are
presented for Pb, Cd, Zn, As, Ba, and Cr.  Initial concentrations of lead
ranged from 9.8 ppm to 6200 ppm, although they are generally between 10 and
500 ppm.   Table 1 summarizes the initial concentrations and the percent
3/89-12                                              Document Number:   FCAK

   NOTE:  Quality assurance of data «ay not be appropriate  for all  uses.

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reductions in metal concentrations in the leachate.  The percent reductions
were highest for lead and lowest for chromium and barium.  Costs reported
were in the range of $15 to $20 per ton.  QA/QC was not reported.

CONTAMINANTS;

Analytical data is provided in the treatability study report.  The
breakdown of the contaminants by treatability group is:

Treatability Group             CAS Number        Contaminants

WlO-Nonvolatile Metals         7440-47-3         Chromium

Wll-Volatile Metals            7439-92-1         Lead
Note:  This is a partial listing of data.  Refer to the document for more
       information.
3/89-12                                              Document Number:  FCAK
   NOTE:  Quality assurance of data may not be appropriate for all uses.

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                                                   TABLE 1

                                         SUMMARY OF PERFORMANCE DATA

The following data is provided by Lopat Enterprises for their K20/LSC stabilization treatment.  The upper
number is the concentration in the leachate prior to treatment, as determined by the EP Toxicity test.
(Concentrations in the auto shredder residue were measured by the California Administrative Manual Waste
Extraction Test.)  The lower number is the percent reduction in leachate concentration following treatment.


         Waste                      Pb             Cd           Zn           As         Ba          Cr

Electric arc furnace dust          580 ppm     0.023 ppm
                                    97-99%          >80%

Auto shredder residue          150-250 ppm     2-6.7 ppm    900-1600
                                      >80%      >65->85%        >85%

Incinerator bottom ash            70.5 ppm     0.048 ppm                  0.17 ppm     35 ppm    0.06 ppm
                                      >99%      67%->90%                   59->94%     >l-95%         83%

Blasting sand                     6200 ppm
                                       99%

Paint manufacturing sludge         9.8 ppm                                                          1 ppm
                                   63->95%                                                          7-44%

Blast furnace slag                 500 ppm
                                       99%

Oil soaked soil                   16.3 ppm
                                       99%
12/88-12                                                                          Document Number:  FCAK

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The product has been  used  effectively on more than 60 different
wastes.  Lopat has  achieved  compliance with USEPA specifications
for reductions and  control of  contaminated leachates in
accordance with RCRA  standards  as  applied to waste piles of
soil,  ash and other  industrial  wastes such as sludges, slags,
ash, sediment and dusts.

It has been repeatedly  determined  that the K-20/LSC treatment
system produces relatively low  volume and weight increases.

After demonstrating  effectiveness  on a site-specific- basis in
the laboratory, Lopat continues its consultation with clients  to
optimize the formulations  for  scale-up application.

The following seven  examples have  been selected as typical of
the experiences to  illustrate  the  effectiveness of the K-20/LSC
technology.  As logged  in  the  Lopat database, the attached
submissions are:

  Project *                  Description	

86-37                      Electric Arc Furnace Dust
85-03                      Auto Shredder Residue
86-13
86-18
87-30                      Paint Manufacturing Sludge
87-24                      Blasting Sand
86-08                      Incinerator Bottom Ash
86-63                      Blast Furnace Slag
86-40                      Oil-Soaked Soil

         Lopat strictly sainfains fhp ronfidpntiahfy of its
         clients.

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                                                    Lo f^
                                 A




           REPRESENTATIVE  SELECTION  OF




              LABORATORY  EXPERIMENTS




 AND  REPORTS  OF  FULL—SCALE  COMMERCIAL  USE




WHICH  DEMONSTRATE  THE  EFFECTIVENESS  OF




K — 2O   LEAD— IN  SOIL   CONTROL  SYSTEM




              IN  PHYSICAL  /  CHEMICAL




SOLIDIFICATION,   FIXATION,  ENCAPSULATION




                     **  STABILIZATION




              OF  CERTAIN  CONTAMINATED




  SOIL,   ASH,   DEBRIS  AND  SIMILAR  WASTES
                       SUBMITTED  BY




              LOPAT ENTERPRISES,   INC.




              1750  BLOOMSBURY  AVENUE




          WANAMASSA,  NEW JERSEY  O V T 1 1^




                       201 — 922--66OO
R/20/87

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With regard to the collection of data by COM  for  the  development
of Best Demonstrated Available Technologies  (BOAT)  standards  for
contaminated soil and debris under the RCRA  Land  Disposal
Restrictions (LDR), see all the attached submissions.

The data submitted in reference hereto is based on  the  use  of
proprietary technology available from Lopat  Enterprises,  Inc.  of
Wanamassa,  New Jersey and/or its agents.

The technology is in use as the product;
          K-20 Lead-in-Soil Control System   (K-20/LSC)
    for the physical / chemical fixation, solidification,
    encapsulation and stabilization of contaminated soil  and
    soil-like matrices.

Lopat Enterprises and its clients have performed  more than  three
hundred experiments in laboratory, field pilot studies  and
full-scale  commercial applications with the  K-20  Lead-in-Soil
Control System.   The system has demonstrated  more than  90%
effectiveness in treating wastes and waste streams  containing
inorganic volatile and non-volatile metals (Cd, Zn, Hg, Pb, Cr,
Ni, Cu), non-metalic toxic elements (As), and certain organics
(PCBs).

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The data in each example submitted are organized  in accordance
with the BOAT Data Collection Checklist provided  by CDM/USEPA
and noted below.

I.   GENERAL

    A.    Lopat Log Number of Project
    B.    Client Matrix Description
    C.    Contaminant Descriptions and Concentrations
II.    MATERIALS HANDLING

    A.    Transport and Feed Requirements
         1.    Process/Equipment description
         2.    Availability of equipment
         3.    Degree of demonstration accomplished
         4.    Fugitive emissions control
         5.    Evaluation of performance
         6.    Problems/Limitations
         7.    Cost
         8.    Other
III.   PHYSICAL PREPROCESSING

    A.    Oversize Material Preparation Requirements
         1.    Process/Equipment description
         2.    Availability of equipment
         3.    Degree of demonstration accomplished
         4.    Fugitive emissions control
         5.    Evaluation of performance
         6.    Problems/Limitations
         7.    Cost
         8.    Other
IV.   CHEMICAL PREPROCESSING

    A.    Oversize Material Preparation Requirements
         1.    Process/Equipment description
         2.    Availability of equipment
         3.    Degree of demonstration accomplished
         4.    Fugitive emissions control
         5.    Evaluation of performance
         6.    Problems/Limitations
         7.    Cost
         8.    Other

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                Recommended Checklist cont'd

V.   TREATMENT

    A.    Category And Technology
    B.    Criteria And Rationale For Selection
    C.    Process Limitations
    D.    Rate Of Treatment Process & Length Of Treatment Time
    E.    Design And Operating Conditions Of System
    F.    Variability Of Operating Parameters
    G.    Compare Design To Operating
    H.    Evaluation Of Equipment
    I.    Influent & Effluent Concentrations
    J.    Types, Quantities Of By-products
    K.    Flow Diagram Of Total Treatment System
    L.    Physical And Chemical Description Of Processed Residual
    M.    Scale Of Demonstration; Bench, Pilot, Full-scale
    N.    Scale-up Limitations
    0.    Actual/Estimated Capital & Operating Costs
    P.    Regulatory Test Protocol Results
    Q.    Permit Requirements
    R.    Post-Treatment Controls For Process Effluents
    S.    Monitoring & Data Collection Requirements
    T.    Other
VI.    OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS AND LIMITATIONS

    A.    Corrosion of Equipment
    B.    Removal Of Debris
    C.    Sorting, Sizing, Homogenization Of Waste
    D.    Caking & Solidification Of Feed
    E.    Maintenance Of Coastant Treatment Equipment  Feed
    F.    Incompatibility Of Waste Characteristics
    G.    Control Of Emissions, Effluents & Residuals
    H.    Other
VII.  RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENTS OF PERFORMANCE

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CONTACTS:
     LOPAT ENTERPRISES, INC.
     1750 BLOOMSBURY AVENUE
     WANAMASSA, NEW JERSEY  07712

     201-922-6600
          LOUIS FLAX
          VICE CHAIRMAN,
          GOVERNMENT AGENCY LIAISON

          JIM TYRRELL
          VICE PRESIDENT
          DIRECTOR OF MARKETING

          HERB BELISLE
          NATIONAL SALES MANAGER

          CHARLES FALK, PH D
          VICE PRESIDENT
          RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

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   Project Log # 86-37
Electric Arc Furnace Dust

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GENERAL

     A.     Log Nuiber of Project
     B.     Hatrix Description
            ET J pr t r i r ar c-  f u t nace  dus t  ( K()t.. J )

     C.     Contannant Descriptions and Concentrations
            580  ing/1 .lead
            (Obtained from the EP Toxicity  Test)

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FT.    MAT"ERIA!..n HANDLING
           A.    Transport and Feed Requireients
                 The  K-20/LSU  system  t equir es -.
                 +    thcit  two  Jiquid  component--, mu- L  bo b i t ^ndi ••')  .ind
                      dilut.od prior  L(.) ..tppiii ._tt ion  to dry wa-.U-
                 !•    th'-tf  dry  fixntive iiMlor i.il-r. bo 
                 < on t i nuot.1-.-. i'f  Ion I i h  pf i u »-•-.- i rm ,  . IMI r  vqi.i i M ••;(  to
                 blomj  the mulPf iui-s  ..it two -1..-tqi".  in  Iho  I MJpr ,-ty -.  wi  li  .ippjy  (he  ch i 1.11 oij
                 two-pur t  K-20/L.oC I or mi.ii<.i.   Wulor   ••-uppJy  i-.
                 required  for  diJntion or   to in< r H,:i;-.e  wet  I inq
                 action.   Hoppers  niuy  be required  for   dry  r uw
                 mctter lals hi.-indl inq.    A --.pr .:iy   < h.-unber   m-iy  be u^.ed
                 to wet   the EAF du-.-t  wilh ,.t dilnle  K--20/l.sr;  ,md  .i
                 pug  mill  dicty  t>e u-^ed  for  m t >  inq (lit1  wot t od  du-.->t
                 w.i th  the  L ement i t i ou--, f i x..i I ivo ..
                2.    Availability of  equiptent
                 L'qujpment is  in wide  use ctnd   re.=i
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   i .     i HY:,TI:.M   f Ttt T'Uuc.f: ;:.;

              A.      Oversize Material Preparation Requireaents
              B.      Dewatenng  Require«ents

                      Mi >rif >  Reqi.u t  \ ":l
IV.    CHEMIUAI
              A.      CheiicaJ  Preprocessing  to Alter Characteristics
                     and Ensure Coipatibihty with Treatient Influent
                     Requireients

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V     TRL'ATMr.Nl
            A.     Category and Technology
                   Oht-in.i (. a i  Mxa! ion,  t:-ri< apvulat ion,   .<>! icli f i <. Mam  rii Ji'iffiol a I J t >
                   loxi_[   L'lfniHn t • >  and  organ i<   i.ompound- .   1 he
                   ( t eat men t   t equ i r PS :

