Publication
Management
A Guide To Processes,
Standards, And Style
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
Chicago, IL 60604-3590
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Contents
OCEPA and You
Services 2
Responsibilities 2
Steps To Top-Quality Publications 3
Publishing Terminology 4
Processes 6
Reviewing 6
Cataloging 7
Printing 7
Numbering System 8
Printing, Distribution, & Inventory Form 10
Writing Style u
Graphic Standards 16
Typography And Layout 20
Layout Grids And Cover Elements 22
EPA Requirements
Disclaimers 29
Mailing Labels 29
Funding 30
Printing Regulations
Printing Defined 31
Who May Print—Not Contractors Or Grantees 31
Penalties For Violations 31
Mailing-List Validation 31
Bylines 32
Contractor/Grantee Names 32
Recycled Printing Paper 32
Use of Color 33
Illustrations, Etc 33
Employee Photos 33
Illustration Guidelines 34
Appendix—EPA Order 2200.4A Inside Back Cover
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Introduction
This booklet contains descriptions of
processes, guidelines, and other
information to assist you in efficiently
creating top-quality publications for
EPA. It also describes the regulations
and standards governing the manage-
ment and production of publications
within and for the Agency.
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OCEPA & You
Services
The Editorial Services Division within
the Office of the Associate Adminis-
trator for Communications, Educa-
tion, and Public Affairs (OCEPA), is
staffed with specialists who have the
expertise and equipment to turn your
text into professional-caliber publica-
tions for optimal communication of
your message.
Our editors can work with you to
achieve just the right tone and level
of writing while maintaining proper
grammar and conforming to Agency
style. Our staff and contract photo-
graphers can provide stock images
and location photography, and our
design and production team can
provide the correct look and feel to
maximize your message's impact
while maintaining EPA's corporate
image. When contract work is called
for, we can arrange it or help you
evaluate outside proposals. In con-
sultation with other OCEPA com-
munications experts, we can assist in
the planning, the processing, the
marketing, and the evaluation of your
publication.
In other words, the Editorial
Services Division is a full-service
operation, capable and eager to assist
its clients along virtually every step
of the way towards creating effective,
timely, and top-quality publications.
Our clients generally discover that
OCEPA's services in planning, edit-
ing, design, illustration, layout, type-
setting, and marketing are an inex-
pensive (if not free) and superior
alternative to having the work done
by private contractors. Another plus
is the guarantee that the results will
comply with all regulations and stan-
dards; thus helping to avoid last-
minute delays in printing.
If you have a message to commu-
nicate, give OCEPA a call on
202 260-4361. If a publication seems
the best vehicle for the message, the
Editorial Services Division (260-4359)
is ready and willing to provide
professional assistance.
Please be sure to bring a copy of
your completed and approved
Concept Notification form with you
whenever you request graphic, photo-
graphic, or editorial assistance from
the Editorial Services Division.
Responsibilities
OCEPA is charged with ensuring that
the Agency's communication efforts
are comprehensive, credible, and
accurately reflect EPA policy and
goals.
For all non-technical publications,
the Editorial Services Division works
to:
• Ensure that the tone and level of
writing is suitable for the intended
audience.
• Ensure that the writing is in accor-
dance with Agency style and
accepted rules of grammar and
usage.
• Determine if the whole package
adds up to effective communica-
tion.
• Maintain the Agency's public image
through application of the Graphic
Standards System.
• Ensure that the production process
is cost effective.
Since resources are always limited,
the level of scrutiny applied to vari-
ous publications will vary. Generally,
the wider the distribution and the
more critical the issues covered, the
more complete will be OCEPA's
editorial participation.
Your attention to the Agency's
needs and your cooperation with
OCEPA's tasks are critically needed
and greatly appreciated.
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Steps To Top-Quality Publications
CONSULTATION WITH, AND THE APPROVAL OF, YOUR OFFICE'S PRODUCT REVIEW
OFFICER IS ESSENTIAL FROM THE BEGINNING AND THROUGHOUT THE PROCESS.
1. Decide on form, message, audience, and desired impact.
2. Get a number for the product by calling EPIC at 513 891-6561.
3. Submit a Concept Notification form (2200-6) to your AA's/RA's Product Review Officer.
Procedures for concept notification and final-draft review are covered in the booklet Developing
Products For The Public, published by OCEPA's Communication Planning Division (202 260-5590).
4. Research to obtain all necessary data and policy.
5. Write the first draft.
6. Edit and rewrite to achieve an accurate and professional text. From this point on, close
coordination with the Editorial Services Division is advisable to minimize obstacles and glitches.
7. Design a product that makes sense for the message, the audience, the distribution method, and
your budget.
8. Illustrate with photographs and artwork that communicate clearly and please the eye.
9. Typeset for economy and readability.
10. Create a layout that aesthetically fills the pages.
11. Proof the assembled mechanicals.
12. Circulate for review by all concerned parties (see product-review guidebook).
13. Compile lists for distribution and consult with the mail room and/or NCEPI in Cincinnati..
14. Document that all reviews and approvals have been completed.
15. Fill out the Printing, Distribution, and Inventory form (2200-9) and, unless the publication is
exempt, send it to the Publication Review Coordinator, Editorial Services Division (A-107).
Forms are available from your Printing Control Officer and the HQ supply store. Once
approved, the form will be returned to its originator.
16. Deliver the camera copy and form 2200-9 to EPA Printing Management.
17. Announce the publication's availability and market as appropriate.
18. Monitor response and distribution to evaluate usefulness and predict need for reprints.
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Publishing Terminology
Banner
The name and logo of a periodical
which appears boldly across the top
of the first page or cover. (This term
is often confused with "masthead.")
Bleed
To trim the margins of a printed page
so as to cut into the printed area.
Call-Out
A short quote from the text, printed
in larger type and placed within or
around the actual text. Used to
intrigue the reader or to make a page
full of type look less formidable.
Camera-copy
The mechanicals and accompanying
art and photographs which are ready
to send to the printer.
Caption
A word or brief phrase, usually in
bold or headline type, placed above a
photograph or other illustration as a
label. (Compare to Cutline.)
Colophon
An inscription giving facts about the
physical production of a publication:
typefaces, presses, paper, etc. (The
term can also mean a printer's or
publisher's identification mark.)
Cutline
A descriptive phrase or sentence(s),
usually in small or italic type, placed
under or beside a photograph or
other illustration.
Display Type
Heads, subheads, captions, cutlines,
call-outs, bulleted text, illustration
labels, and any other type that is not
part of the main body of text. Rules
of punctuation and grammar ai<=
often different for display type.
Drop Cap
An enlarged letter at the begin-
ning of a block of text. It is set
into the copy and aligned with the
top of the text.
Dummies
Preliminary drawings or layouts
showing the position of illustrations
and text as they are to appear in the
final publication.
Foreword (Never "Forward")
(See Preface.)
Galleys
The continuous sheet of text returned
from the typesetter, which is cut into
columns and used to create mechanic-
als.
Gutter
The unprinted area between the right
edge of the type on the left page and
the left edge of the type on the right
page.
Halftones
Reproductions of photographs or
drawings through use of a screen
pattern to show shading (as opposed
to "line art").
Head-to-head
The text on the front and the text on
the back of a sheet are aligned in the
same direction.
Impression
The result of one complete motion/
cycle of a printing press. Depending
on the size of the press anc( the
dimensions of the page, one
impression can be from one to four or
more pages.
Introduction
That part of the front text that gives
the background, importance, and/or
overview of the subject of the publica-
tion. (Compare to Preface.)
Ligature
Two or three typeset characters
linked to create a single letterform.
Example— ffi.
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Masthead
A box giving advertising and sub-
scription rates and listing the names
and titles of those involved in the
publication of a periodical. Some use
this term as a synonym for "banner."
(In early newspapers it was placed at
the top of the first page.)
Mechanicals
Exact renderings of the formal layout
of the publication pages, using
corrected galleys of type to fill all
copy blocks. They are the text
portion of the camera-copy.
Mock-up
A stage between dummies and
camera-copy that often uses
photocopies of galleys and rough
sketches of artwork.
Orphan
A paragraph's first line isolated at the
bottom of a page of type. (See
Widow.)
Photostats or Stats
Photographic reproductions of
mechanicals. To achieve the
necessary clarity and sharpness over
the entire plate, a special camera is
required.
Preface
That part of the front text (usually the
first) that gives the why and how of
the publication itself. This term is
preferred to the equivalent
"foreword."
Ring Folios
Encircled numbers written in non-
reproducible blue that identify the
actual page count in a document.
Often ring folios will not correspond
to the printed page numbers (folios),
as these begin after the front matter
and/or vary by chapter.
