c/EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Publication 9200.6-303(94-2)
EPA540/R-94/059
PB94-921101
July 1994
Superfund
Health Effects Assessment
Summary Tables FY 1994
Supplement Number 1
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9200.6-303 (94-2)
EPA/540/R-94/059
PB94-921101
July 1994
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT
SUMMARY TABLES
FY-1994 Supplement No. 1
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
Chicago, IL 60604-3590
Office of Research and Development
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been prepared by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. The information contained herein has been taken
from final documents prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response and the Office of Water, Washington, DC and the Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC.
These documents were reviewed in accordance with Agency policy and
approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
11
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TABLES
FY-1994 SUPPLEMENT NO. 1
Prepared by:
Ida C. Miller
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Interagency Agreement No. DW89935192
Prepared for:
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Eletha Brady-Roberts, Technical Project Monitor
Patricia A. Daunt, IRIS/HEAST Liaison
Carol Haynes, Project Officer
July 30, 1994
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
WHAT'S NEW IN THE JULY 1994 SUPPLEMENT NO. 1 9
HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY
(OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY) 1-1
REFERENCES FOR HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC
TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY) Rl-1
HEAST TABLE 3: CARCINOGENICITY 3-1
REFERENCES FOR HEAST TABLE 3: CARCINOGENICITY R3-1
ill
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INTRODUCTION
This document is the July 1994 Supplement No. 1 for the March
1994 Annual Update of the Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables
(HEAST) prepared by EPA's Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for use at both Superfund and RCRA sites.
Supplement No. 1 updates the information in the March 1994 HEAST
Annual Update. When using this document, please refer to the
Annual Update. The supplements were not produced to stand alone
and do not contain the User's Guides or Appendix that are available
in the Annual Update. Thus, the user is strongly encouraged to
reference the March 1994 HEAST for this information.
The HEAST is a comprehensive listing consisting almost
entirely of PROVISIONAL HEALTH EFFECTS INFORMATION relative to oral
and inhalation routes for chemicals of interest to Superfund, the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) , and the EPA in
general. These entries in the HEAST are limited to chemicals that
have undergone review and have the concurrence of individual Agency
Program Offices, and each is supported by an Agency reference.
This health effects information has not, however, had enough review
to be recognized as high quality, Agency-wide consensus
information.
The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) is the Agency's
official repository of Agency-wide consensus chronic human health
risk information. IRIS evaluations are conducted by the Agency's
Work Group Review process, i.e., they have been examined by either
the Reference Dose/Reference Concentration (RfD/RfC) Work Group or
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the Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE) Work
Group. These Agency Work Groups conduct a process that leads to
internal Agency scientific consensus regarding health effects
information on a chemical. This information is recorded on IRIS,
is considered to be "Work Group Verified," and does not appear on
the HEAST. Thus, provisional health effects information on the
HEAST is subject to possible review and revision by these Agency
Work Groups.
There are two exceptions to the above discussion. The HEAST
also contains information on chemicals that are a part of the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) or the Drinking
Water Criteria Document (DWCD) series. In each of these cases, the
chemicals are subject to extensive scientific peer review processes
of extremely high quality.
CHEMICAL STATUS DEFINITIONS
Chemicals reviewed by the Agency Work Groups are classified
according to their status as either "verified," "not verifiable,"
or "under review." The toxicity values (other than NAAQS or DWCD
values) listed on the HEAST are considered to be "provisional."
The Agency has no official definitions for these terms, but the
HEAST user may interpret them as follows:
Provisional: A toxicity value or a cancer value is
"provisional" if the value has had some form of Agency
review, but it does not appear on the IRIS system. These
values are generated in several ways. Often they are
determined in the course of developing an Agency document
on a chemical or on a class of chemicals. Some have been
generated through the Work Group process, but have not
yet been input to the IRIS system. At the time each
value was derived, all available information on the
chemical was evaluated, the value was calculated using
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the most current methodology, and a consensus was reached
on the value by Agency scientists.