                   K- /'O l.eud- Iiv-Soi i  (Jon I t ol   (l< -2U/LSC)
                   A  -a t e~spe< .i fit   f ormi.il.rit i on  u--.ed  in  I he conlMd
                   and remediation  of  h.a/-.i)Jid-  or
                   '>fMii i-si j 1 id  pp. 1 1   di 'vt • 1 1 ip1-- fin 'd i I 1 1 . 1 1 i 01 r-  ii|  ,-m
                   (%- >• .on I i ..i 1  pM'pr 1 11 1 *n  forrnod  I'n.indr od--.. of  --t>l  i <;l i f i< ,tl n in  .irn:l
                   fixution  L r <:M L men I \%  i>n  <"t  v..-tf ir>l"y •. ' I   i-j-r-fo-,  in
                   I ,-ibor 1 1 L i.u y  ..ii'K.1  f _i »-• 1 d  -" i <:i I <-• pr 0,101 f-   pf ri.Jni  iri'-i
                   i '>:c e 1 1 < TI I   f (-"..i.il I  '> .   lI'icM-   i -.  (dot.-i imi •!:!.( "'I
                   to  - uppiOf '   I i'n-'  erf n ,-n y  of  thr-  K ;(U  I v'.id
                   '•-.y --1-p m   t or hnu io'jy .    Lop.:i1 ' •:.  K k'M/'l  ;''r  I'y'.
                   < ipp 1 1 c <=tb ' e  lo M'iii<-'di c'-it i riQ  h.ri/«.if 'Jon-   .^.i-.-l
                               <:tt pd :
                        fMjm  <-t  m;.-tnu f <.K: t uf inq  PM.». e •.-•-.
                   *     L'.f f i.ind  •_. i 1 1 • .
                   i     I l<-i.-:.
                   ^     H.i/
in (. on I f o 1 I ) nq the I ox i i met .-*] '-•• mand<:ito<:l und(->f f , B..1, Cd, Or , ot(. I. op.it h.r- h.tf I fior iji-Mnon U.iLi":! t.h<.-it it's pf odi.u t. i •-. .-i i ornpJ prnt-n t lo I ho i t'K.. inot .it ion of --olid w.^.to; K-J.-'O/I '•(• boiri':: u-.i-d ' t (") t^^-Nht inr inor.iltu ..i^-.h M?-- .1 c on L . C. Process limitations Norie Ex PMC fed D. Rate of Treatient Process & Length of Treatient Tiie To be
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            £.     Design and Operating Conditions of System
                   Iho  t wo" ':> L HP  I t I-.M t ifion t  pt OL »• -    t oqi i i t i •'   11'1.11   1110
                   K-20/1.SO  '-y-ton)  bo  ..tdded  U>  tl'M' I'AI   di.r  1  .tnd
                   thot oughly  biendod  to  t/ftot  I LI.M I o  K  ;-'ti/l  !•(.  • onl.u I
                   with  all  p.jt  11 (  I <••"-...    A ( <-'fikjn L i I iou>,  I ix.i1  ivo  t-
                   thon  added  lo  t tta<-itf-  <-m  i not q<-m 11   m.ilt iv  i.jhti  h
                   fi.it  ll-iot   inhibit    the  j o,t.  h.ibiii I y  •. >f  to--j(
                   met a I•:-..

            F.     Variability of Operating Para«eters
                   The vat  i-ibility  ol  v.tt iotii. p.it  I I'M 't
                   \. iin i 1. it   It 0.1 L mi.'i'i I -   l'iavi •  u'id i! . i! i 'd  I I't.i I   I t i •. 11 UK M i t
                   of It-,  I i  ye no'-_..•-,  would  t-f.- o--'.onl i.tl I  •,••   i ndopi M r ii M i I   M|
                   inodot ..t Ie  vt •-.

            6.     Coipare Design to Operating
                   Not  Appl it. at- l.o

            H.     Evaluation of Equipnent                                            •
                   Mi) i  APP J i L . ib I o

            I.     Influent & Effluent Concentrations
                   The  ttualinonl  i>.  ox 1.1 emo ly  oH^i t  'v>.'  ,'r-
                   i  I I i,r-. 11  ( i OKI 11 iq   .tblo:

                   TP  Tux   Te-,-,1.         EP  I'ox  To-.;.'t
                   Re--.nit.--.  RefotP     Rp-:-.u.l t •-. At Let
                   K  -20/1. SO             K -20/L.yi •              Pot < on 1
                   I  ix::0%  rd

     It?            SClCt  rn>3/J  I'b         3.0  niq/1  F'b          '-"^.'M':,  Pb
                                 Cd      <0.0('i.'3  niq/1  rd      '>!!()",;  c,:l

                  5£:0  niq/1  Pb         1 . «••.  mq/i  P
                  0.023  inci/ J  Cd      O.7O mq/ 1  C'.1

                  5.'::0  mq/1  Pb         <0.2 lli<
                  0.023  mq/ J  Pd      U.O.S m<

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                                                                  (.i>-[  ci!  K. iw
                   Ul.tvte  Weigh I"       Wi.i •->!<•  V'< ij i.nm •        M.i!er i;\ [•   [a
                   I n<_ f ease  Due       Inc. n-.r- e  !)ue         ln-i.il   .]  luu
                   I'o  Tf eu I men t       to. J r e.t I men I         •, > I" W< r . I i ' I

     IH                f-,4%                   ?:_:%                      $.',4
     #4               1..5;-'%                  inn'K                    $

iCu-.-.L exc lude1^  shipping,  ldi.tr 1 •--  ot   iiLl'i<-f  H f I 1 i.ir-ri t •   iith*u
                   Ih.in   thie  >.. Ldbili zed  du*_. t .

            K.     Flow Diagraa of Total Treatnent Systei
                   I he  •- (. i-t I  (?d-up  t f eci Linen t  ^y . I i nti  niiiy  t>( •  i- i.-pf i-ii.-(;>n I <-.-d
                  t>y  the  .-i I IUL hed  di ctqn-tni.

            L.     Physical and Cheiical Descrintion of Processed
                  Residual
                  Sr-M  3.    The  i.in L \ TM led LAF'  <^i.c- 1"  i-jri-.-  it  vc-c y  fine
                  di.r-.L-   NO..U  ly   .-ill  uf  t"h(>  du^t  w.r-.  in  hhe Sd  me-'-h
                  to J OH  me-'h  ninye.    A1 .1  four  L n->.-t I mi--ri t •'.  r p«'.ul t f;l
                  in  the  formation of  i.tr<^er  p,:u 1 irje-.,,  i-jhi-n-j  1U  !<•
                  !•'(.)%  of  the P<-a  t a c les  wen-  in  1 hi.-  1 (J mi •- .h of   J..-u >.v^
                  P
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                           eyre*raises
                                     LoC.Jsf-9f.-37
K20/LSC  TREATMENT  BY  BATCH  OR  CONTINUOUS  STREAM  PROCESSING

                    K-20/LSC may be addtd to the bulk waste material a* specified by the
                    LOPAT laboratory and blended when temperatur•s of the materials
                    t6 be treated tnd the ambient temperature in tKt treatment area
                    are between 45 degrees and 120 degrees) Fahrenheit
  "	^1  I
    AZARDOUS WASTE  MATERIAL
           INCINERATOR ASH*SAND*
           FURNACE SLAG*SOIL*
           PLATING HASTE*
           SALVAGE RESIDUE*
   K20 LEAD-IN-SOIL CONTROL
After the waste material  has been
thoroughly wetted  the recommended
cementitlous fixative or  comblnatlo
of flxativee i« added, the  total
macs  Is then given a
thorough b I end I rtg
                    I n
        (MATERIALS CONTAINING
         TOXIC  HEAVY METALS)
                    V
PART
A •

PART
B
COMBINE
AND EXTEND
                                   RECOMMENDED FIXATIVE
                                             OR
                                   FIXATIVE  COMBINATION
Wast* material  IB to be wetted
thoroughly with th« K20/LSC compound.
(diluted In accordance with th*
LOPAT lab specification) and blended
                                    YOUR ONSITE MIXING FACILITY
 The waste material may be  processed In  batches
 of any amount or in a continuous stream.
 Prepare and  treat  wast* In volumes
 suitable for the equipment being ueed.
               Remove form blender  to pad or backfill  for curing.  Lopat
               recommende curing under ambient  conditions, undisturbed f°r
               appro*. 72 hra. After curing the treated  material
               may  be tested  by EP  Toxicity for handling as non-harardou«•

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              LI.     Actuai/Estiaated Capital  & Operating Costs
                     Mot  Known

              P.     Regulatory Test Protocol  Results
             Q.     Pei nt Requiresents
                     !ho  i  1 it Tit  l '-  M"-p»rr  il:>!('  IMC   iibl
                     ri( >< <" .• ,n .

             T.     Other
                     Morn1
VI.         OPERATIONAL  PKOBLLMS  AND  LI Mil ATJONS

             None  Known     R.r-.ed  on  l.Nr; TOR 1MPRUVEMLMI ::! "I   fTRf ORMANCI

             None-'

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 Project Log tt 85-03
               86-13
               86-18
Auto Shredder Residue

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        I..I  NHxAL
             A.      Log Nunt'er of Project
                    ! :S -I i.i
                    , if,  i.-:
                    iif,  li i

             B.      Matrix Description
                    AI.I ! i)  :-_;hr nddur  Kc- . i di.it;'

             C.      Contamnant Descriptions and Concentrations
                    l(H)     ?:>0 ing/1  Pb
                    '•"MO     It.on  mg/J   Zn
                    2.0  -  ;:>.7 rng/i  0.0  -  o.7 mg/1  Hf
                    (All  resuJt'- qener att^d by   I he  (J<.i I  i ( <>M'I i.a  "HAM WHT "
 I- ri'ic  "CAM  WL:I1 "  li".;l  is   thn  Cdl i fuM'ii.i  Admi ni.'-> t ra I  i vc  Munu.j J   W d<~'t cr rn i ric nil'u • I I n >r  ' >t   not
,  .  •;,!. •! i i    1 f 'd( hci.1  i M Mil  I I'n • •-.!< i   I i •  ('Xi  i 'cd  MM'  " !  . I I  I "    ' .1 i I i.ii. • I i •
 ', \, i ' •  I n j I '.I  I  i in i  I  i )i Ji 11 i TI t ^ a 1  i i M i ;

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II.    MATERIALS HANDLING
          A.    Transport and Feed Requirements
                The K-2H/1 SO system requ i res .-
                *    that  two .liquid < < >m|:« >n<.>n t •  inu--. t  be blended , in<.l
                    diluted prior  to appiitalion lo  dry was lo
                I-    that  dry fixative  rn<-i t er j ,-t 1 >•, ho added  lo  wo t I" <.-d
                    wus L e materi <:i J .
                +    that  tf^rtted waste  be  ciJ lowod  Ic  i. uf H  lor  
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III.   PHYSICAL  PREPROCESSING

           A.     Oversize Material Preparation Requirements  •
                 1.      Process/Equipient description
                  A -~i. t een  I o  *-_.epar <:t1"e  (>ver \» i  /ed i o- -1 duo
                  from  under s ized  residue  (<'.:./4")  w..-r:   ru-'

                 2.      Availability of equipient
                  An eight  by  twenty  font screen  (si-Ufluv-  oqi-iipmi'ii l~
                  ftom  a (. ual  miriing  up(,n F>.li cation.
                 3.      Degree of deionstration accomplished
                  The scr'een has been in operation  for   <:ippr oximci LeJ y
                  a year and to our  knowledge,  has  performed well.
                 4.      Fugitive eiissions  control
                  Not Applicable
                 5.      Evaluation of perforiance
                  Not Known
                 6.      Probleis/Liiitations
                  None  Known
                 7.      Cost
                  Not Known
                 8.      Other
                  Only  the  undersized (<3/4  .inch)  rod^jdun  qon^r a tes
                  hct/ar dous (. orn-r>ntr a L ions  of  Pb,  S.rt,   (J'J .irnj C'-t  on
                  the "CAM  WET"  lest  arid, thu^.,  reciujres 1  r eal nif-Tit .
                  The oversized residue  does  no I require tr o<.i tnien |-.
           B.     Dewatering Requiretents

                 None



IV.   CHEMICAL PREPROCESSING

           A.     Chemical Preprocessing to Alter Characteristics
                 and Ensure Compatibility with Treatment Influent
                 Requirements

                 Klon e  (No t.  Requ i r ed )

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V.  TREATMENT
         A.    Category and Technology
               Chemical fixation,  encapsulation,  -_-oJ i cli f icat ion
               and s tabi I i zat i on  of  inor g-  pr odui in<.)
               excellent. results.   There j-:  -'o< union t ed e^/idemo
               to  suppor t  the efficacy  o'  th"  K -2U  I ead In -Soil
               system technology.   I opu t '<:- k-20/l.sr: system  i'.
               applicable to r emedj at ing ha/.ir  dou\.  waste-  MM I
               a r- e y e n e r a t e d as:
               +    Hazardous residue  (solid or   sludge)  .iri^jng
                   f r • o rn a man u f a c t u r i n g p r o <: e s • -..
               •*•    Existing hia^ardous soil,  e.g. soil  or  s Judge
                   at a Super'fund site.
               +•    Hazardous residue  ,  e.g.
              Pb,  Ba,  Cd, Cr , etc.   Lopat  has  fur thor
              demonstrated thiat it's product is a complement  to
               the  incineration of solid  waste; K--20/LSC  being
              used  to  treat  incinerator  asfi residue containing
              toxic  metals and PCBs.

