&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste And
Emergency Response
(5201 G)
SUPERFUND:
EPA/540/R-95/097 i-~-""
PB95-962929
9200.5-727C
May 1995
Progress at
National
Priority
List Sites
MONTANA
1995 UPDATE
Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
How to Use the NPL Book
The site fact sheets presented in this book
are comprehensive summaries that cover a
broad range of information. The fact sheets
describe hazardous waste sites on the NPL and
their locations, as well as the conditions
leading to their listing ("Site Description").
The summaries list the types of contaminants
that have been discovered and related threats
to public and ecological health ("Threats and
Contaminants"). "Cleanup Approach" pres-
ents an overview of the cleanup activities
completed, underway, or planned. The fact
sheets conclude with a brief synopsis of how
much progress has been made in protecting
public health and the environment. The
summaries also pinpoint other actions, such as
legal efforts to involve polluters responsible
for site contamination and community con-
cerns.
The fact sheets are arranged in alphabetical
order by site name. Because site cleanup is a
dynamic and gradual process, all site informa-
tion is accurate as of the date shown on the
bottom of each page. Progress is always being
made at NPL sites, and the EPA periodically
will update the site fact sheets to reflect recent
actions. The following two pages show a
generic fact sheet and briefly describe the
information under each section.
How Can You Use
This State Book?
You can use this book to keep informed
about the sites that concern you, particu-
larly ones close to home. The EPA is commit-
ted to involving the public in the decision
making process associated with hazardous
waste cleanup. The Agency solicits input from
area residents in communities affected by
Superfund sites. Citizens are likely to be
affected not only by hazardous site conditions,
but also by the remedies that combat them.
Site cleanups take many forms and can affect
communities in different ways. Local traffic
may be rerouted, residents may be relocated,
temporary water supplies may be necessary.
Definitive information on a site can help
citizens sift through alternatives and make
decisions. To make good choices, you must
know what the threats are and how the EPA
intends to clean up the site. You must under-
stand the cleanup alternatives being proposed
for site cleanup and how residents may be
affected by each one. You also need to have
some idea of how your community intends to
use the site in the future, and you need to know
what the community can realistically expect
once the cleanup is complete.
The EPA wants to develop cleanup methods
that meet community needs, but the Agency
only can take local concerns into account if it
understands what they are. Information must
travel both ways in order for cleanups to be
effective and satisfactory. Please take this
opportunity to learn more, become involved,
and assure that hazardous waste cleanup at
"your" site considers your community's
concerns.
-------
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Provides the dates when the
site was Proposed, made Final,
and Deleted from the NPL.
SITE RESPONSIBILITY
Identifies the Federal, State,
and/or potentially responsible
parties taking responsibility
for cleanup actions at the site.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROGRESS
Summarizes the actions to
reduce the threats to nearby
residents and the surrounding
environment and the progress
towards cleaning up the site.
SITE NAME
STATE
EPAID# ABCOOOOOOO
Site Description
EPA REGION XX
COUNTY NAME
LOCATION
Other Names:
: xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx :
: xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx \
: xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx x xxx :
xxxxxxx xxx XXXJ^M ^ggocxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx :
xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx^temxx^ xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX>)BiJ(XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXX XXX XXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXxStol^JtXX XXXXXX XX XXXX XXX XXXXX XXX XXXXX XXX XXXXX
Site Responsibility:
xxxxxx xxx xxxxx :
xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx
NPL Listing History
Proposed: XX/XX/XX
Final XX/XX/XX
Threats and Contaminants
XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX
xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx
XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX X XXX XX
xxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx
Cleanup Approach
XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX X XXX XXXXXXXX
Response Action Status
XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX ;
XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX :
XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX X :
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX ;
XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX>K XXXXXXXXX XXXX X XXX XX XXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXX
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxx
XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX :
Site Facts:
XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX X XXX
^^(XXXXXX XXX XXXXXX
Environmental Progress
XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX X XXX XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
Site Repository
XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX
SITE REPOSITORY
Lists the location of the primary site lepository. The site
repository may include community relations plans, public
meeting announcements and minutes, fact sheets, press
releases, and other site-related documents.
-------
SITE DESCRIPTION
This section describes the location and history of the site. It includes descrip-
tions of the most recent activities and past actions at the site that have con-
tributed to the contamination. Population estimates, land usages, and nearby
resources give readers background on the local setting surrounding the site.
THREATS AND CONTAMINANTS
The major chemical categories of site contamination are noted, as well as
which environmental resources are affected. Icons representing each of the
affected resources (may include air, groundwater, surface water, soil, and
contamination to environmentally sensitive areas) are included in the margins
of this section. Potential threats to residents and the surrounding environ-
ments arising from the site contamination also are described.
CLEANUP APPROACH
This section contains a brief overview of how the site is being cleaned up.
RESPONSE ACTION STATUS
Specific actions that have been accomplished or will be undertaken to clean
up the site are described here. Cleanup activities at NPL sites are divided
into separate phases, depending on the complexity and required actions at the
site. Two major types of cleanup activities often are described: initial,
immediate, or emergency actions to quickly remove or reduce imminent
threats to the community and surrounding areas; and long-term remedial
phases directed at final cleanup at the site. Each stage of the cleanup strategy
is presented in this section of the summary. Icons representing the stage of
the cleanup process (initial actions, site investigations, EPA selection of the
cleanup remedy, engineering design phase, cleanup activities underway, and
completed cleanup) are located in the margin next to each activity descrip-
tion.
SITE FACTS
Additional information on activities and events at the site are included in this
section. Often details on legal or administrative actions taken by the EPA to
achieve site cleanup or other facts pertaining to community involvement with
the site cleanup process are reported here.
-------
Guide to the NPL Book Icons
The "icons," or symbols, accompanying the text allow the reader to see at a glance which envi-
ronmental resources are affected and the status of cleanup activities at the site.
Icons in the Threats
and Contaminants
Section
Icons in the Response
Action Status Section
Contaminated Groundwater re-
sources in the vicinity or underlying
the site. (Groundwater is often used
as a drinking water source.)
