EPA 910/9-82-089|
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle WA 98101
Air & Waste Management Division February 1984
&EPA Residential Wood
Combustion Study
Task 7
Indoor Air Quality
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RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION STUDY
TASK 7
INDOOR AIR QUALITY
-------
RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION STUDY
TASK 7
INDOOR AIR QUALITY
FINAL REPORT
Prepared by:
John E. Core
Dr. John A. Cooper
Dr. James E. Houck
NEA, INC.
Beaverton, Oregon
Prepared for:
DEL GREEN ASSOCIATES, INC.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
Woodburn, Oregon
Under Contract No. 68-02-3566
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Region X
Seattle, Washington 98101
Task Manager
Wayne Grotheer
October, 1982
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by Region 10, U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval
does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
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THIS REPORT CONSISTS OF SEVERAL DIFFERENT PARTS.
THEY ARE LISTED BELOW FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE.
EPA 910/9-82-089a Residential Wood Combustion Study
Task 1 - Ambient Air Quality Impact
Analysis
EPA 910/9-82-089b Task 1 - Appendices
EPA 910/9-82-089c Task 2A - Current & Projected Air Quality
Impacts
EPA 910/9-82-089d Task 2B - Household Information Survey
EPA 910/9-82-089e Task 3 - Wood Fuel Use Projection
EPA 910/9-82-089f Task 4 - Technical Analysis of Wood Stoves
EPA 910/9-82-089g Task 5 - Emissions Testing of Wood Stoves
Volumes 1 & 2
EPA 910/9-82-089h Task 5 - Emissions Testing of Wood Stoves
Volumes 3 & 4 (Appendices)
EPA 910/9-82-089i Task 6 - Control Strategy Analysis
EPA 910/9-82-089J Task 7 - Indoor Air Quality
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY v
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
1.0 INTRODUCTION l
2.0 PROGRAM PURPOSE 1
3.0 PROGRAM DESIGN A
3.1 Home Air Exchange Races ^
3.2 House Selection Criteria 8
3.3 Wood Characteristics 8
3.4 Meteorology and Space Heating Variables . . . 15
4.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL DESIGN 18
5.0 PROGRAM RESULTS 19
6.0 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 24
7.0 PROGRAM CONCLUSIONS 29
8.0 REFERENCES 31
APPENDIX A
Quality Assurance Plan
VOLUME II
Records of Home Appliance Use
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ABSTRACT
Indoor exposure to particulate air pollution associated with residential
wood combustion was studied in five typical Northwest homes during May, 1980.
Particulate mass and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PNA) species were
measured in each home prior to, and during wood appliance use to determine
the degree to which indoor particulate mass and PNA concentrations increased.
Air, infiltration rate information typical of the homes included in the survey
were obtained from the literature. Records of wood use and climatic conditions-
during the indoor sampling period were maintained.
Experimental results are compared to other indoor air pollution studies
on residential wood combustion and interpreted in relation to typical wood
use during cold weather periods associated with greater wood burning activity.
Program conclusions relative to appliance operation, design and maintenance
are discussed.
IV
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Recent increases in the use of residential wood combustion appliances
and home weatherization have focused new concern on public health risks
associated with indoor particulate air pollution from wood stoves. The
purpose of Task 7 was to develop a better understanding of the concentration
of indoor particulate and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNA) during
appliance use, thereby providing a basis upon which future indoor exposure
levels can be assessed.
The program design consisted of measurement of aerosol mass and PNA
concentrations in five typical Northwest homes during a 5-day period of wood
stove use. Measurements during a similar time period within which the
appliances were not used served to provide a measure of the increase in aerosol
and PNA concentration associated with wood stove use. Houses selected for
study included a newer tract home, a weatherized, airtight home built in 1974,
an older home built in 1948, a moble home and an older rural home built in
1930. Only non-smoker homes with wood stoves were studied. Air infiltration
rates typical of 4 of the homes were obtained from the literature. No infor-
mation for mobile home air exchange rates was found, however.
Results from the sampling program indicated that, within the limits of
experimental error, there was no significant increase in the concentration of
aerosol mass or PNA concentration during appliance use in four of the five homes.
Significant increases in mass-and PNA levels were, however, found in one home
equipped with a wood stove that leaked smoke into the room during charging
and/or from leaks in the flue system. Concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P)
found in this home during stove use were equivalent to B(a)P exposure associated
with smoking approximately 10 cigarettes per day (lower limit estimate).
Because wood use during the sampling period was about 25-60% of that typically
used during the colder winter months, program results cannot necessarily be
considered representative of periods of typically heavier wood use.
The program conclusions have identified the importance of proper wood
stove installation, maintenance and operation to prevent excessive fugitive
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emissions which is of key importance to indoor air quality. The potential
for public health risk associated with indoor fugitive smoke emissions is
likely to become increasingly important as air infiltration is decreased
by home weatherization and the use of wood burning appliances becomes more
popular. Current information establishing the number of wood burning house-
holds with leaky stoves is not available upon which to form an assessment of
public health risk.
VI
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
I Indoor Air Pollution Variables 5
2 Typical Air Infiltration Rates 7
3 House Selection Criteria 9
4 Survey House Characteristics 11
5 Burning Period Record Summary 16
6 Climatological Summary 17
7 Daily Wood Use Summary (February, 1981) 18
8 Summary of Mass and Lead Analysis Results 22
9 Summary of PNA Analysis Results 23
10 Indoor-Outdoor Respirable Particulate Concentrations 25
11 Comparison of Indoor and Outdoor PNA Concentrations. 28
vn
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 U.S. Wood Stove Production Trends (1958-1980). ... 2
2 RWC Pathways to Human Exposure 3
3 Potential Sources of Indoor RWC Emissions 10
4 Study House Locations 12
5 House Floor Plans 13
6 Indoor Sampling Instrumentation 20
7 Outdoor Sampling Instrumentation 21
viii
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The use of wood as a residential space heating fuel has increased
significantly over the past few years. Figure 1 illustrates the rapid growth in
the sales of wood burning appliances over the past decade. Because of the
increasing popularity of wood burning appliances and the current emphasis on
energy conservation (and attendant reduction in air infiltration), occupants of
homes that heat with wood are likely to be exposed to fugitive smoke emissions
that can represent an important health risk. This potential problem is
especially important to the Pacific Northwest where approximately 50% of the
homes rely on wood fuel to provide at least a portion of their heating
requirements. An understanding of the indoor air pollution aspects of the
Residential Wood Combustion (RWC) problem is important to those promoting the
expanded use of wood for space heating.
2.0 PROGRAM PURPOSE
The purpose of Task 7 is to develop (a) better understanding of the level of
respirable particulates in representative homes during periods of wood burning
and (b) an assessment of the concentration of carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbon (PNA) compounds found during appliance use.
An individual's total exposure can be separated into indoor-home,
indoor-work and outdoor environmental exposures. Potential pathways for exposure
to hazardous air pollutants are illustrated in Figure 2. Although the entire
exposure to pollutants from wood-burning appliances is of interest, only the
indoor environment pathway will be assessed in this study. Polynuclear aromatic
(PNA) compounds are of primary concern because of their abundance in RWC
emissions and their carcinogenic nature. Many of the PNA compounds (such as
benzo(a)pyrene) have been classified as carcinogenic and have historically been
used as an indicator of other carcinogenic agents.
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Figure 1 United States production of
wood burning stoves
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Figure 2
Pathways of Human Exposure to Hazardous Air Fbllutants
Residential Wood Burning Appliances
op
Household Dust"
Other
Indoor
Sources
V
Indoor Pollutants in
the Moma Environment
Emissions from Residential
Wood Burning Appliances
J
y
Infiltration op
Outdoor Pollutants
Indoor Pollutants In
ttie Work Environment-
Individual Exposure to
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Otfier Outdoor
Sources
Pollutants in the
Outdoor Environment
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3.0 PROGRAM DESIGN
The aporoach used in this study was to measure the indoor concentration of
selected hazardous and indicating chemicals associated with particulate emissions
from RWC. The contribution of direct appliance emissions to indoor
concentrations was evaluated by means of comparative measurements made before and
during periods of appliance use. Aerosol contribution associated with
infiltration of outside air was assessed by two techniques: (1) indoor
measurements were made during a period when the wood burning appliances were not
in use, and (2) lead, which is nearly unique to the outdoor environment, was
measured on samples simultaneously collected indoors and outdoors.
Since the program results are highly dependent upon the nature of the indoor
environment, the selection of homes to be included in the program were of central
importance. In addition, a large number of other variables (Table 1) can affect
pollutant concentrations and health exposure levels. Because wood burning
appliances are only one of a group of aerosol emission sources in the home, the
program design was structured to obtain samples during periods with and without
wood burning activity. Development of other program design elements required
an analysis of the importance of each variable. Several of the more critical
variables are discussed below.
3.1 Home Air Exchange Rates
Infiltration of outside air to the indoor environment is of critical
concern in assuring that program results can be properly interpreted and representati\
of typical homes. The initial program plan included measurements of five
indoor home environments to (a) provide representative information of exposure
levels in typical Northwest homes (b) reduce the importance of air exchange
rate measurements in the study and (c) keep the program cost within available
resources.
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TABLE 1
PRINCIPAL VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH INDOOR
AIR POLLUTION FROM WOOD-BURNING APPLIANCES
APPLIANCE - Brand and Model
FUEL
Species
Moisture content
Size
Aging period
APPLIANCE OPERATION
Kindling and starting procedure
Fuel loading frequency and method
Combustion rate
Combustion temperature
Special manufacturers operating instructions
HOUSE
Air exchange rates
Structural differences between homes
Insulation
Storm windows
Ventilation systems
Internal air volumes
Location of wood burning appliance
Chimney design
HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES
Family size and age
Socioeconomic class
Average household occupancy per day
Length of appliance use
Percent of space heating requirements supplied by appliance
Behavior patterns, e.g., cooking, hobbies, smoking, ventilation,
temperature preferences, etc.
METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES
Wind velocity - air exchange rate
Temperature - fuel combustion rate
Relative humidity - aerosol chemistry and physics
Low level inversion conditions - down draft
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Air exchange race measurements were not made because flucuations in air
infiltration due to weather conditions, ventilation fan use, window and door
use and other parameters reflected in a single short term measurement would
be of little value. Occupant behavior and structural artifacts are particularly
significant when comparing homes representing the spectrum of structural types
and socioeconomic groups. In addition, extensive SFg tracer infiltration
studies are typically able to provide results reproducible to only r 50%.2
For these reasons, and because of limited resources, air exchange rate
measurements were not made. Instead, a literature search was undertaken to
provide estimates of infiltration rates typical of the homes included in this
study.
