600880042E
TREATABILITY MANUAL
VOLUME V. Summary
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Washington, D.C.
February 1980
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PREFACE
In January, 1979, EPA's Office of Enforcement and Office of
Water and Waste Management requested help from the Office of
Research and Development in compiling wastwater treatment per-
formance data into a "Treatability Manual". This Manual was to
be used in developing NPDES permit limitations for facilities
which, at the time of permit issuance, were not fully covered
by promulgated, industry-specific effluent guidelines authorized
under Sections 301, 304, 306, 307, and 501 of the CWA.
A planning group was set up to manage the treatability program
under the chairmanship of William Cawley, Deputy Director, '
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory - Cincinnati. The
group includes participants from: 1) the Industrial Environmen-
tal Research Laboratory - Cincinnati, 2) Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Waste Management; 3) Permits
Division, Office of Enforcement; 4) Municipal Environmental
Research Laboratory - Cincinnati; 5) R. S. Kerr, Environmental
Research Lab.oratory - Ada; 6) Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory - Research Triangle Park; 7) Monsanto Research Corpo-
ration; and 8) Aerospace Corporation.
The objectives of the treatability program are:
To provide readily accessible data and information on
treatability of industrial and municipal waste streams
for use by NPDES permit writers, enforcement personnel,
and by industrial or municipal permit holders;
To provide a basis for research planning by identifying
gaps in knowledge of the treatability of certain pollut-
ants and wastestreams;
To set up a system allowing rapid response to program
office requirements for generation of treatability data.
The primary output from this program is a five-volume Treat-
ability Manual. The individual volumes are named as follows:
Volume I
Volume II
Volume III
Volume IV
Volume V
Treatability Data
Industrial Descriptions
Technologies
Cost Estimating
Summary
11
:r
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CONTENTS
Figures iv
Tables v
Acknowledgment vi
V.I Introduction
V.I.I Objectives V.l-1
V.I. 2 Data Sources V.l-2
V.I. 3 Guide to Volume V V.l-2
V.2 Executive Summaries of Volumes I Through IV V.2-1
V.2.1 Volume I - Treatability Data V.2-1
V.2.2 Volume II - Industrial Descriptions V.2-2
V.2.3 Volume III - Technologies for Control/Removal
of Pollutants V.2-2
V.2.4 Volume IV - Cost Estimating V.2-3
V.3 Guidance for Use V.3-1
V.3.1 General Information V.3-1
V.3.2 Stepwise Approach for Using This Manual. . . . V.3-4
V.4 Indicators V.4-1
V.5 References V.5-1
V.6 Bibliography V.6-1
A. References Used in Volumes I-IV V.6-1
B. References Examined But Not Used V. 6-17
Appendices
A. Number of Source/Treatment Technology Data Sets. . . V.A-1
B. Median Observed Effluent Concentrations V.B-1
C. Median Removal Efficiencies V.C-1
D. Pollutant Treatability Index V.D-1
E. Regression Analysis V.E-1
Glossary V.G-1
Date: 2/4/80 iii
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FIGURES
Number
Treatment technology overview.
Page
V.2-4
TABLES
Number
V-l
A-l
B-l
C-l
D-l
E-l
Page
Typical Candidate Indicators V.4-7
Number of Source/Treatment Technology Data Sets. . V.A-2
Median Observed Effluent Concentrations V.B-2
Median Removal Efficiencies V.C-2
Pollutant Treatability Index V.D-2
Regression Analysis V.E-2
Date: 2/4/80
IV
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The sheer size and comprehensiveness of this document should make
it obvious that this had to be the effort of a large number of people.
It is the collection of contributions from throughout the Environmental
Protection Agency, particularly from the Office of Enforcement, Office
of Water and Hazardous Materials and the Office of Research and Develop-
ment. Equally important to its success were the efforts of the employees
of the Aerospace Corporation and the Monsanto Research Corporation who
participated in this operation.
No list of the names of everyone who took part in the effort would
in any way adequately acknowledge the effort which those involved in
preparing this Manual made toward its development. Equally difficult
would be an attempt to name the people who have made the most significant
contributions both because there have been too many and because it would
be impossible to adequately define the term "significant." This document
exists because of major contributions by the contractor's staff and by
members of the following:
Effluent Guidelines Division
Office of Water and Waste Management
Permits Division
Office of Water Enforcement
National Enforcement Investigation Center
Office of Enforcement
Center for Environmental Research Information
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH
Office of Research and Development
The purpose of this acknowledgement is to express my thanks as
Committee Chairman and the thanks of the Agency to the Committee Members
and others who contributed to the success of this >$fort.
William A. Cawley, Deputy Director, irfRL-Ci
Chairman, Treatability Coordination Cbmmittee
2/4/80
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SECTION V.I
INTRODUCTION
The Treatability Manual presents in five volumes an extensive
survey of the effectiveness of various water pollution treatment
processes when applied to particular industrial effluents. This
volume summarizes volumes one through four and outlines their
potential utility to National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permit writers.
V.I.I OBJECTIVES
The Treatability Manual is intended for use by NPDES permit
writers, along with other information, to:
Evaluate the potential effectiveness and costs of proposed
effluent treatment systems,
Determine the potential cost and feasibility of compliance
with discharge limitations under consideration, and
Develop the wastewater pollution control and monitoring
requirements to be employed at specific sites.
This Manual is not intended to:
Specify the final effluent concentrations to be required
for industrial processes,
Address "in process" controls,
Describe wastewater recycling or reuse systems (although
their existence is mentioned in Volume II, when such in-
formation was provided in the literature),
Contain an exhaustive study of pollution removal efficien-
cies or the reliability and applicability of control
equipment,
Define methods or costs for the disposal of by-products
of water pollution control, such as solid waste or air
pollution, or
Characterize the suitability of wastewater pollution
control equipment and auxiliary processes for meeting
air pollution regulations and RCRA regulations.
Date: 2/4/80 V.1-1
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Nevertheless, this Manual does provide background information on
some of these issues for consideration by a permit writer. This,
along with other data, may be useful when calculating "best engi-
neering judgment" limits for second-round permits which reflect
Best Available Technology for toxic pollutants.
V.I.2 DATA SOURCES
Part A of the bibliography in this volume includes all references
used in Volumes I through IV of the Manual. All of these refer-
ences are available in a central file located at:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
First Floor Library
26 West St. Clair Street
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
To avoid potentially repetitious literature searches, all other
sources examined during this study not containing information
considered relevant to this effort are listed in Part B of the
bibliography.
V.I.3 GUIDE TO VOLUME V
Subsequent sections of this document are organized as follows:
Section 2 (Executive Summaries of Volumes I through IV).
Summarizes the contents of Volumes I through IV.
Section 3 (Guidance for Use) provides advice on how the
information provided may be used during the NPDES permit
writing process.
Section 4 (Indicators) covers the concept of indicator
pollutants and contains a table showing some of the
common substances that are efficiently removed by various
treatment techniques when operated properly.
The Bibliography shows all references studied during
preparation of Volumes I through IV. Part A covers all
references used, and Part B covers references examined
but not used.
Appendix A (Number of Source/Treatment Technology Data
Sets) shows the number of effluent test data sets avail-
able for various combinations of industrial processes
and control technologies.
Appendix B (Median Observed Effluent Concentrations)
shows the median observed effluent concentration for
various pollutants, segregated by control technology.
Appendix C (Median Removal Efficiencies) shows the median
observed removal efficiency of different control technol-
ogies for various pollutants.
Date: 2/4/80 V.l-2
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Appendix D (Pollutant Treatability Index) covers the lowest
observed effluent concentration and the highest observed
removal efficiency for various pollutants and control
technologies, with references to sources of more detailed
information in Volume III.
Appendix E (Regression Analysis) shows the results of a
regression analysis of the relationship between toxic pol-
lutant and conventional pollutant concentrations.
The Glossary defines those abbreviations and terms used
in all five volumes of the Manual that might not be readily
known.
Date: 2/4/80 V.l-3
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SECTION V.2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES OF VOLUMES I THROUGH IV
V.2.1 VOLUME I - TREATABILITY DATA
Volume I is a compendium of treatability data for specific
pollutants. Information is provided on the compounds listed
in the Draft Consolidated Permit Application Form 2C (NPDES)
Section V, Part B (44 FR 34361, 6/14/79) [3] and the compounds
listed in Table 1, 44 FR 50781, August 29, 1979. The pollutants
covered were organized into the following chemical categories:
Metals and inorganics
Ethers
Phthalates
Nitrogen compounds
Phenols
Aromatics
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
PCB's and related compounds
Halogenated hydrocarbons
Pesticides
Oxygenated compounds
Miscellaneous
The following information is provided for each pollutant:
Alternate names of the chemical;
Chemical Abstracts Number;
Physical, chemical, and biological properties, including
molecular weight, melting point, boiling point, vapor
pressure, solubility in water at 20°C, log octanol/water
partition coefficient (relevant to bioaccumulation),
Henry's Law constant (reflecting ease of "stripping"),
and biodegradability data;
Probable fate of the compound in the aqueous environ-
ment. Removal processes considered include photolysis,
oxidation, hydrolysis, volatilization, sorption and
biological processes;
Data on the effectiveness of activated carbon to control
the material;
V.2-1
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Industrial occurrence of the material. Minimum, maximum,
and mean concentrations are reported for both untreated
and treated wastewater for each industry in which the
substance has been detected; and
Average and maximum removal efficiencies and average ef-
fluent concentrations for specific control technologies.
V.2.2 VOLUME II - INDUSTRIAL DESCRIPTIONS
Volume II contains a general description of each of the "primary
industries" named in the "NRDC Consent Agreement" (NRDC vs
Russell E. Train, 8ERC 2120 [D.D.C. 1976] amended on March 1979)
and their major subcategories. It also includes:
Subcategory-wide or industry-wide tables covering,
- the number of dischargers,
- the types of pollution control systems in use,
- the range of effluent flow rates and pollutant
concentrations in controlled and uncontrolled
waste streams, and
- the efficiency of control systems, when available;
Summary tables on BPT effluent guidelines and the
status of BAT guidelines, New Source Performance
Standards, and Pretreatment standards; and
Tabulated information on individual plants specify-
ing industrial subcategory, control systems (in-
cluding operating characteristics when available),
effluent concentrations, and influent concentrations
when available.
If recycling, reuse, or subsurface injection of wastewater is
practiced at a plant, this is noted in the plant-specific
table; but no details are included.
V.2.3 VOLUME III - TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTROL/REMOVAL
OF POLLUTANTS
Volume III summarizes information on the nature and effective-
ness of various pollution control technologies. It describes
the nature of the generic type of control equipment, the major
variations of design, and information on the following:
Design criteria for the process;
Typical performance of the process;
Applications and limitations of the process;
Reliability of the process;
Chemicals required to operate the process; and
Environmental impacts of the process.
Date: 2/4/80 V.2-2
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A summary table for each technology is also provided showing
the concentrations of the various pollutants in the effluents;
the minimum, maximum, median, and mean removal efficiencies;
and the number of data points used to generate this information.
Data sheets summarizing the results of tests at specific instal-
lations are also included.
Pollution control systems have been classified as:
Primary - designed to remove suspended solids and
colloidal materials;
Secondary - designed to remove dissolved organics; and
Tertiary - designed to remove residual organics and dis-
solved inorganics.
Although exceptions exist, tertiary treatment systems usually
operate more reliably and economically on wastewater effluent
streams that have received secondary treatment. Secondary treat-
ment systems usually work best on wastewater effluent streams
that have received primary treatment.
Figure V.I summarizes the wastewater treatment options available
for pollution control. Treatment options for sludges and liquid
by-products of water pollution control are shown at the bottom.
V.2.4 VOLUME IV - COST ESTIMATING
Volume IV provides information on typical costs of pollution
control systems. Purchase cost, capital investment, and annual
operating costs are provided separately for each technology, as
a function of the plant size.
Costs, presented in dollars, generally do not include the cost
of the land needed for the plant or the costs of special mate-
rials for corrosive service. Such additional expenses must be
considered on a case-by-case basis. Costs for the disposal of
by-products from water pollution control (air pollution emis-
sions, solid sludge disposal, etc.) also are not included.
Costs are included for the following;
Equipment purchase and installation;
Total capital cost;
Total direct operating cost, including materials,
chemicals, power, fuel and labor; and
Total annual operating cost, including total direct
operating cost and total indirect operating cost
(plant overhead, taxes, insurance, administrative
expenses, depreciation, and interest on working
capital).
Date: 2/4/80 V.2-3
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WASTEWATER CONDITIONING
(PRELIMINARY TREATMENT!
PRIMARY TREATMENT
I SCREENING I
ICS1T REMOVAL I
I
| FLOW EQUALIZATION]
[NEUTRALIZATION!
SECONDARY TREATMENT I
AVITY OIL SEPARATION!
ISEDIMENTATIONI
SEDIMENTA
CHEMICAL
t
TION WITH
ADDITION us
LAG
ICAS FLOlAllUNI
GAS ROTATION WITH
CHEMICAL ADDITION
.
1 FILTRATION 1
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ICTIVATED SLUDGE
( TRICKLING FILTER
lLAGOONSi
ATED 1 AEROBIC
»N5 1 LAGOONS
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CONTACTORS
[STEAM s
RIPPING!
FACULTATIVE] ANAEROBIC EFFLUENT POLISHING
LAGOONS 1 LAGOONS LAGOONS
- 1 [SOLVENT EXTRACTION)
TERTIARY TREATMENT
GRANULAR »CTIVAFID
CARBON ADSORPTION
POWDERED ACTIVATED]
CARBON ADSORPTION!
[CHEMICAL OXIDAT10NI
-
IAIR STRIPPING!
[NITRIFICATION!
IDENTIFICATION!
DON EXCTWicTI
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[REVERSE OSMOSIS!
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IDECHLOR
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I CENTRIFUGAL THICKENING"
I AEROBIC DlGESTiONl
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lANEROBIC fllCESTIONl
I CHEMICAL CONDITIONING"
[THERMAL CONDITIONING
I IHtAT TREATMENT!
[DISINFECTION IHEAT71
I VACUUM F LTRATION]
I FILTER PRESS
RLT FILTER IEWATERINGI
DEWATERING 1
[CENTRIFUGAL OEWATER1NC I
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[THERMAL DRYING I
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DISPOSAL
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ILAND APFT.ICATIONI
I DEEP WELL INJECTION!
SUBOASSIFICATIONS FOR PERFORMANCE DATA SUMMARY PURPOSES
ARE BASED ON THE TYPES OF COAGULANTS OR SETTLING AIDS USED.
Figure V.I. Treatment technology overview.
V.2-4
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SECTION V.3
GUIDANCE FOR USE
V.3.1 GENERAL INFORMATION
This Manual is intended to provide background information for
consideration during the permit-writing process, but it is not
intended to be the sole source of data. When making decisions,
permit writers should use all of the information at their dis-
posal, including historical information on the individual facil-
ity, their detailed knowledge of many such facilities, and their
engineering judgment. This section indicates some of the ways
that this Manual may be used in combination with such other
information.
If the initial review of a permit application suggests that only
a few problem pollutants are present, the permit writer may con-
sult Volume I and Volume V to help identify candidate control
technologies.
A general review of the processes used at the facility and the
effluent levels observed at similar facilities may also be use-
ful during the initial permit application review. Volume II
describes selected industrial processes, the major types of
pollution control systems in use within the United States for
these processes, and the results of effluent testing. Other
sources of information include:
The first-round permit for the source (if any) and
associated files;
Applicable Development Documents;
Attainable limitations for similar sources;
EPA guidance for best available technology economically
achievable (BATEA), best conventional pollutant control
technology (BCT), best practical control technology
currently available (BPTCA), and best management
practices (BMP);
Visits to the site or to similar installations;
Results of ambient and effluent water monitoring; and
Additional information supplied by the permit applicant.
Date: 2/4/80 V.3-1
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In the absence of applicable BATEA guidelines or new source per-
formance standards covering the industrial subcategory, the per-
mit writer may issue a "short-term" permit for a previously
permitted facility which is effective for only 18 months past
the date of promulgation of BATEA guidelines. (The "Second-Round
Permits Policy" guidance dated July 20, 1978 [3] should be con-
sulted for details.)
Where a "short-term" permit is about to expire and BATEA guide-
lines, Standards of Performance for New Sources (NSPS) , or
Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources (PSES) are still
not promulgated, the permit writer may be called upon to deter-
mine appropriate limits for toxic pollutants or nonconventional
pollutants on a case-by-case basis. This Manual is intended
to be a systematized source of all data presently available so
that the permit writer will not have to do a complete literature
search himself while considering each case-by-case or best engi-
neering judgment (BEJ) permit. The permit writer still may have
to review literature published after the time interval covered
by this Manual, but this should be a much smaller task.
Hundreds of combinations of control technologies may be possible
for discharges from a complex facility that cannot be recycled
or reused. Although the treatment processes already installed
at a plant may reduce the number of plausible combinations, a
"process of elimination" to reduce the number of systems given
detailed consideration may be desirable. Volume II can be con-
sulted to determine which of the pollution control systems on
similar or related processes have been demonstrated to give
the desired concentrations or control efficiencies, and which
systems have shown inadequate performance.
For each industrial process studied, Volume II contains tables
showing the control technologies in use on full-scale installa-
tions within the United States, whether or not quantitative
effluent data are available. To supplement those tables,
Appendix A in this volume shows those combinations of indus-
trial processes and control technologies for which quantitative
effluent data are available. There are four columns per
combination:
The first column shows the number of data sets contain-
ing influent and effluent data for full-scale commercial
plants.
The second column shows the number of data sets contain-
ing influent and effluent data for pilot plants.
The third column shows the number of data sets contain-
ing influent and effluent data for bench-scale plants.
Date: 2/4/80 V.3-2
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The fourth column shows the number of data sets for
plants of any kind for which only effluent concentrations
data were available. Control efficiency data are not
included because no data were available on influents
into the control system.
For example, there are four data sets containing both influent
and effluent data for full-scale activated sludge pollution
control systems in the timber products processing industry.
The information in Volume III on the applicability and reliabil-
ity of different control technologies may also be useful for
narrowing the range of potentially applicable pollution control
systems. Appendix B summarizes the median observed effluent
concentrations for primary, secondary, and tertiary control
technologies, respectively. Median removal efficiencies for
each control technology are shown in Appendix C. The pollutants
are listed in same order as they appear in Form 2c-NPDES from
the Draft Consolidated Permit Application Form (44 FR 34346,
June 14, 1979) [3].
Users should be cautious about applying these values to specific
installations without supplementary information because the qual-
ity of treated effluents may vary for different industrial proc-
esses. It is also important to note that data were not reported
for all pollutants in all effluent tests. Therefore, the set of
individual plant test results processed to determine median per-
formance for one pollutant is usually not the same as that for a
different pollutants. The number of data points used to generate
the medians for an individual pollutant may be determined from
the summary tables in Volume III or Appendix D of this volume. A
pollution control system with the tabulated median performance
for one pollutant may or may not deliver the tabulated median
performance for another pollutant. The individual data sheets in
Volume III should be consulted to determine how well a system
has been demonstrated to perform for several pollutants at once.
Appendix D, the Pollutant Treatability Index, provides a summary
of the highest observed removal efficiency and the lowest ob-
served effluent concentration for various pollutants (when a
measurable influent concentration exists) as a function of the
technology used to control the discharge. Cross references to
Volume III are also provided. Details given in the references
should indicate whether the tests summarized were performed on
effluents similar to the effluent being studied.
The possibility of a novel combination of control equipment con-
stituting the most effective pollution control technology for
an industrial process cannot be eliminated a priori. If a novel
combination of control technologies appears necessary for ade-
quate control of an effluent, pilot-scale tests of effluent
Date: 2/4/80 V.3-3
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treatability should be considered, even though some insights
might be gained from consulting Volume III for the individual
treatment processes.
Volume IV provides information on the capital costs, purchase
and installation costs, and annual operating cost of various
control technologies. The accuracy of these cost figures is
not expected to be better than ±30%. If the effluent character-
istics or treatment technology design or operating parameters
deviate widely from those stated, costs may be quite different.
The cost of land, special equipment for corrosive service,
and control of air pollution and pollution from solid waste
disposal are not included.
V.3.2 STEPWISE APPROACH FOR USING THIS MANUAL
The steps listed below may be followed in using the Manual and
the information in revised permit applications to write §402(a)
(1) second-round permits. This sequence is intended only as
an example because many circumstances may arise during the
preparation of a given permit which justify the deletion of
certain steps or the addition of others.
Step 1. Complete preapplication communications or hold confer-
ences with permittee.
Step 2. Review first-round permit to determine the parameters
limited and BPT levels.
Step 3. Review the permittee's compliance with first-round
permit to detect obvious deficiencies.
Step 4. Conduct a preliminary review of the application for
completeness and obvious inconsistencies. Notify the
prospective permittee immediately if further informa-
tion or clarification is needed.
Step 5. Consult Volume II of this Manual and the applicable
Development Document for a description of the industry,
its wastes, and treatment technology.
Step 6. Identify any applicable promulgated effluent guidelines,
pretreatment standards, or water quality standards as
of the current date.
Step 7. Review wastewater pollutants reported in the applica-
tion to determine:
a. which toxic pollutants are present and whether
there are groups of toxic pollutants (chemical
classes or treatability classes); and
b. traditional parameters present.
Step 8. Consider BMP approaches to toxic pollutant reduction
on particular processes, if appropriate.
Date: 2/4/80 V.3-4
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Step 9. Consider requests for exclusion of specific hazardous
substances from Section 311 coverage and review
Volumes I and III for applicable treatment.
Step 10. Refer to this volume (Section V.4 and Appendix E) to
determine the potential "indicator" pollutant param-
eters for the toxic pollutants found, and the approxi-
mate correlation with concentrations. Where possible,
determine the optimum overlap in coverage of a number
of toxic pollutants by as few indicators as possible.
Step 11. Refer to Volume III to determine the treatment technol-
ogy options capable of reducing indicator parameters
to levels that reasonably assure adequate toxic pollut-
ant reduction. Review of Volume II should provide
indications of "significant" parameters from the
Effluent Guidelines Division (EGD) perspective in
planning BAT. If resource or time constraints
require a choice among controlled parameters, the
permit writer may choose to focus on coverage of
those.
Step 12. If the production volume has changed or the facility
been modified, recalculate BPT (including BCT, Water
Quality Standards (WQS), and 402(a)(1) considerations).
Step 13. Summarizing, choose the most suitable treatment
processes, taking into consideration:
a. Attainment of desired toxic pollutant level;
b. Ability to monitor the operation of the
system using indicator substances or other
operating parameters;
c. Process reliability and operator skill
requirements;
d. Recovery of products;
e. Reuse and recycling of water;
f. Overall process simplicity;
g. Process options consistent with or in addition
to those already in place;
h. Prospect of meeting future limits based on BAT
guidelines;
i. Cost (in a general way) including:
(1) a comparison of processes capable of
achieving acceptable controls; and
(2) cost/benefit on levels of reduction
below minimum acceptable reduction.
Step 14. Refer to Volume III and this volume for levels of
"indicator" parameters that are attainable by the
installation of the specific combination of treatment
processes chosen, if they are properly designed, sized,
operated, and maintained.
Date: 2/4/80 V.3-5
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Step 15. Calculate the interim and final permit limits.
Step 16. Determine any special requirements, e.g., pilot-plant
treatability studies or additional monitoring.
Step 17. Determine a compliance schedule leading to BAT by
7/1/84, where appropriate.
Step 18. Complete a "fact sheet" summarizing the considerations
that served as a basis for writing the permit, includ-
ing a listing of "indicator" pollutants limited and
toxic pollutants "covered" by each (as noted in
column 3, p. 34398 of 44 Federal Register, June 14,
1979) [2].
Step 19. Complete the draft permit and issue a public notice.
Date: 2/4/80 V.3-6
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SECTION V.4
INDICATORS
On June 14, 1979, the EPA proposed a "new permitting strategy"
(44 Federal Register, June 14, 1979, pp. 34346 to 34396) which
involved, among other new concepts, the use of limits on
"indicator" pollutants to control toxic pollutants [2].
Comments were solicited from the general public on the
proposed rule-making package. Comments received on or before
September 12, 1979 will be considered by the EPA when prepar-
ing the final regulations. In the interval between the close
of the public comment period and promulgation of the final rule,
EPA personnel are prohibited from discussing developments that
may have occurred since the close of the public comment period
(Home Box Office v. FCC, 567 F2d 9 [D.D. Cir. 1977]).
As a consequence of the judgment cited, and because the June 14,
1979 proposal [2] stated the concept of indicators very clearly,
excerpts from the proposed regulations are quoted below.
(Excerpt from 44 Federal Register 34397-99, June 14, 1979)
[2]
C. The Use of Limits on Indicators to Control Toxic
Pollutants
As in the past, permit writers may set limits on each pol-
lutant which is discharged at significant levels. However,
a new permitting strategy is required to reduce discharges
of many of the organic toxic pollutants to BAT levels. The
problem of setting specific permit limits upon specific
organic pollutants is twofold:
1. Permit writers and industrial dischargers have not
focused upon organic pollutants to any great extent in
the past. The Agency has begun to develop treatability
studies for all the organic toxic pollutants. These
treatability studies will demonstrate which control equip-
ment is effective in removing organic toxic pollutants.
