AEPA
U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Office of Research
and Development
EPA/540/2-91/007 No.2 March 1991
IN THE FIELD
An information update on applying bioremediation to site clean-up.
UPDATE ON THE BIOREMEDIATION
FIELD INITIATIVE
The BioremediationFieldlnitiative was established toprovide
EPA and State Project Managers, consulting engineers and
industry with timely information regarding new developments
in the application of bioremediation at hazardous waste sites.
In addition, the initiative will fully evaluate the performance of
selected full-scale field applications, provide technical assis-
tance to RPMs and OSCs, and develop a treatability database
to be available through the Alternative Treatment Technolo-
gies Information Center (ATTIC.)
The initiative is currently moving ahead with it's field evalu-
ations of bioremediation. The Allied Signal site in St. Joseph,
Michigan is on board for an evaluation of methylotropic tech-
nology on a TCE and vinyl chloride plume. Dr, John Wilson,
developer of the methylotropic method, is the EPA project
officer for the evaluation. In this issue he provides an update
on technology being developed for the site. To date, a tentative
work plan has been established and treatability studies are
being carried out. The pilot scale demonstration is expected to
be run this summer.
A second site, located in Libby, MT has been identified as a
good candidate for an evaluation of land treatment, which is
currently being implemented on creosote and PCP contami-
nated soils, and of an in situ bioremediation system with an
above ground fixed film bioreactor for contaminated ground
water, which is now in design. Dr. Huling, the project officer
at EPA's Ada laboratory, provides an update on the Libby site
and the proposed evaluation on page 1. Both of these sites are
being remediated by the responsible parties who cooperated
with EPA to initiate the evaluations.
One other site that was under consideration for the field evalu-
ation is being screened further prior to inclusion. Technical
issues with the operating system at the site may not allow an
evaluation this summer. Therefore, other sites are now being
looked at as potential alternates. The UST site under consid-
eration for the field evaluation is currently seeking funding for
the project.
Another ongoing activity being promoted under the Field Ini-
tiative is providing technical assistance On bioremediation
projects toEPA Regions through theEPA laboratories. See the
article on page 16 for more news on the Superfund Technical
Support Program. For further information on the Field Initia-
tive, write to the contact listed on page 15.
RSKERL Proposes New Injection Well
Design for In situ Biotreatment of a TCE
Plume, St. Joseph, Michigan
The Western Region Hazardous Substance Research Center
(WRHSRC) at Stanford University recently conducted a
treatability study utilizing in situ bioremediation to remediate
vinyl chloride and trichloroethylene contamination in ground
water at the Allied Signal/Bendix site, St. Joe, Michigan.
Researchers had previously discovered that by mixing ground
water and a solution of oxygen and methane, the vinyl
chloride and trichloroethylene contamination could be biode-
graded in soil cores. However, in the field, simply injecting
solutions of oxygen and methane into an aquifer does not
adequately mix them with the contaminated ground water.
To remedy this problem, the WRHSRC has developed an in
situ treatment unit
that enhances this
mixing. The unit
consists of a well with
two screens, a pump,
and mixing appara-
tus. One well screen
is located at the bot-
tom of the aquifer and
the other is at the
water table. Con-
taminated ground
water is drawn into
the well through the
lower screen, where
it is amended with
oxygen and methane,
then pumped back
into the aquifer
New Injection Well Design for
In situ Bioremediation
through the water table screen. The pumping rate in the
treatment unit can be adjusted to recirculate the plume
through the treatment unit as many times as is necessary to
meet cleanup standards. The WRHSRC is currently writing
a computer code to describe the three dimensional flow
through the zone of influence of the treatment unit. This new
computer code will be used to design these treatment systems
and identify optimum well placements and pumping rates.
For further information, contact John Wilson at FTS: 743-
2259 or 405-332-8800.
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Page 2
BIOREMEDIATION /fi the Field
Field Evaluation of Bioremediation
Techniques Proposed at the Libby,
Montana Superfund Site
EPA's Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory is
currently negotiating with the potentially responsible party at
the Libby, Montana Superfund Site to implement a bioreme-
diation performance evaluation for the field initiative. The
site is contaminated with creosote, pentachlorophenol and a
fuel carrier as a result of previous wood preserving opera-
tions.
Bioremediation activities consist of land treatment of the
contaminated soil, in-situ treatment of both the ground water
and aquifer material, and above-ground bioremediation of
the ground water. The proposed performance evaluation will
address each of these bioremediation activities.
The objectives of the performance evaluation will be to
identify both the merits and limitations of bioremediation
from a qualitative and a quantitative perspective. The project
will involve the compilation, assimilation, and interpretation
of monitoring data from the various biological processes. In
addition, the monitoring of laboratory and field activites will
further develop our understanding of the processes and strate-
gies that contribute to successful site remediation using
biological techniques. For further information contact Scott
Huling atFTS: 743-2313 or 405-332-2313.
Kerr Laboratory Announces Field
Validation of Three Bioremediation
Techniques for Fuel Spills
During field evaluations of hazardous waste remediation
technologies, several removal processes often operate on the
contaminants of interest at the same time. This makes it
difficult to determine which aspect of the treatment actually
produced the observed remediation. It also makes it difficult
to extrapolate remediation results to other sites and scenarios.
A contaminated site in Park City, Kansas will provide staff at
EPA's Robert S. Kerr Environmental Laboratory with an
opportunity to divide an area affected by a homogeneous fuel
spill into discrete blocks, and apply different experimental
bioremediation treatments to each block. The objective of
this study will be to evaluate the relative efficacy of (1) BTEX
fermentation alone, (2) BTEX denitrification alone, and (3)
BTEX denitrification supplemented with oxygen, for reme-
diation of subsurface contamination with refined petroleum
hydrocarbons.
The study site is in the flood plain of the Arkansas River,
where there is 15 to 20 feet of clay overlying a sand aquifer.
The water table is near the contact between the sand and the
clay. Bedrock is at 45 to 50 feet.
Sometime in the 1970s, a buried pipe line at an oil refinery in
Park City, Kansas, started leaking a variety of refined petro-
leum products and petroleum feedstocks below the clay into
the water table aquifer. The spill contaminated ground water
near Park City's municipal well #6 in February 1980. To
intercept the flow of hydrocarbons from the pipeline to the
well, two trenches were excavated to the water table for free
product recovery. As a means of disposal, the petroleum in
the trenches was occasionally set afire. The west trench was
backfilled in August of 1982, the east trench was filled in
August of 1984. In 1990, the PRP installed approximately
500 shallow injection wells that are screened just above the
water table. These wells were constructed on a 20-foot grid
spacing and covered the entire area affected by the spill.
The spill area will be subdivided into three plots of about an
acre each. Water from the municipal supply well will be
pumped and recirculated to the aquifer through the injection
wells at the rate of 400 gpm. Each of the three experimental
plots will receive approximately 130 gpm. At a pumping rate
of 400 gpm, it is estimated that the water will require an
average of 6.4 days to recirculate. To maintain the demon-
stration in a cone of depression, water will also be pumped
from a second nearby well. To act as a tracer, and to enable
estimation of the volume of water in the recirculation loop,
the recirculated water will be amended with sodium bromide
at 50 mg/1 of bromide.
The recirculated water will also be amended with ammonium
nitrate at 5 mg/1 as nitrogen. The water distributed to two of
the plots will be amended with potassium nitrate at 10 mg/1 as
nitrogen. The water distributed to one of the plots will be
amended with 5 mg/1 oxygen.
Microcosm studies will be conducted on two on-going reme-
diations. Cores will be acquired before and after application
of nitrate and analyzed by GC/MSto determine the extent of
remediation. The field evaluation will be conducted this year
and is being performed under a Cooperative Research Dem-
onstration Agreement with Coastal Remediation Company.