         C.     Process liiitations
              Although  the  composition of  the  waste stream
              varies  dramatically with varying proportions  of
              glass, plastic,  metal,  seat  cushions, etc., all  ol
              the  treatment-^  and results hia--e  been effective.

         D.     Rate of Treatient Process  I Length of Treatient
              Tiie
              Up to 200 tons  of residue per  day can be 1reated.
              As seen av.-  the  Waste i:-.-  treated  willi K 20/LSC,  the
              rixnljve r.-ii'i be -:idded.   The  treated re'  idue >--hould
              cure/  for at  least 24 hours before disposal.

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        E.       Design and Operating Conditions of Systei
                The  two step  treatment prixe-.s requires  I ha I  I he
                diluted K-20/LSC  sy tern be  aodf-d In  the  re--, Ldue
                and  thoroughly blended le'effec lu.ile k ;-'()/1 :>n
                i-uritact with all  par li< 1 es.   A < ement i t j eus
                fixative is then  added to i.re
                reported  observable effect on  treatment
                performance (i.e.  the treatments have been  iun%
                effective).

        6.       Coipare Design to Operating
                In over a year  uf operation,  no batch of  treated
                residue has  required  re-treat ment  or  been
                rejected.   All treated  residue  has  met  the  "CAM
                WET"  t es t r equi r emen ts.

        H.       Evaluation of Equipient
                Not Applicable

        I.       Influent I Effluent Concentrations
                Effectiveness of the  treatments-  are  summarized
                below.  Detailed analyses  of the  treated  samples
                are given  in  Table T  (attached):

        "CAM WET"  Test         "CAM WET" Test

        Kz£OZLLiQ_ti^3Ltive      i<.r.2£iZL.§iC...F.OJLt i_v.<->   "».._ Bt.'d'A1" IUJI'L  i n
        Tr eatmen 1               Treatment            Leach.iblt-1 MelaJ
        150 - 250  mg/1 Pb      <50 mg/1  F'b           .>:.:(.)%
        900 - 1600 mg/1 Zn     <25O mg/1  Zn          >05%
        2.0 - 2.7  mg/1 Cd      <1 mg/1 Cd           >t.S%
        5.0 - 6'. 7  mg/1 Cr      <5 mg/1 Cr           >!:":5%
                                                     f"*  * f'  - i~
        Waste Weight            Waste Volume         Ma t_e_r i a 1 s t o
        Increase Due            Increase Due         I.r....eat	l_TQn._
        tO Trea t merit            to  Tr-eatment        cif__Wa_s.te

         15%                         0%                  $20

Cost excludes shipping, labor,  capital  investments,  utilities,

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Sample
4O01
4002
40O5
4011
4012
40.13
4014
4020
4021
4022
4023
STLC
Limi t
(mg/1)
Pb
2.3
5.4
4.2
2.4
0.31
1.7
31.0
1.8
4.7
1.7
9 . 8
50.0*


ieaj.ed wi t.l
Cd
0 . 20
0 . 1 7
0 - 3t,
0 . 06
. 002
.02
0.13
0.075
0.12
. Ot.
( t . .] '^
1 . 0


          "CAM WL T.". .Ttii;:_t_..Rrj;;.u J (•>-. (ir\_  mg/ I ,) ui  An i o Si ir »>d<;|i .
                                     ?n        cu         Ni
                                     23        D.4J       1.2       U. "•'«.
                                     71.        3...-       i. 4       2. f.
                                     43        1.1        J.I       u.i;
                                     2.'.-»       '"J. 0       . :£:c'       1. 0
                                     0.50     0.25       <(>.,       C.G1-1

                                     1.0       41         <.06      <.0:.<
                                     43        1.7       0.73      1.4
                                     1.47     '"v.8       0.75      2. 1
                                     10.4     1.7       0.4:5      I./
                                     3.4       L::.4       O.fc.3      2.3
                                     110       l.o       0.58      2.."

                                     250.0    25.0       20.0      5.0
^A variance was Qfanted by  the  Department of  Healt Ir. Ser v i (. e-- ,
r:,;i 11 I or nia, whi
            the untreated  residue, which contains "fluff" (from
            seat  cushions), glass, plastic,  metal,  etc.  (all below
            3/4 inch screen size).  Because the  waste primarily
            contains "fluff",  there is no volume increase upon
            addition of the K-20™/LSC,  water', and  c emeriti t ious
            fixative.

       K.    Scale of Deionstration; Bench, Pilot,  Full-Scale
            Full  Scale  ongoing production at plant  site  after
            initial laboratory work

       N.    Scale-up Liiitations
            None  Known

       0.    Actual/Estiiated Capital & Operating Costs
            Client  r epor t*_>  monthly operating coM Caving--, in
            ext. e-s  of  $20,000 as <_-i result- of t MM led malcr iai
            being ruled  non-hazardous for disposal.

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       P.      Regulatory Test Protocol Results
              See  "I"

          0.    Periit Requireients
               The Depar (merit  of  Health  Service'-., G..-iJ. i f urn j a ,
               determined that the treated  auto -.hredder  residue
               has "mi t inciting physical  and/or  Chemical
               characteristics,  which fender  it irr.-i gn i f"i c an t   s<.1 mp 1 e  u f
               tl'ie treated waste ever'y t. minuter.  Lvr_>r y  sixteen
               hours,  the composite sample  of approximately lob'
               Ib  (containing  160 samples)  is mixed,  and  an «
               aliquot taken for  the "CAM  WE.1 "  !"<;•_.I.

          T.    Other
               See attached pctper .  "Field  Exper ienr H--,  with
               Silicate-Based  Systems for  the Treatment  of
               H a z a r d o u s W a s t e s.
VI.       OPERATIONAL  PROBLEMS  AND LIMITATIONS
          None Reported
VII.      RECOMMENDATIONS FOR  IMPROVEMENTS  OF PERfORMANCE
          None

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K20/LSC   TREATMENT  BY   BATCH   OR  CONTINUOUS  STREAM  PROCESSING

                    K-20/LSC nay bt added to the bulk waste mattrial  as •pacified by the
                    LOPAT laboratory and blended when temperatures of the materials
                    to be treated and the ambient temperature In the  treatment area
                    art between 45 degrees and 120 degrees Fahrenheit
    AZARDOUS HASTE MATERIAL
           INCINERATOR ASHoSANO*
           FURNACE SLAG*SOIL*
           PLATING HASTE*
           SALVAGE RESIDUE*
                      sc
    KEO LEAD-IN-SOIL CONTROL
                     in
        (MATERIALS CONTAINING
         TOXIC  HEAVY METALS)
              After th* wast* material has b«»n
              thoroughly watted th* racomintndcd
              ctm*ntItlog*  fixative or comblnatle
              of fixative*  1» added,  the total
              mat* I* then  given a
              thorough blending
        PARTI
          A
PART
  B
           COMBINE
           AND  EXTEND
RECOMMENDED FIXATIVE
          OR
FIXATIVE COMBINATION
                    V   V
Uaete material le to be wetted
thoroughly with the K20/LSC compound.
(diluted In accordance with the
LOPAT lab specification) and blended
                V
             o
                                    YOUR ONSITE NIXING FACILITY
                            B
 The waete material may be  proceeeed In batches
 of  any amount or In a contlnuoue «tream.
 Prepare and  treat waste In volumes
 suitable for the equipment being ueed.
               Remove  form blender to pad or backfill for  curing.  Lopat
               recommends curing under ambient conditions/  undisturbed for
               approx. 72 hra. After curing the treated material
               may be  testsd  by EP Toxlclty for handling as non-hazardous.

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                      AOfMCV
                                                                        OfC*G!
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES
       sttnr
JACIJUU/MTO, t*  f»IU
 (9)6) 3211.1 807
                                                            February  21,  1986
              CONFIDENTIAL
          Dear Mr. confidential
         Ve have  reviewed  the an«lys*j or your auto  Jhr«dd«r  wist*  rtporttd on
         Crovn «nd CAldwtll1* Utt«rh«od, lo^ Mo.  f36.01.1K6,  with a  'rtportcd*
              ef January 31,
         Tht  d«tf  eont«ln«d  in  that rtport  r«prtj*ntJ  tht analytlcil  rtaulta
         from sampltl  taken during  a  joint effort  b«tv«*n  tht Department  und
         .1 confidential    on Jftnunry 3,  1le  (CAO).   Therefore,  thu wtute  Is  eltsslfled  as a
         nonhazardous wost'e.
         In  the  event  that  your  wnste  ohfln^es  icr that  previously  submitted
         Information  no  lonKtfr  supports  the  Deportment's decision  and  your
         waste  Is hazardous,  you must  mnnnxe  your wtist*  aa hazardous.   Tho
         mtnaftmtnt-end disposal of your non.luiznrdous waste rwnMns  subjeet  to
         the  requirements of other at4te unrt  local  Jur is>Uitlons  that refulate
         non-hatardous wost«*.
,  1C  you have  any questions
  office,
                                              this matter, please  contact  this
                                           Sincerely,
                                                     /
                                           Onvid  J.  Leu,  Ph.D., Chief
                                           Alternative  Technology and  Policy
                                             Development  Section
                                           Toxic  Substances Control Division
       OJLiHKttM]
       been/ George Trazak  Ph.D.
             K7rlT47\le^l "fthy. oopt.
             University y«f C.il
             Etchovorry Moll
             Oofkeley,  CA  9^720

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           Field  Experiences with  Silicate-Based  Systems  for  the
                             Treatment  of  Hazardous  Wastes

                                                 G. J. Trezek
                                  Department  of Mechanical Engineering
                                           University of California
                                             Berkeley, California

                                               J.  Wotherspoon
                                            Hugo Neu-Proler Co.
                                         Terminal Island, California

                                                   D. J.  Leu
                                California Department  of Health Services
                                     Toxic Substance Control Division
                                           Sacramento,  California

                                                 L.  R. Davis
                                                  C. D.  Falk
                                           Lopat  Enterprises, Inc.
                                          Wanamassa,  New  Jersey
TRACT

lew chemical treatment for hazardous waste applications has
developed and found successful in an actual Held application.
generating teachable lead concentrations in the range of 200
) mg/1 using the California WET procedure (which is far more
cm than U.S. EPA's Extraction Procedure Toxicity test) were
:ted to treatment and subsequently re-tested for lead. Test
s show  the teachable lead  concentrations in the treated
•ial  were reduced to only 2 to 4 mg/l (the California stand-
 5 mg/l). In one case, a sample  having a concentration of
 mg/l was reduced to 10 mg/l lead with only a modest in-
• in treatment. The cost of the treatment is in the range of
i S20 per ton. This chemical treatment is based on the use
roprietary silicate-based system in  combination with a cemen-
s fixative, such as lime, which generally does not result in
intial volume increases, as is typical with traditional fixation
tabilization approaches.