Contaminated Surface Water and
Sediments on or near the site.
(These include lakes, ponds,
streams, and rivers.)
Contaminated Air in the vicinity of
the site. (Air pollution usually is
periodic and involves contaminated
dust particles or hazardous gas
emissions.)
Contaminated Soil and Sludges on
or near the site. (This contamination
category may include bulk or other
surface hazardous wastes found on
the site.)
Threatened or contaminated Envi-
ronmentally Sensitive Areas in the
vicinity of the site. (Examples
include wetlands and coastal areas
or critical habitats.)
Initial, Immediate, or Emergency
Actions have been taken or are
underway to eliminate immediate
threats at the site.
Site Studies at the site to determine
the nature and extent of contamina-
tion are planned or underway.
Remedy Selected indicates that site
investigations have been concluded,
and the EPA has selected a final
cleanup remedy for the site or part
of the site.
Remedy Design means that engi-
neers are preparing specifications
and drawings for the selected
cleanup technologies.
Cleanup Ongoing indicates that the
selected cleanup remedies for the
contaminated site, or part of the site,
currently are underway.
Cleanup Complete shows that all
cleanup goals have been achieved
for the contaminated site or part of
the site.
-------
EPA ID
Number Site Name
MTD093291656 ANACONDA CO. SMELTER
MTD980606602 BURLINGTON NORTHERN LIVINGSTON COMPLEX
MTD006230346 EAST HELENA SITE
MTD006232276 IDAHO POLE CO.
MTD980502736 LIBBY GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION
MTD980717565 MILLTOWN RESERVOIR SEDIMENTS
MTD006230635 MONTANA POLE AND TREATING
MTD021997689 MOUAT INDUSTRIES
MTD980502777 SILVER BOW CREEK/BUTTE AREA
-------
ANACONDA
COMPAN
MONTANA
EPA ID# MTD093291
EPA REGION 8
Deer Lodge County
Southern end of Deer Lodge Valley
Other Names:
Anaconda Reduction Works
Washoe Works
Old Works
New Works
Site Description
The Anaconda Company Smelter site covers 6,000 acres at the southern end of Deer Lodge
Valley. Wastes from nearly 100 years of smelting operations were distributed over a vast area
by mechanical operations, slurry ditches, and the wind. The smelting processes produced wastes
high in metals. The wastes include about 185 million cubic yards of concentrated ore wastes
called mine tailings, about 27 million cubic yards of furnace slags, approximately 360,000 cubic
yards of flue dust, and tens of square miles of contaminated soils. Investigations in 1984 found
that Mill Creek, the closest community to the site, had the highest levels of contamination of any
inhabited areas around the smelter. Mill Creek had a population of 100 people. They have been
relocated and the houses have been demolished. Anaconda, with a population of 10,000 people,
is located 1/2 mile west of the smelter.
Site Responsibility:
The site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/23/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Airborne contaminants include arsenic, cadmium, and lead from wind-blown
contaminated soil and beryllium from waste disposal areas. Surface water,
groundwater, and soil contain heavy metals, including arsenic, cadmium, copper, zinc,
and lead from the smelting operations. Environmental testing of the community and
biological testing of pre-school children led the EPA to conclude that contamination in
the Mill Creek area posed an imminent and substantial threat to the health of residents.
The accidental ingestion of contaminated soil or groundwater could pose a health threat
to people. Inhaling airborne contaminants also may increase health risks.
March 1995
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed through a number of response actions. To date, an emergency action,
four removals, and two long-term remedial actions have been completed. A number of ongoing
studies are focusing on the cleanup of remaining areas of contamination at the site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Action: Between 1986 and 1987, the EPA and the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) temporarily relocated residents of Mill Creek.
Old Works Expedited Removal: In 1992 the EPA and ARCO completed a
removal action that removed wastes from the stabilization of the banks of Warm
Springs Creek near the Red Sands waste pile, restricted access to waste piles and
ponds using fencing and signs, and repaired breaks in the levee along Warm Springs Creek.
Beryllium Disposal Areas: In 1992, beryllium wastes buried at the B2 cell in
Opportunity Ponds and on Weather Hill were taken to a repository that was
constructed on Smelter Hill. A temporary compacted soil cover was placed on the
repository and a final cover was installed in 1995. Maintenance of the remedy is ongoing and
will continue for the foreseeable future.
Arbiter Waste: In 1991 and 1992 about 275,000 cubic yards of material was taken
from the Arbiter and placed in the Arbiter repository on Smelter Hill.
Teressa Ann Terrace/Cedar Park Homes Yard Removal: In 1991, 19 front or
back yards, 32 yards around the Elkhorn Apartments, and 14 yards around Cedar
Park Homes were replaced. All work was completed by September 1992.
Mill Creek: The EPA selected a remedy for Mill Creek in 1987 to permanently
relocate all Mill Creek residents; stabilize the area temporarily; store the debris from
relocation and demolition and dispose of it, along with the contaminated soils from
Mill Creek, for final cleanup of Anaconda; regrade and replant areas disturbed by the relocation
and demolition activities; monitor and maintain the vegetation and the fence installed around the
area; and impose controls on access and land use. Mill Creek residents were permanently
relocated by ARCO in 1988. All cleanup activities were completed in late 1988. The cleanup
included county use of the land as storage for junk vehicles.
Flue Dust: The EPA selected a remedy for flue dust in 1991 that included stabilizing
approximately 316,500 cubic yards of flue dust using cement and lime, and placing
treated materials in an engineered repository. Treatment of flue dust was completed
in late 1993. The final disposal and capping is scheduled to occur in 1995. All cleanup goals
have been met.
March 1995 2 ANACONDA COMPANY SMELTER
-------
Old Works/East Anaconda Development Area (EADA): The EPA began an
investigation of the Old Works subsite in 1991. The investigation was completed in
September 1993, and the final cleanup plan includes consolidation and capping of
wastes, revegetation of the area, and institutional controls including future use of the land as a
golf course. Construction of the remedy is in the second year of a five year planned schedule.