For further information contact John Wilson at FTS: 743-
2259 or 405-332-8800.
Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene by a
Genetically Modified Bacterium
New
From the Lab
One of the most prevalent environmental
pollutants is the industrial degreaser,
trichloroethylene (TCE). Its persistence
is largely due to two fundamental prop-
erties: 1) It has a relatively high water
solubility, and therefore fails to adhere
to soil and aquifer materials, allowing
rapid vertical movement into aquifer
systems; and 2) Despite breaking down quickly in sunlight, it
is very persistent below the ground because it is not subject to
chemical or biological transformations of any significant
extent.
Once TCE is released to the environment, naturally occurring
bacteria do not readily degrade it unless it is present with
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BIOREMEDIATION in the Field
Page 3
other, more easily degraded organics such as toluene or
phenol. This problem has been the subject of research at the
EPA research laboratory in Gulf Breeze, Florida for the last
several years. Researchers there now report the development
of a strain of Pseudomonas ceoacia called G4 5223 Phel, that
produces a TCE degrading enzyme without the need for the
presence of other organics. All evidence indicates that the
new strain is very stable and capable of functioning under a
wide variety of environmental conditions. Unlike cloned
bacterial genes currently available for TCE degradation, G4
5223 Phel is not a product of recombinant genetics and
therefore is not subject to regulations imposed on such
constructed bacteria.
Gulf Breeze researchers envision this bacteria being used
during in situ aquifer restoration, in bioreactors for contami-
nated materials and in biofilters for atmospheric treatment of
chloroethylenes. In addition to TCE, G4 5223 Phel can also
degrade a wide spectrum of other pollutants including vinyl
chloride, DCE, benzene, phenol, toluene, xylenes, and cre-
sols. Research is already underway at Gulf Breeze to extend
this list of "edible pollutants." For further information,
contact Malcolm Shields at FTS: 228-9333 or 904-934-9333.
New Biological Assay Techniques to be
Tested During SITE Demonstration at
American Creosote
This spring, the SITE Demonstration
Program will work with Southern Bio
Products, Inc. to conduct a pilot-scale
technology demonstration using biore-
mediation to treat creosote and PCP-
contaminated soil and ground water at
the American Creosote Works Super-
fund site in Pensacola, Florida. The
New
From the Lab
multi-phase biotreatment strategy under evaluation has com-
bined physical separation technologies and microorganisms
which utilize recalcitrant creosote constituents as a primary
energy source for growth.
In conjunction with the normal chemical analysis used during
a SITE demonstration, various biological analyses will be
performed through a cooperative research and development
agreement with the U.S. EPA Environmental Research Labo-
ratory at Gulf Breeze, Florida. Embryonic inland silversides
(Menidia beryllina) have recently been identified as sensitive
and accurate indicators for PCP and creosote-related pollut-
ants in an aqueous phase. During this demonstration, these
organisms will be used to generate toxicity, teratogenicity
and mutagenicity data on starting and end point samples.
Other biological assays will include acute toxicity tests
conducted with a saltwater invertebrate, Mysids. Lastly,
selected samples will be tested using EPA established meth-
ods to estimate the potential for chronic effects to fish and
invertebrates.
The results of this pilot scale study could facilitate the
development of standard test protocols that use site-specific
animals in routine testing procedures. For further informa-
tion, contact James Mueller at FTS: 228-9282 or 904-934-
9282.
EPA's Technical Support Project Provides
Assistance to Eighteen Superfund Sites
Utilizing Bioremediation in FY '90
S ince the inception of EPA's Technical S upport Project (TSP)
in 1988, over 50% (47) of the requests for technical assistance
received regarding innovative technologies have addressed
bioremediation. At least 7 evaluations of bioremediation
sites and 11 work plan and design reviews have been com-
pleted or are currently in progress.
The Superfund Technical Support Project (TSP) is a joint
effort of OSWER's Technology Innovation Office and the
Office of Research and Development (ORD). The goal of the
program is to provide technical assistance to Remedial Proj-
ect Managers (RPMs) and On-Scene Coordinators (OSCs).
The network of technical resources established by the pro-
gram has to date undertaken 750 technical assistance proj-
ects, delivered technical workshops regarding specific Super-
fund sites and prepared 20 issue papers regarding critical
areas of remedial technology development. The program has
given ORD a better understanding of Regional technical
needs and enabled the Regions to more consistently evaluate
treatment options. (For more detailed information regarding
services provided by the TSP, see page 16.)
One example of a TSP project undertaken by one of the
centers, the Ground-Water Fate and Transport Technical
Support Center in Ada, Oklahoma, is oversight support of the
PRP and technical assistance at the Baxter/IP/Rosenberg
Superfund site in Region IX. The site involves the contami-
nation of both soil and groundwater with PAHs, PCP, TCP,
and metals. Initial site data indicated that high metal concen-
trations might inhibit bioremediation, so the center is assist-
ing the Region in conducting tests to determine if the mi-
crobes can acclimate to the presence of metals.
Vitrification
Low Temperature 3.4%
Desorption v li—-
3.4% ^^\ Other
FY'88-90 Innovative Technology Assistance
Requests
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Page 4
BIOREMEDIATION //i the Field
Over 140 Bioremediation Projects
Identified
The Bioremediation Field Initiative has identified over 140
sites across the country where bioremediation projects are
being considered, planned, or implemented. Table 1 lists
these sites by EPA Region and provides some basic informa-
tion concerning each of them. This table has been updated
since the last issue of Bioremediation in the Field and more
than half of the site entries contain new information. Those
site entries with new information have been marked with a
star. As part of this update, six sites have been dropped from
the original table published in November 1990 because
bioremediation is no longer being considered as a remedial
alternative. About a dozen new sites have been added to the
table; these are noted by the symbol, A after the site name.
Analysis of the data reported by the site managers indicates
that soil alone, and soil and ground water together, are the
media most often treated with bioremediation. Ground water
only, sediments, and surface water are also treated using
bioremediation, but much less often.
The data also indicate that in-situ treatment is the most
commonly employed bioremediation technique, followed by
land treatment and treatment in a bioreactor. Many sites are
or will employ more than one technique. Over 80 sites
employing in-situ treatment have been identified, whereas
over 60 sites each have chosen land treatment or treatment in
a bioreactor. Managers at another 40 sites listed on Table 1
have yet to decide which, if any, biotreatment technology to
employ.
In the coming months, TIO will conduct more detailed
analyses of the types of contamination identified and the
clean-up goals being set for all identified bioremediation
sites. To accomplish this task, in-depth contaminant informa-
tion is needed. TIO will be sending an easy-to-complete
matrix to all participating project managers that will ask for
specific detailed information. Your cooperation in this proj-
ect will be appreciated.
Surface Water
Sediments
Ground Water
Soil&
Ground Water
Soils
=5 Sites
10 15 20 25 30 35
Number of Sites
40 45
50 55
Types of Media Treated by Bioremediation
The Bioremediation Field Initiative is a cooperative effort among the Technology Innovation Office (TIO), Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response (OSWER), and the Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support (OTTRS), the Office of Environmental
Engineering and Technology Demonstration (OEETD), Office Research and Development (ORD). Major contributors to the initiative
include the waste programs in the EPA Regional Offices and the following laboratories in ORD: Ada, OK; Athens, G A; Cincinnati, OH; Gulf
Breeze, FL; and Research Triangle Park, NC.