A recent compilation of published data estimated that the average air
exchange value for 224 homes during the winter was .67 air changes per hour (ach)
with a standard deviation of .48 ach. Based on this survey, relative air
exchange rate ranking can be made based on structure, insulation and occupancy
using literature values for similar home types. Table 2 summarizes air exchange
rate measurements made for homes of similar age, construction and floor area
as those used in this study. Information on air exchange rates for mobile
homes similar to that included in the study was not available. Older
uninsulated homes clearly fall at the high end of the air exchange rate range,
whereas new energy efficient (well sealed and insulated) homes are grouped
at the low end. In this study, an effort was made to select homes with
approximately the same number of occupants to reduce potential variability
in air exchange rates between homes.
A qualitative measure of the actual air exchange rate is provided by
an analysis of the lead content of indoor and outdoor air particulate samples
taken simultaneously. Since no known lead sources have been found in typical
homes, the intrusion of lead-enriched aerosol from outdoor sources (leaded
auto exhaust) can provide a measure of the air exchange rate. As, for
example, the ratio of indoor to outdoor Pb approaches 1.0, the air exchange
rate should also increase. Low indoor/outdoor ratios indicate low exchange
rates due to particle deposition on interior surfac The indoor/outdoor
Pb ratio also provides an indication of the upper limit of outdoor wood
appliance emission contribution. The absolute Pb values are indicative of the
distance to local traffic sources.
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Table 2
Typical Air Infiltration Rates
For Survey Homes
House
Number
1
2
3
4
5
House
Type
Older
Home
New tract
Home
Airtight
Home
Mobile
Home
Rural
Home
Lowest ACI1
Rank
Order
3
1
2
_
4
Construction
Date
1948
19AO/19701
1974
1975
1930
Floor
Area (m2)
156
158
135
88
56
1 fY V C L cl J^C; I.-LL
Construction Floor
Date Area (m2)
1950's 118
1950's 114
1977 115
- No Available
1929 105
Air
Clianges/hr
mean ± std. dev.
0.600 ± 0.040
0.338 ± 0. 110
0.556 ± 0.133
Data
I. 140 ± 0.340
No. of
Homes
Tested
2
13
5
_-
2
Notes:
1- 1970 Addition to Home Constructed in 1940
2' Literature values are for frame homes - not mobile homes
3' Reference 4
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3.2 House Selection Criteria
Houses selected for inclusion in the field program were selected on the
basis of the criteria listed in Table 3. All were selected within the same
airshed to assure some uniformity in outdoor air quality conditions. Key
criteria for selection included (a) an absence of smokers in the household, (b)
house type classified into one of the five groups chosen for study, (c) the
presence, and established use, of a wood burning appliance, (d) selected occupant
characteristics, (e) willingness to participate in the study, and (f) an absence
of unusual combustion practices within, or adjacent to, the house. Backyard
burning was considered an important emission source considered within the last
criteria. Figure 3 describes potential sources and causes of wood smoke to the
indoor air quality which were considered in the house selection process. In
addition, the home types selected (Table 3) were intended to be representative of
a cross section of Northwest homes. Table 4 summarizes the characteristics of
the houses included in the field program. Figure 4 shows the house locations
within Metropolitan Portland. Figure 5 illustrates the ground level floor plan
of each house, the location of the wood burning appliance and the sampler.
Prior to initiation of the sampling period, information regarding the
program and its purpose were distributed to home occupants, as were study
instructions, house information sheets and daily data sheets describing wood
stove operation, sampling information, weather and unusual events that may have
influenced sample collection.
3.3 Wood Characteristics
An important consideration in developing the program design was control of
the species and amount of wood burned in each household. A uniform lot of
Douglas Fir firewood was purchased and supplied to each household in bundled,
pre-weighed lots to insure that (a) accurate information on the amount of fuel
burned could be obtained, (b) fuel consistency was maintained between households,
and (c) variations in emission chemistry between homes could be minimized to the
extent reasonably practicable. Moisture content measurements of the fuel varied
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TABLE 3
HOUSE, APPLIANCE AND OCCUPANCY CHARACTERISTICS
USED TO SELECT HOMES TO STUDY INDOOR AIR
POLLUTION FROM WOOD-BURNING APPLIANCES
I. HOUSE TYPE - An attempt will be made to select one home
from each of the following five categories.
Additionally, at least one home will be from
a rural area.
An older home
A newer tract home
A mobile home or prefabricated home
A low income home
A tight home (energy efficient)
II. HOUSE CONSTRUCTION FEATURES WHICH MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO HIGH INDOOR
POLLUTION LEVELS (TABLE 1)
III. HISTORICAL USE OF APPLIANCE (PRIMARY/SECONDARY, YEARS IN USE, ETC.)
IV. APPLIANCE - TYPICAL COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE STOVE AND CHIMNEY INSTALLED
ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURERS SPECIFICATIONS
V. OCCUPANTS CHARACTERISTICS
Family of three or more individuals (preferably at least one child)
80 to 902 occupancy over a typical week
No indoor combustion sources other than wood burning appliance
High level of interest in study
Willingness to conform to minor restrictions during the study
period
No smokers
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POTENTIAL SOURCES AND CAUSES OF WOOD
BURNING APPLIANCE EMISSIONS TO THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT
Wind
recirculatlon
reclrculatlon
/fT\
refueling
cleaning
emissions from
neighboring wood stoves
DURING USE
NOT IN USE
DURING CLEANING
Exhaust fan In house creates
negative household pressure
A puff of smoke may be drawn
into room during refueling
Leaks in stove and/or chimney
Ilecirculation
Neighbors appliance emissions
Vapors from condensate
deposited in chimney
Resuspenaion of duut
Chimney cleaning
Removal of ash from ulove
FIGURE 3
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Table 4
Indoor Residential Sampling
Residential Wood Combustion Study
(May 8-20, 1981)
House Characteristics
Home No .
1
2
3
4
5
House Type Square Feet
Older Home 1680
Newer Tract 1700
Home
Well Insulated, 1450
Air tight home
Mobile Home 950
Low Income , 600
Rural Home ,
Poorly Insulated
Wt. of Wood
No. Occupants Wood Stove Burned (Kg)
10 Orley 89
4 Fisher 97
3 Earth 87
3 Arrow 29
3 ' Ulefos 25
Average KaLe
Avg . Mass of
Wood Uui~nud/clci)
18 kg/day
19.5 kg/d.iy
17.5 kg/day
5.8 kg/day
10.7 kg/day
of Wood Use
During Survey
14.5 kg/day
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rigure u
Residential Wood Combustion
Studv House Locations
Low Income
Rural
Mobile
Newer
Tract
12
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;igure 3
Survey Home
Floor Plans
MASTER SEDROOH
LAUNDRY
STOVE -» [ 7
FAMIU ROOM L[V1NC |;0()M
BED
BED
SED
I ?|| !l M
1 FU.TF.R-) Q
KITCHEN OININC ROOM
HOME 1 FLOOR PLAN
r
SUN
ROOM
BATHROOM
LA
DINING
KITCHEN
LIVING ROOM
BEDROOM
STAIRS TO
trjSASFMENT
±)
_^A_
RATH LAUNDRY
PLAYROOM
SAMPLE R
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Figure 5
Survey Home
Floor Plans
0 FTI:J> r
MASTER.
BEDROOM
SAR
ROOM
CARPORT
3FI1-
ROOM
HOME i FLOOR
I.IVINC. :«)OM KITCHEN
Q "5TOVE ^x^
S,\MPLER
LOCATION \o
N
PLAN
DINING
KITCHEN
FILTER O
HOME 5 F1.00R PLAN (NO SCALE)
14
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between 20 and 30%. The amount of wood consumed per home during the burning
period was found to range from 25 to 97 kilograms. Douglas Fir was chosen as
it is indigenous to the Pacific Northwest and a commonly used fuel. Kindling,
combustion rate and uniform starting instructions were provided to each
household to minimize house to house variations in appliance operating
conditions.
3.4 Meteorological and Space Heating Variables
Since personal exposure and indoor air quality conditions are dependent
on the extent and duration of wood stove (or fireplace) use, collection of
local climatological data (temperature, heating degree days and wind speed)
is helpful to place the data in proper perspective relative to peak heating
periods. Table 5 summarizes homeowner RWC appliance use during the wood
burning period while Table 6 summarizes the meteorological conditions during
the sampling period. Volume II is a compilation of appliance use in each home.
Weather conditions during the burning period (May 14-20, 1981) may be
characterized as a period of moderate temperatures, light rain and cloudy
skies. Since the total heating degree day value for the burning period was
only 66, as compared to a typical peak 7 day period in February, 1981 of 198,
space heating demand during the May burning period is not representative- of
"worst case" heating demand conditions during cold weather episodes.
Comparison of the rate of wood use per household during the indoor sampling
period to use during a period of cold weather (February, 1981) helps to place
the sampling results .into the proper perspective. Results from the 1981 wood
use survey conducted in Portland, Seattle and Spokane provided extensive
information on the quantity of wood burned in wood stove households. Table 7
summarizes results of the survey for the month of February, 1981, a typical
period of high space heating demand. (Note that for each city the survey area
consisted of one-square mile of a residential neighborhood located near an
ambient air sampling system; consequently, although the wood use values are
believed to be typical of a high demand period, the data must be used with
caution.)
15
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Burning Period Record Summary
Home
No.