Runaround
Type set to fit the contour of an illus-
tration or typographic element.
Saddle Stitch
Binding the pages of a publication by
use of staples in the fold of the
leaves.
Signatures
Groups of printed sheets, containing
the images of from 4 to 64 pages,
which are folded as one unit to form
a section of a book or pamphlet.
Table Of Contents
A list of the main headings and the
pages on which they appear. Should
be labeled simply "Contents." Should
not include front matter items.
Type ...
A typeface is determined by its interi-
or proportions, relative line widths,
and overall design. Typefaces are
referred to by "brand" names such as
Palatino and Helvetica. Type form
refers to distortions of a typeface-
such as Extra Condensed or Extend-
ed, and angle—Roman or Italic. (The
latter characteristic is also known as
type "posture.") Type weight means
the general thickness of the letters'
structural lines, such as light,
medium, and demibold. Type
families are rather arbitrary cate-
gories of similar typefaces (and all of
their different forms and weights)
such as Modern and Script.
Typesetting
The process of placing proportionally
spaced type on a page using high-
quality photo-composition equipment.
The result usually saves space while
it improves readability. Recently, the
term has come to be applied to
proportional laser printing.
Widow
A paragraph's last line isolated at the
top of a page of type. (See Orphan.)
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Processes And Forms
Publication management at EPA
focuses on three general areas:
reviewing, cataloging, and printing.
Reviewing
Two important processes regulate the
review and approval of Agency
publications.
The first is Agency Order
2200.4A, EPA Publications Review
Procedure. Essentially, this document
directs each Assistant/Associate/
Regional Administrator to establish
internal review procedures to provide
for "expeditious approval" and assure
"high quality" of their programs'
publications prior to release. When
this Order was issued, the printing
form was revised to reflect this
process by adding spaces for the
signatures of the reviewers, and
renaming it the Publication Review
Record And Printing Request form.
The Order also requires that
certain publications be forwarded to
the public affairs office for final
approval: documents and audiovisual
products with policy implications,
periodicals, and any "other item
required to be reported to the Office
of Management and Budget." This is
a reference to OMB Circular A-3,
under which almost all publications
must be reported to OMB.
While OCEPA is concerned with
the entire inventory of Agency publi-
cations (see next section on "Catalog-
ing"), the office is not in a position to
carefully review each of the
thousands of documents produced
annually by EPA. To determine
which publications merit thorough
reviews by OCEPA and other offices,
EPA established a "Product Review"
process. This is the second of the two
important review and approval
processes in the Agency.
Under the Product Review
process, the originator of a public-
information product (publication,
video, exhibit, etc.) and the program's
Product Review Officer use specific
criteria to determine whether to send
OCEPA a "Concept Notification" form
and a "Final Draft Review" form.
Upon receipt, a member of OCEPA's
Communications Planning Division
distributes the form or the draft to
various outreach experts, synthesizes
comments, and assists in resolving
conflicts. As part of this process, the
Editorial Services Division may
review the text for grammar, level,
tone, style, and effectiveness.
The Product Review process is
intended to:
• Ensure that Agency policy is prop-
erly interpreted and that poten-
tially embarrassing mistakes are
avoided.
• Reduce confusion and conserve
resources by eliminating dupli-
cations.
• Enhance the product's usefulness.
• Take advantage of every opportuni-
ty to communicate the Agency's
priorities and themes.
A full explanation of the Product
Review process is given in a booklet
titled Developing Products For The
Public: A Handbook For EPA Communi-
cators. For copies of the Product-
Review forms, call the Communica-
tions Planning Division on
202 260-5590.
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Cataloging
EPA needs to maintain an up-to-date
inventory of information products for
three reasons. (1) A catalog of
publications, videos, etc., is an essen-
tial tool in fulfilling EPA's obligation
to provide information to the public.
(2) The Office of Management and
Budget requires all federal depart-
ments to maintain an electronic
inventory of publications. (3) Publi-
cation coordinators, communications
planners, printing officers, and others
need accurate data to make sound
managerial decisions.
EPA's Center for Environmental
Research Information (CERI) works
directly with the National Center for
Environmental Publications and
Information (NCEPI) to compile a
computer database and print an
annual catalog of all technical
publications produced by CERI. All
other EPA publications (that is, all
non-CERI publications) plus all
audiovisual and other types of public-
information products, are recorded
for cataloging using the first 12 items
on the Printing, Inventory, and
Distribution form (PDI form) — EPA
form 2200-9.
The PDI forms are submitted to
the Publications Review Coordinator
in the Editorial Services Division of
OCEPA. This person checks the form
for completeness and reviews the
keywords and the catalog description
for appropriateness and readability.
The originator may be asked for
clarifications or revisions before the
form is accepted.
Once accepted, one copy of the
form is sent to NCEPI in Cincinnati
for inclusion in the Agency's
databases, one copy is kept by
OCEPA, and two copies are returned
to the originator (one for submission
to the print shop and one for the
originator's files).
Printing
All EPA printing is done by or
through the Agency's Printing Man-
agement Section (hereinafter called
"the print shop") within the Recy-
cling, Printing Services, and Mail
Management Branch of the Facilities
Management and Services Division of
OARM. No printing can be done
without going through this office.
(See section on Printing Regulations
for a full explanation of this require-
ment.) The print shop has a limited
in-house printing capability restricted
to single-color jobs of fewer than
60,000 impressions (single or multi-
page sheets printed in one equipment
cycle). All other jobs are sent to GPO
for auction to contract printers.
External printing jobs can take a
month or more, so advance planning
is a must if you have a scheduled
time for distributing your publication.
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The EPA numbering system is maintained by NCEPI.
To obtain a publication number call
513 891-6561
Processes
Numbering System
An Agencywide numbering system is
essential for efficient tracking and
dissemination of EPA information
products. This, in turn, is necessary to
fulfill the Agency's mission to make
environmental information available
to the public
As of January 1, 1992, all EPA
publications, both scientific and
public-oriented, are assigned numbers
under one system. The system is
applicable to all products (publica-
tions, disks, films, or whatever)
intended for distribution outside the
Agency, through the PIC, EPIC, NT1S,
or otherwise.
Developed jointly by OARM and
OCEPA, the system reflects the Agen-
cy's current structure and needs
while following a pattern similar to
the one established in 1974 for techni-
cal documents.
The publication number must
appear on each publication cover in
accordance with this manual. (See pp.
23, 26, and 28.) EPA publications
without numbers will not be accepted
for printing.
Structure
The new publication number consists
of an alphanumeric designator identi-
fying: the AA/RAship, office within
the AA/RAship, publication type,
year of publication, sequence number
and, as necessary, an indicator of
volume number for publications bear-
ing identical titles.
A sample number looks like this:
EPA201-N-91-123b
The "EPA" is required for clear
identification on multi-agency
publications, computer disks, and
other items where ownership might
not be obvious. For consistency, it
should be used on all products. The
prefix does not, however, appear in
the EPIC database.
The number itself has six
elements, labeled 'a' through 'f for
explanation purposes.
a
20
b
1
c
N
d
92
e
123
f
b
a. '20' — The first two digits
signify the organization responsible
for producing the publication. The
proper code for the organization is
selected from the "Office Identifica-
tion Codes" list (see below). Note
that the larger and more complex
offices have from three to six possible
identification codes.
b. T — This single digit is
assigned to a specific office within the
organization at the discretion of that
office's management, in coordination
with EPIC.
In the '201' the 20 signifies the AA
for Administration and Resources Man-
agement and the 1 might indicate the
Office of Administration.
c. 'N' — A single letter identifies
the type of information product In
this example, 'N' signifies a periodical
These codes are assigned using
the "Priority Order" list in the box on
page 9. For example, a compilation
of Federal Register notices stored on a
floppy disk would be given type code
'C' because the "computer" entry is
listed before the "Federal Register"
entry.
The main purpose of these codes
is to give librarians and inquirers an
idea of what they're looking for before
effort is expended on the search.
Everyone seeking Federal Registers, for
example, might not have a computer
available to read a disk. The codes
will have numerous other uses, such
as allowing a computer to exclude
draft and unpublished documents
when printing a list of publications
on a certain topic.
d. '92' — The calendar year of
publication.
e. '123' — A three-digit number
(001 through 999) will be assigned by
the EPIC. The number starts with
001 on each January first and
increases by one for each new pub-
lication.
f. V — An expander to the
publication number is assigned to
indicate multiple volumes only.
(Volume indicators are not used for
single volumes. Therefore, if there is
an 'a' there must be a V.) This is a
lower case letter with one exception:
a capital F can be used to indicate a
Final public-comment draft.