The Agency anticipates that the permit writer and the dis-
charger will usually agree based upon these studies and
other available information, that a certain piece or
combination of treatment equipment will achieve BAT con-
trol for the toxic pollutants in the discharge. However,
Date: 2/4/80 V.4-1
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the lack of a historical data base will often preclude
agreements upon precise numbers representing the levels of
the toxic pollutants in effluents leaving the treatment
equipment. This may result in protracted disputes over
numerical limitations despite a general agreement upon
appropriate technologies, and could cause serious delay
in implementing the CWA's requirements.
2. Sampling and analysis for organic pollutants is much
more expensive than it has been for pollutants tradition-
ally regulated by the NPDES program. If organic pollutants
are limited in the permit, the cost of periodic compliance
monitoring can be very high and possibly unaffordable in
some cases (see the detailed discussions of analytical
methods and associated costs below in sections V-C and
VII-A).
The Agency encourages the direct limitation of specific
toxic pollutants wherever feasible, such as where only a
few toxics are present in the waste stream and where
sufficient data exists to allow agreement between the
permit writer and applicant on achievable levels. In
addition, direct limitation of a toxic pollutant will
be necessary where the discharge of the pollutant is
significant.
However, as described above, the Agency believes that it
may not always be feasible to directly limit each toxic
which is present in a waste stream. As a result, the
Agency has developed an alternative approach to directly
limiting toxic pollutants. This alternative approach
centers upon setting limitations on certain more commonly
regulated parameters which can be relatively easily
agreed upon and which will not result in greatly increased
compliance monitoring costs. This approach has been
applied to a certain degree in the past (e.g., certain
BPT guidelines which limit certain metals insure the
installation of technology which also removes other
metals). In developing new toxics-oriented BAT guide-
lines, this approach will be used even more than in the
past. Similarly, permit writers may use this approach
in setting case-by-case permit limits under section
402(a) (1).
The Agency uses the term "indicator" to denote a parameter
which is limited in a permit based on treatment for removal
of toxic pollutants, in lieu of specific limits on each
toxic pollutant. Thus, once the appropriate BAT technology
for reducing toxic pollutants has been identified, limits
on properly selected indicators can be used to require
permittees to attain the same degree of control over toxic
pollutants as specific limits on toxic pollutants would
require.
Date: 2/4/80 V.4-2
-------
Indicators will generally be parameters or specific pollut-
ants which are generally familiar. Some of the pollutant
parameters which may be used as indicators are: Total sus-
pended solids (TSS), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)»
chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOO/
total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus, cyanide,
certain metals, and ammonia. Most of these have been
frequently limited in permits in the past. Further, most
of them may be analyzed by methods which cost substantially
less than the methods used to measure many specific pollut-
ants (especially organic toxic pollutants).
However, the Agency recognizes that the use of indicators
is not appropriate in all cases. In some situations, EPA
may not be able to identify an indicator. For example,
current information indicates that chloroform is best
treated by steam or air stripping. If a waste stream con-
tains no pollutants in significant quantities except for
chloroform and several metals, it may not be possible to
require chloroform control by the use of any indicator.
In that case, it will be necessary to specify a limitation
for chloroform.
Another situation where specific limitations on toxics are
required is where any combination of indicator limits could
also be met by installation of an alternate treatment
technology which would not sufficiently treat the toxic
pollutants. If appropriate limits on indicator pollutants
would allow the installation of controls which will not
remove toxic pollutants, then the toxic pollutant must be
controlled directly, or other indicator pollutants must be
selected.
One potential problem associated with the indicator ap-
proach is that a plant may change its process in a manner
which reduces or eliminates the indicator without affect-
ing the indicated toxics. This would allow toxic dis-
charges to take place without being detected by monitoring
the indicator.
Another deficiency of indicators is their relative lack of
sensitivity to short-term fluctuations of specific toxic
pollutants. This means that if many organic constituents
of a waste stream are discharged at unusually low levels, a
particular organic toxic pollutant could be discharged at
an unusually high level without causing a violation of an
indicator limit. However, the Agency believes that the
risk of an unacceptably high discharge of a particular
toxic pollutant is not great so long as proper treatment
equipment is installed and is operated and maintained
properly. in addition, application-based limits under
proposed §122.68(a) (2) remain as a basis of liability for
Date: 2/4/80 V.4-3
-------
significantly increased discharges of any individual pollut-
ant. This provision may be supported by permit requirements
of occasional monitoring for all or some organic toxics or
of additional monitoring when indicator limits are violated.
Furthermore, permits may require biomonitoring tests to pro-
vide additional safeguards against toxicity (see discussion
below on monitoring in section VI).
As noted above, however, the use of indicators is not a
required part of EPA's strategy for regulating toxic pol-
lutants, but rather an additional mechanism to allow more
rapid agreement on BAT controls and appropriate permit
limits. This mechanism has the added benefit of minimizing
compliance monitoring costs. Permit writers may still
apply direct limits on toxic pollutants as the circumstances
warrant, and are encouraged to do so whenever technically
and economically feasible.
D. Proposed §125.3(g)rRequirement That Indicators Used to
Control Toxics Be Limited to BAT Levels
The indicator strategy relies on the principle that limits
on indicator parameters will insure the installation and
operation of BAT-level equipment to achieve BAT-level
reduction of organic toxic pollutants. For the strategy
to work BAT limits must be set for indicators which are
used to indirectly control toxic pollutants. This principle
has also been expressed in prior Agency documents, including
the Federal Register notice listing conventional pollutants
[43 FR 32858 (July 28, 1978) and EPA's Policy and Guidance
for Issuing the Second Round of NPDES Permits to Industrial
Discharges (July, 1978)]. Proposed §125.3(g) establishes
this principle in regulatory form.
Therefore, proposed §125.3(g) provides that conventional
pollutants (such as BOD and TSS) which are used as indica-
tors for toxics are subject to BAT and are not subject to
BCT cost tests. Similarly, nonconventional pollutants
(such as COD and TOO which are used as indicators for
toxics are also subject to BAT and are not eligible for
modifications under sections 301(c) and 301(g) of the CWA.
A potential problem with the concept of indicators is that
if it is abused, it could subvert Congressional intent to
set BCT limits for conventional pollutants and to allow
variances for nonconventional pollutants. To minimize
any such abuse, the regulations set a number of tests
linking indicators to toxics which must be satisfied
before a conventional or nonconventional pollutant can
be regulated as an indicator pollutant.
Date: 2/4/80 V.4-4
-------
To use conventionals or nonconventionals as indicators to
control toxics to BAT levels, permit writers must identify
(in the permit and in the accompanying statement of basis
or fact sheet required by §§124.8 and 124.9) which toxics
are intended to be controlled by each indicator, unless
the indicator is established by an applicable effluent
guideline. In addition, permit writers must be able to
justify indicator limits by demonstrating that the in-
dicator limits will result in installation of treatment
equipment which constitutes BAT for toxic pollutant dis-
charges. This will ensure that conventional and noncon-
ventional pollutants are not limited to levels which are
more stringent than is required to achieve BAT-level
reduction of toxic pollutants. It should be noted that
in many instances, conventional and nonconventlonal
pollutants will be limited to BAT levels because of other
requirements of the CWA, even if they are not used as
indicators. This will occur where BCT for a conventional
is the same as BAT or where a source fails to meet the
section 301(c) or (g) criteria for modifications from
BAT for a nonconventional pollutant.
Nonmodifiable BAT limits for conventionals and non-
conventionals where they are used as toxic indicators
will not result in the imposition of stricter controls
than are authorized by the CWA. For example, where an
indicator is a conventional pollutant, the treatment
installed to meet the indicator's BAT limit is the same
treatment as would be installed to meet the BCT limit
for the conventional plus the BAT limits for specific
toxics covered by the indicator. While the conventional
pollutant may be reduced to levels more stringent than
required by BCT, this would occur in any event as the
result of the required installation of BAT technology
to control the toxics if they were being regulated
directly. The method used to require the installation
of BAT technology (direct limitation of toxics or the
use of indicators) will not affect ultimate level of
pollution control.
Comments on all aspects of the indicator approach and
suggestions on other alternatives are welcome.
The preceeding Federal Register quotation notes a number of
potential problems with the use of indicators. In addition, the
relationship between indicators and toxic pollutants probably
varies between different control technologies and industrial
categories. However, the EPA has never required that the treat-
ment technology at a plant be specified in its NPDES permit.
Faced with this situation, we must recognize that permits con-
taining indicator limits will be contested unless the permit
writer and permittee have reached an understanding on the control
technology to be installed.
ate: 2/4/80 V.4-5
-------
As noted in the quotation, permit writers need not use indicators
as part of their permit-writing strategy. Direct limits on toxic
pollutants are encouraged when technically and economically feas-
ible. Nevertheless, the concept of indicators can be useful to
minimize compliance monitoring costs or to minimize controversy
over exact limitations for toxic pollutants when appropriate BAT
technology for the toxic pollutant is installed and the indicator
shows that the equipment is being operated properly.
The suitability of an indicator substance to provide evidence of
proper control of another substance must be considered on a
case-by-case basis. Some of the variables may be very dependent
on details of the specific application. Some of the factors for
consideration are:
The observed or expected variability of the relative
amounts of indicators and toxics in the raw and treated
effluents,
The cost of monitoring the indicator versus the cost of
monitoring the toxic pollutants of direct interest, and
The amount of hazard to the environment posed by poten-
tial discharges of the toxic pollutant.
Table V.I lists some of the common pollutant parameters capable
of indicating the proper operation of the specified control
equipment or process. A very crude indication of the efficiency
with which t'oxic pollutants might be removed when various
indicators are efficiently removed is shown in Appendix C. The
user should be cautious when comparing efficiencies in this
table because it only covers median performance, and the set of
individual test results from which the median performance was
derived for one pollutant is usually not the same as that for
the median performance for other pollutants. The summary tables
in Volume III illustrate the range of performance observed for
various pollution control technologies. The data sheets for
individual plants, found in Volume III, should be consulted for
information on specific industrial processes.
Plant-specific determinations of indicator/toxic pollutant
relationships are obviously superior to any extrapolation, how-
ever sophisticated. These could involve testing indicator and
toxic pollutant concentrations under various process conditions
with the control system in various states of operation and
maintenance. Such a procedure would be very expensive and the
resulting accuracy of analysis may not be necessary, assuming
(as indicated earlier) that a general agreement on the type of
control technology needed has been reached by the permit writer
and permittee.
Date: 2/4/80 V.4-6
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TABLE V.I TYPICAL CANDIDATE INDICATORS
Pollution control system
Indicator
Gravity oil separation
Sedimentation
- with polymer
- with lime
- with Fe+2, lime
- with lime, polymer
- with barium chloride
- with alum and coagulant
- with alum
Gas flotation
Filtration
Ultrafiltration
Activated sludge
Trickling filter
Lagoons
Rotating biological contactor
Steam stripping
Solvent extraction
Activated carbon
Chemical oxidation
Air stripping
Nitrification
Denitrification
Ion exchange
Polymeric absorption
Reverse osmosis
Electrodialysis
Distillation
Disinfection
Dechlorination
Ozonation
Oil and grease
TSS
TSS
TSS
TSS
TSS
TSS
TSS
TSS
TSS
TSS
TSS, oil and grease
BOD
BOD, phenol (if present)
BOD
BOD
TOC (if for organics)
Total chlorine (if present)
Total phenols, TOC, BOD, COD
TOC
COD, BOD, TOC
TDS
TDS, TOC (depending on application)
Chlorine
COD, total phenol
The current data base may or may not be sufficient to detect
statistically significant correlations between indicator pollut-
ants and certain toxic pollutants when subjected to a specific
treatment technology. Some statistical analysis of the data
may be necessary to help determine what further effort is justi-
fied. To that end, individual plant effluent data submitted
to the Liquid Effluent Data System (LEDS) prior to January 1,
1980 have been analyzed using the 1972 version of the Statistical
Analysis System (SAS) computer program [4].
The results of this analysis are summarized in Appendix E. It
was aimed at determining the relationship between toxic pollut-
ant and conventional pollutant concentrations.
Date: 2/4/80
V.4-7
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SECTION V.5
REFERENCES
1. The Clean Water Act, Showing Changes Made by the 1977
Amendments. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
DC, 1977.
2. Environmental Protection Agency - Proposed Consolidated
Permits Regulations, Draft Consolidated Permit Application
Forms and Proposed National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System Regulations. Federal Register, 44 (16):34346-34416,
1979.
3. Environmental Protection Agency, Second Round Permits
Policy, July 20, 1978.
4. Barr, A. J., and H. J. Goodnight. A User's Guide to the
Statistical Analysis System. SAS Institute, Inc., Raleigh,
North Carolina, August 1972.
»
6. Hoyslett, H. T., Jr. Statistics Made Simple. Doubleday &
Company, Inc., Garden City, New York, 1968.
Date: 2/4/80 V.5-1
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SECTION V.6
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. REFERENCES USED IN VOLUMES I-IV
References Used in Volume I
The Chemical Rubber Company. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,
48th Edition. Cleveland, Ohio, 1967.
CRC Press, Inc. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 59th
Edition. Cleveland, Ohio, 1977.
Dobbs, R. A., R. J. Middendorf, and J. M. Cohen. Carbon
Adsorption Isotherms for Toxic Organics. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1978.
Fairchild, E. J., R. J. Lewis, Sr., and R. L. Taken. Registry
of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, Volume II. NIOSH-78-
104B, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
Cincinnati, Ohio, 1977.
Fochtman, E. G., and W. Eisenberg. Treatability of Carcinogenic
and Other Hazardous Organic Compounds. Illinois Institute of
Technology Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois. 58 pp.
Initial Scientific and Minieconomic Review of Methyl Parathion,
Criteria and Evaluation Division, Office of Pesticide Programs,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1971.
Jordan, T. E. Vapor Pressure of Organic Compounds. Interscience
Publishers, Inc., New York, New York, 1954.
Manual of Treatment Techniques for Meeting the Interim Primary
Drinking Water Regulations. EPA-600/8-77-005, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, May 1977. 73 pp.
Meister Publishing Co. 1976 Farm Chemicals Handbook. Willoughby,
Ohio, 1976.
Merck and Co., Inc. The Merck Index, Ninth Edition. Rahway,
New Jersey, 1976.
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-1
-------
The National Research Council of the U.S.A. International
Critical Tables of Numerical Data, Physics, Chemistry, and
Technology, Volume III. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, 1928.
Off-line Bibliographic Citation List Generated from the Toxicol-
ogy Data Bank by MEDLARS II, National Library of Medicine's
National Interactive Retrieval Service, Bethesda, Maryland,
11 June 1979.
Fitter, P. Determination of Biological Degradability of Organic
Substances. Water Research, 10:1-5, 1976.
Quellette, R. P., and J. A. King. Chemical Week Pesticides
Register. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, New York, 1977.
Report on visit of D. Stephan and W. Cawley, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, to Calgon Environmental Systems Division,
Calgon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 9 April 1979.
132 pp.
Tabak, H. H., and E. F. Earth. Biodegradability of Benzidine
in Aerobic Suspended Growth Reactors. Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation, March 1978. 7 pp.
Tucker, E. S., V. W. Saeger, and 0. Hicks. Activated Sludge
Primary Biodegradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Monsanto
Company, St. Louis, Missouri, March 1975. 9 pp.
Versar, Inc. Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority
Pollutants, Volume II, Metals and Inorganics. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1979.
Versar, Inc. Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority
Pollutants, Volume III, Ethers, Phthalate Esters, and Nitroso-
amines. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.,
1979.
Versar, Inc. Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority
Pollutants, Volume IV, Halogenated Aliphatics. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., February 1975.
Versar, Inc. Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority
Pollutants, Volume V, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PCB's
and Related Compounds. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., 1979.
Versar, Inc. Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority
Pollutants, Volume VI, Phenols, Cresols, and Monocyclic
Aromatics. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., 1979.
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-2
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Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic
Chemicals. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, New York,
1977.
References Used in Volume II
Auto and Other Laundries
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Auto and Other Laundries.
Status Report on the Treatment and Recycle of Wastewaters from
the Car Wash Industry (draft contractor's report). Contract
68-01-5667, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC, July 1979.
Technical Support Document for Auto and Other Laundries Industry
(draft contractor's report). Contract 68-03-2550, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., August 1979.
Coal Mining
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for the Coal
Mining Point Source Category. EPA 440/1-75/057 Group II, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., October 1975.
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Coal Mining.
Technical Assistance in the Implementation of the BAT Review of
Coal Mining Industry Point Source Category (draft contractor's
report). Contracts 68-01-3273, 68-01-4762, and 68-02-2618, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1979.
Pollutant Removability
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
NSPS for the Major Inorganic Products Point Source Category.
EPA-440/l-74-007-a, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., March 1974.
Draft Development Document for Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing
Point Source Category - BATEA, NSPS, and Pretreatment Standards
(draft contractor's report). Contract 68-01-4492, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division, Washing-
ton, D.C., April 1979.
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Stan-
dards for Inorganic Chemicals (40CFR415; 39FR9612, March 12,
1974; amended as shown in Code of Federal Regulations, Vol. 40,
revised as of July 1, 1976; 41FR51599 and 51601, November 23,
1976; 42FR17443, April 1, 1977, 42FR10681, February 23, 1977;
42FR37294, July 20, 1977).
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-3
-------
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Inorganic Chemicals
Industry.
Supplement for Pretreatment to the Development Document for
the Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Category.
EPA-400/1-77/087A, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., July 1977.
Iron & Steel
Alkaline Cleaning (contractor's draft report). U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1979.
Basic Oxygen Furnace (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., January 1979.
Blast Furnace (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., February 1979.
Cokemaking (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., January 1979.
Cold Rolling Subcategory (contractor's draft report). U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., February
1979.
Combination Acid Pickling (contractor's draft report). U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1979.
Continuous Casting Subcategory (contractor's draft report).
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.,
February 1979.
Electric Arc Furnace (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, B.C., February 1979.
Hot Forming: Flat (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1979.
Hot Forming: Primary (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1979.
Hot Forming: Section (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March, 1979.
Hot Coating Subcategories (contractor's draft report). U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1979.
Hydrochloric Acid Pickling (contractor's draft report). U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1979.
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Iron and Steel Industry.
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-4
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Open Hearth Subcategories (contractor's draft report). U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., February
1979.
Pipe and Tube (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, B.C., March 1979.
Scale Removal: Kolene and Hydride (contractor's draft report).
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March
1979.
Sintering (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., February 1979.
Sulfuric Acid Pickling (contractor's draft report). U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1979.
Vacuum Degassing Subcategory (contractor's draft report). U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., February
1979.
Leather Tanning and Finishing Industry
Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines,
New Source Performance Standards, and Pretreatment Standards for
the Leather Tanning and Finishing Point Source Category. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division,
Washington, D.C., July 1979.
Effluent Guidelines and Standards for Leather Tanning and Finish-
ing. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 40 CFR 425; 39FR
12958, April 9, 1974.
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary. Leather Tanning and
Finishing Industry.
Coil Coating
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
Standards for the Coil Coating paint Source Category. EPA 440/1-
79/071a, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Effluent Guide-
lines Division, Washington, D,C., August 1979.
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Coil Coating Industry.
Foundries
Foundry Industry (Contractor's Draft Report). Contract 68-01-
4379, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.,
May 1979.
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Foundries.
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-5
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Porcelain Enameling
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
Standards for the Porcelain Enameling Point Source Category.
EpA-440/l-79/072a, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., August 1975.
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Porcelain Enameling
Industry.
Explosives Manufacture --
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Stand-
ards for Explosives Manufacturing. 40 CRF 457; 41 FR 10180,
March 9, 1976.
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Explosive Manufacturing.
Technical Review of the BAT Analysis of the Explosives Industry
(draft contractor's report). U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1979.
Gum and Wood Chemicals
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Gum and Wood Chemicals
Industry
Technical Review of the Best Available Technology, Best Demon-
strated Technology, and Pretreatment Technology for the Gum and
Wood Chemicals Point Source Category (draft contractor's report)
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc.
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Proposed New Source Performance Standards for
the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Point Source Category. EPA
400/1-75/060. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., December 1976. 344 pp.
Effluent Limitations Guidelines for the Pharmaceutical Manufac-
turing Industry (draft contractor's report). U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., May 1979.
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Stan-
dards for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing. 40 CFR 439; 41 FR
50676, November 17, 1976; Amended by 42 FR 6813, February, 1977.
Supplement to the Draft Contractor's Engineering Report for the
Development of Effluent Limitations Guidelines for the Pharma-
ceutical Industry (BATEA, NSPS, BCT, BMP, Pretreatment). U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., July 1979.
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-6
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Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Draft Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines
and Standards for the Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Point
Source Category, Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Waste management, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
September 1979.
Environmental Protection Agency - Effluent Guidelines and
Standards for Nonferrous Metals. 40 CRF 421; 39 FR 12822,
April 8, 1974; Amended by 40 FR 8514, February 27, 1975;
40 FR 48348, October 15, 1975; 41 FR 54850, December 15, 1976.
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Nonferrous Metals Manu-
facturing Industry.
Ore Mining and Dressing
Development Document for BAT Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
New Source Performance Standards for the Ore Mining and Dressing
Industry, Volumes I and II (draft contractor's report). Con-
tract No. 68-01-4845, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., 15 February 1979.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
New Source Performance Standards for the Ore Mining and Dressing
Point Source Category, Volumes I and II. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., July 1978.
Environment Reporter, EPA Effluent Guidelines and Standards for
Ore Mining and Dressing (40CRF440, November 6, 1975; 41FR21191,
May 24, 1976; 42FR3165, January 17, 1977, 43FR29771, July 11,
1978; 44FR7953, February 8, 1979; 44FR11546, March 1, 1979),
pg. 135:0881.
NRDC Consent Decree. Industry Summary - Ore Mining and Dressing.
Paint and Ink Formulation
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Stan-
dards for Ink Formulating. 40 CFR447; 40FR31723, July 28, 1975.
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Stan-
dars for Paint Formulating. 40CFR446; 40FR31723, July 28, 1975.
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Paint and Ink Formulation.
Technical Study Report BATEA-NSPS-PRETREATMENT, Effluent Limita-
tions Guidelines for the Ink Manufacturing Industry (draft
contractor's report). Contract 68-01-3502, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., January 1979.
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-7
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Technical Study Report BATEA-NSPS-PRETREATMENT, Effluent Limita-
tions Guidelines for the Paint Manufacturing Industry (draft
contractor's report). Contract 68-01-3502, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., January 1979.
Petroleum Refining
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
New Source Performance Standards for the Petroleum Refining
Point Source Category. EPA-440/l-74-014-a, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1974. 195 pp.
Draft Development Document Including the Data Base for the
Review of Effluent Limitations Guidelines (BATEA), New Source
Performance Standards, and Pretreatment Standards for the
Petroleum Refining Point Source Category. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1978.
Interim Final Supplement for Pretreatment to the Development
Document for the Petroleum Refining Industry Existing Point
Source Category. EPA-440/1-76/083A, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1977. 115 pp.
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Petroleum Refining.
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Stand-
dards for Pulp, Paper and Paperboard (40 CFR 430; FR 18742,
May 12, 1974; Amended as shown in Volume 40 Code of Federal
Regulations, Revised as of July 1, 1976; 41 FR 27732, July 6,
1976; 42 FR 1398; January 6, 1977).
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Pulp, Paper, and
Paperboard Industry.
Preliminary Data Base for Review of BATEA Effluent Limitations
Guidelines, NSPS, and Pretreatment Standards for the Pulp,
Paper, and Paperboard Point Source Category. Prepared for
USEPA by E. C. Jordan Co., Inc., Portland, Maine 04112.
Contract No. 68-01-4624, June 1979.
Rubber Processing --
Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines and Stan-
dars for Rubber Processing. 40 CFR 428; 39 FR 6660, February 21,
1974 (amended by 39 FR 26423, July 19, 1974; 40 FR 2334,
January 10, 1975; 40 FR 18172, April 25, 1975 [effective May 27,
1975]; and 43 FR 6230, February 14, 1978).
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Rubber Processing.
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-8
-------
Review of Best Available Technology for the Rubber Processing
Point Source Category (draft contractor's report). Contract
68-01-4673, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., July 1978.
Steam Electric Power Generating
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Auto and Other Laundries.
Status Report on the Treatment and Recycle of Wastewaters from
the Car Wash Industry (draft contractor's report). Contract
68-01-5767, U.S. Enviornmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., July 1979.
Technical Support Document for Auto and Other Laundries Industry
(draft contractor's report). Contract 68-03-2550, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., August 1979.
Textile Mills --
MRC internal sampling data on file at Effluent Guidelines
Division of EPA, 1978.
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Textile Mills.
Technical Study Report BATEA-NSPS-PSES-PSNS - Textile Mills
Point Source Category (draft contractor's report). Contracts
68-01-3289 and 68-01-3884, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., November 1978.
Timber Products Processing
NRDC Consent Decree Industry Summary - Timber Products
Processing.
Revised Technical Review of the Best Available Technology. Best
Demonstrated Technology, and Pretreatment Technology for the
Timber Products Processing Point Source Category (draft contrac-
tor's report). Contract 68-01-4827, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, D.C., October 1978.
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW'S)
Fate of Priority Pollutants in Publicly Owned Treatment Works -
Pilot Study. EPA-440/1-79-300, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., October 1979.
References Used in Volume III
Alkaline Cleaning (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1974.
