EPA-908/3-76-001
AMMONIA TOXICITY
BY
WILLIAM T. WILLINGHAM
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY BRANCH
WATER DIVISION
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION VIII
FEBRUARY, 1976
Document is available to the public through the National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, Virginia 22151 and the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Region VIII, Denver, Colorado 80203.
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EPA REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection
Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that
the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the
Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
11
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ABSTRACT
Several authors have reported that the harmful effects of ammonia
are primarily related to the pH and temperature of the water because only
the un-ionized ammonia is toxic. The un-ionized fraction increases with
rising pH values and with rising temperature.
Other factors such as dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, free carbon
dioxide, sodium ions, total dissolved solids, prior exposure to ammonia,
physical stress, general physiological status, and the presence of other
additive toxins or other mitigating parameters will have a great effect on
the overall toxicity of ammonia to aquatic organisms. .
The actual reported toxic concentrations of ammonia vary from
0.16 mg/1 to 16.5 mg/1 NH^-N. This apparent variability often resulted
from the investigator's failure to report pH and temperature values as
well as other factors which may have biased their results. It
appears that the highest concentration of un-ionized ammonia which
apparently will not cause any adverse effects is 0.02 mg/1 NH3-N.
111
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CONTENTS
Page
Abstract ill
Introduction 1
Critical Variables Affecting Ammonia Toxicity 4
pH 4
Temperature 5
Total Dissolved Solids - Salinity 9
Free Carbon Dioxide 9
Dissolved Oxygen 10
Bicarbonate Alkalinity 11
Prior Exposure 11
Toxicity of Ammonia in the Presence of Other Poisons 12
Other Effects of Ammonia 13
Mechanisms of Toxic Action 13
Conclusions and Recommendations 18
APPENDIX A - Calculations of Percentages of Ionized A-l
and Un-ionized Ammonia in Ammonia-Water
Solutions
APPENDIX B - REFERENCES B-l
IV
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FIGURES
Page
Figure 1. Percentage of Un-ionized Ammonia 6
in Ammonia-Water Solutions at
Various pH and Temperature Values.
Figure 2. Deamination of Ami no Acids and 14
Production of ATP via Coupled
Transamination of Glutamate Dehydrogenase
Figure 3. Urea and Ammonia Production via the 15
Purine Pathway
Figure 4. Schematic Representation of Ionic 16
Exchanges in Brachial Cells
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TABLES
Page
Table I - Summary of Toxicity Data 2
Table II - Method for Calculating the Percentages 7
of Un-ionized Ammonia Present in
Ammonia-Water Solutions
Table III - Concentrations of Ammonia (NH4++NH3) 19
Which Contain an Un-ionized Ammonia
Concentration of 0.02 mg/1
VI
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INTRODUCTION
This document summarizes some of the present knowledge on the effect of
ammonia on fish and establishes the maximum permissible concentration limit
which shall be applicable to those waters classified for fisheries use.
Ammonia is present in most waters at varying concentrations. It
appears that several of the reported high concentrations are due primarily
to municipal sewage effluents and, to a lesser degree, certain industrial
discharges. Some agricultural discharges, such as feedlot runoffs, may also
contain high concentrations of ammonia. In some areas, especially in winter,
fish rearing facilities may contribute to the total load.
Some investigators, as early as 1913, observed that the toxic effect
of ammonia could be related to the pH of a solution. It was not until
1947 that Wuhrmann, et al. (1947) demonstrated that it was the un-ionized
ammonia that was the toxic agent and that the ionized ammonia had very
little or no toxic effect. Table I summarizes some of the un-ionized
ammonia toxicity data reported in the literature.
The terms ammonia, ammonium, ionized and un-ionized ammonia have
been a point of confusion within the literature. Lloyd and Herbert
(1960) indicated that for purposes of clarity and uniformity, the terms
"ionized ammonia" (NH|) and "un-ionized ammonia" (NH3) should be adopted to
describe the two forms of ammonia and that "ammonia" would include both
forms (NH4+ NH3). These terms will be used in this document. Reported
toxic values for ammonia either as ionized or un-ionized, are normally
expressed as either mg/1 NH3 or mg/1 NH3-N. To be consistent with the
current method of reporting ammonia, concentrations of un-ionized and
ionized ammonia as well as ammonia will be expressed as mg/1 NH3-N.
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Table I. Summary of Toxicity Data
Organism
Trout spawn
Brown trout fry
Rainbow trout
Rainbow trout
Rainbow trout
Rainbow trout
Rainbow trout
Rainbow trout
Rainbow trout
Rainbow trout
Rainbow trout
Rainbow trout
Rainbow trout
Atlantic salmon smolt
Roach
Rudd
Bream
Perch
Common carp
Common carp
Gold fish
Brook trout
Toxicity mg/1 as N
Un-ionized Ammonia
0.25-0.33 LC50
0.33 10 hr. LC60
0.4 LC50
1.5 LC50
0.4 24 hr. LC50
0.5 LC50
0.4-0.58 24 hr. LC50
0.39 24 hr. LC50
0.16 24 hr. LC50
0.18 48 hr. LC15
0.09 48 hr. LC5
0.55 44 hr. LC5
6 weeks exposure to
0.005 caused gill
hyperplasia
0.23 24 hr. LC50
0.35 96 hr. LC50
0.36 96 hr. LC50
0.4 96 hr. LC 50
0.29 96 hr. LC50
0.74-1.1 10-day LC17
0.09 35-day LC8
1.6-2.0 L.CTOO
2.5 24 hr.
Source
Wuhrmann and Woker (1948)
Penaz (1965)
Lloyd and Herbert (1960)
Merkens and Downing (1957)
Ball (1967)
Herbert and Shurben (1963)
Herbert and Shurben (1965)
Lloyd and Orr (1969)
Liebmann (1960)
Ball (1967)
Ball (1967)
Ball (1967)
Burrows,(1964)
Herbert and Shurben (1965)
Ball (1968)
Ball (1968)
Ball (1968)
Ball (1968)
Ball (1968)
Flis (1968)
McKee & Wolf (1963)
McKee & Wolf (1963)
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Table I. Summary of Toxicity Data
Toxicity mg/1 as N
Organism Un-ionized Ammonia Source
Carp, Shiner 4.0 LC1QO McKee & Wolf (1963)
Suckers, Trout 4.0 LC1QO McKee & Wolf (1963)
Creek chub 4.0 24 hr. LC , 15-21C McKee & Wolf (1963)
Suckers, Shiner, Carp 5.2 24 hr LC1QO McKee & Wolf (1963)
Bluegill, Sunfish 6.0 48 hr. LC5Q McKee & Wolf (1963)
Fathead minnows 7.0 48 hr. LC5Q McKee & Wolf (1963)
Bluegill, Sunfish 7.4 48 hr. LC5Q McKee & Wolf (1963)
Sucker, Shiner, Carp 8.0 15 min. LC10Q McKee & Wolf (1963)
Small fish 12.0 24 hr. LC1QO McKee & Wolf (1963)
Creek chub 12.0 24 hr. LC100 McKee & Wolf (1963)
Perch 12.0 LC100 McKee & Wolf (1963)
Mosquitofish 14.8 96 hr. LC5Q McKee & Wolf (1963)
From a review of the literature regarding the toxicity of ammonia to
aquatic biota, the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (1970)
concluded that it was unlikely that concentrations lower than those
adversely affecting fish would be toxic to other organisms. Therefore,
it appears that fish will be the critical organisms when establishing
an in-stream limitation and although it may appear that different species
of fish exhibit dissimilar susceptibilities to un-ionized ammonia, such is
not the case. Trout and carp are equally susceptible to un-ionized
ammonia given time to react; although time-based responses are different,
the ultimate response to a given concentration of un-ionized ammonia is the
same (Ball, 1967).
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Personal communications from Drs. Donald I. Mount and William A. Brungs,
National Water Quality Laboratory, Duluth, indicate that the, as yet
unpublished, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's "Criteria for Water
Quality" recommends that, for freshwater aquatic life, un-ionized ammonia
not exceed 0.025 mg/1 as NH3 (0.02 mg/1 NH3-N). The European Inland
Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC) has recommended the same concentra-
tion for their inland fisheries. These recommendations have been supported
by the National Water Quality Laboratory, Duluth.
CRITICAL VARIABLES AFFECTING AMMONIA TOXICITY
pH Values
Several investigators have reported values for toxic concentrations of
ammonia which appear to be at variance. Wuhrmann and Woker (1948)
demonstrated that it was the un-ionized ammonia molecule that was the
toxic agent and that as the pH of the solution increased, the fraction
of un-ionized ammonia increased correspondingly. Later studies by
Downing and Merkens (1955) confirmed that the toxicity of ammonia could
be directly related to the concentration of un-ionized ammonia present
and that the apparent discrepancies which had appeared in some earlier
reports were not at variance, but could be compatible when adjusted to
concentrations of un-ionized ammonia. In more recent work, Tabata (1962)
found that the ionized ammonia fraction could be toxic. He concluded,
however, that it was only one-fiftieth as toxic as the un-ionized fraction.
Tabata's conclusion is at variance with that of Downing and Merkens who
indicated that only the un-ionized fraction was toxic.
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Temperature
Generally, the toxicity of ammonia decreases with lower temperatures,
due mainly to decreasing fractions of un-ionized ammonia present. However,
in addition to its affect on the dissociation of ammonia, temperature
extremes also have a demonstrated affect on the performance, survival and
toxicant susceptibility of fish. This effect was borne out by studies
done by Woker (1949). He demonstrated that, although the survival time
of chub (Squalius cephalus) at constant levels of un-ionized ammonia
decreased with rising temperatures, the LC$Q remained constant.
Burrows (1964), in his observations of the toxicity of ammonia to
hatchery reared salmonids, demonstrated that the mitigating affects of
lower temperatures may hold true only to about 10 C. Burrows reported that
un-ionized ammonia was more toxic to chinook salmon below 10 C. Work done
by Brown (1969) suggests that at 3 C, the 1050 of un-ionized ammonia for rain-
bow trout is about half that found at 10 C. It appears, therefore, that the
affect which temperature has on the dissociation of ammonia could
be negated by the stress induced by lower critical temperatures. The
EIFAC (1970) has indicated that for temperatures below 5 C, the maximum
permissible concentration of un-ionized ammonia may be less than 0.02
mg/1 NH3-N.
Figure 1 demonstrates the affect which temperature and pH have on
the dissociation of ammonia. For practical purposes, the method for
calculating the percentages of un-ionized ammonia as suggested by the
European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (1970) will be used as
shown in Table II.
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JOO
Figure 1. Percentage of Un-ionized Ammonia in Ammonia-Water Solutions
at Various pH and Temperature Values
0.
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
O.O5
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Table II. Method for calculating the percentages of un-ionized ammonia
present in ammonia-water solutions.
In ammonia-water solutions, un-ionized ammonia exists in equilibrium
with the ammonium ion and hydroxide ion. Butler (1964) shows the equation
expressing this equilibrium as:
NH
3(g) + nH20(l) ~ * NH3-nH20(aq) ;" NH| + OH" + (n-1) H20(l)
Derivation formula: (NH4) (OH") _ Kb
(NH3-H20)
Temperature °C pkw(a) Pkb(b) pka(c)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
(a) pkw values from the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 50th edition,
1969, page D-120. The Chemical Rubber Company.
(b) R.G. Bates and G.D. Pinching, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1950, 72:1393.
(c) Bates and Pinching (1949) critically evaluated the constants
for the dissociation of the ammonium ion at five-degree intervals
from 0 to 50 C. In determining the constants at intermediate
temperatures, the temperature dependence of the pK values must
be established. In a recent excellent analysis of the literature
data on the ammonia-water equilibrium system, Thurston, Russo,
and Emerson (1974) devised such a calculated coefficient
utilizing computer techniques which statistically represent
a completely adequate fit to the Bates and Pinching data.
Thurston, Russo and Emerson have suggested the following equa-
tion to calculate pKa at all temperatures, in ammonia-water
solutions of zero salinity:
pKa = 0.09018 + 2729.92/T
Where T = °C + 273.2
This equation has been used in this document.
14.944
14.734
14.535
14.346
14.167
13.997
13.833
13.680
4.862
4.830
4.804
4.782
4.767
4.751
4.740
4.733
10.082
9.904
9.731
9.564
9.400
9.246
9.093
8.947
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(1) (NH+) (OH-)
~ * Kb, where Kb is the dissociation constant for ammonia
(2) (NH+) Kb
(NH3 H20) (OH~)
(3) (NHj) = -^ (NH3 . H20)
(4) (NHj) + (NH3 H20) = ammonia
(5) Substituting the value for (NH|) from equation (3) into equation (4),
Kb (NH3 H20) + (NH3- H20) = ammonia
(6) By factoring out (NH3 H20)
NH, H00 (1 + Kb) = ammonia
(7) NH3 H20 x 100 = 100 = Percent un-ionized ammonia
ammonia 1 + Kb
(OH-)
(b) Kb = Kw
Ka
(c) J
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Given a maximum permissible in-stream concentration of un-ionized
ammonia of 0.02 nig/1 NH^-N,
,. TL 0.02 mg/1 NH^-N x 100
(9) Then, _ J _ » ammonia - N
percent un-ionized ammonia
Total Dissolved Solids - Salinity
Herbert and Shurben (1965) reported that, under experimentally con-
trolled conditions of constant pH, the LCso's of ammonia to rain-
bow trout in solutions nearly isotonic with fish blood (.9%) were
approximately twice those observed in freshwater (.05%). Thurston, Russo
and Emerson (1974) indicate that an increase in solution ionic strength
results in a concomitant decrease in the un-ionized ammonia fraction of
ammonia. This, in part, could rationalize that data reported by Herbert
and Shurben. However, further work is needed to clarify the observed
mitigating affects of total dissolved solids.
Free Carbon Dioxide
Lloyd and Herbert (1960) showed that the toxicity of ammonia is
not entirely dependent on the pH value of the bulk of the solution, but
on that of the water at the gill surface. Lloyd (1961) indicated that
this value can be readily calculated from the bicarbonate alkalinity,
temperature, and free carbon dioxide concentration in the water, and
the free carbon dioxide excreted by the gills of the fish. He estimated
the concentration of excreted carbon dioxide in the respired water
(as nig. carbon dioxide/liter) by using the formula,
D.O. x R.Q. x M*1- wt- CQ2 x P ,
mol. wt. Q£ 100
where D.O. is the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water in
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mg/1, R.Q. the respiratory quotient of the fish (assumed to be 0.8),
and P the percentage removal of oxygen from the respired water. Lloyd
(1961) stated that "as the oxygen concentration of the water is reduced,
the concentration of excreted carbon dioxide at the gill surface is also
reduced and the pH value of the water at this surface rises, resulting
in an apparent increase in the toxicity of ammonia. This increase in
toxicity will become greater as the concentration of free carbon
dioxide in the bulk of the solution is reduced." However EIFAC
(1970) points out that under conditions where dissolved oxygen concentra-
tions are adequate, free carbon dioxide levels very low and pH
values high, the level of un-ionized ammonia which is toxic to fish
may be about five times greater than those indicated for polluted waters
where free carbon dioxide is high and pH lower. This manifest reduction in
toxicity is possibly due to an increased pressure gradient across the
respiratory membrane, which would facilitate the rapid excretion of
carbon dioxide.
Dissolved Oxygen
Several investigators have found that lower concentrations of
dissolved oxygen can greatly affect the toxicity of several toxins.
Downing and Merkens (1955) and Lloyd (1961) found this effect to be
quite evident with ammonia. Lloyd felt that a reduction in dissolved
oxygen concentration would be accompanied by an increased rate in
ventilation by fish. This could then increase the toxicity of
ammonia in two ways. First, the increased rate of ventilation would
effect a greater rate of exposure to the un-ionized ammonia molecule.
Secondly, increased respiration would effectively reduce the concentration of
10
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carbon dioxide being excreted at the gill surface, thereby increasing
the pH at that surface. The effects of varying concentrations of
both dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide are obviously related.
Bicarbonate Alkalinity
The most pronounced effect which bicarbonate alkalinity has on
the toxicity of ammonia is associated with the affect which it has on
the pH of the solution in conjunction with the concentration of free
carbon dioxide present. This effect has been demonstrated by Lloyd (1961).
Prior Exposure
Lloyd and Orr (1969) demonstrated that rainbow trout exposed to
sub-lethal concentrations of ammonia could then be exposed to lethal
concentrations with no apparent harm. This ability to acclimate was
retained for about one day but was lost after about three days. However,
no estimates of the maximum concentration in which a fish could survive
were given.
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TOXICITY OF AMMONIA IN THE PRESENCE OF OTHER POISONS
The European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission's "Report on
Ammonia and Inland Fisheries" (1970) states that "several tests have
been made with rainbow trout on the toxicity of mixtures of ammonia with
other poisons. Experiments with solutions containing both ammonia and
cyanide showed that the combination was more toxic than either substance
alone (Wuhrmann and Woker, 1948). Herbert (1962) showed that the
threshold LCso of a mixture of ammonia and phenol was obtained when the
sum of the individual concentrations, expressed as the proportion of
their separate threshold LC$Q values, equalled unity. Further tests
with zinc and ammonia (Herbert and Shurben, 1964), and copper and
ammonia (Herbert and Van Dyke, 1964) gave similar results, in that the
toxicity of the individual poisons could be added together in this manner."
However, Brown, Jordan and Tiller (1969) showed that mixtures of zinc,
phenol, and ammonia, in which the proportion of the total toxicity
contributed by zinc was predominate, were significantly less toxic than
the expected values. It may be possible that this method of summing
toxicities is not valid for all concentrations of poisons.
Vamos and Tasnadi (1967) reported using copper sulfate to reduce the toxicity
of ammonia in carp ponds. It was suggested that, on a short exposure basis,
the copper-ammonia compounds formed were not toxic, a finding opposite to
that of Herbert and Van Dyke (1964) in laboratory experiments. It is possible,
then, that in situ bioassays w^ll have to be conducted to arrive at a more
valid acceptable ammonia concentration for a particular situation, especially
when other additive toxins are present in relatively high concentrations.
12
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OTHER EFFECTS OF AMMONIA
Indirectly, ammonia can have adverse impacts on fish. Ammonia,
either ionized or un-ionized can have a direct Influence on the dissolved
oxygen concentrations of water.
Under aerobic conditions, ammonia is readily oxidized to nitrite
by Nitrosomonas bacteria. Nitrite can be, in turn, oxidized to nitrates
by Nitrobacter. Sawyer and McCarty (1967) show the reactions,
2 MH3 + 3 02 Nitrosomonas. 2 M02" + 2 H+ + 2 H20
and
2 N02" + 02 Nitrobacter. 2 N03-,
whereby 2 moles of ammonia will consume 4 moles of oxygen. Ammonia,
then, could theoretically have an ultimate oxygen demand of
4.57 mg 02/mg NH3-N.
Nitrates, as such, may act to increase the net productivity of
aquatic systems. To a certain extent this may be quite beneficial to
the entire aquatic community. However, when nitrate levels become
excessive, and assuming that the other nutrient factors are present,
eutrophication and associated algal blooms can become a severe problem.
MECHANISM OF TOXIC ACTION
Fromm (1970) noted that rainbow trout excrete ninety-four percent
of their total nitrogen as ammonia, urea and protein nitrogen. Ammonia
is produced endogenously by fish primarily via the degradation of protein, more
specifically the deamination of various ami no acids. Most authors
indicate that teleost fish, unlike mammals, synthesize urea via the
purine pathway. Prosser and Brown (1961) indicate that pyrimidine
nuclic acids are generally excreted as either ammonia or urea by teleosts.
13
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Of those possible nitrogenous excretory products, ammonia is the
smallest and simplest. It is extremely soluble in water and is,
normally, easily excreted by fish across the lipid soluble cell
membranes of the gills. Except for the toxicity of ammonia, there are
advantages over urea as the chief product of nitrogen metabolism.
The conversion of protein nitrogen to ammonia requires substantially
less energy than urea production. Actually, some deamination reactions
lead to the production and capture of free energy (Figure 2).
NADH /ADP+Pi
L-Amino Acid *-Ketoglutarate _ NH3 »NADPH\ /
Transami nation glutamate I cytochrome
dehydrogenase I system
e I
\ J
\NADV
-------
Purine (adenine) Purine (guanine) Amino Adds
Adenase Guanase Transamlnation
J J J
Hypoxanthlne .. Xanthine Aspartate
Xanthine Oxldase * Uric Add
Uricase
J
Allantoin
Allantoinase
Allantoic Acid
Allantoicase
Urea excreted -
Urease
J
2 NH-j + CO? excreted
Figure 3. Urea and ammonia production via and purine pathway, (modified
from Forster and Goldstein, 1969 and Prosser and Brown, 1961)
Ammonia is a toxic substance. An animal must either excrete it or
detoxify it. Most fish, because of their aqueous environment will excrete
ammonia rather than detoxify it. Some authors feel that teleost fish
are obligated to excrete ammonia rather then detoxify it because they
lack the specific enzymes necessary for this process (Forster and Goldstein,
1969).
The excretion of ammonia is extremely dependent upon the pH of both
the plasma fluid and water at the gill surface. Normally, only un-ionized
ammonia (NH,) is excreted through the lipid soluble membrane. At the pH
of body fluids less than one percent of the ammonia exists as un-ionized ammonia
but the conversion of Nfy"1" to NH3 is instantaneous and hence probably not
a rate limiting step in its elimination (Forster and Goldstein, 1969).
15
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Although NH4+ probably does not passively diffuse across the gill
membrane, it may be possible for NH4+ to exchange with Na+ in the water
by cation exchange. Confirmation of the Na+/NH4+ exchange process was
obtained in the freshwater eel where it was shown that injections of
ammonium sulfate increased sodium influx sixfold without effecting sodium
efflux (Forster and Goldstein, 1969) as shown in Figure 4.
External- - - -
Na+
Blood
ino Acids
and glutamine
HC03-
Figure 4. - Schematic representation of ionic exchanges in brachial cells.
Deamination and deamination enzymes (D-ase) and carbonic anhydrase (CA).
(Forster and Goldstein, 1969)
Fromm (1970) indicated that un-ionized ammonia in water at 1.0 mg/l-N is
toxic to trout because it prevents the excretion of normal amounts of ammonia,
The toxic action most probably is cytologic, and the nervous system appears
to be affected earliest. Contrary to what other investigators have
reported, Fromm felt that un-ionized ammonia at 1.0 mg/l-N does not appear
16
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to kill fish by preventing exchange of the respiratory gases at the gill
surface or by inhibiting transport of oxygen in combination with hemoglobin.
Studies conducted by Burrows (1964) indicate that continuous
exposure to low levels of un-ionized ammonia greatly affected the
physiology of salmonids. He noted that exposure to as little as 0.3 mg/1
ammonia-NH4 (0.002 mg/1 un-ionized ammonia as N) for six weeks greatly
reduced the stamina, performance and growth of salmon. Histological
examination of the gill lamella showed extensive hyperplasia of the gill
epithelium. Similar examinations of salmon exposed to 0.70 mg/1 ammonia-NH4
(0.005 mg/1 un-ionized ammonia as N) for six weeks showed even more extensive
hyperplasia, to the extent that there was fusion of the lamella. Obviously,
this pathological condition could effectively reduce the surface area of
the gills for gas exchange, which would explain the effected physiology.
Burrows indicated that this condition would make the fish highly
susceptible to gill infections, a problem common to fish rearing units.
Burrows noted that the principal nitrogenous excretory product
was greatly dependent upon age, sex, species and stress placed
upon fish. Under low loading conditions in the raceways, as well
as at night under average loading rates, urea was the primary
nitrogenous excretory product. Under higher loading rates and during
periods of daylight activity, ammonia became the primary nitrogenous
excretory product. Burrows did not offer an explanation for urea
supression, but it appears likely when salmonids are stressed,
from either increased physical activity or high hatchery loading rates,
they would tend to conserve as much energy as possible and since,
as pointed out earlier, urea synthesis requires substantially more
energy then ammonia synthesis, the production of ammonia would be
favored.