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Office Identification Codes
10 Administrator, Deputy
Administrator
11 Administrative Law Judges
12 Science Advisory Board
13 Cooperative Environmental
Management
14 Associate Administrator for
Congressional and Legislative
Affairs
15 Civil Rights
16 Assistant Administrator for
International Activities
17 Associate Administrator for
Communications, Education, and
Public Affairs
18 Small and Disadvantaged
Business Utilization
20-22 Assistant Administrator for
Administration and Resources
Management
23 Assistant Administrator for
Policy, Planning, and Evaluation
27 Associate Administrator for
Regional Operations and
State/Local Relations
30-34 Assistant Administrator for
Enforcement
35 Office of Inspector General
36 Office of General Counsel
40-45 Assistant Administrator for
Air and Radiation
50-55 Assistant Administrator for
Solid Waste and Emergency
Response
60-65 Assistant Administrator for
Research and Development
70-75 Assistant Administrator for
Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic
Substances
80-85 Assistant Administrator for
Water
901 Region 1
902 Region 2
903 Regions
904 Region 4
905 Regions
906 Region 6
907 Region 7
908 Regions
909 Region 9
910 Region 10
930 Central Regional Laboratory,
MD
Type Codes in Alphabetical Order
A Article reprinted from other pub.
B Reference (Glossary,
Bibliography, etc.)
C Computer (CD-I, CD-ROM,
Floppy Disk, etc.)
D Draft
E Exhibit
F Unbound Pub. (Fact Sheet,
Leaflet)
H Photograph, Filmstrip, Slide, etc.
J Peer-reviewed Journal
K Bound Pub. (Booklet, Pamphlet)
M Microfilm, Microfiche
N Periodical (other than peer-
reviewed journal)
P Public Comment Draft
Q Unpublished
R Report
S Summary, Research Brief
U Audio
V Video
X Internal
Z Federal Register
Type Codes
In Priority Order
Assign codes in the following
sequence:
E Exhibit
C Computer (CD-I, CD-
ROM, Floppy Disk,
etc.)
V Video
U Audio
M Microfilm, Microfiche
H Photograph, Filmstrip,
Slide, etc.
A Article reprinted from
other publication
Q Unpublished
Z Federal Register
J Peer-reviewed Journal
N Periodical (Journal,
Newsletter)
X Internal
B Reference (Bibliogra-
phy, Glossary, etc.)
D Draft
P Public Comment Draft
S Summary, Research
Brief
R Report
F Unbound Pub. (Fact
Sheet, Leaflet)
K Bound Pub. (Booklet,
Pamphlet)
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The Printing, Distribution, & Inventory Form
This form serves three functions: (1)
ordering printing for all EPA publica-
tions and other printed items; (2)
ordering distribution services for all
publications, software, videos, and
audiovisual packages; and (3) ensur-
ing that all public-information prod-
ucts—including software, videos,
exhibits, posters, etc.—are listed in
Agency catalogs and databases as
appropriate.
This form replaces EPA forms
2340-1 and 2200-5. For most publica-
tions, all unshaded blocks should be
completed (shaded blocks will be
completed by the units processing the
form.) If all copies of the product are
to be returned to the originator, so
indicate in block 29 and do not fill in
blocks 25 and 28. For non-print
products, leave blocks 15 through 23
empty. If a product is exempt from
the inventory system (see qualifica-
tions below) then blocks 9 through 12
and block 37 may be ignored.
The qualifications for exemption
to the inventory system are: (a)
printing runs of less than 1000 copies;
(b) items that will be out-of-date
within six months; (c) Federal Register
notices; (d) press releases from an
authorized public affairs office; (e)
Congressional and hearing testimony;
(f) documents published by C.E.R.I.;
(g) internal correspondence, memo-
randa, and audiovisual aids; and (h)
products from the Office of Inspector
General. Claims for exemptions under
these qualifications should be made
in block 38.
WHAT GOES IN EACH BLOCK
1. Numbers for all EPA products are
assigned by the EPA Publications
and Information Center in Cincinnati.
Call 513 569-7980.
4. The desired date for completion of
distribution/mailing.
5. Use one of the following format
terms. "Flyer" (a single sheet of paper
with type placed without regard for
any folds), "Leaflet" (a single, folded
sheet with type placed in columns
between the folds, "Pamphlet" (two
or more bound—usually sta-
pled—sheets without a separate
cover), "Booklet" (any number of
bound sheets with a cover made of
paper different in weight, finish, or
color from the inside pages), "Poster"
(a single sheet intended for wall-
mounting or similar public display,
"Slides" (sets of mounted 35mm
transparencies, with or without
scripts and soundtracks), "Vu-
Graphs" (sets of overhead
transparencies), "Videotape" (used for
tapes alone and for packages that
include videotapes), "Audiotape"
(may or may not be accompanied by
a script or publication), "Film"
(movies), "CD-ROM" (Compact Disk-
Read Only Memory), "CD-I"
(Interactive Compact Disk), "Micro-
film," "Microfiche," "Floppy Disk," or
"Exhibit" If none of these terms
seems to fit, call 260-6663 for
asistance.
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6. For publications, length equals the
number of pages. For tapes and film,
length is time. For transparencies and
microfilm/fiche this is number in
package. For computer disks, give
length in bytes. For exhibits, give
width and depth.
9. The box(es) checked under source
will tell your potential audience
where to obtain your product. If
your source isn't listed, give details in
item 38.
10. Describe the intended audience in
terms of educational level (i.e.,
children, average citizen, or college
graduate), degree of subject
knowledge (i.e. none, general, or
skilled), and involvement (i.e. busi-
ness/financial, special-interest group,
governmental, or personal).
11. Describe the product in a concise
paragraph using full sentences that
clearly give a catalog reader enough
information to decide whether to
order or seek out the product.
12. Four to six terms to help
categorize the product
13. For publications, size is the di-
mensions of the folded product. For
leaflets, size typically will be 4" x 9".
Pamphlets and booklets may be 4" x
9", 5%" x 8%", or 8V2" x 11". For
videotapes, size is type: VHS, %", 1",
etc. For audiotapes size means
cassette, reel, etc. For film: 16mm,
8mm, etc. For computer disks: 3V4" or
5W. For an exhibit, size is either
table-top or free-standing.
14. Number of individual units to be
produced. For exhibits, indicate ex-
pected number of showings per year
and useful life in years.
15. "Camera Copy" refers to the quan-
tity of physically separate boards or
pages of mechanicals. "Other" may
include photographs or illustrations
not attached to the mechanicals.
16. Do not include the color of the
paper stock. For example, black ink
on blue paper is a one-color process.
If color photos are to be printed
naturally, write "four-color" or "full-
color."
17. Give the weight, color, and grade
of the text paper and, if different, of
the cover stock. "Weight" is a
measure of paper's thickness or
density expressed as the weight of
500 sheets. [Note: Since cover stock is
manufactured in smaller sheets than
text stock, 50-lb cover paper is thicker
than 50-lb text paper.] The typical
leaflet is printed on 40-lb, offset. If
using in-house printing, simply
specify "bond." The typical booklet
cover is 50-lb vellum. Available Paper
"colors" are limited by GPO specifica-
tions and contracts and exact matches
are often impossible. Therefore, if an
exact color is desired as a backdrop
to a title, it must be ordered as an ink
color painted over white paper.
Otherwise, keep the orders simple,
such as "light blue." Paper "grade" is
an indication of a paper's strength
and finish (i.e., offset or vellum). A
typical entry might be:
"601b/white/offset."
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12
18. "Blue lines" are prints (blue color
on white) made from the prepared
negatives that can be returned from
the printing plant for your inspection.
"Chromalins" (a.k.a. "Colorkeys") can
be prepared to show an approxima-
tion of the color saturation and
balance of photographs as they will
be printed. "Press Inspections"
require your presence at the printing
plant when the first sheets come off
the presses. Any of these steps might
affect the time and cost to print.
19. The items under "Run" are not
exclusive; check as many as apply.
"Head-to-head" means both sides of
the page are oriented in the same
direction (as in almost all
publications).
20. Stitching uses staples, either twice
along the left edge ("side stitch"),
once in the upper left ("corner stitch")
or through the middle fold ("saddle
stitch"). Thick publications are often
"perfect bound" on the edge—with
glue.
21. Punches are self-explanatory.
Perforations/scores must be carefully
explained in block 38 or on a separate
sheet.
22. For estimated cost, consult with
Printing Management. No cost if job
is printed in house without overtime.
23. Overtime can as much as triple
the printing cost.
28. If labels will be delivered
separately, give source's name and
telephone number.
29. Should account for all units (from
#14) not listed in #28.
34 & 35. Funding information is not
needed if the job will be printed in-
house. Mailing is funded through a
separate, charge-back system.