1
2
3
Mo. Times
Dace Refueled
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
14
15
16
17
18
19
14
15
16
17
18
14
15
16
17
18
ND
Many
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
3
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
Wood Burning Period
Use Start End
(-Logs) (Estimated)
ND
ND
ND
5
ND
ND
3
Ik
3
4
2
2
ih
3
3
2
6
6
8
8
7
5
4
12
4
6
4
8
10
10
4
:43
:50
:00
:10
:05
ND
:30
:15
:50
:30
:00
:00
:30
:00
:00
:00
AM'
AM
AM
AM
AM
PM
PM
PM
PM
PM
PM
PM
AM
AM
PM
1
1
9
1
ND
ND
:00
ND
ND
ND
ND
:00
:00
:00
PM
AM
PM
AM
Midnight
8
9
1
2
7
:00
:30
:30
:30
:30
PM
PM
PM
PM
PM
Comments
Overcast; vacuuming house
Overcast
Overcast
Rainy
Hot start up
Hot start up
Hot start up
Hot start up
Hot start up
Hot start up
May 14 3 2 6:00 PM 2:00 AM
May 15 2 2 9:00 PM Midnight
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
16
17
18
19
14
15
16
17
18
19
- No Burning
3 28
2
2
0
1
2
2
0
3
2
3-4
ND
2
2
2
h
2-
8
6
1
9
9
-.00
:15
-.00
-.00
:00
:30
Noon,
8
9
:00
:00
PM
PM
.PM
PM
AM
AM
8 PM
AM
AM
Midnight
Midnight
3
4
9
2
-.00
:00
:00
ND
:00
ND
ND
AM
PM
PM
AM
Smoke dovnwash outside of
the house during startup
Smoke in room during
refueling
Smoke haze outside
Small fire
ND - No Data
16
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Table 6
Residential Wood Combustion
Indoor Sampling Program
Climatological Conditions Summary*
Day
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Maximum
68
65
66
66
76
64
56
63
64
63
60
61
Temperature (°F}
Minimum
43
50
45
49
42
48
45
47
50
52
51
52
Average
56
58
56
58
59
56
51
54
57
58
56
57
Degree Days
Heating
(Base 65° F)
9
7
9
7
6
9
14
11
8
7
9
8
Average
Wind Speed (7,
(Ml'll)
8.9
13.9
10.4
9.3
5.7
7.2
7.5
7.4
7. 1
6.7
4.8
6.5
Sunsh Ine
of Possible)
80
88
92
87
92
62
51
78
62
56
35
49
No
BurnJ ng
Period
Burning
Period
* NWS Station, Portland Airport
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Table 7
Summary of
Wood Use For
Households with Wood Stoves
(February, 1981)
Portland Seattle Spokane
Cords Burned (Mean)4- 0.52 ± 0.59 0.43 ± 0.36 0.. 89 ± 1.02
Hours of Operation (Mean) 231 ± 195 219 i 1±9 310 ± 225
Kg burned/day (8 hours)* 23 21 31
Kg burned/day (15 hours)* 45 39 - 53
Kg burned/day during indoor 14.5**
Sampling period
* Estimate assuming 20% moisture content Douglas Fir
t Based on wood use survey results, Task 2B
** Average rate of wood use, (see Table 4)
The quantity of wood burned per day during the indoor sampling period
(Table 4) was approximately 60% of the 8 hour wood use rate identified during
the February wood use survey (Task 2B) in Portland.
Personal exposure and indoor aerosol concentrations reported in this study
should, therefore, be considered in light of the moderate weather conditions
and fuel use that occurred during the sampling period.
4.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL DESIGN
Air sampling was conducted in each home using low volume samplers operating
for a 24 hour period at a flow rate of 70 1pm. The inlet cut point of the
sampler is approximately 30 um, mass median aerodynamic diameter. The sampler
intake was located at a height of 1 m above the floor and no closer than 2 m
from the home's wood stove. Samples were taken on 47 mm glass fiber filters
which were weighed before and after sampling*to determine the mass of aerosol
* Filter weights include a mean correction of 12% to account for quartz fiber
losses caused by adherence to the filter holder gasket.
18
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captured. Following weighing, the filters were- frozen to minimize possible
PNA losses and snielded from sunlight. Sampling changing and records of air
volume sampled were maintained by the homeowner. Each sampler's flow race
was calibrated prior to each series of home measurements.
Following gravimetric analysis, each of the ten 24 hour samples collected in
each household during the burning and no burning periods were submitted for ?NA
analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The organic fraction of the
samples were first extracted using standard Soxlet techniques, followed by specie
separation on an alumina column. The ten composite samples (5 burn, 5 non-tmr~)
thus formed on the average represent the particulate material contained in 500 :TIJ
of indoor air. Seven PNA's were selected for quantification based on their
presence in wood smoke as determined from previous studies and/or based on their
carcinogenic properties. The compounds selected were: fluoranthene, pyrene,
benz(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene
and benzo(ghi)perylene.
As noted above, an outdoor sampler was collocated at each home and run
simultaneously with the indoor sampler for one 24 hour period to assess lead
levels within, and outside of, the house. These samples were analyzed by X-ray
Fluorescence. Figures 6 and 7 show the appearance and location of the indoor and
outdoor sampling systems, respectively. A description of the project quality
assurance plan is found in Appendix A. Raw data from the field program is
included in Volume II.
5.0 PROGRAM RESULTS
Tables 8 and 9 present the results of the average mass measurements and PNA
results during burning and no-burning conditions. Table 8 also lists results of
indoor and outdoor lead concentrations, and the ratio between the two values as
an indicator of outside air intrusion.
Results from the sampling program suggest that, with the exception of house
number 1, differencesin the indoor air quality measurements for average aerosol
mass and PNA concentrations as a result of wood appliance use were within the
uncertainty of the measurements. This finding must be tempered with the
understanding that the amount of wood burned in the homes during the test was 50%
to 60% of that likely to be burned during cold weather conditions (average
actual wood use was 6 hours per day during the sampling period). Indoor/outdoor
lead measurements indicate that homes 1, 2 and 3 had significantly less air
19
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oz
SUTSnot; annc ST S2r,z~: sci^oc
ST sjng'-:; do: -cs^s/Is iuTTdaE-s JIOODU-
0 sa
-------
^ ^ -"""'. s N
Figure 7 Co-locaced outdoor sampling system.
21
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Table 8
Residential Wood Combustion
Indoor Sampling Program
-Summary of Analytical Results for Mass and Lead-
Home
Number
1
2
3
it
5
Average Burn (\lg/m3) Lead (MR/m3) Averagp M««K of
No-Burn Burning Difference Ratio Wood Burned
Home Type (A) (B) (B-A) Indoor (C) Outdoor (D) C/D Per Day (Kg/day)
Older Home 50.5 73.6 23.1 5.05 X 10~2 1 . 10 X 10~' .45 |8
New Tract 16.5 23.0 6.5** 3.83 X 10~2 8.04 X 10~2 .47 19.5
Home
Airtight 18.7 19.5 0.8** 7.54 X 10~2 1.95 X 10"1 .38 17.5
Home
Mobile Home 32.9 38.61 5.7** 2.42 X 10~2 2.65 X 10~2 .91 5.8
Rural Home * 77. 41 - 2.82 X 10~2 2.94 X 10~2 .96 10.7
* Insufficient data
t 5 day average based on 4, 24 hour filters
** Statistically Insignificant at 95% CI
-------
to
U)
Tnlile 9
Residential Wnod Combustion
Indoor Sump ling Program
-.Summary of I'NA Composite Results (ng/ni')-
llnme Fluornntliene Pyre no Dun/(n)nn tlirncene llenzof luorantliencs I llei>zo(a)pyreneMlbenzniHlirnrenos I H<>n^n()>li l")pui y Ic
Number No-Burn Hum -No-llum Burn No-Burn Burn No-Durn Burn No-Burn Burn No-Burn Hum No-llurn_ Jlurn
1 0 . 1 I.I, 0.2
2(A) 0.3 0.3 O.fl
1 O.I O.I O.I
'i 0.3 0.2 0.4
5 0.2 O.I I).')
1.0 -* 41.3 0.3 51.3
I)./ 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 O.I
II. 1 - 0.05 0.05 0.4
0.7 O.I 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2
0.3 - - - - -
26.3 - 2.4
0.3 - 0.2
0.2 - 0.2
0.3 0.3 0.2
* III.-ink values Inillcnle spprle cnnronl r.'it Ion liclnw ml nl mum iletcctlon limit.
I ll«nro(l>)f luornnllinne .inil euz(n ,li);inlliraceuc were not completely resolvnlile from tliclr Isomern. anil
reflults were reported na lienzofluorantlicnes and dlbenzantliracenes.
(A) No-burn anmples from lloiuo 2 consisted of 3, 24 hour samples duo to power failure.
(II) No-luirn samples from Home S consisted of 2, 24 hour samples due to equipment failure.
Tin- in I nl mom iletccLnlile COIK cntrnt l»n for f luoranthene, pyrene, l>enz(n)en7.o(n)pyreue wns approx Imnto ly .05 fiR/m . The minimum detectable concentrnt ion for betizo(Khl)pery leite
and d I henznulhrarencn wnfl nppf<»xlmntnl y .1 ng/m .
-------
intrusion that homes 4 and 5. This is consistent with'the air exchange rates
listed in Table 2.
Further investigation into the nature of the indoor exposure concentrations
in house //I was conducted to determine the cause of the marked increase in
aerosol mass and PNA concentrations during wood stove use; the cause was deter-
mined to be due to excessive fugitive emissions entering the room as a result
of inadequate stove maintenance and/or design. Results are discussed below.
6.0 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
Few studies of indoor exposure to residential wood smoke have been conducted
to date, but some useful comparison can be made. Table 10 summarizes the results
of several recent studies involving the use of wood stoves or fireplaces.
Respirable suspended particulates (<3.5ym) were measured for varying periods of
time. Two of the investigations simultaneously sampled outdoor ambient levels.
In all the homes where outdoor measurements were made, the indoor concentrations
were higher than the outdoor values.
Benton, et.al., measured the concentration of respirable aerosol (<3.5um)
in five rural Kansas homes using wood fuel. Condensible organic species were
characterized by gas chromatography. Respirable particulate levels during the
wood burning period were found to average 33 yg/m3 for a 12-hour period and
range upward to 66 Ug/m3- These results indicate aerosol concentrations higher
than those found during this study, possibly due to the quantity of wood burned,
the nature of wood burning appliances used or experimental design. It is important
to note that the length of the sampling period (in this study 24 hours) is likely
to have a significant impact on the measured emissions due to the averaging effect
of the sample time. For example, for a given day (24-hour period) during which a
wood stove is used for 8 hours, one would reasonably expect an 8-hour air sample
taken simultaneously with the 8 hours of stove operation to yield a higher emis-
sion level (ng/m3) than a sample taken over the entire 24-hour period. Consequently,
both the sampling procedure and the amount of appliance usage is likely to affect
the results.