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BIOREMEDIATION in the Field
Pages
TABLE 1
CERCLA/RCRA/UST SITES CONSIDERING, PLANNING, OR
OPERATING FULL-SCALE BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEMS
Rgn
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
II
II
II
SHe/Locatlon/LMd
Baird ft MoGuira
Holbrook. MA
Fund lead
Charles George
Landfill*
Tinsboro, MA
Fund lead
Charlestown Navy
Yard
Boston NHP
National Park
Service
Boston, MA
State-lead
enforcement
General Electric*
PittslWd.MA
tSCAtead
Qertefal Electric
PMsfieW.WA
TSCAIead
Hamilton Standard*
Windsor tookl,CT
flCRAtead
Iron Horse Park
Bilterica, MA
PRPIead
Pine Street Canal
Burlington, VT
Fund lead
Sylvester
Nashua, NH
State lead
enforcement
Alcoa
Massena, NY
American Linen*
Stilrwater, NY
Enforcement lead
FAA Technical
Center*
Atlantic County, NJ
PRPIead
Contact/Phone
Number
Paula
Fftzsimmons
617-573-5738
FTS 833-1 738
Dave Dickerson
617-573-5735
FTS 833-1 735
Stephen
Carlson
617-242-5680
Joan Blake
202-382-6236
FTS 382-6236
Joan Blak*
202-382-6236
FTS 382-6236
Gina Snyder
617-573-9674
FTS 833-1674
Don McElroy
617-223-5518
FTS 833-1518
Ross Gilleland
617-573-5766
FTS 833-1766
Chet Janowski
617-573-9623
FTS 833-1 623
Lisa Carson
212-264-6857
FTS 264-6857
Frank Peduto
NYSDEC
518-457-2462
Carla Struble
212-264^595
FTS 264-4595
Contnnln ants/Media
Pesticides (chlordane), dioxin,
arsenic/groundwater
Arsenic, benzene, toluene, ethyl
benzene, xylene,
tetrahydrofurans/groundwater,
leachate, landfill gas
PAHs from creosote/sediments
PCBs/river sediment, toils
PCSs/pond, wer sedimenf
PCSs, petroleum
hydrocarbons/SOS
Petroleum hydrocarbons/soil
Coal tar, PAHs/soib, sediments,
groundwater
Phenols, MEK,
acetone/groundwater
PCBs/river sediments
BTX, PAHs. VOCs, VTX/soil
JP-4 jet fuel/soil, groundwater,
floating product
Status
Under construction; ROD signed
9/30/86
ROD signed 9/88; initial treatability
studies completed 6/90
Planning pilot project for FY 91
Undergoing pilot treatability
studies
Undergoing pilot treatability
Studies
Planning to conduct treatability
studies In FY 91
Treatability studies completed
1989; ROD signed 9/15/88;
currently in design stage
Conducting bench-scale tests,
Fall 1 990; supplemental RI/FS m
progress
Treatability study complete;
conducting remediation since July
1986
Currently in Rl stage
Began land treatment operations
9/90
ROD signed 9/29/89; currently in
RD stage
Clean-up Level*
State of MA drinking water
standards
MCLs and risk-based levels for
groundwater and leachate
Not yet established
2ppm per peak
2 pom per peak
Not yet established
60-80% removal or less than
1 ppm PAH; 50-60% removal of
PHCs; nC,/prcstane ratio <
or -0.2
Not yet established
State of NH drinking water
standards
Not yet established
NJ soil action levels; NJ MCLs
for drinking water
Treatment
Bioreactor
Bioreactor (activated
sludge) for groundwater
and leachate treatment
In situ
Ex situ
In Shu
In situ
Excavate to treatment cell-
surface treatment
Soil: in situ
Groundwater: fixed film
reactor
Bioreactor (activated
sludge with extended air)
Undetermined
Land treatment
Free product extraction
and off-site cement kiln
incineration; groundwater
extraction and addition of
nutrients for subsequent
reinfection and in situ
biodegradation of VOCs;
soil venting; use of off-gas
treatment unit for off-gas
from soil venting,
consisting of either a
catalytic incinerator for
combustion of VOCs to
carbon dioxide and water,
or activated carbon
adsorption of VOCs
4 Indicates a new site in the Table.
* Information regarding this site has been updated for this issue.
Shading depicts a non-CERCLA site.
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Page 6
BIOREMEDIATION in the Field
CERCLA/RCRA/UST SITES CONSIDERING, PLANNING, OR
OPERATING FULL-SCALE BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEMS
Rgn
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
III
III
III
III
III
III
Srte/Location/Lead
GEMS Landfill*
Camden County,
NJ
State lead
General Electric*
State lead
General Motors*
Massena, NY
Enforcement lead
Knispel
Construction Site
Horseheads, NY
State lead
Nascolite*
Millville, NJ
Federal lead
Osmose*
HuHalo, NY
Stale lead
Renora, Inc.. NJ*
Reynolds Metals
Massena. NY
Syracuse*
UST lead
ARC
Gainesville, VA
RCRAIead
Atlantic Wood*
Portsmouth, VA
PHP lead
Avtex Fibers
Front Royal, VA
PRP lead
Drake Chemical
Lock Haven, PA
Fund lead
L.A. Clarke i, Son*
VA
Enforcement lead
Leetown Pesticides
Leetown.WV
Federal lead
Contact/Phone
Number
Matt Westgate
212-264-3406
FTS 264-3406
Jim Harrington
NYSDEC
518-457-3957
Lisa Carson
212-264-6857
FTS 264-6857
Frank Peduto
NYSDEC
518-457-2462
Farnaz Saghafi
212-264^(665
FTS 264-4665
Jim Harrington
NYSDEC
518-457-3957
Joyce Harney
212-264-6313
FTS 264-63 13
Lisa Carson
212-264-6857
FTS 264-6857
Chris O'Neill
NYSDEC
518-457-2462
Robert Stroud
215-597-8214
FTS 597-8214
Drew Lausch
215-597-1727
FTS 597-1727
Bonnie Gross
215-597-9023
FTS 597-9023
Roy Schrock
215-597-0913
FTS 597-09 13
Gene Wingert
215-597-0517
FTS 597-051 7
Andy Palestini
215-597-1286
FTS 597-1286
Contaminants/Medl*
Various organic and inorganic
compounds/groundwater,
leachate
PCBs
PCBs, PAHs, volatites/soil,
sludge, sediment, groundwater
Gasoline, benzene/soil,
groundwater
Methylmethacrylate, volatiles
and semi-volatiles/soil,
groundwater
Creosote, fuel oil/soil
PAHs, petroleum
hydrocarbons/soil
PCBs/river sediments
Gasoline, fuel oil/soil,
groundwater
CMotoberttene'SoS
PAHs from wood preserving/soil,
groundwater
Arsenic, zinc, lead, carbon
disuKide, hydrosurfide, phenol,
cadmium/ groundwater
Pesticides, DCE/soil,
groundwater
Creosote/soil
DDT, lindane/soil
St«tu»
Phase 1 FS underway; Phase II
construction of remedial action in
the design phase
Research/treatability studies
Conducting bench-scale studies;
ROD signed 12/17/90; beginning
negotiations for conducting
treatability studies
Remediation completed 10/89
Soil treatability studies conducted
9/90; ROD scheduled for 1991 ;
treatability studies for ground-
water underway; ROD signed
1988
Land treatment ongoing
Treatability study complete;
bioremediation ineffective;
phase II feasibility study in
progress
Currently in Rl stage
In discussion phase
TroatabiWy study eonduded 6/90;
planning pilot study
RI/FS ongoing; ROD scheduled for
6/91
Treatability study planned
Planning treatability study
Treatability study and RI/FS
ongoing; ROD signed 1/92
Treatability study conducted
Spring 1990; now re-evaluating
remedial action
Clean-up Levels
Not yet established
Not yet established
Proposed 10 ppm PCBs (soil), 1
ppm PCBs (sediment)
Drinking water standards
NJ interim soil action levels for
methylmethacrylate: 5 ppm
(surface soil); 50 ppm (subsurface
soil); and 350 ppb (groundwater)
Not yet established
PAHs 1 0 ppm; petroleum
hydrocarbons 1000 ppm
Not yet established
Groundwater standards;
proposed draft soil standards
Unknown
Not yet established
.05 mg/l arsenic; 5 mg/l zinc; .05
mg/l lead; .7 mg/l carbon
disuKide; .3 mg/l phenol; .01 mg/l
cadmium (not yet established for
hydrosulfide)
MCLs
10 ppm carcinogenic PAHs
300 ppb DDT; not yet established
for Imdane
Treatment
Phase I -cap; Phase II-
groundwater pre-treatment
and disposal at publicly
owned treatment works
Possibly bioremediation
Undetermined - possibly
biological treatment
In situ (subsurface)
Soil: proposed plan calls
for extraction/solidification
or soil washing - residuals
from soil washing may be
treated by bioremediation;
Groundwater: Unde-
termined, possibly
bioremediation
Land treatment
Undetermined
Undetermined
Undetermined
Bioremediation unit on-line
since 10/89
Undetermined
Biological waste water
treatment
BACT
In situ (surface and
subsurface)
Undetermined
A Indicates a new site in 1he Table.