36. The Product Review Officer (PRO)
is the person in each pro-
gram/regional office who has been
designated by the AA/RA to handle
the EPA Product-Review process. By
signing in this space, the PRO is
certifying that the following are true:
• The content of the publication or
other information product is accurate
and conforms to Agency policy, and
the expenditure of resources for its
production has been approved by
Program/ Regional management.
• When appropriate, the item has
undergone Product Review.
• The product is being produced in
accordance with all applicable and
pertinent Agency rules and
guidelines.
Except for exempt cases (see first
paragraph) this form (not the
product) shall be sent by the Product
Review Officer to the Publication
Review Coordinator for signature
prior to production. To speed the
printing process, the PRC may
establish a system that allows
regional Printing Control Officers to
accept this form from non-HQ PROs
without the PRC's signature.
-------
IMtod «tMM Environmental Protection Agency
HHIN 1 INti, UIS 1 KIBU 1 ION, AND IN VLNTORY FORM CONTROL NUMBER —
See nstudions on reverse. Print neatly and firmly to ensure all copies are legible.
2. Originator
*!_-__.
nomS.
3. Date Submitted
7. Title
8. Issuance
D Initial D Periodical— Freque
D Revision of existing
EPA-
Mail Code: Phone:
4. Date Required
5. Format
6. Length
ney will be issnos oar PI Ronrint— Hate laef nrintaH
document — Title:
Niimhar
9. Source O Public Information Center 1 0. Audience (level, knowledge,
D Program O NCEPI— Cincinnati
D Other (specify->38) D National Technical Information Service
1 1 . Catalog Description (narrative of topics covered and points made)
13. Size 15. P
Camer
14. Quantity Negati
Other
eces Submitted
tt Copy
VBS
19. Run 20. Binding
D One Sided D Side D Corner
D Head to Head D Saddle D Perfectbind
D Other (specify-»38) D Other (specify->38)
Items per
Mailing Piece
16. Ink Color 17. Paper
Text Text
Cover Cover
21 . Punch 22. Estimated C
IH Top Left Jo Print
D 3-Ring binder
D Perforate/Score
Envelope Sfak»
Permit Imprint? O Yes D No
involvement)
1 2. Subject Areas
18. Inspections
Requested
blue unes
D Chromalins
n Prass Visit
ost 23. Is Overtime
Authorized?
?7 Diftt f^nmnlatort
28. Distribute To (name of mailing list, OR quantity of labels attached, OR source of labels)
29. Other Addressees/Quantity:
CMhar—
so. Maictaw: OiFtet OHM-
Originator /
Q Fourth D Special
NCEPI /
Fourth D UPS D Bulk Rate D Overnight D
31. E«L Po*b<|(fe Cost 32. Distribution/Mail Plan Approved (Signature aod Date)
34. Funding Numbers (Printing)
Appropriation:
35. Commitment Clerk (Funds are available for printing.
Name:
36. Product Review Officer (Certification of compliance
37. ftMeafcn Review Coordinator, OCEPA
Allotment:
Signature:
See reverse.)
Signature:
Signature:
PIC/
Custom Design (pouch) O Internal
33. Mailing Completed
DCN:
Date:
Date:
Date:
38. Comments & Special Instructions
EPA Form 2200-9 (7/93)
tepbcM EPA Form 2200-5 and EPA Form 2340-1 which are obsolete
Copy 1 — Printing Management
-------
14
Writing Style
The rules given here are based on the
GPO and/or Associated Press style
books, with some modifications stem-
ming from either common sense or
personal eccentricities (depending
upon your level of agreement). They
should be applied consistently in
writing and editing all non-technical
publications.
Punctuation
Always use a comma after the second
to last entry in a series.
Dashes should be used sparingly.
They are best employed to set off an
"aside" within a sentence, and should
not be used to set off a final phrase
unless that phrase is an appositive or
summary.
When a dash is used—for
whatever purpose—there should be
no blank space before or after it.
Do not use a hyphen after an
adverb ending in "ly."
As a general rule (although
general rules are dangerous here)
compound modifiers should be
hyphenated as required to avoid
ambiguity. Example: There is no
significant difference between
"chemical waste that is toxic" and
"waste composed of toxic chemicals,"
so "toxic chemical waste" does not
require a hyphen. On the other hand,
"a hazardous waste program" could
be interpreted as referring to a waste
program that is dangerous, so
"hazardous-waste" needs a hyphen.
When judging a term's potential for
ambiguity, however, it is acceptable
to take the context into account.
The text following a bullet, or
other graphic device used to set off
the elements of a list, should always
begin with a capital letter and end
with a period. Do not use semicolons
and do not put an "or" before the last
item. The only exception is when no
bulleted item is longer than the
length of the line, in which case the
periods may be omitted.
Numerals
Single digit numbers (lower than 10)
are spelled out unless they are used
with measurement symbols or abbre-
viations: 5", 6 mph, etc. Double digit
numbers (greater than nine) are
expressed in digits unless they begin
a sentence; but such sentence
structures should be avoided when-
ever possible.
The numbers of EPA regions are
expressed in Arabic numerals, not
Roman.
Do not number items in a list
unless the number signifies an abso-
lute value or meaningful sequence, or
unless you frequently will need to
refer back to specific items; otherwise,
use bullets or other graphic devices.
Follow the lead of Ma Bell and
company; telephone numbers are
written: area code [hard space] ex-
change [hard hyphen] last four digits.
Example: 202 260-4359. The hard
spaces and hyphens prevent the num-
ber from breaking at the end of a line
of type.
Capitalization
The terms "federal," "state," "local,"
and "tribal" are not capitalized unless
they begin a sentence or are part of
an official title.
"Agency" is capitalized when it
refers to EPA.
The terms "section" and "article,"
as in article 3, section 14, are not
capitalized.
Unless otherwise specified here,
refer to the GPO Style Manual for
guidance on capitalization. In partic-
ular, see sections 3.5 (Chesapeake
Bay, the bay), 3.19, 3.35, and 3.44.
Abbreviations
As a noun, always spell out "United
States.' As a modifier, "U.S." is
acceptable (but not in the Agency's
name on covers and title pages).
Always use the two-letter postal
code abbreviations when abbreviating
state names. No periods: "NY" not
"N.Y." Note, however, that abbrevia-
tion is only appropriate in long lists
and addresses.
"Southwest" is one word; it is
abbreviated "SW." with only one
period. Ditto for all compass points.
Do not use "St." unless you are
referring to a saint.
-------
15
Titles
For clarity, consistency, and in view
of the needs of bibliographic data-
bases, titles should be restricted to
two levels: one main title followed, if
required, by one sub-title. In refer-
ences, the division between main and
sub-title is signified by a colon; on
covers it is indicated by spacing
down one-half line and shifting to a
lighter weight (and sometimes a
smaller size) of the same typeface.
Also for purposes of clarity and
easy reference, one of the key words
in the title should be at the beginning
or as near as feasible. Therefore, such
phrases as "Report To Congress" and
"Guide To Federal Activities" should
be placed as sub-titles rather than
used to begin the main title.
Miscellaneous Style
Labels for illustrations, tables, and
lists do not require the obvious
descriptions ("photograph," "table,"
"list," etc.). Especially, do not write
"Table of Contents."
Use the article "a" not "an" before
a pronounced "h." For example: He
is an heir to a historical manor.
The first use of a temperature
measurement should be written "XX
degrees Fahrenheit" (or Celsius, not
centigrade). Further references to the
same scale are written "XX °F" or
"XX °C". Note the thin space (about
0.02") between the digit and the
degree symbol.
Spell out "percent" (one word).
Be sure to hyphenate when using as a
modifier: "five percent of the popu-
lace" but "a 40-percent reduction."
The pronouns "we," "us," and
"our" should only be used to desig-
nate the Agency or a part thereof. Do
not use them to mean a combination
of the reader and author, as in "Let us
examine the facts."
Avoid long series of modifiers
(more than two) by re-writing. Exam-
ple: "Leaking underground storage tank
regulation implementation plan" would
be considerably easier to grasp if
written "A plan to implement regula-
tions covering underground storage tanks
that leak."
Specific Terms
EPA, not the EPA. Also, do not spell
out "Environmental Protection Agen-
cy" in articles for the EPA Journal or
EPA Insight.
Our environment consists of what
surrounds us: air, water, trees, etc.
The "earth's environment" likewise
consists of what surrounds the earth:
planets, stars, cosmic dust, and the
like.
The term "waste" is essentially
plural. Do not add an "s" unless you
are writing of different types. For
instance: "hospital waste is composed of
various dangerous items," but, "solid and
liquid wastes differ in important
respects."