Smelter Hill: In 1988, the EPA and ARCO began an intensive study of soil and
groundwater contamination around Smelter Hill. The investigation is scheduled to be
completed in 1996.
Community Soils: In 1991, the EPA and ARCO began a screening study of
community and regional soil pollution. ARCO also began an extensive community
arsenic study to determine the level of exposure to arsenic by residents. The
investigation began in 1994 and is scheduled to be completed in late 1995.
Regional Water and Waste: The EPA and ARCO began an investigation into the
nature and extent of the problem through groundwater monitoring. The investigation is
scheduled to be completed in 1996.
Site Facts: In 1984, ARCO entered into an Administrative Order on Consent with the EPA to
conduct investigations of the site. A second Administrative Order on Consent was entered into in
1986 between ARCO and the EPA requiring the company to perform an expedited investigation
of the Mill Creek area. In 1988, ARCO and the EPA negotiated a Consent Decree, under which
ARCO permanently relocated the residents of Mill Creek. In the same year, ARCO and the EPA
also entered into an Administrative Order on Consent to conduct studies on the Flue Dust and
Smelter Hill areas and to conduct expedited cleanup actions for the Old Works high risk area. In
1990, ARCO and the EPA amended the 1988 Administrative Order to conduct an accelerated
cleanup action on the Arbiter and heryIlium disposal areas.
Environmental Progress
The permanent relocation of Mill Creek residents, removal of contaminated wastes from a
number of areas, limiting access to the site, treating flue dust, and imposing land use controls
have reduced threats to human health from the Anaconda Smelter site. However, the EPA has
determined that high concentrations of heavy metals in waste piles, tailings and soils from the
smelter operations continue to pose a threat. In response, the EPA has taken additional initial
actions to consolidate and cap heavily contaminated soils to address these immediate threats while
final cleanup activities are being planned.
ANACONDA COMPANY SMELTER 3 March 1995
-------
BURLINGTON
NORTHERN
LIVINGST
COMPLEX
MONTANA
EPA ID# MTD986066025
EPA REGION 8
Park County
Livingston
Site Description
The 90-acre Burlington Northern Livingston Shop Complex (BNLSC) is located in Livingston,
Montana, about 100 miles west of Billings. The site is located within the city limits of
Livingston, and borders the Yellowstone River on the east. BNLSC was constructed by the
Northern Pacific Railroad (NPRR) in 1883 and, by the early 1900s, had expanded to include a
passenger depot, machine shops, a turntable, a roundhouse, and a powerhouse. The NPRR
operated BNLSC until early 1970, when Burlington Northern Railroad (BNRR) assumed
ownership and operations. BNRR operated the complex until 1986, when the site closed. Both
passenger and freight trains were fueled at BNLSC from 1947 until 1986. In 1987, portions of
BNLSC were purchased and leased by Montana Rail Link, and the site was reopened. In 1988, a
portion of the facility was purchased by the Livingston Rebuild Center. BNLSC is currently used
for the switching and temporary holding of rail cars by Montana Rail Link, and for locomotive
and heavy-equipment rebuilding and maintenance by Livingston Rebuild Center. BNLSC
operations required the use of chlorinated cleaners, petroleum hydrocarbons, and lubricating oils.
Historical waste treatment, storage, and disposal practices have contaminated soils and the
Livingston Aquifer, which underlies the site. BNLSC waste sources include: Separator Ponds;
the Waste Water Treatment Plant and Sump; the Oil Reclamation Sludge Disposal Area; the
Cinder Pile Lagoon; and the Tetrachloroethene (PCE) Vapor Degreaser. Two contaminated
groundwater plumes have been defined in the Livingston Aquifer. One plume, consisting of an
estimated 300,000 to 600,000 gallons of petroleum hydrocarbons, resulted from mechanical
failures and spills at fuel storage and fueling facilities. The second plume resulted from the
release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during long-term locomotive maintenance
operations and wastewater handling and treatment. The VOC plume extends northeast, for more
than 1 mile, from the shop complex to the Yellowstone River. The Livingston Aquifer supplies
municipal drinking water to the 6,701 residents of the city. Two municipal wells, as well as
residential and business drinking water wells, have been closed due to VOC contamination.
Site Responsibility:
The site is being through Federal, State,
and potentially responsible parties'
actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 08/23/94
March 1995
-------
Threats and Contaminants
The soil and groundwater are contaminated with VOCs including PCE, trichloroethene
(TCE), dichloroethene (DCE), and chlorobenzene. The groundwater also has a diesel
plume floating on top of the aquifer. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR) conducted a pancreatic cancer study of the Livingston area in 1990
and a follow-up study in 1994. The study revealed that the sample population had over
twice the expected number of pancreatic cancers as seen nationwide; however, no link
could be made between the site and the cancers.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: From 1988 through 1994, the State of Montana directed the
removal of the petroleum underground storage tanks, pip big, and contaminated soils.
Sludges from the wastewater treatment plant, which were deposited in unlined pits,
were removed to off-site disposal facilities. Soil vapor extraction wells were installed at eight
contaminated areas and the wells continue to remove VOCs from the soil.
Entire Site: The State of Montana is conducting an investigation into the extent of
contamination at the site. Completion of the study is slated for late 1995, at which
point final remedies will be selected to address remaining contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
By removing petroleum tanks and contaminated soil and sludge, closing wells, and installing soil
vapor extraction wells, the State of Montana has reduced potential health risks to people and the
environment while further investigations are taking place.
Site Repository
Livingston Public Library, 228 Callendar.Livingston, MT 59047, (406) 222-0862
MSU Renne Library, Library Reference Desk, Bozeman, MT 59047, (406) 994-3119
MT State Library, Capital Complex, State Repository Program, Helena, MT 59626,
(406)444-3004
March 1995 2 BURLINGTON NORTHERN LIVINGSTON
SHOP COMPLEX
-------
EAST HELEN
MONTANA
EPA ID# MTD00623
Site Description
EPA REGION 8
and Clark County
East Helena
Other Names:
American Smelting and Refining
ASARCO Inc.