* Information regarding this site has been updated for this issue.
Shading depicts a non-CERCLA site.
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BIOREMEDIATION in the Field
Page 7
CERCLA/RCRA/UST SITES CONSIDERING, PLANNING, OR
OPERATING FULL-SCALE BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEMS
Rgn
III
III
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
Slte/Locatlon/U*d
Ordinance Works
Disposal Areas,
WV*
Enforcement lead
Whitmore Labs*
Myerstown, PA
Fund lead
Alabama Stale
Oo<*»*
Mobile. AL
RCRAtead
American Creosote
Works*
Jackson, TN
Unitl
Fund lead
American Creosote
Works*
Jackson, TN
Unrt3
Fund lead
American Creosote
Works*
Pensaoola, FL
Fund lead
Brown Wood
Preserving
Live Oaks, FL
Enforcement lead
Cape Fear Wood
Preserving*
Fayetteville, NC
Fund lead
Carolawn*
Carolawn, SC
Enforcement lead
Celanese Fibers
Operations*
Shelby, NC
PRPIead
City Industries*
Winter Park, FL
Fund (for
treatability studies
and RD);
Enforcement lead
forRA
Coleman-Evans
White House, FL
Fund lead
Contact/Phone
Number
Drew Lausch
215-597-1727
FTS 597-1 727
Tony
Dappolone
215-597-3153
FTS 597-31 53
Jason Oarby
404-347-3433
FTS 267-3433
Tony DeAngelo
404-347-7791
FTS 257-7791
Tony DeAngelo
404-347-7791
FTS 257-7791
Natalie
Ellington
404-347-2643
FTS 257-2643
Martha Berry
404-347-2643
FTS 257-2643
Jon Bornholm
404-347-7791
FTS 257-7791
Al Cherry
404-347-7791
FTS 257-7791
Ken Mallary
404-347-7791
FTS 257-7791
Diane Scott
404-347-2643
FTS 257-2643
Tony Best
404-347-2643
FTS 257-2643
Contaminants/Media
PAHs/soil
Arsenic, aniline, still bottom
wastes/soil, groundwater,
sludges (only certain soils are
targeted for bioremediation)
PGP, croosota'groundwater. soil
Creosote/soil
Creosote/soil
Creosote, PAHs. PCP.
dioxins/soil
PAHs, creosote/soil
PAHs, arsenic, creosote,
chromium/soil, groundwater
VOCs/groundwater
Ethylene glycol, benzene,
acetone chromiunVgroundwater;
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate/
sediments; chromium, antimony,
acetone/soil
Acetone, MEK, TCE,
TCA/groundwater
PCP/soil, groundwater
Status
ROD signed 9/29/89; currently
conducting treatability studies;
unilateral administrative order
issued 6/20/90
Limited treatability study
completed 6/90; ROD signed
Preparing to do treatability study
Treatability study planned
Remedial study planned
ROD 9/89 - unit 1 ; bench-scale
treatability study completed 9/90
by Gulf Breeze Labs; ROD 6/91 -
unit 2
Last load of contaminated sod in
surface treatment area (about
finished); will monitor 3 years;
treatability study conducted
Treatability studies ongoing
Planning bench-scale studies;
ongoing remedial design
Bioreactor on-line since 8/2/89;
treatability studies complete
Treatability study to be initiated
2nd quarter FY 91
Remedial design underway; pilot
study planned
Clean-up Level*
45 ppm carcinogenic PAHs
Arsenic above background levels;
Saturated soils: benzene .002
mg/kg; trichbroethene .004
mg/kg; tetrochloroethene .012
mg/kg; aniline .002 mg/kg;
Unsaturated soils: benzene .009
mg/kg; trichloroethene .017
mg/kg; tetrochloroethene .051
mg/kg; aniline .009 mg/kg
Not yet established
100 ppm for 6-8 indicators
100 ppm for 6-8 indicators
Surface soils: 30 ppm PCP; 50
ppm carcinogenic PAHs; 2.5 ppb
dioxins
100 ppm PAHs total
Soil: 94 mg/kg arsenic, 2.5 mg/kg
carcinogenic PAHs, 100 mg/kg
total PAHs;
Groundwater: 10 ug/l
carcinogenic PAHs, 14,350 ug/l
noncarcinogenic PAHs;
Surface water: 12 ug/l arsenic
Sediments: 94 mg/kg arsenic, 3
mg/kg total PAHs
Acetone 710 ug/l; cis-DCE 70
ug/l; trans-DCE 120 ug/l; TCA
200 ug/l; TCE 5 ug/l; Pb 5 ug/1
State of North Carolina MCLs
Varied, based on Reference Dose
Limits and Federal and State
drinking water standards: 700
ug/l acetone; 200 ug/l MEK; 3.0
ug/l TCE
25 ppm sediments, soil; 1 ppm
groundwater
Treatment
Land treatment
Biological treatment
(treated soils will be
disposed of offsite); clay
and soil capping
Undetermined
Land treatment
Land treatment
Soil washing, bioreactor
Land treatment; surface
treatment lined with clay
berms 5-6'
Soil washing followed by
treatment in bioreactor
Sequencing batch reactor
Pump and treat, air
stripping, carbon
adsorbtion, and/or
biological oxidation
Bioreactor
A Indicates a new site in the Table.
* Information regarding this site has been updated for this issue.
Shading depicts a non-CERCLA site.
