EPA 910/9-82-089d
vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle WA 98101
            Air & Waste Management Division February 1984
                 Wood
Combustion Study

Task 2B
Household Information Survey

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RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION STUDY






             TASK 2B





  HOUSEHOLD  INFORMATION SURVEY

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   RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION  STUDY

                TASK 2B
    HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION  SURVEY
            FINAL REPORT
            PREPARED BY:

     DEL GREEN ASSOCIATES, INC.
  Environmental  Technology Division
       1535 N.  Pacific  Highway
       Woodburn,  Oregon  97071
            PREPARED  FOR:

U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
              Region X
          1200  Sixth  Avenue
     Seattle, Washington  98101
            TASK MANAGER
           Wayne Grotheer
              June, 1982

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THIS REPORT CONSISTS OF SEVERAL DIFFERENT PARTS.

THEY ARE LISTED BELOW FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE.


EPA 910/9-82-089a  Residential Wood Combustion Study
                   Task 1 - Ambient Air Quality Impact
                            Analysis

EPA 910/9-82-089b  Task 1 - Appendices

EPA 910/9-82-089c  Task 2A - Current & Projected Air Quality
                             Impacts

EPA 910/9-82-089d  Task 2B - Household Information Survey

EPA 910/9-82-089e  Task 3 - Wood Fuel Use Projection

EPA 910/9-82-089f  Task 4 - Technical Analysis of Wood Stoves

EPA 910/9-82-089g  Task 5 - Emissions Testing of Wood Stoves
                            Volumes 1 & 2

EPA 910/9-82-089h  Task 5 - Emissions Testing of Wood Stoves
                            Volumes 3 & 4   (Appendices)

EPA 910/9-82-089i  Task 6 - Control Strategy Analysis

EPA 910/9-82-089J  Task 7 - Indoor Air Quality

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                      DISCLAIMER




This report has been reviewed by Region 10,  U.  S.  Environmental




Protection Agency, and approved for publication.   Approval




does not signify that the contents necessarily  reflect the




views and policies of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,




nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute




endorsement or recommendation for use.

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                          ACKNOWLEDGEMENT








     The assistance of the Washington Energy Extension  (Washington



State University) and the Wood Energy Association (Portland)  is



gratefully acknowledged by the authors.   Their sponsoring  of  the



household survey was a ncessary part to  successfully completing




this project.

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                       TABLE OF CONTENTS



                                                  page








  I.  Introduction                                   1



 II.  Survey Methodology                             2



      A.  Sample Selection                           2



      B.  Response to Survey                         3



      C.  Quality Assurance                          3



      D.  Statistical Analysis                       5



III.  Survey Results                                 7



      A.  Summary by Survey Areas                    8



      B.  Analysis of Data                         12



 IV.  Comparison With Other Recent Surveys         16
      Appendix A - Questionnaire

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                             LIST OF FIGURES
 Figure  1   Portland Survey Area - Area A

 Figure  2   Seattle Survey Area - Area B

 Figure  3   Spokane Survey Area - Area C

 Figure  4   Woodburning  Device Usage  for All
           Households Surveyed

 Figure  5   Wood  Burned  by Type of Woodburning  Device

 Figure  6   Main  Source  of Home Heating

 Figure  7   Wood  Storage  Practices  -  Area A

 Figure  8   Wood  Storage  Practices  -  Area B

 Figure  9   Wood  Storage  Practices  -  Area C
page

 10

 11

 13

 17


 18

 19

 20

 21

 22
                             LIST OF TABLES


Table 1   Summary of  Survey Results                          23

Table 2   Survey Results  - Section  I:  Woodburning  Stoves    25

Table 3   Survey Results  - Wo'od  Stoves by  Brand              27

Table 4   Survey Results  - Section  II:  Fireplace            31
          and Fireplace Inserts

Table 5   Survey Results  - Section  III:  Woodburning         34
          Furnaces

Table 6   Survey Results  - Section IV:  Storage and          35
          Use of Firewood

Table 7   Survey Results  - Reasons for Anticipated           38
          Decrease in Wood Use in 1981-82

Table 8   Survey Results  - Reasons for Anticipated           39
          Increase in Wood Use in 1981-82

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                         LIST OF TABLES (Cont.
                                                            page
Table 9   Survey Results  - Section Va:  Plans for             40
          Additional Woodburning Units

Table 10  Survey Results  - Section Vb:  General               42
          Household Information

Table 11  Summary of Demographic Information                  47

Table 12  Summary of Wood Use by Type of                      48
          Woodburning Device

Table 13  Annual Wood Use (1980-81) - Significant             50
          Relation to Demographic & Wood Use Variables

Table 14  Cross Tabulation of Important Parameter             52
          Tables with Chi-square Tests Significant at
          Level 0.05 or less

Table 15  Statistical  Data on Key Parameters                  54

Table 16  Comparison of Portland Survey With                  57
          Other Recent Surveys

Table 17  Comparison of Seattle Survey With                   59
          Other Recent Surveys

Table 18  Comparison of Spokane Survey With                   60
          Other Recent Surveys
                                  v i

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 I.   INTRODUCTION
      Surveys  on residential  wood  combustion  practices  were  conducted  in  the
 metropolitan  areas  of Portland, Oregon,  and  Seattle  &  Spokane,  Washington  in
 the  Spring of 1981.   These surveys  were  part  of  a  larger  project  investigating
 various  aspects of  the  air pollution  impact associated with  increasing
 residential wood  burning  in  the Pacific  Northwest.   The two major goals
 were  to  gather  specific data on woodburning activities during February
 1981, as well as  to  gather general  data  on woodburning practices.
 The  interest  in woodburning  activity  during February was because tem-
 porary air monitoring stations were operated  in the  survey areas during
 that  period.  Each survey  area was  selected to include a one-mile
 square area around the air monitoring stations, so that the survey
 information could be correlated to  the ambient data.   The results of
 this  ambient monitoring study is reported under Task  1  of this project.
 The general background information  gathered from this survey will  be
 used  as supporting information for  predicting wood use  trends and for
 developing  possible control strategies to reduce air  pollutants  from
 the use of woodburning devices (Task 2A and 6 of the  project).  Basic
 demographic information, such as household income and house  size,  also
was gathered to determine if there is  any significant correlation  between
 these parameters and woodburning practices.   Based on this  information
and the 1980 census  data,  the survey results  for  these  small  geographic
areas then might be  used to help predict  city-wide residential woodburning
activities.
     The survey results  are summarized in this report,  with  the  data
presented in chart form.   The survey methodology,  the statistical

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analyses performed, and the problems encountered will  be discussed.







II. SURVEY METHODOLOGY



     The survey was designed and administered by two sponsoring agencies,



the Wood Energy Association (a Portland trade association), and the



Washington Energy Extension (University of Washington).   Both groups are



interested in wood use practices in their areas and agreed to participate



in this survey.  The sponsoring agencies mailed the surveys in May, 1981



and a week after the mailing,  a reminder postcard was  sent to all



households that had received the survey.  After the complete surveys had



been received by the sponsoring agencies, they were sent to Del  Green



Associates, Inc. for processing and analysis.



     The questionnaire was pretested to ensure  that there were no



significant problems with it.   Fifteen questionnaires  were hand dis-



tributed in an area near the Spokane survey area in April, 1981.  No



major misunderstandings or other problems with the questionnaire were



uncovered.



Sample Selection



     Reverse telephone directories  for Portland, Seattle,  and Spokane



were used to obtain lists of households within the study area.   The



target area for the surveys was a one-mile square area surrounding



the monitoring stations.  Maps of the cities were used to  determine



which streets and address ranges fell  within a one-mile  square area.



Only residences were included  in the lists;  all  business addresses



were excluded.  A few residences located in  apartment complexes  or

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 trailer parks also were eli-minated when a preliminary inspection of



 the study area showed no evidence of chimneys.



      After the final  lists had been prepared,  a  random selection of



 800 households was obtained for each of the three cities;  the  surveys



 were mailed to these  households.



 Response to Survey



      The proportion of the sample returning surveys  varied  for  the



 three cities.  The rate was highest in  Spokane where  58  pecent  of



 the sample responded  to the survey.   The  lowest  response rate was



 obtained for  Portland at 36 percent,  while  in Seattle, 48 percent



 returned the  surveys.



      Among the individuals  who  failed to  respond  to the  survey,  were



 some  who sent back blank surveys,  some  who  wrote  reasons for refusal



 to  answer  the survey,  and  some  who were no  longer at the address.



 Blank  surveys were received  from  three  percent of the Portland  sample,



 four  percent  of the Seattle  sample, and one percent of Spokane.



 Surveys  returned with  the notation that the addressee had moved  ranged



 from one percent to three percent.  Outright refusals were received



 from nine  individuals  in Portland, one in Seattle, and four in  Spokane.



 Among  the  reasons  for refusal that were given were "none of your



 business",  "against use of wood",  "don't use wood",  and "not appli-



cable".  None of these surveys were considered  respondents.



Qua!ity Assurance



     Prior to  coding,  each questionnaire was edited  for consistency



and obvious errors or  misunderstandings  by the  respondents.   Errors  were

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 corrected where possible.   In those cases where there was an obvious
 discrepancy but the correct answer could not be determined, the data was
 left as received from the respondents.  Some minor additional  editing
 occurred when the data was  recorded for various statistical analyses.
     In processing the surveys, codes were assigned to all responses
 to the questions; the codes were then recorded on specially prepared
 computer coding forms, one coding form for each survey.   The accuracy
 of the coding then was checked by coders who had not participated in
 the original coding.   Every tenth survey was re-coded to verify the
 accuracy of coding and transcription.
     The number of surveys cheeked in  this manner was 126 (out of
 a total of 1111 surveys), and these surveys  had a total  of 11,340
 responses (90 responses on each survey).   The total  number of  errors
 found was 19 or .2 percent.   The 95 percent  confidence interval  for
 number of errors in another 126 surveys has  a lower limit of 10.4
 errors and an upper limit of 27.5 (The confidence interval  was obtained
 from tables for the Poisson  distribution).   This means that if another
 126 surveys were randomly chosen, there is a 95% chance  that there will
 be between 10 and 28  errors  on the 11,340  responses  (90  responses/
 survey).
     The  next step in  processing the data  was keypunching onto com-
 puter cards.  This process was done  two times,  each  time  by a  different
 keypuncher, in order  to  eliminate any  errors.   The  two cards were  compared,
and any differences  (indicating  a keypunch error) were investigated  and
corrected.