17
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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The effect of ammonia on inland fisheries is an important
factor to be considered when establishing water quality criteria.
The presence of ammonia is due primarily to municipal sewage
effluents and, to a lesser degree, certain industrial discharges.
Certain agricultural discharges, such as feedlot runoffs, may also
contain high concentrations of ammonia.
2. The mechanism of toxicity of un-ionized ammonia is highly debatable
and should be investigated further. It appears likely to be twofold, depend-
ing on the concentration. High concentrations appear to limit the
excretion of metabolic ammonia, inducing hyperammonemia and subsequent
histologic insult. Continuous exposure to low levels induce histopathologic
aberrations of gill epithelia, stressing the animal and making it less
resistant to subsequent pathological conditions.
3. Many factors such as pH, temperature, alkalinity, dissolved
oxygen, free carbon dioxide, sodium ions, total dissolved solids, pre-
sence of other toxins and other factors will greatly affect the
toxicity of ammonia. Once a 96-hour LCso has been determined using
the receiving water in question and the most sensitive species, in the
most sensitive portion of its life cycle in the locality as the test
organisms, a concentration of un-ionized ammonia safe to aquatic life
in that water can be estimated by multiplying the 96-hour LC5Q by a determined
application factor; but, in general, the maximum permissible in-stream
concentration of un-ionized ammonia should be 0.02 mg/1 NH3- N for waters
classified for fisheries use.
Table III shows the calculated values, based on pH and temperature,
for ammonia as N which would give an un-ionized ammonia concentration of
0.02 mg/1 N^-N. Further, more extensive values are given in Appendix A.
18
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Table III. Concentrations of ammonia (NHj+N^) which contain an
un-ionized ammonia concentration of 0.02 mg/1 NH3-N.
pH Value
Temperature
°c
5
10
15
20
25
30
6.0
165
111
75.5
51.0
36.3
25.7
6.5
52.3
35.1
23.9
16.5
11.5
8.13
7.0
16.6
11.1
7.57
5.22
3.65
2.58
7.5
5.25
3.53
2.41
1.67
1.17
.832
8.0
1.67
1.13
.775
.541
.384
.277
8.5
.543
.371
.259
.185
.135
.102
9.0*
.186
.131
.0961
.0726
.0569
.0462
*The European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC), reports that
criteria under this heading may be unduly low if there is little free
carbon dioxide in the water.
The range of limitations for ammonia are based on pH and
temperature variations and assume an activity coefficient of 1.0.
For example, at a pH of 7.5 and a temperature of 15 C, the maximum
permissible ammonia concentration is 2.41 mg/1 as N. This concentration
of ammonia would produce an un-ionized ammonia concentration of 0.02 mg/1
NH3-N. Concentrations of maximum permissible ammonia for pH and
temperature values outside of those in Table III are not necessarily
valid for reasons explained in the text of this document.
19
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APPENDIX A
Calculations of Percentages of Ionized
and Un-ionized Ammonia in Ammonia-Water Solutions
A-l
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FOPTRAN IV G LEVEL 21
MAIN
DATE = 76006
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00?3
uO?*
0025
00?7
0021
0029
0030
0031
0032
0033
003*
0035
OOJ6
0037
0038
0039
00<>0
00*1
00*2
00*3
0044
00*5
00*6
00*7
DIMENSION TTEMP(H) , TKri ( a) . TPKW ( a)
OMATTFMO/O.OiS.O' 10.0tlS.O»ZO.i,25.0«30.0»35.0/
OATATK«/1.37*E-5,l.*7(*£-5.1.i>70
OH=i\»//(10.0"*(-PH) )
PCTU = 1GO.O/U.O*10.0»«(PKA-PH»
HATIO=10.0«»(PKA-PH)
TOT4L=0.020S9/PCTU»100.0
PCTI=100.0-PCrU
PK*=PKW»C. 00005
P^INT 1000»TFMP.PH .PKA
PH=PH*(l.l
IF(PH.GT.10.1)GO TO 20
GO TO
-------
TEMD c
PH
CO
0.0
0.0
0.0
U.O
0.0
0.0
c.o
AMMONIA
99.999161
99.99(3947
94.998688
99.998337
9^.997910
99.997375
99.996704
94.995850
99.994781
99.993423
94.991730
99.949578
94.9yo893
99.983505
44.979233
94.973846
99.967087
99.958572
99.947845
99.934357
94.917374
99.896011
99.8f>9125
99.835297
99.792/25
49.739212
99.671906
99.587311
99.481003
99.34/504
99.179947
98.969803
98.706512
91. 377029
97.905363
97.451965
96.813248
96.020950
9S. 041763
93.837082
97.363235
90.572311
88.414078 .
«<:-. 839020
82.802963
79.273148
75.235504
70.702026
65.716782
60. 358687
54.740326
48.998291
CONCFNT-fATION
!JH4«'JHJ
2490.15332
1978. 00586
1571. 1906/
12*6. 04761
991.3^5734
787.474609
625.51831 1
496.871H26
394.6H4J26
313.513428
249.037064
197.H21701
157.1T9771
124.824997
99.156448
78. /67090
62.571243
49.706421
39.467503
31.370285
24.922577
19.800964
15.732729
12.501204
9.934306
7.895350
6.275737
4.969237
3.967332
3.155602
2.510823
1.998655
1.591825
1.268668
1.011975
0.808077
- 0.646113
0.517*61
0.415270
0.334095
0.269617
0.218399
0.177716
0.145400
0.119730
0.099340
0.083143
0.070278
0.060059
0.051941
0.045493
0.040371
» CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MG/L NM3-N
-------
1rV
OCOOOCOOOOOOOOOdOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOCOOOOOOOOOCCOOOOOOO m
t/iwi/)Uiin^iST^uiu'Uii/)uiuii/iu!t/i^s)ijitritjiuitsii/iiflijtts'. Jijiui(jiuiuiuiLPUii/iuiLflu"iinu^u*. vi- » ** »* P"* ^* ^* ^ >^ ^ ** ^* *«> » p^ - ^- HM ^rf ^M t ^ ta- »^ ^ to* * to« to* ta* |«i t_- ^_> |_j p^ tov fcj ^« MJ .,_, ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ >
W) OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO^OOOOOOOOO
5 OOOOOOOOOOpOOOQOOOOOOOOOOOOC'SOOOOOC'OOOOe'OOOOOO'OOOOC'O T3
W CJ OJ (jJ CJ UJ LJ CJ Lv Cxi LJ L*J UJ LJ W U W U i*l CJ UJ CJ V*> t*J W OJ t** W W l*J l*> W
Z
I : !
? i »* * , (\)f\ju)*'(J1"4'C^-'P'Ocoj\c^^ ocojrytji
3. *****»*«*»«* ii
c
I
n
o ***«***«******
^ . ""* fr iNJ
f °
I
4
o
Z
»H
M
»»1
o ..........__...
1 - ._NWH,w,.=3sa 1
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O *~ "^ f T\j let CJ £* O* ~^ & ** lf\ CD U O^^^OV/IV/I^O^JDOVO^iC^jICJ1?1^^ XZ
Z « £*-<
TO
>
o
Z
o
M
O
N
r
-------
TEMP C
PH
cn
.u
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.f)
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.C
.0
.0
.0
is
.u
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
1.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.S
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6. 1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
".1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
a. 6
8.7
e.n
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9. ft
9.9
10.0
10. 1
PKA
10.04*1
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
lD.0461
10.04*1
10.04*1
10.0461
10.0461
10.04*1
10.04*1
10.04*1
1C.0*61
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.14*1
10.0461
10.0461
lij.0461
10.0461
10.04*1
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
10.0461
RATIO
111204.94
88333.37
7016b.81
55 734. 75
44271.75
35166.35
27933.67
22188.51
17624.49
14000.05
11120.65
8033.46
7016.68
5b73.b5
442A.23
3510.68
2793.40
2218.88
1762.52
1400.02
1112.08
«8 J.36
701.68
3b/.36
442.73
351.67
279.34
221.69
176.25
140.00
111.21
88.34
70.17
55. 74
44.27
3S.17
27.93
22.19
17.63
14.00
11.12
8.83
. - 7.03
5.57
^4.43
3.b2
2.79
2.22
1.76 -
1.4Q
1.11
0.88
* UNIONISED
AMMONIA
0.000844
O.OU 1 1 32
0.001421
0.00 1744
C. 002259
0.00284-4
0.003bdO
0.00450/
O.C05673
0.007142
0.008991
n.G 1 131 v
0.01425U
0.01 79J-*
0.0225S2
0. 02*421
0.0 J57o6
0.045047
0.0b670b
0.071370
n.(,-t984l
O.H3076
0.1423U
0.179093
0.2e536J
0.2%35<»9
0.356703
0.448644
0.564 1 6'J
0.704198
O.M41190
1.119350
1.405112
1.762518
2.20879b
? 76489 J
1.456043
4.312310
5.. 16892;)
6.666389
H. 250071
1 0.1 6899 J
12.473557
15.211954
18.424973
?** I3^^f3^
'^* 3o07^*^
11.065796
>6.197B30
41.665237
47.345642
53.095627
» IONIZED
AMMONIA
99.9941UO
4W.998P56
94.948566
94.948199
99.997742
99.997147
99.996414
94.9954o3
94.994324
94.9Q28-t4
99.990997
99.9b8h78
99.9Hb7'*9
94.982056
94.977417
94.971573
99.904203
94.954941
99.943283
94.928619
99.910156
94.B^o9l7
94.6S7681
99.820892
94.774623
99.716446
99.643295
99.551346
99.435H37
94.290602
99.108810
98.&P0630
9n. 594879
98.217473
97.791199
97.235107
96.5-.3945
9S. 687681
9«. 631073
91.333603
91 .749924
84.830994
87.526443
P4. 788040
B 1.57502 7
77.860565
7J. 639252
63.934204
63.802170
58.334763
52.654358
46.904373
CONCENTRATION
UH4.MH3 '
2289.72425
1818.80493
1444. 734^2
1147.59888
911.575*84
724.095703
575.174H05
456.8H2080
362.919169
288.281494
228.994644
181.401443
144.49J866
114.77V938
91.177338
72.429092
57.536743
45.707367
36.310928
28.847u92
22.918320
Ib. 208923
14.468] 22
11.496693
9. 136384
7.261532
5.772283
4.589331
3.6<»9674
2.903278
2.310394
l.H 19450
1.465361
1.168215
0.932482
0.744t,94
0.595767
0.477*70
0.383503
0.308«63
0.24957'*
0.202478
0.165069
0.135354
0.111750
0.093001
0.078108
0.066279
0.056882
0.049418
0.043489
0.038779
*« CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH4*NH3) XHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MG/L NH3-N
-------
9-V
'.n ui ui ui i/1 ji in ui >j> -.n a- in ui j: ui v/i i/i ji 01 \/i 01
_ «««
2 ?°oe><*c>°0OC>«>OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOe>COOOOOOO
OOOCC'0<=0 TJ
oooooooooooooooooc^ooooooooooooooo
oooooooo
ooooocooc-. cooooooooo >c
«- 00300000000
a * ITLJ i- n, 0-0- o LJ r\; o 3- LP a o ro * ui o- -^ -j a a a .c
O
X
r~
z
w
I
-------
TEMP C
PH
3>
I
--I
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
-------
z
I
X
z
o
%
z
o
.
a> -« ~ -t ~ oiviCloM>O<5Tinjc: -JO D Mir. ,T^»M-n>ci
1=000000000 -<(V!wr>-tirr'Xt5rvi'OoirMoonoo~uxi?'j'MJ'j''i^aj*i1o(j>KOjij'(vj(\i>o«
»''*"«
ooeecoooocoeooec'Oooooc.-ooooooc tVf
X
O
r
.^->:> M-*''"* , -i
,<_ ^ _^
! <
X
<
OOOOOO^GOOOOOOOCOGOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOGOOOOOOGO
Ul
u
z
** *
*
*
u ,
a in in j> '.o JUT 10 IT in ir. in in in n IT r IT in in in in in in in ji j> \n tn in in iri in in in L" vn in ir. ir^ in jv in tn IT
-------
PH
vo
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3. a
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.C
3.0
3.0
3,0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.P
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3. ft
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
a.o
8.1
8,2
3.3
8.4
?.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
- 9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
4.4740
0.9740
9.9740
9.4740
9.9740
9.9740
9.9740
9.9740
9.9740
9.9740
*)» V /40
9.9740
9.4740
9.9740
9.9740
9.«740
9.9740
9.9740
Q.9740
9.9740
H.9740
9.9740
9.9740
9.9740
9.9740
9.9740
9.9740
9.9740
9.9740
9.97*0
9.9740
9.9740
9.9740
9. 9740
9.9740
9.974Q
9.9740
9.9740
9.9740
9.9740
9.9740
O.9740
9.0740 - -
Q.9740
9.9740
9.974Q
9.9740
9.9740
9. 9740
9.9740
9.9740
9.9740
RATIO
V4l9b.69
74022.44
5943J.64
47209.89
37i00.20
297*7.52
33661. 10
18744.71
14989.17
Ua53.6&
9419. 70
7482.34
5943.45
4721.05
3750.07
297B.79
23fco. 14
1879.49
1492.94
1185. MH
441.98
748.24
594. 3S
472.11
37-3.01
297.88
236.6?
187.95
14V. 30
110.59
94.20
74.83
59.44
47.21
37.50
29.79
2J.66
18.60
14.93
11.86
V.42
7.48
5.94
4.72
3.75
2.99
2.37
1.8ft
1.49
1.19
0.94
0.75
* UNIUM/EU
AMMONIA
(1. 001062
O.U01336
0. 0016*13
0.00211*
0. O0.?6b7
0.003357
1.004226
0.005320
0.006648
o.oob432
0.0 10613
0.013363
O.G 16822
0.021177
0.026659
O.OH355:*
0.04^24b
1.0SJ177
0.0hf>937
O.Oh42S4
0. 106046
0.13346-1
.1.16796'J
(1.2H36-.
n. 26594^
0.334579
0.420ti4->
O.b2923t>
0.66535-*
O.H36190
1.05042^
1.31ft»17
1.054640
?. 074 179
?. 5*725l21
99.973328
99.966431
94.95774«
9^.946823
99.93306Q
99.915741
94.893951
«9. 866531
99.632031
94.7H8620
9J. 734039
99.665421
9'J. 579147
99.4707b4
94.334641
9-<. 16JH03
9n.949ij?0
9M. 68118 j
9M. 345332
47.925812
97.402710
06. 752045
9S.V45175
9-4. 9483 J4
93.722443
9?. 223450
90.*»03152
89.211227
BS.&98419
8?. 521301
7H. 948364
7^.867523
70.293274
65.272629
54.887695
54.252975
48.507263
42.800766
CONCENTRATION
NH4«>iH3 I
1939. b095?
1540.61450
1221.7590J
972.37??66
772.149658
613.345459
487.?02637
387.003418
307.-»J2104
244.190872
193.«72148
154.0"2f)01
122.196088
97.??7097
77.234558
61.353428
48.739456
38. 719376
30.7KJ193
24.437958
19.416016
15.426951
J2.?5«315
9.741371
7. 742095
6.154002
4.892540
3.890523
3.094591
e.4-,
-------
TEMP C PH
I
__j
O
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
5.0
5.1
5.?
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5."
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.?
6.3
6.4
6.S
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.R
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.?
9.3
8.4
8.5
-- 8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PR A
9.9562
WATIO
90400.69
71 SO '.44
57039.16
45.10 '.88
354^4. J5
285*7.39
22707.81
18037.48
1432/.70
1138U.91
9040.20
7180.89
5703.99
4530. >^5
3b9o.98
285r>.78
2270.01
1803.77
1432.79
1133.11
904.03
718.10
570.41
453.09
359.90
285.88
227.08
100.38
143.28
113.41
90.40
71.81
5'. 04
45.31
35.99
28.59
2^.71
18.04
14.33
11.38
9.04
7. IB
5.70
4.53
3.60
2.86
2.Z7
1.80
1.43
1.14
0.9Q
0.73
* UNIONISED
AMMONIA
0.001106
0.00139J
0.001 '5J
0.00220'
0. 00277:*
0.0034^d
0.004404
P.00554'»
0.00697V
ft. 008 '86
0.011060
O.I.I392-*
0.017524
0.022061
fl.027/73
0.03496^
0.044018
0,ObS"«04
0.069 '45
0.087788
0.1 10443
0.139063
0.17500'
0.220220
0.27708J
0. 348576
0.43843-t
0.551324
0.693092
0.870988
1.094039
1.373422
1.7229Q6
2.159374
2.703372
3.37968J
4.217851
5.252590
6.523884
P.07664d
9.959602
1?. 223171
14.915968
11.079803
?1. 74 3225
?5. 914134
TO. 572556
15.S65268
41.10406^
46.769302
S2.S19104
SB. 202866
* IONI/EO
AMMONIA
99.998886
99.998596
99.998245
94.947787
94.497208
99.99649Q
94.995590
99.994446
90.993U11
99.991211
99.988937
9-3.986069
99.982468
94.977921
99.972214
09.96S027
99.955978
99.944580
99.930252
99.912201
09.8H9496
94.860931
99.824982
94.779770
99.722916
99.651413
99.5blbs4
99.448669
99.306900
9
-------
PH
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.'J
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.U
4.1)
4.0
4.0
4.U
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4,0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.C
4.0
4.0
4,0
4.0
4,0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4,0
4.0
4.0
4.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
fl.l
fl.2
«.3
B.4
fl.5
8.6
3.7
8.8
6.9
9.0
9.1
- 9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10. 0
10.1
put.
9.9384
9. 9") 84
9.9384
0.9384
9.9384
9.9384
9.9384
9.9334
9.9384
9.9384
9.9384
Q.9384
9.9 3J4
9.9384
9.93*4
9.93M4
9.9334
9.93A4
9.93H4
9.9384
9.9384
9.93H4
5.9384
9.9334
9.93H4
9.9384
9.9384
9.93d4
9.9334
9.9J84
9.9384
9.93B4
9.93P4
9.9384
9.9384
Q.9384
9.9384
9.93H4
9.9384
9.9384
Q Q~4»44
9.9334
9,9384
9.9384
9.9384
9.9384
9. 9384
9.9384
9.9384
RATIO
86771.12
6HV24.81
54749.02
4J488. 76
34544.40
27439.63
21 7V6. 1 1
17313.29
13752.44
1092J.97
8677.23
b474.98
4J48.94
34-54.49
2744.00
21/V.6'*
1731.35
1375.26
1092.41
86'. 73
689.27
b47.5l
434. Vfl
34b.4b
274.40
217.97
173.14
137. b3
109.24
.. . 86.77
6d.93
54.75
43.49
34.55
27.44
21.80
17.31
13.75
10.92
a. 68
6.89
b.4fl
*»«-35
3.45
2.74
2.18
1.73
1.38
1.09
0.67
0.69
* UN I ON I /CO
AMMONIA
0.001152
n.oo i"Si
0.001820
0.00229V
0.002895
0.003644
0 .G045-4O
0.00b776
0.007271
0.009153
0. 011523
0.014506
0.018262
0.02?98V
0.02893-*
0.036430
0 . 045858
0.057723
0.072661
0.09145/
0.115110
0. 144871
0.1^2314
0.229411
f) .2'3rif)3^
0. 3^311/3
0.456690
0 .57425^
0.72187-.
0.90708V
1.139280
1.43004-1
1.793680
2.24766V
?.nlJ272
1.51(3081
4. 38654^
5.46P304
6.77B277
8. 306150
10.333151
12.069671
15.44353V
1 8.6946B 1
P2.44856J
?6. 708588
->!. 44920 J
16.610947
42.UV957V
47.790710
S3. 539764
S9.1V625V
% IONIZED
&Mr-lO^JI A
99.998840
99.998535
99.V9816V
99.9976V6
90. VV7101
9'». 996353
99.99540 7
99.99421 7
99.992722
99.990845
99.988464
94.985489
9-J.9P1715
94.97/005
99.971054
99.V6J562
99.954132
99.942261
99.927338
99.908539
99.884888
99.855118
99.817673
99.770584
99.711349
99.636887
99.543304
99.425735
99.278122
99.092911
98.860718
93.569946
98,206314
97.752319
97.186722
96.48J917
9S, 613449
94.53968«
91.221710
91.613846
8'J. 660840
«7. 330322
.34.556458
81. 305313
77.551437
73.291412
68.550797
63.389053
57.900421
52.209290
46.460236
40.803741
CONCENTRATION
MH4«NH3
17«6.63770
1419.1H237
1127.30298
HV5. 454102
71 1.289S51
565.302441
448.H024VO
356.501221
283.183350
224.945068
178.684799
141.938675
112.750336
89.565216
71. 148483
56.519562
44.899338
35.669098
28.337250
22.513351
17.887?53
14.212608
11.293727
8.975172
7.133477
5.670560
4.50852B
3.585491
2.852295
2.269897
1.807281
1.439811
1.147919
0.916060
0.73188S
0.585595
0.46V390
0.377085
0.303764
0.245524
0.199262
0.162514
0.133324
0.110138
0.091721
0.077091
0.065471
0.056240
0.04H908
0.043084
0.038457
0.034783
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH4*Nrt3> HHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONl/ED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MG/L NH3-N
-------
3=>
i
ro
4.5
H.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.S
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
5.0
5.1
5.?
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
b.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.?
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
a.i
a.?
8.3
9.4
8.5
a. 6
8.7
8.3
3.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10. 0
10.1
PKA
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
a. 9206
9.9206
9.920*
9.9206
9.9?06
9.9206
9.9206
9.92P6
9.9206
9.0206
9.9206
9.9?06
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.Q206
9.9206
9.92»6
9.92.J6
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.92.16
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206 ._
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
9.9206
RAIIO
83299.69
6616/.37
b25b8.7l
4174W.93
33162.40
26341. M7
20924.12
16620.65
13202.25
10486.94
HJ30.09
6616.83
bib:>.9b
4174.95
3316.29
2634.22
2092. 44
1662.09
1J20.24
1048.71
83J.02
661.69
525.60
417. bO
331.63
263.43
209.25
166.21
132.03
104.97
83.30
60.17
52.56
41.75
33.16
26.34
. _ 20.92
16.62
1J.20
10.49
a. 33
6.62
. 5.<26
4.18
3.J2
2.63
2.09
1.66
1.32
1.05
0.83
0.66
* UNIONISED
AMMONIA
0.001200
0.0015U
0.30190J
O.C02J9b
0.003013
0.003791
0.00477*
<). 006010
0.007574
0.009535
n.ul2gOJ
o. ni5iii
0.019022
0.02394/
r. 030140
0.03794/
0.04776*
0. 0*10129
0.075686
O.C 95264
0. 119901
o. ib09oo
0.1H9897
0.23894(1
0.300632
0.378170
P. 475631
0.59804/
0.7S1732
0.944534
1.186194
1.4S87bO
1.867034
?. 339143
2.927079
3.657250
4.56100*
5.674942
7.040864
4.705209
10.717620
13.128340
15.94)4256
19.323212
?3. 167343
?7. 51536-5
V.33601*
17.563538
43.097900
4H. 810190
S4. 553772
SO. 178635
* IOU1ZEU
AMMUHIA
99.998/95
9Q.9914-J9
99.99H093
99.997604
94.9^6979
94.996201
99.995209
99.993973
99.992416
99.9904t>3
99.9B7991
99.9R4879
99.980972
99.9/6044
9y.9h9849
9V.962C51
99.952225
99.93986S
90.924301
99.91)4724
99.8B0096
99.849091
09.8100H9
99.761047
99.699356
99.621811
99.524308
99.401947
99.248260
Q9.0554f>6
98.8U797
9S. 511230
9«. 132965
97.660843
97.072906
96.342743
95.430980
94.3250bri
9?. 959122
91.294785
89.282379
fl6. 371643
84.015732
H0.6767B8
76.832657
72.*B4634
67.6639M6
62.436462
S
-------
TEMP C
PH
I
OO
5.0
5.U
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.U
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.?