-------
Pages
BIOREMEDIATION in the Field
CERCLA/RCRAAJST SITES CONSIDERING, PLANNING, OR
OPERATING FULL-SCALE BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEMS
Rgn
IV
W
IV
IV
IV
IV
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
Site/Local Ion/trad
DuboseOil
Cantonment. FL*
Enforcement lead
Khase; treatability study within a
yew
Treatability study to be Conducted
early 1991
Contaminated soil and sludge
exoavaled; ait* capped alter
biotreatment
Pilot bench-scale treatability
studies being reviewed;
workplans in place, comments to
go over 30 days
Assessing extent of contamination
Bench treatability study completed;
risk assessment and treatability
study ongoing
Conducting pilot studies; ROD
signed 12/90
Pilot scale Held demonstration
scheduled lor 3rd quarter 1991 ;
pilot bench-scale tests have been
completed off-site
Conducting treatability studies
Currently conducting
bioremediation
Discussing bioremediation as an
option; no studies underway
Discussing bioremediation as an
option; no studies underway
Currently conducting
bioremediation;
ROD signed 6/4/86
Conducted treatability studies;
currently in pre-design stage
Conducting treatability studies
ROD signed 8/7/90; currently in
design stage
Clean-up Level*
Total TPNA 50mg/kg; PCPs 50
mg/kg; xylene 1.5 mg/kg;
benzene 10 mg/kg; TCE .05
mg/kg; DCE .07 mg/kg
JAHnown
Not yet established
25 ppm for all contaminants
Not yet established
Not yet established
1 ppm carcinogenic PAHs
Not yet established
4.1 mgJkg phenol
4.87 mg/kg Cumene
Unknown
Not yet established
Not yet established
Groundwater: 28 mg/l
carcinogens; 300 mg/1 non-
carcinogens
Soil: detoxification levels
Not yet established
Not yet established
5 ppb TCE; 70 ppb DCE; 200
pob DCE; drinking water
standards used where possble
Treatment
.and treatment
.and treatment
.and treatment using
bacteria, nutrients, and
co metabolite
Undetermined
.and treatment
Possible bioremediation
In s'Au and prepared pad
In situ treatment using
indigenous methanotrophs
Undetermined
In-situ pump treatment;
reinfiltration gallery
Land treatment
Land treatment
In situ
Forced aeration
Undetermined
Undetermined
* Indicates a new site in the Table.
* Information regarding this site has been updated for this issue.
Shading depicts a non-CERCLA site.
-------
BIOREMEDIATION in the Field
Page 9
CERCLA/RCRA/UST SITES CONSIDERING, PLANNING, OR
OPERATING FULL-SCALE BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEMS
Rgn
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
SXeVLocatlon/Uad
Galesburg/Kopperi,
IL*
Stole lead
Henlchells*
Trav»r» City, Mt
USTtead
Joslyn MFG. MN*
State enforcement
lead
Marathon Station
Kentwood, Ml
USTIead
MayvitteFire
Department
MayviJ»,Ml
USTIead
McGillis Gbb, MN*
Fund lead
MOM American
Milwaukee, Wl
Fund lead
New Lyme, OH
Fund lead
Organic Chemical,
Ml
Fund lead
Parke-Davis
Holland. Ml
RCRAIead
Reilly Tar, IN*
Enforcement lead
Reilly Tar &
Chemical*
St. Louis Park, MN
Enforcement lead
Seymour Recycling,
IN*
Unrtl
PRP lead
Seymour Recycling,
IN
Unit 2
PRP lead
Sheboygan River
and Harbor*
Sheboygan. Wl
PRP lead
Contact/Phone
Number
Brad Bradley
312-886-4742
Bob Keener
616-775-9728
Cliff Twaroski
612-296-7827
Bonnie While
616456-5071
SueKwfcer
Mattock
5)7.771-1731
Darryl Owens
312-886-7089
Betty Lavit
312-886-4784
Darryl Owens
312-886-7089
Tom Williams
312-886-6157
Dave Pet rovski
312-886-0997
Dion Novak
312-886-4737
Darryl Owens
312-886-7089
MPCA
contacts:
Doug Beckwith
612-296-7301
Mike Scott
612-296-7297
Jeff Gore
312-886-6552
Jeff Gore
312-886-6552
Bonnie Eleder
312-8864885
Contamln ante/Media
Phenols, chkxophenol, PNAs.
PCP. PAHs/sol
Gasoline/soil, groundwater
PAHs, PCP. dioxin, furans/soil
gatoBrte/sroundwater
BTEX/sott, groundwater
PAHs, PCP/groundwater
PAHs/soil. sediments
Ethyl benzene; methylene
chloride; phthalates/groundwater
Oil, TCE, toluene/groundwater
Benzene, methanol, isopropenol,
luelrsoil, groundwater
Creosote, PAHs, metals, semi
VOAs/soil; benzene, ammonia,
pyridine/groundwater
Creosote, PAHs/soil.
groundwater
VC, TCE. DCE/groundwater
VC, TCE, DCE/soil
PCBs/sediment
Status
Conducting pHot study;
ROD signed 7/89; have
not yet started design phase
Biommedialibn activity ended;
•erne contamination remains;
Aaency requested further cleanup
MN declaration 1988 -no
concurrence by EPA; design
completed
Conducting Uoremedialion
Conducting bioramediation
Treatability and pilot studies
completed 12/89; report due 3/91
Pilot study completed;
ROD signed 9/27/90;
design stage Summer 1991
Conducted pilot study 1/88; final
process to begin operation by
11/90
Waiting for feasbility study to do
remediation on TCE and toluene;
working on additional workplan for
oil
Approaching design phase
Rl completed; draft treatability
study workplan under review
Planning treatability study
Preliminary stages; ROD signed
9/87
ROD signed 9/87; bbremediation
of soil completed; no treatability
studies conducted
Treatability and pilot studies to be
completed end of 1991;
Clean-up Level*
Not yet established
Non-detection levels
150 ppm total PAHs; 100 ppm
total PCP
Background non-detection levels
w risk-based levels "
Groundwater: IppbSETX
Soil;10ppbBETX
Not yet established
6.1 ppm PAHs
68 ug/l ethyl benzene; 473 ug/l
methylene chloride; 9.2 ug/l
phthalate
Not yet established
Not yet established
Not yet established
Not yet established
Drinking water standards
None established
Not yet established
Treatment
Land treatment; in situ
with amendments -
amendments and
applications not yet
determined
Air sparging; nutrient
addition; (n situ pump and
reihfiltfalion galtory
Land treatment using
irrigation and addition of
nutrients and microbes
Fixed lilmbtorefcStof with
submerged plate
Biofemediation using:
oxygen with no addition of
nutrients
Fixed film aerobic reactor
Slurry bioreactor using
indigenous bacteria
Rotating biological
reactors
Undetermined
Undetermined
Undetermined
t
In situ (surface and
subsurface) using
additional nutrients (N, P)
Proposed bioremediation
of tetrahydrofurans in
groundwater
Biodegredation of heavy
volatiles hydrocarbons
and non-volatiles
Natural and enhanced
biodegredatbn in
enclosed facility; in situ
study in capped
sediments
4 Indicates a new site in the Table.
* Information regarding this site has been updated for this issue.
Shading depicts a non-CERCLA site.
-------
Page 10
BIOREMEDIATION //i the Field
CERCLA/RCRA/UST SITES CONSIDERING, PLANNING, OR
OPERATING FULL-SCALE BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEMS
Rgn
V
V
V
VI
VI
VI
VI
VI
VI
VII
VII
VII
SKe/Loc*tion/LMd
Steeping Bea* •
Dune* :
National lakeshore
LIST lead
St. Louis River. MN
State lead
Union Carbide,
OH*
Enforcement
Atchinson*
Santa Fe, NM
Enforcement lead
French Limited
Crosby, TX
Hudson Refining
Co,*
Cushing.QK
RCRAIead
North Cavalcade*
Houston, TX
State lead
Old Inger*
Oarrow, LA
Fund lead
Sheridan Disposal
Services*
Houston, TX
Enforcement lead
Amoco RXinmy*
Sugar Creek. MO
RCRAfearf
Conservation
Chemical
Kansas City, MO
Enforcement lead
Fairfield Coal &
Gas*
Fairfield, IA
Enforcement lead
Number
PhilOurgin
702-798-2100
John Wilson
405-332-8800
Debbie Siebers
312-353-9299
Cliff Twaroski
612-296-7827
Kathleen
Warren
312-353-6756
Susan Webster
214-655-6730
FTS 255-6730
Judy Black
214-655-6735
FTS 255-6735
Keith Phillips
214-655-e480
FTS 255-6480
Deborah
Griswold
214-655-6715
FTS 255-671 5
Paul Sieminski
214-655-6710
FTS 255*710
Ruth Izraeli
214-655-6735
FTS 255-6735
Frank Oofan
314-751-3176
Steve
Auchterlonie
913-551-7778
FTS 276-7778
Steve Jones
913-551-7755
FTS 276-7755
Contact/Phone
Contaminants/Media
Gasol'HWgroundwatef
PAHs/soils, sediments
VOCs, dioxin, mono-
dichlorinated biphenyls/soil,
groundwater
Hydrocarbons, diesel/soil
Benzene, vinyl chloride, DCE,
PCBs/sludges, soil, and
groundwater
OH, grease, PAHs/soil,
grounoValer
Carcinogenic PAHs,
benzene/groundwater;
carcinogenic PAHs/soil
Hydrocarbons/soil, groundwater
Benzene, toluene, ethyl
benzene, phenols, PCBs/soil.