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     A  final  quality  assurance  check was made on  the  data  by a  run



on a computer using the  Statistical Package  for the Social Sciences



(SPSS).   Inspection of these  statistics provided  another check  on the



data by insuring  that all  responses fell into the proper response range



and categories.   One  error was  discovered during  this process.  This



error, and all others that had  been found, were corrected.



Statistical Analysis



     All  computer computations  were done with the SPSS.  Some data



modifications  were performed  on the data before summary statistics



were obtained.  The data modifications included re-coding of data and



construction  of new variables used to obtain totals from variables



taken directly from the  survey.



     Before statistics were computed for number of cords burned in



February, some modifications were made in the data.  A number of respon-



dents seemed  to have misread the questions concerning wood use in



February.  Instead of giving the percentage burned in February of the



annual  amount of wood burned  (i.e., of all  the wood burned in a year



in stove #1, 23% was burned in  February),  some respondents gave percent



of wood burned in each stove (i.e., of all  the wood burned in February,



50% was burned in stove #1).   Thus, frequently the sum  of percentages



for the three stoves (or three fireplaces)  added  to  100 percent, imply-



ing wood was only used in February.  To correct  for  this in the data,



responses were treated as missing  whenever  the percentages  for  multiple



stoves  added to 100 percent.



     Summary statistics  for the responses  to  the  survey were  obtained



separately for each  of the  three survey areas.  Some  statistics  were





                                      5

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obtained for the total samples in each survey area,  while some were



performed on subgroups -- subgroups used included woodburning house-



holds and users of fireplaces, wood stoves, and  furnaces.  For all



questions requiring quantitative responses, means,  standard  deviations,



and standard errors were obtained.   For items with  qualitative



responses,  frequencies and proportions of responses  were  calculated.



A copy of the questionnaire is included in Appendix  A.

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III.  SURVEY RESULTS

      These charts and figures present data for the entire group sur-

veyed in each area and for certain sub-groups, such as those households

using wood burning stoves within the previous 12 months.  Because of

the many different potential uses for these data, some parameters

(e.g., average annual wood use per household) are presented for several

different groups (all households, households using any woodburning

device within the last 12 months, households using wood stoves in

February, etc.).  Care should be taken by the reader that the correct

group or sub-group is assigned to each data point.

      It also should be noted that many of the questions were to be

answered only by some of the people questioned, and that in other cases

not everyone answered questions that they were supposed to answer.

This resulted in many different numbers of respondents ("N" values)

being used to calculate average values.  Percentages in the tables

are based on calculations which excluded respondents who omitted ques-

tions they should have answered.   For example, in Area A, 86 respon-

dents indicated they had a wood stove, 185 indicated they had no wood

stove, and 17 did not answer the question.  Table 1, therefore,  records

that 31.7% have wood stoves, which is calculated by excluding the 17

non-answers as follows:     86   X 100% =   86  X 100% = 31.7%.
                         185+86           271

The attached charts  give the numerator (86 in the example),  so  that

the adjusted total  number of respondents (the denominator or "N"  value)

can be calculated,  if desired.

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     Some  statistical  data  for  the more  important parameters are

 included in  Table  15.  An approximate 95% confidence interval for the

 mean can be  obtained  by multiplying the  standard error by 2 and adding

 and subtracting this  value  from the mean* (e.g., for cords of wood

 burned  in  Area A,  the  first line in the  table, a confidence interval,

 1.0 r 0.2  would be obtained).  These confidence intervals can be

 applied only to the population in the small  areas sampled and not to

 the total  populations  in the cities.   For the other data, some very

 rough estimates of the reliance to be placed on the data  can be in-

 ferred  from the number of respondents in the sample.  (For example,

 50% value  is more  impressive if it reflects  150 of 300  responses than

 if it reflects 1 or 2 responses.)

     Finally, in interpreting these results  it should be  remembered that

 the survey areas were only one square mile each within  much  larger

 urban areas.  The results  cannot readily be  assumed  to  be representative

of the entire city-wide area.

Summary of Survey Areas

     All three survey areas  were chosen  to surround  the three  tem-

porary ambient monitoring  sites, which  in turn were  chosen because

they were in residential areas  with evidence of substantial  woodburn-

ing activities.   Other considerations  for the monitoring  sites were
* The factor 2 was  obtained  by  rounding  the  1.96 value found  in  the
  table for this  level  of significance.  A more accurate estimate of
  the confidence  interval  could be obtained  by multiplying the standard
  error by a finite population  correlation factor, approximately .9 for
  Area A and Area B and .7 for  Area  C.   Since results are only approx-
  imate due to deviations  from  normality, and can be applied  only to
  small  portions of the city, application of the correction factor to
  make small  reductions in the  length of the confidence interval is not
  warranted.

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security, available power supply, and meeting EPA criteria for siting



of monitors.  The monitoring sites are discussed in more detail in



Appendix 1 of Task 1 - Ambient Air Quality Impact Analysis.



     Area A - Portland Metropolitan Area - The Portland survey area



is located in Multnomah County, immediately adjacent to Southeast Portland



but outside the city limits.  Figure 1 shows two maps giving the location



of the survey area.



     The neighborhood surveyed is a working class area, with an aver-



age annual household income of $18,400 and the predominant occupation



of the head of the household being production.  The homes are relatively



old (average age of 36 years) and small  (1400 square feet), with single



family residences prevailing.  Fireplaces were the most common type of



woodburning devices (36.9% of homes), closely followed by wood stoves



at 31.7%.  More than half the wood burned was in wood stoves, however.



     Area B - Seattle Metropolitan Area  - This survey area is located



in Bellevue, a community four miles due  east of Seattle across Lake



Washington.  Two maps of the survey area are given in Figure 2.



     The average annual  household income of those surveyed was $35,000,



indicating an upper middle class  neighborhood.   The residences were



predominately newer (1962) large  (2300 square feet)  single family



residences owned by the  occupants.  Fireplaces  were present in 97.1% of



the homes, with wood stoves  present in only 13.5%.




     Area C - Spokane Metropolitan Area  -  The Spokane survey area  is



located just north and outside  the City  limits.   This community is



characterized by newer  (1961),  medium sized (1700 square  feet)  single



family homes.   The average annual  family  income  was  $27,700,  representing






                                      9

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Q.

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                                           FIGURE  2


                                         Area  B Map
a    -L^U^ >wra,.«J^
                                                                                fl*™" V *l .-/ . R-Ti-' IT	1
                                                                                -*^-^ ?<£/%$'$>-fr?^, ;\ •(.
ISUM

:R«VM

'far*
                                                11

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a middle to upper middle class neighborhood.  Figure 3 includes two maps

showing the survey area.

      Fireplaces are by far the predominant woodburning device, with 97%

of the households surveyed having one or more.  Only 11.7% of the homes

had wood stoves, but 22.8% of the wood used was by wood stoves.

Analysis of Data

     Without going into detail, several  general  statements on wood use

in these three survey areas can be made.

    •Relatively few households use wood as their primary heat source
     (5-14%), but most households now use wood at least as a secondary
     source of heat and burn substantial quantities of wood (1.0 to 1.6
     cords/year/household).

    •Based on the respondents'  anticipated wood  use in the 1981-82
     heating season and plans to  purchase new woodburning units, it
     appears that wood use  will  continue to increase substantially,
     at least in the short-term.

    •Fifty to seventy percent of  the wood burned was chopped by
     the homeowner.

    •A majority of the wood was aged over one-year (about 65%) and
     stored under cover (about 75%)  prior to burning.


     As previously explained, the survey areas were very  small  (one

square mile each)  and were  chosen to furnish data  to correlate with

the short-term ambient monitoring program,  rather  than  to  be represent-

ative of each city.   However, an  attempt was made  to determine from

this survey if there was  a  relation  between certain demographic data and

some of the important wood  use  parameters  surveyed.   If wood use could

be shown to be dependent  on the age  of the  head  of the  household,  for

example,  then  a  case could  be made for extrapolating these  survey  results
                                     12

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to the total populations of each city based on 1980 census data for a
given age group.
     Wood consumption was broken down by various demographic and wood
usage variables.  Summaries of the results are presented in Table 13
for variables for which a significance level  of .05 or less was reached
in an analysis of variance test.  The only result that was obtained for
all three cities was that those who cut their own firewood burn sig-
nificantly more wood than those who purchase  their firewood.
     Cross-tabulations were obtained between  the demographic variables
and some variables related to wood usage.   Table 14 gives  these cross-
tabulations for which a significant chi-square level  was reached (.05
or less) in a test for independence of the variables  in  the tables.   This
test shows whether or not two variables are related (i.e., does wood usage
depend on the age of the head of the household).   No  significant associa-
tions between variables were found to hold in all  three  cities.  Past
levels of wood consumption and wood storage location  were  unrelated  to
demographic variables.   Expected levels of wood  consumption 1981-82  were
associated with one demographic variable,  age, in  Area A and Area  B  with
the youngest people (under 35 years old) expecting to  increase  consumption.
Plans to buy stoves, fireplaces,  or inserts were  associated with demo-
graphic variables in Area C,  but not in Area B.   (.Statistics for Area A
were excluded here because too few respondents planned any purchases).
     The lack of consistent  correlations between cities  would indicate
that extreme caution should  be used in extrapolating  these survey  results
to each city or to the  Pacific Northwest as a  whole.   It should be noted
                                     14

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that the areas surveyed were very small  and that the statistically



significant correlations found might only apply to the small  sections



of each city that was studied in the survey.
                                     15

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 IV.  COMPARISON WITH OTHER RECENT SURVEYS



     Three other recent surveys on wood burning practices are compared



 with the results from this survey in several of the attached tables.