East Helena Plant
East Helena Smelter
The East Helena Site comprises an operating lead smelter, the town of East Helena, and the
surrounding rural agricultural lands. For over 100 years, lead and zinc smelting operations have
deposited contaminants into the Helena Valley. Public access to the smelter is restricted in the
operating areas of the plant. Approximately 1,600 people live within 1 1/2 miles of the site.
Most of the area residences are hooked up to the municipal water supply system; however, some
residents still maintain private wells.
Site Responsibility:
The site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
L\
Air in the vicinity of the site, the shallow groundwater, and the surface soils are
contaminated with arsenic, and heavy metals, including cadmium and lead. Area
residents are subject to exposure of site-related contaminants that have become
airborne. Contaminated shallow groundwater does not pose a threat because it is not
used for domestic water supply, and there is no potential for direct human contact.
Health advisories were issued in 1988 to area residents warning them against
consuming some locally grown produce. Advisories also have been issued concerning
Wilson Ditch, a contaminated irrigation ditch that passes through a number of yards
and play fields.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four stages: initial actions and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on source control, soils, and the remaining contaminated areas at the site.
March 1995
-------
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: An expedited cleanup action began in July 1991 to remove
contaminated soils from residential areas, parks, playgrounds, streets, and alleys. The
potentially responsible party at the site, ASARCO, is performing this work. Over
400 yards have been identified as needing replacement, and the EPA expects ASARCO to
complete the work by 1996. Preliminary studies addressing soil and bioaccumulation of
contaminants in locally-raised livestock and crops were conducted by ASARCO in 1987 and
1989. As a result of the studies, the EPA undertook a separate action to address the
contamination in the Wilson Irrigation Ditch; this action was completed in 1993.
Source Control: Following completion of a site investigation in late 1989, the EPA
selected the remedy to eliminate a source of contamination at the site. The process
ponds act as a source of inorganic contamination of soils, groundwater, and surface
waters. The remedy includes isolating the process waters from the groundwater by constructing
steel storage tanks, other repairs, and replacing leaking equipment. The soils and pond
sediments, contaminated by decades of seepage, will be excavated and smelted. Contaminated
pond water will be treated by on-site coprecipitation. Approximately half of construction has
been completed. A wastewater treatment plant has been constructed that recovers 50 percent of
waste lead for reprocessing, as well as purifying the water for reuse. The cleanup is scheduled
to be completed in 1999.
Soils: Based on the completed site studies, ASARCO will complete the expedited soils
cleanup action described in the initial actions for this site. ASARCO is conducting
further studies to evaluate other soil contamination and to define soils disposal options.
The EPA has deferred a final remedy decision until 1998 while ASARCO funds a health
professional from a county health department to run a lead abatement program.
Remaining Areas: A work plan for the remaining site areas that proposed a
comprehensive site-wide study of all contamination and alternative cleanup methods
was submitted in 1990. ASARCO has completed sampling of the soil, garden
vegetable and grain, and fish. Confirmation of the contamination has led to the issuance of local
health advisories. Regularly conducted groundwater sampling within the residential area has
revealed arsenic contamination above drinking water standards in a few shallow wells. ASARCO
has drilled additional groundwater wells to define the contamination. Alternatives for
groundwater cleanup have been identified, but selection of the preferred remedy awaits
completion of the cleanup of the process ponds remedy, one of the sources of site contamination.
Site Facts: In 1984, the EPA and ASARCO entered into an Administrative Order on Consent,
under which the company performed a preliminary investigation of site contamination. A second
Administrative Order on Consent was signed by the EPA, the State, and ASARCO in 1988 for
the company to conduct additional investigations. In 1991, a third Administrative Order on
Consent was signed by the EPA and ASARCO requiring the company to perform the initial
actions to address the residential soil contamination.
March 1995 2 EAST HELENA SITE
-------
Environmental Progress
Preliminary evaluations by the EPA determined that removal of highly contaminated residential
soils and Wilson Ditch sediments was necessary. These actions have addressed the immediate
sources of soil contamination, while further investigations and cleanup actions that will address
the groundwater and remaining areas of contamination are being completed.
EAST HELENA SITE
March 1995
-------
IDAHO POLE
MONTANA
EPA ID# MTD0062322
EPA REGION 8
Gallatin County
Bozeman
Site Description
The Idaho Pole Company began treating wood products with creosote in 1946 at this 50-acre site
in Bozeman, Montana. In 1952, the company switched to a pentachlorophenol (PCP) treating
process. The facility has a history of contamination problems with surface water discharge. While
the current wood treating operation has no discharge, past spills and disposal practices have
resulted in soil, groundwater, and surface water contamination with PCP and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs). Groundwater in the area is shallow and flows north to northwest,
discharging into Rocky Creek. The State found quantities of PCP in a tributary to Rocky Creek
in 1978. Access to the site is restricted by a barbed-wire fence and warning signs. The facility is
bordered on the north and west by residential and industrial areas. Agricultural and residential
areas lie to the south and east. The nearest home is less than 1/2 mile from the site. About 1,250
people live within 3 miles of the site and use groundwater as a source of drinking water.
Site Responsibility:
The site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater on site is contaminated with PCP, PAHs, and dioxins. Site soils contain
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, toluene, and styrene. Ditches and
trenches on the site contained various forms of dioxins and organic compounds.
Surface water on the site contains PCP. Accidental ingestion or direct contact with
contaminated groundwater, soil, and surface water are potential health risks. Surface
water runoff from contaminated areas on the site threaten harm to Rocky Creek.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1995
-------
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1978, the State ordered Idaho Pole to eliminate discharges
to Rocky Creek and to stop disposing of waste in areas where it was likely to pollute
State waters. The company built an intercepter trench along a portion of the property
line to halt some of the PCP migration through the groundwater. In 1983, the EPA and the State
sampled the trench and found that PCP was moving away from the plant. Under orders from the
State Water Quality Bureau, Idaho Pole installed and is sampling 15 monitoring wells at the site.
Sludges produced in wood-treating vats are drummed and transported to a licensed hazardous
waste disposal site. The intercepter trench and absorbent pad system recover oily liquids from the
groundwater prior to its leaving the site.