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-9
-------
Argaman, Yerachmiel, and C. L. Weddle. Fate of Heavy Metals
Physical Treatment Processes. In: AIChE Symposium Series,
Volume 70, No. 136.
Basic Oxygen Furance (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., January 1979.
Bollyky, L. J. Ozone Treatment of CyanideBearing Plating Waste.
EPA-600/2-77-104, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincin-
nati, Ohio, June 1977. 43 pp.
Brandon, C. A., and J. J. Porter. Hyperfiltration for Renovation
of Textile Finishing Plant Wastewater. EPA-600/ 2-76-060, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Triangle Park, North Carolina,
March 1976. 147 pp.
Brunotts, V. A., R. S. Lynch, G. R. Van Stone. Granular Carbon
Handles Concentrated Waste. Chemical Engineering Progress,
6(8):81-84, 1973.
Chian, E. S. K., M. N. Aschauer, and H. H. P. Fang. Evaluation
of New Reverse Osmosis Membranes for the Separation of Toxic
Compounds from Wastewater. Contract No. DADA 17-73-C-3025, U.S.
Army Medical Research and Development Command, Washington, B.C.,
October 1975. 309 pp.
CoCo, J. H., E. Klein, D. Howland, J. H. Mayes, W. A. Myers,
E. Pratz, C. J. Romero, and F. H. Yocum. Development of Treat-
ment and Control Technology for Refractory Petrochemical Wastes
(draft report). Project No. S80073, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Ada, Oklahoma. 220 pp.
Coke Making (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., January 1979.
Cold Rolling Subcategory (contractor's draft report). U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., February
1979.
Combination Acid Pickling (contractor's draft report). U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1979.
Continuous Casting Subcategory (contractor's draft report).
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., February
1979.
Davis, H. J., F. S. Model, and J. R. Leal. PBI Reverse Osmosis
Membrane for Chromium Plating Rinse Water. EPA-600/2-78-040.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, March
1978. 28 pp.
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-10
-------
De, J., B. Paschal, and A. D. Adams. Treatment of Oil Refinery
Wastewaters with Granular and Powdered Activated Carbon. In:
Thirtieth Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University,
Indiana, May 1975. pp. 216-232.
De, J. and B. Paschal. The Effectiveness of Granular Activated
Carbon in Treatability Municipal and Industrial Wastewater.
In: Third National Conference on Complete Water Reuse, AIChE
and EPA Technology Transfer, June 1976. pp. 204-211.
Development Document for BAT Effluent Limitations Guidelines
and New Source Performance Standards for Ore Mining and Dressing
Industry. No. 6332-M.l, A Division of Calspan Corporation,
Buffalo, New York, 1979.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Dairy Products Processing
Point Source Category. EPA-440/l-74-021a, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., May 1974. 167 pp.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Fish Meal, Salmon, Bottom
Fish, Clam, Oyster, Sardine, Scallop, Herring, and Abalone,
Segment of the Canned and Perserved Fish and Seafood Processing
Industry, Point Source Category. EPA-440/l-75-041a, U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., September 1975.
485 pp.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Leather Tanning and Finish-
ing Point Source Category. EPA-440/l-74-016a, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1974. 157 pp.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Plywood, Hardboard and Wood
Preserving Segment of the Timber Products Processing Point
Source Category. EPA-440/l-74-023a, U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1974.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Synthetic Resins, Segment
of the Plastics and Synthetic Materials Manufacturing Point
Source Category. EPA-440/l-74-010a, U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1974. 238 pp.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New
Source Performance Standards for the Tire and Synthetic Segment
of the Rubber Processing Point Source Category. EPA-440/1-74-
013a, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.,
February 1974. 193 pp.
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-11
-------
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
Standards for the Coil Coating Point Source Category. EPA-
440/l-79-071a, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., August 1979. 473 pp.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
Standards for the Leather Tanning and Finishing Point Source
Category. EPA-440/1-79-016. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., July 1979. 381 pp.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
Standards for the Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing Point Source
Category. EPA-440/l-79-019a, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., September 1979. 622 pp.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
Standards for the Pesticide Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source
Category. EPA-440/l-78-060e, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1978. 316 pp.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
Standards for the Porcelain Enameling Point Source Category.
EPA-440-l/79/072a, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., August 1979. 558 pp.
Development Document for Interim Final and Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for
the Fruits, Vegetables, and Specialties Segment of the Canned
and Preserved Fruits and Vegetables Point Source Category. EPA-
440/1-75-046, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., October 1975. 520 pp.
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for the Primary
Copper Smelting Subcategory of the Copper Segment of the Non-
ferrous Metals Manufacturing Point Source Category. EPA-440/1
l-75-032b, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., February 1975. 213 pp.
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Proposed New Source Performance Standards for
the Gum and Wood Chemicals Manufacturing. EPA 440/1-76, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1976.
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations,
Guidelines and Proposed New Source Performance Standards for the
Hospital Point Source Category. EPA-440/l-76-060n, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1976. 131 pp.
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Proposed New Source Performance Standards for the
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-12
-------
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, Point Source Category. EPA-440/1-
75-060, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.,
December 1976. 331 pp.
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Proposed New Source Performance Standards for the
Raw Cane Sugar Processing Segment of the Sugar Processing Point
Source Category. EPA-440/1-75-044, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., February 1975. 291 pp.
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for the Mineral
Mining and Processing Industry Point Source Category. EPA-440/
l-76-059a, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., June 1976. 432 pp.
Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guide-
lines and New Source Performance Standards for the Major Organic
Products Segment of the Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Point
Source Category. EPA-440/1-73-009, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., December 1973. 369 pp.
Development Document for Proposed Existing Source Pretreatment
Standards for the Electroplating, Point Source Category. EPA-
440/1-78-085, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., February 1978. 532 pp.
Draft Contractor's Engineering Report for Development of Ef-
fluent Limitations Guidelines for the Pharmaceutical Manufactur-
ing Industry (BATEA, NSPS, BCT, BMP, Pretreatment), July 1979,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Draft Development Document for Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing
Point Source Category - BATEA, NSPS, and Pretreatment Standards
(contractor's draft report). Contract 68-01-4492, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division, Washing-
ton, D.C., April 1979.
Draft Technical Report for Revision of Steam Electric Effluent
Limitations Guidelines, September 1978, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Effects of Liquid Detergent Plant Effluent on the Rotating
Biological Contactor. EPA-600/2-78-129, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, June 1978. 58 pp.
Effluent Limitations Guidelines (BATEA), New Source Performance
Standards and Pretreatment Standards for the Petroleum Refining
Point Source Category, March 1978, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-13
-------
Effluent Limitations Guidelines for the Ink Manufacturing Indus-
try (BATEA, NSPS, Pretreatment), January 1979, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division,
Washington, D.C.
Effluent Limitations Guidelines for the Paint Manufacturing
Industry, January 1979, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C.
Electric Arc Furnace (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., February 1979.
Extraction of Chemical Pollutants from Industrial Wastewaters
with Volatile Solvents. EPA-600/2-76-220, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Ada, Oklahoma, December 1976. 510 pp.
Foundry Industry (contractor's draft report). Contract No. 68-
01-4379, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.,
May 1979.
Hot Coating Subcategories (contractor's draft report). U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1979.
Hot Forming Primary (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1979.
Hot Forming Section (contractor's draft report) U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1979.
Hydrochloric Acid Pickling (contractor's draft report). U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., April 1979.
Interim Final Supplement for Pretreatment to the Development
Document for the Petroleum Refining Industry Existing Point
Source Category. EPA-440/1-76, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, March 1977.
Kleper, M. H., A. 2. Gollan, R. L. Goldsmith and K. J. McNulty.
Assessment of Best Available Technology Economically Achievable
for Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing Wastewater. EPA-600/2-78-
192, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio,
August 1978. 182 pp.
Kleper, M. H., R. L. Goldsmith, and A. Z. Gollan. Demonstration
of Ultrafiltration and Carbon Adsorption for Treatment of Indus-
trial Laundering Wastewater. EPA/2-78-177, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, August 1978. 109 pp.
Kleper, M. H., R. L. Goldsmith, T. V. Tran, D. H. Steiner,
J. Pecevich, and M. A. Sakillaris. Treatment of Wastewaters from
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-14
-------
Adhesives and Sealants Manufacturing by Ultrafiltration. EPA-
600/2-78-176, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
Ohio, August 1978.
Klieve, J. R., and G. D. Rawlings. Source Assessment: Textile
Plant Wastewater Toxics Study Phase II. Contract No. 68-02-
1874, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.,
April 1979. 127 pp.
Lang, W. C., J. H. Crozier, F. P. Drace, and K. H. Pearson.
Industrial Wastewater Reclamation with a 400,000-gallon-per-day
Vertical Tube Evaporator. EPA-600/2-76-260, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 1976. 90 pp.
McNulty, K. J., R. L. Goldsmith, A. Gollan, S. Hossain, and
D. Grant. Reverse Osmosis Field Test: Treatment of Copper
Cyanide Rinse Waters, EPA-600/2-77-170, U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, August 1977. 89 pp.
Olem, H. The Rotating Biological Contactor for Biochemical
Ferrous Iron Oxidation in the Treatment of Coal Mine Drainage.
No. W77-05337, Perm State University, Pennsylvania, November
1975.
Petersen, R. J., and K. E. Cobian. New Membranes for Treating
Metal Finishing Effluents by Reverse Osmosis. EPA-600/2-76-197,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, October
1976. 59 pp.
Pipe and Tube (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March 1979.
Preliminary Data Base for Review of BATEA Effluent Limitations
Guidelines, NSPS, and Pretratment Standards for the Pulp, Paper,
and Paperboard Point Source Category, June 1979, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Priority Pollutant Treatibility Review, Industrial Sampling and
Assessment. Contract 68-03-2579, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, July 1978. 47 pp.
Putting Powdered Carbon in Wastewater Treatment. Environmental
Science and Technology, Volume II, No. 9, September 1977.
Rawlings, G. D. Evaluation of Hyperfiltration Treated Textile
Wastewaters. Contract 68-02-1874, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., November 1978.
Rawlings, G. D. Source Assessment: Textile Plant Wastewater
Toxics Study Phase I. EPA-600/2-78-004h, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Triangle Park, North Carolina, March 1979.
153 pp.
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-15
-------
Review of the Best Available Technology for the Rubber Process-
ing Point Source Category, July 1978, U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Revised Technical Review of the Best Available Technology, Best
Demonstrated Technology, and Pretreatment Technology for the
Timber Products Processing Point Source Category (draft con-
tractors report). Contract 68-01-4827, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, B.C., October 1978.
Scale Removal: Kolene and Hydride (contractor's draft report).
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, B.C., March
1979.
Schimmel, C., and B. B. Griffin. Treatment and Bisposal of
Complex Industrial Wastes. EPA-600/2-76-123. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, November 1976.
Selected Biodegradation Techniques for Treatment and/or Ultimate
Bisposal of Organic Materials. EPA-600/2-79-006, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, March 1973. 377 pp.
Sintering (contractor's draft report). U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, B.C., February 1979.
Study of Effectiveness of Activated Carbon Technology for the
Removal of Specific Materials from Organic Chemical Processes.
EPA Contract No. 68-03-2610. Final report on Pilot Operations
at USS Chemical, Nevella.
Sulfuric Acid Pickling (contractor's draft report). U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, B.C., April 1979.
Technical Assistance in the Implementation of the BAT Review of
the Coal Mining Industry Point Source Category, March 9, 1979,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, B.C.
Technical Review of the Best Available Technology, Best Demon-
strated Technology, and Pretreatment Technology for the Gum and
Wood Chemicals Point Source Category. No. 77-094, Environmental
Science and Engineering Incorporation, Gainesville, Florida,
1978.
Technical Study Report BATEA-NSPS-PSES-PSNS: Textile Mills
Point Source Category, November 1978. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
Technical Support Bocument for Auto and Other Laundries Industry
(draft contractor's report). Contract 68-03-2550, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, B.C., August 1979.
Bate: 2/4/80 V.6-16
-------
Treatment and Recovery of Fluoride Industrial Wastes. No. PB
234 447, Grumman Aerospace Corporation. Bethpage, N.Y., March
1974.
Vacuum Degassing Subcategory (contractor's draft report). U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., February 1979.
References Used in Volume IV
Innovative and Alternative Technology Assessment Manual, EPA-
430/ 9-78-009 (draft), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnai, Ohio, 1978. 252 pp.
Metcalf and Eddy. Wastewater Engineering: Collection Treatment,
Disposal. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, New York, 1972.
pp. 662-667.
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Treatment Techniques for
Industrial Wastes, PB 275 287, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., November 1976.
B. REFERENCES EXAMINED BUT NOT USED
Chen, Ching-lin, and R. P. Miele. Wastewater Demineralizing by
Continuous Countercurrent Ion Exchange Process. EPA-600/2-77-152
(PB 272 301), U.S. Environmenental Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio,
September 1977. 50 pp.
Clark, D. P., L. W. Poulter, 0. W. Wilson, and W. N. Christensen.
The Treatment and Analysis of Cyanide Wastewater. AFCEC-TR-74-5,
Air Force Civil Engineering Center, Tyndall AFB, Florida, February
1975. 122 pp.
Cochrane, W., J. Burm, and A. Dostal. Cannery Wastewater Treat-
ment with Rotating Biological Contactor and Extended Aeration.
EPA-R2-73-024 (PB 221 333), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Corvallis, Oregon, April 1973. 62 pp.
Eaddy, J. M. Jr., and J. W. Vann. Physical/Chemical Treatment
of Textile Finishing Wastewater for Process Reuse. EPA-600/2-78-
079 (PB 281 276), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, April 1978. 141 pp.
Ellerbusch, F., and H. S. Skovronek. Oxidative Treatment of
Industrial Wastewater. EPA-600/J-77-057 (PB 276 268), US. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. 11 pp.
Gardner, F. H., Jr., and A. R. Williamson. Naval Stores Waste-
water Purification and Reuse by Activated Carbon Treatment.
EPA-600/2-76-227, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
Ohio, October 1976. 45 pp.
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-17
-------
Handling, Treatment, and Disposal of Wastewater Sludge. In: The
USA/USSR Symposium on Handling, Treatment, and Disposal of Waste-
water Sludge, Moscow, USSR, 1975. 155 pp.
Harrison, W., R. D. Flotard, and D. L. Ford. Assessment of Acti-
vated Carbon For Environmental Control of Trace Organics in
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater. Argonne National Laboratory,
Argonne, Illinois, March 1979.
Huff, J. E., and J. M. Bigger. Cyanide Removal from Petroleum
Refining Waste Water Using Powdered Activated Carbon. 77/08,
Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality, Chicago, Illinois,
June 1977. 109 pp.
King, A. H., J. Ogea, and J. W. Sutton. Air Flotation-Biological
Oxidation of Synthetic Rubber and Latex Waste-Water. (PB 229 480),
Firestone Synthetic Rubber and Latex Company, Lake Charles,
Louisiana. 136 pp.
Lent, D. S. Study on Power-Laundry Wastewater Treatment, 2118,
U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Center, Fort
Belvoir, Virginia, November 1974. 96 pp.
McCrodden, B. A. Treatment of Refinery Wastewater Using a Fil-
tration-Activated Carbon System. EPA-600/2-79-066 (PB 295 780),
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, Oklahoma, March 1979.
91 pp.
Middlebrooks, E. J., D. H. Falkenborg, and R. F. Lewis. Perfor-
mance and Upgrading of Wastewater Stabilization Ponds; In: Pro-
ceedings of a Conference Held August 23-25, 1978, at Utah State
University, Logan, Utah. EPA-600/9-79-011 (PB 297 504), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, May 1979.
226 pp.
Petroska, J. A. High Gradient Magnetic Separation of Food Proc-
essing Wastewater. Master's Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1977. 92 pp.
Raphaelian, L. A., and W. Harrison. Trace Organics Variation
Across the Wastewater Treatment System of a Class-B Refinery.
EPA-600/7-78-125 (PB 285 596), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
and U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, July 1978. 178 pp.
Sephton, H. H. Renovation of Industrial Inorganic Wastewater by
Evaporation with Interface Enhancement. EPA-600/2-76-017
(PB 217 281), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
Ohio, March 1976. 69 pp.
Smith, R. Design of Ammonia Stripping Towers for Wastewater
Treatment. (PB 217 281), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, Ohio, August 1970. 69 pp.
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-18
-------
Upgrading Textile Operations to Reduce Pollution. Volume 2.
Wastewater Treatment Systems (PB 260 566), U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 1974.
Versar, Inc. Assessment of Wastewater Management, Treatment
Technology, and Assorted Costs for Abatement of PCBs Concentra-
tions in Industrial Effluents. EPA-560/6-76-006 (PB 251 433),
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, February
1976. 281 pp.
Date: 2/4/80 V.6-19
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APPENDIX A
NUMBER OF SOURCE/TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY DATA SETS
Date: 2/4/80 V.A-1
-------
TABLE A-l. NUMBER OF SOURCE/TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY DATA SETS
Number of data sets
Data sets with
both influent and
effluent data
Industry/control technology
Full
scale
Pilot
scale
Bench
scale
Effluent
data
only
(any scale)
Adhesives and Sealants
Ozonation
Reverse osmosis
Sedimentation
Ultrafiltration
Auto and Other Laundries
Filtration
Gas flotation with
chemical addition
Granular activated
carbon adsorption
Sedimentation with
chemical addition
Ultrafiltration
Canned and Preserved Fish
and Seafood Processing
Gas flotation with
chemical addition
Canned and Preserved Fruits
and Vegetables
Activated sludge
Gas flotation
Lagoon, aerated
Lagoon, aerobic
Lagoon, anaerobic
Sedimentation with
chemical addition
Coal Gas Washing Process
Activated sludge
Coal Mining
Rotating biological
containers
Sedimentation
1
6
3
10
1
1
12
6
4
3
1
2
(continued)
Date: 2/4/80
V.A-2
-------
TABLE A-l (continued)
Number of data sets
Data sets with
both influent and
effluent data
Industry/control technology
Full
scale
Pilot
scale
Bench
scale
Effluent
data
only
(any scale)
Coal Tar Distillation Plant
Activated sludge
Coil Coating
Sedimentation 4
Sedimentation with
chemical addition 1
Coke Gasification Plant
Activated sludge
Combined Waste - Petrochemical
and Paper Mills
Activated sludge 1
Dairy Products
Activated sludge 1
Trickling filters 1
Electroplating
Air stripping 1
Filtration 1
Ozonation 10
Reverse osmosis
Sedimentation 1
Foundry Industry
Filtration 1
Sedimentation 9
Sedimentation with
chemical addition 1
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Granular activated
carbon adsorption 1
Hospitals
Activated sludge 2
Trickling filters 8
Date: 2/4/80
V.A-3
(continued)
-------
TABLE A-l (continued)
Number of data sets
Data sets with
both influent and
effluent data
Industry/control technology
Full
scale
Pilot
scale
Bench
scale
Effluent
data
only
(any scale)
Ink Manufacturing
Sedimentation
Inorganic Chemicals
Air stripping
Chemical oxidation
Chemical reduction
Filtration
Sedimentation
Sedimentation with
chemical addition
Iron and Steel
Activated sludge
Filtration
Gravity oil separation
Sedimentation
Sedimentation with
chemical addition
Leather Tanning and
Finishing
Activated sludge
Lagoon, aerated
Lagoon, facultative
Sedimentation
Sedimentation with
chemical addition
Trickling filter
Mineral Mining and Processing
Sedimentation
Sedimentation with
chemical addition
Nonferrous Metals
Filtration
Sedimentation with
chemical addition
1
2
1
3
2
1
3
1
18
8
7
1
2
3
1
4
14
1
2
2
(continued)
Date: 2/4/80
V.A-4
-------
TABLE A-l (continued)
Number of data sets
Data sets with
both influent and
effluent data
Industry/control technology
Full
scale
Pilot
scale
Bench
scale
Effluent
data
only
(any scale)
Ore Mining and Dressing
Chemical oxidation
Filtration
Granular activated
carbon adsorption
Ion exchange
Ozonation
Sedimentation
Sedimentation with
chemical addition
Organic Chemicals
Activated sludge
Granulated activated
carbon adsorption
Ozonation
Solvent extraction
Steam stripping
Lagoon, aerated
Lagoon, anaerobic
Paint Manufacturing
Filtration
Lagoon, aerated
Sedimentation
Sedimentation with
chemical addition
Pesticide Chemicals
Granular activated
carbon adsorption
Petroleum Refining
Filtration
Gas flotation
Granular activated
charcoal adsorption
Gravity oil
separation
Powdered activated
charcoal adsorption
Solvent extraction
Date: 2/4/80
1
2
1
45
9
12
2
1
5
7
2
1
3
11
1
3
1
22
1
1
4
7
21
4
6
4
3
8
V.A-5
27
(continued)
-------
TABLE A-l (continued)
Number of data sets
Data sets with
both influent and
effluent data
Industry/control technology
Full
scale
Pilot
scale
Bench
scale
Effluent
data
only
(any scale)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Activated sludge
Lagoon, aerated
Powdered activated
carbon adsorption
Porcelain Enameling
Gal flotation
Gas flotation with
chemical addition
Ion exchange
Sedimentation
Ultrafiltration
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard
Activated sludge
Filtration
Gas flotation
Granular activated
carbon adsorption
Powdered activated
carbon adsorption
Reverse osmosis
Sedimentation
Sedimentation with
chemical addition
Trickling filter
Rubber Processing
Activated sludge
Steam Electric Power
Generation
Reverse osmosis
Sedimentation
Sedimentation with
chemical addition
Synthetic Resins
Activated sludge
7
2
4
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
6
10
11
Date: 2/4/80
V.A-6
(continued)
-------
TABLE A-l (continued)
Number of data sets
Data sets with
both influent and
effluent data
Industry/control technology
Full
scale
Pilot
scale
Bench
scale
Effluent
data
only
(any scale)
Textile Mills
Activated sludge
Filtration
Gas flotation with
chemical addition
Granular activated
carbon adsorption
Lagoon, aerated
Lagoon, effluent
polishing
Lagoon, facultative
Ozonation
Reverse osmosis
Sedimentation
Sedimentation with
chemical addition
Timber Products Processing
Activated sludge
Gravity oil separation
Lagoon, aerated
Lagoon, facultative
Reverse osmosis
Sedimentation with
chemical addition
Trickling filter
Ultrafiltration
Tire and Synthetic Rubber
Reverse osmosis
Trickling filter
Ultrafiltration
Unknown
Activated sludge
Chemical oxidation
Filtration
Granular activated
carbon adsorption
Powdered activated
carbon adsorption
Date: 2/4/80
46
1
7
2
4
1
15
12
11
4
34
1
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
5
(continued)
V.A-7
-------
TABLE A-l (continued)
Number of data sets
Data sets with
both influent and Effluent
effluent data data
Full Pilot Bench only
Industry/control technology
Unknown (continued)
Reverse osmosis
Rotating biological
contactors
Sedimentation with
chemical addition
Solvent extraction
Steam stripping
Trickling filter
scale scale
3
5
1
5
1 1
scale (any scale)
2 1
8
1
Unspecified Industrial and
Domestic Wastewater (70:30)
Activated sludge
Wine Making
Sedimentation with
chemical addition
Date: 2/4/80
V.A-8
-------
APPENDIX B
MEDIAN OBSERVED EFFLUENT CONCENTRATIONS
Date: 2/4/80 V.A-9
-------
>
I
Pollutant3
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOO,
COD
TSS
TKN
TOC
Toxic pollutants, mg/L:
Cyanide, total
Phenols, total
Toxic pollutants, H9/L:
Acenaphthene
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Benzidine
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
1,2, 4-Trichlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene
1 , 2-Dichloroethane
1,1, 1-Trichloroethane
Hexachloroe thane
1 , 1-Dichloroe thane
1,1, 2-Trichloroe thane
1,1,2 , 2-Tetrachloroethane
Chloroe thane
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
2-Chloronaphthalene
2,4, 6-Trichlorophenol
p-Chloro-o-cresol
Chloroform
2-Chlorophenol
Gravity
oil
separa- Sedimen-
tion tation Polymer
190 1,200 2,370
420 19 8,000
52.5 31 15.2
81 11 1,600
57.5 0.027 0.19
300
30
100 12 0.4
1
53
50 <10b
10
25
120
vlS <38 11
33 <10
Treatment technique
Sedimentation with chemical addition
+ Alum,
Fe2 , Lime, Barium coagulant
Lime lime polymer chloride aid Alum FeCl
619 75 33 325
45 2 10.5 9,800 416
23 11 13.5 66 51 46
12 7 6.5 2,500 89
0.17 0.010 0.10 0.06
5 160
1,800
150
<50 17
51 69
11
5
62
10. 36 22
<5b
Alum,
Sulfide lime
1,970
4,090
254
1,190
0.67
46
<10b
150
35
74
(continued)
-------
0
01
n-
TABLE B-l (continued)
NJ
Pollutant*
Gravity
oil
separa- Sedimen-
tion tation Polymer
Treatment technique
Sedimentation with chemical addition
Lime
+ Alum,
Fe2 , Line, Barium coagulant
lime polymer chloride aid Alum
Alum,
FeCl Sulfide lime
oo
o Toxic pollutants (cont'd), pg/L:
1, 2-Dichlorobenzene
1, 3-Dichlorobenzene 3
1 , 4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3* -Dichlorobenzidine
1 , 1-Oichloroethylene
1, 2-rrans-dichloroethylene *-20
2 , 4-Dichlorophenol 10
1, 2-Dichloropropane
1 , 3-Dichloropropylene
2,4-Dimethylphenol >100
2 , 4-Dinitro toluene
e£ 2,6-Dinitrotoluene
> 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
1 Ethylbenzene >50
' Fluoranthene 8
12
<12 <10b
10 21 190
27
<10E <10B
10 h
10 <10b
880 130 . 390 2,300
<10D <10b
<0.05
400
11
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
4-BroBophenyl phenyl ether
Bis(2-chloroiBopropyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)i
Methylene chloride
Methyl chloride
tthane
>39
150
66
26
3,100 <40
2,000
Methyl bromide
BroBoform
DichlorobroHomethane
Dichlorodi fluoromethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
Dichlorofluoromethane
Chlorodibromonethane < 10
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Isophorone 6 <23
Naphthalene 280
Nitrobenzene <10
<0.3
6.5 16
35
(continued)
-------
o
01
ft
(D
TABLE B-l (continued)
*
NO
00
O
1
N)
Pollutant*
Toxic pollutants (cont'd), ug/L:
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
2 , 4-Dinitrophenol
4, 6-Dinitro-o-cresol
N-nitrosodimethylamine
N-nitrosodiphenylamine
N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine
Pentachlorophenol
Phenol
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Benz ( a ) anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo ( b ) f luor anthene
Benzo ( k ) f luor anthene
Chrysene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene/phenanthrene
Benzo ( ghi )pery lene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene/anthracene
Dibenz ( ah ) anthracene
Indeno (1,2, 3-cd )pyrene
Pyrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Trichloroe thy lene
Vinyl chloride
Aldrin
Gravity
oil
separa-
tion
150
120
160
290
1.3
12
55
15.5
150
11
35
3
550
80
3
40
4
40
>100
3
Sedimen-
tation Polymer
<10b
<10D
460
<10b
24
10 37
11. <10
<10b
30 <6.4
<35
22 <0.03
<33
6
6
<5
-------
^ TABLE B-l (continued)
rt
_ _ Treatment technique _ _ _ _
Gravity Sedimentation with chemical addition
oil + Alum,
separa- Sedimen- Fe2 , Lime, Bariun coagulant Alum,
tion tation Polymer Lime lime polymer chloride aid Alum FeCl Sulfide lime
*>. Toxic pollutants (cont'd),
00 Dieldrin 3
O Chlordane 3
4.4'-DDT
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDD
o-Endosulfan
p-Endosulfan
Endosulfan eulfate
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
a-BHC
^-BHC
6-BHC
Aroclor 1242 5.0
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1221 0.1
Aroclor 1232 0.5
Aroclor 124S
Aroclor 1260
Aroclor 1016 1.8
Toxaphene 3
Antimony 290 22 43 49 <50 29 72
Arsenic 6 5.5 3.0 <2.0 10 <8.5 12 <32 5 62
Beryllium 2 <10 0.9 <0.5 2.2
Cadmium 6 <9 80 3 1.0 18 33 <9 <9
Chromium 420 20 <14 21 2.5 40 28 60 41 40 31
Copper 44 50 15 54 20 40 <25 290 14 _ _<260 36
Lead 36 60 70 37 <3 160* 40 <200 30 100 <200
Mercury 1.3 0.5 70 0.7 <0.2 0.1 0.5 1,500 <76 20 2
Nickel 26 40 43 10 3.0 280 50 <40 800 <1
Selenium 12 6 8.0 20 10 10
Sliver 125 <10 2.6 1.0 90 20 11 120 <25
Thallium 2.0 <5 1.1 <4.0
Zinc 360 140 1,000 60 4.0 250 30 700 2,950 140 3,400
(continued)
-------
-------
TABLE B-2. MEDIAN OBSERVED EFFLUENT CONCENTRATIONS
ft
(D
10
-X.