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.?
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.b
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.?
7.3
7.4
7. S
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
«.l
8.?
8.3
a. 4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
<*.ts
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.9030
9.9030
4.9010
9.9U30
9.9030
9.4030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9,9030
9.9030
0.9030
9.9030
9.9Q30
9.9010
4.4030
9.9030
9.4030
9.4010
0.9030
9.9030
9.90.10
9.9030
9.9010
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9Q30
9.9030
9.9030
9.9010
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9010
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
9.9030
WATIO
79979.00
63529.67
50463.48
31040.37
25241.74
20084.97
15958.06
12675.95
10060.88
7490.0 1
50to.41
400H.31
31 at. 09
2529.21
2004.03
1595. £t3
1267.61
1006.90
79*. bl
633.31
504.65
400.86
316.41
252.92
200.91
159.58
126.76
100.69
7V.48
6J.53
50.47
40.09
31.84
25.29
20.09
15.96
12.68
10.07
8.00
6.35
5.05
4.01
3.18
2.53
2.01
1.60
1.27
1.01
0.80
0.64
» UNIONI7EO
AMMJNlA
n. 001250
0.00157<*
0.001982
0.002493
n. 003141
0.00395H
0 . 00-+4 7 /
0.0062^6
0.007888
0.009931
0.012502
n.01S73-i
0.019812
0.02<*44l
0.031346
1.039S22
0.049751
0.06262-*
O.U9421b
0 . 124tt7J
0.157153
0.19776(5
0.248845
0.313073
9.393818
0.495282
0.62272J
0.7M2700
n. 9H336t>
1 .234bjd
1.549612
1.44304d
?.4 J3903
3.04490*
1.00332-*
4.741403
5.896680
7.3lld3J
9.034002
1 1.113169
13.549313
16.53814/
)9. 965332
P3. 899353
?4. 334122
T3. 232437
IB. 522383
44.098221
49.826990
^5. 560364
61.149368
» IONIZED
AMMONIA
94.998749
94.998413
9Q. 448016
99.997498
99.496857
9<3.9'*^>033
99.995010
94.943729
94.992111
99.990067
99.987488
99.9^4253
99.9H0179
94.975052
99.968597
99.460464
99.950241
99.43736J
9T. 921173
99.900772
99.875122
99.842834
99.H02231
99.751144
49.68t>920
99.606171
99.5U4715
99.377274
94.217300
99.016632
98. 7fc5l52
98.450378
98.05694b
97.566086
96.955078
96.196671
4S. 258591
94.103317
92.688156
90.965988
P8. 866826
«6. 400681
83.461853
£0.034668
76.100647
71.665678
66.767563
61.477615
55.901779
50.173004
44.439636
38.850632
CONCENTRATION
NH4«NH3 '
1646.787H4
1308.096n4
1039.C6372
825.362061
655.^13525
520.777588
4) 3.673096
328.596924
261.018311
207.338898
164.699^46
130.8290Q3
103. 926178
82.5S5H93
65.5riU81 1
52.097000
41.386414
32.878677
26.120728
20.752686
16.4H8693
13.101640
10.411292
8.274233
6.576698
5.228303
4.157229
3.30^444
2.630637
2.043127
1.6h7424
1.328719
1.059675
O.H45966
0.676210
0.541368
0.434259
0.349180
0.281593
0.227917
0.185276
0.151405
0.124500
0.103129
O.OB6153
0.072669
0.061958
0.053449
0.046691
0.041323
0.037059
0.033672
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH4«Nri3) WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IOMZEO AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.03 MO/L NH3-K
-------
TEMP C PH
PKA
RATIO
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5 .
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.S
b.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5 ..
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
b.5
s.o
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.)
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
*.l
9.?
3.3
8.4
a. 5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
J.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
9.88S4
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.88S4
9.H854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.88S4
9.8854
9.«H54
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.88S4
9.3854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8954
9.8854
9.8854
9.9854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8854
Q.8854
9.8854
9.8854
9.8B54
9.88S4
9.8854
9.8854
9.8354
9.8654
9.8354
9.8*54
76801.75
61005.87
46458.76
3849^. 21
30575.50
24287.00
19291.87
15324.10
12172.39
9668.88
7680.28
6100.67
464^.94
3849.27
3057. 59
2428.73
1929.21
1532.43
1217.26
966.90
768.04
610.08
4B4.60
384.91
305.76
242. H8
192. V2
153.25
121.73
₯6.69
76.80
61.01
48.46
38.49
30.58
24.29
._ . 19.29
15.32
12.17
9.67
7.68
6.10
. 4.85
3.85
3.06
2.43
1.93
1.53
1.22
0.97
0.77
0.61
* UNIONIZED
AMMON 1 A
0.001302
0.001639
O.OOP064
0. 002598
0.003270
0.004117
0.00516J
0.006525
0.008213
0.010341
0.0130H
0.01638-*
0.020632
0.025972
0.0 12695
0. 0*1157
0.051808
0.06521 1
0.082085
0.103316
0.130032
0. 163646
0.205931
0.2^91 1 J
0.325984
0.41004J
0.515666
0.648318
0.814815
1.023630
1.285267
1.6126Mb
2.021806
2.532044
3.166888
3.954445
4.927885
6.125672
7.591349
9.37270?
H. 519955
14.082686
»7. 105301
30.620972
34. 64440 9
?9. 164429
14. 13790*
19.486755
4S.09977/
50.840363
S6. 558868
<^3. 107941
* IONIZED
AMMON I A
99.998688
99.998352
99.997925
99.997391
99.996719
99.995630
99.994812
99.993469
99.991776
99.989655
90.986969
99.983597
99.979355
99.974014
99.967300
99.958832
99.948181
99.934784
99.917908
99.8966t*3
99.869965
99.836349
99.794067
99.740875
99.674011
99.589951
99.484329
99.351669
99.185181
91.976364
9H.714722
98.387314
97.978180
97.467941
96.833099
96.045547
95.072113
93.874313
9P. 408646
90.627289
8*. 480042
85.917313
82.694699
79.379028
7S. 355591
70.835571
65.862091
60.513245
54.900223
49.159637
43.441132
37.892059
CONCENTRATION
NH4»NH3 '
1581.36841
1256.13135
997.786377
792.575195
629.570068
500.089844
397.240479
315.543701
250.650116
199.102875
158.157440
125.633423
99.798523
79.277084
62.976334
50.028198
39.743103
31.573349
25.083893
19.929092
15.834504
12.58P046
9.998512
7.94634ft
6.31f250
5.021420
3.992896
3.175909
2.526953
2.011468
1.602001
1.276752
1.01 8 J96
0.813177
0.650165
0.520680
0.417826
0.336126
0.271230
0.219680
0.178733
0.146208
0.120372
0.099850
0.083548
0.070600
0.060314
0.052144
0.045654
0.040499
0.036405
0.033152
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH4»NM3) WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MG/L NM3-N
-------
TE.MP C PH
cn
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.J
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.J
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.U
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.J
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.U
6.0
6.0
6.';
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.P
6.1}
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
=>.!
5.?
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.n
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.fl
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.1
8.4
e.5
fl.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9 8678
9.9678
9.H678
9.H678
9.H678
9.S678
9.H678
9.8678
9.8678
9.8676
9.8678
9. 8678
9.H678
9.8678
9.8678
9.8678
9.H678
9.8678
9.867^
9.8678
9.8678
9.H678
9.P678
9.8678
9.8678
9.8678
9.8678
9.3678
9.8678
9.8678
9.8678
9.867S
9. 8678
9.8673
9.H676
9.8678
9.8678
9.8678
9.H678
9.R678
9.8678
9.H678
9.H678
9.8678
9.8678
9.9678
9.8678
9.8678
9.8678
9.8678
9.8678
KATIO
73761 .56
58590.94
46540.51
36960.49
29365. 16
23325.61
18528.22
14717.51
11690.55
9266. 15
7376.25
5»59. 18
4654.11
3696.90
2936.56
23J2.59
1852.85
1471.77
1169.07
928.63
737.64
585.93
465.42
369.70
293.66
23J.26
185.29
147.18
116.91
92.66
73.76
58.59
46.54
36.97
29.37
2J.33
- Itt.b3
14.72
11.69
V.29
7.3B
b.^6
4.65
3.70
2.V4
2.33
1.35
1.47
1.17
0.93
0.74
0.59
* UNIONIZED
AMMUMIA
0.001J56
0.00170'
O.U02149
0 . 0 0?70 3
0.003403
0.0042B'
0.00539/
0.006794
0.00*553
1.010760
0.013553
0. 01706*
0.0214H2
0.027042
0.034-042
0.042*52
0.053942
0.067899
0.08346?
0.107570
0 . 1353rt3
0.170379
0.2144QO
0.36976J
n. 339373
0.426H71
0.536HOS
0.674859
0.fa48llH
1.065372
1.337531
1.67803*
2.103384
/>.613b5f
3.293110
4.110734
5.120600
6.362090
7.87958b
9. 721"*57
1 1.93H07/
14.57H496
1 7.68562J
P1.2H9932
'5.40 WHICH CONTAIN AH UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF O.OZ MG/L NH3-N
-------
TEMP C PH
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.S
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.S
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.S
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
S.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.S
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.B504
9.8504
9.8504
9.8504
9.850*
9.850*
9.850*
9.8504
9.8504
9.8504
9.B504
9.H504
9.8504 - _
9.8504
9.8504
9.H504
9.8504
9.8504
9.850*
9.850*
9.850*
9.8504
9.8504
9. "5(1*
9.8504
9.8504
9.H5Q4
9.?50*
9.850*
9.8504
9.H50*
9.8504
9.8504
9.3504
9.6504
9.8504
9.8504 -- - .-
9.8504
9.8504
9.8504
9.8504
9.8504
9.8504 ._
9.8504
9.8504
9.9504
9.8504
9.8504
9.P504
9.850*
9.8504
9.8504
RATIO
70tt51.d7
5627V. 71
44704.63
35510.17
28206.77
22*05.47
17797.32
14136.9*
11229.38
8919.83
7085.28
5628.05
. 4470.52
3551.07
2820. 72
22-.0.58
1779.76
1413.71
1122.95
892.00
708.54
562. 81
4*7.06
355.11
282.08
22*. 06
177.98
1*1.37
112.30
89.20
- . 70.85
56.28
44.71
3b.51
28.21
22.41
- - 17. bO
14.lt
11.23
8.92
7.09
5.63
4.47
3.55
2.82
2.24
1.7ft
1.41
1.12
0.89
0.71
0.56
* UNIONIZED
AMMON I A
0.001411
0.00177'
0.002237
0.002816
0. 0035*^3
0.00*<»63
0.00561V
0.007073
O.U0890*
0.011210
0.01*112
0.01776^
0.02236*
0.02815.1
0.035*3V
0.0**61 1
O.CJ56156
0.070686
O.CH3V72
O.H19H3
P. 140937
0.177364
1.223ltfb
0.2H08H
0.353263
0.44*32*
0.55B72S
0.70?37V
0. 882636
I 10H63V
- 1.391697
l.7*57*v
2.l8787t>
?. 738852
3.*23727
4.27233d
5.319695
6.60M07
8.176723
10.080*51
12.367712
15.086H7V
18.279173
?1. 972153
*6. 172302
10.857803
15.97341V
41.428940
47.10314V
"2.B53226
S8. 528580
».3. 986282
t IONl7tO
AMMON I A
99.9V8S41
99.998215
99.9977S7
99.997177
99.9964*5
99.9°>5529
99.994370
9W.99292U
99.9910cJ9
99.988785
99.985886
99.982224
94.V77631
99.9718*8
99.96*55*
99.955383
99.9*3832
99.9293U6
99.911026
99.888016
99.859055
99.822632
99.776H10
99.719177
99.646729
99.55566*
99.**1269
99.297607
99.117355
9*. 891357
9«. 608292
9M. 25*2*2
97.812119
97.261139
96.576263
95. 727661
9*. 680298
93.393890
91.823273
P.9. 9195*0
87.632278
H*. 913116
«1.720tt25
7H.027d*7
73.827698
69.1*2197
64.026581
«?8. 571060
52.6968S1
47.146774
41.471420
36.013710
CONCENTRATION
NH*«NH3 <
1458.H6084
11SP.S19R2
920.X88770
731.174H-05
580.797B52
4M. 3*9365
366.4ft7529
291.100098
231.233597
183.679855
145.0065*0
115.9C?039
92.068588
73.13702*
58.099121
46.15*068
36.665771
29.12M937
23.1*2197
18.386765
1*. 609378
11.608887
9.225517
7.33233S
5.82M52*
*. 63*003
3.685159
2.931*65
2.332784
1.857232
I.*79*b1
1.179*36
0.9*1096
0.751775
0.601391
0.481937
0.387052
0.311681
0.251812
0.20*257
0.166482
0.136476
0.1126*2
0.093709
0.07B671
0.066725
0.057237
0.049700
0.0*3713
0.038957
0.035179
0.032179
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMHON1AJNH4*NH3> WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED A1MONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MO/L NH3-N
-------
TEMP C
PH
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.11
7.D
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
/.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
fi.O
8.1
8.2
8.3
«.+
3.5
8.6
8.7
*.B
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10. 1
PKA
9.8379
9.8329
9.83Z9
9.8379
9.837.9
9.8)79
9.P37.9
9.8379
9.83?9
9.8379
9.8J29
9.8379
9.8379
9.8379
9.8J29
9.8379
9.ft3?9
9.8379
9.8329
9.B329
9.8379
9.8379
9.83?9
9.H379
9.8329
9.8329
9.^379
9.8379
9.8379
9-.R379
9.8329
9.8329
9.8379
9,8329
9.83P9
9.«3?9
9.8329
9.H329
9.8329
9.8379
9.8329
9.83?9
9.8329
9.!»3?9
9.8329
9.8329
9.8329
9.8329
RATIO
68066.62
54067.33
42947.23
34114.2S
2709 '.95
21524.70
17097.70
13581.21
85f-9. 14
6^06. 76
429'*. 78
3-.11.47
27U9.83
1709.79
1 358. 14
1 0 7e . ti I
8a6.V3
680.68
540.6V
4?V.48
34l!l5
270.99
215.25
170.98
133.32
107.88
85.69
68.07
54.07
42.95
34.12
27.10
21.53
- 17.10
lo!79
8.57
6.81
5.41
4.29
3.41
2.71
2.15
1.71
1.36
i.oa
O.B6
0.60
k UNION^ED
AMMONIA
n, 01 1 469
0.001650
n. 00232-1
C. 002931
0.003690
0.004646
0.005848
0.007363
0.00926 i
0.01 166-1
0.01 4fcrt *
T.O 1?492
0 .02327^
0.029304
Q.0368b9
0.0 464 3t>
0.0544b2
0 » 0 73b7*>
O.OV2609
P.I 16560
0. 14664-3
0.1 8460 8
0.23229 /
0.292261
0.367665
P. 462421
0.58145/
n. 730910
0.918422
1.153480
1.447819
1. 815880
7.275364
2.847732
3.55883^
4.439395
5.52535J
6.b578& J
8.4B292'*
1 n. 44982^
17.808962
15.60786-*
1B.B^58^0
7?.6674J3
76.954575
"»!. 719951
16.902222
42.40530*
48.103409
53.85130J
S9. 448566
64.905151
* IONIZED
AMMONIA
9'J.99«520
99.99B1 5H
94.997665
99.997055
99.996307
99.995346
99.994141
94.992630
99.990723
99.988327
99.985300
99.96150'J
99.9/6715
99.970688
99.963104
99.953552
99.941544
94.92642?
99.907379
99.883438
99.853302
99.8153H",
99.767700
99.707716
99.632324
99.537567
99.418533
94.269089
99,081573
9-!. 846512
98.552170
98.1H4113
97.724625
97.152267
96.4<*1162
95.560593
94.t74640
93.142105
91.517075
89.550171
87.191025
84.392136
- 81.114120
77.332565
73.045425
66.280045
63.097778
57.594b96
51.896591
46.148697
40.501434
35.094849
CONCENTRATION
MH4»'JH3 i
1401.51221
111 3.266-15
834.303455
702.
-------
TEMP C PH
CO
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.S
7.S
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.S
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.S
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
5.0
5.1
5.?
5.3
5.4
5.5
S.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
iS.<5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
e.o
8.1
8.2
fl.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
ft. 7
H.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.81S6
9.8156
9.^156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.81S6
9.8156
9. Ml 56
9.8156
9.61S6
9.8156
9.8156
9.81S6
9.R156
9.8156
9.8156
9.81S6
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.blS6
9.8156
9.8156
9.H156
9.8156
9.A156
9.8156
9.81S6
9.8156-
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.8156
9.6156
RATIO
65400.39
51949.41
41204.94
32777.^6
26036.49
206M1.55
16427.96
13049.21
10363.37
8233.52
6540.12
5195.01
4126.55
3277.84
2603.69
2068.18
1642. &2
1304.94
1036.55
82J.36
654.02
519.51
412.66
327.79
260.37
206.82
164.28
130.50
103.66
82.34
. . . . 65.4Q
51.95
41.27
32.78
26.04
20.68
16.43
13.05
10.37
4.23
6.54
5.20
4.13
3.28
2.t>0
2.07
1.64
1.30
1.04
0.82
0.65
0.52
* UNIONIZED
AMMONIA
0.00152*
0.001925
0.00242J
0.003051
0.003d4l
O.y0483b
0.00*108 7
(1. 007663
0.009647
0.01214-.
0.0 15281
0.019246
0.024227
0.030499
0.038392
0.04b328
6«o*>0b34
0.076S7J
0.096381
0.121306
0.152667
0.192120
0.241744
0.304147
0.382596
0.4811H3
0.605018
0.760481
0.955507
1.199941
1 .505953
1.68P513
2.365932
2.960391
3.69MS57
4. 61203d
5.7376«3
7.117567
8.79832B
10.829711
13.261V07
16. 141449
19.505630
?3. 37554 9
77.74BS33
12.591660
17.837402
43.384079
49. 101574
14.842697
.0.45773J
65.809845
* IONIZED
AMMONIA
99.998459
99.998002
99.997574
99.996948
94.9961S5
99.995163
99.993912
99.992325
99.990341
9W.9«7b54
94. 984711
99.980743
99.975769
99.969498
99.961594
99.951660
99.93916J
99.923416
99.903610
99.87S693
99.847321
99.807877
99.758255
99.695847
99.617401
99.518814
99.394974
99.239517
99.044479
9fl. 800049
98.494C34
98. 111481
97.634064
97.039597
96.301437
9S. 387955
94.262314
92.882431
91.201660
89.170288
86.7380B3
fi3.fa58551
80.494370
76.624451
72.2S1465
*7. 408340
62.162598
56.615921
50.898422
45.157303
39.543267
34.190155
CONCENTRATION
NH4»MH3 i
1346.61450
1069.*)5H69
849.6*5527
674.918701
536.111816
425.M53760
338.272461
268.703857
213.443649
169.54«796
134,ft«1702
106.9H5P55
84.986267
67.51 1322
53.630463
42.604492
33.846222
26.fl
-------
TEMP C PH
l
t
UD
8.0
8.0
8.0
y.u
e.o
B.rj
b.O
e.o
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.1)
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
b.O
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
6.0
8.0
b.O
tt.D
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8,0
6.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
6.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
S.fc
5.5
5.6
S.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.?
6.1
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8. ft
3.1
i.2
%.3
8.4
8.5
M.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.?
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PHA
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.79«3
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.79P3
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7933
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.79B3
9.7983
9.7983
9.79H3
9.7983
9.7V83
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7963
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7983
9.7*83
RATIO
62fa47. 39
49921 .54
396b4. lu
3149b.42
25020.12
19674.22
15786.68
12539.82
V960.75
7912.12
628<».B3
4992.22
39bb.47
3149.09
2502.05
198/.45
Ib7b.69
1254.00
99b.09
791.22
62tt.<»9
49*. 23
396.55
314.99
250.21
190.75
157.87
125.40
99.61
79.12
62. 05
49.92
39.66
31.50
25.02
19.86
15.79
12.54
9.96
7.91
6.29
4.99
3.97
3.15
2.50
1.99
1.58
1.25
1.00
0.79
0.63
O.bO
* UNIONIZED
AMMONIA
0. 001591
0.00200J
0.002522
0.003175
0.003997
0.005031
0.00633t
fl. 00/974
0.010038
0.012637
0.01590V
0.02002?
0.0252H
0.031737
0.039951
0.050290
0.063304
0.079681
0.100292
0.126227
0.158859
0.199908
0.251539
0.31646J
0.398076
0.500632
0.629441
0.791129
0.993935
1.248076
1.566172
1.96372/
2.459677
3.07694d
3.8-.3G23
4. 7^0408
S. 956876
7.385343
9.123128
1 1 .22027 1
13. 72668J
I 6.687729
?0.13l'»28
P4.Q9628J
?ft.553B7*
T3.47244J
18.778397
44.364563
50.096954
S5.82679J
61.405579
66.700027
* IONIZED
AMMONIA
99.998398
90.997986
95
99.993652
99.992020
9«. 989960
99.987350
99.984085
<)). 979*65
99.974777
9V.96B262
99.960037
99.949707
99.9 )b691
99.920319
99.899704
99.873764
99.841141
99.800079
99.748459
99.683533
99.601913
99.499359
99.370560
99.208862
99.006058
98.751923
9B.433B23
9rt. 036270
97.540314
96.92305U
96.156967
95.209579
9<». 043121
92.614655
90.876862
88.779709
86.273315
B3. 312271
79.861572
75.903717
71.446121
66.527557
61.221603
55.635437
49.903046
44.173203
3B. 594421
33.299973
CONCENTRATION
NH4«NH3
1294.04834
1027.90479
816. 499268
648.5729S.H
515. 183059
409.2J0713
325.0*8359
258.215332
205.112457
162.931061
129.425140
102.810379
81.669510
64.87&740
51.537720
40.942154
32.525ftlrt
25.840439
30. 530045
16.311859
12.961214
10.299706
8.185595
6.506293
5.172376
4.112804
3.271156
2.602610
2.071565
1.649736
1 .3J4671
1.0^8515
0.837102
0.669169
0.535776
0.429817
0.345651
0.278795
0.225690
0.183507
0.150000
0.123384
0.102242
0.085449
0.072109
0.061513
0.053097
0.046411
0.041100
0.036882
0.033531
0.030870
«*
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA»NH4»NM3) WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONlZEO AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF O.OZ MG/L NH3-N
-------
TEMP C PH
\
ro
o
8.5
8.5
8.3
8.5
8.S
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
a. 5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
B.5
P. 5
8.5
8.5
8.5
P. 5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.1
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
IS. 6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
- «.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.?
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
0.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
0.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.78M
9.7811
9.7811
9.7P11
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7811
9.7611
9.7611
rtATIO
60402.70
47979.64
38111.60
3027J. 17
24046.87
19101.13
15172.59
12052.04
9573.29
7604.34
6040.35
4798.03
3811.21
3027.36
2404.72
1910. 14
1517.28
1205.22
Vb 7 . 34
760.44
604.04
479.81
381.13
302.74
240.48
191.0?
Ibl . 73
120.52
95.74
76.05
60.41
47.98
38.11
30.27
24.05
19.10
- 15.17
12.05
9.57
7.60
6.04
4. HO
_ 3. HI
3.03
2.40
1.91
1.52
1.21
0.96
a. 76
0.60
0.48
* UNIONIZED
AMMONIA
n. 001656
0.0020R4
0. 00262*
0.003303
0.00"»15^
0.00523'5
0.006590
0.008297
0.010445
0.013149
0.016553
0.020H38
0.026231
0.0330?!