Brackets are placed around the names of toxicity and
carcinogenicity values on the HEAST to distinguish these
"provisional" values from information on IRIS. The
following names are affected: RfD to [RfD] , RfC to
[RfC], slope factor to [slope factor], EPA group to [EPA
Group] and unit risk to [unit risk].
These "provisional" values are found on the HEAST. They
do not appear on IRIS.
Verified: A toxicity value or a cancer value is "Work
Group Verified" if all available information on the value
has been examined by an Agency Work Group, the value has
been calculated using current Work Group methodology, a
unanimous consensus has been reached on the value by the
Work Group, and the value appears on IRIS.
Some numbers that have achieved unanimous consensus by
the Work Group may appear on the HEAST for a short time
until they are loaded onto IRIS, at which time they are
termed, "verified." During the interim, they are
considered to be "provisional" values that are still
"under review" by the Work Group.
These "verified" numbers only appear on IRIS. They do
not appear on the HEAST.
Not verifiable: A toxicity value is "not verifiable" if
an Agency Work Group has considered all available data on
a chemical and has unanimously determined that data are
inadequate to generate a value that would be suitable for
inclusion on IRIS. No toxicity value is calculated; no
toxicity value is available for IRIS or the HEAST.
This "not verifiable" status is noted on IRIS, and is
sometimes found on the HEAST, with a pointer to the IRIS
system.
Under Review: A toxicity value is "under review" if an
Agency Work Group is in the process of considering all
available data on a chemical. All Work Group chemicals
will have this status until the toxicity value is placed
on the IRIS system. Toxicity values that have been
withdrawn from IRIS by a Work Group for further review
will have this status.
This "under review" status may be indicated on IRIS or on
the HEAST. During this time, "provisional" toxicity
values may appear on the HEAST.
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In all cases, the status of a chemical may change as new data
become available, and the assessment is revisited.
CAUTION
It is imperative for each user of the HEAST to recognize that
the values listed in the toxicity tables and the cancer table are
generally considered to be PROVISIONAL HEALTH EFFECTS INFORMATION.
The user is referred to IRIS for "Work Group Verified" values. It
is also important to remember that the numbers in these tables
alone tell very little about the adverse effects of a chemical or
the quality of evidence on which health effects information is
based. Original assessment documents must be consulted by users of
the HEAST in order to fully appreciate the strengths and limita-
tions of a specific data base. Original source documents will
allow for the most complete characterization of potential toxicity
associated with the range of exposure pathways generally evaluated
at Superfund and RCRA sites. The Reference Tables point the user
to these sources.
CONTRIBUTORS
Chemicals commonly found at RCRA sites as identified by the
Office of Solid Waste's (OSW) Technical Assessment Branch are
included in the HEAST. The Office of Radiation Programs has
provided data on radionuclide carcinogenicity for Tables 4A and 4B
of the HEAST. Finally, the Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards (OAQPS) has provided information on chemicals for which
Air Quality Criteria Documents and National Ambient Air Quality
Standards have been developed.
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CHEMICALS LISTED
Most of the chemicals included on the toxicity tables and
carcinogenicity table are those for which at least one of the
following EPA documents has been written: Health Effects Assess-
ment Document (HEA), Health and Environmental Effects Profile
(KEEP), Health and Environmental Effects Document (HEED), Health
Assessment Document (HAD) , Air Quality Criteria Document (AQCD) ,
Drinking Water Criteria Document (DWCD). A description of each is
provided in Appendix A, Section I. In a few cases, the values are
supported by other written material, such as Work Group meeting
notes or Carcinogen Assessment Group (CAG) Profiles. Radionuclide
slope factor values are calculated by the EPA's Office of Radiation
Programs.
The names of criteria pollutants that are regulated as
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) mder the Clean Air
Act are listed in the main body of the HEAST, but the actual
criteria are included as Section V of Appendix A: Technical
Information. The NAAQS were not included in the tables in order to
distinguish them from the reference concentration ([RfC]) values.