 These surveys were the Talbott Wong and Associates survey for Portland



 (1979), the Bonneville Power Administration survey for the Pacific



 Northwest (1980), and the Puget Sound Power and Light Company survey



 for their service area in northwest Washington (1980).  The results of



 tnese survyes are used and discussed in another task  of this project



 dealing with wood use trends.



     Comparing and drawing conclusions  from these  surveys are diffi-



 cult for several  reasons.   The areas surveyed varied  considerably;



 this survey covered only one square mile in the three urban areas and



 respondents were generally pre-selected for occupants of single  family



 dwellings; the other surveys covered much larger areas and generally



 included rural as well  as  urban areas,  and apartments as well  as single



 family dwellings.  A second  difficulty  encountered was that relatively



 few questions could be specifically compared, either  because the same



 question was not asked in  each survey or they were asked of different



 groups (i.e., type of wood used was asked of all respondents  in  one



 study, of those who used devices in February, 1981 in this study).   The



 time lapse between the surveys also could be significant,  as  several  of



 the surveys indicated rapid  and large changes in patterns  of  wood use



occurring in the  late 70's and early 80's.
                                     16

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                                   FIGURE 4**

          Woodburning Device Usage  For  All Households Surveyed*


                                    Area  A
                Area B
        No Woodburning
        Device (1.35)
 Woodburning
  Furnace
                   Area C
       No Woodburning
       Device (1.3%)
Woodburning
  Furnace
  (1.3%)
 *  Percentages  do not add  up  to 100% since  some households have  more
   than ona type of woodburning device.
** See page 8 for description  of areas.
                                       17

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                               FIGURE 5


             Wood Burned by  Type of Woodburning Device



                                 Area A
                 Furnacss
                  (4.2:;;
           Area  B
Area  C
Furnaces
                                                                 Furnaces
                                                                  (0.8%)
                                   18

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                                FIGURE  6

                     Main Source  of Home Heating
                                  Area  A
                             More than
                             One (0.7%)
                 ,jood and
                  Others
                  (5.9%)
             Area B
Wood  and
 Otners
                                                         Area  C
                                                     More than
                                                     One (1.8%)
Wood and.
 Others  >*.
 (3.9%)
                                        19

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              FIGURE  7

      Wood  Storage Practices
               Area A
Other or
Mu 11 • p i e
 Answer
Inside Heated
  Structure
   (4.9%)
                         Inside,
                        Unneated
                       Structure
                        (13.5
      WOOD STORAGE  LOCATION
    Mixture (2.3%)
TIME  BETWEEN  CUTTING  AND BURNING
                 20

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              FIGURE 8

      Wood  Storage Practices
               Area B
Other or
Multiple
 Answer
 (3.6'-)
Inside Heated
  Structure
   (4.2*,)
                        Inside,
                       Unneatsd
                      Structure
                        (14.2";
        WOOD STORAGE LOCATION
       More tnan 1  year
          (67.9%)
                                  Mixture (1.25
  TIME BETWEEN CUTTING AND BURNING
                   21

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                  FIGURE  9

         Wood Storage Practices
                   Area C
              Inside Heated
                Structure
                  (7.5=4)
Other or
Multiple
 Answer
                         Inside,
                        Unheated
                        Structure
                         (32.5',)
 Outside,
Uncovered
  (15.9?
                  Outside,
                  Covered
                  (40.1*,)
        WOOD STORAGE  LOCATION
                           Mixture (O.SS)
     IME BETWEEN  CUTTING AND  BURNING
                     22

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                                 TABLE 1  *

                        Summary of Survey Results
Parameter
Number of households
returning questionnaire
Number of questionnaires
sent out
Total number of households
in survey area (excluding
apartments without
chimneys, and trailer
parks) - based on homes
with listed or unlisted
phones
Households using a wood
burning unit within last
12 months
Households using wood as
a primary source of heat
Households having:
Wood stove
Fireplaces
Woodburning furnace
Any woodburning device
No woodburning device
Estimated total number
of cords of wood burned
in last 12 months (all
households in survey
area)**
Area A
288

800

2082


49.7%
14.2%

31.7%
36.9%
1.6%
58.7%
41.3%
2070 cords/yr

Area B
380

800

1429


84.5%
5.8%

13.5%
97.1%
0.6%
98.7%
1.3%
1450 cords/yr

Area C
443

800

930


79.7%
5.0%

11.7%
97.0%
1.3%
96.6%
3.4%
1470 cords/yr

 *  See  page 8 for  description  of  areas.
** This value was  calculated assuming  the  survey  respondents
   were representative  of the  entire survey  areas.
                                    23

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                            TABLE  1  (Cont.
Parameter
% of wood burned in each
type of device
Woodstove
Fireplace
Woodburning furnace
Average wood use per
household (all surveyed)1
Average wood use per
woodburm'ng household
Households planning to
buy woodburm'ng unit
Plans for 1981-82 wood
burning compared to
1980-81 (all households)
More
Same
Less
Area A


56.5%
39.3%
4.2%
1.0 cords/yr
2.0 cords/yr
16.5%


31.9%
59.0%
9.0%
Area B


25.3%
74.6%
«0.1%
1.0 cords/yr
1.2 cords/yr
23.9%


27.8%
60.7%
11.5%
Area C


22.8%
76.5?
0.8%
1.6 cords/yr
1.9 cords/yr
20.4%


27.7%
62.9%
9.3%
"Average" refers in this and all  tables  to  be the arithmetic mean.

-------
                                 TABLE 2

                             Survey Results
                     Section 1*:   Woodburning Stoves
Parameter
Homes having one or more
wood burning stoves
For households having
woodstove(s):
Number of wood stoves
1
2
•3
Were any wood stoves
used in the last 12
months:
Yes
No
For households using
wood stoves in the
last 12 months:
Wood burned in the
last 12 months:
For households using
wood stoves in
February, 1981:
Days in February
wood stove was used
On days in February
wood stove used, hours
per day wood was
burned
Average Values/Percentages (Number of Respondents)
Area A
31.7%
(86)


94.21
(81)
4.7%
(4)
1.2%
(1)

90.7%
(78)
9.3%
(8)

2.11 cords
(76)

22.6 days
(71)
10.0 hours
(71)
Area B
13.5%
(49)


95.7%
(45)
4.3%
(2)
0%

93.8%
(45)
6.2%
(3)

2.15 cords
(45)

20.0 days
(41)
10.6 hours
(41)
Area C
11 70/
1 1 . / '0
(48)


93.6%
(44)
6.4%
(3)
0%

97 . 9%
(46)
2.1%
(1)

3.36 cords
(45)

23.3 days
(38)
14.0 hours
(38)
* Section number refers to section of survey
                                    25

-------
TABLE 2 (Cont.
Parameter
For households using
wood stoves in
February 1981:
Kind of wood burned
most often in each
stove?
=1 Stove
Softwood

Hardwood

Prepared wood
(Prestolog)
Mixed

#2 Stove
Softwood

Hardwood

Prepared wood
(Prestolog)
Mixed

#3 Stove
Softwood

Hardwood
Prepared wood
(Prestolog)
Mixed
Wood burned in past
12 months
What percentage of the
wood burned in the past
12 months was burned
in February (Stove #1)?
Average Values/Percentages (Number of Respondents)
Area A





Area B







61.1%
(44)
25.0%
(18)
A ?OI
f . C/o
(3)
Q 70/
3 . 1 10
(7)

50.0%
(2)
25.0%
(1)
25.0%
(1)
—


100.0%
(1)
—
_-

—
2.39 cords
(71)
24.2%
(52)



34.1%
(15)
61.4%
(27)
__

4.5%
(2)

— —

100.0%
(1)
__

__


_ _

--
__

—
2.33 cords
(41)
22.6%
(34)


Area C







88.6%
(39)
2.3%
(1)
2QO/
. 3/0
(1)
6.8%
(3)

50.0%
(1)
__

_*.

50.0%
(1)

_ _

—
__

—
3.97 cords
(38)
24 . 9%
(33)
'
i
I
         26

-------
      TABLE 3

  Survey Results
Woodstoves by Brand
Brand/Model
Acme
Airtight
All Nighter/Littie Moe
Arc/Medium
Arrow/1800
Artie
Blaze
Blazeking
Boxwood
Buck
Carrousel
Cast Iron/Pot Belly
Centennial
Circulator Heater
(Sears)
Cone/36"
Country Air
Country Stove
Dee Dai Co. , Ltd/6118
Efel
Earth Stove
Elizabethan Parlour
Fi redrum
Area A
Number
5
-
1
1
-
1
-
4
-
-
-
-
2
-
1
•
-
-
1
2
-
-
%*
6.2
-
1.2
1.2
-
1.2
-
5.0
-
-
-
-
2.5
-
1.2
-
-
-
1.2
2.5
-

Area B Area C
i
Number ' %*
-
-
i
-
i
1 2.2
1 2.2
Number
-
1
-
-
-
i
2 4.3
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
1
1
-
2
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
2.2
-
-
2.2
2.2
2.2
-
4.3
2.2
2.2
-
-
1
2
2
1
-
1
-
1
-
-
3
1
-
-
Percent of all wood stoves named in survey.
%*
-
2.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.2
4.3
4.3
2.2
-
2.2
-
2.2
-
-
6.5
2.2
-
-


-------
                            TABLE 3  (Cont.
Brand/Model
Fireside/1000
Fi review Wood Heater/18C
Fisher
Forester
Frank! in
Frontier/Box/1876
Garrison/^2
Glo- Fire/301
Homemade
Howard
Hurricane/300
Insert
Jo tul
KMF-69-7310-R
Kanyon
. King
Kodiak
Kresno/PFS-73
Little Oregon Stove
Lopi
Majestic/Manchester
Pierce
Meyers
Area A
Number
-
1
7
1
10
1
1
1
2
-
1
-
1
1
-
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
% *
-
1.2
8.8
1.2
12.5
1.2
1.2
1.2
2.5
-
1.2
-
1.2
1.2
-
1.2
1.2
-
1.2
-
-
-
Area B
Number
1
-
1
-
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
2
1
% *
2.2
-
2.2
-
4.3
2.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.2
-
-
-
-
2.2
-
2.2
4.3
2.2
Area C
Number
-
1
4
-
1
-
-
1
3
1
—
1
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
%*
-
2.2
8.7
-
2.2
-
-
2.2
6.5
2.2
-
2.2
-
-
2.2
-
2.2
-
-
2.2
-
-
Percent of all  wood stoves  named  i
                                  n  survey.