u
00
o
Treatment technique"
Pollutant"
Gas flotation with chemical addition
Gas Alum. CaCl,
flotation Alum polymer polymer Polymer
Filtration
Ultra-
filtration
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD, 250
COD 509
TSS 200
TKN
TOC 280
Toxic pollutants, mg/L:
Cyanide, total
Phenols, total 23
303
1,670
141
544
0.094
540
1,300
81
381
0.44
592
102
87
0.205
19
184
13
42
0.048
Toxic pollutants, \>g/I*:
Acenaphthene
Acrolein 720 <100
Acrylonitrile
Benzene 100 12 <8.4
Benzidine
Carbon tetrachloride 410 1 30
Chlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Bexachlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane 170
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 860 14 <6 310
Hexachloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 2,100
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.8
Chioroethane
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
2-Chloronaphthalene 16 17
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 3 69
p-Chloro-v-cresol . 0.45
Chloroform <10D 19 8 24 22
2-Chlorophenol 2 2
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 5.4
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
457
813
<27
224
79
(continued)
-------
D
0>
ft
TABLE B-2 (continued)
00
o
i
M
CTi
Pollutant8
Gas
flotation
Treatment technique
Gas flotation with chemical addition
Alum
Alum,
polymer
CaCl,
polymer
Polymer Filtration
Ultra-
filtration
Toxic pollutants, pg/L (cont'd):
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
1,1-Dichloroethylene <2-°K
1,2-rrans-dichloroethylene < 10
2,4-Dichlorophenol 6 1.1
1,2-Dichloropropane 1.o
1,3-Dichloropropylene
2,4-Dimethylphenol <0.1 28 0.9
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine .
Ethylbenzene <10 3 77 160 0.20
Fluoranthene 0.5 0.14
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethoxy(methane
Hethylene chloride e 500 22 16
Methyl chloride 30
Methyl bromide
Bromoform
Dichlorobromomethane < 0.9
Dichlorodi fluoromethane
Trichlorofluoromethane <2 6.5
Dichlorofluoromethane
Chlorodlbromomethane
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Isophorone <10 1.5
Naphthalene 380 11 790 <5
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol 28
4,6-Dinitro-o-phenol
N-nitrosodimethylamine
N-nitrosodiphenylamine 620 0.4
(continued)
-------
a
(U
n>
to
U
-^
CO
o
TABLE B-2 (continued)
>
i
Treatment technique
Gas flotation with chemical addition
Gas Alum, CaCl,
Pollutant flotation Alum polymer polymer Polymer
Toxic pollutants, \ig/L (cont'd):
N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine
Pentachlorophenol 27 19
Phenol 1,200 28 100 18
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 560h 90 610 60
Butyl benzyl phthalate <10 81 <0.03 <0.03
Di-n-butyl phthalate 300 ISO <5
Oi-n-octyl phthalate h 21 33 11
Diethyl phthalate <10°
Dimethyl phthalate
Benz ( a ) anthracene
Benzo ( a Jpyrene
Benzo ( b ) f luoranthene
Benzo ( k ) f luoranthene
Chrysene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene/phenanthrene 600 10 66 2
Benzo ( ghi )perylene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene/anthracene 600 10 66 2
Dibenz ( ah ) anthracene
Indeno( 1,2, 3-cd)pyrene
Pyrene 0 . 3
Tetrachloroethylene . <0.9 666 2
Toluene <10 4.5 840 130
Trichloroethylene ' 18
Vinyl chloride
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Chlordane
4,4'-DDT
4, 4 '-DDE
4,4'-DDD
o-Endosulfan
9-Endosulfan
Endosulfan sulfate
Endrin
Ultra-
Filtration filtration
10.0
2.2
19
3.2
3
2
0.8
<0.03
0.5
0.1
0.5
10,000
0.5
0.3
17
2.0
3.0
24
(continued)
-------
o
(XI
ft
N)
^.
*>>
00
o
TABLE B-2 (continued)
t->
00
Treatment technique
Gas flotation with chemical addition
Gas Alum, CaCl,
Pollutant flotation Alum polymer polymer Polymer
Toxic pollutants, M9/L (cont'd):
Endrin aldehyde
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
cr-BHC
8-BHC
Y-BHC
6-BHC
Aroclor 1242 0.5
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1260
Aroclor 1016 7.9
Toxaphene
Antimony 2,200 <20. 64
Arsenic 3.5 < 10
Beryllium
Cadmium 40 <2.5 5
Chromium 300 360 280 28
Copper 5 660 330 66
Lead 110 1,000 120 <40
Mercury 0.6 1 <0.2
Nickel 52 270 <50 48
Selenium 8.5 <1 2
Silver 66 <17 29
Thallium 50 14
Zinc 27,000 2,300 £130 120
Other pollutants:
Ammonia-nitrogen, mg/L
Asbes tos , f iber s/L
Chlorine, total residual, pg/L
Filtration
4.0
55
480
650
480
480
480
53
7
1.6
5
34
30
62
0.5
50
41
<9
<10
150
3x10"
Ultra-
filtration
<10
67
<500
5,000
0.6
<500
<10,000
(continued)
-------
TABLE B-2 (continued)
rt
(D
Treatment technique
Gas flotation with chemical addition
ro Gas Alum,CaCl,Ultra-
*-s. Pollutant flotation Alum polymer polymer Polymer Filtration filtration
Other pollutants (cont'd):
CO Fluoride, pg/L
O oil and grease, mg/L 170 12.5 100 156 27 11 55
Phosphorus, total, mg/L 12.2 12.3 1.0 2
Aluminum, pg/L
Iron, pg/L
Molybdenum, pg/L
Manganese, pg/L
Acetaldehyde, pg/L
Acetic acid, pg/L
Acetone, pg/L
Ammonia, mg/L
Butyric acid, pg/L
< .
Calcium, pg/L
> Chloride, pg/L
I Chlorine, total, mg/L
vo chromium (+3), pg/L 610
Chromium (+6), pg/L 20
Chromium (dissolved), pg/L
Cyanide, pg/L 290 25 23 5,000
Dichlorobenzenes, pg/L <10 260
Methyl ethyl ketone, pg/L
Nickel (dissolved), pg/L
m-p-Cresol, pg/L
o-Cresol, pg/L
Propionic acid, pg/L
Radium (dissolved), PicoCi/L
Radium, total, PicoCi/L
Styrene, pg/L
TDS, mg/L
Xylenes, pg/L
Note: Blanks indicate data not available in literature.
^Pollutants are listed in the same order as that in the Draft Consolidated Permit Form [3].
The concentration was reported as "not detected."
cThe concentration was reported as "below detection limit."
-------
D
0)
ft
TABLE B-3. MEDIAN OBSERVED EFFLUENT CONCENTRATIONS
00
O
I
NJ
O
Pollutant3
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD5
COD
TSS
TKN
TOC
Toxic pollutants, mg/L:
Cyanide, total
Phenols, total
Toxic pollutants, M9/L:
Acenaphthene
Acrolein
.Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Benzidine
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
1,2, 4-Trichlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene
1 , 2-Dichloroe thane
1,1, 1-Trichloroethane
Hexachloroe thane
1 , 1-Dichloroe thane
'1,1, 2-Triehloroethane
1,1,2, 2-Tetrachloroethane
Chloroe thane
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
2-Chloronaphthalene
2,4, 6-Trichlorophenol
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Chloroform
2-Chlorophenol
Acti-
vated
sludge
32
440
62
280
0.032
<0.04
-------
o
0)
rt
(D
TABLE B-3 (continued)
Treatment technique
NJ
00
O
<
>
Pollutant
Acti- Lagoons Rotating
vated Trickling Facul- Tertiary biological Steam Solvent
sludge filters Aerated Anaerobic tative Aerobic polishing contactors stripping extraction
Toxic pollutants (cont'd), H9/L: .
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 0.3 <10
1,3-Dichlorobenzene .
1.4-Dichlorobenzene 0.9 <10
3,3*-Dichlorobenzidine
1,1-Dichloroethylene
1,2-rrans-dichloroethylene 16,000
2,4-Dichlorophenol <7
1,2-Dichloropropane < 5.4
1,3-Dichloropropylene
2,4-DimethyIpheno1 9
2,4-Dinitrotoluene 3
2,6-Dinitrotoluene 390 2
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine 340 14.
Ethylbenzene <0.2 <10D 4,000
Fluoranthene 2.0 <2
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether 18 .
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether <2
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)niethane <10b 130,000
Methylene chloride 9.0 1,0 130
Methyl chloride
Methyl bromide
Bromoform 3.0
Dichlorobromoraethane
-------
o
Q>
ft
TABLE B-3 (continued)
N)
CD
O
<
1
ro
N)
Pollutant3
Toxic pollutants (cont'd), M9/L
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
2 , 4-Dini trophenol
4, 6-Dinitro-o-phenol
N-nitrosodimethylamine
N-nitrosodiphenylamine
N-ni troso-di -n-propy 1 amine
Pentachlorophenol
Phenol
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Benz ( a ) anthracene
Benzo( a )pyrene
Benzo ( b ) f luoranthene
Benzo ( k ) f luoranthene
Chrysene
Acenaphthylene
Anthr acene/phenanthr ene
Benzo ( ghi .) perylene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene/anthracene
Dibenz ( ah ) anthracene
Indeno(l,2, 3-cd)pyrene
Pyrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl chloride
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Chlordane
4,4' -DDT
Acti-
vated Trickling
sludge filters
<0.4
<0.9
<0.8
<10.5
<0.4 3
<0.07 37
12 6
11
<2 6
5,000
<0.03 140
<0.03
1.0
1.2
<0.02
1.2
<0.02
0.2
<0.9
8
<0.5 1
Treatment technique
Lagoons Rotating
Facul- Tertiary biological
Aerated Anaerobic tative Aerobic polishing contactors
<10
1
b
-------
D
PI
rt
TABLE B-3 (continued)
Treatment technique"
Pollutant
Acti- Lagoons Rotating
vated Trickling Facul- Tertiary biological Steam Solvent
sludge filters Aerated Anaerobic tative Aerobic polishing contactors stripping extraction
00
o
Toxic pollutants (cont'd), pg/L:
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDD
a-Endosulfan
U)
p-Endosulfan
Endosulfan sulfate
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Reptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
a-BHC
9-BHC
Y-BHC
6-BHC
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1260
Aroclor 1016
Toxaphene
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Sliver
Thallium
1.5
3.5 30
<8.0
4.0 <2
28 17 16
30 42 26
30 49 <50
0.7 0.1
38 32
41 <200
33
29 <16
-------
o
PJ
ft
ISO
CO
o
TABLE B-3 (continued)
<
I
Treatment technique
Pollutant
, Lagoons
vated Trickling Facul-Tertiary
sludge filters Aerated Anaerobic tative Aerobic polishing
Rotating
biological
contactors
Steam
stripping
Solvent
extractioi
Other pollutants:
Ammonia-nitrogen, mg/L
Asbestos, fibers/L
Chlorine, total residual, pg/L 81
Fluoride, pg/L
Oil and grease, mg/L 25 17 29
Phosphorus, total, mg/L 3.6 34
Aluminum, pg/L
Iron, pg/L
Molybdenum, pg/L
Manganese, pg/L
Acetaldehyde, pg/L 35
Acetic acid, pg/L 2,300
Acetone, pg/L 16 000
Ammonia, mg/L
Butyric acid, pg/L 320
Calcium, pg/L
Chloride, pg/L
Chlorine, total, mg/L
Chromium (+3), pg/L
Chromium (+6), pg/L
Chromium (dissolved), M9/L
Cyanide, pg/L 24 16 100
Dichlorobenzenes, pg/L
Methyl ethyl ketone, pg/L 1,900,000
Nickel (dissolved), pg/L
m-p-Cresol, pg/L 25 000
o-Cresol, pg/L 31,000
Propionic acid, pg/L 480
Radium (dissolved), PicoCi/L
Radium, total, PicoCi/L
Styrene, pg/L <1,000
TDS, mg/L
Xylenes, pg/L <2.0 2.0 <1,000
Note: Blanks indicate data not available in literature.
Pollutants are listed in the same order as that in the Draft Consolidated Permit Form [3].
The concentration was reported as "not detected."
The concentration was reported as "below detection limit."
-------
o
(u
.
*>.
00
o
__^ _ _ _ Treatment technique
Activated carbon absorption Chemical
Pollutant
Powdered Powdered oxidation
with without (chlo- Air Ion Reverse Dechlo- Chemical
Granular sludge sludge rination) stripping exchange osmosis rination Ozonation reduction
NJ
Ul
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD5
COD
TSS
TKN
TOC
Toxic pollutants, mg/L:
Cyanide, total
Phenols, total
13
176
12.5
86
13
98
54
28
38
0.013
565
96
30
162
51,000
0.017
Toxic pollutants, ^g/L:
Acenaphthene <0.04 0.8
Acrolein 700,000
Acrylonitrile 1.0
Benzene 9.8 20,000
Benzidine
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene < 0.2 20,000
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene <0.09 20,000
Bexachlorobenzene 20,000
1,2-Dichloroethane 31,000. 190,000
1,1,1-Trichloroethane <10
Bexachloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethane <^"b
1,1,2-Trichloroethane <10
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
_«_______E.__oo>v_^«->_-.^av«._ >__>. _ MDO:M,ta.«».»ii.«a».««»
Chloroethane 63
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether 44
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
2-Chloronaphthalene
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
p-Chloro-m-cresol
-------
D
0J
ri-
TABLE B-4 (continued)
Treatment technique
GO
O
<
I
Pollutant
Activated carbon absorption Chemical
Powdered Powdered oxidation)
with without (chlo- Air Ion Reverse Dechlo- Chemical
Granular sludge sludge rination) stripping exchange osmosis rination Ozonation reduction
Toxic pollutants (cont'd):
1,2-Dichlorobenzene <0.05 20,000
1,3-Dichlorobenzene 20,000
1,4-Dichlorobenzene 20,000
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
1,1-Dichloroethylene
1,2-rrans-dichloroethylene 2 .1
2,4-Dichlorophenol
1,2-Dichloropropane <5.4 70,000
1,3-Dichloropropylene
2,4-Dimethylphenol <0.1
2,4-Dinitrotoluene 20,000
2,6-Dinitrotoluene 20,000
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Ethylbenzene <0.2 18,000
Fluoranthene <0.02 0.1
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
Methylene chloride 18 5 38
Methyl chloride 45
Methyl bromide
Bromoform
Dichlorobromomethane
Dichlorodi fluoromethane
Trichlorofluoromethane 69
Dichlorofluoromethane
Chlorodibromomethane
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Isophorone 30,000,
Naphthalene <10
Nitrobenzene 20,000
(continued)
-------
a
01
rt
(0
N)
00
O
TABLE B-4 (continued)
i
NJ
-J
Pollutant*
Toxic pollutants (cont'd):
2-Nitrophenol
4-Hitrophenol
2 , 4-Dinitrophenol
4, 6-Dinitro-o-cresol
N-nitrosodimethylamine
N-nitrosodiphenylainine
N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine
Pentachl or opheno 1
Phenol
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Benz ( a ) anthracene
Benzo( a )pyrene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo ( k ) fluor anthene
Chrysene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene/phenanthrene
Benzo(ghi )perylene
Fluorene
Fhenanthrene/anthracene
Dibenz ( ah ) anthracene
Indenoj 1,2, 3-cd)pyrene
Pyrene
Te trachloroethylene
Toluene
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl chloride
Aldrin
Activated carbon absorption Chemical
Powdered Powdered oxidation
with without (chlo-
Granular sludge sludge rination)
<0.07
<1.7
0.9 <10C
17 <10b
<0.03
0.4
55
1.4
<0.02
<0.02
0.1
0.1
<0.01
32
1.3 67,000
2.8
6,700
Treatment technique
Air Ion Reverse
stripping exchange osmosis
0.7
3.0
1.0
110
0.7
0.7
18
20
0.4
Dechlo- Chemical
rination Ozonation reduction
100
<0.03
2.7
<0.02
<0.02
0.2
0.2
0.1
1.0
0.9
(continued)
-------
D
0)
r*
(0
to
u
00
o
TABLE B-4 (continued)
^ Treatment technique
Activated carbon absorption Chemical
Powdered Powdered oxidation
a with without (chlo- Air Ion Reverse Dechlo- Chemical
Pollutant Granular sludge sludge rination) stripping exchange osmosis rination Ozonation reduction
Toxic pollutants (cont'd):
Dieldrin
Chlordane
4,4'-DDT
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDD
a-Endosulfan
p -Endosul fan
Endosulfan sulfate
Endrin
I
N)
CO
Endrin aldehyde
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
or-BHC
p-BHC
Y-BHC
6-BHC
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1260
Aroclor 1016
Toxaphene
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Si Lver
Thai 1 lum
Zinc
-------
o
TABLE B-4 (continued)
ft
Treatment technique
Activated carbon absorption Chemical
Powdered Powdered oxidation
to a with without (chlo- Air Ion Reverse Dechlo- chemical
~s. Pollutant Granular sludge sludge rination) stripping exchange osmosis rination Ozonation reduction
\ Other pollutants:
GO Ammonia-nitrogen 120 41
O Asbestos
Chlorine, total residual 0.02
Fluoride
Oil and grease 8 13 <60 4
Phosphorus, total 1.9 1.1
Aluminum
Iron
Molybdenum 1,300
Manganese
Acetaldehyde
Acetic acid
<
Acetone
f* Ammonia
I Butyric acid
Calcium
Chloride
Chlorine, total
Chromium (+3) 15
Chromium (+6) <20 <20 10 10
Chromium (dissolved)
Cyanide <18 20 30 51,000 65 22 190
Dichlorobenzenes
Methyl ethyl ketone
Nickel (dissolved)
m-p-Cresol
o-Cresol
Propionic acid
Radium (dissolved) <1.0
Radium, total 7.2
Styrene
TDS 140
Xylenes
Note: Blanks indicate data not available in literature.
aPollutants are listed in the same order as that in the Draft Consolidated Permit Form 13].
Values were reported as zero.
cActual data show higher concentration in stream leaving control equipment than in stream entering control equipment.
-------
APPENDIX C
MEDIAN REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES
Date: 2/4/80 V.A-30
-------
D
0)
rt
M
00
O
Toxic pollutants:
Cyanide, total
Phenols, total
Acenaphthene
TABLE C-l. MEDIAN REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES
Treatment technioue
Pollutant3
Classical pollutants:
BODS
COD
TSS
TKN
TOC
Gravity
oil
separa- Sedimen-
tion tation
25
93
97
32
Sedimentation with chemical addition
Polymer
50
71
>99
82
Lime
52
32
71
18
Fe2*, Lime,
lime polymer
>99
>99
22
Barium
chloride
60
>89
49
Alum,
coagulant
aid
37
59
66
47
Alum
61 '
10
84
63
FeCl
60
>89
49
Alum,
Sulfide lime
41
B6
93
80
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Chloroethane
20
29
22
26
19
11
<
>
1
U)
M
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene >9 -c
Benzidine
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene -c
Hexachlorobenzene
1 , 2-Dichloroethane > 70
1,1, 1-Trichloroe thane 33
Bexachloroethane
1 . 1-Dichloroethane > 0
1,1, 2-Trichloroe thane
-c 49 50
90 91
30 -c
-c 46
_c
30
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
2-Chloronaphthalene
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
p-Chloro-»-cresol
44
Chloroform
2-Chlorophenol
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
44
>0
_c _c
25
>99
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
(continued)
-------
o
0)
ft
0>
TABLE C-l (continued)
Pollutant*
Gravity
oil
separa- Sedimen-
tion tation Polymer
Treatment technique
Lime
.
Fe2 ,
lime
Sedimentation with chemical addition
Alum,
Lime, Barium
polymer chloride
coagulant
aid
Alum,
Alum FeCl Sulfide lime
gg Toxic pollutants (cont'd):
o 1,1-Dichloroethylene 98
1,2-rrans-dichloroethylene -c -c 28
2,4-Dichlorophenol -c
\.2-Dichloropropane 59
1,3-Dichloropropylene
2,4-Dimethylphenol >0 >76
2,4-Dinitrotoluene 80
2,6-Oinitrotoluene 80 >79
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Ethylbenzene 55h 81 75 -c 99
Fluoranthene <1° >97
. 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
Kj, 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
I Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
(jj --------------------------------------_------__-..--___..__-__.____
to Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
Methylene chloride 31 -c 78 13
Methyl chloride 77
Methyl bromide
BroBofor*
Dichlorobronomethane
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
Dichlorof luoromethane
ChlorodibroBoaethane >77 >SO
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyc1opentadi ene
Isophorone >49
Naphthalene >41 49 70
Nitrobenzene >52 68
2-Nitrophenol >47
4-Nitrophenol >0 >9
2,4-Dinitrophenol >0
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol 48 -c
N-nitrosodimethylamine
N-nitrosodiphenylamine >77
(continued)
-------
D
rt
(D
N>
CO
o
TABLE C-l (continued)
U)
U)
Pollutant3
Toxic pollutants (cont'd):
N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine
Pentachlorophenol
Phenol
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Benz ( a ) anthracene
Benzo ( a ) pyrene
Benzo (b ) fluoranthene
Benzo ( k ) fluoranthene
Cnrysene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene/phenanthrene
Benzo ( ghi )pery lene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene/anthracene
Dibenz ( ah ) anthracene
Indeno( 1,2, 3 -cd) pyrene
Pyrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Trichloroe thy lene
Vinyl chloride
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Chlordane
4, 4' -DDT
4, 4 '-DDE
4,4'-DDD
a-Endosulfan
p-Endosulfan
Endosulfan sulfate
Treatment technique
Gravity Sedimentation with chemical addition
oil Alum,
separa- Sedimen- Fe2 , Lime, Barium coagulant Alum,
tion tation Polymer Lime lime polymer chloride aid Alum FeCl Sulfide lime
55,, >96.