The NAAQS and [RfC]s represent different levels of review and
different methods of calculation and thus, must be interpreted and
used differently.
HIERARCHY OF SOURCES
It is recognized that at any point in time there may be
multiple old and new Agency documents or data bases that present
different values on a specific chemical. For chemicals other than
those represented by the NAAQS or DWCDs, the following hierarchy of
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sources is recommended in evaluating chemical toxicity for
Superfund sites:
1. The Agency's Integrated Risk Information System
(IRIS) and cited references. Changes are made in
this data base on a monthly basis, but there may be
data gaps. Call the RISK INFORMATION HOTLINE at
(513)569-7254 for further information.
2. The Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST)
and cited references.
3. Consultation with the Superfund Health Risk Tech-
nical Support Center (TSC) at (513)569-7300.
4. Do not consult either the toxicity tables (Appendix
A) in the Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual
(SPHEM, U.S. EPA, 1986) or the September 1988 Public
Health Risk Evaluation Data Base (PHRED) as these
sources are likely to contain numerous values that
have since become out-of-date.
QUESTIONS
Chemical Toxicity and Carcinogenicity
Regional EPA Superfund Staff may direct questions regarding
the contents of the chemical toxicity and carcinogenicity tables on
the HEAST (e.g., chemicals not covered, chemicals with pending
[RfD]s) to EPA's Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center
(TSC) in Cincinnati, OH at (513)569-7300. Questions from other
users must be submitted to the TSC in writing and must contain the
following information:
• Superfund site name, site location and twelve-digit
site number;
• Name and phone number of the site Remedial Project
Manager (RPM) or Regional Risk Assessor/Toxicologist;
• Detailed description of the health effects information
related question.
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Please send requests via mail or FAX to:
Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center
US EPA
26 W. Martin Luther King Dr.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
MS 117
Cincinnati, OH 45268
FAX#: (513)569-7159
RCRA Chemicals
Questions about RCRA chemicals may be addressed by calling the
Office of Solid Waste at (202) 260-4761.
Radionuclide Carcinogenicity
Questions concerning radionuclide carcinogenicity should first
be addressed by contacting the appropriate Regional Radiation
Program Manager. A listing of these managers and several contacts
in the Office of Radiation Programs can be found in Exhibit 2 of
the User's Guide - Radionuclide Carcinogenicity.
REFERENCES
Most cited Agency references (e.g., HEAs, HEEPs, HEEDs), are
(or will soon be) available through the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA
22161 [(703)487-4650]. Carcinogen Assessment Group (CAG) Profiles
cited in Table 3 are available through the RCRA docket
(202)260-9327.
Drinking water documents are available by calling the Drinking
Water Docket at (202)260-3027.
ORDERING INFORMATION
Limited copies of the HEAST are available for EPA Superfund
staff, State Superfund programs and other Federal agencies working
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on Superfund sites. Users in these groups can call Syracuse
Research Corporation (616) 375-2121 to be put on the mailing list.
EPA's Office of Solid Waste (OSW) requests that their users
(i.e., OSW staff, contractors, State solid waste programs) call the
Health Assessment Section (202) 260-4761 to obtain copies of the
HEAST. Regional OSW staff are reminded that copies are sent to all
EPA Regional libraries.
Users of the HEAST in EPA's Office of Air and Radiation and
State air programs should call Kelly Rimer of EPA's Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards at (919) 541-2962.