The noun is "cleanup," the verb
form is "clean up," and the adjective
is "clean-up" or "cleanup."
To "dispose" means to arrange,
incline, or set in readiness, as in "The
on-scene-coordinator will dispose the
clean-up crew on the site." If you want
to get rid of something, you must
dispose of it—even if you must
thereby end a sentence with a prepo-
sition.
Commonly Misused Words
Despite the leniency of some dictio-
naries, clarity and consistency
demand that "may" be used only to
signify permission, not as a synonym
for "can" or "might."
Be careful of using "which" in
place of "that." "Which" is a paren-
thetical modifier telling something
about the subject that is not absolute-
ly necessary to the communication:
"The project, which is six weeks overdue,
is still with the contractor." "That"
provides a necessary definition or
restriction: "Let's review the project that
is six weeks overdue."
Do not begin a sentence with
"However" unless you mean it in the
sense of: "However we do it, they won't
like it." Using the term in the midst
of a sentence, however, is permissi-
ble.
-------
16
Graphic Standards
Included Publications
Unless otherwise indicated, the
standards given and regulations cited
herein apply to all Agency pub-
lications including but not limited to:
* Technical documents
* In-house publications
* Pamphlets and booklets
* Fact sheets
* Reports to Congress
* Instructional manuals
* Posters and bumper stickers
* Pins and buttons
* Catalogs
+ Newsletters and journals
* Announcements
These standards and regulations
need not be applied to such adminis-
trative documents as internal direc-
tives, RFPs, and correspondence. (See
EPA Order 2200.4A, inside back cover
of this booklet, for a complete list of
exemptions from EPA's Publication
Review Procedure.)
Value And Purpose
In the mid-1970s, EPA worked with
the public relations firm of Cherma-
yeff & Geismar Associates to design a
high-quality, unified, contemporary
look for the Agency. The resulting
Graphic Standards System was issued
in 1977.
The system was created for three
main reasons:
• Agency management saw a need
for a single graphics approach to
EPA publications to help elimi-
nate the "patchwork" image
resulting from the Agency's
formation from many separate
federal offices.
• Documents were often published
with design and typography not
up to current professional stand-
ards, reflecting poorly upon the
Agency.
• The Government Printing Office
was encouraging all federal
departments to standardize the
size and format of their publica-
tions.
EPA's design package has long
been displayed by GPO as an ideal
system. The thoughtfulness which
went into its development is evident
from the remarkably little revision
required since 1977. The lasting val-
ue of the design was proven in 1988,
when the system won top honors in
the Presidential Design Awards spon-
sored by the National Endowment for
the Arts.
The value of the Graphic Stan-
dards System lies in its assurance of a
high quality and uniform appearance
for all EPA publications. It is not
intended to inhibit creativity or stand
in the way of meeting special needs
or applications. Should your require-
ments necessitate a departure from
the standards, the Editorial Services
Division will work with you to create
acceptable alternatives.
Status And Authority
EPA Order No. 1015.2A states, in
part:
3.b. The Agency will use the
Agency Identifier [logo] on all
brochures and other printed
matter.
3.c. This Agency will not use
any visual identification forms
other than those authorized in
this Order.
5.a. Organizations responsible
for the organization, prepara-
tion, presentation, or appear-
ance of printed communica-
tions or graphic materials
must comply with provisions
of this Order and appropriate
requirements in the EPA
Graphic Standards System
Handbook.
(The term "appropriate" is used to
indicate the exclusion of the hand-
book's requirements concerning sta-
tionery.)
5.b. (1) The Director, Office of
Public Awareness, is respon-
sible for: The implementation
and continuous management
of the EPA Graphic Standards
System, including supple-
ments and revisions to the
standards Handbook as re-
quired; and (2) The granting
or denying of requests for
exceptions to the policy pro-
mulgated in this Order.
-------
17
Current Version
The original Graphic Standards
System was presented in approxi-
mately 100 pages of directives,
suggestions, examples, and repro-
ducible artwork in a two-inch, three-
ring binder. In this time of fiscal
constraints, the cost of reproducing
and distributing additional copies of
this colorful publication is prohib-
itive. The actual text of the Stan-
dards—without the redundancies and
the artwork—is brief enough to fit in
the following few pages.
Direct quotes from the original
text are reproduced here in italic type
form so that the updates, printed in
roman type, can be noted easily.
Introduction
The graphic identity system for the
United States Environmental Protection
Agency reflects the Agency's intention to
communicate a strong, authoritative, and
consistent image.
This manual establishes and
delineates the graphic standards which
EPA will adhere to in all of its visual
communications.
The graphic standards put great
emphasis on the continuity and consist-
ency of all visual components to help
make EPA recognizable as a single
federal agency.
As this manual covers only the major
needs of the Agency's communications
tasks, it is intended that supplements be
issued periodically to all holders of the
EPA Graphic Standards.
The EPA Logo
The central element of the graphic
communications standards is the Agency
logo, a combination of custom-designed
letters and symbol which has been created
as a single unifying element for the
Agency's multitude of communications,
and is designed to convey a simple and
contemporary image of the United States
Environmental Protection Agency. The
commonly used abbreviation EPA has
been adopted and replaces the lengthy
legal name in areas of primary visibility.
The accompanying symbol is an
integral element of the primary identifica-
tion. Aside from the importance of creat-
ing a memorable image for the EPA
itself, the logo serves to clearly distin-
guish publications distributed by the
federal agency from all other environmen-
tal agencies on state and local levels.
The Agency logo, even though it is
composed of two elements, is one unit of
identification. The relationship between
the two elements has been carefully estab-
lished.
• The space between them cannot be
altered.
• No alteration in the proportion, sizes,
or construction of either element is
permissible.
The logo must always be reproduced in
a single color, never in two or more
colors at once.
• The two elements should appear togeth-
er at all times.
• The individual elements should never
appear by themselves.
The integrated form is the only
authorized visual identifier of the Agency
(with the exception of the EPA Seal in
certain situations not applicable to
publications). All other symbols and
logotypes that have been developed by the
various regions, programs, or special
offices are to be discontinued.
The height of the letters EPA must be
equal to the cap height of the type being
used.
The letters EPA in the Agency logo
were derived from the typeface Univers
with some modifications in the design of
the individual letters required because of
their fixed relationship. When printing
the Agency logo, use repros only.
[Note: Copies of the logo suitable for
reproduction (repros) are available
from OCEPA.] The initials should not
be reset in normal Univers when they are
part of the Agency logo. The height of
the capital letters corresponds, however,
with the Univers alphabet and allows the
logo and the normal Univers setting to
match in height.
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18
Graphic Standards
EPAlog, EPAlert, or any other
special designations derived from the
EPA initials are never to be used as
they change and distort the Agency's
correct name both visually and audib-
ly, and compete with the Agency
logo. All other special names are to
be discontinued.
Agency Signatures
The EPA signature is the combination of
the logo and its full legal name. Its
application is mainly in print advertis-
ing, television, films, etc. and for all
communication components where the
standard grids do not apply.
When using advertising signatures, it
is important that they be placed in a
prominent position within the advertise-
ment format. The signature should align
with columns of text or other graphic and
illustrative elements whenever possible,
aligning the E of the initials and allow-
ing the Agency symbol to hang out to the
left.
The logo:
x=/EPA
Typographic Organization—Covers
A major design consideration has been
the standardization of the arrangement of
cover information.
Layout standards have been estab-
lished to maintain consistency among
EPA publications. The standard layout
either groups together or separates differ-
ent levels of information and organizes
material both vertically and horizontally.
(See pp. 16, 17, and 20.) All covers
and publications pages have been divided
into either one, two, three, or four
vertical columns.
Recurring identification elements (the
full legal name of the Agency, the orig-
inating office [AA or staff] or region,
the producing unit's mail code, the
date of issue, and the publication
number) are grouped across the top of the
publication.
Format For
Identification Elements
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
20M-2017.2
June 1989
Region 3
(3PAOO)
Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory
(ORD)
Air And Radiation (ANR-464)
The legal name must always be set in
three lines as shown, with " United
States" unabbreviated.
The number of the region should be
set in Arabic numerals.
Since space is extremely limited in
some formats, the words "Office Of"
should be omitted unless doing so
would imply an individual, i.e.
"Office Of General Counsel."
The signature:
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Washington DC 20460
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19
The configuration of the words and lines
of titles is a dominant design element on
a cover. Due to the variation in copy,
only general rules can be specified for
their graphic treatment.
The mandatory specification is that
the title is to be set flush left and ragged
right (unjustified). Attention should be
given to the length of the lines. The
breakup of the words should consider
both their meaning and the resultant
shape, avoiding hyphenation whenever
possible.