                                   28

-------
                             TABLE  3  (Cont.
Brand/ Mo del
Monarch Comb.
Mo n tag
Montgomery Wards
Moreland/Space Heater
Mountain Aire
Norweigian/1977
Oak
Olympic
Parlor Stove
Pay&Pak/Centennial
Pay&Save/Franklin
Petit Godin/3720
Plainsman
Preway/FB 24 FMC
Princess
Pyramid
Radiun/Evertz
Ram
Rancher
Scandia/180
Schrader
Sears Roebuck
Area A
Number
2
2
5
1
-
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
1
-
2
6
% *
2.5
2.5
6.2
1.2
-
1.2
1.2
1.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
1.2
-
-
1.2
1.2
-
2'. 5
7.5
Area B
Number
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
1
8
1
i
%*
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.2
-
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
-
2.2
-
-
-
2.2
17.4
2.2
Area C
Number
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
_
-
_
_
1
_
_
-
8
2
v *
10
-
-
-
-
2.2
-
_
2.2
_
2.2
-
-
_
-
_
_
2.2
_
_
_
17.4
4.3
Percent of all  wood  stoves  named  in  survey.



                                    29

-------
                           TABLE 3  (Cont.
Brand/Model
Sherwood
Shop Stove
Sierra
Sigman
Starfire/FWS-39
Taiwan
Universal/Kitchen Range
Vermont/The Elm
Vulcan
Ward's
Washington Stove Works
Welcome
Western Flame
Westmont
Winwood Ind./36
TOTAL
Area A
Number
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
2
1
1
-
-
-
80
%*
1.2
1.2
-
-
-
-
1.2
-
1.2
2.5
1.2
1.2
-
-
-
-
Area B
Number
-
-
1
1
-

-
-
-
-
3
-
1
-
1
46
%*
-
-
2.2
2.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
6.5
-
2.2
-
2.2
-
Area C
Number
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
46
%*
-
-
-
-
2.2
2.2
-
2.2
-
-
-
-
-
2.2
-
-
Percent of all  wood stoves  named  in  survey.
                                 30

-------
Section II
      TABLE 4

  Survey Results
Fireplaces and Fireplace Insert
Parameter
Homes having one or
more fireplaces
For households having
a fireplace:
Number of fireplaces
1
I
2
3
4
Were any fireplaces
used in the last 12
months:
Yes
No
For households using
a fireplace in the
last 12 months:
Wood burned in the
last 12 months:
For households using
a fireplace in
February, 1981:
Days in February
fireplace used.
On days in February
fireplace used, hours
per day wood was
burned
Average Values/Percentages (Number of Respondents)
Area A 1 Area B
36.9%
(100)

97.1%
1 (368)


QO Q OX
OC. . O/o
(82)
16.2%
(16)
1.0%
(1)
--

76.8%
(76)
23.2%
(23)

1.50 cords
(74)

16.4 days
(50)
7.62 hours
(50)
39.1%
(143)
51.4%
(188)
9.3%
(34)
0.3%
(1)

85.8%
(313)
14.2%
(52)

0.93 cords
(307)

8.91 days
(245)
4. 16 hours
(245)
Area C
97.0%
(423)


17.3%
(73)
75.5%
(318)
6.9%
(29)
0.2%
(1)

83.2%
(347)
16.8%
(70)

1.56 cords
(336)

12.2 days
(266)
6.32 hours
(266)
                      31

-------
TABLE 4 (Cont.)
Parameter
For households using
a fireplace in
February, 1981:
Kind of wood burned
most often in each
fireplace
#1 Fireplace
Softwood
Hardwood
Prepared wood
(Prestolog)
Mixed
#2 Fireplace
Softwood
Hardwood
Prepared wood
(Prestolog)
Mixed
#3 Fireplace
Softwood
Hardwood
Prepared wood
(Prestolog}
Mixed
In past 12 months,
amount of wood burned
in fireplace(s)
Average Values/Percentages (Number of Respondents)
Area A



56.1%
(32)
35.1%
(20)
3.5%
(2)
5.3%
(3)

60.0%
(3)
20.0%
(1)
20.0%
(1)
--

— -
—
--
2.13 cords
(50)
Area B



19.6%
(44)
69.8%
(157)
6.2%
(14)
4.4%
(10)

11.6%
(10)
75.6%
(65)
8.1%
(7)
4.7%
(4)

— —
71.4%
(5)
28.6%
(2)
1.25 cords
(245)
Area C



85.4%
(223)
5.0%
(13)
7.7%
(20)
1.9%
(5)

86.0%
(80)
6.5%
(6)
4.3%
(4)
3.3%
(3)

50.0%
(3)
16.7%
(1)
16.7%
(1)
16.7%
(1)
1.95 cords
(266)
        32

-------
TABLE 4 (Cont.)
Parameter
What percentage of the
wood burned in the past
12 months was burned in
February?
For households using a
fireplace in Feburary 1981:
Fireplaces having a
heat recirculating
insert:
#1

$2

#3

Average Values/Percentage (Number of Respondents)
Area A
22.7%
(50)







57.4%
(35)
12.5%
(1)
--

Area B
13.9%
(245)







19.9%
(54)
7.1%
(11)
0 -IV
O . / to
(.1)
Area C
12.6%
(266)







36.3%
(107)
16.8%
(36)
6.3%
(1)
      33

-------
              TABLE 5

          Survey Results
Section III:  Wood Burning Furnaces
Parameter
Homes having wood
burning furnace
For households having
wood burning furnaces:
Was it used in the
last 12 months:
Yes
No
For households using
wood burning furnace
in last 12 months:
Wood burned in
last 12 months.
For households using
wood burning furnace
in February, 1981:
What percentage of
wood burned in last
12 months was
burned in February?
Days in February
furnace used.
On days in February
furnace used, hours
per day.
Kind of wood burned
most often:
Softwood
Hardwood
Prepared Wood
Combination
Average Values/Percentages (Number of Respondents)
Area A
1.6%
(4)

Area B
0.6%
(2)



100.0%
(3)
-—

4.0 cords
(3)

19.0%
(3)


28 days
(3)
15.67 hours
(3)



100.0%
(3)
--
—
-—

50.0%
(1)
50.0%
(1)

0.1 cords
(1)

—


—
--



—
--
—
--
Area C
1.3%
(5)

!
I
16.7%
(1)
83.3%
(5)

3.0 cords
(2)

20.0%
(1)


27.5 days
(2)
13 hours
(2)



100.0%
(3)
--
--
--
                  34

-------
Section IV:
    TABLE  6

 Survey Results
Storage and  Use of Firewood
pa ya mp f" pr
r u i Q ii ic u c [
How is firewood usually
obtained:
Purchased

Cut own

Month most of firewood
obtained:
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Other (several months/
seasons)
Average Values/Percentages (Number of Respondents)
Area A


28.7%
' (39)
71.3%
(97)


1.0%
(1)
3n 
-------
TABLE 6 (Cent.

Parameter

When was wood cut that is
now being burned:
Less than 1 year ago

1 or more years ago

Both

Where is most firewood
stored:
Inside heated structure

Inside unheated struc-
ture
Outside but covered

Outside and uncovered

Other or multiple
answer
Length of time firewood
stored before use
Was fuel other than wood
used in woodburning unit?
Yes

No

If other fuel was used,
what was it?
Oil

Trash

Average Values/Percentaqes (Number of Respondents)

Area A


32.3%
(43)
55.4"
(87)
2.3%
(3)


4.9?;
(7)
19.6%
(28)
42.7%
(61)
25.2%
(36)
7.7%
(ID
11 .8 months
(118)


40.3%
(58)
59.7%
(86)


1.7%
(1)
6.9%
(4)

Area B


30.9%
(101)
67.9%
(222)
1.2%
(4)


4.2%
(14)
14.2%
(48)
55.2%
(186)
22.8%
(77)
3.6%
(12)
11 .9 months
(293)


44.1%
(150)
55.9%
(190)


1.3%
(2)
6.7%
(10)

Area C


36.4 -
(135)
63. l5-
(234)
0 . 5 ^
(2)


7.6%
(29)
32.6%
(125)
40.1%
(154)
15.9%
(61)
3.9%
(15)
10.6 months
(328)


26.1%
(100)
73.9%
(283)


1.0%
(1)
6.0%
(6)
       36

-------
TABLE 6 (Cont.)
Parameter
If other fuel was used,
what was it (Cont. ) :
Paper, cardboard
Prestologs
Coal
Gas
Other
Anticipated amount of
wood burned 1981-82
compared to 1980-81:
More
Less
Same
Amount of wood antici-
pated to be burned in
1981-82 (for all house-
holds including non-
woodburning)
Reason for change in wood
use - see Tables 7-8
Wood use in 1979-80
compared to 1980-81:
Less in 1979-80
More in 1979-80
Same
Did not reside at
same address
Average Values/Percentages (Number of Respondents)
Area A

74.1%
(43)
13.8%
(8)
3.4%
(2)
--
-—

31.9%
(46)
9.0%
(13)
59.0%
(85)
1.1 cords
(274)


21.8%
(29)
29.3%
(39)
39.8%
(53)
9.0%
(12)
Area B

54.7%
(82)
23.3%
(35)
8.0%
(12)
5.3%
(8)
0.7%
(1)

27.8%
(92)
11.5%
(38)
60.7%
(201)
1.4 cords
(349)


25.4%
(84)
21.8%
(72)
52 . 0%
(172)
0.9%
(3)
Area C

33.0%
(33)
53 . 0%
(53)
3.0%
(3)
4.0%
(4)
--

27.7%
(104)
9.3%
(35)
62.9%
(236)
2.2 cords
(406)


24.0%
(88)
26.5%
(97)
46.7%
(171)
2.7%
(10)
      37

-------
                              TABLE 7

                          Survey Results
           Reasons for Anticipated Decrease in Wood Use
                            1981-1982*
Reason
Cost/availability of
f i rewood
Too much trouble/
too dirty
Improved efficiency of
unit/operating practices
or installed fireplace
insert
Use other heat source
instead
Switch to coal
Wood burning is too
inefficient
Too much smoke inside/
outside
Change in living
pattern
Insulated house
Expecting warmer
weather
Other
Area A
Number
2

1

2



_

-
_

_

2

3
1

1
o/
/o
16.7

8.3

16.7



_

-
_

_

16.7

25.0
8.3

8.3
Area B
Number
16

4

2



2

1
11

2

4

-
_

1
V
10
37.2

9.3

4.7



4.7

2.3
25.6

4.7

9.3

-
_

2.3
Area C
Number
11

4

5

•

1

1
7

..