All other users must purchase the document from:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
(703) 487-4650
Fc ordering information, call the JTTIS Subscriptions
Department at (703) 487-4630. NTIS normally ships 4th class United
States mail. Therefore, users may wish to consult with NTIS
concerning the use of an overnight delivery service. When ordering
the 1994 Health Effects Assessment Summary Table annual update and
supplements from NTIS refer to the following order numbers:
PB94-921100: Annual HEAST Update and Supplements
PB94-921199: Annual HEAST update
PB94-921101: July 1994 Supplement No. 1
PB94-921102: November 1994 Supplement No. 2
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WHAT'S NEW IN THE JULY 1994 SUPPLEMENT NO. 1
GENERAL CHANGES -- CHEMICAL TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENICITY
The changes in this version of the HEAST reflect changes in
IRIS through May 1, 1994. It is also current with RfD/RfC and
CRAVE Work Group activities through May 1, 1994.
CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES -- CHEMICAL TOXICITY AND
CARCINOGENICITY
A. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES ON HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND
CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Acrvlic acid 000079-10-7
The chronic oral RfD has been replaced on IRIS. The chronic oral
RfD on IRIS was adopted as the subchronic oral [RfD].
Aroclor 1248 012672-29-6
An indicator was added to show that a comment is now on IRIS that
the chronic oral RfD is considered not verifiable by the RfD/RfC
(07/20/93) Work Group.
Aroclor 1254 0111097-69-1
The chronic [RfD] under review by the RfD/RfC Work Group was
added to the table. The subchronic [RfD] was derived from the
chronic [RfD].
Carbon Disulfide 000075-15-0
No change in the table. Reference to the 1989 RfD/RfC Work Group
was added.
Dibromoethane. 1.2- 000106-93-4
The subchronic [RfC] was modified to be consistent with the
chronic [RfC].
Dimethvlphthalate 000131-11-3
The chronic oral [RfD] has been removed. A comment was added to
show that the chronic oral [RfD] is considered not verifiable by
the RfD/RfC (02/16/94) Work Group.
Methylenediphenvl isocvanate, 4,4- /
(Diphenylmethanediisocyanate) 000101-68-8
An indicator was added to show that the chronic inhalation RfC is
now on IRIS. The chronic inhalation RfC on IRIS was adopted as
the subchronic inhalation [RfC].
Trichloroethane. 1.1,1.- 000071-55-6
A comment pertaining to the subchronic [RfC] was added to the
table.
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B. CHEMICAL-SPECIF1C CHANGES ON HEAST TABLE 2: ALTERNATE
METHODS -- SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN
CARCINOGENICITY)
No changes were made to HEAST Table 2.
C. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES ON HEAST TABLE 3: CARCINOGENICITY
Bis(2-chloroisopropvl) ether 039638-32-9
Removed from Table 3. Compound tested was Technical bis(2-chloro-
l-methylethyl) ether containing 70% bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl)
ether and 30% bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether. [Slope factor],
[unit risk], and [EPA Group] classification were only derived for
bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl) ether.
Bis(2-chloro-l-methvlethvl) ether 000108-06-1
Replaced on Table 3. Compound tested was Technical bis(2-chloro-
l-methylethyl) ether containing 70% bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl)
ether and 30% bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether. [Slope factor],
[unit risk], and [EPA Group] classification were only derived for
bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl) ether.
Dimethylhvdrazine. 1.2- 000540-73-8
The general comment, "Contact the Superfund Health Risk Technical
Support Center" has been removed from the table.
D. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES ON HEAST TABLES 4A AND 4B:
RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY -- SLOPE FACTORS
No new radionuclide slope factors were added to Tables 4A
and 4B, and none of the slope factors listed in the March 1994
HEAST Annual Update were changed.
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HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
July 1994
CHEMICAL DOSE SPECIES
LEVEL ROUTE EXPERIMENT LENGTH TARGET
000079-10-7
CRITICAL EFFECT
Subchronic Chronic
[RfC] [RfDl [RfC] [RfD] REFERENCE
(mg/cu m) (mg/kg/day) (mg/cu m) (mg/kg/day)
UF UF UF UF
ACRYLIC ACID
NOAEL 53 MG/KG/DAY RAT
ORAL: DRINKING 2 GENERATION WHOLE BODY DECREASED PUP WEIGHT
WATER
5E-1
100
SUBCHRONIC [RfD] COMMENT: THE CHRONIC ORAL RfD ON IRIS WAS ADOPTED AS THE SUBCHRONIC ORAL [RfD].