Entire Site: The State completed an investigation of soil and water contamination in
late 1991. A site remedy was selected in 1992. The remedy includes groundwater
treatment with oxygen and nutrients to stimulate biodegradation, then re-injection
back into the aquifer. Residential water supplies will continue to be monitored. Soil will be
excavated from the former round house area, the area north of the plant buildings and from the
pasture area north of Interstate 90, and removed to a land treatment unit where contaminants will
be biologically reduced by naturally occurring microorganisms. Soil under Interstate 90 and the
plant buildings will be flushed with hot water and steam and then treated in place by biological
degradation. The potentially responsible parties have begun designing the soil and groundwater
remedies. The design for the soil remedy is scheduled to be completed in 1995. The
groundwater remedy design is scheduled to be completed in 1996.
Site Facts: In 1978, the State issued a Compliance Order requiring Idaho Pole to take measures
to eliminate discharges into Rocky Creek and to prevent the future disposal of waste in locations
where it was likely to migrate into State waters.
Environmental Progress
The installation of the intercepter trench and absorbent pad system have reduced the migration of
wastes through the groundwater at the Idaho Pole Company site while the final cleanup remedies
are being designed.
March 1995 2 IDAHO POLE COMPANY
-------
LIBBY GROUND
WATER
CONTAMIN
MONTANA
EPA ID# MTD980502736
Site Description
EPA REGION 8
jtfrtcoln County
her Names:
ampion Mill
The Libby Ground Water Contamination site is located on the grounds of the former Champion
International Corporation lumber and plywood mill in Libby. Between 1946 and 1969, wood
treating fluids were disposed of and spilled at several different locations on the mill property.
Wastewater and tank bottom sludges from the wood treating fluid tanks periodically were
removed and hauled to waste pits. In 1979, shortly after private wells were installed, some area
homeowners smelled a creosote odor in their water. The EPA sampled the groundwater and soil
and found it to be contaminated. The contaminated soil is within the confines of the facility;
however, groundwater contamination extends into the City of Libby. The Stimson Lumber
Company purchased the Libby Mill from Champion in December 1993. Champion has
maintained the responsibility for the site cleanup. The City of Libby and the surrounding areas
have a population of approximately 11,000. The site is bordered by Flower Creek, Libby Creek,
and the Kootenai River.
Site Responsibility:
The site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP) and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), in addition to heavy metals. Soils are contaminated with PCP,
PAHs, and, to a lesser extent, dioxins. People who touch or accidentally ingest the soil
or water from private wells may be exposed to contamination. If the contaminant
plume reaches the Kootenai River or Flower and Libby Creeks, the wildlife in the area
may be harmed by the pollutants.
March 1995
-------
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Initial Action: In 1985, Champion began a water distribution plan under which
residents with contaminated groundwater wells agreed to cease using their wells and
to begin using water from the public water system operated by the City of Libby.
The source of the public water supply is uncontaminated water from a reservoir upstream of
Flower Creek. Champion continues to provide monetary compensation to the well owners to pay
for the metered water. The company also sealed and locked the previously operating wells. The
program will be terminated once the threat of contamination has been eliminated or other
alternatives become available.
Groundwater: In 1986, the EPA selected a remedy to reduce human exposure to
groundwater contamination by continuing and expanding the water distribution plan
sponsored by Champion. The remedy also called for the enactment of an ordinance
that prohibits the installation of new wells for drinking water or irrigation, but allows well
installation for use in closed systems. Champion completed all actions selected in the remedy in
late 1986.
Soil, Lower Aquifer, and Source Control: In 1988, the EPA selected a remedy
to clean up the soil and to contain the source of the contamination by the following
methods: excavating and consolidating 45,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil and
debris in the waste pit area, treating it by an enhanced natural chemical breakdown process using
microorganisms, and disposing of it in two lined treatment cells that will be capped; collecting
highly contaminated groundwater in the upper aquifer system and treating it by bioremediation
using microorganisms; treating the remaining contamination by adding oxygen and nutrients to
the groundwater through injection wells; initiating pilot tests and studies to evaluate technologies
that may be used to clean up the lower aquifer; and monitoring the site for five years to ensure
the cleanup has been effective. Champion, under EPA supervision, has completed construction of
the land treatment units and the bioreactor facilities. All contaminated soil has been excavated,
additional monitoring and injection wells have been installed, and treatment of soils and upper
aquifer groundwater has begun. A pilot test to determine the feasibility of bioremediation
treatment of the lower aquifer is complete. Champion will complete additional hydrogeologic
characterization of the lower aquifer and monitor the plume. EPA issued a lower aquifer
determination on September 14, 1993, that selected long-term monitoring and continued use of
institutional controls on the construction of new residential wells.
Site Facts: In 1983, St. Regis and the EPA signed an Administrative Order on Consent for the
company to study contamination at the site. Champion International purchased the St. Regis
Corporation in 1985 and has taken over its obligations to the Order. In 1989, the EPA and
Champion signed a Consent Decree in which Champion agreed to pay the U.S. government for
past and future oversight costs and to complete the cleanup action.
March 1995 2 LIBBY GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION
-------
Environmental Progress
All construction at the site is complete. The provision of an alternate water supply and capping of
the contaminated private wells have eliminated contaminated drinking water sources and the
potential for exposure to hazardous substances at the Libby Ground Water Contamination site
while treatment of the contaminated soils and ground water continue.
LIBBY GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION
March 1995
-------
MILLTOW
SEDIMEN
MONTANA
EPA ID# MTD98071756
8ŁGION 8
County
Mifctawn
Site Description
The Milltown Reservoir Sediments site covers 820 acres in Milltown. In 1906, a hydroelectric
dam was constructed, forming a reservoir that trapped sediments from mining, milling, and
smelting operations in the Upper Clark Fork Valley. During the years since the construction, the
reservoir storage has been almost filled with approximately 120 million cubic feet of sediments.