6

1
_

3
•V
>o
28.2

10.3

12.8



2.6

2.6
17.9

_

15.4

2.6
—

7.7
*Respondents filled in their own reasons.   The answers  were put into
 categories during the coding process and  further categorized for this table.
                                   38

-------
                 TABLE 8

              Survey Results
Reasons for Anticipated Increase in Wood Use
                1981-1982
Reason
Cost/availability of
firewood
Cost/need to conserve
oil , gas, electricity
Change in living
pattern
Want more heat/building
more rooms/want to use
more often/have
repaired unit
Weather more severe
next year
Will get more wood
next year
Enjoy fires
Quality of wood heat
Install new unit(s)
Other
Area A
Number
5
5
-
4
17
8
-
1
• 5
5
%
10.0
10.0
-
8.0
34.0
16.0
-
2.0
10.0
10.0
Area B
Number
18
27
7
12
11
7
7
-
9
1
3/
!Q
18.2
27.3
7.1
12.1
11.1
7.1
7.1
-
9.1
1.0
Area C
Number
23
14
3
6
29
6
1
-
28
1
jf
20.7
12.6
2.7
5.4
26.1
5.4
0.9
-
25.2
0.9
                    39

-------
                      TABLE 9

                  Survey Results
Section Va:   Plans for Additional Wood Burning Units
Parameter

Plan to buy wood burning
stove
Yes

No

If planning to buy wood
burning stove:
Number of months until
purchase:
Buy more than one
Yes

No

How many (if more than
one)
2

4

Plan to buy fireplace
insert
Yes

No

Average Values/Percentaaes (Number of Respondents)

Area A


13.6%
(38)
86 . 4%
(241)


11 months
(30)

5.6%
(2)
94.4%
(34)


50.0%
(1)
50.0%
(1)


6.0%
(15)
94.0%
(234)

Area B


q i a
3.1/0
(34)
90.9%
(340)


10 months
(29)

5.9%
(2)
94.1%
(32)


100.0%
(2)
— .



17.9%
(68)
82.1%
(311)

Area C


6.1%
(26)
93.9%
(399)


9 months ',
(23)

7.7%
(2)
92.3%
(24)


100.0%
(2)
. _



16.5%
(70)
83.5%
(355)
                          40

-------
TABLE 9 (Cont.)
Parameter
If planning to buy fire-
place insert:
Time until purchase:
Buy more than one
Yes

No

How many (if more than
one)
2

3

Plan to install fire-
place:
Yes

No

If planning to install
fireplace:
Time until install-
ation:
Install more than 1
Yes
No

Average Values/Percentages (Number of Respondents)
Area A

8 months
(12)

7.1%
(1)
92.9%
(13)

100.0%
(1)
_ _



2.6%
(7)
97.4%
(260)

16 months
(5)

0%
100%
(3)
Area B

8 months
(61)

4.8%
(3)
95.2%
(60)

66.7%
(2)
33.3%
(1)


1.4%
(5)
98.6%
(361)

12 months
(4)

0%
100%
(4)
Area C
|
8 months
(59)

10. r;
(7)
89.9%
(62)

100. Occ
(7)
__



0.8%
(3)
99.2%
(393)

3 months
(1)

0%
100%
(1)

-------
                 TABLE 10

              Survey Results
Section Vb:   General Household Information
Parameter
Main source of home
heating:
Natural Gas
Electricity
Oil
Wood
Wood and other
More than one
Coal

Years residing at address:
Less than 1 year
1-2 years
3-4 years
5+ years
Owner or renter:
Owner
Renter
Year average dwelling
built
Average Values/Percentages (Number of Respondents)
Area A


29.2%
(84)
29.2%
(84)
20.8%
(60)
14.2%
(41)
5.9%
(17)
0.7%
(2)
—


2.1%
(6)
18.1%
(52)
12.5%
(36)
67 . 4%
(194)

84.0%
(242)
16.0%
(46)
1945
(187)
Area B


C"7 QO/
O/ . O/o
(219)
14.8%
(56)
18.2%
(69)
5.8%
(22)
2.4%
(9)
1 I 01
1 . J. /0
(4)
-_


0.5%
(2)
10.3%
(39)
16.6%
(63)
72.6%
(276)

96.0%
(360)
4.0%
(15)
1962
(307)
Area C


74.1%
(326)
7.5%
(33)
7 C°f
1 . J/c
(33)
5.0%
(22)
0 Qo/
0 . -J 10
(17)
1.8%
(8)
0.2%
(1)

n 7o/
U. / 10
(3)
Q "\et
y . i/o
(40)
11.1%
(49)
79.1%
(349)

95.6%
(416)
4.4%
(19)
1961
(343)

-------
TABLE 10 (Cont.
Parameter
Type of residence
Single family home
Duplex
Condominium
Apartment
Mobile Home
Size of residence
(excluding garage)
Rooms heated
Al 1 rooms
Close some off
% of house not heated
(if any closed off)
Types of insulation
Above ceiling or
below roof
Yes
No
First floor walls
Yes
No
Average Values/Percentages (Number of Respondents)
Area A

96 . 9%
(278)
2.1%
(6)
--
1.0%
(3)
—
1404 sq. ft.
(206)

54.9%
(140)
45.1%
(115)
34.0%
(115)


89.4%
(245)
10.6%
(29)

54.4%
(124)
45.6%
(104)
Area B

99.5%
(373)
--
--
—
0.5%
(2)
2311 sq. ft.
(361)

43.2%
(150)
56.8%
(197)
29.1%
(197)


93.7%
(340)
6.3%
(23)

79.5%
(280)
20.5%
(72)
Area C

94.3%
(412)
C Oc/
J . O /Q
(23)
0.2°;
(1)
0.2%
(1)
- _
1719 so. ft.
(407)

62.5%
(257)
37.5%
(154)
30.9%
(154)


98.8%
(426)
1.2%
(5)

87.1%
(350)
12.9%
(52)
        43

-------
TABLE 10 (Cont.)
Parameter
Types of insulation(cont,
Storm or double
glazed windows
Yes

No

Storm or double
glazed doors
Yes

No

Weather stripping or
caul king
Yes

No

Insulation of ground
floor, basement, or
attached garage
Yes

No

Normal number of
inhabitants
Average Values/Percentaqe (Number of Respondents)
Area A



72.9%
(188)
27.1%
(70)


64 . 9%
(161)
35.1%
(87)


75.2%
(191)
24.8%
(63)



42.2%
(98)
57.8%
(134)
2.5 people
(Z5S)H
Area B



40.8%
(141)
59.2%
(205)


34 . 9%
(116)
65.1%
(216)


82.3%
(292)
17.7%
(63)



59.8%
(204)
40.2%
(137)
3.1 peoole
(374)
Area C



91.8co
(392)
8.2"-
(35)


89.0%
(374)
11.0%
(46)


85.3%
(347)
14.7%
(60)



51.0%
(201)
49.0%
(193)
3.0 oeoole
(437)
        44

-------
TABLE 10 (Cont.
Parameter
Occupation of head of
household
Science, Adminstrative
Teacher
Clerical , Technician,
Sales
Service, Military
Farm, Forest
Production
Highest education level
of head of household
Grammar school
Some high school
High school graduate
Some col lege
College graduate
Trade school graduate
Age of head of household
Under 25
25 - 34
35 - 44
Average Values/Percentaae (Number of Resoondents)
Area A

15.7%
(37)
22.9%
(54)
8.9%
(21)
1 If
1 . J/o
(3)
ci ow
J 1 . O /o
(121)

8 To/
. O/o
(23)
20.5%
(57)
26.3%
(73)
27.3%
(76)
9.7%
(27)
7.9%
(22)

2.5%
(7)
20.3%
(57)
13.5%
(38)
Area B

63.2%
(218)
21.7%
(75)
3 no/
. OA
(13)
1.2%
(4)
10.1%
(35)

0.8%
(3)
2.1%
(8)
12.5%
(47)
18.9%
(71)
61.6%
(231)
4.0%
(15)

0.3%
(1)
10.6%
(40)
23.3%
(88)
Area C

40.0%
(146)
31.0%
(113)
5Q0/
. O/o
(21)
1.4%
(5)
21.9%
(80)

2.4%
(10)
5.9%
(25)
20.3%
(86)
31.9%
(135)
31.2%
(132)
8.3%
(35)

0.7%
(3)
7.0%
(30)
21.6%
(93)

-------
TABLE 10 (Cont.
Parameter
Age of head of household
45 - 54
55 - 64
65+
1980 household income
before taxes
Less than $10,000
$10,000 - 19,999
$20,000 - 29,999
$30,000 - 39,999
$40,000 - 49,999
$50,000+
Average Values/Percentages (Number of Respondents)
Area A

12.1%
(34)
22.1%
(62)
29.5%
(83)

28.4%
(75)
36.0%
(95)
25.4%
(67)
8.0%
(21)
1.1%
(3)
1.1%
(3)
Area B

28.6%
(108)
28.9%
(109)
8.2%
(31)

2.3%
(8)
11.6%
(41)
22.7%
(80)
23.5%
(83)
17.6%
(62)
22.4%
(79)
Area C

27 . 4%
(118)
25.8%
(111)
17.4%
(75)