IRIS
005836
LOAEL 5 PPM MOUSE
INHALATION: 13 WEEKS
INTERMITTENT
NASAL MUCOSA
LESIONS
3E-3
100
IRIS
010346
AROCLOR 1248 012672-29-6
CHRONIC RfD COMMENT: THE CHRONIC ORAL RfD IS CONSIDERED NOT VERIFIABLE (07/20/93) BY THE RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
IRIS
010940
AROCLOR 1254
LOAEL 0.005 MG/KG/DAY
011097-69-1
MONKEY IMMUNE SYSTEM TOXICITY
5E-5
100
2E-5 010963
300
CARBON DISULFIDE
NOEL 11 MG/KG/DAY
INHALATION:
INTERMITTENT
000075-15-0
RABBIT
FETUS
TOXICITY
1E-1
100
IRIS
010259
SUBCHRONIC [RfD] COMMENT: THE CHRONIC ORAL RfD WAS ADOPTED AS THE SUBCHRONIC ORAL [RfD].
CHRONIC [RfD] COMMENT: THE CHRONIC ORAL RfD WAS DETERMINED FROM A TERATOLOGY STUDY WITH EXPOSURES BEFORE AND DURING THE ENTIRE GESTATION
PERIOD.
NOAEL 10 MG/CU M RAT
INHALATION: GESTATION
INTERMITTENT
FETUS
TOXICITY
1E-2
1000
1E-2
1000
010430
SUBCHRONIC [RfC] COMMENT: THE CHRONIC INHALATION [RfC] WAS ADOPTED AS THE SUBCHRONIC INHALATION [RfC].
IRIS, ERA'S INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM, IS UPDATED MONTHLY. FURTHER INFORMATION: RISK INFORMATION HOTLINE: (513) 569-7254.
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HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY) March 1994
Subchronic Chronic
CHEMICAL DOSE SPECIES [RfC] [RfD] [RfC] [RfD] REFERENCE
LEVEL ROUTE EXPERIMENT LENGTH TARGET CRITICAL EFFECT (mg/cu m) (mg/kg/day) (mg/cu m) (mg/kg/dav)
UF UF UF UF
DIBROMOETHANE, 1.2- 000106-93-4
LOAEL 88 PPB HUMAN
INHALATION: SPERM EFFECTS 2E-3 2E-4 010854
INTERMITTENT 100 1000
SUBCHRONIC [RfC] COMMENT: THE CHRONIC INHALATION [RfC] WAS MODIFIED TO ESTIMATE THE SUBCHRONIC INHALATION [RfC].
CHRONIC [RfC] COMMENT: UNDER REVIEW, CURRENT NUMBER SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
GENERAL COMMENT: ALSO SEE HEAST TABLE 3: CARCINOGENICITY.
DIMETHYLPHTHALATE 000131-11-3
CHRONIC RfD COMMENT: THE CHRONIC ORAL [RfD] IS CONSIDERED NOT VERIFIABLE (02/16/94) BY THE RfD/RfC WORK GROUP. 010267
IRIS 010894
CHRONIC RfC COMMENT: THE CHRONIC INHALATION RfC IS CONSIDERED NOT VERIFIABLE (07/26/90) BY THE RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
METHYLENEDIPHENYL ISOCYANATE, 4,4- / (DIPEHNYLMETHANE DIISOCYANATE) 000101-68-8
NOAEL 0.2 MG/CU M RAT
INHALATION: 24 MONTHS NASAL CAVITY LESIONS 2E-5 IRIS 010449
INTERMITTENT 300
SUBCHRONIC [RfC] COMMENT: THE CHRONIC INHALATION RfC ON IRIS WAS ADOPTED AS THE SUBCHRONIC INHALATION [RfC].