Program Identifiers
To visually differentiate the various
program areas and major activities of
the Agency, the Graphic Standards
System established a separate
identification system that would not
compete with the Agency's logo.
This system consists of a specific
color for each program's use and a
band of bars and lines—called the
'Identifier'—across the publication's
cover at or near the bottom. Use of
the system is optional, but no other
identification symbols were/are
allowed.
The option of using specific
"program" colors never found favor
within the Agency. (Today, colors
are chosen according to their appro-
priateness to the subject matter and
the accompanying artwork.) Changes
in the Agency's organization some-
times require adjustments in the
identification system. As any new
Identifier is a change to the Graphic
Standards System, offices desiring
new or updated Identifiers should
contact the Editorial Services Divi-
sion, OCEPA, for assistance and
authorization.
Subordinate offices within
programs that have established
Identifiers cannot have Identifiers of
their own. A consistent image for
such offices, or for activities within
such offices, can be achieved by using
common illustrations on publication
covers. These illustrations must not
have the appearance of a logo or
symbol, and must be large enough
not to compete with the Agency's
identification system. Offices are
asked to consult with OCEPA before
initiating the design of any such
illustration.
Grids And Format
A number of specific sizes have been
adapted for all pamphlets, leaflets, and
booklets to accommodate standard paper
sizes. For each of the standard publica-
tion formats, a grid system has been
established for both covers and inside
layouts. The interrelationship between
logo, typography, and other design
elements is of utmost importance in
maintaining a visual balance and
continuity throughout all of EPA's publi-
cations.
The grid systems are designed to
accommodate all standard layout require-
ments established for EPA and allow for
design flexibility of other design elements.
The grid systems should be used at all
times as layout guides for preparing
artwork. They are not intended to
restrict design creativity, but to facilitate
and assist the complex task of the
designer and to improve production
efficiency.
Four formats were established by
the original Graphic Standards
System. One of these, the 8V4" x SVz"
"Special format," is no longer used by
EPA due to its excessive use of paper.
The remaining three formats—
8W x 11", SVa" x 83/4", and 4" x 9"—
result in the most efficient use of
printing-press paper and should not
be deviated from.
Documents intended for photo-
copying by recipients for further
distribution should be designed on
the SW' x 11" grid.
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20
Graphic Standards
Typography And Layout
The following specifications are
designed to achieve maximum
readability, as well as consistency
with other EPA publications.
Justification
Any column of type may be set
ragged-right. To avoid excessive
word-spacing, only use right-
justification with columns wider
than 14.0 picas.
Hyphenation
For unjustified type, avoid end-of-
line hyphens except when necessary
to prevent long words from causing
distractingly short lines. In any
case, minimize hyphenation to the
extent feasible and never allow
more than two successive lines to
end with hyphens.
Vertical Rules (lines)
In the 1800s, newspapers were
forced to use vertical rules to lock
their type into the cylinder of the
printing press. Nowadays, when
the proper guide is followed, the
use of vertical rules to divide
columns of type is unnecessary and
is best avoided.
White Space
Liberal use of white space or "air"
(blank areas on the page) is encour-
aged whenever aesthetics, budget,
and printing constraints allow.
Cover Typeface
The standard typeface for title and
heads is Univers. This typeface estab-
lishes a contemporary appearance and
meets the specific requirements of
simplicity and versatility. Among the
outstanding virtues of Univers is its
clarity in small sizes, its even appear-
ance, and its well-designed individual
characters.
Main titles or titles of series are
always set in Univers Bold, with the
Agency logo and titles matching cap
height. Subtitles are set in Univers
Medium. The identification elements
at the top are set in Univers Light. If
Univers is unavailable, similar weights
of Helvetica may be substituted.
Text Typeface
Studies show that about two-thirds
of all readers prefer serif typefaces
over sans-serif designs. Since serif
faces also have a somewhat greater
legibility, they should be used for
the main body of text. EPA publi-
cations are generally typeset in the
Palatino typeface. Computer/laser-
printed materials will probably be
most legible if produced using
Charter, Lucida, or Stone—typefaces
designed specifically to maximize
legibility at the 300-dot-per-inch
resolution of the common laser
printer. This manual is set in
Palatino (printed on a 1000-dpi
laser printer).
Display Typeface
Heads, subheads, captions, and
cutlines may simply be set in vary-
ing sizes and weights of the body
type, or a sans-serif type (preferably
Univers, but Helvetica is accept-
able) may be used. Univers is also
recommended for labeling charts,
graphs, and similar illustrations.
Type Case, Form, And Weight
The text should be set in caps and
lower case. Titles, sub-titles, and
heads should have the initial letter
of each word capitalized—including
"a," "of," "the," etc. This eliminates
uncertainty and the need to reset
when line lengths are changed.
Use all caps only for unusual
and extreme emphasis or to denote
an acronym.
Most text should be set in a
medium weight, while words or
phrases to be emphasized due to
their importance to the content
should be in boldface. Italics may
be used to signify quotes, cite titles,
or to put the correct emphasis on a
word for clarity of meaning.
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21
Margins for this booklet
were set in WordPerfect
at 0.625" on both left and
right. Binding offset was
set at 0.225" to allow for
3-hole punching.
Cover Type Size
For 4" x 9" and 5-%" x 8-%" covers the
titles should be set in 24 point and
the identification elements in 8 point.
For 8-V21' x 11" covers the titles should
be 30 point and the identification
elements in 9 point. For periodicals,
up to 48-point type may be used.
Title typesizes may be increased
somewhat to keep extremely short
titles from "getting lost" on the page.
Subtitles, especially lengthy ones,
may be set in a smaller size than the
titles.
Body Type Size And Column Width
Reference materials, which are meant
to be consulted rather than read at
length, may be set as small as 8-point.
Type sizes for heads, outlines, and
figures may vary as proportion and
aesthetics dictate (the most common
error is making display type too
large). Otherwise, the table below
shows the proper type sizes and
distance between lines (leading) for
each of the column widths allowed
by the Graphic Standards System.
Landscape Formats
Avoid using landscape formats when-
ever possible. If numerous tables or
columnar materials demand a land-
scape orientation, the margins and
columns will be dictated by the form
of the data. Covers for landscape
booklets follow the same pattern as
8Vi" x 11" portrait booklets, with the
title beginning three inches from the
left edge of the paper.
Standard Formats With Recommended Type Sizes
All dimensions are in inches except for those marked as points.
Shift margins as necessary for hole punch and other special bindings.
Page Dimension
Number of Columns
Column Width
Left Margin
Right Margin
Type Size (points)
Leading (points)
Or- WP Adj: Primary
WP Adj: Secondary
4x9
1
3.15
0.5
1+1
2.25
1.0
0.25
2
1.55
0.35
0.35
10
11
0.014
0.056
9.5
10.5
0.014
0.056
9.5
10
0.007
0.049
5.62 x 8.75
1
4.22
1.0
1+1
3.32
1.5
0.25
2
2.31
0.4
0.4
10.5
12
0.021
0.063
10
11.5
0.021
0.063
9.5
10.5
0.014
0.056
3
1.5
0.36
0.36
9.5
10
0.007
0.049
8.5 x 11
1+1
5.75
1.85
0.35
2
3.7
0.5
2+1
2.83
1.74
0.35
3
2.4
4
1.75
0.5
0.4
11
13
0.028
0.070
10
11.5
0.021
0.063
10
11
0.014
0.056
9.5
10.5
0.014
0.056
9.5
10
0.007
0.049
Spaces between text columns are 0.2", between subhead columns and text are 0.15".
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22
4"x 9" — Placement Of Cover Elements
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Number
Date
Office or Region (Mail Code)
&EPA Title
Sub-title
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4" x 9" —Layout Grids
23
3 1/2
All diagrams are drawn to
scale using pica measurements
-1 1/2
-10
-14 1/2-
-181/2-
2 Column Grid
1 column Grid with Title Column
1 Column Grid
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24
5%"x 83/4" — Placement Of Cover Elements
United States Number
Environmental Protection Date
Agency
Office or Region (Mail Code)
vvEPA
Title
Sub-title
-------
5B/s"x 83A" — Layout Grids
25
-1 1/2
-1 1/2
-91/2-
-141/2-
- 20
3 Column Grid
2 Column Grid
1 Column Grid
with Title Column
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26
81/2"x 11" —Layout Grids
All grids in this format begin 2 1/2 picas from the left side of the page
1 column)
je — • • •
11 i
A A
1 V V 35
Top of page
(2 column)
1 A
23 .1, 23
Top of page
(1+2 column)
11
i
I
_A
1 "17 1, 1/
All grids in this format end 3 picas from the bottom edge of the page
-------
(3 column)
column)
Top of page -
11
.1,
11
.1.