8.6%
(34)
17.7%
(70)
34.8%
(138)
23.0%
(91)
9.8%
(39)
6.1%
(24)
       46

-------
             TABLE 11
Summary of Demographic Information
Parameter
Predominant type of
home
% home ownership
Average size of home
Average household
income
Average year home
built
Predominant occupation
Average education level
in years
(head of household)
Average age
(head of household)
Average number of
people in household
Area A
Single family
residence (96.9?)
84 . 0%
1404 sq. ft.
$18,400

1945
Production
(51.3%)
12.4 yrs.

50.6 yrs.
2.5 people
Area B
Single family
residence (99.5=0
96.0%
2311 sq. ft.
$35,000

1962
Science, teacher,
administrative
(63.2%)
14.8 yrs.

49.5 yrs.
3.1 people
Area C
Single family
residence (94.310
95.6%
1719 sq. ft.
$27,700

1961
Science, teacher,
administrative
(40.0%)
13.8 yrs.

51.4 yrs.
3.0 people
               47

-------
         TABLE 12

    Summary of Wood Use
            by
Type of Woodburning Device
Parameter
Households surveyed:

-All households
-Woodburni ng-househol ds
-Woodstove-using house-
holds
-Fireplace-using house-
holds
-Furnace-using house-
holds
Households using wood as
primary heat source:
- Woods tove/furnace-
using households
-Fireplace- (no inserts)
using households
-Insert-using house-
holds
Households using wood as
secondary heat source:
- Woods tove/furnace-
using households
-Fireplace-(no inserts)
using households
-Insert-using house-
holds
Total wood burned:
-All households
-Woodburni ng households
Wood burned in wood
stoves
-All households
-Woodstove - using
households
Area A

Area B

i
288 ! 380
143
78

76

3



38

2

4



42

39

31


1.0 cords/yr
2.0 cords/yr


0.6 cords/yr
2.1 cords/yr

321
45

313

1



15

5

7



31

244

56


1.0 cord/yr
1.2 cords/yr


0.3 cords/yr
2. 1 cords/yr

Area C


443
353
46

347

1



11

3

12



36

218

113


1.6 cords/yr
1.9 cords/yr


0.3 cords/yr
3.4 cords/yr

             48

-------
TABLE 12 (Cont.
Parameter
Wood burned in fireplace
-All households
-Fireplace-using
households
Wood burned in furnaces
-All households
-Furnace - using
households
Wood burned in stove or
furnace - using house-
holds
-Wood as primary heat
source
-Wood as secondary
heat source
Wood burned in fireplace
using households
(no inserts)
-Wood as primary heat
source
-Wood as secondary
heat source
Wood burned in fireplace
using households
(with inserts)
-Wood as primary heat
source
-Wood as secondary
heat source
Wood burned in February:
-Total survey area* -
all devices
-Total survey area* -
wood stoves
-Per household** -
all devices
-Per household** -
wood stoves
Area A
0.4 cords/yr
1.5 cords/yr
0.04 cords/yr
4.0 cords/yr
2.8 cords/yr
1.7 cords/yr
5.2 cords/yr
0.9 cords/yr
2.0 cords/yr
1.9 cords/yr
433.6 cords
214.0 cords
0.57 cords
0.52 cords
Area B
1
I
0.8 cords/yr
0.9 cords/yr
0 cords/yr
0. 1 cords/yr
3.2 cords/yr
1.6 cords/yr
1.4 cords/yr
0.7 cords/yr
2.9 cords/yr
1.6 cords/yr
303.7 cords
56.4 cords
0.26 cords
0.43 cords
Area C
1.2 cords/yr
1.5 cords/yr
0.01 cords/yr
5.0 cords/yr
5.0 cords/yr
3.0 cords/yr
2.4 cords/yr
0.9 cords/yr
4.3 cords/yr
2.3 cords/yr
326.5 cords
63.9 cords
0.48 cords
0.89 cords
x Includes ai nouseholas In the survey area, out those househo as surveyea and
those that were not. These are projections based on the households surveyed.
** "Household" refers to households surveyed.

-------
                              TABLE  13

                     Annual Wood Use (1980 - 81)
    Significant Relation to Demographic  & Wood  Usage Variables*
Variable/Area
Education Area B
Not H.S. graduate
H.S. or Trade school grad.
College graduate
Age Area C
<35
35 - 44
45 - 54
55 - 64
>65
Income Area A
<20,000
20,000 - 29,999
30,000 - 39,999
40,000 - more
Income Area B
<20,000
20,000 - 29,999
30,000 - 39,999
40,000 - more
Home Size Area B
<1500
1501 - 2500
>2500
Wood Storage Location Area B
Enclosed
Outside, covered
Outside, uncovered
Mean - Cords Number • Standard
™%oS?£: (N) : Deviation

2.4
1.3
0.8

2.0
1.9
1.8
1.1
1.2

0.8
1.5
1.3
1.0

1.3
1.5
1.0
0.8

1.5
1.0
0.7

0.8
1.3
G.8

11
130
224

31
88
112
106
73

168
67
21
6

47
79
79
139

80
130
143

60
180
76

2.81
1.33
1.04

2.1
2.5
2.1
1.4
1.5

1.3
2.1
2.4
0.8

1.3
1.8
1.0
1.0

1.6
1.3
0.8

1.4
1.3
1.0
Significant at the .05 level
                                  50

-------
TABLE 13 (Cont.)
Variable/Area
Wood Storage Location Area C
Enclosed
Outside, covered
Outside, uncovered
When wood cut Area A
<1 year ago
>1 year ago
When Wood Cut Area C
<1 year ago
>1 year ago
Chop own or Purchase Area A
Purchase precut
Chop own
Chop own or Purhcase Area B
Purchase precut
Chop own
Chop own or Purchase Area C
Purchase precut
Chop own
Mean - Cords
wood burned/
yr/househol d

1.3
2.3
1.7

1.6
0.9

2.3
1.1

1.2
2.3

0.9
1.3

1.2
2.1
Number
(N)

148
148
58

98
216

127
227

39
95

156
166

140
218
Standard
Deviation

2.0
2.2
2.1

1.3
1.1

2.4
1.4

1.0
2.1

1.2
1.4

1.5
2.1
       51

-------
                    TABLE  14

 Cross Tabulation of  Important Parameter Tables
                      with
Chi-square Tests Significant at Level  .05 or Less
            Expected Wood Use 1981-82


AGE
<35
35 - 44
45 - 54
55 - 64
^65



AGE
<35
35 - 44
45 - 54
55 - 64
>65
Area A Area B
Less Same More Less Same More

2 16 17 5 11 20
5 12 5 7 51 21
2 10 7 12 56 28
3 18 11 8 65 19
1 26 5 6 17 3
Storage of Wood - Location
Area B
Enclosed Outside, covered Outside, uncovered

2 27 7
11 48 16
20 59 15
21 41 31
7 11 7
                        52

-------
                    TABLE  14 (Cont.)
AGE
<35
35 -
45 -
55 -
265


44
54
64


7
11
5
2
0
                 Plans  to  Buy  New Stove
                        Area  C
                 Yes                 No
                                    26
                                    77
                                   110
                                   107
                                    70
AREA HOME
Sq. Feet
<1501
1501 - 2500
>2500
                 Plans to Buy New Stove
                         Area C
                 Yes
 8
10
 7
                   No
208
128
 34
                           53

-------
                                 TABLE 15

                     Statistical  Data on Key Parameters
1 Parameter/City
Total cords wood burned/
year/all households
Area A
Area B
Area C
I Total cords wood burned/
year/woodburning house-
hold
Area A
Area B
Area C
Cords wood burned in
woodstoves/year/al 1
households
Area A
Area B
Area C
Cords wood burned in
woods toves/year/wood-
stove-using household
Area A
Area B
Area C
Cords wood burned in
f i repl aces/year/all
households
Area A
Area B
Area C
Mean

1.0
1.0
1.6

2.0
1.2
1.9


0.6
0.3
0.3


2.1
2.1
3.4


0.4
0.8
1.2
Number
(N)

284
370
423

143
321
353


286
379
439


76
45
45


286
370
425
Standard
Deviation

1.6
1.3
2.1

1.9
1.3
2.1


1.2
0.9
1.4


1.5
1.6
2.9


1.1
1.1
1.6
Standard *
Error

0.098
0.066
0.100 :

0.155
0.072
0.113


0.071
0.046
0.065


0.167
0.244
0.426


0.065
0.056
0.078
To calculate the  approximate  95%  confidence  interval, multiply  the  standard  error
by 2.   See page 7  of the  text  for  a  discussion of  the  confidence  interval.

-------
                              TABLE 15  (Cont.
Parameter/City Mean
Cords wood burned in
f i repl aces/year/f i re-
place-uslng household
Area A
Area B
Area C
Cords wood burned in
furnace/year/all
households
Area A
Area B
Area C
Cords wood burned in
furnace/year/furnace
users
Area A
Area B
Area C
Expected cord wood use
1981-82 for all
households
Area A
Area B
Area C
Cords wood burned in
woodstoves in February,
all households, X 100
Area A
Area B
Area C

1.5
0.9
1.5

0.04
0.00
0.01

4.0
0.1
5.0

1.1
1.4
2.2

10.3
3.9
6.9
Number
(N)

74
307
336

288
380
442

3
1
1

274
349
406

262
368
427
Standard
! Deviation

1.7
1.1
1.6

0.5
0.005
0.24

2.6
0.0
0.0

1.7
1.5
3.2

33.3
16.6
36.8
Standard *
Error

0.201
0.064
0.087

0.027
0.000
0.012 !