ODUCTION
ults obtained under Held conditions of a new silicate-based
lent system  for mitigating,  teachable heavy metals  are
ited. To date, chemical treatment  approaches have been, for
osi part, developed in an ad hoc fashion by commercial in-
;. Moreover, the field seems confusing because of the many
mi names given to that class of techniques wherein a relatively
ess chemical(s), usually liquid, is reacted with the hazardous
to render i: harmless enough so that it no longer has to be
(jed as  a  hazardous waste. For  example, some speak of
cal fixation, chemical stabilization, encapsulation or chemical
lent. Although no standard names, definitions or tests to
(he effectiveness of such techniques exist, treated materials
evaluated by the California Waste  Extraction Test procedure
)  This test differs from the traditional U.S. EPA-Exiraciion
dure toxicity lest in thai treated material is ground so that
pass through a 10  mesh sieve and then is heated 20-40°C
i hr in citric acid instead of acetic acid for 24 hr.
  successful development and  implementation  of  (his
>logy involved the collaboration nd integrated efforts of four
 groups. These groups included an industry which had a problem
 and elected to find a solution through treatment rather than litiga
 lion, a university that assisted in the design and evaluation of the
 treatment,  a state regulatory agency (Department of  Health
 Services) which encouraged the development of a new treatment
 technology and supported the effort through a meaningful appli-
 cation of the regulations, and a company (Lopat Enterprises, Inc.)
 that was able to develop and produce a custom-blended chemical
 system that would prove to be effective in treating widely variable
 hazardous wastes.
 NATURE OF THE PROBLEM
   The 200 ton/day waste stream that required  treatment wai
 generated in the process of shredding cars. This material, commonly
 known as auto shredder residue, is a heterogenerous mixture of
 non-ferrous  residuals remaining after an automobile has been
 shredded and the ferrous material removed. The size distribution
 ranges from fine sand-like particles of glass, plastic, metal, etc
 to Jarge pieces of seat cushions,  dash boards, parts of tires, trim
 molding, etc. Parts of electrical components can also be found
 throughout the size distribution.
  As a  result of the shredding  process, the residue also has a
 30-40% moisture content. In addition, because of a high rate of
 bacterial action on its organic matter, interaction of iron fines.
 moisture and pressure resulting from depth of burden, large piles
 of residue behave similarly to compost piles  and are prone to
 combustion. Once combustion occurs, the piles have been known
 to smolder for long periods of time.
  Based on the California WET procedure, the soluble lead content
 of this waste stream is on the order of  100 to  300 mg/l. Consc
 quently, the initial attention was focused on lead because it ex-
 ceeded the California hazardous  waste classification threshold of
 5 mg/l. The scope was expanded further to include cadmium, zin.
 and PCBs. The levels of these constituents are as  follows: cad.-nium,
0.8 to 4  mg/l; zinc, up to 2000 mg/l; and PCBs, non-detectable
to 100 mg/l
  Since  the residue was considered hazardous according to the
California WET procedure, the state and local regulatory agencies
                                                                                TREATMENT* DISPOSAL    303

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required thai it be managed as a hazardous waste,  thereby pre-
venting it from going to a normal municipal landfill  for disposal.
The unavailability of local hazardous waste options required thai
I  be trucked out of  state at a  considerable cost. It is interesting
o note that the material satisfies the U.S. EPA requirements so
hat it can be considered a nonhazardous waste in states other than
ralifornia.

•REATMENT METHODOLOGY
 A successful treatment system had to satisfy the following con-
raints: (I) the treated material had to be rendered nonhazardous
ccording to the California WET procedure, (2) the treatment had
>  be economically justifiable,  and (3) because of the regulatory
urdcns affiliated with becoming a treater of hazardous waste, the
laicrial had  to be rendered non-hazardous in (he process line in
rdcr to avoid evoking the hazardous waste  permit  regulations.
ficr rejecting several chemical treatment techniques such as  the
rcct application of caustic soda and several high pH commercial
iclating agents,  a  treatment  system utilizing silicates was
•velopcd. The motivation for selecting silicates is that the technical
id commercial literature indicate that they are effective in some
•plications and they are relatively harmless and readily available
mmercially.
A  commercial silicate blend known as K-20™/Lead-in-Soil
MH.iminant   Control  System  (K-20™/LSC), developed and
inufactured  by Lopat Enterprises Inc.,  of Wanamassa, New
rsey,  was selected because of its ability to  be custom-blended
  needed   for a  particular application.*  Typically,  the
20™/LSC  System  consists of an equal  mixture of a silicate
 ution of varying viscosity and a "catalyst" which usually con-
ns a  dispersing agent. Typically, the K-20™/LSC mixture is
spared just prior to  use from  the components, i.e.,  part A con-
ns the silicate blends and part B contains the catalyst. The ratio
 parts A and B utilized depends on the mixture of the silicate
d  the particular requirements of the field application. In this
plication, a 50/50 ratio of A and B provided the greatest cost-
cctiveness and ease of use in the field.
The treatment is completed by mixing the silicate wetted residue
 h a ccmentitious material such as lime, Pozzalime™, portland
nent, kiln dust or fly ash. To satisfy the previously mentioned
atment goals, it was necessary to optimize the custom blend  of
10™  with the proper amount of cementitious material so that
effective treatment  methodology could be achieved  which pro-
es the necessary mitigating characteristics to render the residue
compliance with California standards for nonhazardous wastes.
The treated  material must be  allowed to cure.  Residues which
 damp after treatment may require one to two days for drying
I curing.  Several mechanisms  have been postulated  for the
cacy  of the technology. In the case of a heavy metal contamina-
i such as  lead, it is  believed that a lead metasilicate is formed
ich is an insoluble precipitate.  The  results suggest that the
IO™/LSC silicate  system  deeply  penetrates into  the waste
terial and causes tight bonding.
'he development of the treatment system for the 200 ton/day
due stream began with a series of .laboratory studies in which
 Ib samples were treated by a process of preconditioning through
:ening followed by applications of various levels and blends of
0™/LSC and lime  in order to achieve a desired level of treat-
it and cost-effectiveness. In this case, a custom K-20™/LSC
id  was created which optimized the treatment of lead.
 asically, the custom K-20™/LSC blend plus lime resulted in
sing the California  WET procedure at 5 mg/l at a cost of S25
•30/ton treated. However, independent studies by the Depart-
it of  Health Services indicated that treating the predominant
n of  lead found  in the residue (divalent  form of lead oxide)
i  level of 50 mg/l would be an acceptable standard  for dispo-
jn in  a municipal landfill. This decreased the treatment costs
>« Induilnu. Inc U lh« OWIMT of U.S. Pilfm No. 4,47S,»SI inurd Oci 9. 1914 and nullltd
TABULATING  SEALANT FOR THE TREATMENT AND  PRESERVATION OF
.DING  MATERIALS"  cktcribed herein, tnd co-mvtnied  by Dr. Qurki
ilk tnd  Mi Lincoln R Oivii, eiriptoytfi of Lopti
  to approximately SlO/ton.
    The laboratory proof of the concept determination was follow •
  ed by a large-scale pilot plant at the site and the full-scale mstalla
  tion of the system. The configuration of the treatment system in-
  cluded an 8- by 20-ft screen (surplus equipment from a coal min-
  ing operation), a  spray chamber  for the K-20™/LSC and water
  mixture on'the undersize material  and a pug mill for mixing.
    Controls were developed which allowed equal mixtures of the
  K-20™/LSC A and B solutions to  be mixed on line with an
  appropriate amount of water and sprayed into a hopper receiving
  the screened undersized material. The screened oversize material
  did not exceed the hazardous waste threshold value for lead and,
  thus, did not require treatment. Approximately 50 to 60% of the
  weight of the incoming material to the screen was in the fines. The
  treated material was placed on a concrete pad to cure and, because
  of its non-hazardous character, could be taken to a conventional
  landfill for final disposal.
    Unfortunately, the treatment without cementitious material docs
  not  adequately reduce the levels of cadmium and zinc. The design
  of the full-scale treatment system, however, included a provision
  for lime  feeding at the midpoint of  the pug mill mixer. The com-
  bination of K-20™/LSC with a cementitious fixative broughi all
  of the metal leachate values within acceptable levels according 10
  the California WET procedure. For example,  at a level of treat-
  ment of about  S20 to S25/lon residue, the metal leachatc value*
  from the residues were reduced in (he treated material, respectively,
  as follows: lead, 92  to 43 mg/l; cadmium, 3.4 to 0.2 mg/l; and
  zinc, 1900 to 240  mg/l.

  EXPERIENCES WITH OTHER WASTES

    Some preliminary work has been conducted for a national com-
  pany having a major battery recycling plant in California. The first
  step in the recycling process involves the milling of the batteries;
  the milling essentially breaks apart the case and frees the internal
  components containing lead. During the milling operation, the
  plastic casings become impregnated with lead so that the waste
 stream is considered  a hazardous waste in California. WET lead
  levels of 400 to 700 mg/l  have been measured.
   Our initial results with K-20™/LSC and lime indicate (hat lead
 levels of 40 mg/l can be achieved at  a cost of about SlOO/ton. Plans
 are underway for field testing of the treatment through a modifi-
 cation  of existing equipment in the  process line.
   Various sludges  from industrial processing that contain large
 quantities of lead,  on the order of I to 5%, are being subjected
 to the treatment. In one case, a 1  to 2% heterogeneous lead sludge,
 treated with  custom  blended K-20™/LSC  and  lime,  yielded
 results  of about  140  mg/l  by the WET procedure and 0.2  mg/l
 by the EP toxicity test. The approximate cost of the treatment was
 approximately SlOO/ton. A large-scale field test is being considered
 to further refine the process and economics of treating the 1.500,000
 gal of sludge.
   A K-20™/LSC System is being evaluated for a site containing
 40 acres of soil contaminated with  lead to a depth of about 10 ft.
 This  site would be  a  prime candidate for a mobile on-site treat-
 ment system embodying this technology. Preliminary indications
 are  that the soil can be  treated  with K-20™/LSC and  Poz
 zalime™, resulting  in essentially a soil-like material which can be
 backfilled.
  The treatment also has  been  applied to a  sludge containing
 barium where the EP toxicity test  levels were reduced from 400
 mg/l to 36.5 mg/l barium  at a cost of about  S70/ton of sludge.
 Soils containing 2000 mg/kg of  arsenic and 1000 mg/kg  of
 chromium were treated with K-20™/LSC and lime to give a 75°fo
 reduction in arsenic and a 90V« reduction in chromium. The respec-
 tive WET procedure values were 97 mg/l and 22 mg/l. Preliminary
 results on  incinerator ash  are also  encouraging; the treatment
 reduced lead levels  from 17 mg/l to 0.05 mg/l on the EP toxicity
 test at a cost of about S50/ton of ash.

CONCLUSIONS
  This field-tested treatment methodology offers several unique
     TREATMENT & DISPOSAL

-------
advantages. Briefly, the silicate-based K-20™/LSC mixture can
be custom-blended  to achieve certain desired results in terms  of
treatment level for a particular waste with concurrent cost effective-
ness. In general, the volume increase of the treated material is small,
and in some cases there is no volume increase. This is particularly
important when the final disposal of residues must be considered.
  It is also possible that certain treated materials could be cast into
a form which would allow their reuse  as feed stock in another
manufacturing process. For example, consideration is being given
to further treating auto shredder waste residue so that  it can  be
 used as a lightweight aggregate. Treated ash and certain sludges
 are being considered as material for concrete and brick making.
 Contaminated  soils  can be backfilled after treatment, thereby
 eliminating further disposal.