TRICHLOROETHANE, 1.1.1- 000071-55-6
SUBCHRONIC [RfD] COMMENT: CONTACT THE SUPERFUND HEALTH RISK TECHNICAL SUPPORT CENTER: (513) 569-7300.
SUBCHRONIC [RfC] COMMENT: CONTACT THE SUPERFUND HEALTH RISK TECHNICAL SUPPORT CENTER: (513) 569-7300.
IRIS, EPA'S INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM, IS UPDATED MONTHLY. FURTHER INFORMATION: RISK INFORMATION HOTLINE: (513) 569-7254. 1-2
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REFERENCES FOR HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY
(OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY) July 1994
ACRYLIC ACID 000079-10-7
005836 BASF. 1993. REPRODUCTION TOXICITY STUDY WITH ACRYLIC ACID IN RATS: CONTINUOUS ADMINISTRATION IN THE DRINKING WATER OVER 2
GENERATIONS (1 LITTER IN THE FIRST AND 1 LITTER IN THE SECOND GENERATION). PROJECT NO. 71R0114/92011. BASF AKTIENGELLSCHAFT, DEPT.
OF TOXICOLOGY, RHEIN, FRG.
US EPA. 1994. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
010346 MILLER, RR, JA AYERS, GC JERSEY AND MJ MCKENNA. 1981. INHALATION TOXICITY OF ACRYLIC ACID. FUND APPL TOXICOL. 1(3): 271-277.
MILLER, RR, JA AYERS, GC JERSEY. 1979. ACRYLIC ACID 90-DAY VAPOR INHALATION STUDY WITH RATS AND MICE. FINAL REPORT #79RC-1024.
TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH LABORATORY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, MIDLAND, MI.
US EPA. 1990. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
AROCLOR 1248 012672-29-6
010940 US EPA. 1993. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
AROCLOR 1254 011097-69-1
010963 US EPA. 1994. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
CARBON DISULFIDE 000075-15-0
010259 HARDIN BD, GP BOND, MR SIKOR, FD ANDREW, RP BELILES AND RW NIEMEIR. 1981. TESTING OF SELECTED WORKPLACE CHEMICALS FOR TERATOGENIC
POTENTIAL. SCAND J WORK ENVIRON HEALTH. 7CSUPPL 4): 66-75.
US EPA. 1985. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
010430 TABACOVA S, LA HINKOVA, L BALABAEVA. 1978. CARBON DISULFIDE TERATOGENICITY AND POSTNATAL EFFECTS IN RATS. TOXICOL LETT. 2(3):
129-133.
TABACOVA S, B NIKIFOROV, L BALABAEVA. 1983. CARBON DISLUFIDE INTRAUTERINE SENSITIZATION. J APPL TOXICOL. 3(5): 233-239.
US EPA. 1986. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS PROFILE FOR CARBON DISULFIDE. PREPARED BY THE OFFICE OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH FOR THE OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE,
WASHINGTON, DC.
US EPA. 1989. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
DIBROMOETHANE, 1,2- 000106-93-4
010854 RATCLIFFE JM, SM SCHRADER, K STEENLAND, DE CLAPP, T TURNER AND RW HORNUNG. 1987. SEMEN QUALITY IN PAPAYA WORKERS WITH LONG-TERM
EXPOSURE TO ETHYLENE BROMIDE. BR J IND MED. 44: 317-326.
SCHRADER SM, TW TURNER AND JM RATCLIFFE. 1988. THE EFFECTS OF ETHYLENE BROMIDE ON SEMEN QUALITY: A COMPARISON OF SHORT-TERM AND
CHRONIC EXPOSURE. REPROD TOXICOLOGY. 2: 191-198.
US EPA. 1992. RFD/RFC WORK GROUP.