Spengler's studies of day-to-day variation in indoor air quality and its
relationship to specific household activities emphasizes the importance of
cooking, smoking and fireplace use. The following excerpt serves as an example:
24
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Indoor-Outdoor
Table 10
Respirable Particulace Concentrations
Woodburner
Study ~ ~ in
Home
6
Spengler No
No
Yes
Yes
Benton5 Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
GEOMET ? ' 8 Yes
NO6
Yes
No6
Yes
No6
(W)
(F)
(W)
(F)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(F)
(F)
No. of
Days
Sampled
25
30
30
30
2
2
2
2
2
14
14
1
14
1
' 14
Outdoor
Concentration
(yg/m3)
11.5(2.4-22.7)
10.9(2.4-18.3)
12.5(4.8-24.0)
10.3(3.7-21.6)
NDC
ND
ND
ND
ND
34.2(22.6-57.6)
27.4(13.9-53.7)
30.3
14.0(7.3-21.8
6.0
17.9(7.7-30.5)
Indoor
b
Concentration
(Ug/m3)
15.2(8.4-23.
20.9(7.6-72.
27.5(8.4-60.
17.9(7.6-61.
24-66d
34-40d
33-37d
37d
12-20d
49.0(14.3-72
28.0(23.9-31
159.9
40.9(21.7-66
67.6
0)
4)
3)
8)
.5)
.6)
.9)
18.8(6.3-39.0)
(W) - woodstove, (F) fireplace
The concentration range is in parentheses.
ND - not determined
12 hr. sampling time per day
This is the same residence as 'the entry directly above, except the
woodburner is not in operation.
25
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"Before turning to the analysis of the data, it is interesting
to look, at the data for the individual homes to see the effects of
unusual occurrences against the background of normal daily patterns.
For (home Wl), December 24, 1979, was the day before Christmas and
several of the occupants were away. The dining room was not used,
no meals were cooked, and the second-floor bedroom was unoccupied.
For this day, the uniformity of room concentrations is remarkable.
The indoor concentrations ranged from 20.8 to 22.8 ug/rn3. The
outdoor concentration was 22.7 yg/m3 and the 1/0 (indoor/outdoor)
ratio was 0.96.
On the same day (December 24, 1979), for (home N) indoor
respirable particle concentrations were much higher than normal.
The home was occupied for 4.5 hours with 30 people enjoying a
party. The higher levels reflect activities such as cooking, smoking,
and use of the fireplace. The indoor concentrations ranged between
49 and 80 ug/m3 while the outdoor level was 24.5 ug/m3.
For (home W2), December 2, 1979, stands out for its high values.
On this day the house was occupied by about a dozen people, including
several smokers, and a turkey was roasted for several hours. With an
outdoor level of 15.7 ug/m3, the indoor concentrations averaged
60 ug/m3 and ranged between 59 and 63 ug/m3. This home is heated in
the winter almost exclusively by a wood stove in the dining room.
However, on December 7, 1979, the wood stove was not used at all, and
no smoking occurred in the house all day. Concentrations in all rooms
were unusually low on this day. The outdoor concentration was 5.1
yg/m3 and the indoor concentrations ranged from 6 to 11 ug/m3. "
In addition to the concentration of respirable suspended particulates, the
composition of pollutants is of concern. For example, Moschandreas, et. al.,
measured indoor and outdoor benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a by-product of wood and
known carcinogen, at two of the residences.7 At one residence on a woodburning
day, the indoor BaP concentration was 11.4 ng/m3 while the average indoor
concentration during twelve days with no woodburning activity was 0.6 ng/m3.
The outdoor levels were even lower.
Another study involved sampling indoor and outdoor air at twenty residences
with woodburning facilities.8 Ten residences had woodstoves and ten had
fireplaces. Concentrations of total suspended particulates (TSP) , carbon
monoxide, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), total aldehydes, and formaldehyde were determined
on both a day when woodburning- occurred and a day when it did not occur. Results
indicate a correlation between elevated TSP, CO and B(a)P indoor concentrations
for the woodburning days compared to non-woodburning days, while aldehyde and
formaldehyde indoor concentrations could not be attributed strictly to
woodburning.
26
-------
The measured indoor particulate concentration generally increased
during woodburning periods with respect to both the measured values during
non-woodburning periods and measured ambient concentrations. A maximum
B(a)P indoor concentration of 9.7 ng/m3 was measured as compared to ambient
and non-woodburning concentrations of less than 0.5 ng/m3.
Comparison of indoor and outdoor PNA concentrations by Butler found that
PNA levels are normally of the same magnitude.10 Butler also suggests that if
one assumes a normal breathing volume of 15 m3 of air per day and that 90% of
the B(a)P is associated with particles in the respiratory range, daily exposure
to B(a)P can be calculated from the measured concentrations. Using this basis,
the occupants of house 1 of this study exposed to average B(a)P concentrations
of 26 ng/m3 would breathe approximately 350 ng of B(a)P per day.
To place this information in perspective, it is useful to examine the
level of personal exposure associated with cigarette smoking. The dosage of
B(a)P associated with cigarette smoke ranges from 8-50 ng/cigarette. Wynder11
suggests, ,as a typical case, that one cigarette will deliver about 3A ng of
E(a)P to the body by way of cigarette smoke, assuming a retention time in the
lungs of from 5 to 30 seconds. B(a)P exposure to residents of house 1, then,
would be equivalent to about 10 cigarettes per day during the 5 day wood
burning period. Similarly, data on B(a)P dosage of cigarette smoke from
Bridbord, et. al., would suggest an exposure equivalent to 38 cigarettes/day.12
The B(a)P concentrations measured in his study can also be compared to
measured ambient air concentrations in the Pacific Northwest. In the late
1970's, annual average concentrations of B(a)P ranged from 2.3 to 4.8 ng/m3
in Portland, Eugene and Medfoird. The highest quarterly composite measured
was 8.2 ng/m3 in Medford during 1968. Current concentrations in Oregon are
not known, but trends in the organic content of air samples indicate that
B(a)P concentrations may be increasing.13
27
-------
Other comparison of indoor PNA concentrations measured in houses 2-5
(0.2-0.3 ng/m3) with annual average B(a)P concentrations in Pacific Northwest
cities, suggests that indoor concentrations during the' sampling period were
significantly lower than the annual mean. The indoor sample concentrations,
however, represent a 6 day average concentration during a period of relatively
good ventilation, mild temperatures and low space heating demand. Consequently,
direct comparison of the indoor concentrations with annual mean values is
difficult. Butler, however, reported data for simultaneously measured indoor and
outdoor PNA concentrations in Birmingham, U, K. Table 11 summarizes the results
obtained by Butler, et. al.
Table 11
Comparison of Indoor and Outdoor
PNA Concentration in Birmingham, U. K.
(ng/m3)
Outside Inside
TSP ' 47.5 ± 13.2 56.0 ± 41.3
Pyrene 2.62 ± 1.42 1.32 ± 1.41
Chrysene 4.56 ± 2.19 3.98 t 3.31
B(a)P 2.88 ± 0.54 2.10 ± 1.88
B(e)P 2.19 ± 0.95 2.28 ± 2.16
Coronene 0.92 ± 0.38 0.43 ± 0.24
Butler's results indicated that indoor and outdoor concentrations
were similar within the range of experimental uncertainty.
Investigation into the cause of the increase in aerosol mass and PNA
concentration at house 1 indicated that visible smoke leakage from the charging door
during appliance loading and operation was caused by partial blockage of the flue
28
-------
by wood ash and creosote. Other smoke leakage around the metal-to-metal
fitting between the stove exit pipe and the sheet metal sealing the fireplace
opening is also likely. The stove-front glass window of the appliance was
covered with creosote, testifying to the smoke leakage. As a result,
concentrations measured in home 1 are markedly higher than other homes
included in the survey, exceeding typical ambient concentrations by a factor
of ten.
7.0 PROGRAM CONCLUSIONS
The program results indicate that indoor exposure to occupants of wood
burning households is likely to be highly dependent upon the operation, main-
tenance and design of the appliance used in the home. Concentrations of aerosol
mass and PNA species within homes equipped with well maintained wood stoves
that had no associated fugitive wood smoke emissions were not significantly
different during periods of wood burning when compared to similar periods of
no wood burning. These conclusions are, however, predicated on program results
obtained during a period of very moderate weather conditions and associated
space heating requirements. Had the field program taken place during a period
of colder weather, the amount of wood burned per household would probably have
increased by a factor of two or three. There is no direct evidence, however,
to suggest that an increase in the rate of wood burned or frequency of wood
stove use would result in a proportional increase in mass or PNA concentration.
However, since the samples were obtained over a complete 24-hour period (as
opposed to air samples coinciding only with the exact time of wood stove use),
one would reasonably expect that as the period of wood stove usage increases
the measured average emissions would also increase (e.g., 24-hour average
emissions measured during a 24-hour period with 20 hours of wood stove use
would be expected to be higher than a 24-hour average emission measured during
a 24-hour period with only 4 hours of stove usage).
The most important finding of Task 7 was the high level of indoor PNA
exposure associated with the use of wood burning appliances that leak smoke
because of design deficiencies, poor maintenance, faulty installation, or
29
-------
improper operation. Recent surveys of Portland households indicate that about
5-15% of the urban area households used wood as a primary heat source and that
about 50% of urban households burn wood as a secondary heat source or for
aesthetic reasons.
As the popularity of wood as a space heating fuel increases, and wood
burning appliances become older, the potential for public indoor exposure from
leaky appliances will grow increasingly important. The potential risk to the
public health will depend upon the number of appliances in use and the severity
of emission leakage into the home. Since no information is available upon
which to judge the likely extent of this problem within the 253,000 Portland
households that burn wood, further assessment of the possible extent of
public health risk cannot be addressed until additional information is
available.
30
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REFERENCES
i- D.G. DeAngelis, et. al., "Source Assessment: Residential Combustion
of Wood", U.S. EPA 600/2-80-042b, 1980.
M.H. Sherman, et. al., "Air Infiltration Measurement Techniques"
Lawrence Berkley Laboratory Report //LBL-10705, 1980.
3' Dr. BahnFleth, et. al., "Measurement of Infiltration in Two
Residences", ASHRAE transactions, volume 63, 1980.
k' D.T. Grimsrud, et. al., "Calculating Infiltration: Implications for
a Construction Quality Standard" Lawrence Berkley Laboratory
Report tfLBL 94146.