0.041568
0.05?3?5
0.365864
0.08290-*
0.104347
0.13132^
0.165277
0.207983
0.261693
0.3292?9
0.414121
0.520788
0.654750
0.822B85
1.013747
1.29-7933
l.62852d
2.04158J
2.556683
3.197501
3.992355
4.974647
6.183067
7.66135^
9.457451
11. 621622
14.203341
17.246658
?0.7H4088
?4. 829391
?9. 370132
14.361679
19.724426
45.345917
M .088684
56.802841
62.341492
67.b7S37d
<* IONIZED
AMMONIA
90.998337
99.997910
99.997375
om. 9966.89
99.9V5H34
99.994751
99.993408
9-». 991699
09.9e9548
99.V86H47
99.9B3444
90.979156
99.97J755
Q9. 966965
99.958420
99.968
99.834717
99.792007
99.738297
99.670761
99.565876
99.479202
90.345245
99.177109
9P.96624B
9H. 702057
98.3714r>0
97.958405
97.443314
96.802490
06.007645
95.025345
91.816925
9?. 338638
90.542542
88.378372
85.796646
8?. 753342
79.21591?
75.170609
70.629868
65.638321
60.275574
54.654083
48.911316
43.197159
37.658508
32.424622
CONCENTRATION
NH4.NH3 <
1243.71?16
987.^21187
784.73H?81
623.344971
495.145752
393.312744
312.424072
248.171997
197.134491
156.593979
124.391357
98.811981
7fi. 493454
62.353897
49.533752
39.350357
31.261398
24.836075
19.73??54
15.678137
12.457B35
9.899860
7.867980
6.254005
4.971975
3.953622
3.144712
2.502172
1.991783
1.586366
1.264332
1.00?531
0.805340
0.643940
0.515736
0.413898
0.333006
0.268751
0.217712
0.177170
0.144966
0.119385
0.099066
0.082926
0.070105
0.059921
0.051832
0.045406
0.040302
0.036248
0.033028
0.030470
** CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH4»NH3» WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MG/L NH3-N
-------
s
o
z
IV
o
1
o
u.
o
o
I
"" _ , ^
u
o
u
<
z
o
z
T
^ UJ
''-''*)-- orn isON-fOacoOJiror^mif^-^ *-»
' of\jo"\j-tnj*U'!rf*if^7if\J^^OTO'~<'^'-«
or*^.^^f>j^
r »-
X
o
0*00* '"^vO m
z
o
«
w
o
UJ
U
z.
X
a
*
*
a. ooooc
A-21
-------
z-z-v
I O
o
z
o
; m
. 71 ui vji t/i Ji 13
o
"O
§
i/>
O
n
»^
2
-r
»
.- ^- .- ro nj u *- in
,
^^w
^
'OON-^^ac^
s
O
oococooooooooooo
JlTt"Uro i"V«« OOOOOOOO
"3
o
O
>
x
lo
§
*
O
O QOOOOOOQOI
o
z
Z
o
X
> CJ » J3
i: >
« 3. -
z
I
-------
TEMP C
PH
f>
GO
lu.0
10.0
10.0
lu.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10. 0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10. 0
10.0
10.0
in.o
1C.O
10.0
10. 0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10. 0
10.0
10. 0
10.0
10.0
10. ti
10.0
10. 0
10.0
10.0
10. 0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10. 0
10. 0
lu.o
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
lu.o
ll/.O
lu.O
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
S.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
ft. 2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
. 8.0
B.I
8.2
8.3
3.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
- 9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7397
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9. 7297
9.7397
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7207
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
9.7297
KAT10
53669.51
42631.27
33B63.27
2689S.59
21366.34
16971.89
13481.28
10708.57
8506. 14
6756.67
5367.02
426J. 18
3386.37
2689.89
2136.66
16-^.21
134d.l5
1070.87
850.63
675.69
536.71
426.32
33(5.64
268.99
213.67
169.72
134.a2
107.09
85.06
67.57
53.67
42.63
3J.86
26.90
21.37
16.97
13.48
10.71
8.51
6.76
5.37
4.26
J.39
2.69
2.14
1.70
1.3S
1.07
0.85
0.68
0.54
0.43
* UNIONIZED
AMMONIA
0.00186J
0.002.346
0.00?95J
0.0037M
0.004680
0.005M92
0.00741 1
0.00933'
0.011753
0.014798
n. 018629
0.023451
0.029521
0.037162
O.U46780
0.0588Ht>
n.oV4i2l
0.09329'3
0.11742-1
0.147781
n. 185b47
99.970474
99.962830
99.953217
sy. 941101
99.925r)73
99.936693
99.882568
99.652219
99.814026
9Q.7fc5976
99.705566
99.629601
99.5J4164
99.414246
99.263702
99.074829
94.838058
98.541595
91. 170898
97.708145
97.131760
9h. 415726
95.529160
94.435974
93.094788
91.459564
A9. 480865
87.108322
84.294601
81.000732
77.202835
7?, 899780
68.119873
62.925674
57.414230
51.712204
45.965240
4u. 323593
34.926834
2V. 890549
CONCENTP4T ION
'Jh4«>JH3
1 105. 07544
877. 798340
697.265137
553.862549
419.'J53»>13
349.471924
277.600098
220.510193
175.161926
139.140411
110.527*03
87.799530
69.746017
55.405487
44.014435
34.966202
27.778915
22.069839
17.534958
13.932776
11.071437
8.798605
6.993216
5.55V158
4.4P0036
3.515200
2.796460
2.2?5546
1.772053
1.411827
1.125690
0.898403
0.7)7863
0.574454
0.460540
0.370056
0.298181
0.241C89
0.195739
0.159715
0.131101
0.1C8373
0.090318
0.075977
0.064586
0.055537
0.048349
0.042640
0.038105
0.034503
0.031641
0.029368
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH4»NM3» WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MG/L NH3-N
-------
z
o
M
u.
o
z
o
r^vOo^u^
ZX
§
os
o
UJ
5 o
51
r> »
'--'
i;fv.(\jr-*-o^c.Mnnr-cj'O-ir>>oocoii>oouiryi\)(\jn(cr-ooaoooo-jih-nooninoBi\iaOofvi o
i)'r>n'Vof-^oinj--<^*tvjruh-o1C'Oon^tn-«-»oo'Vsfin*i/(j»rtN. B
<7-a'j'3>o xxjor~^oJi!>--<-«»nncrcc.3' r\ir^i/injn»ei>j3O'onjSQi/ir)»»jis. £
- > > - > - - - - -
.
o- o- o ? y a- o o> (> > a> o- > T> o- » » > cr =o » r- o >c in m <\j or- J- o a orgn M oo - o <- n S -
?*»ff>(7'!y7-»ai>>j'j>7-»iT»<7'i>O'ao-7»x »*c"o(t(Vice
o(7'3<3-ao'ij-a»ok(Mro-o-(j>i3'i?'(MJ-0'a>O'tciE-<*
o n r* ^
i7 * O X
-. (\ n ^
o o o o
0.
., .-.-. .-.
ruM ru tvn, (vivirvj cvi (v OJOJCVIM oj
-------
TEMP C PH
PKA
KAUO
ro
en
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11. 0
ll.C
11. 0
11.0
11.0
11.0
1 . J
1 .0
1 .0
1 .0
1 .0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11,0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11. u
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
ll.C
11.0
11. 0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.H
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
b.O
8.1
8.2
8.3
«.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
9.6956
9.6958
9.6958
9.69S8
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.695S
9.6958
9.6958
9.6956
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6458
9.6956
9.6958
9.t>958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6956
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
9.6958
49637.41
39428.45
31319.18
24877.75
19761.12
15696.64
1246U.46
9904.06
766?. 09
6249.05
4963.01
3942.90
3131.96
2487.81
1976.14
1569.71
1246.86
990.42
786.72
624. VI
496.39
394.30
313.20
248. 7fl
197.62
156.97
124.69
99.04
To. 67
62.49
49.64
39.43
31.32
24.83
19.76
15.71
12.47
».90
7.87
6.25
4.96
3.94
3.13
2.49
1.98
1.57
1.25
0.99
0.79
0.62
0.50
0.39
». UNlONl/EO
AMMONIA
0.00201^
0.002b36
0.003193
O.OU4019
0.005060
0.006370
O.OOH020
0.010096
0.012710
0.016000
0.020142
0.025356
0.031919
0.0401rtO
0.050578
0.063666
0.06013'
0. 10066^
0. 126949
0.159766
0.201050
0. 25297^
0.318263
0.4Q03-.5
0.503483
0.633021
P. 795621
0.99956 '
1.2551JO
1.574994
1.974744
2.473403
3.094016
3.0&417J
4.81h510
5.9^H93 J
7.424474
9.170552
11.277250
13.794400
16.767227
?0. 23037?
?4. 200830
?8. 670441
»3. 599640
18.913966
44.b0547d
50.239624
^5.967484
61.540726
f.t>. 826706
71.720001
* IQNlZtO
AMMOM A
99.9979H6
94.997452
99.996796
99.995972
99.994934
99.993622
99.991974
99.989899
99.9«72«9
99.933994
99.97985M
99,974640
99.966079
99.959808
94.949417
99.936325
99.919861
99.899124
09.873047
99.840225
99.798950
99.747025
99.681732
99.599655
99.496506
99.366974
99.204376
99.000427
98.744856
9^.425003
9-n 025253
97.526581
96.905975
96.135618
95.183487
94.011063
92.575516
90.829437
88.722748
86. 205582
83.232773
79.769623
75.799164
71.329559
66.400360
61 .OH6014
55.494522
49.760376
44.032516
33.459274
33.173294
28.279999
CONCENTRATION
NH4.NH3
1022.05469
811.852295
644.882324
512.253174
406.902344
3?3. 218505
256.746094
203.945160
162.003891
128.686614
102.2?5366
81.204695
64.507675
51.244568
40.709305
32.340636
25.693481
20.413330
16.219131
12.667573
10.241210
8.139127
6.469386
5.143059
4.089514
3.252655
2.b«7914
2.059891
1 .640468
1. 107306
1.042666
0.832456
0.665478
0.532S44
0.427488
0.343801
0.277326
O.P24523
0.182580
0.14V263
0.122799
0.101778
0.085080
0.071816
0.061280
0.052912
0.046264
0.040984
0.036789
0.033458
0.030611
0.028709
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NHA»NH3) WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MG/L NH3-N
-------
TEMP C PH
3>
ro
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11. S
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11. S
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11. S
11.5
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.?
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.S
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.6789
<».6789
9.678V
9.6789
9.67H9
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9,67h9
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.67B9
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
9.6789
HATIO
47746.30
37926.29
30125.97
23929.94
19006.24
lbOVO.80
119VJ.42
9526.73
7567.36
6010.98
4774.70
3792.68
3012.64
2393.02
1900. e>5
1509.90
1199.36
952.69
756.75
60 1 . I 1
477.48
379.27
301.27
23V. 31
190.09
150.99
119.94
Vb.27
7S.68
60.11
47. 7S
37.93
30.13
2J.93
19.01
15.10
11.99
V.53
7.57
6.01
4.77
3.79
J.01
2.39
1.90
1.51
1.20
0.95
0.76
0.60
0.48
0.38
* UNIONIZED
AMMONIA
0.00209*
).00263/
n. 003319
0.00417*
0.005261
0.006023
0.00«337
0.010496
0.013213
0.01663J
0.020939
0.026360
0.0331dJ
0.041771
O.OO^SBO
0.06MH6
0.0rt330d
0.104856
0.131970
0.16608'*
0.208997
0.262969
0.330*33
0.416136
n. 523320
0.657929
O.CJ26873
1.038746
1.304193
1.636356
2.051356
2.563856
3.212626
4.01108-J
4.997746
6.211401
7.69590?
9.499279
11.671788
14.262853
17.316345
?0. 864471
?4. 920502
?9. 471359
^4. 471710
19.841302
45.466766
m. 210493
S6. 922424
62.455B72
67.682114
72.501129
« IONIZED
AMMONIA
99.997894
99.997360
99.996674
99.995tU9
99.994736
99.993378
99.991653
99.9H9S02
99.9867H6
99.983353
99.979050
99.973633
99.966812
99.958221
99.94/418
99.933807
99.916687
99.895142
9'J. 868027
99.833908
99.791000
99.737030
99.669159
99.5H3862
99.476669
99.342072
99.173126
9H. 961243
98.695801
98.363632
97.948639
97.431137
96.787369
95.988907
9S. 002243
93. 7685^9
92.304092
90.500717
«fl.32B201
85.737137
8?. 683655
79.135529
75.079498
70.52B641
6S. 528290
60.158798
54.533234
48.789S05
43.077576
37.544128
32.317a»6
27.496871
CONCENTRATION
NH4«NM3 *
9R3. 116699
79C.972852
620.314209
49?. nd5118
196.175949
155.832474
123.786545
98.331558
78.111893
62.05C751
49.292969
39.159068
31.109451
24.715-393
19.636398
15.601998
12.397361
9.851B13
7.829821
6.223690
4.947896
3.934494
3.1P9519
2.490104
1.982198
1.57b753
1.25P?83
1. 003725
0.801524
0.640909
0.513327
0.411985
0.331487
0.267545
0.216753
0.176408
0.144J61
O.llb905
0.098684
0.882623
0.069864
0.059730
0.051680
0.045286
0.040207
0.036172
0.032967
0.030422
0.028400
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH4»NH3) WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONlZEO AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MG/L NH3-N
-------
z-z-v
m
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOCOC-COOOOOOO
o
O
o
o
z
i/i
o
?
z
*
+
Z O O O O O I
z ......
u
*
IM
o
X
0
o
z
-*j 1/1 a. » r
I V/l LJ O I\| U O
z *-
ooooooooooooooooo >c
j)j'j'*'u,Pv.:'v--'-'--ooooooo s^;
j'X^UJt'-^j*i -^u»oTc3"jix*Ljxi'\> !-»
ji;-^av*%'*-^'*4ro--j'CCsT*-w*'--W' oo
c
z
I
o
z
z
o
nnMMMMK.n __ _
O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOOOOQO
rn
y
o
<">
i
o
M
X
O
N
-------
Z
(>
X
z.
Z
o
o
H. r
u
Z
o
UJ« M* -D O 3 X. * ~ l\lt-- .
Z2
DO
ooooooo « *-«f
oooooooooo
OOOOOOGOCOOOGGOCOOOOCOOOOOO
'^ >^
^^f^4^h-roxrvxr^ 6
«
Z
13
5
'i
Z
O
u
Z
X
Z
O
X
Z
t/i
O
o.
u
o.
' e «<\i»*i(yiO'-«(\jf*i-*ir^r»
^
tkj
u
^
jfu^
A-28
-------
TEMP C PH
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
6.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
«.7
S.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.62*7
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.62«7
9.6297
9.6287
9.6?87
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6237
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
.9.6287
9.6287
9.62H7
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
Q.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
9.6287
KAHO
42528.89
33781.92
26833.97
21315.01
16931.14
13448.90
10662.86
8485.71
6740.45
5354.13
4252.95
3370.24
2683.43
2131.53
1693.14
1344.91
1068.30
848.58
674.05
535.42
425.30
337. B3
268.35
213.16
169.32
134.49
106.83
84.86
67. 41
53.54
42.53
33.78
26.64
21.32
16.93
13.45
10.68
8.49
6.74
5.35
4.25
3.38
2.68
2.13
1.69
1.34
1.07
0.83
0.67
0.54
0.43
0.34
*, UNIONISED
AMMONIA
O.OOP351
O.OOP960
0.003726
0.004691
0.005906
0.00743S
0.009360
0.01 1783
0.0l4fc34
O.OM674
0.023508
0.029592
0. 037252
O.Q46HV3
0.05902/
0.074299
0.09351*
0.117705
0.148136
0.186421
0.234576
0.295134
0.37l26d
0.46694*
0.58714-*
0.738047
0.927373
1.164695
1.461854
1.833H2J
2.297234
2.874942
3.5925Hd
4.481112
5.57667J
6.920680
8.559232
10.541792
12.918694
15.737243
19.036301
P?. 839508
?7. 147751
11.932358
17.130447
42.644577
48.34783-J
54.094498
S9. 734268
65.127808
70.159790
74.747238
* IONIZED
AMMONIA
9-v. 997635
99.997040
99.996262
99.9V5300
99.994095
99.992S54
99.990631
99.988205
99.985153
99.9B1323
99.976486
99.970398
99.9t.273H
99.953094
99. 9-»0964
99.925690
99.906479
99.882294
99.851b52
99.813568
99.765411
99.704865
99.628723
99.533051
99.412857
99.261948
99.072617
98.835297
9«. 538132
98.166565
97.702759
97.125046
96.407410
95.518875
94.423325
93.079315
91.440765
89.458206
87.081299
84.262756
80.963699
77.160492
72.852249
68.067642
62.869553
57.355423
51.652161
45.905502
40.265732
34.872192
29.840210
25.252762
CONCKNT->4T ION
NH4«NH3 i
875.690430
695.550088
552.531982
438. uc<6729
348.632812
276.913350
219.980713
174. 741364
138.M06427
110.262192
87.58P730
69.57H506
55.P72491
43.908798
34.8R2278
27.712265
22.016907
17.4926H9
13.899350
11.044895
8.777523
6.976479
5. 5*5857
4.4Q9472
3.506807
2.789795
2.220249
1.767844
1.4Q8484
1.123035
O.B96295
0.716188
0.573124
0.459484
0.369217
0.297514
0.240559
0.195318
0.159381
0.130836
0.108162
0.090151
0.075844
0.064480
0.055453
0.048283
0.042587
0.03S063
0.034469
0.031615
0.029347
0.027546
« CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH4«NH3I WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MG/L NH3-N
-------
TEMP C PH
to
O
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13. S
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13. S
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
S.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
H.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
o.61?l
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.61P1
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.61?1
9.6121
0.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.61?1
0.6121
9.6121
9.M21
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
9.6121
RATIO
40930.70
32512.43
25B25.57
20514.02
16294.88
12943.50
10281.41
8166. M2
648/.15
5152.93
4093.12
3251.29
25H2.59
2051.43
1629.51
1294.37
1023.16
816.69
64«.72
bib. JO
409.32
325.13
2b8.26
205.15
. ... 162.95
12*. 44
102.82
81.67
64.d7
51.53
40.93
32.51
25.83
20.51
16.30
12.94
10.28
8.17
6.49
5.15
4.09
3.25
2.58
2.05
1.63
1.29
1.03
0.82
0.65
0.52
0.41
0.33
t UNIONIZED
AMMONIA
0.00244J
0.003076
0.003872
0.004874
0.00613/
0.007723
0.009725
0.01224J
0.01541 i
0.01940-1
0.124425
0.01074*
0.038706
0.04872J
0.061330
0.07719d
0.0*716?
0.1222^3
n,15J91199J
C.5.9926JS
70.955490
75.463333
* IONIZED
AMMONIA
99.997543
99.996918
99.996124
99.995117
99.993851
99.992264
9-). 990265
99.987747
09.984573
99.9b0591
9i. 975571
99.969233
99.961288
99.951263
09.938660
99.922791
99.9P2832
99.8?7701
90.846085
99.806305
99.756287
99.693375
99.614288
99.514893
99.390060
99.233353
90.036758
98.790375
98. 481918
9H. 096344
97.615204
07.016144
96.272354
95.352051
9<«. 218170
92.828461
91.136185
99.091476
86.644241
83.748138
80.366333
76.478470
72.088089
67.229401
61.971085
56.416031
50.695145
44.955948
30.34B007
34.007385
29.044510
24.536667
CONCENTRATION
NH4.NH3 <
842.783447
669.451416
531.76*043
422.404297
3J5.53
-------
TEMP C PH
I
CO
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
1"».0
14.0
14.0
1".0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14. U
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.Q
14.0
14.Q
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.?
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
B.5
8.6
8.7
3.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.B
9.9
10. 0
10.1
PKa
9.5955
9.595S
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.S955
9.59S5
9.59S5
9.59S5
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
9.5955
RATIO
39397.74
31294. 79
24840.37
19743. 71
136^4. 60
12458.74
9896. J4
7860.96
6244.19
4939.94
3*39.83
3129.32
2483.87
1974.bO
1568.48
1243.89
9B9.65
786.11
624.43
496.00
393.99
312.96
240. 5
-------
TtMP C
PH
I
CO
ro
14.5
14.5
14.5
14. S
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14. S
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14. S
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14. S
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.1
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
fl.2
H.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.3
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.S790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
0.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5700
9.5790
9.57QQ
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.S790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.57VO
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
9.5790
SATIO
37927.37
30126.83
23930.61
19008.78
1509V. 23
11993.77
9527.00
7567. 58
6011.15
4774.83
3792.79
3012.72
2393.09
1900.90
1509.94
119V. 39
952.71
750.77
601.12
477.49
379.38
301.38
239.31
190.09
151.00
119.94
95.27
75.68
60.11
47.75
- ... 37.93
30.13
23.93
19.01
lb.10
11.99
9.53
7.57
0.01
4.78
3.79
3.01
- _- 2.39
1.90
1.51
1.20
0.95
0.76
0.60
0.48
0.38
0.30
* UNIONIZED
AMMONIA
0.00263'
0.003J1V
0.00417V
0.005260
0.006622
0.008337
0.010495
0.013213
0.016633
0.02093:)
0.02635V
0.0331B2
0.04176V
0.05257V
0.06618-+
P. 083300
0.104853
0.131966
0.16607V
0.208991
0.262961
0.330823
0.41612b
0.523305
0.657910
0.826850
1.038716
1.30415-*
1.636310
3.051391
2.b6fc783
3.213530
4.010974
4.99760V
6.2U236
7.695704
9.499033
1 1.67149-*
14.3*2504
1 7.31593J
?P. 863990
34.919968
?9. 470764
14. 47106V
T9.840bli>
45.46604V
51.20976J
;6. 92170?
AP.4SS200
67.681503
72.500580
76.846893
* IONI7EO
AMMUN I A
99.V97300
99.996674
9
-------
TEMP C
CJO
oo
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15. C
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15. a
15. a
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
s.n
S.I
5.2
5.1
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
S.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
b.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.?
8.3
8.4
8.5
- a. 6
8.7
R.B
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.3
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.522
0. lO&^OU
0.1 37058
0.172484
0.21 7048
0.27309J
0. 343560
0.412131
0.5'. 3412
0.68J153
0.858519
1.07841-*
1.3538.6U
1.698453
3.128860
2.665380
3.332511
4.159480
5. 180678
6.4357S/
7.96932?