sludge, surface water
Oil, PAHs, refinery sludges,
metals/sludges, soil
Phenofs/groundwater
Benzene, ethyl benzene,
toluene, xylene,
PAHs/groundwater
SUtIM
Site investigation completed :
Planning treatabilHy study
Remedial investigation completed
Some treatabilHy studies
completed; ROD signed 9/23/88;
planning pilot project; starting in
situ 6/91
ROD signed 3/88; project under
design
Operational since 4/88
Design stage; planning
bioremediation pilot project for
FY91
Pilot studies completed; ROD
signed 9/84; design completed
1986; finalizing construction with
remediation to begin 9/91 ;
supplemental groundwater Rl
being conducted
Beginning pilot study;
ROD signed 12/88;
currently in design stage
Treatabiltty studies completed
1988-89; treatment facility on-fine
since 7/90
Treatability study conducted;
ROD signed 9/30/87;
operational since 4/90
RD phase
Clean-up Levels
Not yet established
Not yet established
Not yet established
Not yet established
Soils and sludges: BAP 9 ppm;
PCB 23 ppm; VOCs 43 ppm;
arsenic 7 ppm; benzene 14ppm;
Groundwater: MCLs
Varied
.04 ppm benzene; 1 ppm
carcinogenic PAHs
PCBs as an indicator of other
organics (25 ppm PCBs)
Less than 300 mg/kg total PAHs;
less than 160 mg/kg potentially
carcinogenic PAHs
MO drinking water standards
Benzene 1 ppb; carcinogenic
PAHs 0.2 ppb
Treatment
Natural btodegredation -
no amendments
Undetermined
Undetermined
In situ (surface and
subsurface); sludges
treated separately
Treatment in a lagoon for
sludges and soils; pump
and treat and/or in situ for
groundwater
Three phases of land
application with varied
applications of nutrients;
1) active • requires
monthly application of
nutrients and monthly
tilling; 2) enhanced -
annual application of
nutrients and no tilling;
and 3) augmented - no
addition of nutrient* or
tilling
Groundwater: pump and
carbon adsorption
treatment Soil:
bioremediation method -
specifics undetermined
Land treatment
Aqueous bioreactor
Land treatment and liquid
solids reactor
Fixed film bioreactor (2 in
series)
In situ (subsurface) using
nutrient enhancement
* Indicates a new site in the Table.
* Information regarding this site has been updated for this issue.
Shading depicts a non-CERCLA site.
-------
BIOREMEDIATION In the Field
Page 11
CERCLA/RCRA/UST SITES CONSIDERING, PLANNING, OR
OPERATING FULL-SCALE BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEMS
Rgn
VII
VII
VII
Vlt
VII
VII
VII
VIII
VIII
VIII
VIII
VIII
SKe/Locatlon/Lnd
tntwnalbnat
Paper*
JopBn, MO
Unrll
RCRAIoad
International
Paper*
Jopfe, MO
Unit 2
RCRAIead
International
Paper*
Joplin, MO '
Unrt3 :
RCRAIead j
tntwnalbnat
Paper*
Joplin, MO
Unit 4
RCRAtead
Parti City,
Kansas*
Scott Lumber*
Alton, MO
Removal lead
Vogel Paint & Wax,
IA*
State lead
Burlington Northern
Somers, MT
Enforcement lead
Chemical
Distribution Site*
Billings, MT
State lead
Libby Groundwater
Site
Libby, MT
Enforcement lead
Pesticide
Distribution Facility
Minot, NO
RCRAIead
Public Service
Denver, CO
OSTIsad
Number
Frank Dolan
3U-751-3178
Frank Dolan
314-751'3176
Frank Oolan
314-751-3176
Frank Dolan
317-751-3176
John Wilson
RSKERL
405-332-8800
FTS 743-2259
Bruce Morrison
913-236-3881
FTS 757-3881
Steve Jones
913-551-7755
FTS 276-7755
Jim Harris
406-449-5414
FTS 585-5414
Jim Morrison
ECOVA
206-883-1900
Julie Daisoglio
406-449-5414
FTS 585-5414
Jim Morrison
ECOVA
206-883-1900
Suzanne Roll
SOS-ass-tall
Contact/Phone
Contwninanta/Medi*
24 organic constituents from
creosote, including PAHs.
PCP/soil
24 organic constituents from
creosote, including PAHs,
PCP/sail
24 organic constituents from
creosote, including PAHs, .
PCP/so8
24 organic constituents from
creosote, including PAHs,
PCP/soB
Refined petroleum
products/water table aquifer in a
municipal well field
Creosote oompounds(PAHs,
benzo-a-pyrenej/soil
(no PCP)
Benzene, ethyl benzene, xylene,
toluene, MEK/soil
PAHs, zinc, phenol/soil,
sediments, groundwater
Herbicides (chlorinated
phenolj/groundwater
PAHs, PCPs/soil, groundwater
Pesticides (2,4-D)/soil
Benzene, xylene, toluene/soil,
groundwater
Status
Under construction; pilot studies to
be conducted concurrently with
treatment operations
Under construction; pilot studies to
b* conducted concurrently with
treatment operations
Under construction; pilot studies to
be conducted concurrently with
treatment Operations
Under construction; pilot studies to
be conducted concurrently with
treatment operations
Full scale cleanup will start 3/91
Conducted treatability study 1988;
operational since 6/89; 9,200 tons
of soil treated
Bench-scale studies complete;
ROD signed 9/89;
design complete, currently in RA
phase
Land treatment demonstration
11/90; pilot studies planned for
groundwater in 1 1/90;
ROD signed 9/27/89; full scale
1992
Operational since 4/88
ROD signed 12/88; consent
decree 10/89; bench-scale
demonstration project for land
treatment unit, bioreactor and in
situ treatment completed; full-scale
remedial action to begin Summer
1991
Full-scale bioremedialion
completed 1988
Operating unit for one year
Clean-up Level*
Sum of the concentrations of 24
aromatic compound is less than
600 ppm
Not yet determined
No) yet determined
Not yet determined
Drinking water standards for
benzene
500 ppm total PAHs; 14 ppm
benzo-a-pyrene
TCLP test for leachwater
organics; 100 mg/kg organic
hydrocarbons; EPA toxicity test
Soil: 36 mg/kg carcinogenic
PAHs;
Groundwater: .030 ug/l
carcinogenic PAHs
.5 ppm 2,4-D
Soil: 88 mg/kg total carcinogenic
PAHs; 8 ppm non-carcinogenic
PAHs; 7.3 ppm pyrene; 37 mg/kg
PCP; 1 ppb dioxm; 8 mg/kg
napthalene; 8 mg/kg
phenanthrene; 7.3 mg/kg pyrene
Groundwater: 400 ug/l
carcinogenic PAHs; 40 ug/l non
carcinogenic PAHs, 1 .05 mg/l
PCP; 5 mg/l benzene; 50 mg/l
arsenic; other compounds not
greater than 10*
5 ppm 2,4-D
Not yet established
Treat me nt
Land treatment (covered
facility)
Land treatment (covered
facility)
Land treatment (covered
facility)
Land treatment (covered
facility)
Subsurface treatment
using nitrate as electron
acceptor
Land treatment using
irrigation, no nutrient
addition
Land treatment
Soils: land treatment
Groundwater and
sediments: in situ
In situ (subsurface, using
nutrients and oxygen)
Soil: land treatment
Groundwater: in situ
treatment of groundwater
in fixed film bioreactor
Above ground and slurry
phase biotraal merit
* Indicates a new site in the Table.