5' G. Benton, D. Miller, M. Reimold and R. Sisson, "A Study of Occupant
Exposure.to Particulates and Gases from Woodstoves in Homes":
Proceedings of the 1981 International Conference on Residential Solid
Fuels, June 1981.
6' J.D. Spengler and C. Ju, "Room-to-Room Variations in Concentration
of Respirable Particulates in Residences," Environmental Science &
Technology, Vol. 15, No. 5, May 1981.
7' D. Moschandraes, et. al., "Residential Indoor Air Quality and Wood
Combustion," GEOMET Technologies, Inc., Rockville, MD.
8< D.J. Moschandraes, et. al., "The Effects of Woodburning on the
Indoor Residential Air Quality," Environment International,
Vol. 4, pp. 463-468, 1980
9' D.J. Moschandraes, et. al., "The Effects of Woodburning on Indoor
Pollutant Concentrations," Paper No. 81-22.2, presented at the
1981 Air Pollution Control Association Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA,
June 21-26, 1981.
10' J.D. Butler and P. Crossley, "An Appraisal of Relative Airborne
Suburban Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Monitored
Indoors and Outdoors", The Science of the Total Environment, Elsevier
Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam (1979).
11' E.I. Wynder and D. Hoffman, Advances in Cancer Research: Vol 8,
Academic Press, New York, 1964.
12 * K. Bridbord, etl al., "Human Exposure to Polynuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbons" Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Metabolism
and Carcinogenesis. Vol. I., Raven Press, New York, 1976.
13' "Coal Health Effects Review Committee Summary Report to the Oregon
Department of Environmental Quality", April, 1981.
31
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Appendix A
Procedures:
Sampling and Analysis to Determine the
Contribution of Residential Wood Combustion
Emissions to Indoor Hazardous Particulate Pollutant Levels
-------
I. Introduction
Indoor inhalable concentrations of particulate mass, polynuclear aromatic
compounds (PNA) and lead will be measured in five homes. Outdoor inhalable
lead concentration will also be measured at each of the five home sites. To
calculate ambient concentration levels the following parameters must be
determined: (1) the volume of air sampled, (2) the total mass of particulates
collected, (3) the mass of lead collected and, (4) the mass of specific
polynuclear aromatic compounds which were collected. A description of the
quality assurance measures which will be taken in the determination of each of
those four parameters is presented here. In addition, a section on (1) sample
transport and processing and (2) data handling and reporting is also included.
II. Sample Transport and Processing
Preweighed 47 mm glass fiber filters (Pallflex Products Corp., Type 2500QAO,
ref. No. 37970) will be placed into Nucleopore Aerosol Holders (stock No. 430400).
, Prior to positioning the filters into the aerosol holders > a Nucleopore drain
disk (stock No. 231100) will be placed over the filter holding grid to insure
uniform flow characteristics across the filter and to prevent the filter from
adhering to the "0" ring seal gasket of the holder. All filter processing
(except weighing) will be performed in an Atmos-Tech Industries laminar flow
hood. Each filter holder will be labeled with its corresponding filter number.
Each filter holder will be wrapped in a plastic bag to prevent contamination
and a plastic cap will be placed over them for mechanical protection. The
filter holders will be placed in a specially constructed sample transport box
which holds the filter holders upright and in numerical order. When the filter
holders are removed from the sample transport boxes for use the plastic bag
and cap are removed and placed in the. sample transport boxes. The plastic bag
and cap are put back on the filter holder after the 24 hour sample is collected and
the filter holders containing the loaded filters are replaced in their original
position in the sample transport box. The filters are never directly handled
in the field. A "Tip-n-Tell" indicator (Specification Pkg., Corp.) will be
placed on the sample transport boxes to provide a record if the sample transport
boxes were inverted or mishandled. Five filters plus two blanks (in holders)
will be placed in each sample transport box for each home study period. Log-in
A-l
-------
and log-out records will be raaintained for the sample transport: boxes. Upon
receipt at NEA Laboratories, the loaded filters will be removed from their
holders with forceps, weighted, placed in Nucleopore petri dish slides
(stock No. ?D 1504700) and stored upright in a freezer at -10°C for subsequent
analysis.
III. Mass Determination
The weight of filters will be determined before and after sample collection
with a Cahn 27 Automatic Electrobalance. Quality control is maintained by
checking calibration and tare weight after every 20 filters are weighed. If
weights are off by more than ± .040 mg the entire set is reweighed. Additionally
after every set of 20 filters, 3 are chosen at random for reweighing. If their
weights are not within ± 50 ug of the original value, the entire set of 20 must
be reweighed. Filters will be handled only with forceps and will be placed
into numbered Nucleopore petri dish slides after weighing. Filters will be
transferred from the petri dish slides to the filter holders in the laminar
flow hood. The numbered petri dishes will be retained for reuse with the same
filter after samples have been collected and the loaded filters are weighed.
IV. Sample Volume Measurement
Each- lo-vol sampler will be equipped with VDOOTA Vacuum gauge (liquid
filled, 0-30 in. Hg pressure range) with a 24% accuracy (manufacturer's
specifications). One vacuum reading will be made when each 24 hour run is
initiated, one at the end of the run when the filter is fully loaded and an
intermediate measurement will also be taken. This procedure will be repeated
for each filter. Before the lo-vol samplers are taken into the field and
after the study is completed and the samplers are returned to NEA Laboratories'
facilities, a flow rate versus pressure drop calibration curve will be
constructed for each lo-vol sampler unit. An artificial pressure drop will be
produced by putting an Alkon J valve in the position where the filter holder
would normally attach. The flow rate through the system will be measured at
various vacuum levels (as measured by the in line (VDOOTA vacuum gauge) with a
Kurz Instruments Inc. Model 544 mass flow meter. The accuracy of the flow
meter is 2% FS and its precision is 0.25% FS (manufacturer's specifications).
A Cast vacuum pump model 0822-V103-G271X will be used in the lo-vol
sampler. The pump pulls a maximum of 26 in. Hg vacuum (zero flow).
Prior to installing the lo-vol sampler in the field the inlet will
A-2
-------
be plugged and a vacuum measurement will be made to insure that the pumps are
fully operational and that there are no leaks in the system. Because an
integrated volume must be calculated (the product of the mean flow rate and
time) an upper limit of 15 minutes of uncertainty over a 24 hour period will
be assigned (1.04%). A more accurate uncertainty value can not be estimated
as each individual home resident will be responsible for recording the sampling
periods and changing filter holders. It should be noted that the
change in pressure drop between clean and fully loaded filters is expected
to be small as will the corresponding change in flow rate. The change in flow
rate will be assumed to be linear with time. The validity of this assumption
and the uncertainty in the integrated volume values will be discussed in the
final report after the study data is compiled and evaluated.
V. Lead Measurement - X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis
Much of the quality assurance of the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis
method is built into the XHF standard operating procedures manual. The filters
are loaded and unloaded into specially machined acrylic holders for direct
insertion into x-ray spectrometer. The filter holder loading is conducted in the
laminar flow hood to prevent possible contamination. The filters themselves are
handled with forceps at the edge of the filter, out of the deposit and analysis
area.
To prevent confusion in identification of the samples during analysis
uniform sample loading and ID number recording procedures will be followed.
*
Sample ID numbers are recorded on a log sheet indicating analysis position. The
samples are loaded into holders labeled with the appropriate analysis position.
During unloading, the sample ID numbers and analysis position numbers are checked
against the log sheet.
Calibration of the instrument is by thin film standards prepared by
Micrommater, Inc., Seattle, WA., and by multielement solution deposited standards
prepared by Columbia Scientific Industries, Austin, TX. The solution deposited
standards are corrected for absorption effects.
Inter-laboratory comparison is an essential part of XRF analysis quality
assurance. NEA recently participated in a comparison of polymer film standards
prepared by Thomas Dzubay, EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC. Seven other
laboratories participated in the comparison and analysis techniques other than
A-3
-------
energy dispersive XRF were used. These included instrumental neutron activation
analysis, optical spectroscopy and wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence.
NEA currently is doing the quality assurance analysis of dichotomous
sampler filters from the EPA's Inhalable Particulate Monitoring Network.
Other recent inter-laboratory comparisons include one with the Oregon Graduate
Center, Beaverton, OR., for analysis of air filters by XRF.
NEA routinely and frequently does inter-method comparisons with instrumental
neutron activation analysis. This completely independent method provides
inter-method comparison for about 20 elements.
For each XRF analysis batch of ten samples, a quality control standard is
analyzed. Measured concentrations of the quality control standard, which
contains several key elements, are compared with actual concentrations. If the
deviation is more than ± 2%, all samples of that run must be reanalyzed. The
results of the quality control standard over a number of runs provides a measure
of the XRF analysis precision. If the results show a trend in drift, recalibration
is required.
Finally, several elements, including K, Ca, Fe, As, Br and Pb are measured
under more than one of the three excitation conditions normally used for each
run. Results of these elements are compared for each of the excitation
conditions under which they .are measured. If agreement is not within the
calculated uncertainties, the sample must be analyzed again.
VI. Neutron Activation Analysis
Phase I
Quality assurance for neutron activation analysis is achieved by running
blind standards as part of the analysis program. These standards are National
Bureau of Standards (NBS), United States Geological Survey (USGS) and Inter-
national Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Standards, as well as liquid standards
prepared by NEA Laboratories. Urban particulate matter - NBS Standard Reference
Material (SRM) # 1648, IAEA-Soils SRM and USGS BRC-1 SRM are the primary
standard reference materials used by NEA Laboratories. It should also be noted
that NBS, USGS and IAEA have a wide variety of standard reference materials
which are used randomly but at a lower frequency than the above named primary
standard reference materials as part of the NEA Laboratories quality assurance
program. The blind standards have a two-fold function: (1) to serve a check
on the calibration of the instrument and (2) to monitor instrument drift
throughout the period in which samples are analyzed. These standards are run at
a frequency of 1 in every 14 samples.
A-4
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Phase II
Phase II consists of the intercomparison of neutron activation analysis
and x-ray fluorescence analysis. Elements such as bromine and manganese
which have low detection limits and a high degree of precision with both methods
are used to assess the relative accuracy of the two techniques and as a check
for determinate errors.