11
I±L
11
27
Top of page
15
15
15
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28
81/2"x 11" — Placement Of Cover Elements
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office [AA] or Region
(Mail Code)
Main Title
Subtitle
Publication Number
Date
f/EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office [AA] or Region
(Mail Code)
Category or
Series Title
Title
Publication Number
Date
Draft
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29
Disclaimers
As a general rule, disclaimers are not
required for publications in which
EPA is informing the public or
indicating environmentally preferable
procedures. Both OCEPA and the
Office of General Counsel strongly
discourage statements that attempt to
absolve EPA of any responsibility for
the "usefulness" of a publication.
In documents, such as conference
proceedings, that include articles by
non-EPA individuals expressing their
own opinions, a disclaimer such as
the following should appear.
The material in this document has
been subject to Agency technical
and policy review and approved
for publication as an EPA report.
The views expressed by individual
authors, however, are their own
and do not necessarily reflect
those of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
All draft documents require a dis-
claimer. That disclaimer should state
that the document is in draft, should
not be quoted or cited, and has not
been subject to required EPA policy
and/or technical reviews. In addi-
tion, the disclaimer should indicate
when the report is scheduled to be
released in final, official form.
EPA Requirements
For technical and scientific articles
which are based on EPA-supported
work and published in professionally
peer-reviewed (refereed) journals, a
statement should be prominently
displayed that the work on which the
article is based was "supported in
whole, or in part, by the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency under
contract/ grant/ cooperative agree-
ment/inter-agency agreement number
In those rare instances where a
document cannot be brought up to
Agency standards and yet is in final
form, an explanatory disclaimer is
called for. It should state that the
document had been subject to Agency
technical and policy review but failed
to meet Agency standards for publi-
cation as an EPA document. In
addition, some explanation for the
shortcomings must be included. The
explanation should discuss the tech-
nical shortcomings (e.g., the monitor-
ing equipment was improperly cali-
brated) rather than procedural issues
(e.g., the grant, or grantee, expired.)
For material produced for
independent publication by an
employee on his or her own time and
using no EPA resources, no
disclaimer is necessary unless that
employee's relationship to EPA is
mentioned. In the latter case, a
disclaimer should state that the views
expressed are those of the author(s)
and do not necessarily reflect those of
EPA.
In all cases where particular
companies, trade or service names,
product names, or other commercial
references are cited, a disclaimer such
as the following is essential.
Mention of trade names, products,
or services does not convey, and
should not be interpreted as
conveying, official EPA approval,
endorsement, or recommendation.
Mailing Publications
The Agency and the Postal Service
have rules governing addresses,
labels, self-mailers, use of the EPA
mailing permit, and method of
paying for postage.
When space and format allow, the
Editorial Services Division's layout
artists can set up a publication so that
it may be mailed without being
placed in an envelope.
Each piece of mail must have a
complete and current address. The
last line of all United States addresses
should include the city, state, and zip
code. If possible, use the new zip + 4
code. For all foreign items, the coun-
try should be the last line of the
address. The address label should be
typed or printed by a computer and
not hand written.
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30
EPA Requirements
To eliminate the need for the Post
Office to cancel and postmark mail,
and to achieve other efficiencies, EPA
now uses the postage meter system.
All metered mail pieces must have a
complete return address in the upper
left corner along with the words
"Official Business, Penalty for Private
Use $300."
For the return address, the
Agency must be listed on the first
line, followed by a complete address
including the zip code. With one
exception, all mail leaving the Agency
will be stamped via a postage meter
in the EPA mail room.
The exception is the mailing
permit imprint that allows the
mailing to be taken directly to the
Post Office with EPA's mailing
permit number already imprinted.
The self-mailer does not need to be
individually stamped. Permit (bulk)
mailings must contain at least 200
pieces of identical size and weight or
weigh at least 50 pounds. If fewer
copies of publications with self-
mailers are sent to the mail room, the
mail handlers will have to overlay the
imprints with metered stamps. If a
contractor or anyone else puts permit-
printed publications in the mail, the
Postal Service will not deliver them.
The format of the permit imprint
should be cleared through the head-
quarters Mail Management Staff (PM-
215, 202 260-2040) prior to printing.
A contractor may mail on behalf
of the Agency. If the Agency is
paying for the postage, the contractor
must be authorized by the Mail
Management Staff to deliver it to the
Post Office. Mail Management will
also work with the contractor to
assure that all Agency and Postal
regulations are met.
The mailer must provide docu-
mentation of the postal expenditure
after the mailing has been accepted
by the Post Office.
Mail Management charges
programs for the cost of postage for
large mailings. This is done by using
Miscellaneous Obligation Document,
EPA Form 2550-10.
In deciding the class of mail to be
used, bear in mind that the longer the
item is in transit, the lower the cost of
the postage. The class of mail should
be displayed on the envelope or self-
mailer.
For more detailed information,
refer to EPA Mail Management
Manual #4821 available from the
headquarters Distribution Unit
(PM-215).
Funding
When planning the funding of
publications or audiovisual products,
it is often important to know the
appropriation category of the funds
that are to be used.
The production of publications,
TV public service announcements,
photographs, etc., are deemed
management and administration
support items and are recorded in
EPA's finance system as Salaries and
Expenses appropriation expenditures.
Therefore, whenever funds are trans-
ferred to OCEPA to cover such costs,
Salaries and Expenses accounting
data must be used.
Any questions concerning
resource usage or reimbursement
should be directed to The Director,
Office of Executive Support, Office of
the Administrator.
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31
Printing Regulations
Unless otherwise indicated, all
citations in this section are from
Government Printing and Binding
Regulations, published by the Joint
Committee on Printing of the United
States Congress.
Printing Defined
"The term 'printing' ... shall be
construed to include and apply to the
processes of composition [which
includes "electronic character
generating devices"] platemaking,
presswork, binding, and microform."
Printing does not include "duplicat-
ing" (i.e., photocopying) less than
"5000 production units of any one
page" and less than "25,000 produc-
tion units in the aggregate of multiple
pages."
Desk-top publishing (DTP)
systems (and even word-processors)
are included under the term
"composition." GPO is has long been
considering new regulations to cover
such systems. Until such decisions
are made, control of DTP systems has
been left in the hands of each
agency's print shop. At the moment,
EPA Printing Management is not
involved in controlling the use of
DTP systems unless they lead to
violations of other printing regula-
tions. For assistance in using DTP
systems to produce program-specific
publications (newsletters, leaflets,
etc.), consult the Editorial Services
Division of OCEPA.
Who May Print
"All printing, binding, and blank-
book work [tablets and such] for ...
every executive department [EPA]
shall be done at the Government
Printing Office, except... with the
approval of the Joint Committee on
Printing." This means that, unless
there is prior, specific approval from
Congress, the publication must be
printed through GPO. EPA's Printing
Management office is considered an
extension of GPO.
Not Contractors Or Grantees
[35-1] "The inclusion of printing with-
in contracts ... is prohibited unless
authorized by the Joint Committee on
Printing."
[36-1] "The inclusion of printing
within grants is prohibited unless
authorized by the JCP."
[From Public Law 101-163, section
308] No funds "may be obligated or
expended by any entity of the execu-
tive branch for the procurement from
commercial sources of any printing."
[From a letter dated January 25,
1990, from Senator Wendell H. Ford,
Chairman of the Joint Committee on
Printing] "These provisions [in Public
Law 101-163] also apply to any type-
setting or other printing services
(including desk-top publishing servic-
es) that may be offered by graphic-
design contractors or any other
service/support contractors."
Penalties For Violations
Any federal employee who circum-
vents these regulations by having a
commercial shop print a document,
either directly or through a contractor
or grantee, or who approves of such
an action, will have committed an
illegal act and can be subject to civil
and criminal statutes under Titles 18
and 31 of the U.S. Code pertaining to
money and finance laws. In addition,
such violations risk bringing sanc-
tions onto the Agency that would
severely hamper the publishing
process for everyone.
Mailing-List Validation
"All departments shall make neces-
sary revisions to their mailing lists at
least once each year in order to elimi-
nate waste in government funds
caused by publications being improp-
erly addressed or mailed to persons
no longer desiring them. This meth-
od of revision shall require that
persons receiving publications
indicate that they wish to continue
receiving the publication. Failure to
reply to a mailing-list revision request
shall require the elimination of the
addressee from the mailing list unless
it is necessary in the conduct of offi-
cial business to continue mailing
publications to the addressee."
[Section 31]
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32
Printing Regulations
Bylines
Section 16-1 of the Printing And
Binding Regulations states:
The printing of Government
employees' bylines in Government
publications shall be confined to
the authors of the articles
appearing therein, and to the
photographers who have
originated the pictures contained
therein.