* Information regarding this site has been updated for this issue.
Shading depicts a non-CERCLA site.
-------
Page 12
BIOREMEDIATION 7/7 the Field
CERCLA/RCRA/UST SITES CONSIDERING, PLANNING, OR
OPERATING FULL-SCALE BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEMS
Rgn
VIII
IX
IX
IX
IX
IX
(X
IX
IX
IX
IX
Ste/Location/LMd
Union Radio
Ur«mt*.WY
CERCLA/RCRA
enforcement lead
SKKUndfi* :
*«iCwrtM,CA
Enforcement U«j
CjAL-WNS ;
Urwport* :
GaHS»tviile,CA :
C*»«d !
CltmsHetorit* :
•feiifafW : ';
C*n)»N»iBM»,CA:
PRPbMt :
Convene*
Monttb^toCwp.
Yard
MonfabeteCA
CWXFreight
un** :
Santa ROM, CA
C A lead
i^miflpnwrif
WamifactUfef* :
San Francisco, C A
flCRAh** :
food Processor j
ftipOn.CA i
C A lead i
Former Service
Station*
Loe Angeles, CA
State lead
Former Tank Farm*
Torrarwe, CA
CAhmd
Fort Ord Army
Base*
Monterey, CA
Federal facility
enforcement lead
Contact/Phone
Number
FelxFleohas
303-330-1524
FTS 330-1 524
Carmen Santo*
41 S-744-2144
KenSmarkel
CAOeot.of
HkaHnSvc*
616-322-3910
KenSmarkel
CADept.af
HwUhSvo,
916-322-3310
PaulHadtey
CAD«pl.Of
HaaKtiSvc*.
916-322-3823
Marttfieracheid
CAtM., groundwater
Ar»«nio. cadmium, chromium,
lead, mercury, dichiorofnethane,
chbroform, 1-2 dichtaropropane,
carbon l»*Tachlorld»,TCE,
D9t\%thtot PMM^M^ wlti6fM^
cymnida, haayy
nW^ff9'8W'TOWrt0ip
Oi^»8
DtaeTfUeftoJ
Ga»din»/wil
Diesel fu«t/»a
Diesel fuel/wB
TCE/soil, groundwaler
Petroleum hydrocarbons/soil.
groundwater
Petroleum hydrOcarboria/sOil
MEK, VOCs/soil, groundwater
Statue
Treatability and pilot *tudie>
completed 9/90
Remedial *fudy »til in progress;
operation since 1987
Field work began 11*88;
btoremediation completed
BJoremediation completed
Conceptual workplan submitted for
review
No inability slud'ws conducted;
demonstration started 1(V22«0;
pre-trealment sample* Completed
resulting in non-detect
Remediation completed 1988;
17,000 cubic yards of soil treated
Pilot studies completed; currently
in design stage
Remediation complete
Treatment completed 1/91 ;
300,000 cubic yards of soil treated
Bioremediation currently being
used as an interim measure; pilot
testing completed; moving into
ROD phase
Clean-up Level*
Based on human health or
agricultural standards, whichever
is more stringent (to be decided
in next 6 months)
, 1 pprti eadmfum; 4)5 ppm;
chromium, lead, arsenic; .002
ppm mercury; heavy metals 1,5
pprn; 150 ppb dichlofomethane,
chloroform, TCE; 700 ppb 1 -2
dichloropropane; 5 ppb carbon
tetrachloride; 550 ppb berctene;
not established for phenols,
toluene and cyanide (tola! VOCs
2 ppm)
Approximately 1 00 ppm total
petroleum hydrocarbon*
Approximately 100 ppm total
petroleum hydrocarbons
Not yet determined
Not yet determined
100 ppm TPH in soil
.5 ppb TCE in groundwater
100 ppm TPH in soil; drinking
water standards
1 ,000 ppm total petroleum
hydrocarbons
Not yet established for soil;
MCLs for groundwater
Treatment
Undetermined
(toreador -leachst*
treatment plant with metal
removal system using
complexafipn with EQTA
Land treatment
BiOreactor
In situ bioremediation of
Contaminated soli;
moisture/nutrient addition
controlled and monitored
in the subsurface; oxygen
supplied via vacuum
wells
Sprinkler system to apply
bloculture formulation;
collected leachate treated
in an aerobic biological
reactor before
recirculation
Above-ground biological
treatment; solid phase
biological treatment
In situ biological treatment
with above-ground
bioreactor
In situ bioremediation,
closed loop system;
hydrogen peroxide as
oxygen source; above
ground holding tank for
nutrient addition
Above ground biological
treatment
Pump and treat carbon
adsorption for
groundwater, followed by
land treatment for MEK
A Indicates a new site in the Table.
* Information regarding this site has been updated for this issue.
Shading depicts a non-CERCLA site
-------
BIOREMEDIATION in the Field
Page 13
CERCLA/RCRA/UST SITES CONSIDERING, PLANNING, OR
OPERATING FULL-SCALE BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEMS
Rg
(X
IX
IX
IX
IX
IX
IX
IX
•IX
fe
Site/Locatlon/Le«d
*StW«ir*.A)r
Servfcs*
tJOO*w»
Mtdtacfcfote
W«Xtfeft
V^CA
<}AI^I
Contact/Phone
Number
&*»
WeSBOtttky
«*»•*<*
HwSfc&nw,
•StfraasaS**
Tony Luan
CADept of
HeaHhSvcs
916-322-6872
Tony Luan
CADept of
Hearth Svcs.
916-322-6872
Rose Mane
Caraway
415-744-2235
Mary Masters
415-744-2370
FTS 484-2370
Fred Schauffler
415-744-2365
FTS 484-2365
Rose Marie
Caraway
415-744-2235
Johanna Miller
415-744-2404
t«(Jl>-«l»*!»
CAOept Of.
Hwfch$«*
9f&3&#&*
ilwtowBWW"'
ECO**.
fc#**M«>$
Contamlnint(/Medla
PvtUiMtK -^nwrw. 6RAVO
OhiwatlWtosa, dfcSthtf, ttvatflrwj
t «**, 0orf ftfetfc* wdfefc,
tfS»wtift,m»ftyi p«-a)hk«,
iwfcft^pisaftJwvmrtW
ti^.K^thwn^MttwM,.
10 organic pesticides/soil
TNT, trinrtrobenzene, DNT,
nitrobenzene/soil
VOCs/soil, groundwater
Arsenic, chromium, PCP, PAHs,
dioxins, furans/soil, sediments,
groundwater,
benzene/groundwater; zinc,
TCP/sediments
Arsenic, chromium,
PCDD/PCDF, PAHs, PCP,
creosote/soil; arsenic,
chromium, PCDD/PCDF, PAHs,
PCP/groundwater
Waste oils, metals (lead, zinc,
phenol/soil, groundwater
DDT, monochlorobenzene/soil,
groundwater
imtttnSMfeiMftarf. avfetiaa
flui*Wf,9WWfwaW«
J^BlfeWB, Mwoaffeon«/$0it
Status
6fcr«n»d)atiott eotflpfcted •- wport.
avaJtaW*
Pilot project completed; evaluating
field study results
Pilot scale field study completed;
evaluating field study results
Final Rl complete; FS due 3/1/91
Treatability studies conducted,
ROD signed 9/27/90
ROD signed 9/89, currently in the
last stage of the consent decree
for RD/RA; treatability studies to
be done late 1991
Second phase of feasibility study
completed; Rl approved by State
lead agency
Bench-scale treatabdity study on
soil and groundwater completed
8/90; currently planning follow-up
bench-scale study for groundwater
only; bench-scale study proved
not effective for DDT
60rwfc $«af» t*s(|K»mpto»(«s(ut$««l»
bidf»m«iSa)io«
Clesn-up Level*
wt ytt ttetonftifroij
A
Not yet determined
30 ppm TNT; 5 ppm DNT; 5 ppm
nitrobenzene
Not yet established
Groundwater: arsenic 5 ppb;
chromium 8 ppb; benzene 1
ppb, PCP 2.2 ppb; PAHs 5 ppb;
dioxin .000025 ppb.