VII. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Measurement
The polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PNA) content of composite samples
will be determined by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Composite samples
composed of 4^5 filters (4 filter will be dedicated for lead analysis) collected
during each sampling period will be extracted and concentrated by standard
procedures (e.g., Soxhlet extraction followed by separation and an al.tm-j.rifl
column and solvent removal). One blank and two blanks spiked with commercially
available standard PNA compounds (available suppliers include RPR Corp. and
Chem, Services) will be run with each group of ten samples. In addition
surrogate standard compounds will be added to each sample, standard and blank.
Anthracene-dio, fluroanthracene and pyrene-di2 (available from PCR, Inc.) are
several surrogate standard compounds which will be considered for usage.
Spectra validation tests,' instrument detection limit tests and systems
stability tests will be performed as outlined in: Performance Test for the
Evaluation of Computerized GC/MS Equipment and Laboratories, U.S. EPA
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Office of Research and
«
Development, 1980. Tests will include an instrument stability check and
response to a standard compound such as decafluortriphenylphosphine.
VIII. Data Handling and Reporting
Routine audits will be performed on all data reduction and compilation
procedures. All data will be entered into bound laboratory notebooks or
standardized pre-printed data sheets with ink. Data terminology will be
consistent with that developed by the American Chemical Society and the
American Society for Quality Control Usuage. 1>2 A photocopy of raw data will
be included as an appendix in the final report.
1 "Guide for Measure of. Precision and Accuracy", Anal. Chem. , V.33, P.480, 1961
2 "Glossary of General Terms Used in Quality Control," Quality Progress,
Standard Group of the Standards Committee, ASQC, II (7), pp 21-2, 1969
A-5
-------
A STUDY OF
RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION
Task 7
Indoor Residential Sampling Program
Volume 2
Part 1: Study Introduction and Instructions
Part 2: Home Log Books
Part 3: Project Raw Gravimetric Data
-------
BOOK NUMBER
RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION
EMISSIONS To
INDOOR HAZARDOUS POLLUTION
^ NEA LABORATORIES, INC.
*-8310 S.W. Nimbus Avenue
Beaverton, Oregon 97005
643-4661
After
Hours
647-2109
244-8534
646-9306
D. Joseph
J. Houck
J. Cooper
-------
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS TO DETEEMINE THE CONTRIBUTION
OF RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION EMISSIONS TO
INDOOR HAZARDOUS PARTICULATE POLLUTANT LEVELS
Increased use of residential wood-burning appliances for space heating
has created a concern for potential health hazards associated with exposure
to wood combustion emissions both in the outdoor and indoor environments.
Use trends and economic pressures indicate the use of these appliances is
likely to increase. This coupled to increasing conservation efforts to
reduce air exchange rates could lead to the build up of hazardous pollutant
levels in the indoor, environment.
Accute and chronic health effects are both possible. Short term accute
health effects, exhibit obvious symptoms, however, and do not appear to be a
major problem except in atypical situations. The main objective of this study
is to assess the contribution of residential wood combustion emissions to
indoor hazardous particulate pollutant concentrations associated with potential
chronic health effects.
The proposed approach of this study is to measure the indoor concentration
of selected hazardous and indicating chemicals associated with particulate
emissions from residential wood combustion. The contribution of direct appliance
emissions and resuspension of household dust to indoor concentrations will be
evaluated with measurements made during maximum appliance use. The contribution
from the infiltration of outside air will be assessed by two techniques: (1.)
indoor measurements will be made during a period when the wood burning appliances
are not in use, and (2.) lead, which is nearly unique to the outdoor environment,
will be measured on samples simultaneously collected indoors and outdoors.
-------
STUDY INSTRUCTIONS
FILTERS
EACH MORNING RECORD FILTER DATA AND CHANGE FILTER
NOTE PRESSURE READING, TIME AND TEMPERATURE BEFORE
REMOVING PREVIOUS DAYS FILTER
INSTALL NEW FILTER
NOTE FILTER NUMBER AND TIME
10 TO 30 MINUTES AFTER INSTALLING NEW FILTER NOTE NEW
PRESSURE READING AND TEMPERATURE
AT SOME TIME DURING EVENING
NOTE PRESSURE READING, TIME AND TEMPERATURE
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
START FIRE WITH NEWSPAPER & SUPPLIED KINDLING ONLY
USE ONLY FIREWOOD SUPPLIED
'GENERAL
DO NOT SMOKE IN HOUSE DURING TESTING PERIOD
DO NOT BURN HOUSEHOLD TRASH IN WOOD STOVE
NOTE ANY SIGNIFICANT AND/OR UNUSUAL EVENTS OCCURING
IN AND AROUND HOUSE THAT MIGHT INFLUENCE AND/OR
HELP IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE DATA
-------
HOUSE INFORMATION SHEET
ADDRESS: -.
/
WORK PHONE:
"7
!l * W
NUMBER OF ROOMS:
NUMBER OF BEDROOMS:
BASEMENT? AJO
f~>4- -n "^
NAME: rtli-f*- <--' ''->
HOME PHONE: ^b * ^7-3
FAMILY MEMBERS: /-^.-^
USE RELATIVE TO WOOD STOVE: \A$eA 'i>> {67c/,t» Cs),s'f>.<»T'y }
NEIGHBORHOOD DESCRIPTION^ . " _i ,
WHERE:
S * '
roon-.
111 Z
GAS (ELECTRIC
J"<=rf
GEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION:
FREQUENCY OF HOUSE CLEANING:
FREQUENCY OF COMPLETE HOUSE
CLEANING:
LAST TIME CLEANED:
TYPE OF VACUUM CLEANER:
HOW CLEANED? T?
DUST RESUSPENSION POTENTIAL:
(Rank: 1 high - 5 low) U
WOOD STOVE
TYPE: Orlty
HISTORICAL USE IN HOUSE: ^
MODEL:
'tic-e.
r/t-c
52o.roH
USE RELATIVE TO GAS OR ELECTRIC HEAT: fJ
-------
o
o
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c* -;\ *
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C
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^
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-------
,N STREET
/Y, OREGON 97045
/
N
r I -
^-iwVJ
CLACKAMAS CQUNTY
I"--100'
SEJE MAP 2 I IE
DO
ifl lcrp'"'Q S
-------
SITE PLAN
Hous
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
WOOD
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
STOVE OPERATION Wo/"
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
4,
«
//,
FINAL READINGS
c. /-
f, SVJ
/w-
rirtjflt.it
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
».^,. A - A
over
SIGNIFICAhi .AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
DAILY DATA SHEETS
TIME FIRE STARTED:
Ho I
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE: v'e.g. , hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS: %.'1 0
*,«*..
/Cv»TTC
HE
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
>
DATE
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: JX/- 001
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
; ,
TIME & DATE: ^ /'!/%/ £.'?.T/7,;*, ! It /3> .? ^ /,' i J ,'..».. -;
/ /
PRESSURE: ~5".^
TEMPERATURE: (0 /~' fe "7 T
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
~T
TIME FIRE STARTED: /^-^ (/~1
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
). NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME' FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
7 '
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS: ?,'
-------
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
7,'"f J
DAILY DATA SHEETS
^ . V
-
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS: ^J '
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-2 :
o
W
jj
r^ iy^
-e^v^r
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE: -'-i
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
1° r
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
FINAL READINGS
;/.;3.-.,VV
'7
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
f,
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS: /- '/ . , \
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
M
DATE:
DAILY DATA SHEETS
1 4- ' .g. , hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS: C)V
£ ^U-»» xQy/X |
x^>-»~r6£-x^
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
crp
/
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
7 /
° F
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
Oh
7;
/'
*'
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
«
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER
:DL
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
7/T£ 5/V/7 £. ;, r ~ 7/r£
PRESSURE: ~ 5". f ' Ay ~~ 7- '' "7,4
TEMPERATURE: 64° T 7 ^ °/~ ^ ^
I ;
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:x'e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder) .
j~f^e o<*.! ^-pt)^T~ / ^
VL^ r*'j'*r*.
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS: % tO 0 et,t*
j ^.Tii^n.f>on
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
7
-------
DATE:
DAILY DATA SHEETS
* *
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: T) L-'
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
- "?.
f -» ° 1^
(j (- I
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
""7,"^
7 x-?
/ £
0 ' * ^
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
-
AND -UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
^ivy n 3T7T?
TIME & DATE: "") \Q 7a,W\ . ^ '^ p
PRESSURE :
_or ~~T7»°
TEMPERATURE:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE: .
Q
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:,'e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF"LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVE
-------
BOOK NUMBER
RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION
EMISSIONS To
INDOOR HAZARDOUS POLLUTION
NEA LABORATORIES, INC.
8310 S.W. Nimbus Avenue
Beaverton, Oregon 97005
643-4661
After Hours
647-2109 D. Joseph
244-8534 J. Houck'
646-9306 J. Cooper
-------
HOUSE INFORMATION SHEET
NAME: ' .' ' >--
HOME PHONE: j I
FAMILY MEMBERS:
ADDRESS: ' _ f
WORK PHONE: '-
T- ,T r, v>>.,
HOUSE TYPE
STYLE: ,-- .^ T > i~ .^ ~ r,;
NUMBER OF FLOORS: /
NUMBER OF SQ. FEET: 1~T
WINDOWS - TYPE: iVC >-
INSULATION - HOW WELL:
VENT FANS: ,->,..=--
HOUSE AGE: '/^° T-vc.
USE RELATIVE TO WOOD STOVE: -iV=-^ ~'-1- ^ >^' 2-
NEIGHBORHOOD DESCRIPTION: rK -r:_
rVxv:ic.< ;
GEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION:
FREQUENCY OF HOUSE CLEANING: --
*"
FREQUENCY OF COMPLETE HOUSE IS
CLEANING: ^c
LAST TIME CLEANED: - -^ -~^ >
WOOD STOVE
TYPE: ^x
HISTORICAL USE IN HOUSE:
USE RELATIVE TO GAS OR ELECTRIC HEAT: 2_/
TYPE OF VACUUM CLEANER: '---_ o-i
HOW CLEANED? ' .:-<- ?-
DUST RESUSPENSION POTENTIAL:
(Rank: 1 high - 5 low) 3
MODEL:
'1
rV
-------
SITE PLAN
HOUSE PLAN"
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE: ''- . 'V
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: DLQ1.O
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE: <.: Y /"' ^ .-.- ^
PRESSURE: - ^.^ ->?.