In 1981, Milltown's four community water supply wells, serving 33 residences, were found to be
contaminated with arsenic and other heavy metals. Residents were advised not to use this water
for drinking or cooking and to use the alternate water supplies that were provided. Approximately
91 people live within l/i mile of the site. The nearest house is 100 meters away. The site is
adjacent to the Milltown Dam, where the Big Blackfoot River joins the Clark Fork River. The
rivers are used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility:
The site is being addressed Federal,
State, and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and sediments are contaminated with arsenic and metals, including
manganese. The Clark Fork River and Milltown Reservoir contain elevated levels of
copper, arsenic, zinc, and cadmium. An alternate water supply has been provided, and
contaminated wells have been taken out of service; therefore, residents have little
chance of exposure to contaminants by drinking the water. People who swim or fish in
the Clark Fork River arm of the reservoir may be exposed to pollutants. Fish kills have
been reported downstream of the dam. Access to the site is unrestricted, and the
potential exists for direct contact with contaminated areas. Montana Power Company,
the dam operator, is required by the Federal Energy Regulating Commission to develop
the reservoir as a recreational area as a condition of relicensing.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four stages: an initial action and three long-term remedial phases
focusing on the water supply, the sediment source control, the Clark Fork River, and the
downstream surface water.
March 1995
-------
Response Action Status
Initial Action: In 1983, volunteers using National Guard equipment supplied
residences with door-to-door water service on a biweekly basis for 3 months.
Water Supply: In 1984, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the Milltown water
supply. The remedy included: constructing a new well from a separate aquifer;
constructing a new distribution system; flushing the plumbing system of each house to
remove contaminants from the water system and plumbing; and testing the water quality to ensure
that standards were met. In 1985, the EPA added a supplemental remedy, which included
replacing household water supply equipment that remained a source of contamination and
continuing sampling of individual residences to ensure the sources of contamination had been
removed. The State completed construction of the new water supply system and the installation of
household water equipment in 1985.
Reservoir Sediment Source Control: The potentially responsible party, under EPA
oversight, is studying the nature and extent of the sediment contamination at the site.
The study is expected to be completed in late 1996. The EPA will select the
groundwater remedy following the completion of the investigation. The EPA also conducted a
separate risk assessment in consultation with an advisory committee, which included
representatives from the public and the potentially responsible parties. The EPA will select the
groundwater remedy following the completion of the investigation.
Clark Fork River: An investigation into the nature and extent of contamination of the
Clark Fork River with respect to the transport of sediment from the reservoir and other
water quality problems is scheduled to begin in 1995.
Downstream Surface Water: In 1989, the EPA completed a study of the effects of
the contamination downstream from the reservoir. Preliminary results show no
environmental damage. However, the sediment investigation described above will
continue to ensure that no threat exists to the human population or the environment.
Site Facts: The EPA and a potentially responsible party signed an Administrative Order on
Consent, under which the party agreed to study the extent of site contamination.
Environmental Progress
The construction of new water supply wells and the replacement of household water supply
equipment have provided a safe drinking water supply to affected residents, reducing the potential
health threats from contaminated groundwater while investigations leading to cleanup of
remaining contamination continue at the Milltown Reservoir Sediments site.
March 1995
MILLTOWN RESERVOIR SEDIMENTS
-------
MONTAN
TREATING
MONTANA
EPA ID# MTD006230635
f PA REGION 8
Silver Bow County
Butte
Site Description
The Montana Pole and Treating site is an abandoned 40-acre wood treatment facility located in
Butte, Montana. From 1946 to 1983, the facility preserved utility poles, posts, and bridge
timbers with pentachlorophenol (PCP). Hazardous substances from the pole-treating operations
were discharged into a ditch adjacent to the plant that ran towards Silver Bow Creek. Five pole
barns containing approximately 10,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil are on site. About
16,000 gallons of PCP-contaminated waste oil have been collected and are stored on site. Tanks,
vats, pipes, and equipment were cut up and stored in the pole barns. There are forty 55-gallon
drums of PCP-contaminated sludges on site. Montana Pole is located in a residential and
industrial area. The nearest residence lies 100 yards from the site; the nearest private well is
located 1/5 mile downgradient from the site.
Site Responsibility:
The site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soils are contaminated with PCPs, dioxins, furans, volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), and metals. The sludge also is contaminated with PCPs,
dioxins and furans. PCP has been detected in Silver Bow Creek. Accidental ingestion
and direct contact with groundwater, surface water, soil, and sludge pose hazards to
human health. Contaminants may enter the air naturally or during cleanup operations,
presenting another potential source of exposure to contaminants.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1995
-------
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In 1988, the EPA completed a cleanup action to halt the
seepage of PCP and diesel oil into Silver Bow Creek. Contaminated soils were
excavated and stored on site. The site was fenced, and monitoring wells and oil
recovery trenches were installed. A temporary groundwater-soil separation treatment system was
put into operation to separate PCP-contaminated oil from the groundwater. The treated water
was pumped upgradient to infiltration galleries. Following the release of 3,000 gallons of
contaminated oil from a holding tank, the EPA conducted a cleanup of oil-contaminated soil in
1991. Approximately 21,000 gallons of contaminated oil have been intercepted and are stored on
site. In July of 1992, EPA re-initiated the removal action. During this action, a gundwall was
installed to prevent penta/fuel from entering Silver Bow Creek. Groundwater recovery wells
were installed to recover free phase penta/fuel from site groundwater. A water treatment plant
was built to treat contaminated groundwater. After treatment, the water discharges to Silver Bow
Creek.
Entire Site: A potentially responsible party has completed an investigation into the
nature and extent of site contamination. In 1993, a remedy was selected which
includes: excavation and bioremediation of the contaminated soils; pumping and
surface treatment, and in-situ bioremediation of contaminated groundwater. Design of the cleanup
remedies is currently underway, and is expected complete in 1996.