  Preliminary results indicate that the  treatment is capable of
dealing with wastes  having high concentrations of metal  con-
tamincnt*. The application of the technology is relatively straight-
forward to that  it could be easily incorporated into a mobile treat-
ment system.
                                                                                          TREATMENT & DISPOSAL     305

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 Project Log # 86-08
Incinerator Bottom Ash

-------
T.    GENERAL
           A.    Log Nuiber of Project
                 '&-• Do

           8.    Matrix Description
                 Inc j nercituf  a-^i  (bottom  cr-li) c ont.jmi n.-t I t-d with
          C.    Contalinant Descriptions and Concentrations
                 70.5  niQ/1  Pt>
                 0.1?  mg/J  As
                 35.0  ing/1  Bd
                 0.048 mg/1  Cd
                 O.Ot.  mg/1  Or
                 (Obtained  from  the EP  Toxic ity  Te^t )

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IJ.     MATERIAL.S  HANDLING
           A.     Transport and Feed Requireients
                   fhe  K- 20/1.: >C  sy st HID  t equ i \ <•»•-, :
                   I     th<-"il 1 wo  J iqu.id  c omponen t'-  mi.r . I  bt1 blended  .ind
                        diluted P't ior   to oippli t_ a i" ion  !u -it y  w<:r-le.
                   ^     that dry  I ixative  mater ip.t t men I
                  pr CM. e-- s .   Spf ay  i.-tppcit <:i t.i.ih.  wi I I apply  I he  d i  J M I e
                  twc-p.-if t  K -20/1 SO  formal .1.   Wdtor  supply  i-
                  Mi'quiced  fof  di Jut ion  oc  to  .i n<. r f->.i>- ^' wv-'ll iri'i
                  ui  I inn.   Hop|:x.'M->  may  be  fequiM-.'d I > ^  . :lfy  f,tw
                  iiiiith
                  I he i. Hin
-------
ii;.    PHYSICAL   pRiipRorrr/.iNi.,

             A.      Oversize Material Preparation  Requireients

                     Mi Ji K •   Ui >qu J r  L":!

             B.      Dewateiing Require«ents

                     NoriM   Ki-'qu i t  ir"d



IV.    HMLMJCAL   PRI rnuHCr,':.]  Ni.,

             A.      Cheucal  Preprocessing to Alter Characteristics
                    and Ensure Coipatibility with  Treatient Influent
                    Requireients.

                    Mi inn  Rpqi.i j t  i-jd

-------
V.  TREATMENT
         A.    Category and Technology
               Chemical fixation,  enr.-ipy.ul al inn,  •-n i idi f it at ion
               and •--.tabil i Z'it i on of"" i nor gan i c  voj.il ile und
               non-volatile  toxic  metal-,, and  certain nun met al J
               ("oxic elements  and organic compounds.   The
               t r ea t men t  t equ i. t es:

               K-20 Lead-in-Soil Control  (K--20/L3C)
               A  site-specific  formulation used  in  the control
               and remediation  of hazardous  leachable toxic
               metals contained in  soil, soil-like  sol id--. o>
               semi-solid par ticulate  matter .

               Specifically, Lopat  develops rnodif ic a I ion-:, of an
               essential proprietary formulation  bused on l"he
               K-20/LSC System.
         B.    Criteria and rationale for selection
              lopat  has per formed  hundr ed--. ot -.-.0 I i di t 11 uljon
              and  fixation treatments on a v.:u ii-'fy  u r  wu-,  wusle--. thai
              ar (?  generated by:
              *    Hazardous residue  (solid or sludge.)  
-------
        E.    Design and Operating Conditions of Systei
              Ihe two-otep treatment process requires that  the diluted
              K--20/LSC  system  be  added  to the ash  and thoroughly  blended
              to effectuate K~20/LSC contact with  all particles.   A
              i. emen I" 11 i ous fixative is  then added  to create an. inor ganic
              matrix  whuh further  inhabit-, the  leachability of toxic- metal:

        F.    Variability of Operating Paraieters
              "Ihn v.ir  i-.ibi li I y  ol  various  parameters on  the  effectiveness
              of the  treatment  h<.ts not  been studied for  this par ta.rul.ar
              appli ( a t i on  but  other  similar  treatments;  have indicated that
              treatment  effectiveness would be essentially  independent of
              moderate  v.ir  iarions in the  operating parameters.

        G.    Coipare Design to Operating
              N< .t  APP I i i -j
K-
F- i.
/n
0.
. ,-
1 1 .
1 1 .
7O
0.
35
0.
0.
70
0.
.$5>
U .
(l.
sill 1 . Ri-
2O
x.a
,.r.,
17
.0
04
(X,
.5
17
.0
04
06
.5
17
.0
114
(U,
/!• ;;C;
t~J yo.
mg/ 1
mg/ I
mq/i
u mg/ 1
mg/ J
mg/ 1
mg/ 1
mg/1
8 mg/1
mg/ 1
mg/1
mg/ 1
mg/1
!.! mq/1
mq/ 1
1 f (.1 r e


Pb
As
Ba
Cd
Cr
Pb
As
Ba
Cd
Cr
Pb
As
Ba
Cd
Cr
F ixative Treatment
iJ.Ujilir.'jEll.
Analysis
<0.2 mg/1 Pb
0.07 mg/1 As
2.3 mg/1 Ba
0.0 It. mg/1 Cd
<0.01 mg/1 Cr
0.5 mg/1 Pb

. «!.
o
. ^.
7
mg/1
5 mg/
O mg/
mg/1
Ba
1
C
1
1
Ba
.01 mg/1
.1
o
. 4_
o
0
mg/1
5 mg/
0 mg/
mg/ 1.
.01 mg/
.1
.t_
ejr_
D
mg/1
C
1
1
Ba
1
Pb
As

Cd
r
Pb
As

Cd
r
Pb
As

Cd
Cr
.RQtlucii'-TJ.
Leuc
Met.a
>99.
5''%
':>3%
67%
>*:;%
•-^ . 3
>':>4%
95%
> 90%
> 83%
>OW.
v>4%
71%
>90%
03%
hable
.1
7% Pb
As
Ra
Cd
Cr
% PL)
As
Ba
Cd
Cr
7% Pb
As
Ba
Cd
Cr
of Raw__
i_aj_5._
f Wa--
.to.
te
Treal
.+




  HI             4.^
  j-n->             •').--".;                  7%               $'..7
  it,;             /u/-'.,     '            17%               $70
o-.t oxc lu«.1i'-   -h i p|.'in>:i ,  l.tl'.or, capital expenditures,  utilities, etc

-------
 J.  Types, Quantities of by-products
    There are  no by-products  ot  other  of fluents other  than  the
    stabilized bottom  ash.

 K.  FloN Diagrai of Total Treatient Systei
    The  scaled-up treatment system may  be repr esented  by the
    attached diagram.

 L.  Physical and Cheiical Description of Processed Residual
    The  untreated incinerator  ash r (-.••-.embl ed soil in < ulur ,
    particle size,  and consistency.   Treat merit  ttj  produced  larger
    particles  (small granules)  wilh  a  subs t .mt i
-------
r
K20/LSC   TREATMENT   BY   BATCH   OR  CONTINUOUS  STREAM  PROCESSING
                       K-20/LSC mly b« addtd to tK« bulk «*•«• material  «• «p«clfi»d by th»
                       LOPAT  laboratory and bl»nd*d when t*np*r atur •» of th* material*
                       to b»  treated and tS* ambient tampvr&tur* In th»  trtatmtnt »r»»
                       art b«tn»»ri 45
       AZARDOUS WASTE MATERIAL
              INCINERATOR ASH*SAND«
              FURNACE SLAC*80IL*
              PLATING HASTE*
              SALVAGE RESIDUE*
                        m
           (MATERIALS CONTAINING
             TOXIC HEAVY METALS)
                                     K30 LEAD-IN-SOIL  CONTROL
                                         FART]     IPART
                                           A.          B
                                            COMBINE
                                            AND EXTEND
Aft«r tK» watt*  matarltl  hat b«»n
thoroughly n«tt«4  tht r«cow«i»nd«d
c»m»ntItlout flxatlv* or  comblnttlo
of flxitlv«a !•  addvd. th« total
matt  It th«n given a
thorough  bltndlng
RECOMMENDED FIXATIVE
          OR
FIXATIVE COMBINATION
                                    U&tt* material (• to  b« v«tt«
-------
:i:.)Nvwjj'jjM -jj ju  r;iN;iwjAoN.JWT  yod SNoEivcihGwwnajy      M FA
                          (iNv sw.riyoHd

-------
   Project Log # 87-30
Paint Manufacturing Sludge

-------
GF:NLRAI
     A.      Log Nuiber of Project
            ::' -.10

     B.      Matrix Description
            r. ludt.H'  c on t f\\ n i rig  J end 
-------
1 I. .     MATERIALS  HANDLING
          A.     Transport and Feed Requireients
                 rt'iH K-2U/I..:.5C •..y-.tem require^:
                 i   thai  two  .Liquid i_ omponen I <  inu- I  be  b (ended  and
                    diluted pr lor  to applii arjnn  lu dr y w.r-tc
                 i   1hi.it  dr .   I ixative  mater iaJi. bo added tu  "ii'Med
                    ui. t-J e in. 11 er iu 1 .
                 I-   Ih.-il  i t t '.-i i ed Wei--. IP  be  .-i J J i 'Ni->d fn  ii.ui'  I i u  .t  .is
                    I It   (1)1 U (.' -
                1.  Process/Equipient description
                BJi-'Tidfr  nulls or  simiJar appat >-.(tu-'-., i.-.i.ul.'ib J >.• fr>r
                continuous  or  bati h processing,  arc required h_i
                blen<^  the m.itPricils at  two  stngps in  I he  I r t-.i tmen
                pr ex. e- >•_,.   J^F'r.iy appar at us will   .ipply  I hie  dilute
                twu-p.-ir L  K •  20/l.^C for mulct.   Water  -.uppLy  \-.-.-
                required  for  dilution  or tu increase  welling
                a-,  tion.   Hoppers  may be  required 1»r  dry  raw
                ma I er ia 1 s haridling.   A  spray i hiamber  may  t>rj  usrd
                to add the  dJiute K-X'O/l. S(-  c ompunent v.  and  a  pug
                miJl  may  be  used  fur  mixing Lhe  >.-ludgH  withi  Lhie
                s e 1 e c t e d  c e merit i t i o u s  f i x a t i v e .
                2.   Availability of equip«ent
                fquipment  i.s  in w.ide U'..e ..ind i-   reudi ly .iv,-u table
                new  and used.
                3.   Degree of deionstration accoiplished
                L a b o r a t o r y  e x p e r i m e n t \=>
                4.   Fugitive eiissions control
                Not  applicable
                5.   Evaluation of perforiance
                Cxcellent
                6.   Probleis/Liiitations
                None  Known
                7.   Cost
                Not  Known
                S.   Other
                None

-------
III.         I'MY'sTTA!   PKT PK'ni \LCC-l Mb

              A.      Oversize Material  Preparation Require«ents

                      N< ii it •  l\t ''-(i.i i  f t •>:!


              B.      Dewatering  Requiretents
IV.    CHLMICAI..   PRLPROCEIGSJNL,

             A.      Cheaical Preprocessing to Alter Characteristics
                     and Ensure Co«patibility with Treatsent Influent
                     Requireients.

                      Mont:-  Requi c  (.><:!