TEMPERATURE: bQc /~
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED: /I/.-,
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
") - c^ p ' ~* " Cj
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
- ' -7
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: '. LO'~
INITIAL READINGS
TIKE & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
^
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
.;cj °l -&- ..v-
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE: ^e.g. , hot
start-up, then smolder)
FINAL READINGS
,- "i'-Zv- /»->-
-
&; / '
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
~n
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
"I
& <*'r* r/ty i?'
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE: <",-,-'//
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: '
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE :>.§., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
-^/"-), jU*»
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
fr]
la"~J
c,i
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: T)LOl
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
// 7 :<-}£) dm
- 3.9*
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
^ I II ?:/£'
-"
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIREt^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
~ 3> 75"
A-/
//1 /-' >;. .
/
~ -^ - 7~T
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
^'nnv "^L*
SIGNIFICANT AND UN '""AL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE: *> / 1
-'
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: , 'L_
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
6c r
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION .
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
W,7
- 3.
- 5-
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
u
'
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: ,' 'j.''SV
INITIAL READINGS - INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE: \, -1-j .> _ 5'l^ "/'"
.., / / w< . ^i_i_ .,
PRESSURE: Tt I - V1 ,3 ~
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED: 5''3Q
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:v'e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
Souj
\o '
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED: //
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED: ///
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED: ^j
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
{ Li cl
TEMPERATURE: ^./-V' 7^° 67
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
_ ,. r (
' ' 4r
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS'
DATE:
i /
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: DJ-^S
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
-* a
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:v'e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
L cUtxL,
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
C" r^
' -
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE
: _£/L5/JL
'
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: U
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE: £ \ <
/
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATTOE:
INTERMEDIATE' READINGS
< .VxV .' " '
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS''
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
y/7
/ //
&
f>
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE: <" //' ;b
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE: 5/7 £ 8"-t/5
/
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE : ,'e . g . , hot
start-up, then, smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
} 2'
/|f
/O i/
Viof -h'/^ O.if«5>u^.
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE: $ I ) 7 '£> ^
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NfUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE: &if0j?j|7
/
PRESSURE: ~M.
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
TEMPERATURE: / k ° "7 ' f
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED: |J >L
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED: | QVn "?
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
CI
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:-
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
- f 0
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder) \\ _J
-B.
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
//
?
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
BOOK NUMBER
3
RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION
EMISSIONS To
INDOOR HAZARDOUS POLLUTION
NEA LABORATORIES, INC.
8310 S.W. Nimbus Avenue
Beaverton, Oregon 97005
643-4661
After Hours
647-2109
244-8534
646-9306
D. Joseph
J. Houck
J. Cooper
-------
HOUSE INFORMATION SHEET
NAME:
HOME PHONE: 2.MH- \"1 3 7
FAMILY MEMBERS: -1 _ -i '
ADDRESS:
WORK PHONE
S.\O
FT D
HOUSETYPE
STYLE:
NUMBER OF FLOORS: \
NUMBER OF SQ. FEET: 14^0
WINDOWS - TYPE: OoolLE ?flV>£
INSULATION - HOW WELL: ^EUt
VENT FANS: Z.
HOUSE AGE: \l
HOUSE HISTORY:
NUMBER OF ROOMS: 7
NUMBER OF BEDROOMS: 3
BASEMENT? ^o
u 1
V* SPflc £
WHERE: V.x-VcHe*a
COOKING STOVE:
GAS
HEATING SYSTEM OTHER THAN WOOD STOVE: fHB«i-!«Uc
USE RELATIVE TO WOOD STOVE: ft f*
NEIGHBORHOOD DESCRIPTION:
GEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION: f*YT
FREQUENCY OF HOUSE CLEANING :
FREQUENCY OF COMPLETE HOUSE
CLEANING:
LAST TIME CLEANED: \v*
WOOD STOVE
TYPE:
HISTORICAL USE IN HOUSE:
t vof vK£.wT - 1-MS 9u C i-C* O?
HOW CLEANED?
DUST RESUSPENSION POTENTIAL:
(Rank: 1 high - 5 low) <
MODEL:
USE RELATIVE TO GAS OR ELECTRIC HEAT:
-------
Portland General Electric Company
WEATHERiZATION PROPOSAL
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Weatherstripping: ... , Linear ft. NAVS Savp
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Caulking: Linear ft. of Uncaulked Crackage Save
Water HparprvfiTri/HnHtH area Temp Reset to ; . ° Save
$
Heating System Set Bade Control: Save
S
Attic Ventilation: (Will Require Bid by Contractor)
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7?p Cod^
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*~* '- . £ } kWh/yr
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WWh/yr
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ft. INSTALLATION
COSTS/PAYBACK'
/ - "" - ~
Cost S ^- -Vx' / y
r_n. / y
Cost S / v
=t. of Cold Air Return
kWh/yr POST S /
/yr
-« ^ ^ kWh/yr
V. J£X3 kWh/yr
. -> c-.r/o /yr
kWh/yr
/yr
kWh/yr
kWh/yr
/yr
kWh/vr
f'-"r
Cost $ /
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CostS / ^
Cost S / ^
Kit S / >
CostrS /
Cost S . _ / i
rnirtiinmH « nrinmnin nine inrnrn^t Total Installed Cost of Recommended Retrofit $
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> Estimated Total Potential Savings of Recommended Retrofit Ann. kWh. S
«jy Q Estimates of Potential Savings Do Not Allow For Special Living Conditions or
Family Habits kWh Savings Are Not to be Construed as Guarantees by PGE. at S 0.0
Annual kWn: (prev. 12 mo.). Est. Domestic '-'. ^- kWh. Est. Heating -Zl^. kWh. Total
/ ' S " ^ ''
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byr - -" . . Date ~^' ^" '
-------
SITE PLAN
HOUSE PLAN
r
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/ ^/£y « Vf.
V »'v ' 'i<
t /-^
* - _ . . / .
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
~ ^ ~ >T /
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
(rl
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^'e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
4 L"?
/"'I
D O
FINAL READINGS
S 4-6'(
(p
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER. OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE: ^ ' ( . ~ Yl ~
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: T^LQ -
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
'
5
5"
(T .*)
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
' * /
o.->.
3,
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER. OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
.-^ _
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
,
a SOT
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
.TIME & DATE: -, . / "2-i r',>
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE: 'e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
V
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
PRESSURE: S . 4 if
TEMPERATURE: ^^ Q LfH
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
lilllc
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g. , hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TTME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
u
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
/
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
7 I
^7
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
"7,'^cX
3.9
V /
FINAL READINGS
.
/ V
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVT... J:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: pL 0 ^~7 ^ ^
s ~i J " a~\
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
iz^STo^ "?.*©
TIME & DATE: 7 f/* A YT\ /p />,
PRESSURE: ~7, U^ ~7, Q
TEMPERATURE:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE: v'e.g. , hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED: Q
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED: r-^L
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED: Q,(Ti)
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
5"-/5"-P/
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
7 .' /£
LP *
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
"7 ! ^ 3 A
n
4:5-0
-------
DATE:
DAILY DATA SHEETS
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: QL
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
O
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
/
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
OS
'i ft
A ^
( I
^J
'/-'3O
FINAL READINGS
tf '
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: DL&
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE :
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
T
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
/-'/ J
^ X
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE: ^e.g. , hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
/6/ .' /£?
O< -' 30
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE: ~ / -
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
7 ' 3 6
5 >
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE: ,'e. g. , hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
7''!
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
BOOK NUMBER
RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION
EMISSIONS To
INDOOR HAZARDOUS POLLUTION
NBA LABORATORIES, INC.
8310 S.W. Nimbus Avenue
Beaverton, Oregon 97005
643-4661
After Hours
647-2109 D. Joseph
?44-8534 J. Houck
646-9306 J. Cooper
-------
HOUSE INFORMATION SHEET
NAME : C Q
HOME PHONE: G
FAMILY MEMBERS:
ADDRES S :
WORK PHONE:
HOUSE TYPE
STYLE : yv\ * 3 » <- £- rt-Qw~\"Ci^.vA
INSULATION - HOW WELL: fc ^ "
VENT FMS: 1
HOUSE AGE: C ^( r-.
HOUSE HISTORY: o^^ ^
C.^1 (. iV>
WHERE: V^ l
V-0
COOKING STOVE: GAS
HEATING SYSTEM OTHER THAN WOOD STOVE:
I /
USE RELATIVE TO WOOD STOVE: /_3 '"TO
NEIGHBORHOOD DESCRIPTION:
GEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION: ~T V)
FREQUENCY OF HOUSE CLEANING:
ft-CCl
,A,
TYPE OF VACUUM CLEANER:
FREQUENCY OF COMPLETE HOUSE T*-'\c_e. HOW CLEANED?
CLEANING:
LAST TIME CLEANED:
WOOD STOVE
DUST RESUSPENSION POTENTIAL:
(Rank: I high - 5 low) 3
TYPE:
HISTORICAL USE IN HOUSE: \
MODEL:
^
% \
USE RELATIVE TO GAS OR ELECTRIC HEAT:
-------
SITE PLAN
HOUSE PLAN
+P3
o
L,
17-
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: PL
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE :
TEMPERATURE :
- 3/
7
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
13
.NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS "
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
«** ^'~
,
~ J>*~
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
X <
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
/>f
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
12,
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
f^
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
70'
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
-S-,7
FINAL READINGS
O 7
- r.
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
- y-s
7X
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
./ &./&**-,
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE: J
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE: . 0 TO<=>//Z"« 'f
PRESSURE : ~ "3. S" "
TEMPERATURE: ~7 */ °
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL. NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED: .
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
U^/airf, "fl *~r<
A //{** s^oo**'- £frA+~'+~
)
SIGNIFICA!.. AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: L><-0£
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
) TIME & DATE:
7 7 1
PRESSURE: ~?,8" - - 3 .? " -3.8"
TEMPERATURE: 9 / If
i
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE: (e.g.,. hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
,/ '/-**
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED: /y
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
)
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
1
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
t r
_ 5
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
- y. 5
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
- V< V
FINAL READINGS
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
c ~x't *-'*
*-'*
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: D>- c)
INITIAL READINGS
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
- V, 7
"
-7 7
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVEOTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE: /7
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
)
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE: (e.g., hot /-^/-
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED: '/*J
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED: ^ i>-/oo
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
A f~ fz A. -*» *<,'
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE: 2 ooo//~?+74
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: Pi O b 9
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
1
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
2oiS~
FINAL READINGS
* v
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
e.