>0a 14 18 >1 >86
16 >48 49 48 78 -C 48 -°
>48. >99 54 >99
>0Q 50 99 >78
>49 92
- >98 >99
>49
>92 >81
80 -C -C
83
>57.
>0a >92 99C
>64 -C >0
>17 *'
>79 50
_c _c
>69 -c >70
>28 -C >0 -° -C 95
>0 20 -C -C 52
(continued)
-------
o
0>
ri-
ft)
TABLE C-l (continued)
OO
O
i
u>
*>.
Pollutant"
Toxic pollutants (cont'd):
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
o-BHC
P-BHC
y-BHC
6-BHC
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1260
Aroclor 1016
Toxaphene
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Other pollutants:
Ammonia-nitrogen
Asbestos
Chlorine, total residual
Gravity
oil
separa- Sedimen-
tion tation Polymer Lime
50 44 40
>93 >70
>84
77 25 >38
>94 >96 62
86 52 87
89 46 73
>50 >62 -
>77 35 43
80 -
>90 10
<66 58
86 89 85
>99 95
Treatment technique
Sedimentation with chemical addition
+ Alum,
Fe2 , Lime, Barium coagulant Alum,
lime polymer chloride aid Alum FeCl Sulfide lime
>29
-c >0 -C -C >0
>77 37 17 29 19 17 >99
>82
24 8 42 44 >50
45 89 72 90 45 72 >97
83 95 >62 58 >73h >62 >98
>25 >73 42 56 <1D 42 >93
>30 - 87 74 >34 87 >99
20 86C c 9 25 >11
4 -C -C 21 5 -C >90
>5S
92 99 65 70 70 65 >98
>99 38
(continued)
-------
D TABLE C-l (continued)
rt
Treatment technique"
Gravity Sedimentation with chemical addition
oil + Alum,
a separa- Sedimen- Fe2 , Lime, Barium coagulant Alum,
7^ Pollutant tion tation Polymer Lime lime polymer chloride aid Alum FeCl Sulfide lime
^ Other pollutants (cont'd):
rr Fluoride 72 72 92
u Oil and grease 99 98 7t 84 80 99 >98
Phosphorus, total 3 77 H >7S
Aluminum 90
Iron >98
Molybdenum
Manganese 99
Acetaldehyde
Acetic acid
Acetone
Ammonia
Butyric acid
, Calcium 57
j,, Chloride 26
I Chlorine, total
w .
l_n Chromium (+3) .
Chromium (+6) <1D 41
Chromium (dissolved) >99 99
Cyanide -c 65 -c >70
Dichlorobenzenes
Methyl ethyl ketone
Nickel (dissolved) >99 99
a-p-Cresol
o-Cresol
Propionic acid
Radium (dissolved) 82
Radium, total 91
Styrene
TDS
Xylenes
Mote: Blanks indicate data not available in literature.
"Pollutants are listed in the same order as that in the Draft Consolidated Permit Form [3].
Values were reported as zero.
Actual data show higher concentration in stream leaving control equipment than in stream entering control equipment.
-------
0
Hi
rt
0>
to
oo
o
TABLE C-2.
U)
(Ti
MEDIAN REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES
(Percent)
Pollutant
Gas
flotation
Treatment technique
Gas flotation with chemical addition
Alum
Alum,
polymer
CaCl,
polymer
Polymer Filtration
Ultra-
filtration
Classical pollutants:
BOD,
COD
TSS
TKN
TOC
4
48
77
60
51
68
25
64
66
88
50
47
20
33
36
24
24
67
13
64
53
99
76
Toxic pollutants:
Cyanide, total
Phenols, total 4 13 1 42 8 32
Acenaphthene 73
Acrolein _c >ee
Acrylonitrile
Benzene _c 33 14
Benzidine
Carbon tetrachloride 76 50 89
Chlorobenzene _c
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 37
Hexachlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane _c
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 74 22 >4 >88
Bexachloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethane -c
1,1,2-Trichloroethane -c
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane -c
Chloroethane
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
2-Chloronaphthalene 3 _c
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol _c 80
p-Chloro-a-cresol _c
Chloroform >0 -c 20 41 -c
2-Chlorophenol _c
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 55
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
(continued)
-------
o
ID
ft
TABLE C-2 (continued)
Treatment technique
ro
oo
o
i
U)
Pollutant"
Gas flotation with chemical addition
Gas Alum, CaCl,
flotation Alum polymer polymer Polymer
Filtration
Ultra-
filtration
Toxic pollutants (cont'd):
1,1-Dichloroethylene > 52
1,2-rrans-dichloroethylene -c
2,4-Dichlorophenol -c 33.5
1,2-Dichloropropane -c
1,3-Dichloropropylene
2,4-Dimethylphenol >99 -c -c
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Ethylbenzene >99 - 30 59 >82
Fluoranthene - 29
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
4-Bronophenyl phenyl ether
Bis(2-chloroiaopropyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)nethane
Nethylene chloride 84 <1° 61 -c
Methyl chloride -c
Methyl bronide
Bromoform
DichlorobroBomethane >85
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Trichlorofluoromethane >50
Dichlorofluoromethane
Chlorodibromomethane
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Isophorone >9S
Naphthalene 136 52 SO >65 70
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
N-nitrosodimethylamine
N-nitrosodiphenylamine 66
(continued)
-------
a
o>
rt
(D
OO
O
U)
00
TABLE C-2 (continued)
Treatment technique
Gas
Pollutant flotation
Toxic pollutants (cont'd):
N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine
Pentachlorophenol
Phenol 51
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate -°
Butyl benzyl phthalate >99
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate >17
Dimethyl phthalate
Benz ( a ) anthracene
Benzo ( a )pyrene
Benzo ( b ) fluoranthene
Gas flotation with chemical
Alum, CaCl,
Alum polymer polymer
c
-C 57
25 72
-K "99
99 64.
>61 <1
61 64
38
>98
_C
_c
Benzo ( k ) fluoranthene
Chrysene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene/phenanthrene
Benzo ( ghi )perylene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene/anthracene
Dibenz ( ah ) anthracene
I ndeno ( 1 , 2 , 3 -cd ) pyr ene
Pyrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl chloride
Aldiin
Dieldrin
Chlordane
4,4' -DOT
4,4' -DDE
4 4 '-ODD
u-Endosulfan
p-Endosulfan
Endosulfan sulfate
45
83
45
83
>10
10
6
43
<1"
-------
TABLE C-2 (continued)
rt
(D
to
00
o
i
U)
Pollutant"
Toxic pollutants (cont'd):
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
o-BHC
P-BHC
Y-BHC
6-BHC
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1260
Arcclor 1016
Toxaphene
Antimony
Arsenic
fiery1 liun
Cadni JB
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Other pollutants:
Ammonia-nitrogen
Asbestos
Chlorine, total residual
Treatment technique
Gas flotation with chemical addition
Gas Alum, CaCl,
flotation Alum polymer polymer Polymer Filtration
38
21
16
20
16
16
"
6 >51 -C 21h
56 >13 <1D
K 22
<1D >96 -r. 57
40 19 >^50 - 21
69 19. 79 42 34
49,. <1D 98 15 36
- 33 >80 >37
_c 41 >67 _c 7
4! 24 -C -C
-c -c >55
11 10 96 >38 36
>99
Ultra-
filtration
>90
67
>74
15
>32
94
(continued)
-------
a TABLE C-2 (continued)
rt
(D
Treatment technique
Gas flotation with chemical addition
ro a Gas Alum, CaCl. Ultra-
-^ Pollutant flotation Alum polymer polymer Polymer Filtration filtration
Oi
~^ Other pollutants (cont'd):
OO Fluoride
O Oil and grease 74 92 74 79 59 20 85
Phosphorus, total 49 48 -c 30
Aluminum
Iron
Molybdenum
Manganese
Acetaldehyde
Acetic acid
Acetone
Ammonia
Butyric acid
< Calcium
Chloride
> Chlorine, total
I
^ Chromium (+3)
O Chromium (+6)
Chromium (dissolved)
Cyanide -c >61 -c 14 -c -c
Di chlorobenzenes
Methyl ethyl ketone
Nickel (dissolved)
m-p-Cresol
o-Cresol
Propionic acid
Radium (dissolved)
Radium, total
Styrene
TDS
Xylenes
Note: Blanks indicate data not available in literature.
aPollutants are listed in the same order as that in the Draft Consolidated Permit Form (3).
Values were reported as zero.
cActual data show higher concentration in stream leaving control equipment than in stream entering
control equipment.
-------
a
fa
rt
(D
TABLE C-3. MEDIAN REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES
CO
00
o
Pollutant3
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Treatment technique
Acti-
vated Trickling
Lagoons
Rotating
_ ^ _
Facul- Tertiary biological Steam Solvent
sludge filters Aerated Anaerobic tative Aerobic polishing contactors stripping extraction
Classical pollutants:
BODS
COD
TSS
TKN
TOC
93
67
44
69
93
23
59
86
62
45
77
45
78
39
90 91
62
74
50
26
50
72
40
_C
33
62
72
SO
35
Toxic pollutants:
Cyanide, total
Phenols, total
Acenaphthene
79
65 >96
>99
65h
81
>65
41
50
80
96
Benzidine
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
>98
84
1,2, 4-Trichlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene
1 , 2 -Dichloroe thane
1,1, 1-Trichloroe thane
Hexachloroe thane
1, 1-Dichloroethane
1,1, 2-Trichloroethane
95
>45 >0
>85 96
>9
>9
>99
9
>99_
89
92
1 , 1 , 2 , 2-Tetrachloroethane
Chloroe thane
>22
Bis(chloromethyl) ether >83
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether >47
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
2-Chloronaphthalene
2 , 4 , 6-Trichlorophenol
p-Chloro-a-cresol
50
>18
80
>47
>99
Chloroform
2-Chlorophenol
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
>78
46
>86
>50
>96
>99
1 , 3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Oichlorobenzene
3,3' -Dichlorobenzidine
>93
>81
(continued)
-------
o
pi
ft
m
TABLE C-3 (continued)
CO
O
to
Treatment technique
Pollutant
Acti- Lagoons Rotating
vated Trickling Facul- Tertiary biological Steam Solvent
sludge filters Aerated Anaerobic tative Aerobic polishing contactors stripping extraction
Toxic pollutants (cont'd):
1,1-Dichloroethylene
1.2-rnuis-dichloroethylene 99
2.4-Dichlorophenol >2S
1,2-Dichloropropane >67
1,3-Dichloropropylene
2,4-DiBethylphenol -
2,4-Dinitrotoluene -c
2,6-Dinitrotoluene -~ 83
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Ethylbenzene >98b >89 97
Fluoranthene <1 >0
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether 95 >0
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)Bethane >60
Methylene chloride -c -c 97 81
Methyl chloride >91
Methyl bromide
Bromoforv -F
Dichlorobromomethane <1
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Trichlorofluoromethane -c >79
Dichlorofluoromethane
Chlorodibromomethane
Hexachlorobutadiene
Bexachlorocyclopentadiene
Isophorone >0 33
Naphthalene >95 -° >28 >82
Nitrobenzene >0
2-Nitrophenol >99
4-Nitrophenol >99
2.4-Dinitrophenol >23
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
N-nitrosodiuethylamine
N-nitrosodiphenylamine >84 67
N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine
(continued)
-------
D
01
rt
0>
TABLE C-3 (continued)
00
O
i
*>.
U)
Treatment technique
Lagoons
Rotating
Pollutant3
Actl-
vated Trickling Facul-Tertiary biological Steam Solvent
sludge filters Aerated Anaerobic tative Aerobic polishing contactors stripping extraction
Toxic pollutants (cont'd):
Pentachlorophenol 89 -~. >71
Phenol 98 - >61 80
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 24 83 >78
Butyl benzyl phthalate -c -c <1?
Di-n-butyl phthalate 84 25 <1
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate >85 -c -c
Dimethyl phthalate >99 25
Benz(a)anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene 33
Benzo(b)fluoranthene 97
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Chryaene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene/phenanthrene 68
Benzo< ghi(perylene
Fluorene >99 99
Phenanthrene/anthracene 68
Dibenz(ah)anthracene
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene >99
Pyrene -c 67
Tetrachloroethylene >93 >60 >99
Toluene 62 >90 95
Trichloroethylene >96 - 54
vinyl chloride
Aldrin
Oieldrin
Chlordane
4,4'-DDT
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDD
o-Endosulfan
p-Endosulfan
(continued)
-------
o
01
ft
ro
TABLE C-3 (continued)
to
oo
o
Treatment technique
Pollutant
Acti- Lagoons ^__ Rotating
vated Trickling Facul- Tertiary biological Steam Solvent
sludge filters Aerated Anaerobic tative Aerobic polishing contactors stripping extraction
Toxic pollutants (cont'd):
EndoEulfan sulfate
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
a-BHC
76
p-BHC
y-BHC
6-BHC
<
I
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1260
Aroclor 1016
Toxaphene
Antimony
82
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
>39
>50
>97
Chromium
Copper
Lead
48
57
44
91
36
87
>72
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
>29
>99.
50
44
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Other pollutants:
Ammonia-nitrogen
Asbestos
Chlorine, total residual
20
38
30
>44
61
43
94
(continued)
-------
rt
0>
TABLE C-3 (continued)
00
°
a
Pollutant
Acti-
vated
sludge
Treatment technique
Trickling
filters
Lagoons
Aerated Anaerobic
Facul-
tative
Aerobic
_
Tertiary
polishing
Rotating
biological
contactors
Steam
stripping
Solvent
extraction
Other pollutants (cont'd):
Fluoride
Oil and grease 86 98 6
Phosphorus, total 31 11 -
Aluminum
Iron
Molybdenum
Manganese
Acetaldehyde 56
Acetic acid -c
Acetone 52
Ammonia
Butyric acid -c
Calcium
Chloride
Chlorine, total
Chromium (+3)
Chromium (+6)
Chromium (dissolved)
Cyanide -c 79 45
Dichlorobenzenes
Methyl ethyl ketone 51
Nickel (dissolved)
B-p-Cresol 91
o-Cresol 90
Propionic acid -c
Radium (dissolved)
Radium, total
Styrene 93
TDS
Xylenes >o -c 97
Note: Blanks indicate data not available in literature.
Pollutants are listed in the same order as that in the Draft Consolidated Permit Form [3].
Values were reported as zero.
Actual data show higher concentration in stream leaving control equipment than in stream entering control equipment.
-------
D
0)
rt
n>
NJ
00
o
TABLE C-4. MEDIAN REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES
Treatment technique
Pollutant*
Activated carbon absorption Chemical
Powdered Powdered oxidation,
with without (chlor- Air Ion Reverse Dechlo- Chemical
Granular sludge sludge rination) stripping exchange osmosis rination Ozonation reduction
Classical pollutants:
BODS
COD
TSS
TKN
TOC
52
50
38
55
96
91
96
90
28
48
87
92
>87
92
SO
15
Toxic pollutants:
Cyanide, total 60
Phenols, total 69 >99 2 24
Acenaphthene > 93 73
Acrolein 30
Acrylonitrile
Benzene 64 95 SO
^ Benzidine
' Carbon tetrachloride
y Chlorobenzene > 96
Tfs. " "" ~ * «__ __«__..___________________..___.._________.__
g^ 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene >99
Hexachlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethane 98 81
1,1,1-Trichloroethane >99
Hexachloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethane >99
1,1,2-Trichloroethane >99
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Chloroethane >99
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether 53
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
2-Chloronaphthalene
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
p-Chloro-m-cxesol >83
Chloroform 74 -c
2-Chlorophenol 81
1,2-Dichlorobenzene >99
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
(continued)
-------
$ TABLE C-4 (continued)
rt
(D
Treatment technique
Activated carbon absorptionChemical
Powdered Powdered oxidation,
with without (chlo- Air Ion Reverse Dechlo- Chemical
Granular sludge sludge rination) stripping exchange osmosis rination Ozonation reduction
Toxic pollutants (cont'd):
1,1-Dichloroethylene
1,2-Trans-dichloroethylene . -c
2,4-Dichlorophenol
1,2-Dichloropropane >64 93
1,3-Dichloropropylene
2,4-Dimethylphenol >89
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Ethylbenzene 82 50
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
4-Broraophenyl phenyl ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
Methylene chloride 22 10 -c
Methyl chloride _°
Methyl bromide
Bromoforra
Dichlorobromomethane
Dichlorodi fluoromethane
Trichlorofluoromethane -c
Dichlorofluoromethane
Chlorodibromcmethane
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
""~""~ "e~ *» » - - - ..... ___ _B__HV_«VVM_ B*BWW«*W*B
Isophorone 97
Naphthalene >96
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
N-nitrosodimethylamine
N-nitrosodiphenylaraine >82
(continued)
-------
O TABLE C-4 (continued)
DJ
rt
Treatment technique
Activated carbon absorption Chemical
Powdered Powdered oxidation,
wjth without (chlor- Air Ion Reverse Dechlo- Chemical
Granular sludge sludge rination) stripping exchange osmosis rination Ozonation reduction
Toxic pollutants (cont'd):
OO N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine
O Pentachlorophenol >76
Phenol 50 >83 25
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate -c >97 67 -c
Butyl benzyl phthalate >97 >97
Di-n-butyl phthalate 76 75 77
Di-n-octyl phthalate 91
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate 30
Benz(a)anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene >93 >90
Benzo(b)fluoranthene >8°
^ Benzo(k)fluoranthene >80
. Chrysene
>p Acenaphthylene
£» Anthracene/phenanthrene 67 77 48
OO Benzo(ghiJperylene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene/anthracene 67 77 48
Dibenz(ah)anthracene
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
Pyrene >93 <1 67
Tetrachloroethylene 68
Toluene 24 79 -C 15
Trichloroethylene 29 60
Vinyl chloride
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Chlordane
c
c
4,4'-DDT
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDD
er-Endosul f an
p-Endosulfan
Endosulfan sulfate
(continued)
-------
D
DJ
rt
(D
TABLE C-4 (continued)
00
o
I
Oi.
VO
Pollutant*
Toxic pollutants (cont'd):
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Beptachlor
Beptachlor epoxide
a-BHC
p-BHC
Y-BHC
fi-BHC
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1260
Aroclor 1016
Toxaphene
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Other pollutants:
Ammonia-nitrogen
Asbestos
Chlorine, total residual
Treatment technique
Activated carbon absorption Chemical
Powdered Powdered oxidation,
with without (chlor- Air Ion Reverse Dechlo- Chemical
Granular sludqe sludqe rination) stripping exchange osmosis rination Ozonation reduction
>47
10h -c 5 30 -c
<1 >92 24
_c >.,
34 88 >99 >60 -c 58
>53 61 14 >98 80 -°
2. 39_ -c 99 >25 >29 25
<1 - 4
10 >0 >99 47 -°
9b 6 77 C
<1D >99 17 -
52 -C 50 97 97 -° 97
82
(continued)
-------
o
P)
n-
n>
NJ
TABLE C-4 (continued)
Treatment technique
Activated carbon absorption Chemical
Powdered Powdered oxidation,
a with without (chlor- Air Ion Reverse Dechlo- Chemical
Pollutant Granular sludge sludge rination) stripping exchange osmosis rination Ozonation reduction
0° Other pollutants (cont'd):
° Fluoride
Oil and grease 24. 54 >43 97
Phosphorus, total <1 ' <1
Aluminum
Iron
Molybdenum 94
Manganese
Acetaldehyde
Acetic acid
Acetone
Ammonia 36 90
Butyric acid
*C """ --- ------- - - -- - - ---- - --- -__.._._..»««.__
' Calcium
> Chloride
1 Chlorine, total
U1 ----------------______________________
° Chromium (+3) >99
Chromium (+6) >33 >60 -c
Chromium (dissolved)
Cyanide >63 >67 84 98 >41 93
Dichlorobenzenes
Methyl ethyl ketone
Nickel (dissolved)
n-p-Cresol
o-Cresol
Propionic acid
Radium (dissolved) >99
Radium, total 99
Styrene
TDS 95
Xylenes
Note: Blanks indicate data not available in literature.
Pollutants are listed in the same order as that in the Draft Consolidated Permit Form [3].
Values were reported as zero.
Actual data show higher concentration in stream leaving control equipment than in stream entering control equipment.
-------
APPENDIX D
POLLUTANT TREATABILITY INDEX
Date: 2/4/80 V.A-51
-------
o
0)
rt
(D
TABLE D-l. POLLUTANT TREATABILITY INDEX
00
O
<
*
I
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
BODs Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical
Addition (Alum)
Sedimentation with Chemical
Addition (Alum, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical
Addition (Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical
Addition (FeCla)
Sedimentation with Chemical
Addition (Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical
Addition (Alum, Lime)
Gas Flotation with Chemical
Addition (Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical
Addition (Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical
Addition (Lime, Polymer)
Filtration
7
5
10
3
1
2
2
2
3
4
1
1
1
16
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
lig/L
980,
3,
4,
476,
325,
39,
32,
180,
42B,
318,
112,
209,
486,
1,240,
2,
000
600
400
000
000
600
000
000*
000
000
000
000
000
000
400
Volume III
page(s)
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
2-18
3-64
3-15
3-36
3-49
3-43
3-47
5-6
S-13
5-12
5-17
5-10
5-11
5-16
6-15
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency,
69
82
79
57
85
98
82
70
68
>50
84
66
65
51
Volume III
page(s)
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
2-17
3-13
3-48
3-35
3-49
3-43
3-47
5-13
5-9
5-3
5-10
5-11
5-16
6-12
-------
n-
n>
10
TABLE D-l (continued)
00
O ___-_ _^___
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
BOD9 (continued) Ultrafiltration
Activated Sludge
^
| Trickling Filters
U) Lagoon (Aerated)
Lagoon (Aerobic)
Lagoon (Facultative)
Lagoon (Anaerobic)
Rotating Biological Contactors
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge)
Reverse Osmosis
donation
Number
of data
points
12
87
14
24
5
4
a
4
20
24
22
4
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
ug/L
12,000
<5,000a
<5.000*
<5,000
99
98
>99
>99
92
>90
82
95
>99
99
10
Volume III
page (s I
4.7-14, 4.7-30
5.1-57, 5.1-66,
5.1-68, 5.1-78,
5.1-100
5.2-19, 5.2-24
5.3-18
5.3-67
5.3-47
5.3-57
5.4-7
6.1-61
6.2-23
6.9-40
6.14-14
-------
o
0)
ft-
0>
^ TABLE D-l (continued)
-«v
QQ _ _ _ _
O
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
COD Sedimentation 26
Sedimentation with Chemical
Addition (Alum) S
Sedimentation with Chemical
Addition (Alum, Polymer) 6
*^
Jj> Sedimentation with Chemical
| Addition (Lime) 11
S£ Sedimentation with Chemical
Addition (Lime, Polymer) 1
Sedimentation with Chemical
Addition (BaClz) 2
Sedimentation with Chemical
Addition (Polymer) 1
Sedimentation with Chemical
Addition (Alun, Lime) 2
Gas Flotation with Chemical
Addition (Alum, Polymer) 3
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer) 5
Gas Flotation with Chemical
Addition (Polymer) 2
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Sodium aluminate. Polymer) 1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
<2,000a
4,000
212,000
125,000*
9,500,000
8,000
2,000
4,000
8,000,000
212,000*
7,970,000
1,220,000
1,100,000
459,000*
725,000
1,800,000
Highest
observed
removal
Volume III efficiency. Volume III
paqe(s) % paqe(s)
4.2-36 >99 4.2-13, 4.2-15,
4.2-46 4.2-34, 4.2-51,
4.2-54, 4.2-84
4.3-13 78 4.3-13
4.3-54 80 4.3-17
4.3-20
4.3-74 84 4.3-75
4.3-61 >99 4.3-61
4.3-60 67 4.1-60
4.3-25 71 4.3-25
4.3-47 95 4 1-21
4.3-21
4.5-13 64 4.5-13
4.5-9 78 4.5-9
4.5-7 31 4.5-3
4.5-3
4.5-8 37 4.5-8
-------
D
Pi
ft
TABLE D-l (continued)
CD
o
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
COD (continued) Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Polymer)
Filtration
Ultrafiltration
1 Activated Sludge
U1
<-n Trickling Filters
Lagoon (Aerated)
Lagoon (Facultative)
Lagoon (Anaerobic)
Lagoon (Tertiary)
Rotating Biological Contactors
Steam Stripping
Solvent Extraction
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
1
1
25
12
64
3
11
2
4
2
4
6
4
41
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
ug/L
600,000
410,000
29,OOO*
258,000
206,000
148,000
45,000
290,000
92,000
717,000
348,000
142,000*
263,000
340,000
118,000
699, OOO
11,000
Volume III
page(s)
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.6-18
4.6-11
4.6-12
4.7-32
5.1-64
5.2-25
5.3-60
5.3-45
5.3-16
5.3-32
5.3-33
5.4-8
5.5-19
5.6-13
6.1-50
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency.