-------
FKLA ! Ml Ml
      A.      Category and Technology
             (.hefiiit. . 11   f j >.. 11  11 ii i ,  i -i H . ij.•  n I .t I 11111 ,   i > I j d i I i i . i I i i >i i
             ,tnd •.> tc.iL'> i I L /t i}c in i i   vi> 1. 11 i 1<•  nil
             non~-yola t i .1 e toxit.  mol a 1 v>,  and  i i'f tain
             nonme t'a 1 i i <  LOXH  e Lemon I-   . ,nd  C)
             A  si t e-spt-t. i f i<-  f nrmuJ  (. Lin I ..-i j I'uvd  j r i  ^-oi.1,   ^uj I   J J kn  '_.(.jJ id-  nr
             stMiii -so 1. id  p  of  «.in  (".^.pnt i   nl   w<  :-ult'-.   Thifr e  i1---  dot unienti-'d  r-vidnrn (•
             to  -.i.ippor  t  the  efficacy  uf  the  K - 20  Lv-.td- In-l'.ojJ
             -.-.ystein ti-M. hnolo<^y .   Lop.it's K-20/L'M.-  ' >y  I <-m  i •-
             .tppl i i: .ibl e  to  Mjmudi ;!  <_r .:
             l    Iki/radou'  feoidi.ie  (^ol_id of   - - I udqi • >  -\t \'-' i rn:i
                 fc om  ci  mHni.if.:i(. tar ii'i':]  F>f ot. c'>.-•• -.
             f   Existing  hn/.if duns ^oiJ, i'.g.  .nil of  -r.li.idgt-
                 .a 1   a  3 u p e t fund •.-- i t o .
             •*   Hcizar'dous M"->idue  «-irising  from  tl'n-
                 incineration of  tox it.  waste.
             :+   Hazardous fly  cish

             K-2O/LSC   i'"  nffective in  c on I r ol I jng  l.h<-'  loxii
             metals maridal ed undef  RORA  f tjijii.i I ..i I i m'r-.,   tj _ ^ .   F'b ,
             Ba,  Cd ,  Cf ,  uli. .   Lopa I has fi.irthnn  demons I t .11 i 'd
             that  it's product  is  a  <: omplomrvn I  lo  the
             incineration of solid w.i--. In;  K-2d/iSC   t-ein-i  i.r e<:l
             to  treat  incinerator  ash  residue t on lainjng  LOXK
             metals and  PCBs.

      C.      Process li«itations
             None ex pet. t ed

      D.      Rate of Treatient Process t Length of Treatment
             Tiie
             Co  be 'Jeter mined  by  the \ 1  i en t .

-------
               Design and Operating Conditions of Systei
               The two-step  11 eat men t  process  requires  Ihdt the
               diluted K-20/L3C system be- ' added 1<> the  'sludge t_e  Vp_.
Increase Due
to Tr eat.men t

    151%
    114%
    100%
    1 1 8%
Co_sJL_.g_f	Rj:iw_	
M <3 Jte L_i a_ls_J-J-L _.I_r. e a t
i ..T.orI ..tif.—W'it'-'te.t	

    Sfc.l
    $.-../
      exclude-;, shipping, labor,  capital  expenditures,  utili

-------
K20/LSC  TREATMENT   BY  BATCH  OR   CONTINUOUS   STREAM   PROCESSING

                     K-20/LSC j»ay b% added to the bulk «aete material  a* cpeclfled by the
                     LOPAT  laboratory and blended when temperatur•» of the material*
                     to be  treated and tKt ambient temperature  In the  treatment ar»a
                     ara between 45 degree* and 120 degree* FahranKalt
     AZARDOUS  WASTE  MATERIAL
            INCINERATOR ASH*SAND*
            FURNACE SLAG*80R*
            PLATING HASTE*
            SALVAGE RESIDUE*
K20  LEAD-IN-SOIL CONTROL
Afttr tk* waat« material haa b*«n
thoroujhl^ Mtttad tha  raco
-------
           j.     Types, Quantities of by-products
                 There  are riu  by-product-  or  iithor  ft M Mont--  other
                 than the --.-I  ab i li/ed  s lud'jo.

           K.     Flow Diagrai of Total Treatient Systei
                 The scaled-up treatment system may  be repro^-en I ed
                 by the at tat hed diagram.

           L.     Physical and Cheiical Description of Processed
                 Residual
                 The untreated sludge was very  DJ Ly  and t Luid nnd
                 probably contained 40% or  morn oil  and water .
                 All four treatments  produced a sol.id  granular
                 product  with  the consistency of" moderately  sur't
                 ear th.

           H.     Scale of Deionstration; Bench, Pilot,
                 Full-Scale
                 Only bench  scale experiment^- have  been p^r rurmed.

           N.     Scale-up Liiitations                                     •
                 Not Known

           0.     Actual/Estiiated Capital 4 Operating Costs
                 Not  Known

           P.     Regulatory  Test Protocol Results
                 See I

           0.     Periit Requireients
                 The client  is  responsible f:or  obtaining all
                 necessary  permits.

           R.     Post-Treatient controls for Process Effluents
                 Post. -Tr Rdtmen t .controls,  equipment,  and costs are
                 at the client's discretion.

           S.     Monitoring  & Data Collection Requirements
                 Monitor'ing  the  treatment  is  also at  the client's
                 discretion •.

           T.    ' Other
                 None
VI.       OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS  AND LIMITATIONS

          None Known - Based on  Laboratory Scale Expor i merit:


VII.      RECOMMENDATIONS  FOR IMPROVEMENTS OF  PFRrOKMANCF

          None

-------
Project Log # 87-24
   Blasting Sand

-------
I.    GENERAL
          A.    Log Nuiber of Project
                87-24

          B.    Katrix Description
                Sand contaminated  with  lead

          C.    Contatinant Descriptions and Concentrations
                2200 mg/1 Pb  to 6200 mg/1  Pb
                (Obtained from the EP Toxicity Test).

-------
i.     MATE:RIALs HANDLING

         A.    Transport and Feed Requireients
                I he  K -2O/I..'",(.:  ••y-.tem  require  .
                i     I hot  two  liquid  < omponent -. mu<>l  be Mended and
                     diluted prior  to  oippj i t. a I inn  In dry w.r.le.
                I     that  dr y  I ix.-iLlve lli.iler i,il- b> •  ,i':k1ed  If. welled
                     waste mat er  id 1 .
                i     that  (routed waste be  ullowod  lo  t ur e  fnr   ,i
                     duy or  nil n e.

               1.    Process/Equipient description
               Blender  mill   or similar  appar a t i.r.,  suitable  I nr
               (  on 1 J nu< )u-->  nr   batch  [>t or essinq, are r  equ i r ed  tn
               blond  the materials  at  two  s1 ago-  in  1 he  I r eu I men I
               proioss.   r.pfay  appar atus will  aF>P 1 y  ttie dilute
               two-part  K-20/I..3C  formula.   Water  supply  i ,
               required  for  dilution  or  to irn. r e,-r-.e  well  in-:i
               ai. Lion.    HopF'er s may  be required 1 nr   dry raw
               fd.-iier i a 1'-. hand I J nq -    A  -.pray  '  li<-imtu-'r   ma/  be  \.c (••:!
               In  wet  I he  L-dnd  with  the  diluti-' K ;•'()/!.',(: ,tinj ,t |:>uq
               flu 11  may  be  used for   mixing the we I ted  -..md  wilh
               t tie ( Hinon t i t i ous fixative.
               2.    Availability of equipient
               I- qu i rxiien t  i <-. reaijily  avaiiaLde,  new  arn:!  used.
               3.    Degree  of defonstration accofplished
               Laboratory e x F > e r i m e n t •-.
               4.    Fugitive enssions control
               M< jt  AF>P! i  ( ab 1 e
               5.    Evaluation of  perforiance
               E."xi  ellerit
               6.    Problets/Liiitations
               None  Knowri
               7.    Cost
               Not  Knowri
               8.    Other
               None

-------
 nr.    pHYurnAL  rRrpR

              A.      Oversize  Material  Preparation Requireients

                     I lorn >  linqu 1 1 i»d


              B.      Dewatering Requireients

                     None  R
1 V -    ( :i II. MTCAI   r>K>l.l'>ROCL":::)STN(J

             A.      Cheiical Preprocessing to Alter  Characteristics
                    and Ensure Compatibility with Treatient  Influent
                    Requirements

                     Nnnp Requ i t ed

-------
V.   TRF-IATMENl
           A.    Category and Technology
                 Chi HID i< <-t 1  i a xn ,   >n ,   u J  i dj I 11. < 11 i on
                 and  s Lab ili .-N.t I i on  <>l  i nrn gan it.  volalilo  and
                 non--voln I i J e  tn^ji  fiu-tal^,  .iri':l < or l.iin nonnu • I ,; !  i t
                 loxu.  elements and organit  .    rhe
                 I t Pat men I  r equi t v- :

                 K -i-.'i.i load  In -ooi i  Control  (l< ,'ii/i:.i. i
                 A •. i I o ---,pfji i 1 11   ('or iin.i 1,11  i uii  11 - f 'd  i ri  Mm  i i in I  f •'. i
                 arid  reiTH'di at i ni i  of"  ha/ar dou- -  ioai h.iblo liid'-> of  • u I j d i 1 11 ,i ( i rn i
                 «.ind  f i x < i! i (>n  I f i M I /HI >n ! - > i u i .1   . if 11 • I y  of  w< r I < " >  in
                 1 cibuf a t or  y  <-tnd  1it.->J'.1 >..-(. .-tit-1 projpi l •-.  pr ndi.i( i rn;i
                 excellent  t esults.   Thnr e>  is do<. i.tm<->n 1 ed  (>v i (dene e
                 to suppor  t  1 he ef f ic-ac y of the !<  ll'i i  Lv.-id- Jn ".o i I
                 -i-y^tem  technology.   Lnp,n l ' >i.  K-20/LoC  Sy-li-Mn  i.-.,
                app) 1 i r rib i e  1o  t emedi d  . r->:
                >     Hazardou'-  residue (snjjd nr  sli.idgt>)  oil or -Judge
                      ..it  <:t Sup e r f u n d s i t e.
                 *     Ha/ardous residue arising   (rom I ho
                      inr i riHr .at ion  of  toxic was U->.
                 »     H.'izar dm.c-  f 1 y asl'i

                K--2Q/LSC is effective in  i. ontr o.U ing  l he  h.xii.
                met.rtJs  mandated  under  r.he F-iCRA t  egulat i on--..,  t-.g.
                Pb,  Ba,  Cd,  Cr ,  etc.   Lnp.il  h,i>.;  fur thinr
                demonstrated  that  it"---  produc:t  j-.-.  a i omp  I t-mi-'iil  lo
                the   incineration  of-  ^ol id waste;  K-^O/I :;r t-oiriM
                i>-ed to  treat. in< inerator  -- i H determined  by  I he client

-------
E.
F.
6.
H.
            I.
T t .'•-1'lLLfli'i.Q.i"

     ttl
                  Design and Operating Conditions of Systea  •
                   rhp  two- stop  I t pa tiiii-ri 1  pro-  Ih.il   I ho
                   diluted  K- 2O/LSC  sy-.h-'in l-c> ,-iddod In  I he  --in.:!  .md
                   thoroughly  blended  I"  ef tPt.tu.tte l<  2O/L !:;t: (.onl.n I
                   w i th  <:tl 1  par liili'1--.    A r iMix-n I i I" l 01 c;>  f i  xa t  i vo  1 • .
                   1 hpri  added  !(!  i re.'ilp  <-in inur  '.|. in i <  matr  ix i-,ih o h
                   inhibit.1:. tho  leachabi 1 it y  of  toxn  rnolal--.  .