Surface soils: arsenic 8 ppm;
chromium 500 ppm, PCP 17 ppm;
carcinogenic PAHs .51 ppm;
dioxin .001 ppm; furans 001
ppm.
Leachate: arsenic 5 ppm;
chromium 5 ppm, PCP 1 7 ppm;
carcinogenic PAHs .005 ppm;
non-carcinogenic PAHs .15 ppm;
dioxin .001 ppm.
Sediments: arsenic 8 ppm;
chromium 18 ppm, zinc 26 ppm;
carcinogenic PAHs .5 ppm; PCP
1 ppm; TCP 1 ppm.
Background levels for arsenic
soil and Cr in soil and
groundwater; .007 ug/l PAHs in
groundwater, .19 mg/kg in soil,
PCP 17 mg/kg in soil, 2 2 ug/l in
groundwater; dioxin 30 ppt in soil,
0 53 ppq in groundwater
Not yet established
Not yet established
rfotyrttawH&wd
^ppfr+lftr* fa yrotmdwtw
Treatment
(wirfwit*
•4-
f
-; -
Land treatment
Land treatment
Bioremediation or land
treatment - composting
Land treatment for
organic* using imported
microbes for soils and
sediments (still unclear as
to need to import microbes
- indigenous microbes
may work); cement
fixation for inorganics in
soils; bioreactor for
organics in groundwater;
chemical precipitation for
inorganics in groundwater
In situ bbremediation of
so! with PCP; soil
washing for soil with
PAHs; fixation of metal
oonaminated soil;
groundwater treatment
with carbon
Undetermined
In situ enhanced by
injection of nutrients
''':•,>
, > •••'•.
% /
- '?•$
tejte. --• ,, %% i\
S" \'" « <'
f
A Indicates a new site in the Table
* Information regarding this site has been updated for this issue.
Shading depicts a non-CERCLA sit*.
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Page 14
BIOREMEDIATION //) the Field
CERCLA/RCRA/UST SITES CONSIDERING, PLANNING, OR
OPERATING FULL-SCALE BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEMS
gn
Site/Location/Lead
Contact/Phone
Number
Cont>minanta/Medl<
Slatu*
Clean-up Level*
Treatment
tx
Carson City, CA
''
CADepf.of
Ne^fer*«*0r
Former Service
Station*
Vancouver, WA
State Lead
Jim Morrison
ECOVA
206-883-1900
Diesel fuel
Treatment complete 6/89, 1,000
cube yards of soil treated
200 ppm in soil
Above ground biological
treatment
A Indicates a new site in the Table
* Information regarding this site has been updated for this issue
Shading depicts a non-CERCLA site
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BIOREMEDIATION in the Field
Page 15
CERCLA/RCRA/UST SITES CONSIDERING, PLANNING, OR
OPERATING FULL-SCALE BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEMS
Rgn
X
X
X
Site/Location/Lead
School District
Maintenance
Facilities*
Seattle, WA
State lead
Utah Power and
Light*
Idaho Falls, ID
State lead
Wyckoff*
Eagle Harbor,
Puget Sound, WA
PRP lead
Contact/Phone
Number
Jim Morrison
ECOVA
206-883-1900
Andrew
Pentony
208-334-5879
Rene Fuentes
206-553-1599
FTS 399-1599
Cont»mln«nt»/Medl«
Diesel fuel
Creosote/soil
phenob/groundwater
Creosote, PCP/noil,
groundwater, surface water
St«tu«
Treatment ongoing until 6/91 ;
2,000 cubic yards of soil treated
Final plan for bioremediation not
yet submitted
RI/FS not conducted yet
Clean-up Levels
200 ppm in soil
50 ppb creosote in soil;
EPA Region 10 groundwater
protection standards for
groundwater
Not yet established
Treatment
Above ground biological
treatment
Part of upgradient portion
not capped - bioremedia-
tion being used (white rot
fungus)
Bioreactor - activated
sludge for treatment of
groundwater, possible soil
and sludge bioremediation
* Indicates a new site in the Table.
* Information regarding this site has been updated for this issue.
Shading depicts a non-CERCLA site
Bioremediation Field Initiative Contacts
If you have information on a site using bioremediation that is
not identified in Table 1, please submit this information in
writing to Nancy Dean at TIO. Additionally, if you have
laboratory-, pilot- or full-scale treatability data on a site,
please have a copy sent to TIO at the address listed below.
Fran Kremer
Coordinator, Bioremediation Field Initiative
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI)
26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Nancy Dean
Technology Innovation Office (TIO)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER)
Mail Code: OS-110
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
Upcoming Conference/Publications
for Wastewater Tt&ammt - Ceafer*
$nee sponsored by the American Chemical Society Ng.-
totri MKtiftg» April 14-19, 199L Atoa,OAx Coatee*
Rakesfe
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Page 16
BIOREMEDIATION in the Field
SUPERFUND TECHNICAL SUPPORT PROGRAM (TSP)
The Superfund Technical Support Program has been de-
signed to facilitate communication and coordination be-
tween EPA's Superfund site managers (On Scene Coordi-
nators-OSCs and Remedial Project Managers-RPMs) and
EPA Headquarters, Regions, State environmental agen-
cies and the EPA Office of Research and Development.
The purpose of the TSP is to ensure the consistent applica-
tion of remedial technologies and the timely transfer of
pertinant technical information. Through the program,
EPA has established a network of technical support re-
sources available to EPA's OSCs and RPMs that includes
six technical Support Centers and two Forum Representa-
tives from each Region, one in the area of ground-water
fate and transport and the other in engineering/treatment.
Technical experts participating in the TSP can assist field
personnel with several different types of technical
projects:
• Evaluations of the feasibility of technologies as treat-
ment options;
• Feasibility study reviews or workplan evaluations;
• Remedial design reviews;
• Implementation oftreatability studies;
• Development or review of sampling plans; and
• Analysis of operational data.
For immediate assistance on technical questions, RPMs
and OSCs can call one of the six Support Centers:
• Ground-Water Fate and Transport Center, Ada,
Oklahoma;
• Monitoring and Site Characterization Center, Las Vegas,
Nevada;
• Environmental Response Center, Edison, New Jersey;
• Exposure and Ecorisk Assessment Center, Athens,
Georgia;
• Engineering and Treatment Center, Cincinnati, Ohio;
and
• Health and Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, Ohio.
To request on-site assistance or to initiate a technical
assistance project, OSC's or RPM's should contact their
Regional Forum representative. For projects requiring
funding, written requests must be submitted to the appro-
priate Support Center. For further information on activi-
ties of the Regional Forums or the TSP call Rich Steimle
atFTS: 382-7914 or 202/382-7914.
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati, OH 45268
BULK RATE
POSTAGE & FEES PAID
EPA
PERMIT No. G-35
ftU.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1 9 9 1 - 5 >t 8- 18720580
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