9.829939
1 2.067986
14.7323.12
17.86538/
71.<«96765
55.635895
10.26474J
IS. 332260
40.752441
46.407425
S3. 156326
57.04866J
63.339767
^8.505005
73.249847
77.514450
99.996552
99.995651
94.994522
99.99311'*
99.991333
9^.989090
99.9Hb267
99.982712
99.97B241
99.972610
99. 9^5530
99.956604
99.9453H9
99.931259
94.913467
9Q. 891098
99.862930
99.827515
99.782944
99.720898
99.656433
99.567856
99.456573
99.316833
99. 141479
9a. 921535
9P. 646133
98.301544
97.871140
97.334610
9^.667480
95.84u500
94.819321
93.564240
0?. 030670
90.170059
87.932007
8S. 267654
82.134613
7M. 503235
74.364115
69.735260
64.667740
59. 347559
53.593575
47.843674
42.151337
36.660333
31.494995
36.750153
2?. 485550
CONCENTRATION
751.H96729
597.258057
474.424072
376.M53271
299.349609
237.786575
Itjfl.HHbU 10
150.041199
119.186401
94.677414
75.209259
59.745163
47.4M578
37.704361
29.953918
33. 797516
18.90 ?2H6
15.022843
11.937320
9.485401
7.539564
5.993133
4.764754
3.789020
3.013V64
2.398314
1.909265
1.520836
1.212279
0.967184
0.772-.93
0.617852
0.495013
0.397438
0.319931
0.258366
0.209462
0.170617
0. 139761
0.115251
0.095782
O.OH0317
0.068033
0.058275
0.050525
0.044368
0.039477
0.035593
0.032507
0.030056
O.U38109
0.026563
« CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH4*NH3I XHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.03 KG/U NH3-N
-------
19
I
u.
o
2
f^^^ «f
ol^^"^Bf^ ff
^^XsO^ 2
« :? i\!~»mc*ri\:r'>5oo«*-« o%c^m>c's-ctN*O'-f*)^%crri^(T-f*.trio-jo>jCrn' o r*- £ if. ^-^MfnnMfyf^j to
rr 4 o«xrru^cc*^^^j>^r^^^ry^^«njr*Ln^o*rnx*-^^p^L/i^rnfrf\jc\j*-'^-«-«oooooceooood o
t -t ******«* ^
ZI -tflTvCCVJXCD J>*»-^f\jr*-l/»*O!COJCCJ-^HC7*^lf»-*rOI\jr\j»-t-^--toOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO O
ui2f\j^ir>1ccr(\fS)^t'-«3^f*--/i^fO(\)f\i'-«'^'^ u
ur^j^j-nporvj^^-^
i 2
I
f*) UJ
co»^r> h4
*-»
o
UJ
2
S
^» ^- ^- <\ rv r r^jirir^ro^3oo'fi'*i/i« ^
O *J*nnjr^ifivooott)r*t^^)r)t)O/\;om>D^rncoryorvjm-^i*-nj^j»^^)o-^aoo/>^ji?^<\jf*'^^jON-m-J^fNj c*>
2
- - ----<--j ^<^« «
J- «oj%~«:ooj>-*'jir~rj}-»nry<\i-*^-« ^
*T>r^r\jr*r>'-«a:^-i/i«3-n(\jnj'^^H^* ^S-
n <\j (^^ -- ±
a
o
o
CL
a.
>-
z
Ul
u
z
>-« o
o
a ujuiinuiip'j^^iri/Mniniri/^inuii/iininfur. ir>ini/Mair>mi/iininiruii/iu>i/iinioininirinioi/MnifiinininlninmiMn
A-34
-------
TEMP C
PH
I
co
on
16.0
16.0
16. 0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.3
16.0
16.0
16.0
16. C
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.3
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
1'6.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.3
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
5.0
5.1
5.?
5.3
5.*
5.S
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6. ft
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.*
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.3
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.*
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.*
8.5
a. 6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.*
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.S297
9.5297
9.^297
9.5297
9.5?97
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
9.5297
RATIO
33663.85
26899.05
21366.71
169/2.20
13*81.52
10708.77
8506.28
6756.79
536/.12
*26J.26
33*t).*3
268V. 9*
2136.70
1697.2*
13*8.17
1070.89
850.6*
675.69
536. /2
*26.33
338.65
269.00
213.67
169.73
13*. 82
107.09
85,07
67.57
53.67
*2.63
33.87
26.90
21.37
16.97
13. *8
10.71
6.51
6.76
5.37
*.26
3.39
2.69
2.1*
1.70
1.35
1.07
0.85
0.68
0.5*
0.*3
0.3*
0.27
», UNIONIZED
AMMONIA
O.OOP453
0.00371 /
0.00*6rtJ
0.00589?
0.007*1 /
9.00933/
0.01 1755
n.o i*7s-J
0.01^62*
0.023*51
0.029521
0.037162
0.0*677*
0.05888*
0.07*120
0.09329J
0.1 17*20
n.l*777-»
0.185971
0.23*010
0.29**22
0.37037J
0.*6582D
0.585732
0.736273
0.925150
1.161910
l.*58368
1.82906/
2.291803
2.868185
3.58*208
*.*70758
5.563930
6.905092
8.5*0292
10.518970
1 ?.H91*O/
15.705150
18.99B99J
>?. 796860
P7.09986-*
11.879730
-<7. 07391*
*?. 5853*2
*8. 28735-*
S*. 03*3*8
S9. 675995
*5. 07275*
70.109070
7*. 701*9
-------
t>
n ..
O *-
o
m
2
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O
z
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,
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2
c
z
20
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IT aio u -o 33 a-
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o
z
c
n
o
(V
z
-------
TEMP C
I
co
17.0
1 f.O
17.0
17.0
17. r
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17. C
17.3
17.0
17.0
17.0
17. i>
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
1 7.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.?
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.R
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.R
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKS
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
Q.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
Q.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4472
9.4972
Q.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
9.4972
RAT 10
31420.18
2495/.V7
19824.83
1574?. 45
1250U.66
9936.00
7892.45
6269.21
497-^.8?
3955.61
314?. 06
2495.63
1982.51
1574.77
1250.88
993.61
78V. 26
626.93
497.99
395.57
314.21
244.59
19B.25
15/.48
125.09
99.36
7b.93
62.69
49.60
39.56
- 31. -.2
24. 96
19. b3
15.75
12.51
9.94
7.89
6.27
4.48
3. 96
.3.14
2.50
1.V8
1.57
1.25
0.99
0.79
0.63
0.50
0.4Q
0.31
0.25
* U'110N17EO * lOM^FP
AMMONIA
0.003183
0.004CO t
0.005044
0.006350
0.007994
0.01006 i
0.01266V
0.015948
0.02007f
0.025274
O.OJ1816
0.040C51
0.050416
n. 063461
0.079880
0. 100542
0.126541
0.15925-*
n. 20<14flb
1.252164
0.31724V
P.3<»<<064
0.501672
0.63099V
0.7V3084
0.996386
1.251145
1.570012
1.968523
2.465652
3.084377
3.652230
4,b0176V
5.97082V
7.402375
9.143778
I1.24508/
13.756176
16.722351
70.1 7846 /
:»4. 141815
?8. 604660
13. 527878
IB. 83747V
44.425980
50.159134
^5.888123
61.464501
66.755280
71.654678
76.090561
00.025818
AMMONIA
99.996H1 1
9". 995987
94.994949
4«. 993637
94.992004
99.989929
99.987320
99.984039
94.979919
9-^.974716
99.968170
94.959446
99.444585
99.936539
99.920120
99.899445
99.873459
99.84074"*
99.799591
99.747833
94.662739
99.600937
9». 496123
99.368988
99.206909
99.003601
98.748840
9H. 429977
9*. 031464
97.534348
96.915619
96.147766
9S. 198227
94.029160
92.547610
9D.B56216
88.754913
86.243820
81.277649
79.821533
75.658185
71 .393340
66.472122
61.162521
55.574020
49.840866
44.111877
38.535492
33.244720
28.345322
23.909439
19.974182
CONCENT -»T I OH
NH4.NHJ
646.961Q14
513.4P5518
408. ?1 3"67
324.260448
257.573730
204.602707
162.526123
129.103561
102.554977
81. 466690
64.715561
51.40V6V8
40.840469
32.445023
25.776276
20.479080
16.271362
12.929064
10.274172
8.165305
6.490176
5.154573
4. 102^35
3.263076
2.596193
2.066467
1.645691
1.311454
1.045461
0.835073
0.667557
0.534495
0.4?t,aOO
0.344H43
0.278154
0.2?5180
0.183102
0.149678
0.123129
0.102039
O.OH5288
0.071961
0.061412
0.053016
0.0463»7
0.041049
0.036841
0.033499
0.0308*4
0.028735
0.027060
0.025739
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA
-------
X
M
I
o
UJ
o.*
")'''^-<|s-^0»--
zz o i^ ~i ?- o> j- in in nn rv r~ ru o ra in n x ir IT * ru o- -t |w'v''-';I'h-0v=oe''0p-:ots-
-1 m*vr-cio-!X!o^in-.ry^rw-i urr -- .J-JOJMC, a!or-j>r~t
ri ooooo rvCapor-ro«iv-.f>j^ivria>r\jjiria'T'i^r'
-------
TEMP C
t
oo
10
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
la.u
18.0
18.0
18.0
16.1)
16.0
16. C.
16. U
16.0
18.0
18.0
18. 0
16.0
18.0
18. n
18.0
1^.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
16. C
1E.O
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
lfi.0
16.0
18.0
16.0
5.0
5.1
5.?
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
S.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6^9
7.0
7.1
7.?
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
9.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
).ft
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
Q.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649 v
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.46«9
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.46-»9
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.46«9
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
9.4649
RATIO
29167.86
23168.69
18403.73
14618.62
1161^.00
9223.75
7326.70
5H19.81
4622. H4
3672.06
2916.61
2316.92
1640.40
1461.68
1161.22
922.39
732.68
581.99
462.29
36/.21
291.69
231.70
184.04
146.19
116.12
92.24
7J.27
56.20
46.23
36.72
. 29.17
23.17
18.40
14.62
11.61
9.22
7.33
5.82
4.62
3.67
2.92
2.32
- .. 1.84
1.46
1.16
0.93
0.73
0.58
0.46
0.37
0.29
0.23
* UNIONIZED
A«MONU
1.003426
0.004316
0.00543J
0.00664'J
0. 008611
n.010H40
0.01 1647
0.0171HO
0. 021627
0.027225
0.034272
O.U43142
0.054307
C. 066356
0.086042
n. 10H297
0.136299
1.171530
0.215b47
0.271583
0.341662
0.429747
0.54Q41/
0.679393
0.853802
1.072500
1.3464b7
1 .689196
2.117311
2.650996
3.314652
4.1373H6
5.153449
6.402369
7.929659
9. 76078-*
12.009131
14.662650
17.783981
31.403122
?5. 530090
to. 147566
-(5.205383
4(1.618317
46.26922(3
S?. 01762*
"^7.71 3056
63.210632
*8. 384949
73.1-.0806
77.41743S
-------
TEMP C PH
I
-P>
O
lfi.5
18.5
18.5
18.^
18.5
1*.5
lb.5
18.5
18. 5
If .5
18.5
18.5
16.5
18.5
18.5
la. 5
IB. 5
18.5
18.5
18.5
IP. 5
18.5
18.5
18.5
IS. 5
Ift.S
18.5
18.5
16.5
18.5
lt>.5
If. 5
Id. 5
18.5
ie.5
lf«.5
If. 5
16. 5
16.5
18. 5
18.5
lb.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
- 8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
a. 4
8.5
8. 6
«.7
a. 8
a. 9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.44S8
9.44P8
9.44H8
9.4488
9.44R8
9.4488
9.4488
9.44B8
9. <>488
9.44H8
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.44R8
9.44H8
9.4488
9.44(18
9.4488
9.4488
9.4418
9.44H8
9.4488
9.4488
9.4418
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488 -
9.44«8
9.4498
9.4438
9.44R8
9.44H8
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
9.4488
RATIO
28108.36
22327.29
17735.21
140*7.60
11190.19
88-16.70
7060.55
5606.41
4454.92
3538. 6«
2810.87
2232.76
1773.55
1408. 78
1119.03
861. 8W
706.07
560.85
443.50
353.87
281.09
22J.28
177.36
140. d*
111.91
88.89
70.61
56.09
44.55
35.39
. -- 28.11
22.33
17.74
14.09
11.19
8.89
7.06
5.61
4.46
3.54
2. til
2.23
1.77
1.41
1.12
0.89
0.71
0.56
0.45
0.35
0.28
0.22
* UNIONIZED
AMMONIA
0. 00355»
0.00447-*
0.00563M
0.00709H
1.00H93&
O.OH244
0.014161
0.017H27
0.022442
0.02H251
0.035563
0.044768
(1.056352
0.070933
P. 0*9283
0.112374
0.141430
0.1779M4
0.223963
0.2fcl /92
0. 354495
0.445873
0.56067J
0.704822
O.H85700
1.11247?
1.396502
1.7S1756
2.195369
2.7481H1
3.435305
4.2H6650
5.337334
6.627704
8.203004
in. 112186
12.40565-*
15.131721
1S..J31«51
'2.032160
?6. 239914
10.932434
16.053970
41.513794
47. 19027 1
*2. 9*0353
SH. 613*19
C.4.06678*
69.1794U
73.B61420
7H. 057783
A1.74691B
* IONIZED
AMMONIA
94.99642V
90.995514
99.994J54
99.992889
99.991058
99.988734
99.9H5825
9Q.VM2162
94.977554
99.971741
99.964432
99.955231
94.943634
99.929062
99.910706
99.8P7619
99.8585b6
94.822006
94.776031
94.718201
94.645493
94.554123
91. 439316
99.295166
94.114288
9H.BH7512
9H. 603485
9rt. 248230
97.804626
97.251816
- 96.564682
9S. 713333
94.662659
93.372284
91.7969H2
89.S87802
87.594345
84.868271
81.668549
77.967834
71.760086
69.067566
63.9*6030
58.486206
52.809723
47.059647
41.336581
35.933212
30.820587
26. 138580
21.V42215
18.253082
CONCENTRATION
NH4*NM3 '
578.771484
459.739502
365.1H8477
240.0-<4?29
230.>«?6590
183.03M893
145.397369
115.497589
91. 747*37
72.^81912
57.HV6423
45.993057
36.537872
29.027359
23.061508
18.322662
14.558470
11.56H457
9.193397
7.306H14
5.«08255
4.617902
3.672169
2.921306
2.324714
1.H50H23
1.474398
1.175391
0.937883
0.749223
0.599365
0.480327
0.3H5773
0.310666
0.251006
0.203616
0.165973
0.136072
0.112321
0.093454
0.078463
0.066564
0.057109
0.049598
0.043632
0.038B93
0.035128
0.032138
0.029763
0.027877
0.026376
0.025187
« CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH4*NH3) WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZEO AMHONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.03 *G/L NH3-N
-------
TEMP C
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.3
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.3
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19,0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.1
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.?
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.R
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.6
7.9
ft.O
B.I
8.?
8.3
8.4
8.5
«.ft
9.7
R.fl
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.432H
9.4328
9.4328
9.43?8
9.4328
9.4328
9.43?8
9.4328
9.4328
9.4328
9.4328
9.4378
9.4328
9.4J?8
9.4328
9.4328
9.4328
9.4328
9. 4328
9.432M
9.43?fl
9. 4328
9.432d
9.4328
9.4328
9.4328
9.4328
9.4328
9.4328
0.4328
9.4328
9.4328
9.4328
9.43?8
9.4328
9.4328
9.4328
9.4328
9.4J28
9.432fl
9. 4326
9.4328
9.4328
9.4328
Q.4328
9.4328
9.4328
0.4328
9.4328
9.4328
9.4328
9.432B
PATIO
27090.77
21511.99
17093.15
13577.59
107hb.08
8566.91
6804.95
5405.37
4293.64
3410.57
2709. 11
2151.93
1709.34
135/.7K
1078.52
8b6. 70
680.50
540. 54
429.37
341.06
270.91
215.20
170.94
135. 71
107.85
85.67
68.05
54.06
42.94
34.11
27.09
21 .52
17.09
13.58
10.79
1.57
6.Bl
5. 41
4.29
3.41
2.71
2.15
- - 1.71
1.36
l.OH
0.86
0.68
0.54
0.43
0.34
0.27
0.22
* UNIONIZED * IO'Jl/tO
AMMONIA
n.on3f.9i
Q.00464/
fl.005B53
0.007365
P.U09271
0.011671
0.014693
O.OIC497
0.0232H-J
0.029312
1 .036H99
0 .04t>44-t
0.05H468
".073596
0.092633
0.1 16590
0. 146734
0. If 465 7
0.23235:4
n. 292343
0.367762
n. 462544
0.511611
0.73I10J
0.91866J
1.153782
1.44H197
1.M6360
2.275956
2.04«468
3.559750
4.440523
5.52673'
6.HS9577
H.4K4912
I0.452319
12.811934
IS. 61 1368
1 H.H«9954
P?. 672104
36.959808
11.72570M
16. 908401
42.41 1789
48.11004'>
^ 3.857910
^9.504974
*4. 911179
69.96005-i
74.567047
78.682810
02.290680
AMMONIA
94.996307
96
27.977234
22.227371
17.660095
14.032166
11.150395
8.H61320
7.043034
5.59H725
4.451468
3.54Q167
2.816294
2.241300
1.7W4565
1.421767
1.133535
0.904674
0.722844
0.578411
0.463684
0.372S53
0.300164
0.242664
0.196990
0.160710
0.131»91
0.109000
0.090816
0.076373
0.064900
0.055787
0.048S48
0.042798
0.038230
0.034602
0.031720
0.029431
0.027613
0.026168
0.025021
»« CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA INH<»»MH3> WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONlZEO AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MG/L NH3-N
-------
2 X
I
I
p»
z
_l
u.
o
o
oe
>-
Z
O
1
3.
ro^
ooooo*-1 --^-r
2?
o
»^
z
Z
o
O
O
ry M ^-^ -.
a
o
z
^ to
O
ct
t-
Z
x
a.
u
Q,
io
A-42
-------
TEMP C
PH
3=
I
-P»
GO
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
2C.O
20. ft
23.0
2J.O
20.0
20.0
20.0
2C.O
20.0
20.0
2u.C
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
2G.O
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
5.0
5.1
S.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.?
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
f>.B
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.3
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
3.B
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.H
9.9
10.0
10.1
PK4
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
Q.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.40 10
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4Q10
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
4010
4010
4010
4010
4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4310
9.4010
4.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
9.4010
RATIO
25174.29
19VV6.68
15183.93
12617.07
10022.11
7960.86
6323.54
5022.98
3989.90
3169.29
2517.46
199V. b9
1588.42
1261.72
1002.23
796.10
632.36
502.30
39V. 00
316.93
251.75
19V. 97
158.84
126.17
100.22
79.61
63.24
50.23
3V. 90
31.69
25.18
20.00
15. d8
12.62
10.02
7.96
6.32
5.02
3.99
3.17
2.52
2.00
1.59
1.26
1.00
0.80
0.63
0.50
0.40
0.32
0.25
0.20
* UNIONISED
AMMUUlA
P.003V72
0.005001
0.0062V:>
n.00792->
0.00997'
0.012560
0.01581 1
0.0199U3
0. 02505'
0.031543
n. 03970'
0.049983
0.062916
0.079194
0.04V674
0.125455
0.15788'
0.19868'
0.250003
0. 314531
0.39564J
0.497582
0.625611
0.7M6323
ft. 48790 J
1 .240528
1.556730
1.95193^
2.444V84
3.058684
3.820394
4.762475
5.922563
7.343440
9.0723?^
1 1.15923-*
13.654114
16.60252*
?0. 039825
?1. 984131
P8. 428741
33.335HOO
18.632690
44.213013
49.943390
55.67527d
61.259903
A6. 56347'
71.479034
75.933243
79.887543
83.334732
« IONIZED
AMMONIA
94.496317
99.9V4995
99.493b98
9P. 942065
99.990021
94.9P7427
99.984177
99.980087
99.974930
94.968445
99.960281
99.450012
99.937.173
99.920837
94.900314
99.874542
94.842102
99.801300
94.749985
94.685455
99.604340
99.50241 1
99.374390
94.213669
94.012085
98. 754*60
9*. 443268
9*.04d050
97.555008
96.9*1315
96.179596
9^.237618
94.077423
9P. 656555
90.927658
88.840759
86.345886
83.397476
79.960175
76.01^869
71.571259
66.664200
61.367310
55.7d6987
50.056610
44.324722
38.740097
33.436523
2H.520V6b
24.066757
20.112457
16.665268
CONtENT^AT ION
NH4»NH3
518.359375
411.752197
327.0?0557
259.806152
206.375885
163.934^,01
130.222321
103.443619
fl2. 172592
65.276337
51.855103
41.194260
32.726044
25.999512
20.656387
If .412216
13.040948
10.3e3042
8.235901
6.546247
5.204113
4.138015
3.291182
2.618517
E. 084199
1.654776
1.322643
1.054849
0.842132
0.673165
0.53B950
0.432338
0.347654
0.280386
0.226954
0.184511
0.150797
0.124017
0.102745
0.085848
0.072427
0.061765
0.053297
0.046570
0.041227
0.036982
0.033611
0.030933
0.028806
0.027116
0.025774
0.024708
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH4*NH3) WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZEO AMMONIA CONCENTRATION. OF 0.03 MG/U NH3-N
-------
c ooo*-oooo«rc. c
* ui f\i »- o so -x -4 > Ji * wjro^
z
^
TO
o
I/I
o
n
uJUJWU*LJtJ <
»-. »« »_> f\) U> U <" ^ -*J %C f\J Jl -
O
c
M
o
w
I
O
ro
Z
i«--- co
"5
f
9*-*
50
2
* O
£7rTi
>o xz
-------
TE.MP C PH
WtTIO
* UMONUED
AMMONIA
CONCt'lT-fAT ]
t
-p.
tn
21. l)
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21. J
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21. C
21.0
21,0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21. 0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
s.s
5.6
5.7
5.P
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.?
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.P
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.6
7.9
8.0
«.l
8.2
H.3
8.4
8.S
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
9. 3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.1693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9. 3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
9.3693
23405.03
18591.30
1476/.62
11730.35
9317. 77
7401.37
5879.13
4669.96
3/0^.49
2946. b5
234U.54
1859.16
1476.78
1173.05
931.79
740.15
587.92
46 /.OO
370.95
294.66
234.06
185.92
147. 6P
117.31
93.1ft
74.02
58.79
46.70
37.10
29.47
23.41 .
18.59
14.77
11.73
V.J2
7.4Q
5.83
4.67
3.71
2.95
2.34
1.86
1.48
1.17
0.93
0.74
0.59
0.47
0.37
0.29
0.23
0.19
0.004272
0 .005379
0.006/71
n.00fc-b24
0.0 10731
0.013509
O.C 1 7GOO
0 .C214Q *
O.t'26951
O.OJ3926
0.042707
0.053759
O.Of-7669
0.085175
0. 10720^
0.13492"
0.169o02
0 .21 J67t
0.268851
0.33H22/
0.42542:*
0.53499J
0. 67258-*
0.845260
1.061 793
1.33305-*
1.672440
2.096396
2.624954
3.28230-*
4.Q97354
5.104103
6. 341B6O
7.H54949
9.691668
> 1 .902390
14.536221
1 /.6J620')
?1. 233032
?5. J3776-*
79.V34440
"4.97441 1
40.373978
46.017212
^1 .76445U
57. 465408
A?. 974472
68. 165298
72.941116
77.23963*
81.032928
"4.322327
99.995728
99.994614
99.993225
99.991470
91.989238
99.986481
99.9829B6
99.978592
9 J.9/3C38
99.966064
99.957291
99.946228
99.93232/
9v. 9 1482 5
99.8V2792
99.8(o5067
r^. 830 185
99.786316
91.73U4U
99.661774
99.5745/0
99.464996
99.327408
99.154739
98.938202
98.66694o
9d. 327560
97.903595
97.375u46
96. M7682
95.902634
94.895889
9t. 656127
9?. 145050
90.308319
08.097595
85.463776
»?. 363800
78.766968
74.662231
70.065552
65.025589
59.626022
53.962788
48.235550
42.534592
3f. 025528
31.834702
27.058884
22.760361
18.967072
15.677673
481.930176
382.815430
304.085693
241.548538
191.673352
152.414896
121.071808
96.175156
76.398926
60.690140
48.212204
3R.30P598
30.427551
24.173721
19.2061 16
15.260231
12.125885
9.636169
7.658529
6.087627
4.839818
3.848644
3.061326
2.435936
1.939172
1 .544574
1.211135
0.9B2161
0.7P4395
0.627302
0.502519
0.403400
0.324668
0.262128
0.212451
0.172090
0.141646
0. 1 Io74fl
O.U96972
0.6P1262
0.068784
0.0?««72
0.050998
0.0^744
0.039776
0.035830
0.032696
0.030206
0.028228
0.026657
0.025409
0.024416
* CONCENTRATIONS OF AHMONIA(NH4»NH3> WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MG/L NH3-N
-------
TE.MP C PH
21.5
21.5
21.5
21. 5
21. E
21.5
21.3
21.5
21.5
?1.S
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21. S
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
31.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21. S
il.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21. 5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
5.n
5.1
5.?