87
89
75
99
97
77
>99
68
47
52
54
72
74
99
Volume III
page(s)
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.6-38
4.7-22
5.1-106
5.2-13
5.3-18
5.3-45
5.3-16
5.3-33
5.4-7
5.5-19
5.6-15
6.1-61
-------
D
0)
ti-
ro
to
00
o
I
Ul
TABLE D-l (continued)
Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration.
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points Mg/L
COD (continued) Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge) 26 33,000
Chemical Oxidation 7 441,000
Reverse Osmosis 30 6,000
Ozonation 4 17,000
TSS Sedimentation 93 <1,000
Highest
observed
removal
Volume III efficiency. Volume III
page(s) % page(s)
6.2-15 98 6.2-23
6.3-13 39 6.3-13
6.9-9 99 6.9-9
6.14-16 92 6.14-16
4.2-46, 4.2-50 >99
.2-13, 4.2-15,
.2-27,
.2-37,
.2-45,
.2-47,
.2-50,
.2-52,
.2-54,
.2-76,
.2-87,
.2-89,
.2-91,
.2-84,
.2-34,
.2-44,
.2-46,
.2-49,
.2-51,
.2-53,
.2-74,
.2-77,
.2-88,
.2-90,
.2-83,
.2-101,
.2-100, 4.2-99,
.2-98, 4.2-97,
.2-104, 4.2-102,
.2-117, 4.2-122,
.2-115
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer) 9
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime) 12
28,000 4.3-13, 4.3-55
11,200 4.3-27
4,000 4.3-45
99
99
99
4.3-16
4.3-20
4.3-74
-------
D
0)
rt
10
00
o
1
(Jl
-J
TABLE D-l
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
TSS (continued) Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(FeClj, Sodium bicarbonate)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(BaCla)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Sodium alumlnate, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
(continued)
Number
of data
points
9
2
2
3
2
3
6
4
1
1
1
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
U9/L
4,000
34,000
<1,000
6,000*
15,200
28,000*
480,000
95,000
18,000
32,000
515,000
86,000
61,000
369,000
Volume III
M99
99
90
>,9
97
83
98
84
56
88
89
66
Volume III
oeae(s)
4.3-61
4.3-56
4.3-60
4.3-43, 4.3-25
4.3-21
4.5-13
4.5-9
4.5-3
4.5-8
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.5-16
-------
a
(U
rt
0)
ro
^ TABLE D-l (continued)
OO
o
^
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
TSS (continued) Filtration
Ultrafiltration
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
._ Lagoon (Facultative)
CO Lagoon (Tertiary)
Rotating Bilogical Contactors
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge)
Chemical Oxidation
Air Stripping
Reverse Osmosis
donation
Number
of data
points
44
13
77
1
20
3
2
8
28
4
2
1
2
4
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
Mg/L
<1,000
2,400
5,000
45,000
3,000
48,000
22,000
23,000
<1,300
17,000
33,300
162,000b
<4,000*
<5,000
3,000
Volume III
page(s)
4.6-40, 4.6-62,
4.6-64, 4.6-65
4.7-29
5.1-95
5.2-11
5.3-60
5.3-47
5.3-33
5.4-10
6.1-50
6.2-6
6.3-16
6.4-6
6.9-9
6.9-8
6.14-16
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency,
>99
>99
99
59
99
86
76
35
99
96
97
0C
>90
33
Volume III
page(s)
4.6-34, 4.6-40,
4.6-60
4.7-7, 4.7-28,
4.7-29, 4.7-30
5.1-85
5.2-11
5.3-60
5.3-47
5.3-33
5.4-8
6.1-61
6.2-6
6.3-16
6.4-6
6.9-8
6.14-16
-------
o
01
ft
CD
TABLE D-l (continued)
en __
O Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration. Volume III
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points Mg/L page(s)
TON
<
E
VD
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Lagoon (Facultative)
Rotating Biological Contactors
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge)
Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(BaCla)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
8
2
2
5
1
23
4
5
3
1
2
1
2
27,000
22,000
35,000
6,000
28,000
1,000
72,000
21,500*
3,200,000
9.0OO
7,000
7,000
1,600,000
72,000*
2,300,000
5.1-35
5.3-43
5.3-46
5.4-8
6.2-23
4.2-48
4.3-13, 4.3-64
4.3-15
4.3-17
4.3-52
4.3-61
4.3-65
4.3-25
4.3-47
4.3-21
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency
69
79
67
57
96
>99
80
71
37
22
98
82
82
, Volume III
page Is)
5.1-52
5.3-15
5.3-46
5.4-6
6.2-23
4.2-34, 4.2-15
4.3-16
4.3-20
4.3-45
4.3-61
4.3-65
4.3-25
4.3-21
-------
a
01
rt
tt>
N>
^ TABLE D-l (continued)
00
o irm=:=^=rr^
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
TOC (continued) Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
^ Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
/* (Polymer)
> Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
1 (Ferrous sulfate. Lime Polymer)
CTi
O Ga* Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Polymer)
Filtration
Ultrafiltration
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Steam Stripping
Solvent Extraction
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Number
of data
points
1
4
1
1
1
20
18
13
4
40
6
47
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration,
Mg/L
544,000
155,000*
270,000
690,000
87,000
177,000
160,000
10,000
66,000
35,000
47,000
14,000
37,000
2,900
Volume III
Page(s)
4.5-6
4.5-12
4.5-9
4.5-21
4.5-7
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.6-15
4.7-12
5.1-80
5.3-61
5.5-8
5.6-11
6.1-45
Highest
observed
remova 1
efficiency.
25
72
36
77
73
49
97
97
99
94
49
99
Volume III
page (s)
4.5-6
4.5-18
4.5-7
4 5-10
4.5-11
4.6-19
4.7-25, 4.7-26
5.1-78
5.3-18
5.5-8
5.6-11
6.1-61
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge)
25
9,000
6.2-20
97
6.2-15
-------
D
ft
N>
^ TABLE D-l (continued)
00
o
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
TOC (continued) Reverse Osmosis 30
Ozonation 33
Total cyanide Sedimentation 15
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer) 1
<; Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime) 1
1 Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
^ (Lime, Polymer) 3
I1 Sedimentation with chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime) 2
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer) 1
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer) 3
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer) 1
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate, Lime, Polymer) 1
Filtration 12
Ultrafiltration 1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration
wg/L
3,000
15,000
2
74
45
2
30
510
54
25
S32
10
11
5,ooob
Volume III
page Is)
6.9-24
6.14-16
4.2-80
4.3-22
4.3-52
4.3-73
4.3-47
4.3-21
4.5-6
4.5-21
4.5-7
4.5-10
4.6-9, 4.6-23
4.6-25
4.7-9
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency, Volume III
% page(s)
97 6.9-8
SO 6.14-20
>9O 4.2-44, 4.2-84
0C 4.3-22
0C 4.3-52
89 4.3-73
80 4.3-21
261 4.5-6
5 4.5-21
14 4.5-7
230 4.5-10
>99 4.6-34
0C 4.7-9
-------
D
P)
rr
0>
IV)
TABLE D-l (continued)
m
0 ' -
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Total cyanide (continued) Activated Sludge
Trickling Filters
Lagoon (Aerated)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
. \
> Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
I (With Activated Sludge)
10 Chemical Oxidation
Air Stripping
Ion Exchange
Reverse Osmosis
donation
Total phenols Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Number
of data
points
24
1
2
7
3
17
1
2
10
18
23
4
5
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration,
gg/L
<4
16
52
<2
<20
<2
51,000
40
1
<4
10
16
28
Volume III
Page(s)
5.1-47, 5.1-63
5.1-100
5.2-27
5.3-64
6.1-39
6.1-41
6.2-7
6.3-16
6.4-6
6.7-13
6.9-48
6.14-13
6.14-12
4.2-46
4.2-47
4.2-49
4.3-64
4.3-54
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency,
t
>90
79
91
>90
69
>99
91
99
97
99
96
31
60
Volume III
page (s)
5.1-47
5.2-27
5 . 3-64
6.1-41
6.2-4
6.3-15, 6.3-16
6.4-6
6.7-13
6.9-23
6.14-26, 6.14-29,
6.14-31, 6.14-32
4.2-76, 4.2-77
4.3-55
4.3-20
-------
o
p>
ft
n>
TABLE D-l (continued)
00
O
I
o>
U)
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
Total phenols (continued) Sedimentation with
(Lime)
Sedimentation with
(BaCla)
Sedimentation with
(Polymer)
Sedimentation with
(Alum, Line)
Gas Flotation with
(Alum, Polymer)
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Addition
Addition
Addition
Addition
Addition
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with
(Polymer)
Gas Flotation with
(Ferrous sulfate
Gas Flotation with
(Ferrous sulfate
Filtration
Ultrafiltration
Activated Sludge
Chemical
Addition
Chemical Addition
, Lime, Polymer)
Chemical
, Polymer)
Addition
2
1
2
2
1
4
2
1
1
21
4
31
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
Mg/L
12
10
B2b
300
47
94
<1
26
l,090b
34
1.1
44,600
7
Volume III
page(s)
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
5.
3-45
3-60
3-62
3-25
3-47
5-6
5-19
5-3
5-10
5-11
6-72
7-16
1-61
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency,
%
33
0
58
22
13
>94
72
oc
48
65
82
>99
Volume til
page ()
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
3-45
3-60
3-25
3-47
5-6
5-19
5-3
5-10
5-11
6-16
4.7-16
5.
5.
1-123, 5.1-11B
1-42
-------
D
to
ri-
CD
to
00
TABLE D-l (continued)
I
u
Pollutant
Total phenols (continued)
Acenaphthene
Acrolein
Pollution treatment technology
Trickling Filters
Lagoon (Aerated)
Lagoon (Tertiary)
Solvent Extraction
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge)
Reverse Osmosis
Otonation
Filtration
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Reverse Osmosis
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Filtration
Number
of data
points
4
2
2
6
19
4
6
3
1
10
1
1
3
1
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
ug/L
<1,000
3
28
200
<2
«
<1
13
0.6
<0.04
4
<0.04
0.8
720b
<100
Highest
observed
removal
Volume III efficiency
page Is) %
5.2-13
5.3-18
5.3-33
5.6-9
6.1-40
6.2-7
6.9-54
6.14-12
4.6-15
5.1-58, 5.1-60,
5.1-67, 5.1-101,
5.1-104, 5.1-105
5.3-66
6.1-45
6.9-56, 6.9-60
4.5-6
4.6-24
>99
>99
46
>99
99
>99
81
>99
73
>99
0
>93
99
0C
>86
, Volume III
page(s)
5.2-23
5.3-18
5.3-33
5.6-9
6.1-17
6.2-4, 6.2-5,
6.2-7
6.9-58
6.14-14
4.6-15
5.1-58, 5.1-60,
5.1-67, 5.1-101,
5.1-104, 5.1-105
5.3-66
6.1-45
6.9-56
4.5-6
4.6-24
-------
o
01
ft
(D
to
00
O
TABLE D-l (continued)
l
CTi
cn
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
Benzene Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Filtration
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Lagoon (Anaerobic)
Solvent Extraction
7
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
6
9
4
1
6
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
lig/L
97
oc
oc
50
Oc
33
oc
>99
>99
>95
50
97
Volume III
page(s)
4.2-19
4.3-17
4.3-73
4.3-62
4.3-21
4.5-18, 4.5-21
4.5-3
4.5-10
4.6-71
5.1-59
5.3-18
5.3-36
5.6-13
-------
ft
m
NJ
^ TABLE D-l (continued)
Q Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration.
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points Ug/L
Benzene (continued) Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption 3 <0.2
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge) 1 20,000
Reverse Osmosis 3 0.4
Benzidine Activated Sludge 1 4
^ Lagoon (Aerated) 1 7
^f Carbon tetrachlorlde Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
| (Alum, Polymer) 1 1,800
<^ Sedimentation with Chemical Addition .
°* (Alum. Lime) 1 <10
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer) 1 410
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride, Polymer) 1 1
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition .
(Ferrous sulfate, JAme, Polymer) 1 36
Filtration 3 <10*'d
55
Activated Sludge 2 0.1
Volume III
page(s)
6.1-44
6.2-9
6.9-60
5.1-117
5.3-66
4.3-22
4.3-21
4.5-6
4.5-21
4.5-10
4.6-71
4.6-23
5.1-40
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency. Volume III
* page(s)
>80 6.1-44
95 6.2-9
80 6.9-60
0C 5.1-117
41 S.3-«6
94 4.3-22
>17 4.3-21
76 4.5-6
50 4.5-21
0C 4.5-10
93 4.6-24
>99 5.1-38
-------
D
PI
ft
(D
TABLE D-l (continued)
m
° Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration.
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points ug/L
Chlorobenzene Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Polymer) 1
Filtration 2
Activated Sludge 6
/^ Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption 1
1 , 2 , 4-Trichlorobenzene Sedimentation 1
»j Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum) 1
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime) 1
Filtration 1
Activated Sludge 11
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption 1
Hexachlorobenzene Activated Sludge 4
Lagoon (Aerated) 1
57b
4.8b
<0.2
<0.2
53
150
150
94
<0.09
<0.09
<0.05
99
>96
oc
90
91
37
>99
>99
>97
>0
Volume III
page ()
4.5-10
4.6-38, 4.6-23
5.1-63, 5.1-64
6.1-41
4.2-82
4.3-13
4.3-47
4.6-9
5.1-46, 5.1-48,
5.1-57, 5.1-60
6.1-46
5.1-60
5.3-66
-------
o
01
ft
TABLE D-l (continued)
I
CM
00
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
1 , 2-Dichloroethane Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Filtration
Steam Stripping
Solvent Extraction
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
1,1.1-Trichloroethane Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Number
of data
points
1
1
2
1
45
6
15
1
3
2
1
Lowest Highest
observed observed
effluent removal
concentration. Volume III efficiency,
lig/L page(s) %
<10 4.2-19
17 4.3-16
<10d 4.3-17
170b 4.6-71
300 5.5-19
< 20, 000 5.6-18
<10d 6.1-30, 6.1-31,
6.1-34, 6.1-37
190,000 6.2-9
2 4.2-93
17 4.3-17
51 4.3-53
>70
oc
>60
oc
>99
>99
>99
81
>57
93
0C
Volume III
page(s)
4.2-19
4.3-16
4.3-17
4.6-71
5.5-19
5.6-18
6.1-30, 6.1-31,
6.1-34. 6.1-36,
6.1-37
6.2-9
4.2-15
4.3-17
4.3-53
-------
o
0*
rt
(D
ro
TABLE D-l (continued)
00
o
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
1,1,1-Trichloroethane Gas Flotation With Chemical Addition
(continued) (Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
^
>p Filtration
1
(j> Activated Sludge
VO
Lagoon (Aerated)
Steam Stripping
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
1,1, -Dichloroethane Sedimentation
Filtration
Activated Sludge
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
1
1
2
4
6
1
1
1
1
1
2
7
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration,
t-g/L
860
14
<2a
<10
9 4-5-3
94 4.6-24
>99 5.1-61
96 5.3-18
9 5.5-15
>99 6.1-28
>0 4.2-115
0° 4.6-71
>18 5.1-61
>99 6.1-30, 6.1-31,
6.1-34, 6.1-37
-------
o
0)
ri-
ft
to
TABLE D-l (continued)
oo
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
1,1,2-Trichloroe thane Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Activated Sludge
Steam Stripping
<£ Solvent Extraction
2* Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
1,1, 2, 2-Tetrachloroethane Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Line)
Filtration
Activated Sludge
Steam Stripping
Solvent Extraction
Chloroethane Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
1
1
5
5
1
1
1
2
2
5
5
9
Lowest Highest
observed observed
effluent removal
concentration. Volume III efficiency. Volume III
Mg/L paqe(s) % naae(s)
11 4.
<10e 5.
<10d 5.5-13
5.5-16
5,400 5.
<10d 6.
10 4.
35 4.
0.7b 4.
<8e 5.
<10d 5.
1,000 5.
<10d 6.1-30
6.1-34
3-18
1-38
, 5.5-15,
, 5.5-17
6-10
1-28
2-115
3-21
6-35
1-38
5-16
6-10
, 6.1-31,
, 6.1-37
Ob 4.3-18
>9 5.1-38
>99 5.5-13, 5.5-15,
5.5-16, 5.5-17
95 5.6-10
>99 6.1-28
0° 4.2-115
30 4.3-21
0C 4.6-35
>44 5.1-35
>99 5.5-16
99 5.6-10
>99 6.1-30, 6.1-31,
6.1-34, 6.1-36,
6.1-37
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Activated Sludge
5.1-49
>83
5.1-49
-------
D
0)
r+
(D
NJ
00
o
>
p-Chloro-m-cresol
TABLE D-l (continued)
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether Activated Sludge
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
2-Chloronaphthalene Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Filtration
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol Sedimentation
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Filtration
Activated Sludge
Trickling Filters
Lagoon (Aerated)
Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration,
points Mg/L
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
10
1
1
47
S3
oc
3
oc
50
>47
Oc
oc
80
98
0C
>99
Volume III
page(s)
5.1-117
6.2-9
4.3-73
4.5-6
4.6-24
5.1-117
5.3-66
4.2-122
4.5-21
4.6-23
5.1-124, 5.1-37
5.2-27
5.3-15
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
62
4.3-53
44
4.3-53
-------
a
(0
^ TABLE D-l (continued)
GO . .
0
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
p-Chloro-m-cresol (continued) Filtration
Activated Sludge
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Chloroform Sedimentation
<-. Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
. (Alum)
^ Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
1 (Alum, Polymer)
-J
(sj Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Filtration
Number
of data
points
2
4
1
5
1
5
3
1
1
1
3
1
6
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
lig/L
0.3b
<0.1
<0.1
iob
<38
22
98
>83
>81
0C
>94
>78
oc
oc
oc
74
41
50
Volume III
page (s I
4.6-15, 4.6-38
5.1-101
6.1-41
4.2-19
4. 3-16
4.3-17
4. 3-68
4.3-2'
4.3-21
4.5-6
4.5-20
4.5-7
4.6-25
-------
a
o»
ti-
ro
to
*>.
* TABLE D-l
ao
o
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Chloroform (continued) Activated Sludge
Trickling Filters
Lagoon (Aerated)
Steam Stripping
^
> Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
jjj Reverse Osmosis
2-Chlorophenol Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Filtration
Activated Sludge
(continued)
Number
of data
points
16
1
3
5
3
4
2
1
1
1
2
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
lig/L
<1
19
99
Oc
>S1
>gg
>gg
79
>ee
>0
oc
0
92
Volume III
page(s)
5.1-38, 5.1-46
5.2-27
5.3-18
5.5-13, 5.5-14,
5.5-16, 5.5-17
6.1-28
6.9-59
4.2-15
4.3-73
4.5-7
4.6-25
5. 1-45
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
190,000
6.2-9
81
6.2-9
-------
D
(Xi
rr-
(D
to
TABLE D-l (continued)
CO
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
1,2-Dichlorobenzene Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
Filtration
- Activated Sludge
,
1>
j Lagoon (Aerated)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
1, 4-Dichlorobenzene Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
1,1-Dichloroethylene Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Filtration
Number
of data
points
2
1
3
12
1
2
8
1
2
1
1
1
Lowest Highest
observed observed
effluent removal
concentration. Volume III efficiency. Volume III
U9/L page ( s) % naae(s)
<10d 4.3-13
<0.05 4.3-47
<0.05 4.6-40
<0.05 5.1-46, 5.1-56
5.1-61, 5.1-101
5.1-105
<10d 5.3-15
<0.05 6.1-40, 6.1-46
<0.04 5.1-67, 5.1-105
<10d 5.3-15
<10 4.2-115
<10d 4.3-22
l,000b 4.5-10
<2 4.6-38
>50 4.3-13
>99 4.3-47
>94 4.6-40
>99 5.1-56, 5.1-105
>96 5.3-15
>99 6.1-40, 6.1-46
>99 5.1-97, 5.1-105
>81 5.3-15
>0 4.2-115
>98 4.3-22
0C 4.5-10
>52 4.6-38
-------
o
0*
<+
0>
N>
TABLE D-l (continued)
m
O
Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration.
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points uq/L
1, 2 -Trent -dichloroethy lene Sedminetation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
<^ Steam Stripping
J> donation
1
-J 2, 4-Dichlorophenol Sedimentation
Ul
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Filtration
Activated Sludge
1,2-Dichloropropane Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Filtration
Activated Sludge
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
3
1
1
5
1
3
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
0
28
oc
>99
oc
98
0C
67
>50
59
0°
0C
>82
>99
Volume III
paqels)
4.2-114
4. 3-22
4.3-25
5.5-15
6.14-13
4.2-73
4.5-7
4.6-25
5.1-49
4.3-21
4.5-10
4.6-40
5.1-49
6.1-28
-------
D
rr
(D
tO
TABLE D-l (continued)
00 .
o
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
1,2-Dichloropropane (continued) Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
1, 3-Dichloropropane Activated Sludge
2,4-Dimethylphenol Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
<; Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
7^ Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
^j (Polymer)
CTi
Filtration
Activated Sludge
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
2,4-Dinitrotoluene Sedimentation
Lagoon (Aerated)
2,6-Dinitrotoluene Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration. Volume III
Mg/L page(s)
70,000 6.2-9
0.89b 5.1-61
<10d 4.2-15, 4.2-6
<10e 4.3-52
<0.1 4.5-21
28 4.5-7
0.4 4.6-15
29 4.6-25
8b 5.1-65
<10 5.1-49
<0.1 6.1-46
10 4.2-82
3 5.3-66
10 4.2-82
<10d 4.3-66
390b 5.1-117
2 5.3-66
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency,
93
oc
>55
>76
>99
oc
oc
>95
>89
80
oc
80
>79
oc
83
Volume III
p age ( s )
6.2-9
5.1-61
4.2-15
4.3-53
4.5-21
4.5-7
4.6-15, 4.6-9,
4.6-25
5.1-49
6 . 1-46
4 . 2-82
5.3-66
4.2-82
4.3-66
5.1-117
5.3-66
-------
o
pi
rr
(0
to
TABLE D-l (continued)
00 ., ... _, . ... -.. ,
o
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Ethylbenzene Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
> Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
> (Alum, Polymer)
Jj Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
^j (Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Filtration
1
1
3
2
3
1
2
1
4
1
6
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration,
lig/L
340
14
3*
1,700
1.3
<10d
130
<0.2
3b
94 4.3-20
81 4.3-25
>96 4.3-47
0C 4.5-6
>99 4.5-18
65 4.5-3
>99 4.6-72
-------
D
0>
rr
(D
to
CO
TABLE D-l (continued)
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Ethylbenzene (continued) Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Solvent Extraction
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
Fluoranthene Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, polymer)
Filtration
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Number
of data
points
24
3
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
wg/L
<0.2
<0.2"
<10d
4,000
<0.2
18,000
0.4
99 5.1-124, 5.1-39,
5.1-45, 5.1-46,
5.1-56, 5.1-58,
5.1-62, 5.1-99,
5.1-106
>94 5.3-44
97 5.6-12
>0 6.1-41
84 6.2-9
64 4.2-12
>97 4.3-53
0° 4.5-7
0C 4.5-10
50 4.6-16
0 5.1-117
>0 5.3-66
>90 6.1-42
-------
D
P»
ri-
ft
to
00
o
TABLE D-l (continued)
vo
Pollutant
Fluoranthene (continued)
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis ( 2-chloroethoxy) methane
Mtthylene chloride
Number
of data
Pollution treatment technology points
donation
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Lagoon (Aerated)
Sedimentation
Sedimentation with chemical Addition
(Alum)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alls*, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
1
1
1
1
8
2
5
2
2
1
1
3
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
vg/L
0.1
IB
0
>60
>99
>99
98
0
oc
13
84
7
61
Volume III
page(s)
6.14-12
5.1-117
5.3-66
5.3-66
4.2-44
4.3-16
4.3-17
4.3-73
4.3-25
4.3-21
4.5-6
4.5-19
4.5-7
-------
o
fu
rt
ro
TABLE D-l (continued)
CO
o
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Hethylene chloride (continued) Filtration
Activated Sludge
Trickling Filters
Lagoon (Aerated)
<^ Steam Stripping
£P Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
1
00 Reverse Osmosis
O
Ozonation
Hethly chloride Sedimentation
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Lagoon (Aerated)
Reverse Osmosis
Brorooform Activated Sludge
Number
of data
points
16
5
1
3
5
8
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
pg/L
<0.4
0.9'
5
1
32
90,000
1.8
4"
5
15
3
30
<5
45b
3C
Highest
observed
removal
Volume III efficiency
page(s) »
4.6-35
5.1-40
5.1-122
5.2-27
5.3-64
5.5-13
6.1-42
6.9-59
6.9-54, 6.9-57,
6.9-58
6.14-13
4.2-54
4.5-3
5.3-44
6.9-60
5.1-121
>87
99
0C
97
87
92
64
oc
84
oc
>91
oc
oc
, Volume III
page(s)
4.6-35
5.1-122
5.2-27
5.3-18, 5.3-64
5.5-13
6.1-69
6.9-58
6.14-12, 6.14-13
4.2-54
4.5-3
5.3-44
6.9-60
5.1-121
-------
D
0>
ft
TABLE D-l (continued)
oo
O Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration.
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points M9/L
Dichlorobromomethane Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Activated Sludge
<^ Trichlorof luoromethane Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
1 Filtration
00
*-* Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Tertiary)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Chlorodibromomethane Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
Isophorone Sedimentation
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Activated Sludge
1
1
2
1
2
5
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
<0.9
290b
^
<9d
<2
5b
1.7
85
oc
>0
>50
oc
96
>79
oc
>77
>50
>97
>95
>0
Volume III
page(s)
4.