The term "byline" refers to any
name listed for credit as opposed to
employee names that might be inte-
gral to the text itself. The term
"author" can be legitimately applied
only to an individual who has
conceived of, who created, and who
can be held responsible for a text or
section of text. The term "author"
cannot be stretched to cover
supervisors, managers, advisors, and
other such "contributors."
Contractor/Grantee Names
If a report is generated by a contrac-
tor or grantee and published as such
without Agency endorsement, then
the contractor/grantee's authorship
should be recognized and a proper
disclaimer included on the title page.
Otherwise, all public-oriented materi-
als should be issued in the name of
the Agency and the authorship
should not be confused by listing
contractor/grantee names. This
approach is also consistent with
provision 13 of the Printing and
Binding Regulations, which disallows
the printing of "material which
implies in any manner that the
government endorses or favors any
specific commercial product,
commodity, or service." If it seems
appropriate, the contract or grant
number may be unobtrusively cited.
The work of grantees may be
acknowledged if their association
with a publication is important to its
acceptability, image, or distribution.
Recycled Printing Paper
Under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, section 6002, Part 250
(Guideline for Federal Procurement of
Paper and Paper Products Containing
Recovered Materials) federal agencies
are required to use paper containing
at least 50-percent recycled waste-
paper for printing publications of all
kinds. Litho-coated (glossy) paper is
not used due to its extra cost and
limited recyclability.
All EPA publications should not
only be printed on recycled paper,
but should display the phrase
"Printed on Recycled Paper" on the
lower right-hand corner of the front
cover.
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33
Use Of Color
Section 18-2 of GPO's Printing and
Binding Regulations cites the following
categories of multicolor printing as
having "demonstrable value" to the
government.
"(a) Maps and technical diagrams
where additional color is neces-
sary for clarity.
"(b) Object identification (medical
specimens, diseases, plants, flags,
uniforms, etc.)
"(c) Safety programs, fire prevention,
savings bonds programs, and
competitive areas of personnel re-
cruiting.
"(d) Areas wherein clearly identifiable
savings in costs can be soundly
predicated on multicolor use.
"(e) Printing for programs required
by law, whose relative success or
failure is in direct ratio to the
degree of public response, and
where that response can be logi-
cally attributable to the number of
colors planned and the manner in
which they are proposed to be
used.
"(f) Color for promotional or motiva-
tional purposes such as programs
concerning public health, safety,
and consumer benefits; or to
encourage utilization of gov-
ernment facilities such as pro-
grams for Social Security, Medi-
care, and certain areas of need for
veterans...."
As examples that do not qualify
for the use of government printing
funds, the Joint Committee on Print-
ing cites printed items:
"(a) Wherein additional color is used
primarily for decorative effect.
"(b) Where additional color is used in
lieu of effective layout and design.
"(c) Where additional color is used
excessively. (Three when two will
suffice, etc.)
"(d) Where the inclusion of multicolor
does not reflect careful, competent
advance planning that recognizes
the contribution the use of color is
expected to make to the ultimate
end-purpose."
In line with these federal regula-
tions, the use of color in EPA publica-
tions shall be carefully limited. As a
rule of thumb, if a publication's
audience is seeking the information
contained within, and needs no
further motivation to obtain the
publication, then only one color is
called for (unless additional color is
needed for clarity, identification, or
efficiency). If a publication's audience
is likely to be receptive to the
information but unlikely to seek it
out, then two or more colors could be
appropriate; especially if the
document concerns "public health" or
"consumer" issues.
This "rule-of-thumb" is not official
policy and should not be relied on
without confirmation from EPA's
Printing Management office. The
wisest course is to send a written
justification to the Agency Printing
Officer before funds are committed
for designing a publication in more
than one color. Justifications are
most effective if brief and based on
the GPO criteria cited above.
Good looks and effectiveness need
not be sacrificed on the basis of these
rules. There is much that can be
done by competent designers to
create top-quality publications using
one or two colors.
Illustrations, Etc.
Photographs, line drawings, and
other graphic illustrations are limited
by the Joint Committee on Printing to
those that are related to the subject
matter of the publication, in the
public interest, and "restricted to the
minimum size necessary to accom-
plish their purpose."
Employee Photos
Illustrations depicting federal employ-
ees must show them "actually
engaged in an act or service related to
their official duties." Furthermore, no
illustration shall "serve to aggrandize
any individual." Therefore, unless a
publication is specifically designed to
highlight employees (such as an
awards ceremony program), "mug
shots" of AAs, Division Directors,
Branch Chiefs, and other employees
shall not be included in publications.
-------
34
Printing Regulations
Guidelines
Despite the restrictions cited above,
the use of illustrations to enhance the
communication of information in
publications is encouraged. The
following guidance should prove
beneficial.
• When employing one or two colors,
photographs—especially photo-
graphs of people—look best if
printed in black ink.
• When using four colors, special
colors (such as for rules or display
type) must be specified as propor-
tions of process inks; specifying
with a system number will force a
fifth press run.
• Keep illustrations as simple and
uncluttered as possible, and use
double care in proofing them.
And don't forget to contact the
Editorial Services Division of OCEPA
for professional assistance in design
and aquisition of illustrations for
your publication.
I! c; C,
, .H. Environments! f rote-cue n Agency
Rericn 5, Libiary (PL-1?.1)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
Chicago, IL 60504-3590
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EPA Order 2200.4A
EPA PUBLICATIONS REVIEW PROCEDURE
1. PURPOSE: This Order establishes policy and
procedural requirements for the review of material
published or issued by the Environmental Protection
Agency. The EPA Publications Review Procedure is
established to:
a. Assure that materials published or issued by EPA,
including materials made available through the
National Technical Information Service, have been
developed using methodology which will achieve high
quality results;
b. Clarify EPA responsibilities for information
published or issued in the name of the Agency;
c. Provide for the expeditious approval of publications
before their public release; and
d. Identify, for external reporting requirements, all
periodicals, pamphlets, and audio-visual products
produced by EPA.
2. POLICY AND PROCEDURES: The Assistant
Administrators, General Counsel, Inspector General,
Associate Administrators, Regional Administrators, and
the Administrator's Staff Office Directors are the
responsible officials for the substance, form, and policy
implications of all materials originated in their
respective offices. These officials must establish internal
review procedures and controls to assure the high
quality of their publications and issuances. Each official
or his designee must indicate concurrence in the
publication or issuance of all materials by signing the
appropriate block on EPA Form No. 2340-1. This
concurrence includes a certification that such materials
have been adequately reviewed.
Such materials submitted by EPA contractors and
assistance recipients shall be processed, respectively, in
accordance with the pertinent contract clause or the
assistance regulation at 40 CFR 30.518.
3. DOCUMENTS SUBJECT TO.REVIEW BY
HEADQUARTERS OFFICE OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS:
The responsible officials listed above shall forward to
the Office of External Affairs for final publication
approval:
a. Any material that has policy implications; and
b. Any periodical as defined by OMB Circular A-3 or
other item required to be reported to the Office of
Management and Budget.
c. Any periodical, pamphlet, or audio-visual product
as defined in OMB Bulletin 81-16 or its successors.
4. MATERIALS SUBJECT TO THE PROCEDURES:
Materials published or issued in the name of the
United States Environmental Protection Agency, audio-
visual as well as printed materials, whether originated
by EPA employees, contractors, assistance recipients, or
consultants, are subject to the EPA Publication Review
Procedure except:
a. Congressional testimony;
b. Verbatim testimony from hearings;
c. Advance Notices of Proposed Rulemaking
(ANPRMs), proposed or final regulations subject to a
formal comment period;
d. Press releases approved by the Office of Public
Affairs or a counterpart organization within a Regional
office or laboratory;
e. Legal opinion, briefs, and memoranda, including
initial, final, or other decisions in quasi-judicial
administrative proceedings;
f. Federal Register Notices;
g. Notices of Public Hearings;
h. Requests for Proposal (RFPs);
i. Articles by EPA employees and assistance recipients
submitted for publications to refereed scientific journals
which include a statement indicating that the article
does not reflect the official views of EPA;
j. Criteria Documents and other similar documents
subject to a formal public comment period or review by
the Science Advisory Board or the Science Advisory
Panel;
k. Advisory Committee statements and reports;
1. Materials generated on an employee's own time
using private facilities;
m. Internal policy statements, memoranda, and
Directives;
n. Official Agency correspondence;
o. Publications of the Office of the Inspector General;
p. Such other materials as are deemed appropriate for
exclusion by the Office of External Affairs.
Howard M. Messner
Assistant Administrator, OARM
June 4, 1984
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