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
fl.H
ft. 9
9.0
9.)
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.3536
9.3536
9.1536
9.3516
0.3516
9.3S16
9.35)6 . .
9.3516
9.3516
9.3516
0.3516
0,3536
9.3536
9.15.16
9.3516
9.1S16
9.3536
9.3536
0.3516
9.1516
9.35.16
9.1516
9.1536
0.3536
9. 35.16 -
9.3516
9.1536
0.3536
9.3536
a.. 15 36
9.3536
9.3536
9.3536
9.3536
9.1536
9.3516
0.35.36
9.. 15 36
9.3516
9.3536
9.3516
9.3536
9.3516
9.3536
9.3516
9.3536
9.3536
9.3516
9.3536
9.3536
9.3536
9.3536
3ATIO
22571.79
17929.43
14241.87
11312.74
8986.04
7137.88
5669.83
4503.71
3577.43
2841,65
2257.21
1792.97
1424,21
1131.29
89a. 62
71J.80
566.99
450. 3fl
J5/.75
28H.17
225.72
179.30
142.42
11J.13
UV.d6
71.38
56.70
45.04
35.78
28.42
22.57
17.93
14.24
11.31
M.99
7.14
b.67
4.50
3.58
2.84
2.26
1.79
1.42
1.13
0.90
0.71
0.57
0.45
- 0.36
0.20
0.23
0.18
* UNIONIZED
AMMONIA
0.0044JU
0.005577
0.007021
0. 008839
0.01I12/
fl. 014008
0.01763H
0.022199
0.027945
0.035178
0.04428J
P. 05574^
n. 070163
O.OHP317
0.111158
0.1399QK
0. 1 76059
0.22154-*
C. 278747
0.350669
0.44106b
0.55463J
0. 697240
0.876190
1.100559
1.381583
1.733109
2.17210-t
2.719219
3.394357
4.242190
5.2«2571
6.560617
8.121360
10.013612
1^.287778
14.99237o
l«,lbP961
?t .R45627
:"5,0£964d
111. 700241
15.803253
4l,24958d
46.918915
^2.668913
^2
99.88(5840
99.860092
99.823929
qg, 77H<»42
99.721252
Q9.649J23
99.568929
99.445J58
99.3027^0
99.123810
98.899429
9M. 618408
9H. 266691
97.827896
97.280777
96.600632
95.757797
94.717422
91.439377
91.878632
89.9H6374
B7. 712219
*>. 007614
81.831039
7H. 1543 73
73.970352
69.299759
6
-------
I
.£»
22.0
22.0
22-.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22. o
22.0
2<:.G
22.0
22. P
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22. U
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
2t.O
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22. 0
22.0
22.0
22. 0
22. a
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
ft.O
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.R
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
- fl.O
R.I
8.?
«.3
R.4
8.5
8.6
9.7
9.8
H.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10. 0
10.1
PKA
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
4. 3 .17 9
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3374
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3J79
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.33?9
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
9.3379
PATIO
21770. 85
17393.32
I J7J6.52
10*11.32
8667. 17
6B84.59
54t>£).63
4343.39
3450.48
27-.O.B2
2177.11
1729.35
1373.67
1091.15
B66.73
688.47
540. hi
4JH.40
345.05
274.09
217.71
172. 94
13/.37
109.12
86.67
&a.B5
54.69
43.44
34.51
27.41
21.77
17.29
13.74
10.91
H.67
6.8H
5.47
4.34
J.45
2.74
2.18
1.73
1.37
1.09
O.H7
0.69
0.55
0.43
0.35
0.27
0.22
0.17
* IJNIONI7EO
AMMONIA
ft. 004593
0.005762
0.00727V
P.00916-*
0.011531
0.01452J
0.01828J
0.023016
0.028973
0.036472
0.04S9] 1
0.057742
0.07274D
0.091563
0.11524 1
9. 14^03-*
O.lo29J
6. 7«5bQ(*
S. 395065
in.343902
12.6H250-)
15.45867'
1«.71?311
?2.46a75i)
?6. 73130«
11.4742U
^'b.6J784^
42.127b3b
47.«19626
=13. 568604
59.224274
A4. 645706
*9. 714920
74.345731*
78.486984
«2. 120483
X5. 255554
* IONIZED
AMMONIA
99.995407
90.994217
9W.V92722
94.9^0629
99.98d464
99.985474
99.9*1705
99. V76974
94.971024
99.963516
9^. 954086
99.942200
9-*. 927246
9'-<. 908432
99.8^4750
9^.8^4^50
99.81 7474
99.770325
99.711014
49.636475
9^.542770
99.425Q79
99.2772-J3
«9.091rt5d
9-^.859406
98.568314
9H. 204269
97.749771
97.133548
96.479480
^.608532
9<,.533707
43.21^386
91.b04H»35
«9. 656097
R7. 317-490
84.541321
«1.2«7689
77.531250
7<.26B692
6^.525787
63.362152
S7. 872162
52.180374
46.431396
40.775726
35.3542V4
30.285080
25. 654206
21.513016
17.679517
14.744446
CONCENT-»4T ION
%H4»MM3 '
44H.2B2471
356.0«7891
2H2.H55225
224.>,>'4616
17b. 477661
141.774261
112.619675
89.461380
71.066055
56.4<54086
44.847366
35.627*23
28. J04443
22.4f7274
17.^)66531
14.156157
11.280662
8.9647V4
7.125235
5.664020
4.503330
3.5el359
2.H49013
2.267290
1. *05210
1.436167
1.14661?
0.915023
0.731064
0.5P4940
0.468870
0.376672
0.30343&
0.245263
0. 199054
0.162350
0.133194
0.110034
0.091638
0.077026
0.065419
0.056199
0.04tid75
0.043058
0.038437
0.034766
0.031P5\
0.029535
0.027695
0.026234
0.025073
0.024151
**
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH4»NM3) WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 M&/L NH3-N
-------
817-V
_..»»»»».*.*».
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^fui\)i\jrorororu^f\ii\)rvruroruNr\jwrurui\)ryfuru^.xrow
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TtMP C
3>
vo
23.1)
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23. o
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23. a
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23..)
23. i>
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
2J.O
£3.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.S
5.6
5.7
S.fl
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
. 6.7
fi.e
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
a.o
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
1.5
a. 6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
- 9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
0.3067
9.3C67
0.3067
9. 30*7
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3U67
9.3067
9.3P67
0.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9. 3067
9,3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
0.3067
9.3067
9.3067
0,3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3J67
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3U67
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
9.3067
3ATIO
20260.71
16U4J.68
12783. b8
10lb4.<»6
H.06b.98
6407.05
404^.58
3211.14
2bb0.70
2026.10
1609.39
1270.39
1015.46
806.61
640.71
508.94
404.26
321.12
25b.07
202.61
160.94
12/.84
101.55
bti.66
64.07
50.89
40.43
32.11
25.51
. 20.26 - .
16.09
12.78
10.15
8.07
6.41
_. _ b.OV
4.04
3.21
2.55
2.03
1.61
1.28
1.02
0.81
0.64
O.S1
0.40
0.32
0.26
0.20
0.16
* UNlO'Jl/EO
A'-1MU.-4I4
0.00*933
0.00621 J
0.007H22
0.009f47
1.012346
0.0 15603
0.019643
0.024731
0.031132
0.03918-*
0.04V33. 499817
hi. 578323
P0.16V556
76.254227
71.837418
66.955078
61.677856
5b. 110306
50.384552
44.64U6R2
39.051680
33.729111
?f». 789124
24.307327
20.324066
16.640251
13.863495
CONCENTRATION
NH«.»NM3 (
417.188721
331 . 389^04
263.2^6572
209.100815
166.0^9167
131 .941605
104.n04280
83.2b7')b5
66. 137965
52.539581
41.737961
33.157928
26.342545
20.926909
16.628662
13. 2121372
10. 499t>06
8.344376
6.632417
5.272557
4.192386
3.334370
2.652822
2.111448
1.681419
1.339E36
1.068506
0.852980
0.661782
0.545794
0.437775
0.3S1973
0.283817
0.229679
O.lhfa675
0.15r>S16
0.125333
0.103830
0.086710
0.073111
0.062309
0.053729
0.046913
0.041499
0.037199
0.03J783
0.031069
0.028914
0.027202
0.025842
0.024762
0.023904
**
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA
-------
TEMP C
PK4
RAT [0
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23. <5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
21.5
23. S
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.S
7.6
7.7
7.«
7.9
- 8.0
S.I
8.2
<».3
a. 4
8.5
1.6
8.7
8.R
"5.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
9.2911
9.291 1
9.2911
9.2911
9.291 1
9.2911
9.P911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9. 2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.291 1
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.?91 1
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9. 2^1 1
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2V11
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.2911
9.?911
19548.94
15528.30
12334. S8
9797.72
7782.62
MB1 ,9iS
- - 4910.52
3900.56
3098.33
2461.10
1954.92
1552.85
1233.48
97V.79
776.27
610.30
491.06
390.06
309. S4
246.11
193.49
155.29
123.35
97.98
. 77.63
61.82
49.11
39.01
30.98
24.61
19.55
15.53
1
0.041 127
0.064353
0.08100&
0.10195^
0.128325
0.16149/
0.203228
0.255714
0.321712
0.404673
0.50«91 9
0.639847
C.80418/
1.010303
1 ,2685«0
1.591817
1.995750
2.499581
3.126546
3.90447=
4.866241
6.049997
7.49S001*
9.260873
U.36571/
1 3.92328=
16.^1842'
'0.40513*5
?4.3'-<9399
'".891724
13.84091^
19.170898
44.772247
SO. 509476
Sh. 233337
M.79591-*
f,7, 065598
71.93841h
76,344620
«0. 248871
«3. 64663=
M6. 558090
* IONISED
AMMON 1 A
9t). 994873
99.993561
99.991882
99.989/92
9V. 987152
99.983826
9V. 979630
99.974365
99.967728
94.959381
9V. 946868
94.935638
90.918991
97.898041
9V.B71674
99.B3«501
99.796768
99.744278
90.678284
99.595322
99.491074
99.360153
9v. 1 vbSOl
93.989685
93.731415
98.4081 73
14.004242
97.500412
9h.87J444
96.U95520
95.1337=9
93.9^9997
92.500977
90.739120
8H. 614273
«6. 076706
81.081573
79.594864
75.600601
71.108276
66.159088
60.829102
S5. 227753
49.490524
43.7666e>3
?P. 204086
32.934402
28.061584
23.655380
19.751129
16.353165
13.441910
CONCENTRATION
NH4«NM3 *«
402.533203
319. 748047
253.9K9h«5
201.755707
160.264679
127.307129
101.128098
80.333176
63.«15231
50.694550
40.272-400
31.913790
25.417847
20.1943b6
16.045212
12.749427
10.131466
8.U51 ^55
6.400138
5.088057
4.045827
3.217954
2.560350
2.037997
1.623074
1.293490
1.031692
0.«23738
0.656554
0.527344
0.423119
0.340331
0.274S70
0.222333
0.1R0841
0.147882
0.121 702
0.100906
0.084387
0.071266
0.060844
0.052565
0.045988
0.040765
0.036615
0.033319
0.030701
0.028622
0.326970
0.025658
0.024615
0.0237B7
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIAINH^NHS) WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MG/L NH3-N
-------
TEMP C PH
PKA
PftTIO
* IO'II/FD
AMMONIA
CONCENTRATION
I
en
24.0
24. u
JS.9
24.0
24.0
24.0
24. u
?4.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
2^.0
24. o
£4.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
2n.O
24.0
£4.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.1
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24. U
24.0
24. C
24.0
24.0
24. 0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5."
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.?
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
- 7.4
7.5
7.6
7,7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
5.3
8. 4
H.5
8.6
8.7
a. 8
3.9
9.3
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.9
10.0
10.1
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.?756
9.2756
9.2756
9.?756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.?756
9.2756
9.?7S6
9.?756
4.?756
9.2756
9.2756
9.?756
9.2736
9.?756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
0.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
0.2756
9.?756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
9.2756
1HB64.42
144M4.56
11902. 6A
94b4.o4
7510. 13
5465.49
4738.67
3763.98
£984. 84
2374.92
18p6.47
144O.4H
1140.28
943.48
751.02
473.86
376.40
240.99
237.50
188.65
119.03
94.55
73.10
59.66
47.39
37.64
29.40
2J.75
.. - _18.87
14.49
11.90
4.46
7.51
5.47
4.74
J.76
2.99
2.38
1 .89
l.bO
-. - 1.19
0.95
0.75
0.60
0.47
0.38
O.JO
0.24
0.19
0.15
0.005301
r).00667J
n. 001401
1.0l057b
0.013314
P. 016760
0.021099
n .026561
0.03343''
n. Q42084
O.D529H1
0.066690
0.08394J
n. Iu5653
". 132973
n. 167348
0.210587
0.26446-'
0. 33334"
0.419246
f). 527284
fl.662915Jb9
91.940173
?5. 062897
?4. 624486
14.643478
40.023342
45.65516 7
51.4Q025J
57.10HS51
*?.633H20
f-7. 848033
72.652328
76.982300
PO. 807755
04.128571
«6. 967433
99.9V469Q
90.493317
99.991S42
99.984410
99.986679
99.983231
99.978897
94.973434
99.966553
93.957401
99.947036
99.933304
9v.91t>046
99.694333
44.867020
v /. 832642
99. 7*94 13
94.735031
99.66o641
99.580704
99.472702
94,337082
99.166870
4".9i>34l5
9n. 68b989
9B. 351364
97.933319
97.412064
96.763657
95.959564
94.966064.
93.7441H6
92.249954
9,1.435211
8^.249680
85.6t40l2
82.b74631
74.009827
74.937103
7'). 370514
65.356522
54.97660H
54.344833
4H. 599747
42.891444
37.366180
32.151962
27.347672
21.017700
19. 1922^5
15.871429
13.032562
3BB.4 18965
308.S52734
245.096680
194.691559
154.653442
122.H50037
97.5f-7662
77.t>>0466
61.581406
48.920151
38.H62961
30.P74191
24.328519
19.4b7946
15.484095
12.303703
9.777427
7.771729
6.176759
4.910615
3.904H77
3.105992
2.471416
1.967354
1 .-:>669bl
1.248418
0.^96288
0.795615
0.636214
0.509598
0.^09024
0.329135
0.265676
0.215269
0.175229
0.143425
0.11H161
0.098093
0.082153
0.069492
0.059434
0.051445
0.045099
0.040058
0.036054
0.032874
0.030347
0.028340
0.026746
0.025480
0.024474
0.023676
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH*»NM3» KMICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZEO AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.03 MG/L NH3-N
-------
zs-v
r\jryf^
'ji^
^
i -^ -*4 QD -^ »- ro ^ ro a. u> u~i a
»-> t h*. nj r\j i^ o
ooooo«^-«-'rurouj*-»ji-jND^--F'(rLjNO->(-^'O****
-------
TEMP C PH
3>
Co
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25. u
25.0
25.0
25.0
25. 0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
2b.O
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.?
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
a.o
8.1
9.2
1.3
8.4
n.5
8.6
8.7
".«
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10. 0
10.1
PKA
9.2448
0.2448
9.?448
9.?448
9.2448
9.2W48
9.2448
9.2448
9.2448
9.3t48
9.2448
9. 2^48
9.?<<48
9.2440
9.2448
9.?H4b
9.2-*4«
9.P448
9.2448
9.2<«4i)
9.2444
9.244B
9.2448
9.2448
9.2*48
9.2448
9.2448
9.2448
9.2448
Q.2448
9.2448
9.2448
9.2448
9.244H
9.2448
9.2448
9.2«4B
9.2448
9.2448
9.2448
9.2448
9.2448
9.244tt
9.2448
9.2448
9.2448
9.2448
9.2448
9.2448
9.2448
9.2448
9.2448
RATIO
17572.79
13958.57
110M7.70
8807.29
b99b.89
555f.04
4414.12
3506.27
2/85.13
2212.31
1757.30
1395.81
1108.79
880.74
699.60
555.71
441.43
350.63
27b.52
221.23
17b.73
139.59
110.38
86.08
69. V6
55.57
44.14
30.06
27. dS
247
9^.9-15703
99.981995
99.977341
99.9H481
99.964Q96
99.954H19
99.9431 15
99.928406
99.9u9bH2
99.8^6541
99.8b7254
99.b20374
99.773956
99.715607
99.642227
99.550018
9V.434 174
99.2S1696
9T. 106186
93.877350
98.590759
94.232330
97.7B4775
97.227112
96.534027
9S. 675430
94.6159H2
95.315125
91.727432
R9.8()3e79
87.494019
P4.7<«972b
HI. 530396
77.609387
71.5H1*,19
6H.H70&36
63.733627
SX. 262634
52.580383
46.830505
41 .1*3559
35. 721649
30.624741
25.961304
?1. 785090
18.116211
14.947144
12.249542
CONCENTRATION
NH4»NH3
361.U44238
287.427490
228.3163*1
181.36^<,25
144.065^57
114.439957
90.907333
72. 214584
57. J*6<.09
45.572052
36.203415
28.76168H
22.H50<«94
IP. 155045
14. -* 25319
H.^62694
9.109J89
7.240087
5.755246
4.575795
3.63H924
2.894738
2.303611
1.134060
1.461082
1.164816
0.929482
0.742549
0.594Q63
0.476117
0.3H2428
0.10H009
0.24«fl95
0.201940
0.164^41
0.135014
0.111480
0.092787
0.077938
0.066143
0.056774
0.049332
0.0"»3421
0.038725
0.034995
0.032033
0.029679
O.S27810
0.026325
0.025145
0.024208
0.023464
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH4»NM3> WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF O.OH MG/L NH3-N
-------
TKMP C
PKA
RATIO
i
01
-P.
25. S
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
?5.S
313.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
?5.S
25.5
25. S
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
35. -5
?5.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25. 5
25.5
25. S
2S.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
.15.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
35.5
25.5
25. S
25.5
Z5.5
35.5
35.5
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.S
5.6
5.7
S.I
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
*>.S
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.3
7.9
- 9.0
B.)
8.2
«.3
fl.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
B.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9. ft
9.9
10.0
10. 1
9,?295
9.2295
9.2295
o.?295
9.??95
9.22^5
9.?295
9.2295
9.2295
9.3295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.P295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
<5.?295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.?295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.2295
9.3295
9.3395
9.3295
9.2295
9.3395
9.?295
9.3295
9.3295
9.3395
9.3295
16963.52
13474.62
10703.29
8302.91
6753.34
536<«. i7
4261.08
3384.70
3608.56
3133.61
1696.37
1347.48
1070. J4
850.21
675.34
536.44
426.11
338.47
.. 368.86
213.56
169.64
134.75
107.04
85.02
67.54
53.65
42.61
33.85
26. d9
31.36
. 16.96
1J.48
10.70
8.50
6.75
5.36
. 4.26
3.38
2.69
2.14
1.70
1.35
1.07
0.85
0.6H
0.54
0.43
0.34
0.27
0.21
0.17
0.13
* UNIONIZED
AMMONIA
0.005891
0.007421
0.00934^
0.011761
0.0 14HU"3
0 .Olrtft}^
0.02346J
0.029536
0. 037181
0.046803
0.05891 3
0.074158
0.0*3341
1. 1 17480
0.1478^4
0.1H6060
0.234130
0.29457 3
0.370562
0.466062
(1.5H6030
0.73664-*
0.93S619
1.162498
1 .'«5910'1>
1 ,»J29988
2..292950
2.869612
3.5B5978
4.472943
5.566621
6.908379
P.54428b
10.523791
1 2.89721''
15.71192*
19.006866
72.80S847
?7. 10998'J
11.89085H
17.0B5B46
42.59783^
49.300123
S4. 047043
^9.688393
M23b
99.9«51B<4
99.981 354
99.976532
99.970459
99.962814
99.953186
9
-------
TF.MP C
PH
I
cn
en
26.0
26.0
26,0
26. C
26.11
26.0
£6.0
£6.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
i6.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.6
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.9
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26. 0
26.0
26.0
26. 0
26.0
26.0
26.0
2C-..0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
Z6.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
S.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
3.4
8.5
a. 6
8.7
«.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10. 0
10.1
PKA
9.21'«2
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
«.2l42
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
0.2K2
9.?142
9.2142
9.2142
°.2 1*2
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.^142
9.2142
9.2142
°.21<*2
9.7142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.?l42
9.?142
9.2142
9,2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
9.2142
WAflO
16377.31
13001.98
10333.42
8/00.14
6519.96
517V. 00
4113. rt3
3267.74
P595.66
2061. til
1637.75
1300.92
1033.36
8c!u.B2
652.01
S17.SI1
411.39
3?6.7H
259.57
206. 1-i
163.78
130.09
103.34
82.08
Ob. 20
51.79
41.14
3C.68
25.96
20.62
16.38
13.01
10.33
a. 21
6.5?
5.1«
4.11
3.27
2.60
d.Q(>
1.64
1.30
. - 1.03
0.32
0.65
0.52
0.41
0.33
0.26
0.21
0.16
0.13
* UNIONIZED
A.'-IMON 1 A
0.006106
0.007686
0.009676
0. 0121fl2
0.015330
0.01930^
0.024302
0. OJO 59 J
0.038511
Q. 046478
0.061022
0.070810
0.09667B
0.12168 1
0.153131
0.193713
0.2424VU
0.30 50 ht
(1.383773
0.482664
0.606878
0.7628lt>
0.9^8433
1. 203606
i .'j>10b4l
1.89<*24d
2.373075
2.Vb927r>
3.7C9571
4.62563^
5.7b44Qb
7. 13C002
. 1£O28V
19.55416^
?3.«.JOe7d
?r.P1047l
12.65951^
T7. 910049
63.45993.)
49.178741
S4. 919159
fcrt. 53150V
9. 140442
*'>. 70^530
87.B1671 1
BO. 445831
7*. 569122
7?. 189529
67.340485
6?. 089951
5s. 540070
50.821259
4S.0808M
39.468491
34.120743
?9. 148651
?4. 630234
20.608444
17.094467
14.073410
11.512131
CONCENTRATION
NH4.I-PH3 »
337.??9492
267.^75488
212.7HS721
169.026077
134.266663
106.656158
84.7^4396
67.303299
53.4f.S164
42.473190
33.741943
26.H06458
21.297379
16.921371
13.445363
10.684299
8.491087
6.748950
5.365122
4.265909
3.392772
2.699?13
2.143299
1.7106V2
1. 36308H
1.C86974
O.B67651
0.693435
0.455050
0.445127
0.357813
0.288456
0.233J64
0.1B9602
0. 1^4B41
0.1?7?30
0.105297
0.087H75
0.074037
0.063044
0.054313
0.047377 .