4.
5.1-122
4.
4.6-25,
5.
5.
6.
4.
4.
4.
4.
5.1-117
5-6
5-10
, 5.
5-6
1-61
4.6-24
1-105
3-32
1-45
2-20
3-64
2-15
5-19
, 5.
1-38
-------
D
0)
ft
(0
TABLE D-l (continued)
oo
o
00
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
Isophorone (continued) Lagoon (Aerated) 1
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption 1
Naphthalene Sedimentation 3
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer) 2
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime) 1
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer) 1
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer) 3
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer) 2
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Line, Polymer) 1
Filtration 3
Activated Sludge 26
Lowest Highest
observed observed
effluent removal
concentration. Volume III efficiency. Volume III
pg/L page(s) % pagefs)
2 5.3-66
30,000 6.2-9
<10d 4.2-15
3 4.3-53
16 4.3-21
11 4.5-6
790 4.5-19
0.6* 4.5-7
<10d 4.5-3
96 4.5-10
0.9b 4.6-25
1.5 4.6-24
<0.007 5.1-46, 5.1-57,
5.1-58, 5.1-64,
5.1-65, 5.1-66,
5.1-69, 5.1-97,
5.1-99, 5.1-100,
5.1-101, 5.1-102,
5.1-106
33 5.3-66
97 6.2-9
>98 4.2-15
98 4.3-53
70 4.3-21
52 4.5-6
82 4.5-21
>96 4.5-3
77 4.5-10
86 4.6-24
>99 5.1-24, 5.1-46,
5.1-57, 5.1-58,
5.1-64, 5.1-65,
5.1-66, 5.1-69,
5.1-1OO, 5.1-101,
5.1-102, 5.1-106
-------
o
0)
ft
to
TABLE D-l (continued)
n
3 Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration.
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points Mg/L
Naphthalene (continued) Trickling Filters
Lagoon (Aerated)
Lagoon (Tertiary)
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
^ Nitrobenzene Sedimentation
ij,, Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
| (Alum)
CO
(sj Lagoon (Aerated)
2-Nitrophenol Sedimentation
Activated Sludge
4-Nitrophenol Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
2,4-Dinitrophenol Sedimentation
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
55
58
>82
>96
>52
68
>0
>47
>99
>0
>9
>99
>23
>0
Volume III
page (s)
5.2-27
5.3-15
5.3-33
6.2-12
4.2-15
4.3-16
5.3-66
4.2-15
5.1-101
4.2-114
4.3-68
5.1-101
5.3-44
4.2-108
-------
D
P)
ft
10
CO
o
I
CO
*».
TABLE D-l (continued)
Pollutant
4 , 6-Dinitro-o-cresol
N-nitrosodiphenylamine
N-n i troso-di-n-propy lamine
Pentachlorophenol
Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration.
Pollution treatment technology points wg/L
Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Filtration
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Activated Sludge
Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
95
oc
>77
66
oc
oc
>99
67
>B2
oe
55
>96
0C
19
Volume III
page (s)
4.2-15
4.3-73
4.2-15
4.5-19
4.5-10
4.6-9
5.1-62
5.3-66
6.1-46
5.1-64. 5.1-100
4.2-73
4.3-54
4.5-21
4.5-3
-------
o
0)
ft
(D
10
.u
-x
CO
o
^
.
1
CO
Ul
TABLE D-l
Pollutant pollution treatment technology
Pentachlorophenol (continued) Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Filtration
Activated Sludge
Trickling Filters
Lagoon (Aerated)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Phenol Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alan)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Altai, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
(continued)
Number
of data
points
1
4
15
1
1
4
5
2
1
2
2
2
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentr at ion ,
liq/L
13b
<0.4
<0.4
3
.
81
5.1-45, 5.1-61, >99
5.1-66, 5.1-68,
5.1-97, 5.1-99,
5.1-105, 5.1-106
5.2-27 0C
5.3-44 >1I
6.1-40, 6.1-46 >91
4.2-114, 4.2-115 >99
4.3-64 >90
4.3-54 0
4.3-53 >37
4.3-62 29
4.3-47 96
4.3-21
Volume III
page(s)
4.5-10
4.6-35
5.1-97, 5.1-106
5.2-27
5.3-44
6.1-40
4.2-114. 4.2-115
4.3-16
4.3-54
4.3-53
4.3-62
4.3-21
-------
ft
(D
TABLE D-l (continued)
00
O
00
CTi
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
Phenol (continued) Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer) 1
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer) 3
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer) 2
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Line, Polymer) 1
Filtration 11
Activated Sludge 30
Trickling Filters 1
Lagoon (Aerated) 4
Solvent Extraction 15
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption 5
Lowest Highest
observed observed
effluent removal
concentration, Volume 111 efficiency,
lig/L page(s) »
28b 4.5-6
42 4.5-21
9a>b 4.5-7
26 4.5-3
W
190 4.5-10
<0.07 4.6-35
<0.07 5.1-46, 5.1-47,
5.1-56, 5.1-57,
5.1-58,, 5.1-59,
5.1-61, 5.1-64,
5.1-65, 5.1-66,
5.1-97, 5.1-98,
5.1-101, 5.1-103,
5.1-105, 5.1-106
37 5.2-27
<10b 5.3-15
< 1,000 5.6-16, 5.6-17
<0.07 6.1-44, 6.1-45
oc
80
72
oc
>93
>99 S
5
5
S
5
5
5
oc
>99
>99 5
>96
Volume III
pa
-------
o
0*
ft
(D
*
ro
00
o
<
I
CO
-J
TABLE D-l (continued)
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
Phenol (continued) Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge) 2
Reverse Osmosis 4
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Sedimentation 14
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum) 2
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer) 1
Sedimentation with Chenical Addition
(Lime, Polymer) 2
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Bad a) 2
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer) 2
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime) 1
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alun, Polymer) 1
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer) 2
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer) 2
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer) 1
Filtration 15
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
ug/L
85
80
>99
oc
78
99
95
>97
0C
25
82
92
98
98
Volume III
pa gels)
6.2-12
6.9-58
4.2-108, 4.2-115
4.3-13, 4.3-64
4.3-54
4.3-53
4.3-65
4.3-25
4.3-47
4.5-6
4.5-21
4.5-3
4.5-10
4.6-23
-------
D
PJ
rt
(D
NJ
TABLE D-l (continued)
nr>
° Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration.
Pollutant pollution treatment technology points wg/L
Bls(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Activated Sludge
(continued)
Trickling Filters
Lagoon (Aerated)
Lagoon (Tertiary)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
* Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
' Reverse Osmosis
CO
Ozonation
Butyl benzyl phthalate Sedimentation
Sedimentation with chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Filtration
38
1
5
2
9
1
5
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
<0.04
6
1
99
83
96
72
66
>97
96
0C
>99
54
>99
oc
>99
>99
97
>99
, Volume III
Dage(»)
5.1-66
5.2-27
5.3-15
5.3-32
6.1-46, 6.1-69
6.2-12
6.9-58
6.14-12, 6.14-13
4.2-115
4.3-54
4.3-53
4.5-6
4.5-21
4.5-7
4.5-10
4.6-24
-------
o
0)
rr
ID
M
TABLE D-l (continued)
00
° Lowest Highest
observed observed
Number effluent removal
of data concentration. Volume III efficiency.
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points ug/L oage(s) %
Butyl benzyl phthalate Activated Sludge
(continued)
Lagoon (Aerated)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Ozonation
^ Di-n-butyl phthalate Sedimentation
|p Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
| (Alum)
°? Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
1
1
3
1
7
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
llb 5.1-121 0C
6 5.3-66 0
<0.03 6.1-39, 6.1-41 >99
<0.03 6.14-13 >97
<10B 4.2-106 99
0.6 4.3-64 >94
7 4.3-54 >99
1 4.3-53 99
2.8b 4.3-62 >99
<10 4.3-25
<10d 4.3-21 >99
300 4.5-6 0
19 4.5-21 79
<0.02 4.5-7 >99
21 4.5-10 97
Volume III
page(s)
5.1-121
5.3-66
6.1-41
6.14-13
4.2-115
4.3-16
4.3-22
4.3-53
4.3-25
4.3-21
4.5-6
4.5-21
4.5-7
4.5-10
-------
D
(U
rt
ro
N)
*>.
CO
o
1
VO
O
TABLE D-l
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Di-n-butyl phthalate Filtration
(continued)
Activated Sludge
Trickling Filters
Lagoon (Aerated)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Reverse Osmosis
Ozonation
Di-n-octyl phthalate Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Filtration
(continued)
Number
of data
points
13
9
1
1
7
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
wg/L
<0.02
<0.02
6
1
<0.02
0.8"
2.7
99
>99
25
0
>99
83
77
>99
92
oc
78
61
>98
>96
Volume III
paqe(s)
4,6-15
5.1-64, 5.1-99,
5.1-101, 5.1-103
5.2-27
5.3-66
6.1-39, 6.1-44,
6.1-45
6.9-58
6.14-13
4.2-115
4.3-54
4.5-6
4.5-21
4.5-7
4.5-10
4.6-24
-------
0
CD
rt
TABLE D-l (continued)
00
o
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
Di-n-octyl phthalate Activated Sludge
(continued)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Diethyl phthalate Sedimentation
^ Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
, (Lime, Polymer)
> Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
1 (Polymer)
VO
1-1 Filtration
Activated Sludge
Trickling Filters
Lagoon (Aerated)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Dimethyl phthalate Sedimentation
Filtration
1
5
3
1
1
5
17
1
1
3
4
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
lig/L
5,000b
4a
55
1
99 4.2-115
>99 4.3-53
>9B 4.3-62
>99 4.6-35
>99 5.1-45. 5.1-61,
5.1-69, 5.1-98,
S. 1-100, 5.1-105
Oc 5.2-27
0C 5.3-66
0C 6.1-43, 6.1-44,
5.1-69
>99 4.2-114, 4.2-115
>98 4.6-40
-------
o
0)
ft
(D
(O
TABLE D-l (continued)
GO
Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration.
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points ug/L
Dimethyl phthalate Activated Sludge
(continued)
Lagoon (Aerated)
Reverse Osmosis
f* Benz( a) anthracene Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
>p (Lime)
1 Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
^ (Lin, Polymer)
Benzo(a) pyrene Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Filtration
Lagoon (Aerated)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
9
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
2
<0.03
6
45
99 5.1-45, 5.1-60,
5.1-64, 5.1-67,
5.1-97
25 5.3-66
41 6.9-58
>92 4.3-66
>81 4.3-53
>98 4.2-12
0C 4.3-66
0C 4.3-73
0C 4.6-9, 4.6-16
33 5.3-66
vyi 6.1-46
Ozonation
<0.02
6.14-12
>90
6.14-12
-------
o
0)
ft
0>
ro
* TABLE D-l
no
o
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Benzol b)f luoranthene Sedimentation
Lagoon (Aerated)
Benzo(k)f luoranthene Sedimentation
Filtration
», Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Ha
y?
1 Oconation
VD
<^J Chrysene Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Acenaphthaylene Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Anthracene Sedimentation
(continued)
Number
of data
points
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
pg/L
6
0.4
<0.02
o.ib
<0.02
<0.02
97
0C
>80
>80
>0
>92
99
>17
0C
Oe
0C
92
Volume lit
page(s)
4.2-73
5.3-66
4.2-12
4.6-16
6.1-42
6.14-12
4.2-114
4.3-66
4.3-53
4.2-15
4.3-73
5.1-117
5.3-66
4.2-73
-------
a
(U
rt
n>
NJ
TABLE D-l (continued)
00 ,
O Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration,
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points wg/L
Anthracene/phenanthrene Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
" Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
y* (Alum, Polymer)
ID Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
>t» (Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Filtration
Activated Sludge
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Reverse Osmosis
Ozonation
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
9
5
1
2
0.4
0.1
0
oc
oc
83
oc
as
70
>98
>97
77
>97
Volume III
page(s)
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
5.
6.
6.
6.
2-12
3-64
3-53
,3-62
5-6
5-21
5-7
5-10
6-13
1-41
1-39
9-58
14-13
-------
D
(U
rt
(D
to
.b.
CO
a
<*
^
I
vo
Ln
TABLE D-
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Benzo(ghi) perylene Sedimentation
Fluorene Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with CHemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Filtration
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Phenanthrene Sedimentation
Lagoon (Aerated)
Indeno< 1,2, 3-cd) pyrene Activated Sludge
Pyrene Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
1 (continued)
Number
of data
points
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
4
1
1
4
1
2
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
ug/L
17
4.2-15 >79
4.3-73 >99
4.5-10 0C
4.6-23 Oc
5.1-102, 5.1-105 >99
5.3-66 99
4.2-73 92
5.3-66 Oc
5.1-104 >99
4.2-12 79
4.3-66 Oc
"4.3-53 >87
4.3-73
Volume III
page(s)
4.2-15
4.2-15
4.3-53
4.5-10
4.6-23
5.1-102, 5.1-105
5.3-66
4.2-73
5.3-66
5.1-104
4.2-73
4.3-66
4.3-53
-------
o
Q>
rt
M
"^ TABLE D-l
oo _ -*
0
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Pyrene (continued) Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, polymer)
Filtration
Lagoon (Aerated)
1
^D Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
CM
Reverse Osmosis
Ozonation
Tetrachloroethylene Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
(continued)
Number
of data
points
1
1
3
5
1
2
1
1
6
1
3
1
1
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
ug/L
0.3
18b
0.1
o.ib
1
<0.01
<0.01*
18
0.1
1.1
45
J
97
0
67
76
oc
>44
0C
>0
95
Volume III
Page(s)
4.5-7
4.5-10
4.6-16, 4.6-25,
4.6-40
5.1-45
5.3-66
6.1-42
6.9-56
6.14-12
4.2-54
4.3-16
4.3-17
4.3-51
4.3-73
4. 3-?'
-------
O
PI
ft
0)
2/4/80
<
i
vo
TABLE D-l
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Tetrachloroethylene Sedimentation with
(continued) (Alum)
Sedimentation with
(Alum, Polymer)
Sedimentation with
(Lime)
Sedimentation with
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with
(Alum, Lime)
Gas Flotation with
(Alum, Polymer)
Chemical Addition
Chemical Addition
Chemical Addition
Chemical Addition
Chemical Addition
Chemical Addition
, Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with
(Polymer)
Filtration
Activated Filters
Lagoon (Aerated)
Steam Stripping
Granular Activated
Chemical Addition
Carbon Adsorption
(continued)
Number
of data
points
1
3
1
1
1
1
4
1
7
11
1
3
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
ng/L
45
44
oc
>0
95
94
0
>99
>99
>60
>99
68
Volume III
page Is)
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
5.1-46,
5.
5.5-13,
6.
3-16
3-17
3-51
3-73
3-21
5-6
5-20
5-7
6-71
, 5.1-56
3-18
5.5-15
1-69
-------
a
rt
N)
00
o
Pollutant
Toluene
J>
1
vo
CO
TABLE D-l (continued)
Number
of data
Pollution treatment technology points
Sedimentation 7
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum) 3
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer) 4
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime) 1
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer) 1
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer) 2
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime) 2
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer) 1
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer) 4
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer) 1
Filtration 16
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration,
ug/L
9.5b
<10
1
3
10
5
0.4"
1,900
14-
72
4.5
1ROa'b
900
130
<0.1
Volume III
page(s)
4.2-12
4.2-107
4.3-64
4.3-54
4.3-66
4.3-73
4.3-62
4.3-25
4.3-47
4.3-21
4.5-6
4.S-21
4.5-18
4.5-3
4.6-13, 4.6-16
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency, volume III
» page(s)
76 4.2-19
93 4.3-64
73 4.3-17
0C 4.3-66
Oc 4.1-73
39 4.3-25
96 4.3-21
10 4.5-6
65 4.5-18
59 4.5-3
>99 4.6-16, 4.6-71
-------
o
pi
ft
(D
ro
TABLE D-l (continued)
CD
O
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
Toluene (continued) Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Solvent Extraction
b 4.5-21
30 4.5-19
>99
>95
96
>99
79
12
31
71
10
0
0C
86
Volume III
page(s)
5.1-40, 5.1-45,
5.1-39, 5.1-124
5.3-18, 5.3-44
5.6-13
6.1-46
6.2-9
6.9-54
6.14-13
4.2-19
4.3-16
4.3-54
4.3-25
4.5-19
Filtration
<0.5
4.6-41
>90
4.6-71
-------
o
rt
NJ
TABLE D-l (continued)
on
o
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
Trichloroethylene (continued) Activated Sludge 13
Trickling Filters 1
Steam Stripping 5
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption 2
^*
1
' ' Reverse Osmosis 1
O
Ozonation 1
Vinyl chloride Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption 1
Chlordane Filtration 1
4, 4* -DDT Sedimentation with chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime) 1
Heptachlor Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime) 1
Activated Sludge 1
a-BHC Filtration 2
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
lig/L
<0.5a
<0.5
1
99 S.l-45, 5.1-46,
5.1-48, 5.1-103
0C 5.2-27
>99 5.5-13, 5.5-15
58 6.1-69
60 6.9-57
0° 6.14-13
0C 6.1-28
37 4.6-23
>52 4.3-47
>29 4.3-47
76 5.1-97
77 4.6-23
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
6.1-46
>47
6.1-46
-------
a
PI
n-
(D
to
* TABLE D-l
00
o
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
B-BHC Filtration
Aroclor 1254 Filtration
Total aroclorsi 1232, 1242,
1248. 1260 Filtration
Antimony Sedimentation
. Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
> (Alum)
1 Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
JT (Aim, Polymer)
11 Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(BaCla)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime)
Gac Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
(continued)
Number
of data
points
1
1
1
18
2
1
7
1
1
4
1
5
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
yg/L
55
650
480
1
23
29
1.9
<50
43
3.5
2,200
<10
64b
Volume III
page(s)
4.6-23
4.6-23
4.6-23
4.2-34
4.3-13
4.3-54
4.3-58
4.3-65
4.3-62
4.3-81
4.5-6
4.5-21
4.5-7
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency.
%
21
20
16
98
oc
0C
83
>0
44
30
6
>89
0C
Volimw III
page(s)
4.6-23
4.6-23
4.6-23
4.2-114
4.3-13, 4.3-64
4.3-54
4.3-24
4.3-65
4.3-62
4.3-81
4.5-6
4.5-21
4.5-7
-------
D
01
ft"
0)
TABLE D-l (continued)
CO
O '
Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration,
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points lig/L
Antimony (continued) Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer) 1
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Polymer) 1
Filtration 16
Activated Sludge 18
< Lagoon (Aerated) 1
!> Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption 8
1
j^ Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
^ (With Activated Sludge) 1
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption 1
Reverse Osmosis 11
donation 2
Arsenic Sedimentation 27
18
3
<10
0.3
30
24*
36
41
150
2
25b
<2
Highest
observed
removal
Volume III efficiency
page(s) %
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.6-25, 4.6-35
5.1-105
5.3-18
6.1-39, 6.1-46
6.1-44
6.2-5
6.2-12
6.9-49
6.14-13
4.2-27, 4.2-45,
4.2-47, 4.2-51,
4.2-54
81
62
89
90
82
33
5
0C
60
0°
>99
Volume III
page(s)
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.6-33
5.1-106
5.3-18
6.1-41
6.2-5
6.2-12
6.9-49
6.14-12, 6.14-13
4.2-27, 4.2-44,
4.2-45, 4.2-47,
4.2-51, 4.2-53,
4.2-54
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
<1
4.3-64
>37
4.3-64
-------
ft
(D
to
CO
o
1
o
OJ
TABLE D-l (continued)
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Arsenic (continued) Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Bad,)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Sulfide complex)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Polymer)
Filtration
Number
of data
points
1
11
2
2
1
1
4
1
4
1
1
8
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
ng/L
12
99
75
>33
>99
0C
>99
56
80
65
0C
>99
Volume III
page(s)
4.3-54
4.3-83
4.3-73
4.3-65
4.3-29
4.3-47
4.3-81
4.5-6
4.5-21
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.6-33
-------
a
0)
rt
(D
TABLE D-l (continued)
GO
O
M
O
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Arsenic (continued) Activated Sludge
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Reverse Osmosis
Ozonation
f
Asbestos Sedimentation
Beryllium Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime)
Filtration
Lagoon (Aerated)
Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration,
points pg/L
8 <5
<5a
7 <1
10 <1
2 4a
43
26 4.6 X 10e
8 <1
1 2.2
2 0.8
2 <-5
4 1.2"'b
1 <1
Volume III
page(s)
5.1-45
5.1-63, 5.1-68
6.1-46
6.9-50, 6.9-52,
6.9-56, 6.9-59
6.14-13
6.14-12
4.2-84
4.2-13
4.3-64
4.3-82
4.3-80
4.6-13
5.3-18
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency,
t
>96
>99
>99
48
>99
>98
oe
76
>85
71
>50
Volume III
page (s)
5.1-45
6.1-46
6.9-50
6.14-12
4.2-44, .2-46,
4.2-47, .2-51,
4.2-54, .2-55,
4.2-56, .2-57,
4.2-59. .2-60,
4.2-61, .2-62,
4.2-64, .2-84
4.2-13
4.3-64
4.3-82
4. 3-80
4.6-72
5.3-18
-------
o
PJ
ri-
ft
to
^ TABLE D-l
o
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Beryllium (continued) Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Reverse Osmosis
Cadmium Sedimentation
^ Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
Ip (Alum)
1 Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
I ' (Alum, Polymer)
O
U! Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Line)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Sulfide complex)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Line)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
(continued)
Number
of data
points
3
2
18
2
2
9
4
2
2
4
1
6
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
lig/L
2
<0.5
2»
<5
2.9
30
0.2
10b
15
8
60
<0.5
40
>2
Volume III
page(s)
6.1-58
6.9-53
4.2-10
4.2-45, 4.2-54,
4.2-47, 4.2-51
4.3-64
4.3-22
4.3-74
4.3-68
4.3-44
4.3-29
4.3-32
4.3-79
4.5-6
4.5-9, 4.5-20,
4.5-21
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency,
*
0
>85
>99
>88
61
99
93
>99
50
>50
0
>98
Volume III
paged)
6.1-58
6.9-53
4.2-45, 4.2-52,
4.2-54, 4.2-124
4.3-16
4.3-22
4.3-74
4.3-44
4.3-29
4.3-32
4.3-79
4.5-6
4. 5-21
-------
a
(D
to
-^.
ao
TABLE D-l (continued)
pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Cadmium (continued) Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate, lime. Polymer)
Filtration
Oltrafiltration
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge)
Ion Exchange
Reverse Osmosis
Ozonction
ChrcaUuB Sedimentation
Lowest Highest
observed observed
Number effluent removal
of data concentration. Volume III efficiency. Volume III
points ug/L page(s) % page(s)
1
1
22
3
17
1
5
1
1
11
1
30
5b 4.5-7
S15 4.5-10
<1 4.6-17, 4.6-18,
4.6-20
<5 4.7-28
<0.5 5.1-60, 5.1-65,
5.1-68, 5.1-100
<2 S.3-18
5.2 6.1-46
10 6.2-4
<10* 6.7-13
<0.5 6.9-53
250 6.14-12
6* 4.2-10, 4.2-50,
<10 4.2-54, 4.2-45.
4.2-47
0C 4.5-7
284 4.5-10
>99 4.6-33
>93 4.7-30
>99 5.1-65
>97 5.3-18
95 6.1-46
0C 6.2-4
>99 6.7-13
SO 6.9-58
0° 6.14-12
>99 4.2-20. 4.2-44,
4.2-49, 4.2-50,
4.2-124
-------
0
{a
rt
fl>
to
CO
o
<
1
I-J
o
-J
TABLE D-l
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Chromium Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Aim)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Bad,)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Sulfide complex)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alua, Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime)
Gae Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gae Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
(continued)
Number
of data
points
4
4
10
5
2
2
2
1
4
1
6
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration.
17b
40
30
<2a
5
30
25
30
<4
31
<2
360
100
28b
Volume III
Page(s)
4.3-64
4.3-16
4.3-20
4.3-84
4.3-75
4.3-72
4.3-65
4.3-29
4.3-62
4.3-47
4.3-80
4.5-6
4.5-9
4.5-7
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency.
98
95
97
98
93
>99
97
72
>95
19
67
0°
Volume III
paged)
4.3-16
4.3-22
4.3-75
4.3-72
4.3-60
4.3-29
4.3-25
4.3-47
4.3-80
4.5-6
4.5-9
4.5-7
-------
D
QJ
rt
NJ
fe.
CO
0
5*
if
i
M
o
CO
TABLE D-l
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Chromium (continued) Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Line, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Polymer)
Filtration
Ultrafiltration
Activated Sludge
Trickling Filters
Lagoon (Aerated)
Lagoon (Tertiary)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge)
Ion Exchange
Reverse Osmosis
Ozonation
Chemical Reduction
(continued)
Number
of data
points
1
1
22
1
34
1
3
1
11
4
1
13
1
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
vg/L
S27
58
<4
2,900
<0.2
17
9
<10d
5.2
24
10
<1
6.3b
130,000
Volume III
page(s)
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.6-37
4.7-30
5.1-63, 5.1-64,
5.1-101
5.2-27
5.3-18
5.3-33
6.1-43
6.2-7
6.7-13
6.9-51
6.14-13
6.15-8
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency.