                  Variability of Operating Paraieters
                   The  var iab i. 1 i  l~y  of  var iou-:- p on  I ho
                   pf I ec t ivpnov .  of   the  trea I merit  h.r.  not  t>fi.Ti
                   studied  fen   (.his  par ti(.-u.l at-   .ipp 1 K. ,.\ I j on  bu I
                   otl'H.:f ,  ^imiJar  treatments  1'iavo indj (_ H o-_-sen  I iaIJy
                   independent   i>1 mudnrato var ial ion*-,  jn   I ho
                   i ) r-' o i" --1 1. i n q  p <-i r a mot e r s .

                  Coapare Design to Operating
                   No I  App i i (. ,.ib I P

                  Evaluation of Equipient                                           «
                   No I  App I i (. .ab I P
      Influent & Effluent Concentrations
       Tho  I rea rment  i -.-. PX i r
                                                o I v
                                                              vo
                  i I I uM r a t pd  in  the  following  table:
k,lL, J «,?X.,..l gis t
R ejk'4 1.ts_...Fii
K --2 Q/ L S C
                                [', P....T u x. . . I ( - •- . L
                                Ry..c.- y..l t s._A f tj-1 L
                                K. :;i(5/. L S C
                                                                Pj-.^ r .( , e n ..L
I r_fc?..(±i"IIMQ. i"

6200 mg/J  Pb
f:'.2dO mq/J  Pb
c,200 mg/J  Pb
                                Jj' 1? <-i tjn.y 0 ^ .

                                3.O m<;i/J Pb
                                1.4 mg/1 Pb
                                1.1 mg/J Pb
                                                                UP L? '-•.]" i.1 ' b 1 o [ . t. > <:i d

                                                                •"•(1.J. '"'.r)%
                                                                ''l'1 . ' '•":.:%
                                                                •'• •>.'-': IX,
     ftJ
     it 2
Waste  Ujeigh L
Inc r eas-e Pur*
to  Tr/eatmen I"

    55%
    55%
    55%
                                Wd.s.te__. Vn.lume
                                iDJ^L1?.'!.':!!^.. .llM*"1
                                t.Q....T.Lt--1_a£.[!.1I7iDJ_

                                    /:„:%
                                                                M.u I or i ,.ijL _: _ 1
                                                                1 '?. ?. '\i . 1  T.'.'!'
                                                                ''    ^'l '-'
                                                                     $~f I
Cost exi. ludps  shipping,  labor,  capital  expenditure--,  ulilitio-,,
otr .

-------
K20/LSC  TREATMENT  BY  BATCH  OR  CONTINUOUS  STREAM  PROCESSING
                     K-20/LSC may be  added to the bulk xattt material *• cpaclflid by the
                     LOPAT laboratory and blended «hen temperature* of the materials
                     to be treated and the ambient tamptrature  In the treatment aria
                     art between 45 degreee arid  126 degree* Fahrenheit
     AZARDOUS  WASTE  MATERIAL
           INCINERATOR ASH*SAND*
           FURNACE SLACoSOIL*
           PLATING HASTE*
           SALVAGE RESIDUE*
K20 LEAO-IN-SOIL  CONTROL
                     TU
        (MATERIALS CONTAINING
          TOXIC HEAVY METALS)
    IPARTl
      A
IPART
   B
        COMBINE
       AND  EXTEND
                                  Uaite material !• Co be vetted
                                  thoroughly  with the K20/LSC compound.
                                  (diluted In accordance vlth the
                                  LOPAT lab specification) and  blended
              U
                                     YOUR ONSITE  MIXING FACILITY
               After the waet* material  h»e been
               thoroughly netted  the r »co«Mntnde d
               cvnent i t lovis fixative or  comblnatlo
               of flxatlv** !• added, the total
               man  li then given a
               thorough blending
RECOMMENDED FIXATIVE
          OR
FIXATIVE  COMBINATION
  The  waite material  matj be proceeded  In batchee
  of any amount or In a continuous etream.
  Prepare and  treat naite  In volumes
  eultable for the equipment being u«ed.
            Remove form blender  to pad  or backfill for  curing.  Lopat
            recommence curing under anblent conditions,  urtdlsturbed  f°T
            approx. 72 hrt. After  curing the treated material
            may be teeted  by EP  Toxicfty for handling ae non-haiardou•.

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             .1.     Types, Quantities of by-products
                     I I'll"1)' i- '  .-1M >  I'M ) t>y pM )'.~ll K I    i >f  I ' I I'M 't  ' ' I I  I I it Tl I '   i i I ! It 't
                     M'I, in  t he  • -1 <_ib i I j <••( "."I   M'ind

             K.     Flow Diagrai of Total Treatnent System
                     The  -M. €.1 1 t 'd-'Up  I MM I' mt'i'i I  '.y.li'in m.iv be  r epr e  en led
                     by  I he  c-it L -it I'M "'.I dj aqr ,uii .

             L.     Physiral and Cheiical Description of  Processed
                    Residual
                     bee  J  above.   The  i.in I M--I 1 1 i "")  • i'.;  led ii1"  \'tu y
                     firi'-.',  di.i--.ty, bi.i L  -jt-Tr-t'  p.u  1 it  li"-,  Iht-  m.-iiiif  ity  i>'
                     wl'i i ( h  wt-'f >.-•  iii  MM-'  r.iMQf.1 i < f 41)  It.)  < .( i  uit-".h  • i.'t1.
                     Af'U-n   e;irh  nl   the?  tl'irtM- t.M^utmi.M'i I --, ,  the •"-.:unJ w.i-,
                     no Jonyen  dusty,  <-tncl   N'IH  par tie IP  ---ires irn reu^-e':!
                     such  t~hat  the  m.-Uof j ty  (if  p.u  1: it  J t»-..  wtn e  in  1 I'M-  1 (J
                     to t,0  mp-_.h  range.

             H.      Scale of Deionstration; Bench, Pilot, Full-Scale
                     only  beru h   >r.-iU->  expr-'r i men Is  h.-ive  bt-en  r>er lnMiifi;!.

             N.      Scale-up Liiitations
                    Mot  Known
             0.      Actual/Estiiated Capital  & Operating Costs
                    Not Known

             P.      Regulatory Test Protocol  Results
             Q.     Peril t Requireients
                    Fhtr1 t.-iienl   i ^. t f-'-.pt in-- i bl r-  t«t  nbt.iJning  or a t or y  Si ale  t xper i merit -
VII.        KLnOMMfNDATIONS  TOR  TMTROVF ML.'Nl f.  o|  IT RM if^M

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Project Log t 86-63
 Blast Furnace Slag

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GLNERAi

     A.    Log Nuiber of Project
     8.    Matrix Description
           Blast  furnarij slciQ  <. ont ct minuted wiH'i

     C.    Contaiinant Descriptions and Concentrations
           50-590  mg/1  lead
           (Obtained from  the  EP Toxi(..ity  Test)

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1.1 .     MATL'R IAL ':> IIANIJL 1 MR
               Transport and Feed Requirements
                The K--20/LSC  system  requires.-
                i    that two  liquid  components inu-.L be  blended  and
                    diluted prior  to application  to dry  w<-.iste.
                ••r   t h a t d t" y  f i x a t i v e m a1 e r i a 1 s t > e <;i d d e < J I o w e 11" e d
                    waste mater ial.
                +    that treated waste be allowed  to <_ure f ot  H
                    day or more.
               J.    Process/Equipient description
                Blender  mills  or similar apparatus,  suitable  fur
                continuous or  batch  processing, <-u H  required  to
                blend  the materials  at  two  sieges  in the  I r <-ja tnien I
                process.   3pr <-iy  appciratus will  ctpply the  diluted
                two-part  K~20/LSn formula.   W.jtHr  ---upply  i •_-
                required  for  dilution  or  to  i m. r ca-->e wetting
                ..K. I ion.   Hopper •- may be t c>:|ui ' (vrl  I i.
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TIL.   PHYSICAL  PREPROCESSING

            A.     Oversize Material  Preparation Requireients  '

                   Norn.1 Requ i f i 'd


            B.     Dewatering  Requireients

                   Nnrit1 Requi t ed


IV.    CHEMICAL PREPROCESSING

            A.     Cheiical Preprocessing to Alter Characteristics
                   and Ensure  Coipatibility with Treatient Influent
                   Requireients

                   None Required

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TRFATMfNT
     A.    Category and Technology
          Chemical  fixation, r-nc apsuJ at ion ,  so J.id if i cut ion
          .and stabilization of  inorganic  volatile ..ind
          non-volatile toxic metals,  and  certain nonmetalli<
          toxic  elements and organic  compounds.  The
          1r eatmeri t  r equi r es:

          K--20 Lead--1 n -Soi 1 Con I MI 1  (K--20/L.S(:)
          A site-specif ic formulation  u-.od in the i  onrrd
          and remediatiori of hazardous louthable toxit
          metaJs contained iri soil, >-,o i 1 - .1 i UP solid--- or
          .semi-sol id par llculate matter .

          Specifically,  Lopat develops modification--, of  effective in  controlling  the  I ox it
          metals mandated under  RCRA r  •, '-juJ .t t i on--., ij.g.  Pb ,
          Ba,  Cd, Cr, etc.  Lopat  ha->  further  demorr-.tr a t ed
          that it's product is  a complement  to  the
          incineration of solid waste; K--20/LSC   be-ing  used
         'to  treat  incinerator  ash  residue containing  toxic
          metals and PCDs.

    C.    Process liiitations
         None Expected

    D.    Rate of Treatient Process I Length of Treatient
         Tiie
         To  be  determined by the client

-------
               Design and Operating Conditions of Systei
               The  two step treatment  process requires  that  the
               K-20/LSC system be  added  to the slag and
               Thoroughly blended  to effe<-turite K-2O/ISC conUtct
               with  all particles.  A  eempnti t iou--; fixative  ]•-
               then  added to ornate an inorganic,  matrix which
               further inhibits  the leachabiliLy of tuxi<.
               metals.

               Variability of Operating Paraieters
               The  variability of  various  parameters on the
               effectiveness of  the treatment has not been
               studied for this  particular application but othnr
               similar treatments  have indicated that treatment
               effectiveness would be essentially independent  of
               moderate variations in  the  operating parameters.

               Coipare Design to Operating
               Not Applicable

               Evaluation of Equipient
               Not Applicable

               Influent I Effluent Concentrations
               The treatment is extremely  effective as
               illustrated in  the  following  table.-
Treatment

     ttl
     #2
     #3
     #4
     #5
Repeat
     #5
EP Tox  Test
Results Before
K-20/LSC
Fixative
Treatment

500 mg/1 Pb
500 mg/1 Pb
500 mg/1 Pb
500 mg/1 Pb
500 mg/1 Pb

235 mg/1 Pb
EP Tox  Test-
Results After
K-20/LSC
Fixa_tiye
Treatment

0.57 mg/1  Pb
0.99 mg/1  Pb
0.71 mg/1  Pb
0.95 mg/1  Pb
0.52 mg/1  Pb

0.73 mg/1  Pb
Bs.duc_tion  in
Leach able. ..Lead

99.9% pb
99.8% Pb
99.9% Pb
99.8% Pb
99.9% Pb

99.7% Pb
    #1
    #2
    #3
    #4
    #5
    kepeat
    #5
Waste Weight
Increase Due
to Treatment

  27-28%
  27-28%
  27-28%
  27-28%
  27-28%

  27-28%
Waste Volume
Increase Due
to Treatment

   70%
   69%
   68%
   85%
   66%

   56%
Cost of Raw	
Materials  to
TllPJLt__JL_ To_n_.._
of Waste*	1

    $53
    $55
    $/7
    $50
    $56

    $5',
      excludes shipping, labor,  c.apiUiJ expand i t i.u <•.•;„?.,  ut il i t io-.--
etc.

-------
 J.    Types, Quantities of by-products
       There  are  no by-products  at other effluent--- other
       th...in  the stabilized .slay.