0.041B68
0.037491
0.034015
0.031254
0.029061
O.C27319
0.025935
0.024835
0.023962
0.023269
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIAINH4+NM3) WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 HG/L NH3-N
-------
TtMP C PH
26.5
26.5
26.5
?6.'5
26. 5
26.5
26. 5
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.5 -
26.5
26.5
/
0.079547
0. 100l36
9?, 626144
90.890808
88.796463
86.293213
H3. 335648
79.838611
75.934464
71.4H0423
66.565002
61.261520
55.676956
49.945084
4<». 214691
3P. 634308
33.337326
28.430130
?3.9B5336
20.040678
16.603439
13.654892
11.159927
CONCENTRATION
NH4»NH3 <
325.61547-y
258.650146
205.4S7667
163.P05338
129.642868
102.983276
81.H06992
64.VH5931
51.624466
41.011063
32.5H0551
25.8M3911
?0. 564560
16.339264
12.983000
10.317009
8.199340
6.517P07
5.181049
4.119694
3.276628
2.606956
2.075016
1.652480
1.316«49
1.050246
0.818476
0.670261
0.536643
0.430506
0.346198
0.279230
0.226035
0.183781
0.150218
0.123557
0.1U2380
0.085558
0.072196
0.061582
0.053151
0.046454
0.041135
0.036909
0.033553
0.030887
0.02«769
0.027087
0.025751
0.024689
0.023846
0.023176
** CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA
-------
TEMP c
en
37.0
27.0
27.0
27. C
37.0
27.0
37.0
27. C
37.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
37.0
27. o
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
27.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
27.0
37.0
27.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
27.0
37.0
37.0
27.0
37.0
27. fi
37.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
S.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
3,3
«.3
R.4
*.5
rt.6
fl.7
S.fl
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.B
9.9
10. 0
10.1
PKA
9.1839
9. 1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9,1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1639
9. 1839
9.1^39
9.1839
9.1839
9.1H39
9.1839
9.1939
9.1a39
9.1839
9.1839
Q.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1819
9.1339
9.1«39
9.1819
9.1839
9.1839
9.183V
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1H39
0.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
9.1839
RATIO
15270. 3J
13139.73
9634.99
765J.36
6079.39
4828.96
3835.78
3046.87
3430.32
1932.45
1527.06
1312.99
963.51
765.35
bO/.*4
403.90
3tJ3.53
304.69
242.01
193.25
li>2. 71
121.30
96.35
76.54
60.79
48.29
3S. 36
30.47
34.30
19.33
15.37
12.13
V.64
7.65
6. OH
4.H3
3. 04
3.05
3.42
1.9?
1.53
1.21
0.96
0.77
0.61
0.48
0.38
0.30
0.24
0.19
0.15
0.12
* UNIONIZED
AMHOMl A
0.006548
O.OOH24-*
0.01037-J
0.013064
0.01644'
0.03070'*
0.0?606t
0.03281 1>
0.041301
0.051990
0.065443
O.U8337J
0. 10367*
n. 13048*
fl . 1 64 331
0.30665J
0.360022
3.33712/
0.41141.1
0.517470
0.650584
0.817658
1.037194
1 .2H9738
1.61H363
3.02H773
3.54Q733
3.177673
3.V67802
4.94436 J
6.1456*-'
7.616018
9.402570
11.5557*3
14.125226
1 7.155151
?0.67851J
J4, 709671
?9. 337013
34.216904
39.57067*
45.1S6737
SO. V2H1 lo
56.6451 1 1
62.1*0536
67.434448
72.37539*
76.645752
00.513031
«3. 874603
S6.751B01
«9. 181763
* ION17ED
AMMONIA
99. 9*3439
99.991745
99.98V609
9v.9a6933
99.983551
99,*7*394
99.973933
9J. 967178
99.958694
9*. 947998
94.934555
94.917618
99.896317
94.869507
99.835770
99./*3335
94.73*975
99.673867
99.5H8516
99.483539
99.34941 1
99.183343
93.973794
9^.710366
JH. 38172V
97.971222
97.459274
96.822327
9h. 032196
95.055634
9J. 854095
9?.3fl3972
90.597427
flH. 444199
P5. 8/4771
93.84484*
74.331487
75.290339
70.762985
65.783096
60.429321
54.813263
4>y,07l8»4
43.354889
37.809464
3?. 565552
27.724701
P3.35424B
19.486969
V6.1?5397
13.246199
10.B18237
CONCENTRATION
314.437744
349.771591
198.405075
157.603165
135.193024
99.444P07
78.909344
63.755723
49.152905
39.603151
31.463753
24.996017
19.P59314
15.779073
12.538010
7.918560
6.394185
5.003ft91
3.978973
3.164S49
518167
004489
596459
?7?349
014698
O.P10399
0.64795ft
0.518927
0.416434
0.335020
O.?70?51
O.?18983
0.178179
0.145768
0.130022
0.0*9572
0.0«3.128
0.070424
0.060175
0.052033
0.045566
0.040430
0.036349
0.033108
0.030533
0.038488
0.036864
0.035573
0.024549
0.033734
0.023088
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH4*Nri3) WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 HG/U NH3-N
-------
TEMP C PH
I
Ul
CO
27.5
i7.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27. S
27.5
27.i
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27. S
27.5
27.5
27.=.
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
37.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
37.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
37.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6,8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.3
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PK4
9.16B7
9.1687
9.1687
9.1687
9.1667
9.1687
V. 1687
9.16S7
9.1687
9.1687
9.1687
9.16P7
9.16H7
9.1687
9.16S7
9.1687
9. 1687
9,1687
9.1687
9.16R7
9.1687
9.16P7
9.16H7
9.1687
9.1687
9.1687
9.1687
9.16P7
9.16P7
9.16«7
9.1687
9.16H7
9.16-17
9.16S7
9.16H7
9.1687
9.1687
9.1687
9.1637
9.1687
9.1687
9.1687
9.16A7
9.1687
9.1687
9.1687
9.1687
9.1687
9.1687
9.1687
9.1687
9.1687
PATIO
14747.86
11714. 64
9305. 29
7391.46
5871.26
466i.71
3704.52
2942.61
3337.40
lt»56.67
1474.60
1171.48
930.54
739.16
5H7.13
466. J8
370.4*5
294,27
233.74
185.67
147.48
117.15
9J.06
73.93
5U.71
46.b4
37.05
2V. 43
2J.37
ltt.57
- 14.75
11.73
9.31
7.39
5. 87
4.66
3.70
2.94
2.34
1.06
1.47
1.17
0.93
0.74
0.59
0.47
0.37
0.29
0.23
0.19
0.15
0.12
* UNIONI7EO
AMMON I A
O.U06/8J
0.00853'J
0.010/45
0.01352'
0.0170?^
0.02143H
0.036VH/
0.033972
0.042764
O.OS3B31
0.0677&0
0.0«52b-»
0.10734-y
0.13510/
0.17002^
0.213960
0.269210
0.33M676
0.425^')'
0.53570'
P.6734HO
0.8463H4
1.1)63202
I. 334816
1.67464-*
2.099140
2.oi;b37^
3.286564
4.10262J
5.110600
6. 34982^
7.B64643
9.70339J
1 1.916437
I'4.S5?B6J
1 7.655670
?1. 25544?
?5.36312J
?9. 962555
15'.00488J
40.406219
i.6. 050476
=1.797b9/
«57.49»13il
»,3.00s722
68.194382
7?. 967560
77.263199
al.05.J4d2
B4. 34002 /
fl7. 146835
«9. 513153
4883
9W.B29971
99.7t*6026
99.73U789
9). 6613 16
99.573990
99.464279
99.326508
99.153610
91.936798
99.665176
9H.32534U
97.90084M
9?. 371613
96.713425
9S. 897369
94.889389
91.650162
92.1J5345
90.296600
88.083557
B1^. 447128
B?. 344330
78.744553
74.6J6H71
70.037445
64.995117
59.5937H1
51.949524
48.202103
42.501862
36.994278
31 .805618
?7. 032440
22.736801
18.946518
15.659973
12.8S316S
10.^66847
CONCENT^ATIOU
NH4»MH3 <
303.67H955
241.225143
191.616440
152.210»00
120.90977S
96.046387
76.296722
60.608963
48.147720
38.249374
30.3rt681o
24.141373
19.180435
15.?39fc22
12.109673
9.623306
7.648307
6.079S14
4.M33365
3.843518
3.057355
2.432702
1.936603
1.542534
1.2?9515
0.910875
0.7fi:3372
0.626490
0.501874
0.402P88
0.324261
0.261f05
0.212194
0.1727B6
0.141484
0.116620
0.096869
0.081181
0.068719
0.05b8?0
0.050958
0.044713
0.039751
0.035810
0.032680
0.030193
0.028218
0.026649
0.025403
0.024413
0.023627
0.023002
» CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA
-------
TEMO C
I
cn
28.0
28.0
23.0
28. 0
28.0
28.0
2b.o
28.0
26.0
2&.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
26.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
2fl.O
2o.O
28.0
28.0
26.0
28.0
28. C
28.0
28.0
28. r
28.0
23. f)
2? .0
2r,.0
2f .0
26.3
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28. a
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
26.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.P
6.9
7.<1
7.1
7.?
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
3.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1517
9.1517
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
0.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
P.1537
9.1537
9.1537
9.1537
PATIO
14244. 6H
11315.12
89H 7.94
7139.38
5671.02
4504.66
3573.16
2842.25
2257.69
179). 35
1424.bl
11J1.53
B9a.81
71 3.95
567.11
450.47
357.82
284.23
22S.77
179.34
142.45
113.15
89. 8H
71.40
56.71
43.05
3b.7fl
28.42
22.58
17.93
14.25
11.32
8.99
7.14
5.67
4.50
3.58
2.84
2.26
1.79
1.42
1.13
0.90
0.71
0.57
0.45
0.36
0.2B
0.23
0.18
0.14
0.11
* UNI CHI ZED
AMMONIA
0.00702U
0.008837
0.011125
O.C1<»00:>
0.0 1 76 JO
0.0??194
0.027939
0.035171
0.044274
0.055731
0.070150
n. 088298
0.11113-3
0.1 39870
0.176022
0.221498
0.278689
0. J5059-3
n. "440972
fl. 55-5 17
0.697094
0.87600 7
1.100329
1.381296
1.732750
?. 171657
2. 718662
3. 39866**
4.241334
5.28)51=
6.':>59J2b
H. 11979-4
10.011713
1 2.285508
14.98^691
1 8. 16581 7
?1 .H42026
?^. 025589
30.69b7bb
35.798401
41.244476
46.91 366b
52.66J6bl
5R.343P42
61.810791
«,». 94221S
73.646500
77.867020
«l.bt!0673
84.792877
37.530563
*9.8344B8
o. lONIZtU
AMMONIA
99.992981
99.991 150
99.988R61
99.985992
99.9o2361
99.977798
99.972061
99.964828
99.955719
99.944260
9'J. 929840
99.911697
Q9.8«3855
99.860123
9^.823975
99.778488
99.721298
99.649399
99.559021
99.445480
99.302902
99. 123993
98.899658
98.618698
9^.267242
97.828339
97.281326
9t. 601334
95.753652
9^.718475
9.3.440674
91.4180203
8^.9db281
87.714478
85.010300
81 .834183
7^.157974
73.974411
64.304245
64.201599
5P. 755524
5J. 086334
47.336349
41.656158
36.189209
31.057785
?6. 353500
22.132980
18.419327
15.207123
12.469437
10.165512
CONCENUATIOH
NH4»N"3 '
293.322510
232.999039
185. OH2245
147.0?0432
ll6.7ri6V57
92.771545
73.695313
58.542587
46.506332
36. )45572
29.35] 196
23.318741
18.527008
14. 7?C7p5
11.697370
9.295797
7.388163
5.872869
4.669229
3.71314Q
2.953691
2.350438
1. "71257
1 .490628
1.188284
0.9<»8124
0.757357
0.605826
0.485460
0.3P9850
0.313904
0.253578
0.205659
0.167596
0. 137361
0.1 133*5
0.094268
0.079114
0.067078
0.057517
0.049922
0.043»89
0.039Q97
0.035291
0.032267
0.029866
0.02795«
0.026443
0.025239
0.024283
0.023523
0.022920
« CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA(NH4»Nn3> HHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MG/L NH3-N
-------
TEMP C PH
a*.
o
?8.5
2*. 5
28.5
28.5
2a.s
28.5
28.5
23.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
26.5
28.5
26.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
26.5
28.5
28. 5
28.5
28.5
2».S
28. S
28.5
2*.5
28,5
28.5
28.5
29.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
£B.S
28.5
20.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28. S
2B.5
28*5
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
. 6rl
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
«..9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
. 8.0
8.1
8.?
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
9,7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10*1
PKA
9.1386
9.13P6
9.13*6
0.1186
9.13H6
0.1336
9.13*6
9.1386
9.1386
9.1 386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.13H6
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9,1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.13116
9.1386
9.1336
9.1386
9. 1386
9,1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9.1386
9,1386
0.1336
9.1386
9.1396
9.1386
9.1386
RATIO
13760.60
109J0.45
86B2.38
6896.67
547B.23
4351.52
3456.51
2745.63
3180.93
1732.38
1376.08
1093.06
860.25
689.68
547. 83
43V. 16
34b.66
274.57
218.10
17J.24
137.61
109.31
86.83
6«*.97
54.78
43.52
34.57
27.46
31.81
17.32
U. 76
10.93
«. 68
6.90
S.48
4.35
3.46
2.75
2.19
1.73
1.38
1.09
. 0.87
0.69
0.55
0.44
0.35
0.27
0.22
0.17
0.14
0.11
% UNIONIZED
AMMONIA
0.00726/
0.00914H
0.011516
0.01449*
0.01*251
O.U2P975
0.028922
0.03640*
0.045831
0.057691
0.07261?
0.091403
P. 115042
0.144786
O.lh2?06
0.229273
0.2H846*
0.362889
0.456420
0.573920
0.721450
O.V06556
1.13H012
1.429214
1.79263?
?. 24636?
2.M11650
3.514070
4.38405?
5.457245
6.77452V
8.3H1602
10. 32766 'a
12.66311*
15.435796
!«. 685664
??. 438232
:>*. 696976
11.43641?
16.5971HJ
42.0H5129
47.775*94
S3. 52500*
59.181961
A4. 605637
69.677902
74.312271
7«. 457321
82.09475?
«5.23350&
fl7. 903183
00.145950
» IONIZED
AMMONIA
94.99272?
99.990845
99.968480
99.985484
99.9B1735
99.977020
93.971069
99.963593
99.954163
94.9<»2307
99.927383
94.9o8585
09.884949
94.855209
44.817/95
99.770721
94.711517
99.637100
94.543579
9->. 426071
44.278549
99.0S3430
44.Bol374
9>).5707H6
94.207352
97.753632
97.188339
96.485916
95.615936
94.542755
- 93.225464
91.618343
8'?.6?2333
«7.336U68
H4. 564194
Ml. 314331
77.56176H
73.303024
6«. 563583
63.402817
57.914871
52.224106
4ft, 474991
40.818039
35.394363
30.322098
25.687729
21,542679
17.905243
14.766495
12.096817
9.654050
CONCENTRATION
NH4«NH3 '
283.351318
225. 074583
178.790756
142.022H63
112.H17276
89.618301
71.190613
56.553040
44.925980
35.690247
28.354065
22.526688
17.897842
14.221025
11.300397
8.9HC-476
7.137691
5.673912
4.S11190
3.587605
2.853975
2.27123?
1.30H342
1.440652
1.148586
0.916591
0.732310
0.5H5930
0.469656
0.377297
0.303932
0.2456S7
0.199367
0.162598
0.113391
0.110191
0.091763
0.077125
0.065497
0.056261
0.04B925
0.043097
0.038468
0.034791
0.031870
0.029550
0.027707
0.026244
0.025081
0.024157
0.023423
0.023841
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA«NH«»NH3) WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.03 MO/L NH3-N
-------
TEMP C
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29. o
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
?9.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29. Q
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29. J
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.?
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.R
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
d.O
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.1237
9.1237
9. 1237
9. 1237
9.1237
9. 1237
9.1237
9. 1237
9.1237
9. 1237
9. 1237
9. 1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9. 1237
9.1237
9.1237
Q.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1?37
9. 1237
9.1237
9.1217
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1217
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
9.1237
RATIO
132V4.34
10500.08
8336. 18
6602.98
5292.60
4204.07
3339.41
2652.59
2107.03
1673.68
1329. *5
1056.02
838.83
666.31
529,27
420.41
333.95
265.26
210.71
16/.37
132.95
105.60
83.88
66.63
52.93
42.04
33.40
26.53
21.07
16. /4
1J.29
10.56
8.39
6.66
5.29
4.20
J.34
2.65
2.11
1.67
1.33
1.06
0.84
0.67
0.53
0.42
0.33
0.27
0.21
0.17
0.13
0.11
* UNIONIZED
A'4fO(«l A
O.G07521
O.C09-6*
0.011 9^J
0.015006
0.018H91
0.023781
0.029930
0.03768-1
0.047^38
P. 05971 J
0.0 75 162
0.094605
H.11V072
0. 149856
0. 18x5a«*
0.23729?
1.298556
n. 37556-*
0.472353
n. 593929
0.746564
0.938051
1.178076
1. "476599
1 .854343
?. 323322
2. -'07394
i.b J2tt3^
4.53&651)
5.637654
6.9V5501
8.650138
10.651302
1 3.049294
15.891136
19.?1510 )
?3. 3-*3o5-*
'7. 374 128
T7. 400681
42.9?7b36
48.636551
=;4. 381378
60.01196J
65.3H9M9J
70 .<#0 124^3
74.96478J
79.034256
"2.595*156
R5. 662155
AP. 26499*
Q0.447968
* IONIZF.D
AMMOM A
99.V92477
99.990524
99.966068
9^.9849.15
19.V81HO
99.976212
99.970062
99.9f>2311
99.952560
90.9^0277
99.9^4635
99.905396
99.880920
99.650143
99.811417
99.762695
99.7P1431
99.624420
99.527634
9'-». 406067
99.253433
99.061935
98.821915
98.521393
9^ . 145645
97.676666
97.092606
96.367157
95.469147
9'.. 362137
91.004486
91 . 3*9854
89.348694
P6. 9S069C>
84. lu 6656
80 . 7846V 7
76.956146
72.6230 i2
67.815872
62.599319
57.072464
51 .363449
45.618622
39.988037
34.610107
?9. 598755
25.035217
?0. 965744
17.404144
14.337845
11.735001
9.552032
CONCENT-JUT |
273.750732
217.45?713
172.733307
137.211319
66. /79099
54.537<,S2
43.404388
34.48]f,n
27.393997
21.764099
17.292034
13.739854
10.918205
8.676380
6.896531
5.4*2353
4.359031
3.466741
2.757969
2.194970
1.747765
1.392534
1.110366
0.8H6231
0.708194
0.566774
0.454<«40
0.365210
0.294332
0.238031
0.193310
0.157786
0.129569
0.107155
0. 0^9.151
0.075209
0.063976
0.055052
0.047965
0.042334
0.037«62
0.034310
0.031488
0.02V2-.7
0.027466
0.026052
0.024929
0.024036
0.023327
0.022764
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMOMA(NHA»NH3) WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZEO AMMONIA CONCENTRATION Or 0.02 MG/L NH3-N
-------
o of\j^1>rnt)^r^sD4i^r^r*(>^rvjoJ>oU>^r^ro
- n ccrvi> L'-cf-T X- ^ f»- j> »- *- .}L^ficrLrroir'J^^'LfiS'O^''' r-- in o ^ 4i-**rvjof*iircco^)fvj'j)'-«t>nj
>- X irJ'o»s--*'X|'O'\JCJ'f*"CTt>x «oo-J ^r^fv sift & & t~* >£* $ rTmij^or*-mLn-*r»-<*iru'Ti^.^-«Km^-«jo^
*
{\j ry -*-««
u.
o
o
x r- ^ <\i ^ H-
1/1 ^ n n nj z
CD ry o tfi -
§ ;
f
n,,».>.nn.^.n_*Mi nin, *«_mm.nnnK._ -. Q
-O njor-^ot
UI
ii** coaDro4-cj>CT*(nnj M«
O
I
z
2
r-atvxn3'Xoc«ro o
i *- iv r* fr"^^i/u ^^^-f^^o do
5
*4
X
^**ifftirirccn^«is-if>«n>oooo t-ooifu\o-*l/>*>*ojr^n\rr«-i^O'^-* vD^i£)>3'i\.*'vj-*'t-* o»ot*)o
o i»i^eoot
>- _pf*i^K
< ^oe»'*i
a: 5jrc«««-4'''v-
M o « « ji » «*> <\J i\J « " - £
X
^^ *
a.
Q.3OO
t
OOOOOOOOOOGOOOOOGOOOOOOOOOOQQOOOOOOOOOOOOGOOOOOO U.
o
I
; i I
2
Ul
f^ *^
*
*
U
a ^^4nifiu^iru^tflu^u>ir»u^u^ji'noi/»U'iAio^irtrtui^if*irtirini/i^niotftiriuiu>j^
1" v>1s*s'k(t
A-62
-------
TEMP C PM
5=
CD
co
30.0
30.0
30. C
3u.O
30.0
30,0
30.0
3u.O
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
3u.O
3y.o
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
3U.O
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
3u.O
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
a. 5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0919
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
Q.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0919
9.C939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
a. 0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0919
9.0939
9.0939
9.0919
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0919
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
9.0939
RATIO
12412.89
9859.93
7832.03
6221.21
4941.69
3925.33
3118. UO
2476.7?
1967.33
1562.71
1341.31
986.01
7B3.21
632.13
494.18
392.54
311.80
247.68
196.74
156.27
124. 1 -J
96.60
76.32
62.21
. 49.42
39.25
31.18
24.77
19.67
15.63
12.41
9.86
7. (13
6.23
4.94
3.93
3.12
2.48
1.97
1.56
1.34
0.99
0.78
0.6?
0.49
0.39
0.31
0.2S
0.20
0.16
0.13
0.10
* UNIONIZED
AM"(JNl A
n. 008053
0.010141
0.01?766
0.016071
0.0?0?32
n. 025469
0.032062
0.0403*>')
0.050804
0.063950
0.040493
0.101314
0.127516
0. 16U4HO
0.201949
0.254105
0.3196H4
0.402130
0.505725
0.635837
0.799154
1.003996
1.260677
1.581934
1.943410
?.4H4203
3, 107433
3.84079^
4.837026
6.014127
7.455229
9.207829
1 1.32P022
13.847612
16. o2*v651
50.302551
?4.?b285
-------
M
O
^Lr. in ^» o IT
ooooooooooooo o
UJ2^<>i/iOJi>i^'O-*f^rnfNj-^^ O
U Al ^*-«-^
z <
O "fj
<
^O^
^ O
i>-<{\jo UJ
2 7 o^i>xar^r^*oj^^r^^^^^^^sCxr^^^*c^£^^a>aDoi>oor>^^na3nm^n(>ac>tojoir«r»ry-^o PW
OX (^CT*>!>^>>^Ch^(7lB*(I>^^^U^^^'^<^^^^^^^OPfcfnjirir*^-*OUlln^J>hfcOU>^LO'^^>'^ M*
t < «.,»**»*»*** 2
irmoflo o
»^» *^ >^
s I
fsJ < <
''*'1i'-i1
Z
U
n
X
^r^^r^i^
a ooocoocoooooooooeooooocooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
o
ffio^ o
*» o
k^
i^
O O O O O -^ C~ -T5 ^OOOOOOOOOOOOO ^*3OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO9OOOOOOOO
A-64
-------
TEMP C
I
on
en
31.0
31. 1)
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31. 0
31.0
31.0
31. 4
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31. C
31.0
Jl.J
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31. C
31. C
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
S.5
5.6
5.7
5.P
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.?
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.R
7.9
B.O
«.l
8.2
«.3
8.4
9.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
fl.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.06*3
9.06*3
9.06*3
9.06*3
9.06*3
9.06*3
9.06*3
9.0643
9.06*3
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.06*3
9.06*3
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.06*3
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
0.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9 . 0 64 3
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
9.0643
RATIO
11593.11
9210.33
7316.0*
5811.3*
4616.1?