£93
59
>99
67
99
0°
99
»71
95
97
>99
>99
0C
58
Volume III
page (a)
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.6-34
4.7-30
5.1-39
5.2-27
5.3-15
5.3-33
6.1-43
6.2-6
6.7-13
6.9-11
6.14-13
6.15-8
-------
rr
fO
to
co
o
<;
1
I-1
O
VO
TABLE D-l (continued)
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
Copper Sedimentation 44
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum) 4
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer) 4
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime) 16
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer) 10
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Bad a) 2
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Sulfide complex) 2
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer) 3
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime) 2
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
Mg/L
<4
99
>99
80
>99
>99
73
>99
>89
88
Volume III
page(s)
.2-13, 4.2-20,
.2-44, 4.2-47,
.2-49, 4.2-51,
.2-52, 4.2-53,
.2-54, 4.2-84,
.2-124
4.3-12
4.3-17
4.3-38
4.3-31, 4.3-39,
4.3-61
4.3-60
4.3-29
4.3-62
4.3-21
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime)
4.3-76, 4.3-77
92
4.3-80
-------
D
D)
ft
(D
NJ
00
o
TABLE D-l (continued)
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Copper (continued) Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polyner)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate, Line, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Polymer)
Filtration
Ultrafiltration
Activated Sludge
Trickling Filters
Lagoon (Aerated)
Lagoon (Tertiary)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Number
of data
points
1
5
2
1
1
36
3
37
2
4
1
12
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
ug/L
660
150
50*
81
73
400b
2.5«'b
<4
13
<500
<500a
<0.2
42
5
18
<4
Highest
observed
renoval
Volume III efficiency^
page (s ) t
4.S-6
4.5-18
4.5-7
4.5-3
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.6-13
4.6-37
4.6-64
4.7-28
4.7-29
5.1-99, 5.1-101,
5.1-104
5.2-27
5.3-15
5.3-33
6.1-45
19
91
75
98
oc
>99
90
>99
0C
94
0C
>85
Volume III
page (s)
4.5-6
4.5-18
4.5-3
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.6-33
4.7-30
5.1-99, 5.1-101,
5.1-104
5.2-27
5.3-18
5.3-33
6.1-45
-------
D
fa
CO
o
TABLE D-l (continued)
>
I
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology ;
Copper (continued) Powdered Activated Carbon Adaorption
(With Activated Sludge)
Chemical Oxidation
Ion Exchange
Reverse Oemoeia
Oconation
Lead Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(BaClj)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Sulfide complex)
Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration
points M9/L
3
1
2
25
2
35
3
4
13
8
2
2
7
320
90
9*
9
89b
<5
23
73
<3
<20
3O
2OO
Highest
observed
removal
, Volume III efficiency. Volume III
page(s) % Da9«(s>
6.2-4
6.3-17
6.7-13
6.9-50
6.9-51
6.14-13
4.2-92
4.3-12
4.3-54
4.3-82, 4.3-8S
4.3-44
4.3-60
4.3-26
4.3-29
96 6.2-6
14 6.3-17
>99 6.7-12
>99 6.9-11
0C 6.14-12, 6.14-13
>99 4.2-20, 4.2-45,
4.2-47, 4.2-49,
4.2-51, 4.2-52,
4.2-53, 4.2-54
18 4.3-12
>96 4.3-17
99 4.3-75
98 4.1-7O, 4.3-73
83 4.3-60
96 4.3-29
-------
D
0)
rt
n>
*».
co TAtsirh; u-i (continued)
o
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
Lead (continued) Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer) 3
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime) 1
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime) 3
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
1 (Alum, Polymer) 1
l_j Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
fO (Calcium chloride. Polymer) 6
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer) 2
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer) 1
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Polymer) 1
Filtration 32
Ultraflltration 3
Activated Sludge 26
Trickling Filters 1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration
yg/L
<22»
70
<200
<3
1,000
67
96
0
98
>29
298
274
>99
>95
99
Oc
, Volume III
« age ( s )
4.3-25
4.3-21
4.3-80
4.5-6
4.5-9, 4.5-18,
4.5-19, 4.5-20
4.5-3
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.6-28
4.7-30
5.1-105
5.2-27
-------
o
ft)
ft
0)
to
00
o
<
I
TABLE D-l (continued)
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology polnta
Lead (contlnuad) Lagoon (Aerated)
Lagoon (Tertiary)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge)
Chemical Oxidation
Ion exchange
tverse Osmosis
Ozonation
Chemical Reduction
Mercury Sedimentation
sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
2
1
7
2
1
1
11
1
1
22
2
3
9
Loveit
observed
effluent
concentration,
wg/L
<20
72
>72
>78
0°
99
>99
>29
25
>99
>62
88
>96
Volume III
oage(s)
5.3-15
5.3-32
6.1-46
6.2-6
6.3-17
6.7-12
6.9-11
6.14-13
6.15-8
4.2-26, 4.2-124
4.3-16
4.3-20
4.2-59
-------
rr
(D
NJ
OO
O
£
jL
M
U
TABLE D-l
pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Mercury (continued) Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(BaCla)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Sulfide complex)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Ga* Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Polymer)
Filtration
Ultrafiltration
Activated Sludge
(continued)
Number
of data
points
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
3
1
1
9
2
9
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
(ig/L
0.1
0.5
20
<0.3«
140
2
<0.2
1
<0. 2
SO. 97
1.2
0.3"
<0.5
0.4
<0.5
Volume III
cage (s)
4.3-71
\
4.3-65
4.3-29
4.3-62
4.3-25
4.3-21
4 . 3-80
4.5-6
4.5-19, 4.5-20
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.6-37
4.6-19, 4.6-20
4.7-29
5.1-62, 5.1-97
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency,
t
0C
87
>99
99
71
>60
33
>90
£64
40
86
20
>87
Volume III
Dage(s)
4.3-71
4.3-65
4.3-29
4.3-25
4.3-21
4.3-80
4.5-6
4.5-19
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.6-71, 4.6-72
4.7-29
5 . 1-97
-------
D
Qi
rt
(D
oo
o
TABLE D-l (continued)
M
tn
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Mercury (continued) Lagoon (Aerated)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge)
Reverse Osmosis
Nickel Sedimentation
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Sulfide complex)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
Number
of data
points
1
3
1
5
30
3
3
13
4
2
1
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
H9/L
0.1
0.4b
0.4
0.6
99
>99
0C
>60
>99
>S6
>97
99
96
96
35
>83
Volume III
page(s)
5.3-18
6.1-7
6.2-6
6.9-53
4.2-13, 4.2-44,
4.2-46, 4.2-49,
4.2-124
4.3-16
4.3-17
4.3-74
4.3-68
4. 3-29
4.3-62
4.3-47
-------
ft
n>
NJ
TABLE D-l (continued]
<
i
M
cr\
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Nickel (continued) Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Filtration
Dltrafiltration
Activated sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge)
Ion Exchange
Reverse Osmosis
ozonation
Nickel (dissolved) Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Number
of data
points
1
5
2
1
17
1
32
3
7
3
2
13
2
1
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration. Volume III
ug/L page(s)
270 4
<5 4
32b 4
<5 4
<5 4
<500 4
4 5
30 5
<36 6
<10 6.2-4
<10e 6
.5-6
.5-9
.5-3
.5-10
.6-72
.7-30
.1-62
.3-15
.1-69
, 6.2-6
.7-13
<1 6.9-49, 6.9-51
66b 6
20 4
2,500 4
.14-13
.3-67
.3-69
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency,
41
>94
0=
>96
>99
>32
92
50
68
>58
>99
>98
oc
>99
99
Volume III
page (a)
4.5-6
4.5-9
4.5-3, 4.5-7
4.5-10
4.6-33, 4.6-72
4.7-30
5.1-62
5.3-15
6.1-47
6.2-6
6.7-13
6.9-11
6.14-12, 6.14-13
4.3-67
4 . 3-69
-------
o
CU
ft
(D
00
o
TABLE D-l (continued)
Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration.
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points uq/L
Selenium Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(BaCla)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Filtration
Activated sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Lagoon (Tertiary)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
19
5
3
1
2
1
1
6
1
1
1
4
<2a
3
2.3b
a
10
10
7*
32
SI
2b
<1
41
<200
18
<1
Highest
observed
removal
Volume III efficiency,
page (a) t
4.2-35
4.2-15
4.3-82
4.3-85
4.3-68, 4.3-73
4.3-65
4.3-77
4.3-81
4.5-6
4.5-21
4.6-24
5.1-48
5.3-18
5.3-33
6.1-41
>99
0C
oc
oc
24
0
0°
10
oc
>50
44
>50
Volume III
page Is)
4.2-51
4.3-82, 4.3-87
4.3-83, 4.3-59
4.3-68, 4.3-73,
4.3-71
4.3-65
4.3-81
4.5-6
4.5-21
4.6-17
5.1-48
5.3-18
5.3-33
6.1-41
powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge)
<20
6.2-4
>13
6.2-4
-------
D
0)
ft
(D
to
CO
0
*
1
H-
1 '
CO
TABLE D-l (continued)
Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration,
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points M9/L
Silver Sedimentation IS 3
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum) 2 72
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer) 1 11
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime) 6 0.4
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer) 1 90
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(BaCla) 1 20
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition a fa
(Sulflde complex) 2 <10 '
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer) 1 66
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer) 2 <15
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition fa
(Polymer) 1 29
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer) 1 <1
Highest
observed
removal
Volume III efficiencj
page(s) %
4.2-10, 4.2-4S, >99
4.2-47, 4.2-51,
4.2-52, 4.2-53
4.3-64 10
4.3-54 21
4.3-85 >80
4.3-73 0C
4.3-60 0C
4.3-26 >99
4.5-6 44
4.5-20 >75
Volume III
Page(s)
4.2-51, 4.2-124
4.3-64
4.3-54
4.3-23
4.3-73
4.3-60
4 . 3-29
4.5-6
4.5-20
4.5-7
4.5-10
-------
ft
(D
K)
00
o
TABLE D-l (continued)
VO
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Silver (continued) Filtration
Activated Sludge
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Ion Exchange
Reverse Osmosis
Osonation
Thallium Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime I
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Filtration
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Reverse Osmosis
Lowest Highest
observed observed
Number effluent removal
of data concentration. Volume III efficiency,
points pg/L page(s) %
12
17
6
2
13
2
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
2
3
<5 4.6-25, 4.6-40
<5 5.1-68, 5.1-69,
5.1-99, 5.1-101,
5.1-102, 5.1-106
<5 6.1-44
<10" 6.7-13
<0.2 6.9-52
16b 6.14-13
<5 4.2-15, 4.2-92
<5 4.2-13
<1 4.3-82
<1 4.3-8O
50b 4.5-21
14b 4.5-3
<10 4.6-71
29 5.1-113
13 5.3-44
1 6.9-50
>83
>96
36
>99
92
Oc
>83
>88
>88
0C
0C
>55
38
>80
89
Volume III
page(s)
4.6-25
5.1-68
6.1-69
6.7-13
6.9-53
6.14-12, 6.14-13
4.2-92
4. 3-82
4.3-80
4.5-21
4.5-3
4.6-71
5.1-113
5.3-18
6.9-50
-------
o
(U
ri-
fD
rO
CO
O
<
">
1
t-1
to
o
TABLE D-l
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Zinc Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(BaClj)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Sulfide complex)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime)
(continued)
Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration. Volume III
points M9/L pa99 4.2-45, 4.2-47,
4.2-49, 4.2-51,
4.2-52, 4.2-54,
4.2-84, 4.2-124,
4.2-129
85 4.3-16
83 4.3-22
>99 4.3-38, 4.3-40
>99 4.3-39, 4.3-31,
4.3-61, 4.3-70,
4.3-73
80 4.3-60
>99 4.3-29
97 4.3-62
>99 4.3-21
>97 4.3-80
-------
D
(D
ft
0>
TABLE D-l (continued)
00
o
timber
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
Zinc (continued) Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Polymer)
Filtration
Ultrafiltration
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Lagoon (Tertiary)
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge)
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
1
6
2
1
1
42
6
36
3
2
18
3
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentrat ion ,
lig/L
2,300
10d
<10
130
910b
16
180
48«
68
49
100b
120
<1
78"
110
80
Volume III
paqe(s)
4.5-6
4.S-18
4.5-3
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.6-33
4.7-30
5.1-48
5.1-35
5.3-15
5.3-33
5.3-32
6.1-44
6.2-5
6.2-6
6.2-12
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency,
*
iO
>99
>60
95
Oc
>99
98
92
>99
86
>99
98
Oc
Volume III
page(s)
4.5-6
4.5-18
4.5-J
4.5-10
4.5-11
4.6-33
4.7-16, 4.7-30
5.1-39
5.3-18
5.3-32
6.1-44
6.2-6
6.2-12
-------
D
fl)
ft
(D
ro
oo
o
TABLE D-l (continued)
i
(-
to
Lowest
observed
Number effluent
of data concentration
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points pg/L
Zinc (continued Ion Exchange 1 400
Reverse Osmosis 40 <2a
<2
Ozonation 3 90
Chemical Reduction 1 1,500
Asbestos1 Filtration 8 8 x 10»
Sedinentation with Chemical Addition
(Line) 1 6.1 x 10*
Sedinentation with Chemical Addition
(Line, Polymer) 1 8.2 x 10"
Sedinentation with Chemical Addition
(BaCla) 2 5.7 x 10*
Asbestos (chrysotlle) Sedinentation 16 3.3 x 10'
Filtration 3 1 x 10s
Highest
observed
removal
Volume III efficiency
page(s) %
6,7-13 -'i
6.9-48, 6.9-52, >99
6.9-53
6.14-14 96
6.15-7 97
4.6-46 >99
4.3-52 95
4.3-61 >99
4.3-65 75
4.2-65 >99
4.6-53 >99
Volume III
page (s)
6.7-13
6.2-24, 6.2-37
6.14-14
6.15-7
4.6-43, 4.6-46,
4.6-52, 4.6-55,
4.6-56
4. I-S2
4. 3-61
4.3-65
.2-55, 4.2-56,
.2-57, 4.2-59,
.2-60, 4.2-61,
.2-62, 4.2-64,
.J-65, 4.2-67
.6-51, 4.6-53,
.6-54
-------
o
fit
ft
(D
to
-s.
00
o
<
1
I-1
ro
***
TABLE D-l
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Total chlorine Solvent Extraction
Total residual chlorine Dechlorination
Fluoride Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Oil and grease Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
(continued)
Number
of data
points
11
1
4
2
1
25
1
4
2
6
1
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
Ug/L
1,800
20
140
250
130,000
i,ioob
2,000
11,000
4,000
1,000
300
22,000
<16,000
Volume III
Page (t)
5.6-11
6.13-4
4.2-119
4.3-74
4.3-69
4.2-12
4.2-130
4.3-16
4.3-54
4.3-67
4.3-69
4.3-25
4.3-21
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency.
9--.
n
72
98
92
99
99
99
82
94
98
>98
Volume III
page(s)
5.6-11
6.13-4
4.2-119
4.3-67
4.3-69
4.2-120, 4.2-130
4.3-16
4.3-20
4.3-66
4.3-69, 4.3-70,
4.3-73
4.3-25
4.3-21
-------
o
p>
ft
(D
NJ
00
O
\->
to
TABLE D-l (continued)
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology
Oil and grease (continued) Gas Flotation with
(Alum)
Gas Flotation with
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with
(Calcium chloride
Gas Flotation with
(Polymer)
Gas Flotation with
(Ferrous sulfate.
, Gas Flotation with
(Ferrous sulfate.
Gas Flotation with
(Lime, Polymer)
Filtration
Ultrafiltration
Activated Sludge
Lagoon (Aerated)
Rotating Biological
Chemical Addition
Chemical Addition
Chemical Addition
, Polymer)
Chemical Addition
Chemical Addition
Lime, Polymer)
Chemical Addition
Polymer)
Chemical Addition
Contactors
Number
of data
points
4
2
6
3
1
1
1
15
11
7
1
5
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
lig/L
<10
76
128
53
16
28
101
190
5
90
<5
17
13
.000"
,000*
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
<500
,000*
,000
,000
,000
,000
Volume III
page(s)
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
.5-22
.5-6
.5-14
.5-12
.5-7
.5-10
.5-11
.5-16
.6-48
.7-14
.7-27
.1-42
.3-15
.4-8
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency,
%
>99
85
90
68
97
70
66
>98
>99
>98
98
21
Volume III
oaqe (s)
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
.5-22
.5-14
.5-12
.5-15
.5-10
.5-11
.5-16
.6-48
.7-30
.1-42
.3-15
.4-5
-------
0
01
rt
(D
N)
>>.
it*.
00
o
TABLE D-l (continued)
N)
Ul
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
Oil and grease (continued) Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge)
Reverse Osmosis
Ozonation
Total phosphorus Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Lime)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Alum, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride. Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer)
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Polymer)
11
4
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
Iig/L
1,800
11,000
<4,000*
<4,000
4,000
13,900
2,300
1,600
<70
12,200
1,700
i,ooob
140
300
Volume III
oa75
49
96
0°
99
98
Volume III
paqe (s)
6.1-47
6.2-«
6.9-17
6.14-14
4.2-10
4.3-64
4.3-54
4.3-47
4.5-6
4.5-21
4.5-7
4.5-10
4.5-11
-------
ri-
(D
NJ
CO
o
o>
TABLE D-l (continued)
Pollutant
Total phosphorus (continued)
Aluminum
Iron
Manganese
Molybdennim
Acetaldehyde
Acetic acid
Acetone
Ammonia-Nitrogen
Pollution treatment technology
Filtration
Activated Sludge
Rotating Biological Contactors
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Ozonation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Ion Exchange
Lagoon (Anaerobic)
Lagoon (Anaerobic)
Solvent Extraction
Chemical Oxidation
Air Stripping
Number
of data
points
7
28
5
5
1
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration ,
M9/L
230
150
3,000
1,000
1,100
20
30
20
1,290
10
220
12,000
124
41,000
Volume III
paqe(s)
4.6-39
5.1-59
5.4-8
6.1-43
6.14-13
4.3-74
4.3-74
4.3-74
6.7-10
5.3-36
5.3-36
5.6-23
6.3-16
6.4-6
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency.
83
97
21
57
0
97
>99
99
94
67
0C
57
36
90
Volume III
paoe ( s )
4.6-24
5.1-59
5.4-7
6.1-43
6.14-13
4.3-74
4.3-74
4.3-74
6.7-10
5.3-36
5.3-35, 5.3-36,
5.3-37
5.6-26
6.3-16
6.4-6
-------
ft
ro
to
00
o
TABLE D-l (continued)
<
I
-J
Pollutant
Butyric acid
Calcium
Chlorida
Chromium (+3)
Chroml <»(+«)
Chromium (dissolved)
Number
of data
Pollution treatment technology points
Lagoon (Anaerobic)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime)
Filtration
Reverse Osmosis
Sedimentation
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
Filtration
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
(With Activated Sludge)
Ion Exchange
Reverse Osmosis
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Line)
Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(Lime, Polymer)
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration
pg/L
300
230,000
19 x 10*
610
15
S
5
20
<20
<20
10
iob
40
1,300
, Volume III
page(s)
5.3-35
4.3-74
4.3-75
4.6-50
6.9-11
4.2-10
4.3-73
4.6-17. 4.6-18
6.1-52
6.2-6, 6.2-7
6.7-13
6.9-11
4.3-67
4.3-69
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency ,
%
0C
57
26
95
>99
0
82
0
d6
>33
>64
>99
oc
>99
99
Volume III
page(s)
5.3-35, 5.3-37
4.3-74
4.3-75
4.6-50
6.9-11
4.2-10
4.3-73
4.6-17
4.6-18
6.1-52
6.2-7
6.7-13
6.9-11
4.3-67
4.3-69
-------
rt
(D
TABLE D-l (continued)
2/4/80
*
1
h-1
to
OO
Number
of data
Pollutant Pollution treatment technology points
Dichlorobenzene Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Calcium chloride, Polymer) 1
Gas Flotation with Chemical Addition
(Ferrous sulfate. Lime, Polymer) 1
Methyl ethyl ketone Solvent Extraction 7
m,p-Cresol Solvent Extraction 1
o-Cresol Solvent Extraction 9
Propionic acid Lagoon (Anaerobic) 2
Radium (dissolved) Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(BaClj) 7
Ion Exchange 1
Radiunaae (total) Sedimentation with Chemical Addition
(BaCla) 10
RadiuB (total) Ion Exchange 1
Styrene Solvent Extraction 1
TDS Reverse Osmosis 5
Xylenes Activated Sludge 1
Trickling Filters 1
Solvent Extraction 3
Lowest
observed
effluent
concentration,
gg/L
260
18b
12,000
25,000
2,300
470
<0.75*
<2
<1
1.1
7.2
<1,000
24
<2.0b
2
<1,000
Volume III
naae (si
4.
4.
5.
5.
5.
5.
4.
4.
6.
4.
6.
5.
6.
5.
5.
5.6-13
5-21
5-10
6-26
6-15
6-20
3-35
3-51
3-50
7-11
3-60
7-11
6-12
9-13
1-121
2-27
, 5.6-14
Highest
observed
removal
efficiency ,
»
76
0=
95
91
>99
0=
>99
>99
>99
99
>93
98
>0
oc
>98
Volume III
page (s)
4
4
5
5
5
5.3-35
4
6
4
6.
5.
6,
5,
5
5
.5-21
.5-10
.6-26
.6-15
.6-22
, 5.3-37
.3-60
.7-11
.3-60
.7-11
,6-12
.9-9
.1-121
.:-27
.6-14
The removal efficiency associated with this sample was less than the median.
The effluent concentration reported was hiqher than the influent concentration for the pollution control device tested.
Actual data Indicate neqative removal.
The concentration was rei»orted as "not detected."
The concentration was reported as "below detection limits."
Units given in fibers/L.
Units qiven in picoCi/L.
-------
APPENDIX E
REGRESSION ANALYSIS
(To be supplied)
Date: 2/4/80 V.A-129
-------
GLOSSARY
AAP: Army Ammunitions Plant.
AN: Ammonium Nitrate.
ANFO: Ammonium Nitrate/Fuel Oil.
BATEA: Best Available Technology Economically Achievable.
BAT: Best Applicable Technology.
BEJ: Best Engineering Judgment.
BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand.
clarification: Process by which a suspension is clarified to
give a "clear" supernatant.
cryolite: A mineral consisting of sodium-aluminum fluoride.
CWA: Clean Water Act.
cyanidation process: Gold and/or silver are extracted from
finely crushed ores, concentrates, tailings, and low-grade
mine-run rock in dilute, weakly alkaline solutions of
potassium or sodium cyanide.
comminutor: Mechanical devices that cut up material normally
removed in the screening process.
effluent: A waste product discharged from a process.
EGD: Effluent Guidelines Division.
elutriation: The process of washing and separating suspended
particles by decantation.
extraction: The process of separating the active constituents of
drugs by suitable methods.
fermentation: A chemical change of organic matter brought about
by the action of an enzyme or ferment.
Date: 2/4/80 V.G-1
-------
flocculation: The coagulation of coalescence of a finely-divided
precipitate.
fumigant: A gaseous or readily volatilizable chemical used as a
disinfectant or pesticide.
GAC: Granular Activated Carbon.
gravity concentration: A process which uses the differences in
density to separate valuable ore minerals from gangue.
gravity separation/settling: A process which removes suspended
solids by natural gravitational forces.
grit removal: Preliminary treatment that removes large objects,
in order to prevent damage to subsequent treatment and
process equipment.
influent: A process stream entering the treatment system.
intake: Water, such as tap or well water, that is used as
makeup water in the process.
lagoon: A shallow artificial pond for the natural oxidation of
sewage and ultimate drying of the sludge.
LAP: Loading Assembly and Packing operations.
LEDS: Liquid Effluent Data System.
MHF: Multiple Hearth Furnace.
neutralization: The process of adjusting either an acidic or a
basic wastestream to a pH in the range of seven.
NPDES: National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System.
NRDC: Natural Resources Defense Council.
NSPS: New Source Performance Standards.
photolysis: Chemical decomposition or dissociation by the action
of radiant energy.
PCB: PolyChlorinated Biphenyl.
POTW: Public Owned Treatment Works.
PSES: Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources.
purged: Removed by a process of cleaning; take off or out.
Date: 2/4/80 V. G-2
-------
screening process: A process used to remove coarse and/or gross
solids from untreated wastewater before subsequent treatment,
SIC: Standard Industrial Classification.
SS: Suspended Solids.
SRT: Solids Retention Time.
starved air combustion: Used for the volumetric and organic
reduction of sludge solids.
terpene: Any of a class of isomeric hydrocarbons.
thermal drying: Process in which the moisture in sludge is
reduced by evaporation using hot air, without the solids
being combusted.
TKN: Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen.
TOC: Total Organic Carbon.
trickling filter: Process in which wastes are sprayed through
the air to absorb oxygen and allowed to trickle through a
bed of rock or synthetic media coated with a slime of micro-
bial growth to remove dissolved and collodial biodegradable
organics.
TSS: Total Suspended Solids.
vacuum filtration: Process employed to dewater sludges so that
a coke is produced having the physical handling character-
istics and contents required for processing.
VSS: Volatile Suspended Solids.
WQC: Water Quality Criterion.
Date: 2/4/80 V. G-3
-------
|