Site Facts: In January 1990, Special Notice Letters were sent to three potentially responsible
parties. A Consent Order to conduct an investigation of site contamination was negotiated with
the Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO). An additional Notice Letter was sent to Burlington
Northern Rail in October 1991. EPA sued ARCO for recovery of past removal costs in
September 1991. ARCO sued EPA contractors in October 1991. Litigation is on-going for the
Montana Pole Site.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has taken measures to prevent further contamination of Silver Bow Creek, and
additional actions were taken to remove the immediate sources of soil contamination, to treat
groundwater, and to restrict access to the site. These actions have reduced the potential for
exposure to hazardous substances while final cleanup remedies are being designed for the
Montana Pole and Treating facility.
Site Repository
Montana School of Mines and Technology, Butte, Montana
March 1995 2 MONTANA POLE AND TREATING
-------
MOUAT INDUSTRIES
MONTANA
EPA ID# MTD02
EPA REGION 8
Stillwater County
. Columbus
Site Description
The Mouat Industries site is located in Stillwater County, Montana, south of the City of
Columbus on land leased from the City. Mouat Industries processed chromium ore into high-
grade sodium dichromate at the site from 1957 to 1963. The process produced wastes containing
hexavalent chromium and sodium dichromate. In early 1975, gravel was imported and placed on
the site from a depth of 6 inches to 3 feet. By late 1976, yellow mineral deposits containing
chromium were evident on top of the ground. In 1990, the site was fenced to restrict access.
Soils and groundwater are contaminated with hexavalent chromium. The groundwater plume is
moving slowly toward the Yellowstone River, which is located 1/2 mile south of the site.
Approximately 300 people reside within the vicinity of the site. Private wells, which are not
contaminated or threatened at this time, are found within 1/4 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
The site is being addressed through
Federal and Municipal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater, surface water, soil, and sediment are contaminated with chromium.
Direct contact and accidental ingestion of contaminated soil, groundwater, and
sediments are a potential health risk; however, private wells are not contaminated.
Hay is grown and livestock is raised in the vicinity of the site. Bioaccumulation of
contaminants in livestock and commercial agricultural products increases the potential
of health threats from site contamination.
March 1995
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term action focusing on
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1990, the EPA erected a chain-link fence around the area
of contaminated soils. At the request of the EPA, the city of Columbus redirected an
existing drainage ditch that channeled runoff directly onto contaminated soils at the
site. Monitoring wells that were drilled in the 1970s were capped. In 1991, the EPA directed the
removal and treatment of on-site contaminated soils. Soil treatment was completed in 1994.
Entire Site: The EPA plans to begin an investigation in 1995 to determine the nature
and extent of remaining contamination and identify alternatives for cleanup.
Completion of the investigation is expected in 1996.
Site Facts: In November 1991, EPA issued an Administrative Order to all of the potentially
responsible parties identified by the EPA. The Order directed the parties to perform soil
treatment activities, which were completed in 1994.
Environmental Progress
Early actions to restrict access to the site by erecting a fence, diverting runoff, and treating
contaminated soils have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous substances while the
EPA is evaluating the site to determine if additional actions are warranted to protect public health
and the environment.
March 1995 2 MOUAT INDUSTRIES
-------
SILVER BO
BUTTE AR
MONTANA
EPA ID# MTD98050277
Site Description
EPA REGION 8
/er Bow County
Butte
ler Names:
Fork Site
Butte Site
The Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area site begins above Butte, near the Continental Divide, and
extends westward along Silver Bow Creek and the Clark Fork River to the Milltown Reservoir.
The site covers about 140 miles of stream and riparian habitat. Silver Bow Creek and the Clark
Fork River were used as a conduit for mining, smelting, industrial, and municipal wastes for
over 100 years. Vast mine tailings deposits are found along the creek and river. These deposits
have been dispersed over the entire flood plain and contain elevated levels of metals. The Silver
Bow Creek/Butte Area site is one of four contamination areas, known as the Clark Fork Sites,
that also include the Milltown Reservoir, Anaconda Company Smelter, and Montana Pole &
Treating as separate sites on the National Priorities List.
Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Wind-blown particles, ground water, surface water and soil are contaminated with
arsenic and metals including zinc, copper, iron, cadmium, mercury, and lead. Silver
Bow Creek and the Clark Fork River contain metals from Butte to Milltown. The
tailings dispersed along the creek and river severely limit aquatic life forms and have
caused fish kills in the river. Potential health threats include direct contact and
accidental ingestion of contaminated soil, groundwater, and surface water and
inhalation of contaminated air particles.
March 1995
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in several stages: immediate actions and seven long-term remedial
phases focusing on the West Camp/Travona Shaft Area; Warm Springs Ponds; Butte Priority
Soils; Berkeley Pit; Rocker Timber Framing and Treating; Streamside Tailings; and Lower
Area I.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In Walkerville, Montana, the EPA and potentially responsible
parties excavated and stabilized approximately 300,000 cubic yards of
lead-contaminated soil from mine waste dumps. These actions were completed in
1988. Contaminated soil was removed from four earthen basements and 23 residential yards.
Concrete basements were constructed, and 18 inches of clean fill and sod were placed in the
residential yards. At Timber Butte, approximately 40,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil were
moved to a temporary on-site repository in 1989. Contaminated soil was removed from two
residential yards. Clean soil was placed on the excavated areas and revegetated. ARCO
removed highly contaminated materials in the Rocker Timber Framing and Treating area, under
State supervision. Arsenic wood treating wastes and contaminated soils and wood chips were
hauled to a licensed hazardous waste disposal facility. Equipment and debris were consolidated on
the site and buried. Major areas of the site were covered with topsoil and seeded. In 1990,
approximately 100,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil were removed from 14 waste dumps, a
railroad bed, and seven residential yards in Butte and Walkerville. In 1991, contamination from
an additional 11 waste dump areas was either removed or partially removed and capped hi place.
In December of 1991, a removal action began at the Colorado Smelter site. Elevated levels of
arsenic and lead were detected in on-site soils. Under a Unilateral Order, the potentially
responsible parties conducted the removal activities. Approximately 40,000 cubic yards were
moved to a temporary on-site disposal area. The disposal area was capped and fenced. In 1992,
a removal was conducted at the Anselmo Mine Yard/Late Acquisition-Silver Hill areas of Butte.