1.528
0.0
0.0

0.101
0.081
' 0.159

2.059
0.865
1.781
- -
* To calculate the  approximate  95% confidence interval, multiply the standard error
  by 2.   See page  7 of  the  text  for a discussion of the confidence interval.
                                       55

-------
                            TABLE  15  (Cont.)
Parameter/City
Cords wood burned in
fireplaces in February,
all households, X 100
Area A
Area B
Area C
Cords wood burned in
furnaces in February,
all households, X 100
Area A
Area B
Area C
Mean



7.9
15.9
24.6



0.7
0.0
0.2
Number
(N)



246
249
264



288
379
441
Standard
Deviation



31.0
24.3
43.7



6.7
0.0
4.8
Standard *
Error



1.976
1.539
2.690



0.397
0.0
0.227
* To  calculate  the  approximate  95== confidence interval, multiply the standard error
  'by  2.   See  page  7 of  the  text for a discussion of the confidence interval.
                                     56

-------
                               TABLE  16
                     Comparison of Portland Survey
                                 with
                         Other Recent  Surveys
Parameter
Area surveyed

Number surveyed
Date of survey
% single family dwellings

Annual wood usage —
all households

Annual wood usage --
wood burning households

% households with wood
stoves

% households with fire-
places
% households using wood
as a primary source of
heat
Wood storage location
Inside, heated
Inside, unheated
Outside, covered
Outside, uncovered
Other or multiple
answer
Current Study
1 sq. mile,
Portland
288
5/81
97%

1.0 cords


2.0 cords


31.7%


36.9%

14.2%



4.9%
19.6%
42.7%
25.2%
7.7%

BPA Study1
State of Oregon

1,156
12/80
—

—

3
2.6 cords


—


—

14.5%



—
—
—
—
—

DEQ Study 2
(Talbott Wong)
Portland AQMA

400
mid-1979
75?
4
0.7 cords


1.5 cords

4
10%

4
35%

4.5%



21.4%
37.2%
36.7%
4.7%
	

Pacific Northwest Residential  Energy Survey,  July 1980.   Conducted  by El rick I
Lavidge, Inc. under contract to the Bonneville Power Administration.

Impact of Fuel  Conversions on  Air Quality in  Oregon's Air Quality Maintenance
Areas, 12/80.  Talbott Wong &  Associates on  contract to  the  Oregon  Department
of Environmental  Quality.

Not limited to  single family dwellings.
Note that 25% of households  surveyed were  not  single  family  dwellings  and,
therefore,  will  probably have  fewer woodburning  units  and  burn  less  wood.

-------
                           TABLE 16 (Cont.)
Parameter
% of house unheated
(closed off)
Type of wood burned
Softwood

Hardwood

Prestologs

Mixed
Current Study
34%


61. l%2
3
25.0%
3
d ?<"
f . C. 10
3
9.7%
BPA Study1
8 Of
,1


_ _ _

	

	


DEQ Study 2
(Talbott Wong)



48.4%

31.3%

8.4%


Pacific Northwest Residential  Energy  Survey,  July  1980.   Conducted  by Elrick &
Lavidge, Inc. under contract to the Bonneville  Power  Administration.

Impact of Fuel  Conversions  on  Air  Quality  in  Oregon's Air Quality Maintenance
Areas, 12/80.  Talbott Wong &  Associates on contract  to  the  Oregon  Department
of Environmental  Quality.

Question asked  only of those burning  wood  in  February 1981 in  wood  stove.
                                   58

-------
                             TABLE  17
                   Comparison  of  Seattle  Survey
                              with
                       Other  Recent  Surveys
Parameter
Area surveyed

Number surveyed
Date of survey
% single family dwellings
with wood stove
% single family
dwellings with fireplace
% single family
dwell ings with no
wood burning device
% of all households
using wood as primary
heat source
Wood burned annually —
wood burning household
Wood burned annually --
wood stove users
Wood burned annually --
fireplace users
Cut own firewood
(% of total used)
% house unheated
(closed off)
Current Study
1 sq. mile,
Bel levue
380
5/81
13.5%

97.1%

1.3%


5.8%


1.9 cords

2.1 cords

1.5 cords

50.8%

29.1%

BPA Study1
State of
Washington
1,467
12/80
—

—

—


7.6%


2.0 cords

—

—

—

7%

f Puget Sound P&L
Study2
Service area-
	 „_, 	 y, 	
338
8/80
25.1%

57.5%

17.4%


11.7%4
!

1.7 cords

2.4 cords

1.4 cords

61.9%

___

Pacific Northwest Residential Energy Survey, July, 1980.   Conducted by
El rick & Lavidge, Inc. under contract to the Bonneville Power Administration.
Residential Wood Heating Survey, July, 1980.  Puget Sound Power & Light Co.
The Puget Sound P&L service area occupies part of the northwest third of
the state, and is characterized as largely suburban and rural.
Calculated by DGA from % of households burning wood times % of  wood burning
households using wood as primary heat sources.
                                 59

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                             TABLE  18

                   Comparison of Spokane  Survey
                               wi th
                       Other Recent Surveys
          Parameter
Current Study
BPA Study
                                                                   1
Area surveyed


Number surveyed

Date of survey

Wood burned annually --
wood burning households

% households using
wood as a primary heat
source

% of house unheated
(closed off)
  1 sq.  mile,
   Spokane

     443

     5/81

   1.9 cords


     5.0%



     31%
 State of
Washington

  1,467

  12/80

2.0 cords


  7.6%



   7%
  Pacific Northwest Residential  Energy Survey,  July,  1980.
  Conducted by El rick & Lavidge,  Inc.  under contract  to  the
  Bonneville Power Administration.
                                  60

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                   APPENDIX  A
                 Questionnaire

'Study  of Woodburning  Equipment  for  Home  Heating
        as  an  Alternative  Energy Source"

-------

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                          Notes on Questionnaire








    Some responses to questions 3i and 4i were treated as "missing"



when it was obvious the respondent had misunderstood the question



(see page 5).  Question 4b was not used in data analsyis.  This



question asked that each fireplace be identified by the room (to be



written in by the respondent).  This question was intended to assist



in the editing of the questionnaires, only.

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          STUDY OF WOOD BURNING  EQUIPMENT FOR  HOME HEATING

                   AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE
     Please  complete the following questionnaire  as accurately  as
r.-c-ssible.   If you do not know  the answer to a  question please make
an effort  to find it out, either by asking another member of your
•.rusehold  z- simply checking around your house.   Your cooperation  is
very important to the success  of the study.

     If you  do not live at  the address shown on  the letter enclosed,
please"check here F] and do not complete the questionnaire.Please
return the uncompleted questionnaire in Che enclosed self-addressed,
stamped envelope.
     Please  read each question  carefully ana  then  put a check  jv/
in the box next to vour answer.
   How long have you lived at the address shown on the enclosed letter?

   a.  Less than 1  year? 	

   b.  1 to 2 years? 	

   c.  3 to 4 years? 	

   d.  5 years or more?	[	|




   Do you use natural gas,  propane, electricity, oil, coal, wood,  or
   something else as your main source of home heating?

   (Please check ONE answer)

   a.  Natural gas  . .  . |	j            e.  Coal		

   b.  Propane		            f.  Wood	|	|

   c.  Electricity  . .  . |	j            g.  Something else (PLEASE NAME)

   d.  Oil	[j               	

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                                SECTION 1

                 Wood Burning Stoves  (Free Standinej


3.   If there is one or more^ wood burning stoves  in your home
        please check here  j_j  and complete this  section.
                                 (OR)
     If there are no wood  burning stoves  in your  home,  please
        check hereT]  and skip  to  Page  4, Section I~ ,  callec
        "Fireplaces  and Fireplace Inserts."
Ja.
3b.
1.

2.

3.


3c,
3d.
How many wood  burning stoves are
there in your  home?	
Please list all  the wood stoves
you have by brand name and model.
(If you have more than one stove
of the same brand name and model,
please list each one separately.)
        Brand Name
                   Model
Did you use (any of) your wood
stove(s)  during the last 12
months?
       Yes
        D
No
D
                      IF NO,  SKIP
                      TO PAGE 4,
                      SECTION II
(IF YES to  Question 3c) During
the last 12 months how many cords
of wood, or what fraction of a
cord,  did you burn in your wood
stove(s)?  (A cord of wood is
a stack of  wood four feet high,
eight  feet  long, and four feet
wid e.)
                            (cords)
              If you used (any of)  your wood
              stove(s) during the month of  February
              1981, please answer the  following
              questions for each stove.   (If you
              did not use (any of)  your wood stove (s)
              during the month of February  1981,
              please skip to Page -t, Section II.)
              Each answer should refer  to your list
              of wood stoves in Question  3b, so
              your following answers on the lines
              marked 1. will apply  to  the specific
              stove you listed on line  1. in Question
              3b, and so on.
                                   3e.
1.

2.

3.


3f.
                  During the month  of  February of
                  this year, approximately how
                  many days did  you use each of
                  your wood stoves?
 (days in February)

_(days in February)

 (days in February)
                  On the days  you used your stove(s)
                  during February 1981, about how
                  many hours per day did you burn
                  wood in each stove?
                                                            (hours per day >

                                                            (hours per day)

                                                            i.nours per dav)
                                            (PLEASE  GO ON  TO NEXT PAGE)

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  i.   During  trie sarnfc time perioc ,
      what  kind  of_ wood  did vou ourn
      'nost  often in each stove, soft-
      woods >.suc!i  as fir or cedar),
      hardwoods  (such as alder, oak, or
      maple) ,  prepared woods (such  as
      presto-logs),  or something else?

   (Please  name  ONE kind of wood
    Burned  MOST  OFTEN in each stove)
1.

2.

3.
     During  the last  12 months,  now
     many cords of wood, or what
     fraction of a cord, did you burn
     in each stove?
                              (cords)
                              (cords)

                              (cords)
3i.  What percent (%) of that wood
     (your answer(s) to Question 3h)
     did you burn in each stove
     during February 1981?
 (% burned  in February)

_(% burned  in February)

 (% burned  in February)
 (PLEASE GO ON  TO NEXT PAGE)

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                                SECTION II

                   Fireplaces  and  Fireplace Inserts
     if you  have  one or more  fireplaces  in your home,  please  check
        here  fj  and complete this  section.
                                  (OR)
     If you  do not have a fireplace in your home,  please  check
        here  ( ]  and skip to  Page  6.  Section  III.  call-id  "Wood
        •—    •  '	' —t          i i
        turning  rurnaces.
              : Lirj3J..ices  are  tnere in
1.
     rlc.i^e list  ail  the  fireplaces
      ;... h^-'-.  '.-y  th^  name of  thd  roo~
     ii1  ..:.!_',>  tnuv  .ire  located.