J f-
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: OLo
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
FINAL READINGS
J. OOP
-I.e.
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
"*' C
-------
BOOK NUMBER
RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION
EMISSIONS To
INDOOR HAZARDOUS POLLUTION
NBA LABORATORIES, INC.
8310 S.W. Nimbus Avenue
Beaverton, Oregon 97005
643-4661
After Hours
647-2109 D. Joseph
244-8534 J. Houck
646-9306 J. Cooper
-------
HOUSE INFORMATION SHEET
NAME: o-- ADDRESS: \*_-C \
HOME PHONE: 6^7-^x0^ WORK PHONE:
FAMILY MEMBERS : O fVO.O^tx_ ? fU L S rt £-*<- a
HOUSE TYPE
STYLE: Rvfc-6*- <^C,0"- -p*iCQ~£L NUMBER OF ROOMS : 4
NUMBER OF FLOORS: ^ NUMBER OF BEDROOMS: 2_
NUMBER OF SQ. FEET :/,£>£) BASEMENT? ^>°
WINDOWS - TYPE: gf«H.
INSULATION - HOW WELL: £-&<=> \>
VENT FANS : fc-^ & ^ "^ WHERE :
HOUSE AGE: ^~c5
HOUSE HISTORY: <5>LP eft- t^> £
0=0
r" ---
COOKING STOVE: GAS kELECTRI
HEATING SYSTEM OTHER THAN WOOD STOVE: £.Lfcc_T ^-vc_ ^«»rt.^ *oAJ
USE RELATIVE TO WOOD STOVE: Ci^ £-
NEIGHBORHOOD DESCRIPTION:
GEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION:
FREQUENCY OF HOUSE CLEANING: v^ TYPE OF VACUUM CLEANER:
FREQUENCY OF COMPLETE HOUSE ) -^ HOW CLEANED? -££->- «=
CLEANING: P<-^ ^«P,t-
LAST TIME CLEANED: DUST RESUSPENSION POTENTIAL:
(Rank: 1 high - 5 low)
WOOD STOVE
TYPE: UL£-^0-£ ^^ ^ "^ ^ MODEL :
.HISTORICAL USE IN HOUSE: I V
)
USE RELATIVE TO GAS OR ELECTRIC HEAT:
. ,NAV.
-------
SITE PLAN
HOUSE PLAN
\r\
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: Q u- o "3 ^
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
cyo TS \ IN.
Oi
_i/O l-O J 3 ^.f
TIME & DATE: S: 2. ^ S/? r-.-3-& (&*<^5
PRESSURE: 3 < O
TEMPERATURE:
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
j NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
.)
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
)
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
7
\
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
<"
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIREi^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
I. , ^k
g 3
?/'
' >
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
2- .
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g. , hot
start-up, then smolder)
:T/u
o.o^
Y
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
vA-\ G
i-O
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE: 3
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: Q L O 3"7
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE: £7\j_7_^
PRESSURE: 3-S M.I
TEMPERATURE: 6 I (p (p
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
} NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
J
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
) ^
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIREi.'e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
3, &
66
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE : S/fl] ?.'
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
f
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^'e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
/&: S>O
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
/ ft
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
JQ\'
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
ft -.rO
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: '/V
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
3 o
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^'e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
£
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE :
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
\)
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
f '. QO A *
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:s'e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
FINAL READINGS
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
2-
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE :
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
< ifO *
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE: ; e.g. , hot
start-up, then smolder)
*
/
'j. O
J &
/I -
FINAL READINGS
/*
-(lr
lre
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
.,/
-------
BOOK NUMBER
RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION
EMISSIONS To
INDOOR HAZARDOUS POLLUTION
NBA LABORATORIES, INC.
8310 S.W. Nimbus Avenue
Beaverton, Oregon 97005
643-4661
After Hours
647-2109 D. Joseph
244-8534 J. Houck
646-9306 J. Cooper
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: C
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE: V/J/J'^ ^ ' ^- \ \V.QO /.^^
PRESSURE: - ^ 3 .% "1 .2
TEMPERATURE: l( ~?. S r .5~ ! F
i
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
) NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
SITE PLAN
\-vt" L I <
HOUSE PLAN
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE :
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: "
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
i
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
\
c
-------
SITE PLAN
-2
U.
o
HOUSE PLAN
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
"- / \ "
DATE: --' <
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: p l'- '-
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
-N-
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
, DESCRIPTION OF FIREi^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
_- ,_ »->' j~* J-'f-'* "
f? . --. ..-:--
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
SITE PLAN
HOUSE PLAN
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: \
INITIAL READINGS
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
SITE PLAN
HOUSE PLAN
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: '" '. "
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE: ' - ' "'' v' -'
PRESSURE: (-- -/ '- "'-
TEMPERATURE: ^T ^ ^ '
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
> NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
i
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
SITE PLAN
-"-I
HOUSE PLAN
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE: V
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE- TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
SITE PLAN
HOUSE PLAN
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: D 1C.
INITIAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
'>
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER'OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
SITE PLAN
HOUSE PLAN
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
t
TIME & DATE : < // r
i
PRESSURE: ' - L\ .VJ
TEMPERATURE : .^"^ " /-
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
"7-'
FINAL READINGS
.1 $
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:{e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
SITE PLAN
HOUSE PLAN
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS INTERMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
~r I i -7 »-»_/> -> ^ / - O. .'.
TIME & DATE: 5/.' / /£>& -' _ 5/j ^ V ..,-.,
PRESSURE: 3. '~ ~ .'>>. H "
TEMPERATURE: ^ S^.'" /'"-' $ '*> ' ''
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
SITE PLAN
HOUSE PLAN
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER: "P U O ?<
INITIAL READINGS INTEBMEDIATE READINGS FINAL READINGS
'"//g ^/.'2^,)^ ^/'° 7'^ J,
TIME & DATE: _ _ '_"
f t ,
PRESSURE: . ' ' - 4/ ^ "" V. 2-
TEMPERATURE:
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
SITE PLAN
HOUSE PLAN
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE :
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
SITE PLAN
HOUSE PLAN
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
e
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
SITE PLAN
HOUSE PLAN
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
SITE PLAN'
HOUSE PLAN
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE:(e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
SITE PLAN
HOUSE PLAN
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
-------
DAILY DATA SHEETS
DATE:
FILTER INFORMATION
FILTER NUMBER:
INITIAL READINGS
INTERMEDIATE READINGS
FINAL READINGS
TIME & DATE:
PRESSURE:
TEMPERATURE:
WOOD STOVE OPERATION
TIME FIRE STARTED:
DESCRIPTION OF FIRE^e.g., hot
start-up, then smolder)
NUMBER OF TIMES REFUELED:
TOTAL NUMBER OF LOGS USED:
APPROXIMATE TIME FIRE ENDED:
WEATHER AND EVENTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNUSUAL EVENTS:
-------
SITE PLAN
1 3
NOTE WOOD STOVE LOCATION
NOTE FILTER LOCATION
NOTE OTHER HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES
C
HOUSE PLAN
r
i "2- °
f
V.
7
7 *-
7 7
-------
RWEZP
Tasx 7 Xau Data
Part 3
Home 'II (No Burning)
Filter Net Weight
1 3.i22 sg
2 6.978 ag
3 6.085 ag 7.iS correction
i 5.343 T.g
5 - :.5Q9 3g'
Total 24.437 mg " 1.32 Tig" ' 519.6 01- - 50.5 -g/raj
Home -71 (Burning)
Net Weight
3.800 mg
3.883 mg
7.905 mg 5.1% correction
7.177 mg
7.479 me
Total 35.244 mg + 1.32 mg* - 503.5 m3 - 73.6 -jg/tn3
Home 02 (No Burning)
Filter ' Net Weight
1 2.092 mg
2 0.591 mg 5.1 ! correction
3 0.225 ng
Total 2.908 mg + 1.092 mg* * 241.3 > 16.5 yg/m3
Home #2 (Burning)
Filter Net Weight
1 2.830 tug
2 2.180 mg
3 1.780 mg 18.1Z correction
4 1.397 mg
5 1.947 mg
Total 10.134 mg + 1.82 mg* * 519.8 m3 - 23.0 ug/m3
Home 03 (No Burning)
Met Weight
. 2.517 mg
3.157 mg
0.713 mg 22.42 correction
0.396 mg
1.31 mg
8.093 mg + 1.82 mg* * 528.5 m3 « 18.7 ug/m3
Home #3 (Burning)
Net Weight
1.883 mg
1.324 mg
0.841 mg 22.5Z correction
2.145 mg
1.872 mg
8.065 mg + 1.32 mg* t 506.2 m3 - 19.5 ug/m3
* Correction to account for lost quart filters on filter holder gasket.
-------
RWEEP
Task 7 Raw Data
Part 3 - Continued
Home -V4 (No Burning)
Filter
1
2
3
A
5
Tocal
Home rf4 (Burning)
Home 05 (No Burning)
Filter
1
2
3
Net Ueignt
3.669 ag
VOID
2.697 ag
1.490 ag
4.161 ag
12.017 ng > 1.45 ag"
Net Weight
4.954 mg
5.650 mg
2.555 mg
2.735 mg
2.499 mg
18.388 ag + 1.799
Net Weight
VOID
VOID
VOID
12% correction
r i09.3 ii3 = 32.9
9 .7". correction
523.3
39.6
Home #5 (Burning)
Filter
1
2
3
4
5
Total
Net Weight
8.398 mg
7.438 ag
7.197 mg 6.3Z correction
VOID
6.109 mg
29.142 mg + 1.84 ag* t 400.4 m' - 77.4 ug/V
* Correction to account £or lost quart filcers on filter holder gasket.
Bank filter weights before 4 after loading
7? "7 ».» t Z Z «» 1£D / l / _
.327 mg
.220 ag
.614 ag
.238 mg
.507 mg
.355 mg
.122 mg
.108 ag
-.344 mg
.371
.363 mg
.196 mg
.958 ag
.397 mg
.640 mg
.414 mg
.689 mg
Correction - 0.367 mg/filcer for 5 filters,
correction - 1.82 ag
N - 17
X - 0.367 I 0.285 std. dev.
------- |