Elevated levels of arsenic and lead were detected in on-site soils. Under a Unilateral Order, the
potentially responsible parties removed the contaminated soils.
West Camp/Travona Shaft Area: In 1989, under EPA oversight, the potentially
responsible parties addressed rising mine waters hi the West Camp/Travona Shaft area
by constructing a pumping and piping system to the sewer line on Iron Street.
Approximately 200 gallons per minute of mine water have been pumped to the Metro Plant since
January 1990. Pumping continues on an intermittent basis, as necessary, to keep the water levels
under control. The final remedy to address mine flooding was released hi September 1994 and
calls for continuation of the pump and piping system and construction of a treatment plant if the
Metro Plant cannot handle the flow hi the future.
March 1995 2 SILVER BOW CREEK/ BUTTE AREA
-------
Warm Springs Ponds: The three Warm Springs Ponds cover 2,500 acres at the
confluence of Silver Bow, Mill, Willow, and Warm Springs creeks. The ponds were
constructed by the Anaconda Company between 1908 and 1959 in an attempt to trap
tailings before entering the Clark Fork River, which begins immediately below the ponds. An
investigation of the ponds was completed in 1989. Public comments were extensive and led, in
1990, to a decision to expedite certain cleanup plans in a portion of the area, the Mill-Willow
Bypass. The bypass contained approximately 400,000 cubic yards of tailings and contaminated
soils that were a principal cause of fish kills. In 1990 and 1991, the tailings and contaminated
soils were excavated, consolidated, and capped in the dry portion of Pond 3. The ponds contain
19 million cubic yards of tailings and contaminated soils. The selected remedy for the active
area (Ponds 2 and 3) includes removing all of the Mill-Willow Bypass tailings; raising and
reinforcing all pond berms; and upgrading treatment capabilities; wet-closing Pond 2; and
enlarging Pond 3 to handle a 100-year flood. In June 1992, a remedy was chosen by the EPA
that consists of a combination of wet-closure and chemical fixation of submerged tailings,
extensive capping of mostly dry tailings, and groundwater interception. Construction of the
cleanup remedies is nearly complete. By mid-1997, both the active and inactive area remedies
are scheduled to be completed.
Butte Priority Soils: The Butte area has been divided into 36 high priority soil areas
that will be dealt with in two phases. Phase I, an expedited response action (ERA),
will address source areas (mine waste dumps, railroad beds, or other related mines
wastes) in or adjacent to the 36 high priority soil areas and receptor areas (residential yards,
gardens, parks, and playgrounds). The lead abatement program will address the removal or in-
place stabilization of approximately 5 1/2 million cubic yards of contaminated mine waste, and an
unknown number of residential yards throughout the cleanup. Phase II is an investigation that
will assess the effectiveness of the actions already taken at all the other areas of contamination, as
well as storm runoff and future land use problems in Butte and Walkerville, to determine if
additional actions need to be taken.
Berkeley Pit: The EPA and the State are concerned about the rising water in the pit
because contaminated mine water may eventually migrate into the shallow aquifer and
Silver Bow Creek. The investigation for the Berkeley Pit area has been completed,
and a remedy was selected in late 1994 that calls for permanent control of the 2 1/2 million
gallons per day of inflow into the Pit; maintenance of the water level in the Pit system below the
5410-foot elevation; continued control of the West Camp System; implementation of a
compliance monitoring program; and implementation of institutional controls to restrict access to
contaminated bedrock aquifer waters, as well as increased monitoring and public education
efforts.
Rocker Timber Framing and Treating: In 1991, the EPA and ARCO reached
agreement for the company to perform an investigation, with EPA oversight, at the
Rocker Timber Framing and Treating Plant area. The investigation activities began in
August 1991. The remedy is scheduled to be chosen in 1995.
SILVER BOW CREEK/ BUTTE AREA 3 March 1995
-------
Streamside Tailings: In 1991, the State of Montana and ARCO reached agreement
for the company to perform an investigation with State oversight, at the Streamside
Tailings area. Two large-scale demonstration projects were conducted during the
winter and spring of 1992 and 1993. The remedy is scheduled to be selected in 1995, with
engineering designs to quickly follow.
Lower Area I: The EPA is conducting an ERA at Lower Area I. Removal of the
manganese stock piles (approximately 245,000 tons) occurred in the summer and fall
of 1992. The removal of the mine tailings (Colorado and Butte Reduction) began in
the spring of 1993 and will continue for 3 to 5 years. An estimated 1 1/2 million cubic yards of
tailings will eventually be removed to a repository. A groundwater collection and treatment
system will be installed as the final step in this action. The tailings are being transported to the
tailings ponds of the Anaconda Smelter site. These cleanup activities are scheduled for
completion in early 1997.
Site Facts: Several potentially responsible parties signed an Administrative Order on Consent to
conduct a portion of the work for the Berkeley Pit flooding; the remaining parties were issued a
Unilateral Order to perform the remaining tasks. The State issued a Unilateral Order, requiring
ARCO to remove highly contaminated materials in the Rocker Timber Framing and Treating
area. In 1989, the EPA issued an Administrative Order on Consent to the potentially responsible
parties to either discharge the West Camp water to the Butte Metro Plant, meeting all
pre-treatment requirements, or to construct a treatment facility, meeting classification discharge
requirements for toxic metals and drinking water standards for arsenic.
Environmental Progress
Numerous cleanup actions have been completed at the Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area site
including: the excavation of contaminated soil hi Walkerville, Timber Butte, 25 other waste rock
dumps in residential neighborhoods; and smelter sites and mill sites in the Butte area; the
construction and implementation of a pumping and piping system in the West Camp/Travona
Shaft area; and the removal of contaminated soil in the Rocker Timber Framing and Treating
area. These actions have reduced the potential health threats to the surrounding communities;
however, the EPA has determined that high concentrations of metal in soils and drainage from
the mine waste dumps still pose risks to human health and the environment that will be addressed
in future cleanup actions.
March 1995 4 SILVER BOW CREEK/ BUTTE AREA
------- |