3666.72
2912.5ft
2313.55
1837.72
1<»59.76
1159.53
921.05
731.61
Srtl.l*
461.62
366.68
291.26
2.U.36
1H3.77
145.99
115.95
92.11
73.16
58.11
46.16
36.67
29.13
23.14
18. 3b
14.60
11.60
9.21
7.32
5.81
4.62
3.67
2.91
2.31
1.84
1.46
1.16
0.9?
0.73
0.58
0.46
0.37
0.29
0.23
0.1H
0.15
0.12
0.09
* tlNIOMl/E.0
AMMUNlA
0.008621*
0.010051
O.CV3hf>'
n. 017205
0.021659
fl. 027265
0.034322
C'.04320->
0.05438O
0.068*5*
0.08M68
0. 108*5*
(1. 13649'
0.171779
0.216161
0.271978
0.3*2156
O.*3037i)
n. 5*1200
0.6^0376
0.855033
1.07*043
1.348392
1.691blH
2.120331
2.654758
3. 31 932-*
4. 1 -+31 6i
5.161/566
6.411096
7. 93928^
9.7936*2
12.02*528
1*.680H82
17.605283
-}\ ,i>'£ ?628
?5. 557770
10. 17H238
35. 238602
*o. 653*42
46.305*03
52.053955
=57.748596
63.2444*6
6*. 416458
7 i. 169388
77.4428flt>
"I .2105*1
B4. 47503'
«7. 26133'
39.609085
Q1.5658H'
* IO')I7ED
AMMONIA
94.99136*
9'J.9«V1 36
94.9H632M
9V.9327HH
99.978333
99.972733
99.V6566H
99.9b678P
9^.9*560?
99.93153*
99.913818
9v. 891541
99.863495
99.828217
99. 783H29
99.728012
9Q.657B37
9«. 569626
99.458 786
99.319M1
99. 144958
9.1.925949
93.651596
93.308380
97.879669
97.345230
9o. 660664
9S. 856827
94.839432
93.588W98
92.060699
90.206345
87.975464
85.319107
-------
z
I
r
o
IV
o
o
&
z
o
* t-
O f*l f\J 00 "O I/* " ^ i_l^toCD'^-O>^''*l'C-J'^'J'*>B^'^JOOflOCO*"**"*^O^~-''i't' *"* ^r^^"*O-^>O«JI"* f\) tfl l/l^ffi'OJ'>JO*^M K
^^ _ ^^ -».^ M\>«\ fc_rt.r\i.nn.f*s «»^.fik. *mr-*.*m»^.rur^-»r»^ ir» f*l»^f*l(TfvJf\J*Lrin^ " >C \D (T «^ *^ t^tCf'^'^fVJ-^CC'tf f«"
Z
,^ . _ . . u
21 ^.'ij.j.--r..»»£>^onx4'n-ji\j-<'^'^oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo O
s i
z
^i ^ycrcLX^*.-*
OX o<3*J'J'3' rvj rvi « , J
; 4
M«
c
z
z
<
a ooocooooocooooocoooooocoooooooooooooeooooooooooboooo O
&&0O'-« o
> u
ipt/iiAkrtLTtU-iPtniPinifiu-tr
-innro.mnrio'.nr.n
A-66
-------
TEMP C PH
PKA
RATIO
», UNIONIZED
AMMONIA
IOMZEO
CONCENT34T lO'l
NH4».'JH1
3>
I
32.0
32.0
32.0
32. a
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32. ii
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
J2.U
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
3t.O
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.fl
9.9
10.0
10.1
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.n}49
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.C349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0344
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.1) 349
9,y349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.n349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
9.0349
10836.05
8607.39
6d37.11
5430.91
431 J. 93
3426.68
2721.92
2162.10
1717.42
1364.20
1083.62
860.75
6UJ.72
543.10
431.40
342.67
272.20
216.21
171.74
136.42
108.36
86.08
68.37
54.31
43.14
34. £7
27.22
21.62
17.17
13.64
10.84
8.61
6.84
b.43
4.31
3.43
2.72
2.16
1.72
1.36
1.08
0.86
O.bfl
0.54
0.43
0.34
0.27
0.22
0.17
0.14
0.11
0.09
0.00422*
0.01 161'
0.014624
0.01«410
0.023175
0.02917-*
0.0367^3
0.0462JO
n.05H19J
0.0/3250
n.042l4tt
0.11604J
0. I4b04b
0.18379U
0.231268
0.24047'*
0. J66038
0 .460378
0.578891
0.72768 )
0.914383
1.14B418
1.441484
1.8079/1
2.265492
2.83544V
3. 54354'
4.420560
5.502172
6.829521
p. 448449
10.408270
12. 759358
15.549354
18.bl7bU
32.589554
76.867063
Tl. 623672
If.. 798676
42.246677
47.99235t>
S3. 74070'
59.39132'
'.4.80375/
69.86085^
74.47753*
78.603592
«?. 2219Q9
S5.J42361
n/. 99508'
90.22274d
92.074280
99. 9/0/61
99.988373
99.9H5167
99.981513
99.976822
99.470825
49.963272
99.953766
99.441H03
9''.92t)74 j
9. 192017
97.734497
97.1b4551
9^.456340
95.579437
94.49781H
93.170471
91.551544
89.591721
87.240631
P4. 450638
81.182190
77.410446
73.1324 )5
68.376328
63.201324
57.703323
52.007645
46.259293
40.608673
35.196243
30.139145
25.522461
21.390408
17.778091
14.657639
12.004913
9.777252
7.925720
223.134995
177.246857
140.
8H.H44482
70.5759b9
44.538162
28.109360
22.3T2321
17.741454
14.048370
11.202991
8.903098
7.076227
5.625092
4.472409
2.251792
1.792900
1.42H38H
0.726163
0.581048
0.465773
0.374216
0. 301485
0.243713
0.197823
O.U1372
0.132417
0.109418
0.091148
0.076637
0.065109
0.055953
0.04^680
0.042903
0.038314
0.034668
0.031773
0.029473
0.027646
0.026195
0.025042
0.024126
0.023399
0.022821
0.022362
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA
-------
TEMP C PH
I
CT>
00
32.5
32.5
32. S
32. S
3^.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
33.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
3£.S
3^.5
32.5
32.5
33.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
3^.5
32.5
3.2.5
32.5
33.5
33.5
32.5
32.5
32.3
32.5
32.5
32.5
33.5
33.5
3i.5
33.5
32.^
32.5
33.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
33.5
32.5
33.5
32. 5
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.?
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.3
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
«.2
rt.3
P. 4
8.5
8.6
fl.7
8.8
fl.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.0202
9.0203
9.0203
9.0202
9.0202
9.0303
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0203
9.0203
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.02C2
9.0P02
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0303
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.U202
9.0203
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0202
9.0203
9.0202
RATIO
10477.11
8322.29
6610.63
5251.02
4171.04
3JU.1B
2631.75
30V0.48
1660.53
1319.01
1047.73
832.24
661.07
535.11
417.11
331.32
263.18
209.05
- 166.06
131.90
104.77
83.23
66.11
52.51
41.71
33.13
26.32
20.91
16.61
1J.19
10.48
tJ.32
6.61
5.25
4.17
3.31
2.63
3.09
1.66
1.32
1.05
0.83
0.66
0.53
0.43
0.33
0.26
0.31
0.17
0.13
0.10
0.08
* uuioNi/eo
AMMON 1 A
0.00954-*
0.012014
0.0 1^125
0.019040
0.033V6*
0.030173
0.03798J
0.047813
0.060180
0.07575?
0.095354
0.120013
n. ibiQ4i
P. 19007'3
n. 239172
0.300913
0. 371531
0.47*07'^
0.598605
P. 752431
0.945412
1.1H7294
1.490131
1.86875J
3.34129J
2.939744
3.660556
4.565091
5.67V964
7.047002
P. 713663
10.726603
n,1390S3
15.996848
19.337830
'3.184036
77.53407J
->?. 356522
17.5')5526
43.13089b
48.833618
54.576996
60.201120
65.568161
70.565308
75.1 1350 J
79.1646dd
P2.70895*
«5. 75877*
«R. 346430
00.515884
93.316650
* IONIZFO
AMMONIA
99.990448
99.987976
99.9*14863
9^.9809S7
99.976028
99.969818
99.963006
99.953179
99.939804
99.924340
99.904633
99.879974
99.848953
99.^09921
99.760818
99.6V90H1
99.621460
99.533911
99.4C1382
99.247559
99.054591
9H. 812698
98.509857
9H. 131241
97.658707
97.070251
96.339432
95.4.34906
94.320023
9?.9529BK
91.287323
89.273392
86.860947
84.003143
80.662170
76.815964
7<>. 465927
67.643478
f.?. 414474
56.879105
51.166382
45.423004
39.798874
34.431939
29.434692
24.887497
20.835312
17.391046
14.341326
11.653564
9.484116
7.683350
CONCENTRATION
NH4.NM3
315.744293
171.376221
136.133469
108.139038
85.902283
68.238937
54.208374
43.063538
34.210861
37.178940
21.593P62
17.156403
13.633065
10.833583
8.60HR77
6.842505
5.439445
4.3P4944
3.439665
2.736463
2.177887
1.734195
1.381757
1.101*04
0.879430
0.702792
0.563433
0.451031
0.362503
0.292181
0.?36333
0.191953
0.156708
0.128713
0.106475
0.088811
0.074780
0.063635
0.054782
0.047749
0.042164
0.037727
O.d34202
0.031403
0.029179
0.027412
0.026009
0.02<»fl95
0.024009
0.023306
0.033747
0.022304
* CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA MHICM CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MG/L NH3-N
-------
TEMP C
I
CTi
10
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0 .
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33. 0
33.0
33.0
33. 0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5,7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.«
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
3.4
8.5
ft. 6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
- 9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.00S7
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.00^7
9.0057
9.0057
P. 0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9. 00^7
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
9.0057
RATIO
10131.16
8047.47
6392.34
5077.63
4033.31
3203.78
2544.85
2021.45
1605.70
1275.45
1013.13
804.76
63*. 24
507.77
403.34
320.38
254.49
202.15
160.57
127.55
101.31
80.48
63.93
50.78
40.33
32.04
25.45
20.22
16.06
12. 75
10.13
8.05
6.39
5.08
4.03
3.20
2,54
2.02
1.61
1.28
1.01
0.80
0.64
0.51
0.40
0.32
0.25
0.20
U.lh
0.13
0.10
0.08
* UNIONIZED
AMMONIA
0. 009870
0.012425
0.015641
0.019690
0.024787
0.031203
0.039280
fl. 049443
0.06223*
0.078342
0.098607
0.124107
0.156191
ft. 1 9655 J
0.24731*
0.311 156
0.391407
0.492252
0.61891*
0. 77792-)
P. 977380
1.227341
1 .540233
1.931334
2.419300
3.026760
1.78002*
4.713633
5.862552
7.270148
P.9B34S6
11. 05240 2
13.527022
16.453232
19.b66V49
?3. 78739*
'8.20907?)
13.095749
18.376450
43.9*627-*
49.672e67
55.408051
f.1 .002792
66.322205
71.25791*
75.734940
79.713120
S3. 163868
A6. Ib3ovb
««. 687698
OO.B00262
92.551483
* IONIZED
AMMOIJIA
99.990128
99.987564
93.984344
99.980301
99.975204
99.968796
9V. 960709
99.950546
99.937759
99.921646
99.901332
99.875885
99.843796
99.803436
99.752670
99.689843
99.608582
99.507736
99.381073
99.222061
99.022614
98.772659
98.459763
98.068665
97.5n0688
96.973236
96.219162
95.2P6362
94.137436
9?. 729843
91.016541
S8.9475d6
8^.472977
83.546768
80.133U11
76.212601
71.79092"
-------
TEMP C PH
3=»
O '
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33,5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.5
5.0
S.I
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
- 8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
e.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
8.9911
fl.9911
8.9911
8.99U
8.9911
R.9911
0.9911
8.9911
P.9911
8.9911
fl.99ll
8.9911
8.9911
8.9911
8.9911
fl.9911
8.9911
P.9911
8.9911
8.9911
fl.9911
8.9911
8.9911
fl.9911
fl.9911
8.9911
8.9911
8.9911
fl.9911
8.9911
8.9911
8.9911
8.9911
8.9911
8.9911
8.9911
8.9911
8.9911
8.9911
8.9911
fl.9911
8.9911
fl.9911
8.9911
8.9911
8.9911
fl.9911
8.9911
fl.9911
8.9911
8.9911
RATIO
9797.72
7782.62
6181.96
4910.52
3900.56
3098.33
2461.10
1954.92
1552. 85
1233.48
979.79
776.27
614.20
491.06
390.06
30*. 84
246.11
195. -.9
155.29
123.35
97.98
77.83
61.32
49.11
39.01
30.98
24.61
19.55
15.53
12.34
9.80
7.78
6. 18
4.91
J.90
3. 10
2.46
1.96
1.55
1.23
0.98
0.7H
- O.t.2
0.49
0.39
0.31
0.25
0.20
0.16
0.12
0.10
0.08
». UNIONISED
AMMON I A
0.010205
0.012847
0.01M73
0.020360
0.0256J1
0.0322t>5
0.040616
0.051127
0.064356
0.081006
0.10195-*
0.12832b
0.161497
0.203226
0.255714
0.321712
0.40467J
t). 506919
0.619647
0.804187
1.010305
1 .268581)
1.591817
1.995750
2.4995H1
3.126546
3.90447L3
4.866241
6.049997
7.499009
9.26087J
1 1.385717
13.9232H5
16.916427
"). 405136
74.3V9399
'8.891724
13.H40912
19.170696
44.772247
5". 509476
^6.233337
61.795914
67.065596
71.93841&
76.344620
»0.24ftB71
»1. 646835
«6. 558090
«9. 019135
01.076050
02.776900
* IONIZED
AMMONIA
99.989792
99.987152
99.983826
99.9796.10
90.9743*35
99.967728
99,959381
99.946868
99.935638
99.918991
99.898041
90.871674
99.838501
99.790768
99.744278
99.6782«4
99.595322
99.491074
99.360153
99.195801
98.989665
9*.731415
98.408173
96.004242
97.500412
96.873444
96.095520
9S. 133759
93.949997
92.500977
90.739120
80.614273
86.076706
83.061573
79.594664
75.600601
71.108276
66.159088
60.829102
55.227753
49.490524
41.766663
36.204066
32.934402
26.061564
23.655360
19.751129
16.353165
11.441910
10.980865
8.923950
7.221100
CONCENTRATION
201.755707
160.264679
127.307129
101.12P098
80.333176
63.815231
50.694550
40.272400
31.993790
25.417847
20.194366
16.045212
12.749427
10.131466
8.P51955
6.400138
4.045M27
3.217954
2.560350
2.037997
1.683074
1,293490
1.011692
0.823738
0.658554
0.5^7344
0.4P3119
0.340331
0.274570
0.222333
0.180841
0.147882
0.121702
0.100906
0.084387
0.071266
0.060644
0.052565
0.045988
0.040765
0.036615
0.033319
0.030701
0.028622
0.026970
0.025658
0.024615
0.023787
0.023130
0.022607
0.022193
« CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMON1A(NH<»*NH3) WHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZED AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.02 MG/L NH3-N
-------
TEMP C
PH
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.1)
34.0
3*.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
3-4.0
34.0
34.0
J4.0
34.0
3-..0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
3«.,0
34.0
34.0
34.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.n
fl.i
8.2
8.3
8.4
fl.5
8.6
e.7
fl.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PK»
8.9766
8.9766
R.9766
s.9766
S.9766
«.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9756
P.9766
8.Q766
8.9766
8.9766
P.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
P.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9?66
P.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9?66
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
P.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
8.9766
P.9766
8.9766
8.9766
B.9766
RATIO
9476.27
752?. 29
5979.14
4 74V. 41
3772.60
2996.6-1
23
-------
t/l J>3>a>OD3»00'JOODJ03)ac>03ao3a»3DOOaD3;5)J03J3a3ST003JOODa3CI3 35 T) OD 'JS CD Ti 00 D 3D
i^
rorurypyw
^^45^'O
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
O
X
-------
TEMP C
PH
3=-
OJ
35.0
35. C
35.0
35.0
35. a
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
J5.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35. C
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35. 0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
h.l
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.P
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.H
7.9
8.0
8.1
ft. 2
ft. 3
8.4
8.5
8.6
H.7
fl.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.?
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
PKA
fl.9478
R.9478
8.9478
R.9478
fi.9478
9.9478
8.9478
fl.9478
H.9478
ft.9478
H.9478
fl.0478
8.9478
8.9478
8.9478
fi.9478
fl.9478
R.9478
8.9478
ft.9478
H.9478
ft.9473
fl.9478
fl.9478
H.9478
P.9478
fl.9473
R.9478
R.9478
fl.9478
8.9478
fl.9478
fi.9478
ft.9478
H.9478
fl.9478
fl.9478
fl.9478
8.9478
B.94?8
8.9478
fl.9478
8.9478
fi.9478
8.9478
fl.9478
P.9478
8.9478
fl.9478
8.9478
8.9478
8.9478
PATIO
8867.57
7043.77
5595.07
4444.33
3530.26
2804. 19
2227.45
1/69.33
1405.43
1116.37
866.77
704.39
559.51
444.44
353.03
280.42
222.75
176.94
140.54
111.64
88.68
70.44
55.95
44.44
35.30
28.04
17.69
14.05
11.16
. b.87
7.04
5.60
4.44
3.53
2.23
1.77
1.41
1.12
0.89
0.70
0.56
0.44
0.35
0.28
0.22
0.18
0.14
0.11
0.09
0.07
», UNIOM7EO
AMMONIA
0.011276
0.0 1419^
n.Ol 7870
0.022496
0.02H318
0.035648
O.OH487-*
0.056487
0.071102
0.069495
0.112642
0.141766
0.17840?
0.224497
0.282461
0.35S337
0.446931
0.562002
0. 706490
0.887792
1.115099
1.399783
1.755857
2.200486
2.754550
3.443210
4.296433
5.34937b
6.642450
H. 220946
in. 133842
12.431543
15.162315
1*. 367111
7P. 073074
26. 2^01 1
TO. 983322
}6. 10HB71
41.57159-*
47.24S.603
5.?. 999649
SR. 671143
64.121552
69.230164
73.90733J
7H. 098480
al, 78236-*
04.965958
R7.6769H1
«9. 956940
91.85424d
93.419327
* IONIZED
A"MQN'l A
99.98d724
99.985794
99.9821 17
91.977493
99.971680
90.964340
99.955124
99.943512
99.928894
99.910492
99.8B7344
99.858231
99.821579
99.775497
99.717529
99.644653
99.553055
94.4379(58
99.293503
99.11219ft
9S. 884888
9fl. 600204
98.244141
97.799500
97.245438
96.5S677ff
95.703552
94.650620
93.357544
91 .779053
8'-*. 866150
87.568451
84.837677
«1.6J2889
77.926926
7 (.7139H9
69.016678
61.891129
5"*. 428406
5?. 750397
47.000351
41.328857
35.878448
30.769836
26.092667
21.901520
IH. 217636
IS. 034042
12.323059
10.043060
K.1457S2
6.580673
CONCENTRATION
NH4«NH3 '
192.603729
145.J5175R
115.223022
91 ,5?9T88
72.708679
57.75H»20
45.8H3774
36.451065
28. 9*58374
23.006729
IP. 279144
14.5P3905
11.540997
9.171S93
7.?fi9493
5.794492
4.606972
3.663088
?. 914409
2.319236
1.846472
1.470942
1.1726-.6
0.935702
0. 747490
0.59798R
0.479234
0.3°4905
0.309976
0.250458
0.2031B1
0. 165627
0.135797
0.-112103
0.093281
0.078331
0.066455
0.057022
0.049529
0.043577
0.03t!H49
0.035094
0.0321 11
O.OP9741
0.027859
0.026364
0.025177
0.024233
0.023484
0.022889
0.022416
0.022040
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONI/UNH«»NH3I XHICH CONTAIN AN UN-IONIZEO AMMONIA CONCENTRATION OF 0.03 MG/L NH3-N
-------
APPENDIX B
REFERENCES
B-l
-------
Literature i i toil
Ball,,I. R. 1967. The relative susceptibility of somu s|>tul»s of frosh
water fish to poisons. Ammonia I. Water Res. l:767-77b.
Bates, R.G. and G.D. Pinching, 1949. Acid dissociation constant of am-
monium ion at 0 to 50 C, and the base strength of ammonia. J.
Res. Natl. Bur. Standards 42:419-430.
Bates, R.G. and G.D. Pinching, 1950. Dissociation constant of aqueous
ammonia at 0 to 50 C from e.m.f. studies of the ammonium salt of
a weak acid. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 72:1393-1396.
Bodien, D. G. 1970. An evaluation of salmonid hatchery wastes. Federal
Water Quality Administration, LI. S. Dept. of the Interior, Portland,
Oregon, 51 p.
Brown, V.M. 1968. The calculation of the acute toxicity of mixtures of
poisons to rainbow trout. Water Res., 2:723-733.
Brown, V. M., D.M.H. Jordan, and B. A. Tiller. 1969. The acute toxi-
city to rainbow trout to fluctuating concentrations and mixtures of
ammonia, phenol and zinc. J. Fish. Biol. 1:1-9.
Burrows, R. E. 1964. Effects of accumulated excretory products on
hatchery-reared salmonids. Res. Rep., U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service. Bulletin 66:1-12.
Downing, K.M., and J. t'. Merkens. 1955. The influence of dissolved
oxygen concentrations on the toxicity of un-ionized ammonia to
rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii Richardson). Ann. Appl. Biol.,
43:243-246.
European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission. 1970. Water quality
criteria for European freshwater fish: Report on ammonia and
inland fisheries. EIFAC Technical Paper NO. ll:12p.
European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission. 1973. Water quality
criteria for European fish. Report on ammonia and inland
fisheries. Water Res. 7:1011-1022.
Flis, J. 1968a. Anatomicohistopathological changes induced in carp
CCyprinus carpio) by ammonia water. Part I. Effects of toxic con-
centrations. Acta Hydrobiol., 10:205-224.
1968b. Anatomicohistopathological changes induced in carp
(Cyprinus carpio) by ammonia water. Part II. Effects of subtoxic
concentrations. Acta Hydrobiol., 10:225-238.
Forster, R.P., and L. Goldstein. 1969. Formation of excretory products,
p. 313 to 350. In W. S. Hoar and D. J. Randall (Ed.) Fish
physiology, Vol. I. Academic Press, New York.
B-2
-------
Fromm, P.O. 1970. Effect of anmonia on trout and goldfish, p. 9-22
In Paul 0. Fromm Toxic action of water soluble pollutants on
fresh-water fish. Water Quality Office, Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington. Report No. 18050 DST 12/70.
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA .
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO.
PA-908/3-76-001
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
REPORT DATE
February. 1976
Ammonia Toxicity
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHOR(S)
William T. Willingham
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
. PERFORMING ORG \NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Control Technology Branch
Water Division
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII
Denver, Colorado 80203
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
6. ABSTRACT
Several authors have reported that the harmful effects of ammonia are primarily
related to the pH and temperature of the water because only the un-ionized ammonia is
toxic. The un-ionized fraction increases with rising pH values and with rising tem-
perature.
Other factors such as dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, free carbon dioxide, sodium
ions, total dissolved solids, prior exposure to ammonia, physical stress, general
physiological status, and the presence of other additive toxins or other mitigating
parameters will have a great affect on the overall toxiclty of ammonia to aquatic
organisms.
The actual reported toxic concentrations of ammonia vary from 0.16 mg/1 to
16.5 mg/1 NH3-N. This apparent variability often resulted from the investigator's
failure to report pH and temperature values as well as other factors which may have
biased their results. It appears that the highest concentration of un-ionized ammonia
which apparently will not cause any adverse effects is 0.02 mg/1
17.
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DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
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Release to the Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
103
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
20
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