              \:anie  of Room
4c.
4d.
Did you use (any  of) your fire-
place(s)  during  the  last 12
months?
       Yes           No

                     IF NO, SKIP
                     TO PAGE 6,
                     SECTION III
(IF YES to Question Ac) During
the last 12 months, how many
cords of wood,  or what fraction
of a cord, did  you burn in your
fireplace(s)?   (A cord of wood
is a stack of wood four feet
high, eight feet long, and
four feet wide.)

                       (cords)
                                   If you 'ijsjfj.'.  -.n;  -U'  ;',;ur u irepiace (s)
                                   j_uritijj	i'^?_ nu• n^;i  j:  '-'ebruarv  1981,
                                   please answer  rhe following questions
                                   for aach fireuiace.   'If  vou  did not
                                   use (any ofl  vour fireplaces(s) during
                                   the month i;  reDruary  1981, please
                                   skip ic Pj.gc   ,  Sicci.jp.  III.)   Each
                                   answer should  refer  co  your list of
                                   fireplaces in Question  4b,  so  vour
                                   following answers on  the  lines  marked
                                   1. will apply  to  the  specific  fire-
                                   place you listed  on  line  1. in  Question
                                   4b, and so on.
4e.   During the  month of February of
     this year,  approximately how
     many cays did  you use each of
     vour fireolaces?
                                   1.

                                   2.

                                   3.
                  (days  in February)

                  (days  in February)

                  (days  in February)
                                        1.
                                        3.
     On the  Jays  you used your fire-
     place (s)  during February 1981
     about how many hours per day
     did you ourn wood in each fire-
     nlace?

    	(hours per day)
                                                           nour.-  oer

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3.
1.

2.

3.


41.
1.

2.

3.
     ot ter
        ..o .-,.- • - ;ir.£ per

         •^^r.  fLrepi-u-e,
vooas ..sucii as fir or  cedarj ,
lardwoods (SMC'H as alder, oak,
or made) , prepared woods (such
as presto-logs), or something
else?
    (Please name ONE kind of wood
    burned MOST OFTEN in each  fire-
    place)
     During the __;-•_£_[- 12 months, how
     many cords 01 vood, or what
     fraction of a cord, did you
     burn in each fireplace?
                         (cords)

                         (cords)

                         (cords)
What percent  (%) of that wood
(your answer(s) to Question 4h)
did you burn  in each fireplace
during February 1981?

     	(%  burned in February)
           (% burned in February)

           (% burned in February)
                                         Do any  of  your  fireplaces have
                                         a heat  recirculating  insert,
                                         such as a  heat-c-later7   (Plea = £.
                                         answer  for each  fireplace listed,
i.
2.
3.
Yes
Yes
Yes
LJ
D
n
No | 	
No |
i 	 1
No L-
                                               (PLEASE  GO ON  TO  NEXT  PAGE,

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                                   TION III
                         Wood aurr.ing rurnaces


5.   If there  is a  furnace  _in your home,  in which you  burn  wood
        please check  here   '_ I  and  complete this  section.
                                 (OR)
     If you  do not  have a. wood burning  furnace  in your home,
        please check  here   [J  and  skip  to Page  7, Section IV.
        called, "Storage and  ;Jse of Firewood."
     Did  you burn woov.J. in your  f.irnuce
     during Che  Las: 12 months?
      Yes
No
 i   ^
IF NO,  SKIP
TO PACE  7,
SECTION'  IV
5b.   (IF YES to Question 5a)  During
     the last 12 months how many cords
     of wood, or what fraction of a
     cord, did you burn in your fur-
     nace?   (A cord of wood is a
     stack of wood four feet  high,
     eight feet long, and four feet
     wide.)

     	(cords)
If you burned wood in your furnace
during the month of February 1981,
please answer the following questions.
(If you did not burn wood in your
furnace during the month of February
1981,  please skip to Page 7,
Section IV.)
5c.   What  percent (%) of that wood
     (your answer to Question 5b) did
     you burn in your furnace during
     February 1981?

     	(% burned in February)
                   5d.
                                       5f.
                                            During  r:he month of February
                                            of  this  year, approximately how
                                            many  days did you burn wood in
                                            vour rurnace:
                                                       (days in February)
                                            On the  days you burned wood in
                                            your furnace during February
                                            1981, about how many hours per
                                            day did you burn wood in your
                                            furnace?

                                            	(hours per day)
                        During  the same time period,
                        what  kind of wood did you burn
                        most  often in your furnace,
                        softwoods  (such as fir or cedar) ,
                        hardwoods  (such as alder, oak, or
                        maple) ,  prepared woods (such  as
                        presto-logs), or something else?

                          (Please name ONE kind of
                           wood  burned MOST OFTEN)
                        (PLEASE GO ON TO NEXT  PAGE)

-------
                     i>cerate ana  i^se or  rirewooa
If you  have a  wood burning stove,  fireplace, or wood burning
   furnace, in your home, please complete this  section.
                                (OR)
If you  do not  have any  wood  burning facilities  in your  home,
   please skip to I"age  9, Section  V,  called "General Household
   Information."
    Do  you usually purchase precuc
    firewood or do you  chop ycur
    own firewood?

        (Please check ONE)
       Purchase precut  fire-
       wood , or	
    b.  Chop your own  fire-
       wood?  	
7.   What month of the year do you
    usually obtain most of your
    firewood?
    Are you burning wood that was
    cut less than one year ago,
    or one or more years ago?

       (Please check ONE)

    a.  Cut less than one year
       ago, or  	
       Cut one or more years
       ago?	
     Do you store most  of your :i:
     wood. . . .

         (Please check  ONE)

     a.   Inside your home or
         a heated garage? . .  .  . |

     b.   In an enclosed but
         unheated garage or
         shed?  	
     c.  Outside in a  covered
        location?, or  ...
     d.  Outside and  uncovered? .
                                      10.  How long would you say you
                                           store your firewood before
                                           burning it?
11.  Do you burn anything else,  other
    than wood,  in  your wood stove,
    fireplace,  or  furnace?
       Yes
        !
                                                            No
D
                                           (IF YES) What besides wood do you
                                           burn?
                                           (PLEASE GO  ON TO NEXT PAGE)

-------
     Given  the current  price TV.
     availability  of  wood  an.,',  ot'ru
     fuels,  do you think  you 
-------
                                SECTION V

                     General  Household Information
Please answer the questions  in this  section EVEN  IF you do  not
have  a wood  burning  stove,  fireplace,  or wood burning furnace in
vour  home .
      o you have any plans  ror buyina
       (another) wood burning stove
      or your present residence?
        Yes
    15b.
             (I? YES,  ANSWER
             Questions I5a
             and 15b)
(IF YES) How soon do you   j
think you might purchase
one?
Do you  foresee buying more
than one?
  Yes

                         No
           (IF YES) How many do you
           think you might buy?
                                  Do you have any plans for buying
                                  a (another) fireplace insert for
                                  your present residence?
                                         ! 16a.
                                          16b.
                                                Yes
                                                         No
                                           (IF YES, ANSWER
                                           Questions 16a
                                           and 16b)
                                       (IF YES) How soon do you
                                       think you might  purchase
                                                oner
                                      Do you foresee buying more
                                      than one?

                                        Yes  |  ['           No
                                         •v
                                        (IF YES) How many do you
                                        think you might buy?
                                            (PLEASE GO ON TO  NEXT PAGE)

-------
10
          Dvj you have  any  plans  ror
          buying a fireplace  for youi
          oresent residence?
               Yes
                    (IF YES,  AI-'Su'ER
                    Questions 17a
                    and  l?b)
                (IF i'bS)  H.CW soon jo  yo<;
                think  you might  purchase
         17b.
          Do you foresee buying more
          than one?

             Yes  i   i      N'o  '   !
              |   '—
             (IF YES) How many do vrui
             think you -light buy?
18.
          Do you  own  or  rent your
          residence?
          a .  Own

          b .  Rent
n
19.   In what year was your dwelling
     built?
      20.   Is  your residence a....?

           a.   Single family home,

           b.   Duplex, 	

           c.   Condominium,. .  •   •
               \pn r tmcn t
                                              Wnat  i..s  tiid  = qua re roota^: or
                                              "our  i'e.sider"8  iexcluding tn-_
                                                           j._  -.re rooir..-
    (.IF CLOSE SOME  OFF)  What
    percent  ("•) of  your  house
    co vo'i noi heat?
Do .'ov, HC.\ ;: _:ny of  the  fv'.l-
types jf insolation in  you;
residence.

a.  Insulation above
    the ceiling or  on
    the underside of
    the roof?  ....

b.  Insulation on the
    first floor walls?

c.  Storm or double
    glazed windows? .

d.  Storm or double
    glazed doors?  . .

e.  Weather stripping
    or caulking?, or

f.  Insulation or the
    ground floor, base-
    ment, c r a ttnch e d
    garage?  	
                                                                                       No I
                                                                         Yes
                                                                               Yes |	|  No |
                                                                               Yes
                                                                               Yes i   i  No I

-------
25.   What  is  the  o«_cuij the head
     the household?   (If no DCJC c:
     household, check highest > <.;?'.
     of education  for aJl  .  Colleji Gradu,.';-   .  .
                               r  i
     f.  Trade School Grac.ua'.w-
     ",'.1:ich of  the follovirij.: •...-..
     includes  the age of the hca.
     the  household?  (If no ^>_.K
                                              b.   i 10,000 to S 19,99^

                                              :.   520,000 to 529,999

                                              d.   $30,000 to $39.999

                                              a.   $40,000 to $^9,999

                                              f.   $50,000 or more  .
                                         Thank you very much  for ycur t:i:
                                         and cooperation in  completing  r\
                                         auestionnaire.
                                          PLEASE  RETURN  THIS  QUESTIONNAIRE
                                          IN THE  ENCLOSED SELF-ADDRESSED
                                            ;•:-.?:-. LNGTOK  ENERGY  =:>:TE::?IO::
                                              SERVICE
                                            North  222 Havana
                                            Spokane, Washington  992C2
     „.  Unaer 1~
        ~: - 3
    a.  4i-D^  .  .
    e.  55-64  .  .

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