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REFERENCES FOR HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY
(OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN 1C ITY)
Juiy 1994
DIMETHYLPHTHALATE
010267 US EPA. 1994. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
010894 US EPA. 1990. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
000131-11-3
METHYLENEDIPHENYL ISOCYANATE, 4,4- / (DIPHENYLMETHANE DIISOCYANATE) 000101-68-8
010449 REUZEL PGJ, JHG ARTS, MHM KUYPERS, ET AL. 1990. CHRONIC TOXICITY/CARCINOGENICITY INHALATION STUDY OF POLYMERIC METHYLENEDIPHENYL
DIISOCYANATE AEROSOL IN RATS. FINAL REPORT. PREPARED BY CIVO INSTITUTE FOR THE INTERNATIONAL ISOCYANATE INSTITUTE.
REUZEL PGJ, JHG ARTS, LG LOMAX, ET AL. 1998. CHRONIC INHALATION AND CARCINOGENICITY STUDY OF RESPIRABLE POLYMERIC METHYLENE DIPHENYL
DIISOCYANATE (POLYMERIC MDI) AEROSOL IN RATS. FUND APPL TOXICOL. 22: 195-210.
US EPA. 1993. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
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HEAST TABLE 3: CARCINOGENICITY July 1994
[SLOPE FACTOR] [UNIT RISK]
EXPERIMENT LENGTH [EPA ORAL INHALATION ORAL INHALATION REFERENCE
CHEMICAL ROUTE SPECIES TARGET CANCER GROUP] (mg/kg/day)^(tng/kg/day)"1 (ug/L) ' (ug/cu m)-1
BIS(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL) ETHER 000108-06-1
ORAL: GAVAGE 2 YEARS C 7E-2 3.5E-2 2E-6 1E-5 005079
MOUSE LIVER TUMORS
LUNG TUMORS
INHALATION [SLOPE] COMMENT: BASED ON ROUTE TO ROUTE EXTRAPOLATION (50% RESPIRATORY ABSORPTION). SEE APPENDIX A-II: DOSE CONVERSIONS ON HEAST.
GENERAL COMMENT: COMPOUND TESTED CONTAINED 70% BIS(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL)ETHER AND 30% BIS(2-CHLOROISOPROPYL)ETHER. ALSO SEE HEAST TABLE 1:
SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY).
DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE. 1,2- 000540-73-8
B2 010962
IRIS. EPA'S INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM, IS UPDATED MONTHLY. FURTHER INFORMATION: RISK INFORMATION HOTLINE: (513) 569-7254. 3-1
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REFERENCES FOR HEAST TABLE 3: CARCINOGENICITY July 1994
BIS(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL) ETHER 000108-06-1
005079 NTP (NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM). 1982. CARCINOGENIC BIOASSAY OF BIS(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL) ETHER (70%) CONTAINING
2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL(2-CHLOROPROPYL) ETHER (30%) IN B6C3 1 MICE (GAVAGE STUDY). NCI CARCINOGEN TECH REP SER NO 239. 105 P. ALSO
PUBL AS DHHS (NIH) 83-1795
US EPA. 1987. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS DOCUMENT FOR HALOETHERS. PREPARED BY THE OFFICE OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH FOR THE OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE,
WASHINGTON, DC.
DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE, 1.2- 000540-73-8
010479 TOTH B AND K PATEL. 1982. CARCINOGENICITY DOSE RESPONSE STUDY BY CONTINUOUS ADMINISTRATION OF 1,2-DIMETHYL HYDRAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE
IN MICE. I. LIGHT AND TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF COLONIC NEOPLASMS. AM J PATH. 84: 69-86.
US EPA. 1984. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS PROFILE FOR 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE. PREPARED BY THE OFFICE OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH FOR THE OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE,
WASHINGTON, DC.
US EPA. 1989. EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL CARCINOGENICITY OF 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE. PREPARED BY THE CARCINOGEN ASSESSMENT GROUP,
OFFICE OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH FOR THE OFFICE OF
EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE AND OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE, WASHINGTON, DC.
• U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 7994-386-547/03099
R3-1
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