 K.    Flow Diagrai of Total Treatient Systet
       The scaled-up treatment  system may  be represented
       by the attached diagram.

 t.    Physical and Cheiical Description of Processed
      Residual
       See 1.   The  untr edited slag and all  of  the  treated
       slags  resembled soil  in  appearance,  but each
       particle of  the slag  appeared  to have a very high
       compressive  strength.   The vast  majority of the
       particles were in  the 10 mesh  to 60  mesh range.

 M.    Scale of Deionstration; Bench, Pilot, Full-Scale
       Only bench scale experiments have been  performed.

 N.    Scale-up tiiitations
       Not  Known

 0.    Actual/Estnated Capital & Operating Costs
      Not  Known

 P.    Regulatory Test Protocol Results
      See  J
 0.    Periit Requireients
      The  client j •-•  responsible  for   obtaining  all
      necessary  permits.

 R.    Post-Treatient controls for Process Effluents
      Post-treatment  contr o1s,  equipmenI  and  i-osts  ar e
      at  the client's  discretion.

S.     Monitoring I Data Collection Requireients
      Monitoring and  datci collection i.-.r, at the  client'-:
      d.i scretion.

T.     Other
      None

-------
K20/LSC  TREATMENT  BY  BATCH  OR   CONTINUOUS  STREAM  PROCESSING

                     K-20/LSC may b* added to  th« bulk «a«t* material »• «p»elfled by the
                     LOPAT laboratory and blended when temperature* of the materials
                     to be treated and the ambient temperature  In the treatment area
                     are between 45 degreee and 126 degree* Fahrenheit
  *—^i  I
     AZARDOUS  WASTE  MATERIAL
           INCINERATOR ASH*SAND«
           FURNACE  SLAC*80IL*
           PLATING  HASTE*
           SALVAGE  RESIDUE*
K20  LEAD-IN-SOIL  CONTROL
                     m
        (MATERIALS CONTAINING
        .  TOXIC HEAVY METALS)
    PART]
       A
IPART
   B
        COMBINE
       AND  EXTEND
                                  Ua*te material I* to b* wetted
                                  thoroughly with th* K20/LSC compound.
                                  (diluted In accordance with the
                                  LOPAT lab specification) and blended
              B
               After the vaete material ha* been
               thoroughly netted the recommended
               c*m*ntItlou* fixative or conblnatlo
               of  flxatlvee l« added,  th* total
               matt  le then given a
               thorough blending
RECOMMENDED FIXATIVE
          OR
FIXATIVE COMBINATION
                                     YOUR ONSITE  HIKING FACILITY
                                                                                  \
  The va*te material may be  processed In batch**
  of any amount or  In • continuous  *tr*am.
  Prepare and  treat *a*te In volumes
  •ultable for the  equipment being  u«ed.
            Remove form blend*r  to pad or backfill for curing.  Lopat
            recommende curing under ambient condition*, undisturbed for
            approx. 72 hra. After curing the treated material
            may be teeted by EP  Toxic Ity for handling ae non-hazardou«.

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VI.      OPE-RATIONAL PROBLEMS AMD  LIMITATIONS




         None  Known - Based on Labor ..i t or y Scale Expef intent-









VII.     RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENTS OF" PERFUKMANCL




         None

-------
Project Log # 86-40
  Oil-Soaked Soil

-------
GFNI  I;A;

     A.      Log Nuiiber of Project
     B.      Hatrix Description
            ;-'<.'L I  (  nnt cimi n.-i I t-d wjth (-nqim   cj I.

     C.      Contaunant Descriptions and Concentrations
            It...5  mg/.i  Pb  u:)bt ciinv-d f t om Ihf  IIP  loxii jly  |P-->L).

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II.    MATCniALG HANDLING
                 Transport and Feed Requireients
                 The  K-2<)/L:.;d  In i ur e
                      day ur  mi tr <'.
                 I.   frocess/Equipient description
                 Blender  mill;., or  similar  appotr alu-.,  •'i.iil.ible for
                 ( on tiriLioi.fi  or  batch F'r or L-".V-.. a ng,  ur ^  r (-i.|i.i i r fd I u
                 blend  the materials at  two s taQe-..  ui  I hi-1
                 treat merit r->^ oces^..   Gpray up par at u>:  wjij  apply
                 tl'io diluted liquid  I'wo-par 1  k  k'0/l. :.;(.:  lormula.
                 Waler  --.i.tppj y  is required  for  dilution  or  lo
                 i I'M. r ea.se wetting  action.   Hoppers may  be  required
                 for dry  raw materials handJing.   A --prcty  chamber
                 may be used t.o wet  the  soil  with the  K 2U/L3U
                 < omponent::  and a  pug mill, may  be used  for  mixinq
                 the wet ted  soil with  I he  sole*  led < enien I i I LOUS
                 f i xa t i ve.
                2.   Availability of equipient
                 Equipment is  readj ly avaiJablv,  new and u'-.fd.
                3.   Degree of deionstration accoiplished
                 Labor atory  experiments.
                4.   Fugitive eiissions control
                 Not. applicable
                5.   Evaluation of perforiance
                 E. xc el lent
                b.   Probleis/tiiitations
                 None Known
                7.    Cost
                 Not known
                8.    Other
                 None

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ri'l.    PHYSICAL  PkLPRt"'CCS:UNG

             A.      Oversize Material Preparation Requirements

                    None  Requir ed


             B.      Dewatering Requireients

                    Num.1  Required


IV.    OHLM.IUAL  PREPROCESSING

             A.      Cheiical Preprocessing to Alter Characteristics
                    and Ensure Coipatibility with Treatient Influent
                    Requireients

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V.
         A.    Category and Technology
              Chemical  fixation, encapsulation, -.oj i di f i <  ,iM on
              and stabi .1 i /at i on of"  inorg.m'i  vni.ili Uv  ami
              nurr-volatile toxic metnl^,  
-------
G.
H.
I.
                Design and Operating Conditions of Syste*
                The  two step  treatment  prone--.---  r ('qua r e--_-  that fht-
                diluted K-20/1 SO system be ddded tu the  soil and
                thorough J y  Mended  to  ef f ec tu.-i t *-> K-20/L:.>U runlnrl
                with  all p..ir I ic les .  A c-emen L i t:.i ous fixative i--,
                tl'ien  added  to  create an inur q.-m j c  matrix  whi L h
                further  inhibits the leachability  of toxic
                metals.

                Variability of Operating Paraieters
                The variability of  various parameter •-. on  rhc
                effectiveness  of the treatment  h,.r; not  bc-i.'n
                studied for this particuiar application  bi.it
                other,  similar  treat men Is huvc?  irnJicaled  lh<^t
                treatment effectiveness would be essentially
                independent of  moderate variations  in I he
                operating parameters.

                Coipare Design to Operating
                Not Applicable
                                                                  i
                Evaluation of Equipient
                Mot Applicable
               Influent I Effluent Concentrations
                The-? treatment  is  extremely  effective,
                illustrated in  the following table:
                                                as
     IH
     #2
     tt.3
     #4
EP Tox Test
Results Before
K-20/LSC
Fixative
EP Tox Test
Results After
K-20/LSC
F ixative
16.3  mg/1 Pb
lfc..3  mg/1 Pb
16.3  mg/1 Pb
16.3  mg/1 Pb

Waste Weight
Increase Due
to Treatment
Ir_ea.tm.eri_t

.0.16  mg/1 Pb
0.08  mg/1 Pb
0.02  mg/1 Pb
O.OJ  inq/1 Pb

Waste Volume.
Increase Due
to  Treatment
                                         Perc_eri1:__
                                         R^.yril'-I'.D.. J-fi. .
                                         L.tia c...h a b 1 e_J._e .-t <

                                              '->'!•%,
                                              <:>'-') . 5%
                                              '"''"' . ''%
                                              '-i'-4 .'-^%

                                         G.Q '_•;. t P_f . R1 1 >i
                                         M-iiiii-J-SLJLi . LLL_
                                         I _. T QLL J.2 f ._W. -A L--J- t
     #1
     tt2
     #3
     #4
   22%
   30%
   23%
   30%
fCost  excludes  shipping,
etc.
      43%
      71%
      t.7%
      86%
                                             $20
                                             $29
                                             $27
                  labor, capital expenditures,  utilities,

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 J.    Types, Quantities of by-products
      There are  no by-products  or  other  effluents other
      than  the statu lized  soil.

 K.    Flow Diagrai of Total Treatment Systei
      The  sealed-up  treatment system  may be
      represented  by  the attached  d
 L.    Physical and Cheiical Description of Processed
      Residual
      Treatments  #1 and #2 produced a  fjne. ,  dry soi 1
      which  was similar to the untreated soil.
      Treatments;  tt.3 and #4 produced a  small  granular
      soil .

 H.    Scale of Delonstration; Bench, Pilot,  Full-Scale
      Only bench  scale  experiments  have  been  por for mud.

 N.    Scale-up Limitations
      No L known

 0.    Actual/Estiiated Capital J Operating Costs
      Not known

 P.    Regulatory Test Protocol Results
      See 1

 Q.   Periit Requireients
     The client is  responsible  for  obtaining aJ 1
     necessary permits.

 R.   Post-Treatient controls for Process Effluents
     P o s t - 1 r e a t m e n t c o n t r o 1 s , e q u i p m e n t  a r i d c t ) s t >;. a r e
     at  the client's  discretion.

S.   Monitoring i Data Collection Requireients
     Monitoring the treatment is also at  the i.  lient's
     disc retion .

T.    Other
     None

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                                                                           Ufr-
KEO/LSC  TREATMENT   BY  BATCH  OR  CONTINUOUS  STREAM  PROCESSING

                     K-20/LSC may bt added to the  bulk waete material  *• •peclfltd by the
                     LOPAT laboratory and blended  nhen temperature* of the material*
                     to bt treated and the ambient temperature In the  treatment area
                     are between 45 d«jreee  «r«d 129 d«jr«*« FakrenKelt
  =—=11
     AZARDOUS  WASTE  MATERIAL
            INCINERATOR ASH*SAMD*
            FURNACE 8LAC»801L*
            PLATING HASTE*
            SALVAGE RESIDUE*
   KZO LEAD-IN-SOIL CONTROL
                     in
        (MATERIALS CONTAINING
          TOXIC HEAVY METALS)
       iPARTl
          A
PART
  B
                     V
           COMBINE
           AND  EXTEND
Uaate Riaterlal !• to b* vetted
thoroughly with the K20/LGC compound.
(diluted In accordance with the
LOPAT  lab specification) and blended
              D
              After tk* wa»t« Material  K»e been
              thorowahly «*tt«d the r«co««end«d
              c»m*nt 11 lovia flx4tlv* or  conblnatlo
              of flx«tlv«« !• added, the total
              »&•• It th*n given a.
              thorough
RECOMMENDED FIXATIVE
          OR
FIXATIVE COMBINATION
                V
                                     YOUR ONSITE MIXING  FACILITY
                                                                                  \
  Th* vaete materiel may be proceeded  In batchee
  of »ny  amount  or  In a contlnuoue etream.
  Prepare and treat Haste  In volume*
  eultable for the  equipment being geed.
                Remove form blender to pad or backfill  for curing.  Lopat
                recommend* curing under ambient condltlone>  undisturbed  f°r
                approx. 12 hr».  After curing the treated material
                    be teeted b
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VI.        OPERATIONAL  PROEU.FMS  AND  LIMITATIONS


           None Known  - B.jse-d on  Lctbur at or y Si. .tip  Exper imi >n [•



VIJ.       RECOMMt MDAriOM.S  fOR IMPROVEMENT!:) OT  PERFORMANCE
                                            U.S. Environment^ Fro^r^on Agency

                                            Region 5, Library •"•"  •" •
                                            77 West
                                            Chicago,
!L  GO:'

-------